C.

Cæsar's investment of Alise, 153. maritime expeditions, 365.

Campaign, Napoleon's, of 1800, 137. of 1793, 107. of 1799, 111. of 1800, 112. of 1812, Napoleon's error in, 172. of the Spaniards in Flanders, 171. of the Swedes in Germany, 171.

Campaigns in mountains, instances of, 169. in winter, 68. of 1799 and 1800, 162.

Camp at Kehl, 167. intrenched, influence of, 155. intrenched, on which side of a river, 157. intrenched, on river, 156. of Boulogne, 279. of Drissa, 157.

Camps and lines, intrenched, defense of, 215. fortified, 154. intrenched, connection of, with strategy, 154. intrenched, instances of, 210, 211. intrenched, maxims on, 155, 156. intrenched, Prussian system of, 158. intrenched, use of, 156. intrenched, where to be established, 155. strategic square for, 99.

Candia, siege of, 380, 381. Turkish descent on, 379.

Cannæ, order of battle at, 191.

Cantonment of Napoleon on the Passarge, 247.

Cantonments, 246. duty of staff officers in, 256. rules for establishing, 246. selection of positions for, 247.

Canute, 370.

Capitals as strategic points, 87.

Capital, when the center of power, 107.

Capture of posts, means for, 216. when important, 216.

Carbine, in cavalry-charges, 306.

Carnot, 59. operations of, 136.

Carthage, destruction of, 364.

Carthaginians, expeditions of, 361, 362.

Cavalry, 303. advantages of large corps of, 309. arms and organization of, 307, 308. arrangement of, in line of battle, 288. at Ramillies, 312. battle-order for, 312. best formation of infantry against, 294. charge at Hohenfriedberg, 305. charge, general, 305. charges, four kinds of, 306. charges of the Turks, 307. defensive armor for, 308. divisions of five regiments, 311. duties of, 304. encounters of, against cavalry, 311. flank charges of, 307. formations of, 309-311. importance of, in retreats, 243. importance of, to infantry, 290. influence of, in a war, 313, 314. in the defensive, 306. irregular, 313. light, advantages of, 314. militia as, 314, 315. morale of, 312. must be supported by infantry, 304. proportion of, in an army, 304. reserves, 288, 311. when it should charge a line of infantry, 305.

Center, when proper point of attack, 187.

Central armies, 126. line of Napoleon in Saxony, 124. lines, application of, to large masses, 125. position, when untenable, 331.

Chæronea, 365.

Charges, irregular cavalry, 313.

Charles V. of Spain, expedition of, 377. VIII., retreat of, to Naples, 233. X. of Sweden, expedition of, 379. XII. of Sweden, descent of, on Denmark, 382.

Checkerwise formation of cavalry, 310. order, infantry, 301.

Chief of staff, 57, 253.

China, English and French expedition to, 389.

Choice of objective points, 90.

Circumvallation, lines of, 152.

Civil wars, 35.

Clairfayt, victories of, 110.

Clausewitz, erroneous assertion of, 178. opinion of, as to movements in mountainous countries, 166.

Coalition against France in 1793, 37. Frederick the Great, 36, 37. Louis XIV., 36.

Coasts, influence of, on descents, 251.

Coblentz, fortification of, 157, 158. towers of, 159.

Coburg, Prince of, 109, 193.

Column of attack, cavalry, 310. of attack in two lines, 292.

Columns of attack, 293, 294, 356. of attack of single battalions, 298. of four divisions in three ranks, 294.

Combinations of battle, 187. strategic, 72.

Combined use of the three arms, 203, 319, 320.

Commander, difficulty of selecting, 55. essential qualities for a, 55. importance of, 54.

Commander, first care of, on taking the field, 66. of artillery, duties of, 319.

Command of an army, best means of organizing, 59. of armies, 52.

Commissariat, connection of, with system of marches, 141. of Louis XIV. and Frederick II., 142. the, and strategy, 141.

Committee of Public Safety, 136.

Concave order of battle, 191.

Concentration of artillery-fire, 290. in retreat, advantages of, 238.

Concentric lines, 102. retreats, instances of, 238, 239. system, 126.

Concert of action, how secured, 259. in action, importance of, 42.

Conquest, difficulties of, in national wars, 31-34. wars for, instances of, 22.

Conrad III., Crusade of, 372.

Constantinople, expeditions against, by the Russians, 368. siege of, by the Crusaders, 373. siege of, by Mohammed II., 375.

Contempt for the enemy, 63.

Contravallation, lines of, 152.

Control of operations, 52.

Convergent operations, 126.

Converging lines more advantageous than divergent, 118.

Continuous intrenched lines, 213.

Control of the sea, importance of, in an invasion, 30.

Convex order of battle, 192.

Copenhagen, siege of, 384.

Cordon system, 165.

Corps, organization by, likely to be permanent, 287. organization of an army in four, 281. organization of an army in seven, 281. system of, 279. two, one behind the other, 285.

Cossacks, 272, 273, 313, 314.

Council of war at seat of government, 59.

Councils of war, value of, 58.

Counselors, authority of, 53.

Coup-d'oeil, strategic, 337-345.

Coups de main, 215. instances of, 216, 223.

Crécy, order of battle at, 192.

Crimea, details of the allied expedition to, 387-389.

Crimean War, 387.

Critical moment of battles, 203.

Crossing a river in presence of an enemy, 120.

Crotchet, parallel order of battle with, 189.

Crotchets, danger of, 182.

Crusade of 1203, 373.

Crusades, 25, 371-375.

Cuirass, 47, 308.

Cuirassiers, 308.

Culm, 221.

Cyprus, Turkish expedition against, 377.