Part 1
# Northern Nut Growers Association, Report of the Proceedings at the Seventh Annual Meeting: Washington, D. C. September 8 and 9, 1916. ### By Unknown
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+------------------------------------------------------------------------+ |DISCLAIMER | | | |The articles published in the Annual Reports of the Northern Nut Growers| |Association are the findings and thoughts solely of the authors and are | |not to be construed as an endorsement by the Northern Nut Growers | |Association, its board of directors, or its members. No endorsement is | |intended for products mentioned, nor is criticism meant for products not| |mentioned. The laws and recommendations for pesticide application may | |have changed since the articles were written. It is always the pesticide| |applicator's responsibility, by law, to read and follow all current | |label directions for the specific pesticide being used. The discussion | |of specific nut tree cultivars and of specific techniques to grow nut | |trees that might have been successful in one area and at a particular | |time is not a guarantee that similar results will occur elsewhere. | +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING
WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER 8 AND 9, 1916.
PRESS OF The Advertiser-republican, ANNAPOLIS, MD.
CONTENTS
PAGE
Officers and Committees of the Association 4 Members of the Association 5
Constitution and By-Laws 10
Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting 13
Report of the Secretary-Treasurer 14
Notes on the Chinquapins, Dr. Robert T. Morris, New York 15
The Black Walnut, T. P. Littlepage, Washington, D. C. 25
Discussion on the Almond 33
Discussion on the Hazel 37
The Chestnut Bark Disease, Dr. Haven Metcalf, Washington, D. C. 41
Discussion on Quarantine for Chestnut Nursery Stock 49
Hybrids and Other New Chestnuts for Blight Districts, Dr. Walter Van Fleet, Washington, D. C. 54
President's Address, Dr. J. Russell Smith, Roundhill, Va. 58
Diseases of the Persian Walnut, S. M. McMurran, Washington, D. C. 67
Discussion on Winter Killing 72
Address of Col. C. A. Van Duzee, Cairo, Georgia 75
Resolutions on Chestnut Blight Quarantine 80
Resolution on Investigations in Nut Tree Propagation 84
Discussion on the Growth and Fruiting of Pecans in the North 86
Top Working Pecans on Other Hickories 91
Appendix:
Letter from W. C. Reed, Vice-President 98
The Food Value of Nuts, Dr. J. H. Kellogg, Battle Creek, Mich. 101
Letter from J. C. Cooper, McMinnville, Oregon 114
List of those present at the meeting 117
OFFICERS OF THE ASSOCIATION
_President_ W. C. REED Vincennes, Indiana _Vice-President_ W. N. HUTT Raleigh, North Carolina _Secretary and Treasurer_ W. C. DEMING Georgetown, Connecticut
COMMITTEES
_Auditing_--C. P. CLOSE, C. A. REED _Executive_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, J. RUSSELL SMITH AND THE OFFICERS _Finance_--T. P. LITTLEPAGE, WILLARD G. BIXBY, W. C. DEMING _Hybrids_--R. T. MORRIS, C. P. CLOSE, W. C. DEMING, J. G. RUSH _Membership_--HARRY R. WEBER, R. T. OLCOTT, F. N. FAGAN, W. O. POTTER, W. C. DEMING, WENDELL P. WILLIAMS, J. RUSSELL SMITH _Nomenclature_--C. A. REED, R. T. MORRIS, R. L. MCCOY, J. F. JONES _Press and Publication_--RALPH T. OLCOTT, J. RUSSELL SMITH, W. C. DEMING _Programme_--W. C. DEMING, J. RUSSELL SMITH, C. A. REED, W. N. HUTT, R. T. MORRIS _Promising Seedlings_--C. A. REED, J. F. JONES, PAUL WHITE
STATE VICE-PRESIDENTS
