Part 1

ΔΙΔΑΧΗ

ΤΩΝ

ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

Teaching of The Twelve Apostles.

Recently discovered and published by Philotheos Bryennios, Metropolitan of Nicomedia. Edited with a Translation, Introduction and Notes,

by

Roswell D. Hitchcock and Francis Brown,

Professor in Union theological Seminary, New York.

New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 1884.

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Introduction

In 1875 Philotheos Bryennois, then Metropolitan of Serrae (now Serres), in ancient Mesopotamia, published the two Epistles of Clement of Rome, from a manuscript discovered by him in the Library of the Most Holy Sepulchre in Fanar of Constantinople. The last six chapters (60-65) of the First Epistle, and the last eight sections (13-20) of the so-called Second Epistle, had never been published before. The date of the manuscript is 1056 a.d. As described by the finder, “it is an octavo volume, written on parchment, in cursive characters, and consists of 120 leaves.” First comes Chrysostom’ Synopsis of the Books of the Old and New Testament; then the Epistle of Barnabas; then the two Epistles of Clement; then the Teaching of the Twelve Apostles; then the Epistle of Mary of Cassobelae to Ignatius; followed by eight Epistles of Ignatius (the current seven, besides one to the Virgin Mary).

The “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” Διδαχὴ τῶν δώδεκα Ἀποστόλων, occupies leaves 76-80 of the manuscript. It now seems strange to us that the document thus announced attracted so little attention. This same Bryennious, now Metropolitan of Nicomedia, in Asia Minor, has again surprised the literary world by publishing, with an abundance of learned illustration, this long-lost document. It is printed in Constantinople, and the date of publication is 1883. The genuineness of the document can hardly be doubted. It is cited by Clement of Alexandria in his First Stroma; by Eusebius, who speaks of it (Hist. iii. 25) as τῶν Ἀποστόλων αἱ λεγόμεναι διδαχαί; and by Athanasius in his 39th Festal Epistle. Bickell and Gebhardt had recently argued that there must have been some such document underlying both the Seventh Book of the Apostolic Constitutions and the Apostolic Epitome. In 1882 Kravutzky undertook, from these sources, to recover and reconstruct the embedded earlier and simpler document; and with a success of the most pronounced and brilliant character, as now tested by the work just published.

This document belongs undoubtedly to the second century; possibly as far back as 120 a.d., hardly later than 160 a.d. The whole tone of it is archaic. It contradicts nothing belonging to that age; corroborates some things which may henceforth be more strongly emphasized; and adds some things for which we may well be very profoundly grateful.

The present editors are happy to be able to put this “Teaching of the Twelve Apostles,” so vpromptly before the American public. The text has been carefully edited. The translation will be found to be studiously literal. A few notes have been added, which, it is hoped, may be of service both to the students and to general readers.

Roswell D. Hitchcock. Francis Brown.

Union Theological Seminary, New York City, March 20, 1884

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ΔΙΔΑΧΗ ΤΩΝ ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

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ΔΙΔΑΧΗ ΤΩΝ ΔΩΔΕΚΑ ΑΠΟΣΤΟΛΩΝ.

1 Διδαχὴ Κυρίου διὰ τῶν δώδεκα ἀποστόλων τοῖς ἔθνεσιν.

Κεφ. α΄.

