Part 62

=How= far does the air extend? 243 is ammunition made (illus.)? 49 does an arc light burn? 307 are automobile tires made? 382 does a honey bee live? 336 does a bee make honey? 527 do bees build the honey comb? 536 does the honey bee defend itself? 536 does honey develop in a comb (illus.)? 530 do birds learn to fly? 178 do birds find their way? 407 does the blotter take up the ink of a blot? 18 this book is bound, 578 this book is made, 561 the paper in this book is made, 561 the pictures in this book are made, 581 are bullets made? 51 is an ocean cable laid? 429 does a camera take a picture? 22 is a cable dropped into the ocean (illus.)? 432 are modern carpets made? 169 is a carpet woven by machinery? 171 is china decorated? 406 is china made? 404 is chocolate made? 392 did the custom of clinking glasses in drinking originate? 232 are cigars made? 517 is cloth made from wool? 86 did the coal get into the coal mines? 257 does a coal mine look inside? 260 do the cocoa beans grow (illus.)? 391 is the color put on the outside of the pencil? 469 is the honey comb made? 532 are concrete roads built (illus.)? 103 did man learn to cook his food? 308 are concrete buildings made (illus.)? 100 is woolen cloth dyed? 87 big is the earth? 124 much of the earth does the sun shine on at one time? 324 does an elevator go up and down (illus.)? 396 was electricity discovered? 333 does the light get into the electric bulb? 305 is the eraser put on a pencil? 469 can an explosion break windows? 62 explosions may occur on submarines, 278 does the farmer use concrete (illus.)? 102 do our finger prints identify us? 520 did man learn to fight fire? 308 did man learn to make a fire? 289 are fishes born? 177 was the flag made? 310 is flour made? 462 does a fly walk upside down? 454 did men learn to fly? 126 does the gas get into the gas jet? 302 is illuminating gas made? 303 is gas purified? 303 is plate glass made? 246 is plate glass ground? 250 a wire-wound gun is made? 54 was the first American gun made (illus.)? 47 is a gun ingot made? 55 do we find the length of a gun? 53 is a gun tube tempered? 57 do we obtain heat? 231 the heel of a shoe is put on (illus.), 560 did Hobson’s choice originate? 311 far away is the horizon? 245 does a key turn a lock (illus.)? 491 does a spring lock work (illus.)? 492 are lead pencils made? 467 do the miners loosen the coal? 261 is light produced, 230 are magnets made? 335 are matches made? 293 are match boxes made? 294 did man learn to send messages? 412 does the meter measure the gas? 304 can microbes spread through the body? 410 are mirrors silvered? 522 big is a molecule? 348 did money originate? 455 are moving pictures made? 369 does the music get into the piano? 478-482 did the word news originate? 312 did a nod come to mean yes? 19 did shaking the head come to mean no? 19 are paints mixed? 228 is a photograph developed? 23 was the piano discovered? 479 do plants breathe? 241 do plants reproduce life? 175 does the shield cut through the ground in tunnel building? 212 are shooting shells photographed? 24 shoes are made by machinery, 549 shoe machinery was developed, 457 is crude rubber secured? 377 is rope turned and twisted? 358 are rubber tires made? 378 are modern rugs made? 169 to splice a rope, 364 do men go down to the bottom of the sea? 202 did the sand get on the seashore? 108 far back does the silkworm date? 109 was silk introduced into Europe? 110 are the silkworms cared for? 113 do we know a thing is solid, liquid or gas? 348 are sounds produced? 485 fast does sound travel? 486 can sound come through a thick wall? 79 is the volume of sound measured? 242 far does space reach? 256 do the slate pickers work? 259 does a captain steer his ship across the ocean? 407 can a ship sail under water, 269 is a submarine submerged? 270 do sponges grow? 286 do sponges eat? 287 are sponges caught? 287 are the stars counted? 241 big is the sun? 141 hot is the sun? 141 is a steel pen made (illus.), 17 did man learn to shoot, 40 do we get wool off the sheep? 82 is a stone thrown with a sling? 41 are metallic and paper shells filled with powder? 50 did man learn to talk? 18 did the telephone come to be? 70 fast does thought travel? 242 does a telegram get there? 414 did man learn to tell time? 313 did man begin to measure time? 314 did men tell time when the sun cast no shadows? 317 is the time calculated at sea? 315 is tobacco cultivated? 516 is tobacco cured? 516 was tobacco discovered? 512 is tobacco harvested? 515 is tobacco planted? 514 is a tunnel dug under water? 208 does water put fire out? 222 is white lead made? 225 are wires put under ground? 76 did writing first come about? 11 did the Chinese write? 13 did the Monks do their writing? 14 does a pen write? 18 much does the wool in a suit of clothes cost? 83 much wool does America produce? 82 is wool taken from the sheep? 82 is the yarn for carpets dyed? 170 is oxide of zinc obtained? 226 does the water get into the faucet? 501 are the big water pipes laid? 504 did the name Uncle Sam originate? 458