California T. C. Tucker 311 California St., San Francisco Canada G. H. Corsan 63 Avenue Road, Toronto Connecticut Charles H. Plump West Redding Delaware E. R. Angst 527 Dupont Building, Wilmington Georgia J. B. Wight Cairo Illinois H. A. Riehl Alton Indiana J. F. Wilkinson Rockport Iowa Wendell P. Williams Danville Kentucky A. L. Moseley Calhoun Maryland C. P. Close College Park Massachusetts James II. Bowditch 903 Tremont Building, Boston Michigan. Miss Maude M. Jessup 440 Thomas St., Grand Rapids Minnesota L. L. Powers 1018 Hudson Ave., St. Paul Missouri P. C. Stark Louisiana New Jersey C. S. Ridgway Lumberton New York M. E. Wile 37 Calumet St., Rochester North Carolina W. N. Hutt Raleigh Ohio Harry R. Weber 601 Gerke Building, Cincinnati Pennsylvania J. G. Rush West Willow Texas R. S. Trumbull M. S. R. R. Co., El Paso Virginia John S. Parish Eastham Washington A. E. Baldwin Kettle Falls West Virginia B. F. Hartzell Shepherdstown
MEMBERS OF THE NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION
CALIFORNIA Dawson, L. H., Llano Johnson, Chet, R. D. 1, Biggs Tucker, T. C., Manager California Almond Growers' Exchange, 311 California St., San Francisco
CANADA Corsan, G. H., University of Toronto Dufresne, Dr. A. A., 1872 Cartier St., Montreal Sager, Dr. D. S., Brantford
CONNECTICUT Barnes, John R., Yalesville Deming, Dr. W. C., Georgetown Deming, Mrs. W. C., Georgetown. Goodwin, James L., Box 447, Hartford Hungerford, Newman, Torrington, R. 2, Box 76, for circulars, Box 1082, Hartford, for letters Ives, Ernest M., Sterling Orchards, Meriden Lay, Charles Downing, Wellesmere, Stratford Lewis, Henry Leroy, Stratford Mikkelsen, Mrs. M. A., Georgetown *Morris, Dr. Robert T., Cos Cob, R. 28, Box 95 Plump, Charles II., West Redding Sessions, Albert L., Bristol Staunton, Gray, R. D. 30, Stamford White, Gerrard, North Granby Williams, W. W., Milldale
DELAWARE Augst, E. R., 527 DuPont Building, Wilmington, Del. Lord, George Frank, care of DuPont Powder Company, Wilmington
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Close, Prof. C. P., Pomologist, Department of Agriculture, Washington Goddard, R. H., States' Relations Service, Washington *Littlepage, T. P., Union Trust Building, Washington Reed, C. A., Nut Culturist, Department of Agriculture, Washington
GEORGIA Bullard, Wm. P., Albany Van Duzee, C. A., Judson Orchard Farm, Cairo Wight, J. B., Cairo
ILLINOIS Casper, O. II., Anna Poll, Carl J, 1009 Maple St., Danville Potter, Hon. W. O., Marion Riehl, E. A., Alton
INDIANA Hutchings, Miss Lida G., 118 Third St., Madison Lukens, Mrs. B., Anderson Reed, M. P., Vincennes Reed, W. C, Vincennes Wilkinson, J. F., Rockport Woolbright, Clarence, R. D. 3, Elnora
IOWA Snyder, D. C., Center Point Williams, Wendell P., Danville
KENTUCKY Matthews, Prof. C. W., Horticulturist, State Agricultural Station, Lexington Moseley, A. L., Bank of Calhoun, Calhoun
MARYLAND Campbell, George D., Lonaconing Darby, R. U., Suite 804, Continental Building, Baltimore Hayden, Chas. S., 200 E. Lexington St., Baltimore Keenan, Dr. John N., Brentwood King, W. J., 232 Prince George St., Annapolis Kyner, James H., Bladensburg Littlepage, Miss Louise, Bowie Murray, Miss Annie C., Cumberstone Stabler, Henry, Hancock White, Paul, Bowie
MASSACHUSETTS *Bowditch, James II., 903 Tremont Building, Boston Cleaver, C. Leroy, Hingham Center Cole, Mrs. George B., 15 Mystic Ave., Winchester Hoffman, Bernhard, Overbrook Orchard, Stockbridge Smith, Fred A., 39 Pine St., Danvers Vaughan, Horace A., Peacehaven, Assonet White, Warren, Holliston
MICHIGAN Copland, Alexander W., Strawberry Hill Farm, Birmingham Jessup, Miss Maud M., 440 Thomas St., Grand Rapids Johnson, Franklin, Munising Kellogg, J. H., Battle Creek Staunton, Gray, Muskegon, Box 233
MINNESOTA Powers, L. L., 1018 Hudson Ave., St. Paul
MISSOURI Bauman, X. C., Ste. Genevieve Darche, J. H., Parkville Funston, E. S., 1521 Morgan St., St. Louis Phelps, Howe, Pine Hurst Dairy, Carthage Stark, P. C., Louisiana (Mo.)