Ὁδοὶ δύο εἰσί, μία τῆς ζωῆς καὶ μία θανά- του, διαφορὰ δὲ πολλὴ μεταξὺ τῶν δύο ὁδῶν. 5 Ἡ μὲν οὖν ὁδὸς τῆς ζωῆς ἐστιν αὕτη· πρῶτον, ἀγαπήσεις τὸν Θεὸν τὸν ποιήσαντά σε· δεὺτε- ρον, τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν· πάντα δὲ ὅσα ἐὰν θελήσῃς μὴ γίνεσθαί σοι, καὶ σὺ ἄλλῳ μὴ ποίει. Τούτων δὲ τῶν λόγων ἡ διδαχή ἐστιν 10 αὕτη· Εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμῖν καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐχθρῶν ὑμῶν, νηστεύετε δὲ ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς· ποία γὰρ χάρις, ἐὰν ἀγαπᾶτε τοῦς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς; οὐχὶ καὶ τὰ ἔθνη τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν; ὑμεὶς δὲ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς 15 μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς καὶ οὐχ ἕξετε ἐχθρόν. Ἀπέχου τῶν σαρκικῶν καὶ κοσμικῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν. Ἐάν τις σοι δῷ ῥάπισμα εἰς τὴν δεξιὰν σιαγόνα, στρέψον αὐτῷ καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, καὶ ἔσῃ τέλειος· ἐὰν ἀγγαρεύσῃ σέ τις μίλιον ἕν, ὕπαγε μετ᾿ αύ- 20 τοῦ δύο· ἐὰν ἄρῃ τις τὸ ἱμάτιόν σου, δὸς αὐτῷ καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα· ἐὰν λάβῃ τις ἀπὸ σοῦ τὸ σόν, μὴ ἀπαίτει· οὐδὲ γὰρ δύνασαι. Παντὶ τῷ αἰ- τοῦντί σε δίδου καὶ μὴ ἀπαίτει· πᾶσι γὰρ θέλει δίδοσθαι ὁ πατὴρ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων χαρισμάτων. 25 Μακάριος ὁ διδοὺς κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν· ἀθῶος γὰρ ἐστιν· οὐαὶ τῷ λαμβάνοντι· εἰ μὲν γὰρ χρείαν ἔχων λαμβάνει τις, ἀθῶος ἔσται· ὁ δὲ μὴ χρείαν ἔχων δώσει δίκνη, ἱνατί ἔλαβε καὶ είς τί, ἐν συνοχῇ δὲ γενόμενος ἐξετασθήσεται περὶ 30 ὥν ἔπραξε, καὶ ούκ ἐξελεύσεται ἐκεῖθεν μέχρις οὗ ἀποδῷ τὸν ἔσχατον κοδράντην. Ἀλλὰ καὶ περὶ τούτου δὴ εἴρηται· Ἱδρωσάτω ἡ ἐλεημοσύ- νη σου εἰς τὰς χεῖράς σου, μέχρις ἅν γνῷς τίνι δῳς.

Κεφ. β΄.

35 Δευτέρα δὲ έντολὴ τῆς διδαχῆς Οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ παιδοφθορήσεις, οὐ πορνεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ μαγεύσεις, οὐ φαρμακεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις τέκνον ἐν φθορᾷ οὐδὲ γεννηθὲν ἀπο- κτενεῖς. Οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις τὰ τοῦ πλησίον, 40 οὐκ ἐπιορκήσεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, οὐ κακο- λογήσεις, οὐ μνησικακήσεις. Οὐκ ἔσῃ διγνώμων οὐδὲ δίγλωσσος· παγὶς γὰρ θανάτου ἡ διγλωσ- σία. Οὐκ ἔσται ὁ λόγος σου ψευδἠς, οὐ κενός, ἀλλὰ μεμεστωμένος πράξει. Οὐκ ἔσῃ πλεονέκ- 45 της οὐδὲ ἅρπαξ οὐδὲ ὑποκριτὴς οὐδὲ κακοήθης οὐδὲ ὑπερήφανος. Οὐ λήψῃ βουλὴν πονηρὰν κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου. Οὐ μισήσεις πάντα ἄν- θρωπον, ἀλλὰ οὓς μὲν ἐλέγξεις, περὶ δὲ ὧν προσ- εύξῃ, οὓς δὲ άγαπήσεις ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν σου.

Κεφ. γ΄.

50 Τέκνον μου, φεῦγε ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ ἀπὸ παντὸς ὁμοίου αὐτοῦ· Μὴ γίνου ὀργίλος· ὁδηγεῖ γὰρ ἡ ὀργὴ πρὸς τὸν φόνον· μηδὲ ζηλω- τὴς μηδὲ ἐριστικὸς μηδὲ θυμικός· ἐκ γὰρ τού- των ἁπάντων φόνοι γεννῶται. Τέκνον μου, μὴ 55 γίνου ἐπιθυμητής· ὁδηγεῖ γὰρ ἡ ἐπιθυμία πρὸς τὴν πορνείαν· μηδὲ αἰσχρολόγος μηδὲ ὑψηλόφ- θαλμος· ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἀπάντων μοιχεῖαι γεν- νῶνται. Τέκνον μου, μὴ γίνου οἰωνοσκόπος· ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ εἰς τὴν εἰδωλολατρείαν· μηδὲ ἐπα- 60 οιδὸς μηδὲ μαθηματικὸς μηδὲ περικαθαίρων, μηδὲ θέλε αὐτὰ βλέπειν· ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάν- των εἰδωλολατρεία γεννᾶται. Τένον μου, μὴ γίνου ψεύστης· ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ τὸ ψεῦσμα εἰς 65 ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάντων κλοπαὶ γεννῶνται. Τέκ- νον μου, μὴ γίνου γόγγυσος· ἐπειδὴ ὁδηγεῖ είς τὴν βλασφημίαν· μηδὲ αὐθάδης μηδὲ πονηρόφρων· ἐκ γὰρ τούτων ἁπάντων βλασφημίαι γεννῶνται. Ἴσθι δὲ πραΰς, ἐπεὶ οἱ πραεῖς κληρονομήσουσι 70 τὴν γῆν. Γίνου μακρόθυμος καὶ έλεήμων καὶ ἄκακος καὶ ἡσύχιος καὶ άγαθὸς καὶ τρέμων τούς λόγους διὰ παντός, οὓς ἤκουσας. Οὐκ ὑψώσεις σεαυτὸν οὐδὲ δώσεις τῇ ψυχῇ σου θράσος. Οὐ κολληθήσεται ἡ ψυχή σου μετὰ ὑψηλῶν, ἀλλὰ 75 μετὰ δικαίων καὶ ταπεινῶν ἀναστραφήσῃ. Τὰ συμβαίνοντά σοι ἐνεργήματα ὡς ἀγαθὰ προσ- δέξῃ, εἰδὼς ὅτι ἄτερ Θεοῦ οὐδὲν γίνεται.

