CHAPTER IV.

ITALY.

Italian Art.--Whence Derived.--Greece and Persia.--Divisions.--Ancient Roman and Etruscan.--Etruria and Greece.--Questions Resulting from Discoveries at Vulci.--Early Connection between Etruria and Greece.--Etruscan Art an Offshoot of Greek.--Examples.--Best of Black Paste.--Why Etruscan Art Declined.--Rome.--Nothing Original.--Its Debt to Etruria and Greece.--Decline of its Art.--Unglazed Pottery and its Divisions.--Glazed Pottery.--Samian Ware.--Aretine.--Terra-cotta.--After Rome fell.--The Renaissance.--Saracenic Influences.--Crusades.--Conquest of Majorca.--Tin Enamel and Metallic Lustre.--Bacini at Pisa.--Lead Glaze.--Majolica Made at Pesaro.--Sgraffiati.--Luca della Robbia.--Sketch of his Life.--His Alleged Discovery.--What he really Accomplished.--Where he Acquired the Secret of Enamel.--His Works.--Bas-Reliefs.--Paintings on the Flat.--His Successors.--Recapitulation of Beginnings of Italian Majolica.--Chaffagiolo.--Siena.--Florence.--Pisa.--Pesaro.--Castel-Durante. --Urbino.--Gubbio and Maestro Giorgio.--Faenza.--Forli, Rimini, and Ravenna.--Venice.--Ferrara.--Deruta.--Naples.--Shape and Color.--Modern Italy.--PORCELAIN: Florence and Earliest Artificial Porcelain.--Theory of Japanese Teaching.--La Doccia.--Venice, and the Question of its First Making European Porcelain.--Le Nove.--Capo di Monte.....240