NEBRASKA Kurtz, John W., 5304 Bedford St., Omaha
NEW JERSEY Black, Walter C., of Jos. H. Black, Son & Co., Hightstown Childs, Fred., Morristown, R. D. 2 Jaques, Lee W., 74 Waverly St., Jersey City Heights Lovett, J. T., Little Silver Marston, Edwin S., Florham Park, Box 72 Mechling, Edward A., Wonderland Farm, Moorestown Ridgeway, C. S. Floralia, Lumberton, N. J. Roberts, Horace, Moorestown Young, Frederick C., Palmyra, Box 335
NEW YORK Abbott, Frederick B., 419 Ninth St., Brooklyn Atwater, C. G., The Barrett Co., 17 Battery Place, New York City Baker, Dr. Hugh P., Dean of State College of Forestry, Syracuse Baker, Prof. J. Fred, Director of Forest Investigations, State College of Forestry, Syracuse Baker, Wm. A., North Rose Bixby, Willard G., 46th St. and 2nd Ave., Brooklyn Brown, Ronald J., 320 Broadway, New York City Ellwanger, Mrs. W. D., 510 East Ave., Rochester Fullerton, H. B., Director Long Island Railroad Experiment Station, Medford, L. I. Haywood, Albert, Flushing Hickox, Ralph, 3832 White Plains Ave., New York City Holden, E. B., Hilton *Huntington, A. M., 15 W. 81st St., New York City Jackson, Dr. James H., Dansville Loomis, C. B., East Greenbush Miller, Milton R., Batavia, Box 394 Morse, Geo. A., Fruit Acres, Williamson, N. Y. Nelson, Dr. James Robert, 23 Main St., Kingston-on-Hudson Olcott, Ralph T., Ellwanger & Barry Building, Rochester Palmer, A. C., New York Military Academy, Cornwall-on-Hudson Pannell, W. B., Pittsford Pomeroy, A. C., Lockport Rice, Mrs. Lillian McKee, Adelano, Pawling Simmons, A. L., State Highway Department, Albany Stuart, C. W., Newark Teele, A. W., 30 Broad St., New York City Teter, Walter C., 10 Wall St., New York City Thomson, Adelbert, East Avon Tuckerman, Bayard, 118 E. 37th St., New York City Ulman, Dr. Ira, 213 W. 147th St., New York City Wile, M. E., 37 Calumet St., Rochester Williams, Dr. Charles Mallory, 48 E. 49th St., New York City *Wissman, Mrs. F. de R., Westchester, New York City
NORTH CAROLINA Glover, J. Wheeler, Morehead City Hutt, Prof. W. N., State Horticulturist, Raleigh Van Lindley, J., J. Van Lindley Nursery Company, Pomona Whitfield, Dr. Wm. Cobb, Grifton
OHIO Dayton, J. H., Storrs & Harrison Company, Painesville Evans, Miss Myrta L., Briallen Farm, Oak Hill, Jackson County Miller, H. A., Gypsum Thorne, Charles E., Wooster, Agric. Exp. Sta. Weber, Harry E., 601 Gerke Building, Cincinnati Yunck, E. G., 710 Central Ave., Sandusky
PENNSYLVANIA Druckemiller, W. C., Sunbury Fagan, Prof. P. N., Department of Horticulture, State College Grubbs, H. L., Fairview, R. 1 Hall, Robt. W., 133 Church St., Bethlehem Harshman, U. W., Waynesboro Heffner, H., Highland Chestnut Grove, Leeper Hile, Anthony, Curwensville National Bank, Curwensville Hoopes, Wilmer W., Hoopes Brothers and Thomas Company, Westchester Hutchinson, Mahlon, Ashwood Farm, Devon, Chester County Jenkins, Charles Francis, Farm Journal, Philadelphia *Jones, J. P., Lancaster, Box 527 Kaufman, M. M., Clarion Leas, F. C., 882 Drexel Building, Philadelphia, Mountain Brook Orchard Company, Salem, Va. Middleton, Fenton H., 1118 Chestnut St., Philadelphia Murphy, P. J., Vice-President L. & W. R. R. R. Company, Scranton O'Neill, Wm. C., 1328 Walnut St., Philadelphia Rheam, J. F., 45 N. Walnut St., Lewistown Rick, John, 438 Pennsylvania Sq., Reading Rife, Jacob A., Camp Hill Rush, J. G., West Willow *Sober, Col. C. K., Lewisburg Thomas, Joseph W., Jos. W. Thomas & Sons, King of Prussia P. O. Weaver, Wm. S., McCungie Webster, Mrs. Edmund, 1324 S. Broad St., Philadelphia *Wister, John C, Wister St. and Clarkson Ave., Germantown Wright, R. P., 235 W. 6th St., Erie