Κεφ. δ΄.

Τέκνον μου, τοῦ λαλοῦντός σοι τὸν λόγον τοῦ Θεοῦ μνησθήσῃ νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας, τιμήσεις δὲ 80 αὐτὸν ὡς Κύριον· ὅθεν γὰρ ἡ κυριότης λαλεῖται, ἐκεὶ Κύριός ἐστιν. Ἐκζητήσεις, δὲ μαθ᾿ ἡμέραν τὰ πρόσωπα τῶν ἁγίων, ἵνα ἐπαναπαύῃ τοῖς λόγοις αὐτῶν. Οὐ ποθήσεις σχίσμα, εἰρηνεύ- σεις δὲ μαχομένους· κρινεῖς δικαίως, οὐ λἠψῃ 85 πρόσωτον ἐλέγξαι ἐπὶ παραπτώμασιν. Οὐ δι- ψυχήσεις, πότερον ἔσται ἢ οὔ. Μὴ γίνου πρὸς μὲν τὸ λαβεῖν ἐκτεἰνων τὰς χεῖρας, πρὸς δὲ τὸ δοῦναι συσπῶν. ἐὰν ἔχῃς, διὰ τῶν χειρῶν σου δώσεις λύτρωσιν ἁμαρτιῶν σου. Οὐ διστάσεις 90 δοῦναι οὐδὲ διδοῦς γογγύσεις· γνώσῃ γὰρ τίς ἐστιν ὁ τοῦ μισθοῦ καλὸς ἀνταποδότης. Οὐκ ἀποστραφήσῃ τὸν ἐνδεόμενον, συγκοινωνήσεις δὲ πάντα τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου καὶ οὐκ ἐρεῖς ἴδια εἶναι· εὶ γὰρ ἐν τῷ ἀθανάτῳ κοινωνοί ἐστε, πόσῷ 95 μᾶλλον ἐν τοῖς θνητοῖς; Οὐκ ἀρεῖς τὴν χεῖρα σου ἀπὸ τοῦ υἱοῦ σου ἢ ἀπὸ τῆς θυγατρός σου, ἀλλὰ άπὸ νεότητος διδάξεις τὸν φόβον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Οὐκ ἐπιτάξεις δούλῳ σου ἢ παιδίσκῃ, τοῖς ἐπὶ τὸν αὐτὸν Θεὸν ἐλπίζουσιν, ἐν πικρίᾳ 100 σου, μήποτε οὐ μὴ φοβηθήσονται τὸν ἐπ᾿ ἀμ- φοτέροις Θεόν· οὐ γὰρ ἔρχεται κατὰ πρόσωπον καλέσαι, ἀλλ᾿ ἐφ᾿ οὓς τὸ πνεῦμα ἡτοίμασεν. Ὑμεῖς δὲ δούλοι ὑποταγήσεσθε τοῖς κυρίοις ὑμῶν ὡς τύτῳ Θεοῦ ἐν αἰσχύνῃ καὶ φόβῳ. 105 Μισήσεις πᾶσαν ὑπόκρισιν καὶ τᾶν ὃ μὴ ἀρεσ- τὸν τῷ Κυρίῳ. Οὐ μὴ ἐγκαταλίπῃς ἐντολὰς Κυρίου, φυλάξεις δὲ ἃ παρέλαβες, μήτε προστι- θεὶς μήτε ἀφαιρῶν. Ἐν έκκλησίᾳ ἐξομολογήσῃ τὰ παραπτώματά σου, καὶ οὐ προσελεύσῃ ἐπὶ 110 προσευχήν σου ἐν συνειδήσει πονηρᾷ. Αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ ὁδὸς τὴς ζωῆς.

