Chapter I
; in particular, he seems not to have been acquainted with Nilsson’s _Studia de Dionysiis Atticis_—the most valuable contribution of recent years to discussions on the festivals. I have therefore allowed myself a fairly free hand in dealing with this topic. I am much indebted to Mr. W. H. Forbes of Balliol College for his kind criticisms on this part of my work.
The following are the principal writings which have been published since the last edition, and which I have been able to consult, besides those already named: E. Capps, papers in the _American Journal of Philology_, _American Journal of Archaeology_, and _Chicago Decennial Publications_, vol. vi; Miss Harrison, _Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion_; E. A. Gardner, _Ancient Athens_; Roberts and Gardner, _Greek Epigraphy_, vol. ii; Mazon, _Sur le Proagon_ (Rev. de Philologie, 1903); A. Müller, _Untersuchungen zu den Bühnenalterthümern_, and papers in _Philologus_ and _Berlin. Philolog. Wochenschrift_; Noack, _Das Proskenion in der Theaterfrage_ (Philologus, lviii); Exon, _A New Theory of the Eccyclema_ (Hermathena, xxvi); Dörpfeld, papers in _Hermes_ and _Athenische Mittheilungen_; Frei, _De certaminibus Thymelicis_; Hampel, _Was lehrt Aischylos’ Orestie für die Theaterfrage?_; Flickinger, _The meaning of ἐπὶ τῆς σκηνῆς in the Fourth Century B.C._; Engelmann, _Archäologische Studien zu den Tragikern_; P. Gardner, _The Scenery of the Greek Stage_ (J. Hell. Stud., 1899); Devrient, _Das Kind auf der antiken Bühne_; Dignan, _The Idle Actor in Aeschylus_; Völker, _Berühmte Schauspieler im griechischen Alterthum_; J. W. White, _An Unrecognized Actor in Greek Comedy_ (Harvard Stud. Class. Phil., 1906); Hense, _Die Modificirung der Maske in der griechischen Tragödie_; Körte, _Das Fortleben des Chors im griechischen Drama_ (Neue Jahrb. für Philol., 1900); Navarre, _Utrum Mulieres Athenienses scenicos ludos spectaverint_; Römer, _Über den litterarisch-aesthetischen Bildungsstand des attischen Theaterpublikums_; Foucart, _Le Culte de Dionysos en Attique_; besides the reviews of many of these works, and the introductions and notes to Starkie’s, Rogers’s, Sharpley’s, and van Leeuwen’s editions of a number of plays of Aristophanes, and various articles in Pauly-Wissowa, _Real-Encyclopädie_.
A. W. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE.
BALLIOL COLLEGE, _January, 1907_.
CONTENTS
PAGE
CHAP. I. DRAMATIC CONTESTS AT ATHENS 1
§ 1. General Character of the Contests 1
§ 2. Earliest history of Dramatic Competitions 5
§ 3. The City Dionysia 6
§ 4. Tragedy at the City Dionysia 10
§ 5. Comedy at the City Dionysia 20
§ 6. Order of Contests at the City Dionysia 23
§ 7. The Lenaea 24
§ 8. Rural Dionysia and Anthesteria 29
§ 9. The Judges 31
§ 10. The Prizes 38
§ 11. Contests between Actors 40
§ 12. Records of Dramatic Contests 44
CHAP. II. THE PREPARATION FOR THE CONTESTS 49
§ 1. The Poets 49
§ 2. The Choregi 53
§ 3. Selection of the Actors 57
§ 4. The Training of the Chorus 60
§ 5. The Expenses of the Choregia 63
§ 6. The Performances in the Theatre 67
§ 7. Reproduction of Old Plays 71
CHAP. III. THE THEATRE 78
§ 1. Introductory 78
§ 2. The old Wooden Theatres at Athens 80
§ 3. The Stone Theatre 86
§ 4. The Auditorium 90
§ 5. The Orchestra 101
§ 6. Ruins of the Stage-buildings at Athens 112
§ 7. The Earlier Stage-buildings 116
§ 8. The Later Stage-buildings of the pre-Roman period 120