SOUTH CAROLINA Shanklin, Prof. A. G., Clemson College
TENNESSEE Marr, Thomas S., 701 Stahlman Building, Nashville
TEXAS Burkett, J. H., Nut Specialist, State Dept, of Agric., Clyde Trumbull, R. S., Agricultural Agent, El Paso & S. W. System, Morenci Southern Railroad Company, El Paso
VIRGINIA Crockett, E. B., Monroe Engleby, Thos. L., 1002 Patterson Ave., Roanoke Lee, Lawrence R., Leesburg Miller, L. O., Miller & Rhodes, Richmond Parish, John S., Eastham, Albemarle County Shackford, Theodore B., care of Adams Brothers-Paynes Company, Lynchburg Smith, Dr. J. Russell, Roundhill
WASHINGTON Baldwin, Dr. A. E., Kettle Falls Rogers, Dr. Albert, Okanogan
WEST VIRGINIA Hartzell, B. F., Shepherdstown
* Life member.
CONSTITUTION
ARTICLE I
_Name._ This society shall be known as the NORTHERN NUT GROWERS ASSOCIATION.
ARTICLE II
_Object._ Its object shall be the promotion of interest in nut-bearing plants, their products and their culture.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ Membership in the society shall be open to all persons who desire to further nut culture, without reference to place of residence or nationality, subject to the rules and regulations of the committee on membership.
ARTICLE IV
_Officers._ There shall be a president, a vice-president and a secretary-treasurer, who shall be elected by ballot at the annual meeting; and an executive committee of five persons, of which the president, two last retiring presidents, vice-president and secretary-treasurer shall be members. There shall be a state vice-president from each state, dependency or country represented in the membership of the association, who shall be appointed by the president.
ARTICLE V
_Election of Officers._ A committee of five members shall be elected at the annual meeting for the purpose of nominating officers for the following year.
ARTICLE VI
_Meetings._ The place and time of the annual meeting shall be selected by the membership in session or, in the event of no selection being made at this time, the executive committee shall choose the place and time for the holding of the annual convention. Such other meetings as may seem desirable may be called by the president and executive committee.
ARTICLE VII
_Quorum._ Ten members of the association shall constitute a quorum, but must include a majority of the executive committee or two of the three elected officers.
ARTICLE VIII
_Amendments._ This constitution may be amended by a two-thirds vote of the members present at any annual meeting, notice of such amendment having been read at the previous annual meeting, or a copy of the proposed amendment having been mailed by any member to each member thirty days before the date of the annual meeting.
BY-LAWS
ARTICLE I
_Committees._ The association shall appoint standing committees as follows: On membership, on finance, on programme, on press and publication, on nomenclature, on promising seedlings, on hybrids, and an auditing committee. The committee on membership may make recommendations to the association as to the discipline or expulsion of any member.
ARTICLE II
_Fees._ The fees shall be of two kinds, annual and life. The former shall be two dollars, the latter twenty dollars.
ARTICLE III
_Membership._ All annual memberships shall begin with the first day of the calendar quarter following the date of joining the association.
ARTICLE IV
_Amendments._ By-laws may be amended by a two-thirds vote of members present at any annual meeting.
