chapter iv

.—ED.]

[374] The Port Royal of De Monts was on the site of Lower Granby, while that of Poutrincourt was on that of Annapolis.

[375] [Champlain’s explorations along the coast of Maine are given by himself in his 1613 edition, and are specially set forth in Mr. Slafter’s memoir in _Voyages_, vol. i., and by General John M. Brown in his “Coasting Voyages in the Gulf of Maine, 1604-1606,” in the _Maine Historical Collections_, vol. vii.,—a paper which was also issued separately. Champlain’s account of Norumbega is also translated in the _Mag. of Amer. Hist_., i. 321, 332.—ED.]

[376] [De Costa, _Coast of Maine_ (1869), p. 182, claims that in one of these expeditions Champlain discovered the Isle of Shoals, antedating John Smith’s discovery. See also _Champlain’s Voyages_, Prince Society’s ed., ii. 69, 70, and notes 142 and 144.—ED.]

[377] [See Vol. III. chap. vi.—ED.]

[378] [See chaps. i. and ii. of the present volume.—ED.]

[379] [For the various theories regarding the origin of the name Quebec,—whether it is derived from a Norman title, as Hawkins maintained; or from an exclamation of the first beholders of the promontory, “Quel bec!” or from the Algonquin,—see Hawkins, _Picture of Quebec_; Brasseur de Bourbourg, _Histoire du Canada_; Ferland, _Histoire du Canada_; Garneau’s _Canada_, 4th ed., i. 57; Bell’s translation of Garneau’s _Canada_, i. 61; Warburton’s _Conquest of Canada_, i. 62; Shea’s edition of _Charlevoix_, i. 260.—ED.]

[380] [Charlevoix gives a map of Lake Champlain, illustrating Champlain’s campaign of this year against the Iroquois. Cf. Brodhead’s _New York_, i. 18, and P. S. Palmer’s _History of Lake Champlain_ (1866).—ED.]

[381] [It was while crossing one of these portages, “suffering more from the mosquitoes than their burdens,” that Champlain is supposed to have lost his astrolabe; and his Journal shows that his subsequent records of latitude in the journey failed of the general accuracy which characterized his earlier entries. At least an astrolabe, with an inscription of its Paris make, 1603, was dug up on this route in August, 1867. Cf. O. H. Marshall, in _Magazine of American History_ (March, 1879), iii. 179, and Alexander J. Russell’s _On Champlain’s Astrolabe_, Montreal, 1879; also Slafter’s edition of _Champlain’s Voyages_, iii. 64-66.—ED.]

[382] [The cellar of the Château St. Louis, the structure originally built by Champlain, still remains. The subsequent history of the pile is traced in Parkman’s _Old Régime_, p. 419. Cf. Le Moine’s _Picturesque Quebec_ (1882). Shea, in his _Le Clercq_, p. 115, has a note on Louis Hebert, the earliest settler of Quebec with a family, who died in 1627. An account is given of some bronze cannon, relics of Champlain’s time, in the Quebec Literary and Historical Society’s _Transactions_, ii. 198.—ED.]

[383] [The Treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, March 29, 1632, by which restorations were made to the French, will be found in _Recueil de Traités de Paix_, Leonard, Paris, 1692, vol. v. The contemporary quarto print of the treaty, printed at St. Germain, is of such rarity that Leclerc, _Bibliotheca Americana_, no. 794, prices a copy at five hundred francs. See Harrisse, no. 47, who refers for the causes of the long delay in making this restitution, to Le Clercq, _Établissement de la Foy_, i. 419; Faillon, _Hist. de la Col. Française_, i. 256. Compare also the notes in Shea’s _Charlevoix_, vol. ii. For the occupancy, see Harrisse, no. 48; also Mr. Slafter’s memoir in _Champlain’s Voyages_, i. 176, 177; and _Sir William Alexander and American Colonization_, Prince Society edition, pp. 66-72.

