CHAPTER VII
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THE THIRD CRUSADE.
Fictitious or romantic portraits of Richard I. of England 114
Real character of the actors in the third crusade 115
Decay of the crusading spirit 115
Change in the character of the crusades 116
1174 Henry II. of England and the patriarch of Jerusalem 117
1187 Death of Urban III. 118
Pontificate of Gregory VIII. 118
1188 Assumption of the cross by Henry II. and Philip Augustus of France 119
Saladin tax or tenth 119
Feuds in the family of Henry II. 119
1189 Death of Henry II. 121
July Preparations of Richard I. for the crusade 121
Modes of raising money 122
Persecution and massacre of Jews in England 122
Fearful tragedy in York castle 122
1190 Meeting of Richard and Philip at Vezelai 124
Poetry and influence of the troubadours 124
March of Frederick I., Barbarossa, to Constantinople 124
The popes and the empire 125
Death of Frederick I. 125
Re-occupation of Antioch 126
1189 Siege of Acre by the Latins of Palestine 126
Rise of the Teutonic order 127
1190 Death of Sibylla, queen of Jerusalem 127
Conrad, titular king of Jerusalem 128
Sept 23 Voyage of the English fleet to Lisbon and Messina 128
Conduct of Richard I. in Sicily 128
Quarrel between Richard and Philip Augustus 129
1191 March War between Richard and the Comnenian emperor of Cyprus 130
Arrival of Richard and Philip at Acre 130
July 12 Surrender of Acre 131
Return of Philip to France 131
Massacre of five thousand Turkish hostages 131
Victory of Richard at Azotus 132
Abortive negotiations with Saladin 133
Feud between the English king and the duke of Austria 133
1192 Henry of Champagne, titular king of Jerusalem 134
March of Richard towards Jerusalem 135
Retreat of the army from Bethlehem 135
Relief of Jaffa 135
Truce between the crusaders and Saladin 136
Pilgrimage to Jerusalem 136
Results of the third crusade 136
Captivity of Richard I. in Austria 137
1193 Exertions made for the liberation of Richard 138
Richard before the diet at Hagenau 139
1194 Release of Richard 140
His return to England 140
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