Κεφ. ε΄.

Ἡ δὲ τοῦ θανάτου ὁδός ἐστιν αὕτη· πρῶτον πάντων πονηρά ἐστι καὶ κατάρας μεστή· φόνοι, μοιχεῖαι, ἐπιθυμίαι, πορνεῖαι, κλοπαί, εἰδωλο- 115 λατρεῖαι, μαγεῖαι, φαρμακεῖαι, ἁρπαγαί, ψευδο- μαρτυρίαι, ὑποκρίσεις, διπλοκαρδία, δόλος, ὑπερ- ηφανία, κακία, αὐθάδεια, πλεονεξία, αἰσχρολο- γἰα, ζηλοτυπία, θρασύτης, ὕψος, ἀλαζονεία· διῶκται ἀγαθῶν, μισοῦντες ἀλήθειαν, ἀγαπῶν- 120 τες ψεῦδος, οὐ γινώσκοντες μισθὸν δικαιο- σύνης, οὐ κολλῶμενοι ἀγαθῷ οὐδὲ κρίσει δι- καίᾳ, ἀγρυπνοῦντες οὐκ εἰς τὸ ἀγαθόν, ἀλλ᾿ εἰς τὸ πονηρόν· ὧν μακρὰν πραΰτης καὶ ὑπο- μονή, μάταια ἀγαπῶντες, διώκοντες ἀνταπό- 125 δομα, οὐκ ἐλεοῦντες πτωχόν, οὐ πονοῦντες ἐπὶ καταπονουμένῳ, οὐ γινώσκοντες τὸν ποιήσαντα αὐτούς, φονεῖς τέκνων, φθορεῖς πλάσματος Θεοῦ, ἀποστρεφόμενοι τὸν ἐνδεόμενον, καταπονοῦντες τὸν θλιβόμενον, πλουσίων παράκλητοι, πενή- 130 των ἄνομοι κριταί, πανθαμάρτητοι· ῥυσθείητε, τέκνα, ἀπὸ τούτων ἁπάντων.

Κεφ. ϛ΄.

Ὅρα μή τις σε πλανήσῃ ἀπὸ ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς διδαχῆς, ἐπεὶ παρεκτὸς Θεοῦ σε διδάσκει. Εἰ μὲν γὰρ δύνασαι βαστάσαι ὅλον τὸν ζυγὸν 135 τοῦ Κυρίου, τέλειος ἕσῃ· εἰ δ᾿ οὐ δύνασαι, ὃ δύνῃ τοῦτο ποίει. Περὶ δὲ τῆς βρώσεως, ὃ δύνασαι βάστασον· ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ είδωλαθύτου λίαν τρός- εχε· λατρεία γὰρ ἐστι Θεῶν νεκρῶν.

Κεφ. ζ΄.

Περὶ δὲ τοῦ βαπτίσματος, οὕτω βαπτίσατε· 140 ταῦτα πάντα προειπόντες, βαπτίσατε εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ Πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ Υίοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου Πνεύματος ἐν ὕδατι ζῶντι. Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχῃς ὕδωρ ζῶν, εἰς ἄλλο ὕδωρ βάπτισον· εἰ δ᾿ οὐ δύνασαι ἐν ψυχρῷ, ἐν θερμῷ. Ἐὰν δε ἀμφότερα 145 μὴ ἔχῃς, ἔκχεον εἰς τὴν κεφαλὴν τρὶς ὕδωρ είς ὄνομα Πατρὸς καὶ Υἱοῦ καὶ ἁγίου Πνεύματος. Πρὸ δὲ τοῦ βαπτίσματος προνηστευσάτω ὁ βαπ- τίζων καὶ ὁ βαπτιζόμενος καὶ εἴ τινες ἀλλοι δύ- νανται· κελεύσεις δὲ νηστεῦσαι τὸν βαπτιζο- 150 μενον πρὸ μιᾶς ἢ δύο.

Κεφ. η΄.

