CHAPTER XII

ISRAEL

The sacred literature--The people--Jehovah--The early ritual was simple--Contact with Canaanite religion--Danger of fusion--Religious conflict--The monarchy--Religion not centralised--The Prophets--The old religion national-- Criticism of the old religion by the prophets--Appearance of Universalism--Ethical monotheism--Individualism of the prophetic teaching--The reforms--Deuteronomy--Earlier codes-- The exile--The return; the reform of Ezra--Character of the later religion--Heathenish elements of Judaism--Spiritual elements--The Psalms--The Synagogue--The national hopes--The state after death . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179-216

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