There are papers relating to the English claim to Canada urged at this time (1630-1632) among the Egerton manuscripts,—see _British Museum Catalogue_, no. 2,395, folios 20-26.—ED.]

[384] Cf. _Mass. Archives; Doc. Coll. in France_, i. 591.

[385] Vide _Champlain’s Voyages_, Prince Society’s edition, i. 189-193.

[386] [There has been some controversy of late years over the site of the “sépulcre particulier” in which Champlain was buried. Cf. Le Moine, _Quebec Past and Present_, 1876, p. 41, and references; _Découverte du Tombeau de Champlain_, par MM. les Abbés Laverdière et Casgrain, Quebec, 1866; _Le journal de Québec et le Tombeau de Champlain_, par Stanilas Drapeau, Quebec, 1867; Delayant, _Notice sur Champlain_, Niort, 1867; John Gilmary Shea, in _Historical Magazine_, xi. 64, 100, and in his _Charlevoix_, ii. 283.—ED.] For the latest view of the subject, see _Documents Inédits Relatifs au Tombeau de Champlain_, par l’Abbé H. R. Casgrain, _L’Opinion Publique_, Montreal, 4 Nov., 1875; also, note 116 in Mr. Slafter’s Memoir of Champlain, in vol. i. of the Prince Society edition of _Champlain’s Voyages_, pp. 185, 186.

[387] [The book is extremely rare. Field says a collector may pass a lifetime without seeing it. In 1870, when the Quebec edition of Champlain was issued, the editors got their text from a copy in the Bibliothèque Impériale at Paris, which they believed to be unique. There are, however, copies in Harvard College Library (lacking signature G) and in the Carter-Brown Library (_Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 25). The Lenox Library has a copy without date, which seems to be from different type, and shows some typographical changes. Cf. Harrisse, nos. 10 and 11; Brunet, _Supplément_, p. 241; Sabin, vol. iii. no. 11,834; Leclerc, _Bibliotheca Americana_ (1878, no. 694) showed a copy priced at 1,500 francs.

There is a translation of this 1604 book in Purchas’s _Pilgrimes_, part iv. A synopsis, “Navigation des François en la Nouvelle France dite Canada,” is given in the preface of the _Mercure François_, 1609, by Victor Palma Cayet (Harrisse, no. 395), which is found separately, with the title _Chronologie septenaire de l’Histoire de la Paix entre les Rois de France et d’Espagne_, 1598-1604, and of various dates,—1605, 1607, 1609, 1612 (_Carter-Brown Catalogue_, vol. ii. no. 32; Stevens, _Bibliotheca Historica_, 1870, no. 2,456).

A letter of Champlain to the King on the discovery of New France, and other documents, are included in L. Andiat’s _Brouage et Champlain (1578-1667), Documents inédits_, Paris, 1879. It is an “Extrait des Archives historiques de la Saintonge et de l’Aunis, t. vi. (1879); “seventy-five copies were printed.—ED.]

[388] [The text is more ample than was subsequently retained in the 1632 edition, while what appears in that edition after page 211 is not found in this 1613 edition. Some leaves, separately paged, contain _Quatriesme Voyage du Sr. de Champlain, fait en l’année 1613_. There are copies in the Harvard College, Carter-Brown (vol. ii. no. 147), Lenox, Cornell University (_Sparks Catalogue_, no. 498), New York State, New York Historical Society, and Massachusetts Historical Society libraries. Rich, in 1832, priced a copy at £1 12_s._; Dufossé of late years has held a copy, with the map in fac-simile, at 400 francs; cf. Harrisse, no. 27; Sabin, vol. iii. no. 11,835. Neither Brunet nor Harrisse recognize the edition of 1615 mentioned by Faribault.—ED.]

[389] [This map is further considered in its relation to the cartography of the period in the Editorial Note on the “Maps of the XVIIth Century,” which follows