CHAPTER I

.

THE STEAM-ENGINE AS A SIMPLE MACHINE. PAGE SECTION I.--THE PERIOD OF SPECULATION--FROM HERO TO WORCESTER, B. C. 200 TO A. D. 1650 1

Introduction--the Importance of the Steam-Engine, 1; Hero and his Treatise on Pneumatics, 4; Hero's Engines, B. C. 200, 8; William of Malmesbury on Steam, A. D. 1150, 10; Hieronymus Cardan on Steam and the Vacuum, 10; Malthesius on the Power of Steam, A. D. 1571, 10; Jacob Besson on the Generation of Steam, A. D. 1578, 11; Ramelli's Work on Machines, A. D. 1588, 11; Leonardo da Vinci on the Steam-Gun, 12; Blasco de Garay's Steamer, A. D. 1543, 12; Battista della Porta's Steam-Engine, A. D. 1601, 13; Florence Rivault on the Force of Steam, A. D. 1608, 15; Solomon de Caus's Apparatus, A. D. 1615, 16; Giovanni Branca's Steam-Engine, A. D. 1629, 16; David Ramseye's Inventions, A. D. 1630, 17; Bishop John Wilkins's Schemes, A. D. 1648, 18; Kircher's Apparatus, 19.

SECTION II.--THE PERIOD OF APPLICATION--WORCESTER, PAPIN, AND SAVERY 19

Edward Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, A. D. 1663, 19; Worcester's Steam Pumping-Engines, 21; Jean Hautefeuille's Alcohol and Gunpowder Engines, A. D. 1678, 24; Huyghens's Gunpowder-Engine, A. D. 1680, 25; Invention in Great Britain, 26; Sir Samuel Morland, A. D. 1683, 27; Thomas Savery and his Engine, A. D. 1698, 31; Desaguliers's Savery Engines, A. D. 1718, 41; Denys Papin and his Work, A. D. 1675, 45; Papin's Engines, A. D. 1685-1695, 50; Papin's Steam-Boilers, 51.

##