Αἱ δὲ νηστεῖαι ὑμῶν μὴ ἔστωσαν μετὰ τῶν ὑποκριτῶν· νηστεύουσι γὰρ δευτέρᾳ σαββά- των καὶ πέμπτῃ· ὑμεῖς δὲ νηστεύσατε τετ- ράδα καὶ παρασκευήν. Μηδὲ προσεύχεσθε 155 ὡς οἱ ὑποκριταί, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐκέλευσεν ὁ Κύριος ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ αὐτοῦ, οὕτω προσεύχεσθε· Πάτερ ἡμῶν ὁ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου, έλθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου, γενη- θήτω τὸ θέλημά σου ὡς ἐν ούρανῷ καὶ ἐπὶ γῆς· 160 τὸν ἄρτον ἡμῶν τὸν επιούιον δὸς ἡμῖν σήμε- ρον καὶ ἄφες ἡμῖν τὴν ὀφειλὴν ἡμῶν ὡς καὶ ἡμεἰς ἀφίεμεν τοῖς ὀφειλέταις ἡμῶν, καὶ μὴ εἰσενέγκῃς ἡμᾶς εἰς πειρασμόν, ἀλλὰ ῥῦσαι ἡμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ· ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ 165 δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Τρὶς τῆς ἡμέρας οὕτω προσεύχεσθε.

Κεφ. θ΄.

Περὶ δὲ τῆς εὐχαριστίας, οὕτως εὐχαριστήσατε· πρῶτον περὶ τοῦ ποτηρίου· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ἁγίας ἀμπέλου Δαβὶδ 170 τοῦ παιδός σου, ἧς ἐγνώρισας ἡμῖν διὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Περὶ δὲ τοῦ κλάσματος· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ ἡμῶν, ὑπὲρ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ γνώσεως, ἧς ἐγνὠρισας ἡμῖν διὰ Ἰησοῦ τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς 175 τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ὥσπερ ἧν τοῦτο κλάσμα διεσκορ- πισμένον ἐπάνω τῶν ὀρέων καὶ συναχθὲν ἐγἐ- νετο ἕν, οὕτω συναχθήτω σου ἡ ἐκκλησία ἀπὸ τῶν περάτων τῆς γῆς εἰς τὴν σὴν βασιλείαν· ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δόξα καὶ ἡ δύναμις διὰ Ἰησοῦ 180 Χριστοῦ εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Μηδεὶς δὲ φαγέτω μηδὲ πιέτω ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας ὑμῶν, ἀλλ᾿ οἱ βαπτισθέντες εἰς ὄνομα Κυρίου· καὶ γὰρ περὶ τούτου εἴρηκεν ὁ Κύριος· Μὴ δῶτε τὸ ἅγιον τοῖς κυσί.

Κεφ. ι΄.

185 Μετὰ δὲ τὸ ἐμπλησθῆναι οὕτως εὐχαριστή- σατε· Εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι, Πάτερ ἅγιε, ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἁγίου ὀνόματός σου, οὗ κατεσκήνωσας ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ἡμῶν, καὶ ὑπὲρ τῆς γνώσεως καὶ πίσ- τεως καὶ ἀθανασίας· ἧς ἐγνώρισας ἡμῖν διὰ 190 Ἰησοῦ τοῦ παιδός σου· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Σὐ, δέσποτα παντοκράτορ, ἔκτισας τὰ πάντα ἕνεκεν τοῦ ὀνόματός σου, τροφήν τε καὶ ποτὸν ἔδωκας τοῖς ἀνθρώποις εἰς ἀπόλαυσιν ἵνα σοι εὐχαριστήσωσιν, ἡμῖν δὲ ἐχαρίσω πνευ- 195 ματικὴν τροφὴν καὶ ποτὸν καὶ ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ τοῦ παιδός σου. Πρὸ τάντων εὐχαριστοῦμέν σοι ὅτι δυνατὸς εἶ· σοὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Μνήσθητι, Κύριε, τῆς ἐκκλησίας σου τοῦ ῥύσα- σθαι αὐτὴν ἀπὸ παντὸς πονηροῦ καὶ τελειῶσαι 200 αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ ἀγάπῃ σου, καὶ σύναξον αὐτὴν ἀπὸ τῶν τεσσάρων ἀνέμων, τὴν ἁγιασθείσαν εἰς τὴν σὴν βασιλείαν, ἣν ἡτοίμασας αὐτῇ· ὅτι σοῦ ἐστιν ἡ δύναμις καὶ ἡ δόξα εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἐλθέτω χάρις καὶ παρελθέτω ὁ κόσμος οὖτος. 205 Ὡσαννὰ τῷ υἱῷ Δαβίδ. Εἴ τις ἅγιός ἐστιν, έρ- χέσθω· εἴ τις οὐκ ἔστι, μετανοείτω· μαραναθά. Ἀμήν. Τοῖς δὲ προφήταις ἐπιτρέπετε εύχα- ριστεῖν ὅσα θέλουσιν.