=Human body=, wonders of the, 311

=Hunting=, with the bow-and-arrow, 43

=Hurt=, why we cry when, 93

=Hydrogen=, what it is, 349

=Hypo=, used in developing, 23

=Impact=, of projectile from guns, 28

=Ink=, how does a blotter take up? 18

=Instruments=, artillery, testing, 24 musical, 488 optical, based on refraction, 38

=Incandescent lamp=, development of, 306

=Inside= of a mine planting submarine (illus.), 277

=Iron=, cast, 265 melts at, 35 the most valuable metal, 265 wrought, 265

=Is= a moth attracted by a light? 288 man an animal? 180 the hand quicker than the eye? 376 there a reason for everything? 200 there a man in the moon? 400 yawning infectious? 192

=Jacket=, of a gun, 54

=Japan= the natural home of the silk worm (illus.), 112

=Kentucky rifles=, 45

=Key=, how it works in a lock (illus.), 491

=Knots=, different kinds of (illus.), 363 what makes, in boards, 223

=Lambs=, Siberian, in South Dakota (illus.), 80

=Lamps=, first street light in America, 296 the Clanny safety, 264 did candles come before? 294 earliest forms of, 295 Edison’s first (illus.), 306 incandescent carbon (illus.), 306 incandescent, development of, 306 incandescent, electric, when invented, 305 French watch tower (illus.), 295 Mazda (illus.), 306 from Nushagak hanging (illus.), 297 Pagan votive (illus.), 296 Tantalum (illus.), 306 street, when first used, 295 chimney protects flame, 37 coal miners and safety, 262

=Lamp chimney=, why it makes a better light, 37

=Langley, Dr. Samuel P.=, 1914 flight of aeroplane, 128

=Languages=, why so many, 197

=Lantern=, the first oil (illus.), 297 the “Réverbère” (illus.), 297

=Laugh=, when glad, why we, 92 nerves, 93 when tickled, why we, 93

=Laughter=, reflex action, 93

=Lead=, as used in making paint, 267 in a pencil, 468 why so heavy, 267 as used in pipes for plumbing, 267

=Leather=, how the hides are treated, 539 treatment of hides, 538 unhairing machine (illus.), 540 hide house (illus.), 538 tanning process, 539 rolling room (illus.), 539 tanning sole leather, 539 how upper leather is tanned (illus.), 540 disposing of waste material, 540 wringers, 539 tan yard (illus.), 539

=Legs=, not same length, 91

=Lens=, in the eye, 22

=Leyden jar=, what it is, 332

=Life=, beginning of, 174 beginning of man’s, 174 how plants reproduce, 175

=Light=, attracting moths, 288 glow-worms why they glow? 231 how produced, 230 lightning bugs, made by, 231 where it goes when it goes out, 36 what makes match, 198 in mirror, 22 in negative, 23 rays, 36, 495 broken rays of, 38 rays, heat from, 36 and refraction, 38 speed of, 36, 140 travels faster than anything in the world, 36 surrounding earth, 38 wave changed into heat, 36