§ 9. Puchstein’s Theory of the Stage-buildings 130
§ 10. The Stage-buildings in Roman Times 133
§ 11. Exceptional Stage-buildings 137
§ 12. Wieseler’s Theory of the Greek Stage 140
§ 13. Dörpfeld’s Theory of the Greek Stage 144
§ 14. Various Details 174
CHAP. IV. THE SCENERY 179
§ 1. General Character of the Scenery 179
§ 2. Mechanical Arrangements for the Scenery 186
§ 3. The Entrances to the Stage 188
§ 4. Changes of Scene 195
§ 5. Stage Properties, &c. 199
§ 6. The Ekkyklema 201
§ 7. The Mechane and Theologeion 209
§ 8. Other Mechanical Contrivances 217
CHAP. V. THE ACTORS 221
§ 1. Rise of the Actor’s Profession 221
§ 2. The distribution of the Parts among the Actors 230
§ 3. Extra Performers 234
§ 4. Costume of the Tragic Actors 237
§ 5. Costume of Satyric Actors 255
§ 6. Costume of Comic Actors 257
§ 7. Speech, Song, and Recitative 266
§ 8. Importance of the Voice in Greek Acting 272
§ 9. Style of Greek Acting 275
§ 10. The Actors’ Guild 278
§ 11. Social Position of Actors 281
§ 12. Celebrated Athenian Actors 282
CHAP. VI. THE CHORUS 285
§ 1. History of the Chorus 285
§ 2. Size of the Chorus 288
§ 3. Costume of the Chorus 290
§ 4. Arrangement of the Chorus 298
§ 5. The Delivery of the Choral Part 305
§ 6. The Dancing 311
§ 7. The Music 319
CHAP. VII. THE AUDIENCE 323
§ 1. Composition of the Audience 323
§ 2. Price of Admission 329
§ 3. The Distribution of the Seats 334
§ 4. Various Arrangements in connexion with the Audience 341
§ 5. Character of Attic Audiences 343
APPENDIX A. Arguments, &c., to Plays 349
APPENDIX B. Dramatic Inscriptions 352
APPENDIX C. The Original Place of the Lenaea 368
APPENDIX D. Inscriptions from Delos 379
GREEK INDEX 382
GENERAL INDEX 386
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG.
1. Theatre at Athens from the East _Frontispiece._
2. Theatre at Athens from the North to face p. 78
3. Ground-plan of Theatre at Athens page 91
4. Part of the auditorium in the theatre at Athens ” 95
5. Coin with view of the theatre at Athens ” 99
6. Ground-plan of the theatre at Epidaurus ” 104
7. Theatre at Epidaurus from the North-East to face p. 104
8. Gates in the theatre at Epidaurus page 111
8 A. Diagram of pillars, &c., of proscenia ” 122
9. Part of the hyposkenion in the theatre at Epidaurus ” 124
10. Front of the stage-buildings at Aspendos ” 134
11. Ground-plan of the theatre at Megalopolis ” 138
12. Ground-plan of the theatre at Delos ” 139
13. Scene from a Comedy of the Phlyakes ” 155
14. Scene from a Comedy of the Phlyakes ” 156
14 A. Diagram of the Ekkyklema, according to Exon ” 206
15. Relief with three tragic actors ” 241
16. Statuette of tragic actor ” 243
17. Tragic masks ” 246
18. Tragic masks ” 247
19. Scene from a tragedy, showing the size of the cothurni ” 249
20. Tragic scene ” 253
21. Tragic scene ” 253
22. Actors in a satyric drama ” 255
23. Actors in the Old Comedy ” 257
24. Two statuettes of actors in the Old Comedy ” 258
25. Masks of the New Comedy ” 264
26. Masks of the New Comedy ” 264
27. Scene from the New Comedy ” 265
28. Members of a satyric chorus ” 292
29. Members of a satyric chorus ” 293
30. A chorus of Birds ” 297
31. Diagram illustrating the entrance of the chorus ” 299
32. Lead admission-coin ” 332
33. Ivory admission-coin ” 333
34. Bronze admission-coin ” 334
35. Throne of the priest of Dionysus ” 338
THE ATTIC THEATRE
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