Κεφ. ιαʹ.

Ὅς ἂν οὖν ἐλθὼν διδάξῃ ὑμᾶς ταῦτα πάντα, 210 τὰ προειρημένα, δέξασθε αὐτόν· ἐὰν δὲ αὐτὸς ὁ διδἀσκων στραφεὶς διδάσκῃ ἄλλην διδαχὴν εἰς τὸ καταλῦσαι, μὴ αὐτοῦ ἀκοῦσητε· εἰς δὲ τὸ προσθεῖναι δικαιοσύνην καὶ γνῶσιν Κυρίου, δέξασθε αὐτὸν ὡς Κύριον. Περὶ δὲ τῶν ἀποσ- 215 τόλων καὶ προφητῶν κατὰ τὸ δόγμα τοῦ εὐαγ- γελίου, οὕτω ποιἠσατε. Πᾶς δὲ ἀπόστολος ἐρχόμενος πρὸς ὑμᾶς δεχθήτω ὡς Κύριος· οὐ μενεῖ δὲ ἡμέραν μίαν· ἐὰν δὲ ᾖ χρεία, καὶ τὴν ἀλλην· τρεῖς δὲ ἐὰν μείνῃ. ψευδοπροφήτης 220 ἐστίν. Ἐξερχόμενος δὲ ὁ ἀπόστολος μηδὲν λαμ- βανέτω εἰμὴ ἄρτον ἕως οὗ αὐλισθῇ· ἐὰν δὲ ἀρ- γύριον αἰτῇ, ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί. Καὶ πάντα προφήτην λαλοῦντα ἐν πνεύματι οὐ πειράσετε οὐδὲ διακρινεῖτε· πᾶσα γὰρ ἁμαρτῖα ἀφεθή- 225 σεται, αὕτη δὲ ἡ ἁμαρτία οὐκ ἀφεθήσεται. Οὐ πᾶς δὲ ὁ λαλῶν ἐν πνεύματι προφήτης ἐστίν, ἀλλ᾿ ἐὰν ἔχῃ τοὺς τρόπους Κυρίου. Ἀπὸ οὖν τῶν τρόπων γνωσθήσεται ὁ ψευδοπροφήτης καὶ ὁ προφήτης. Καὶ πᾶς προφήτης ὁρίζων τρά- 230 πεζαν ἐν πνεύματι, οὐ φάγεται ἀπ᾿ αὐτῆς, εἰδὲ μήγε ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί· πᾶς δὲ προφήτης διδάσκων τὴν ἀλήθειαν, εἰ ἃ διδάσκει οὐ ποιεῖ, ψευδοπροφήτης ἐστί. Πᾶς δὲ προφήτης δεδοκι- μασμένος, ἀληθιωός, ποιῶν εἰς μυστήριον κοσμι- 235 κὸν ἐκκλησίας, μὴ διδάσκων δὲ ποιεῖν ὅσα αὐτὸς ποιεῖ, οὐ κριθήσεται ἐφ᾿ ὑμῶν· μετὰ Θεοῦ γὰρ ἔχει τὴν κρίσιν· ὠσαύτως γὰρ ἐποίησαν καὶ οἱ ἀρχαῖοι προφῆται. Ὃς δ᾿ἃν εἴπῃ ἐν πνεύματι· Δός μοι ἀργύρια ἢ ἕτερά τινα, οὐκ ἀκούσεσθε 240 αὐτοῦ· ἐὰν δὲ περὶ ἄλλων ὑστερούντων εἴτῃ δοῦναι, μηδεὶς αὐτὸν κρινέτω.

Κεφ. ιβʹ.

Πᾶς δὲ ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι Κυρίου δεχ- θήτω, ἔπειτα δὲ δοκιμάσαντες αὐτὸν γνώσεσθε· σύνεσιν γὰρ ἕξετε δεξιὰν καὶ ἀριστεράν. Εἰμὲν 245 παρόδιός ἐστιν ὁ ἐρχόμενος, βοηθεῖτε αὐτῷ ὅσον δύνασθε· οὐ μενεῖ δὲ πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰ μὴ δύο ἢ τρεῖς ἡμέρος, ἐὰν ᾖ ἀνάγκη. Εἰ δὲ θέλει πρὸς ὑμᾶς καθῆσαι, τεχνίτης ὤν, ἐργαζέσθω καὶ φαγέτω· εἰ δὲ οὐκ ἔχει τέχνην, κατὰ τὴν σύνεσιν 250 ὑμῶν προνοήσατε, πῶς μὴ ἀργὸς μεθ᾿ ὑμῶν ζήσε- ται χριστιανός. Εἰ δ᾿ οὐ θέλει οὕτω ποιεῖν, χρισ- τέμπορός ἐστι· προσέχετε ἀπὸ τῶν τοιούτων.