=Lighting=, arc, how does it burn, 307 in America, first street (illus.), 296 first oil lantern, 297 electric, when introduced, 305 first street light in Paris, 297 gas tank, (illus.), 298

=Lightning=, why it follows thunder, 140

=Lightning bugs=, why they produce light, 231

=Lignite=, found in coal mines, 262

=Liner=, of a gun, 54

=Linseed oil=, extraction of, 228 what it is, 227 where it comes from, 227

=Liquid=, definition, 348

=Living=, why do some people live longer, 199 reproduction necessary why, 174 reproduction of, in birds, 179 reproduction of, in fishes, 177

=Loading= machines in powder factory, 50

=Lobsters=, red, what makes them, 245

=Lock=, cylinder (illus.), 492 how a key turns a (illus.), 491 how key changes are provided (illus.), 491 how a spring lock works (illus.), 492 master-keyed cylinder (illus.), 492 what happens when the key is turned? (illus.), 491 what happens when the knob is turned? (illus.), 491

=Locomotives=, boiler of articulate type (illus.), 440 boiler of (illus.), 442 cab of (illus.), 442 cylinders description of, 441 low pressure cylinders of (illus.), 441 electric, newest (illus.), 443 one of the largest (illus.), 440 signal tower, latest (illus.), 444 stoker, automatic (illus.), 443 water tank (illus.), 444

=Lodestone=, what it is, 327

“=Long Bow=,” in Sherwood Forest (illus.), 42

=Loom=, cloth making machine, 86

=Magnet=, breaking iron (illus.), 330 electro (illus.), 326, 328, 335 electric lift (illus.), 326 experiments with, 327 great lifting by (illus.), 330 how made, 335 what makes it lift things? 326 wonders performed by, 326 work it can do (illus.), 328

=Man=, writing, how man learned, 11 counting himself, 19 is he an animal? 180

=Matches=, are they poisonous? 294 first, 292 how made, 293 lucifer (illus.), 292 making by machinery, 293 modern safety (illus.), 292 oxymuriate (illus.), 292 promethean (illus.), 292 what we would do without, 292 when first used (illus.), 292

=Match-lock=, of early firearms, 45

=Melting= of iron, 35

=Men= who made the telephone, 70

=Mercury=, fulminate of, 49

=Merrimac and Monitor=, fight of, 32

=Merry=, why eyes sparkle when, 92

=Messages=, how men learned to send, 412 Indian smoke signals, 412 marathon runner by (illus.), 413 pony telegraph (illus.), 413

=Messenger boy=, how to call a (illus.), 414 the first (illus.), 413

=Metal=, what is a, 265 what is the most valuable? 265 why we use for coining, 456

=Meter=, description of gas, 304 how it measures gas, 304

=Milk=, does thunder sour? 196

=Milky way=, why is it called, 255 what is, 255

=Mine cars= (illus.), 260

=Mines=, clearing channel of buoyant, 283 exploding submarine, 34 planting submarine, inside of (illus.), 277 workers that never see daylight, 258

=Mirror=, collects rays of light, 22 reflection in, 22 reflects rays of light, 22

=Mirrors=, beveling (illus.), 251 how made, 251 how silvered, 252 polishing, 251 roughing, 251 silvered with mercury, 253 silvering mirror plates (illus.), 252

=Molecule=, how big is a, 348 what is a, 348

=Monasteries=, where gunpowder was manufactured, 44

=Money=, how originated, 455 metallic forms of, 456 who made the first cent, 458 who originated, 455 why do we need, 455 why gold and silver are best for coining, 457

=Monitor and Merrimac=, fight of, 32

=Monks=, making gunpowder, 44

=Monoplane=, flying boat (illus.), 135 German (illus.), 132 over Mediterranean (illus.), 132

=Moon=, why it travels with us, 399 the man in the, 400

=Morse, S. B.=, inventor of telegraph, 420

=Mortars= (illus.), 26

=Mothers and Fathers=, do plants have, 175

=Moths=, attracted by light, 288 emerging from cocoon (illus.), 117

=Motion= bodies, swiftest, 25

=Motion=, is train harder to stop than start? 223 of light, 140 of sound, 140 perpetual, 61 perpetual, in mechanics, 240