Northern Nut Growers Association
SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING
SEPTEMBER 8 AND 9, 1916
WASHINGTON, D. C.
The seventh annual meeting of the Northern Nut Growers Association was called to order in rooms 42-43 of the new building of the National Museum at Washington, D. C., on Friday, September 8th, at 10 a. m., the president, Dr. J. Russell Smith, presiding.
THE PRESIDENT: It is often customary to start meetings of this sort with a considerable amount of eloquence, such as an address of welcome by some high city or state official, a response to the address of welcome by some one else high in authority, and so on, during which the visitors are told of the many privileges they may enjoy, "the keys of the town" are handed over to them, and a good deal of high-flown oratory is indulged in. We suppose that the people in attendance at this meeting are so well acquainted with Washington that those preliminaries are unnecessary, and I have been informed by the members of the local committee that we can dispense with the frills in this case and proceed with the business of the meeting, which we think is going to rather crowd our time if we get said all that we want to say. We are going to devote this morning's programme first to a paper by Dr. Robert T. Morris on the chinquapin, and then to the discussion of a comparatively newly considered member of our nut family, namely, the American black walnut. We have been heretofore much interested in sundry exotics and talking far too little about this great tree nearer home.
Before taking up the technical programme we have a few matters of business to put through. First, we will have the report of the secretary and treasurer.
REPORT OF THE SECRETARY-TREASURER
Balance on hand date of last report $ 140.24 Receipts: Dues 292.75 Advertisements 21.00 Contributions 5.50 Sale of report 34.75 Contributions for prizes 10.00 Miscellaneous .65 ------- $504.89
Expenses: Printing report $ 142.56 Envelopes for report 9.00 Miscellaneous printing 32.50 Postage and stationery 49.26 Stenographer 26.35 Express and freight 2.77 Prizes 18.00 Checks, J. R. S. expenses and circulars 180.00 Lantern operator 3.00 Litchfield Savings Society 20.00 ------- $483.44 ------- Balance on hand $21.45
Receipts from all sources, except sale of reports, have fallen off markedly, as have new members, 31 less than last year, though we have now 154 paid up members, one more than last year. 10 members have resigned and 42 have been dropped for non-payment of dues. We have lost one member by death, Herbert R. Orr, of Washington.
The committees on membership and on finance should be more active.
Our annual report constitutes the minutes of the last meeting. Our nut contest and other matters of interest have been reported through the columns of the American Nut Journal, our official organ.
[Accepted.]
THE PRESIDENT: Next in order of business is the first step toward the election of officers for the ensuing year. It is our custom to have a nominating committee elected at an early session. They deliberate and bring forward a slate which is voted on at a later session. This morning is a suitable time for the election of a committee, and tomorrow morning will be a suitable time for their report. Are there any nominations for the Nominating Committee?
MR. M. P. REED: Mr. President, I move that Dr. Morris, Mr. C. P. Close, Mr. C. A. Reed, Prof. Stabler and Dr. Ira Ulman be appointed as the Nominating Committee.
THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other nominations?
MR. C. A. REED: Mr. President, I would like to ask that Mr. Littlepage's name replace my name on that committee.
THE PRESIDENT: Will the nominating member accept that amendment?
MR. M. P. REED: Yes, sir.
THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other nominations? Do I hear a second to the nominations?
A MEMBER: Second it.
[Carried.]
THE PRESIDENT: Are there any other committees to report at this time?
THE SECRETARY: There is a Committee on Incorporation.
MR. T. P. LITTLEPAGE: Mr. President, the Committee on Incorporation has done some investigating as to the desirability of incorporating the Association, and also, if desirable, under what laws, but that committee has not yet made any final report nor come to any final conclusion, and I would suggest, as a member of the committee, that the committee be continued and instructed to report the following year.
THE PRESIDENT: I think that it is unnecessary to vote on the continuance of the committee, as it was appointed with indefinite tenure. We will proceed with the programme and first have the pleasure of listening to Dr. Morris.
NOTES ON THE CHINQUAPINS.