Κεφ. ιγʹ.

Πᾶς δὲ προφήτης ἀληθινός, θέλων καθῆσαι πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἄξιός ἐστι τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ. Ὡσαύ- 255 τως διδάσκαλος ἀληθινός ἐστιν ἄξιος καὶ αὐ- τός, ὥςπερ ὁ ἐργάτης, τῆς τροφῆς αὐτοῦ. Πᾶ- σαν οὖν ἀπαρχὴν γεννημάτων ληνοῦ καὶ ἅλωνος, βοῶν τε καὶ προβάτων λαβὼν δώσεις τοῖς προ- φήταις· αὐτοὶ γάρ εἰσιν οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς ὑμῶν. 260 Ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἔχητε προφήτης, δότε τοῖς πτωχοῖς. Ἐὰν σιτίαν ποιῇς, τὴν ἀπαρχὴν λαβὼν δὸς κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν. Ὡσαύτως κεράμιον οἴνου ἢ ἐλαίου ἀνοίξας, τὴν ἀπαρχὴν λαβὼν δὸς τοῖς προφήταις· ἀργυρίου δὲ καὶ ἱματισμοῦ καὶ παντὸς κτήματος 265 λαβὼν τὴν ἀπαρχὴν ὡς ἄν σοι δόξῃ, δὸς κατὰ τὴν ἐντολήν.

Κεφ. ιδʹ.

Κατὰ κυριακὴν δὲ Κυρίου συναχθέντες κλά- σατε ἄρτον καὶ εύχαριστήσατε προσεξομολογη- σάμενοι τὰ παραπτώματα ὑμῶν, ὅπως καθαρὰ 270 ἡ θυσία ὑμῶν ᾖ. Πᾶς δὲ ἔχων τὴν ἀμφιβολίαν μετὰ τοῦ ἑταίρου αὐτοῦ μὴ συνελθέτω ὑμῖν, ἕως οὗ διαλλαγῶσιν, ἵνα μὴ κοινωθῇ ἡ θυσία ὑμῶν· αὕτη γὰρ ἐστιν ἡ ῥηθεῖσα ὑπὸ Κυρίου· Ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ καὶ χρόνῳ προσφέρειν μοι θυσίαν 275 καθαράν· ὅτι βασιλεὺς μέγας εἰμί, λέγει Κύρι- ος, καὶ τὸ ὄνομά μου θαυμαστὸν ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι.

Κεφ. ιεʹ.

Χειροτονήσατε οὖν ἑαυτοῖς ἐπισκόπους καὶ διακόνους ἀξίους τοῦ Κυρίου, ἄνδρας πραεῖς καὶ ἀφιλαργύρους καὶ ἀληθεῖς καὶ δεδοκιμασμένους· 280 ὑμῖν γὰρ λειτουργοῦσι καὶ αὐτοὶ τὴν λειτουργὶ- αν τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων. Μὴ οὖν ὑπερίδητε αὐτούς· αὐτοὶ γὰρ εἰσιν οἱ τετιμημέ- νοι ὑμῶν μετὰ τῶν προφητῶν καὶ διδασκάλων. Ἐλέγχετε δὲ ἀλλήλους μὴ ἐν ὀργῇ, ἀλλ᾿ ἐν 285 εἰρήνῃ, ὡς ἔχετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ· καὶ παντὶ ἀστοχοῦντι κατὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου μηδεὶς λαλείτω μηδὲ παρ᾿ ὑμῶν ἀκουέτω, ἕως οὗ μετανοήσῃ. Τὰς δὲ εὐχὰς ὑμῶν καὶ τὰς ἐλεημοσύνας καὶ πάσας τὰς πράξεις οὕτω ποιήσατε, ὡς ἔχετε ἐν τῷ εὐαγγε- 290 λίῳ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν.

Κεφ. ιϛ΄.