=Motors=, gas, used in aeroplanes, 130

=Mountains=, what made them, 401

=Moving pictures=, Board of Censors, 373 developing room (illus.), 372 drying room (illus.), 373 continuous movement of film, 376 exact size of film, 370 first camera, 375 first exhibited at studio, 372 how made, 369 how freak pictures are made, 376 negative, stock, 370 negative, perforated, 370 “Pigs is Pigs” (illus.), 374 rehearsing (illus.), 371 scenario (illus.), 374 staging, 371 taking a (illus.), 373

=Mulberry trees=, food for silk worms (illus.), 112

=Mules and drivers= (illus.), 258

=Multiple switchboard= of telephone, 69

=Music=, harp, 479 lyre, 479 note, what it is, 490 what pitch is, 489 what is, 478

=Musical talking machines=, 490

=Muzzle=, of a big gun, 53

=Muzzle-loaders=, in Civil War, 47

=Nails=, why they get hot when hammered, 230

=Names=, of people, 20

=Nature=, protecting eyes, ways of, 38

=Navigating= on bottom of sea, 283

=Negative= in photography, 23

=Nerves=, sensory, receive impression, 93 transmitting impression, 22

=News=, how did the word originate? 312

=Nightmare=, cause of, 367

=Nitrogen=, what it is, 350

=Ocean=, why is it blue? 219 what makes it green? 219 why don’t water sink in? 219 where did all the water in, come from? 218 where is water at low tide, 219

=Of= what use is my hair? 143

=Of= what use are pains and aches? 410

=Oil baths=, for gun (illus.), 57

=Oil cake=, from linseed, 228

=Oil=, palm olive, in soap, 411

=Omniscope=, of submarine boat, 271

=Onions=, make tears, 38 bad effect of on eyes, 38

=Operatives=, in powder factory, girls as, 49

=Optical instruments=, based on refraction, 38

=Organic matter=, what it is, 174

=Origin of cement=, 95 of counting in tens, 19 names of people, 20 of nodding to indicate yes, 19 of shaking head to indicate no, 19 of turnpike, 104

=Oxide of zinc smelter= (illus.), 227 how obtained, 226

=Oxygen=, what it is, 349 in air, 37

=Pain=, of what use is, 410 what it is, 244

=Paint=, care of, story in, 224 how mixed, 228 uses of, 224 what used for, 224

=Paint manufacturing=, colors, what makes different, 229 buckles before corrosion (illus.), 225 buckles after corrosion (illus.), 225 buckles placed in stacks (illus.), 225 buckles taken from stacks (illus.), 225 first step in making (illus.), 224 lead buckles making (illus.), 224 lead, white, how made, 224-225 lead white used in, 224 grinding lead in oil (illus.), 228 washing the lead (illus.), 226 mixing, 228 where paints are mixed (illus.), 228 linseed oil, where obtained, 227 pressing oil from flaxseed (illus.), 228 removing oil cake from press, 228 sulphur roasting furnace (illus.), 226 zinc smelter (illus.), 227 oxide of zinc, how made, 226

=Paper=, earliest forms of, 14 sensitive in photography, 23 shells, inspection of (illus), 49 papyrus, the first, 14

=Papyrus=, invention of, 14

=Patents=, of original telephone, 73

=Peat=, as a fuel, 262

=Pen=, first metallic (illus.), 15 first steel (illus.), 15 first metallic pen, how made, 15 how it writes, 18 invention of the, 15

=Pencils, “lead”= where from, 466 eraser is put on, 469 making description of (illus.), 467 who made the first? 466

=Periscope=, description of, 275 how we look through a (illus.), 276 mirror of, 275

=Perpetual motion=, nearest approach to, 240 is it possible? 61

=Persian rug=, antique (illus.), 167 how made, 167 imitation (illus.), 167 Kurdistan (illus.), 167 where best are made, 167