DR. ROBERT T. MORRIS, NEW YORK
According to Sargent the chinquapin (_Castanea pumila_) occupies dry sandy ridges, rich hillsides and the borders of swamps from southern Pennsylvania to northern Florida and the valley of the Neches River in Texas. He states that this chestnut is usually shrubby in the region east of the Alleghany Mountains, and assuming the tree form west of the Mississippi River. Most abundant and of largest size in southern Arkansas and eastern Texas.
Curiously enough there are chinquapins also in northeastern Asia which occur as understudies of the larger chestnuts, very much as they do in America.
The indigenous range of the chinquapin in America is limited northward by a plan of nature for checking distribution of the species. This plan is manifested in a habit which the nuts have of sprouting immediately upon falling in the early autumn. They proceed busily to make a tap root which may become several inches in length before frost calls a halt. In the north where the warm season is not long enough to allow the autumn sprout to lignify sufficiently for bearing the rigors of winter it is killed. If we protect the small autumn plants, or if we transplant older seedlings from their natural habitat, they may be grown easily far north of their indigenous range. Thrifty chinquapins are happy in the Arnold Arboretum at Jamaica Plain in Massachusetts, and no one knows but they might be cultivated in Nova Scotia and Minnesota.
The American chinquapin is one of the many beautiful and valuable plants which have not as yet been taken up by horticulturists for extensive development. It promises to become one of our important sources of food supply for tomorrow. If we were to develop all of our plant resources at once it would be an unkindness to the horticulturists of two thousand years from now, who would be left moping around with nothing to do. Chinquapin nuts borne in heavy profusion by the plants are delicious in quality, but usually too small to attract customers aside from the wood folk. The wood of the chinquapin of tree form (_C. pumila var. arboriformis_) is valuable for purposes to which wood of the common American chestnut is put, and some of the tree chinquapins acquire an earned increment of two or three feet diameter of trunk, and a height of more than fifty feet. The bush chinquapin on the other hand feels rather exclusive when attaining a height of as much as fifteen feet.
I present for inspection a freshly cut branch from an ordinary bush chinquapin, loaded with burs, indicating the prolific nature of the variety. The nuts in this particular specimen are small. The next branch exhibited is from a similar bush, but with nuts quite as large as those of the average common chestnut. The horticulturist has only to graft or bud his ordinary run of chinquapin stocks from some one bush which bears large nuts, and he will then have a valuable graded market product. The larger the nut the less prolific the plant is a rule which holds good with the fruiting of almost any plant.
Look at this branch from a tree chinquapin. It is not remarkable in any way, but the leaves seem to be a little larger than those of the bush chinquapin. My tree chinquapins came from Stark's nursery in Missouri. The first two which came into bearing had nuts quite as large as those of the common chestnut and I imagined that a discovery of value had been made, but other trees of this variety later bore very small nuts, and all of the tree chinquapin nuts, large and small, were much duller in color than those of the bush chinquapin. My final conclusion is that so far as nuts alone are concerned we may plant and cultivate either the tree variety or the bush variety of the species and then bud or graft any number of stocks from some one plant which bears the best product.
DR. AUGUSTUS STABLER: Is it a somewhat finer grained wood than the ordinary chestnut?
DR. MORRIS: I think it is. All the chestnuts have rather coarse wood. It is strong, hard, durable, and valuable. This chinquapin wood is somewhat coarse grained, but, for comparison with the American chestnut, I don't know. I imagine it is finer grained.
DR. AUGUSTUS STABLER: I know that the chinquapin wood is very much tougher than the American chestnut.
DR. MORRIS: Oh, yes. You cannot break the branches so easily.
Here is a branch from a hybrid between a chinquapin and a common American chestnut (_Castanea dentata_). The leaves and bark, you will observe, are very much like those of the larger parent. The burs are borne singly or in small groups like those of the common chestnut, instead of being crowded in dense clusters like chinquapin burs. There are two or three nuts to the bur, while the chinquapin has normally, but one nut to the bur. This particular hybrid tree showed an interesting peculiarity. During the first two seasons of bearing it had but one nut to the bur, and this was of chinquapin character. In the third year its nuts were still borne singly, but they were lighter in color than before and oddly corrugated at the base. As the tree became older its chestnut parentage influence pre-dominated, and the tree began to bear two or three nuts to the bur, and more like chestnuts in character, becoming smooth again at the base.