=Photographs=, of projectiles, 25

=Photography=, resultant from experiments with mirror, 22

=Piano=, pitch, 489 finishing (illus.), 484 why not more than seven octaves, 480 Dulcimer (illus.), 479 spinet (illus.), 480-481 note what it is, 490 sounding board, 488 tuning, (illus.), 484 building case around (illus.), 483 how the music gets into the, 482 clavichord (illus.), 480 instruments, musical, 488 strings, fastening on (illus.), 482 psaltery, 480 sound box, the first, 479 who made the first, 478 hammers (illus.), 483

## action regulation (illus.), 484

virginal (illus.), 480-481 first (illus.), 478 tuning fork, 488 polishing (illus.), 484 sounding board, putting on the (illus.), 482 how discovered, 479 lyre, 479 octave, 480 harpsichord (illus.), 480-481

=Pickers=, boy, slate (illus.), 259

=Pictures=, with a fast camera, 39 moving, how made, 369 size of moving film, 370 never seen by the human eye, 31 taken in one five-thousandth of a second, 31

=Pin money=, why they call it? 231 how name originated, 231

=Pistols=, invented in Pistola, Italy, 46

=Plants=, corn, why it has silk? 176 do father and mother plants live together, 176 how they eat, 511 how they reproduce, 175 why do flowers have smells? 176 why they produce leaves, 175

=Plate glass=, (illus.), 246

=Portland Cement=, why called, 95

=Powder=, filling shells, 50 gun-cotton in smokeless, 35 secret of smokeless powder, 35 smokeless, 35 in submarine mines, amount of, 34

=Pressure=, generated in bore of a big gun, 54 inside of a gun at discharge, 33 in gun-barrel, resistance of, 34 of light, on scales, 37

=Primer=, invented by, 47

=Prof. Bell’s= vibrating reed (illus.), 71

=Projectiles=, photographs of, 25 arrival at target, 24 clear of smoke-zone (illus.), 30 smoke-zone, emerging from (illus.), 29 height in air from mortar, 30 impact of, from guns, 28 leaving gun muzzle (illus.), 27 travel faster than sound, 32 velocity of, 33 viewed in transit, 33 weight of, 53

=Proving grounds=, for big guns, (illus.), 53

=Pyro=, used in developing, 23

=Quarry=, cement (illus.), 96

=Quill the=, in writing (illus.), 14

=Quills=, raising geese for, 14

=Rails, steel making=, blast furnace (illus.), 234 blooming mill (illus.), 237 crane, carrying ingot, (illus.), 236 length of, 238 mixer (illus.), 234 molten steel, pouring (illus.), 236 open hearth furnace (illus.), 235 pouring side of open hearth furnace, 235 shrinkage of, 238 soaking pit (illus.), 236 temperature in furnace, 235

=Rain=, where it goes, 222 why it freshens the air, 222

=Rainbow=, cause of, 253 colors in, what makes? 254 ends of, 254

=Rays=, change their course, 38 heat from light, 36 of light, 36 Roentgen, 307

=Rays-X=, what are they? 307

=Reason=, is there one for everything? 200

=Reed=, the (illus.), 12

=Reflection=, in mirror, 22, 91

=Refraction=, changing light rays called, 38 of light, 38

=Reproduction=, of life, in birds, 179 in fishes, 177 in plants, 175 why we must have, 174

=Rifle=, Kentucky, 45 kick of, 47 modern automatic, 47 over-loading, 47 wheel-lock (illus.), 46

=Rifling=, causes rotation of projectile, 32 a big gun (illus.), 60 of a gun, 53 invented in Austria, 46

=Roads=, concrete (illus.), 103

=Roentgen Rays=, 307

=Rope=, breaker (illus.), 360 compound laying machine (illus.), 361 cross-section, 362 draw frame (illus.), 360 drying fiber, 354 Egyptian kitchen (illus.), 354 Egyptians making (illus.), 353 preparing the fiber in (illus.), 359 four-strand (illus.), 362 hackling, 354 hemp (illus.), 356 hemp in warehouse (illus.), 356 knots, 363 lengths, standard, 362 oiling in manufacture, 356 long made by hand, 354 machine (illus.), 358 opening bales of fiber (illus.), 359 preparation room (illus.), 359 scraping fiber (illus.), 354 sliver formation of (illus.), 360 spindles, 355 spinning after turn, 355

=Rope spinning=, after turn, 355 foreturn, 355 splicing (illus.), 364 spreader (illus.), 360 stakes, 355

=Rope walk=, modern (illus.), 357-358 old-fashioned (illus.), 355

=Routine=, of a telephone call (illus.), 68

=Rubber=, automobile tires, 382 biscuit, 377 blisters, 379 blow holes, 379 breaker-strip, 384 calendering, 381 castilloa, 387 cement, 381 crude, 377-378 curing room, 382-383 dryer, 379 fabric, 384 furnishing pneumatic tires (illus.), 386 gathering (illus.), 377 how secured, 377 how are inner tubes made, 385 marketing balls of, 377 mixing, 379 Para, 387 pneumatic tires, 383 pure, why not used, 380 spreading, 381 spreader room (illus.), 383 tapping (illus.), 377 tire building machines (illus.), 385 tires, how made, 378-379-380 tread laying room, 384 tubes, inner, how made, 385 vulcanizing, 384 washing, 378 wild, what is, 387 why not used pure, 380 wrapping room, 386

=Rugs=, designs imitated by machinery, 168 Persian (illus.), 167 Persian, how made, 167 Persian, imitation, 167 Persian Kurdistan (illus.), 167 Persian, where best are made, 167 Tabriz, reproduction (illus.), 168 weaving by machine (illus.), 171

=Rug manufacturing=, carding machine (illus.), 170 examining and repairing (illus.), 173 packing for shipment (illus.), 173 processes, 169-170 weaving by machinery (illus.), 171 wool sorting, 170

=Sadness=, cause of tears, 38

=Salt=, beds, 493 chemical name of, 493 in water, 351 mines, 493 Salt Lake, 493 soda, 493 supply for United States, 493 wells, 493 where it comes from, 493

=Scales=, pressure of light on, 37

=School slates=, where they come from, 495

=Score=, origin of, 26

=Scouring=, wool (illus.), 85

=Scouring and weaving=, in making woolen cloth (illus.), 88

=Screens=, in shot tower, 51

=Sea=, diver, 202 how men go down to the bottom of, 202 navigating on bottom of, 283 time calculated on the, 315 what the bottom looks like, 202 what makes it roar, 401

=Second=, reckoning in millionths of a, 25 pictures taken in one five-thousandth of a, 31

=Seeds=, why plants produce, 175

=Seeing=, why we cannot see in dark, 91

=Sensation=, of sight, 22

=Sensitive=, paper, 23

=Service=, military, U. S., 24

=Shadows=, cause of, 495

=Shell=, sounds in a, 79

=Shells=, filling with powder, 50 inspection of metallic (illus.), 49 putting metal heads on paper, 50 wad-paper in making, 50

=Sheep=, coming out of forest (illus.), 82 first in America, 80 fleece packing, 82 how much wool does a sheep produce? 83 how wool is taken from the, 82 how taken care of, 82 how we get wool off of, 82 industry in America, 80 industry in the colonies, 81 industry in the west, 81 number in the west, 81 shearing, 82 shearing machines, 82 wool-producing, 83 why sheep precede the plow in civilizing a country, 81

=Shield driving=, air lock bulkhead (illus.), 210 caulking the joints (illus.), 214 description of airlocks, 213 erector at work (illus.), 214 erector (illus.), 210 at end of journey (illus.), 216 grommetting the bolts (illus.), 214 grouting (illus.), 214 how it cuts in tunnel building, 212 how they meet exactly (illus.), 215 in tunnel building (illus.), 208 key plate (illus.), 214 curves around (illus.), 216 models of Penna. R.R. tunnel shields (illus.), 212 rear end in tunnel building (illus.), 210 tunnels, front view (illus.), 209

=Ship=, how does a captain steer his, 407 how can it sail under water? 269