Γρηγορεῖτε ὑπὲρ τῆς ζωῆς ὑμῶν· οἱ λύχνοι ὑμῶν μὴ σβεσθήτωσαν, καὶ αἱ ὀσφύες ὑμῶν μὴ ἐκλυέσθωσαν, ἀλλὰ γίνεσθε ἕτοιμοι· οὐ γὰρ οἴδατε τὴν ὥραν, ἐν ᾗ ὁ Κύριος ἡμῶν ἔρχεται. 295 Πυκνῶς δὲ συναχθἠσεσθε ζητοῦντες τὰ ἀνήκον- τα ταῖς ψυχαῖς ὑμῶν· οὐ γὰρ ὠφελήσει ὑμᾶς ὁ πᾶς χρόνος τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν, ἐὰν μὴ ἐν τῷ ἐσχάτῳ καιρῷ τελειωθῆτε. Ἐν γὰρ ταῖς ἐσχᾶ- ταις ἡμέραις πληθυνθήσονται οἱ ψευδοπροφῆται 300 καὶ οἱ φθορεῖς καὶ στραφήσονται τὰ πρόβατα εἰς λύκους καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη στραφήσεται εἰς μῖσος· αὐξανοὐσης γὰρ τῆς ἀνομίας, μισήσουσιν ἀλλή- λους καὶ διώξουσι καὶ παραδώσουσι, καὶ τότε φανήσεται ὁ κοσμοπλάνος ὡς υἱὸς Θεοῦ καὶ ποι- 305 ήσει σημεἰα καὶ τέρατα, καὶ ἡ γῆ παραδοθήσε- ται εἰς χεῖρας αὐτοῦ, καὶ ποιήσει ἀθέμιτα, ἃ οὐδέποτε γίγονεν ἐξ αἰῶνος. Τότε ἥξει ἡ κτίσις τῶν ἀνθρώπων εἰς τὴν πύρωσιν τῆς δοκιμασίας καὶ σκανδαλισθήσονται πολλοὶ καὶ ἀπολοῦνται, 310 οἱ δὲ ὑπομείναντες ἐν τῇ πίστει αὐτῶν σωθή- σονται ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ τοῦ καταθέματος. Καὶ τότε φανήσεται τὰ σημεῖα τῆς ἀληθείας· πρῶτον, σημεῖον ἐκπετάσεως ἐν οὐρανῷ, εἶτα σημεῖον φωνῆς σάλπιγγος καὶ τὸ τρίτον ἀνάστασις νε- 315 κρῶν· οὐ πάντων δέ, ἀλλ᾿ ὡς ἐρρέθη· Ἥξει ὁ Κύριος καὶ πάντες οἱ ἅγιοι μετ᾿ αὐτοῦ. Τότε ὄψεται ὁ κόσμος τὸν Κύριον ἐρχόμενον ἐπάνω τῶν νεφελῶν τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.

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Teaching of the Twelve Apostels.

Teaching of the Lord, through the Twelve Apostles, to the Nations.

Chap. I: 1 — Two ways there are, one of life and one of death, but there is a great difference between the two ways. The way of life, then, is this: First, thou shalt love the God who made thee; secondly, thy neighbor as thyself; and all things whatsoever thou wouldst not have befall thee, too, do not to another. Now of these words the teaching is this: Bless them that curse you, and pray for your enemies, and fast for them that persecute you: for what thank have ye if ye love them that love you? Do not the nations also the same? But love ye them that hate you and ye shall have no enemy. Abstain from the fleshly and worldly lusts. If any one give thee a blow on the right cheek, turn to him the other also, and thou shalt be perfect; if any one compel thee to go one mile, go with him two; if any one take thy cloak, give him thy tunic also; if any one take from thee what is thine, ask it not back; for indeed thou canst not. To every one that asketh thee, and ask not back; for to all the Father desires to give of his own gracious gifts. Blessed is he that giveth according to the commandment; for he is guiltless; wo to him that taketh; for if indeed, one taketh who hath need, he shall be guiltless; but he who hath no need shall give account, why he took, and for what purpose, and coming under arrest shall be ex- amind concerning what he did, and shall not go out thence until he pay the last farthing. But it hath been also said concerning this matter: Let thine alms sweat in thy hands, until that knowest to whom thou shouldst give.

Chap. II: 2 — Now the second commandment of the teaching is: Thou shalt not kill, thou shalt not commit adultery, thou shalt not corrupt boys, thou shalt not commit fornication, thou shalt not steal, thou shalt not practise magic, thou shalt not use sorcery, thou shalt not slay a child by abortion, nor what is begotten shall thou destroy. Thou shalt not lust after the things of thy neighbour, thou shalt not forswear thyself, thou shalt not bear false witness, thou shalt not re- vile, thou shalt not bear malice. Thou shalt not be doubled-minded nor doubled-tongued; for a snare of death is the double tongue. Thy speech shall not be false, nor empty, but filled with doing. Thou shalt not be covetous, nor rapacious, nor a hypocrite, nor malicious, nor arrogant. Thou shalt not take evil counsel against thy neighbour. Thou shalt hate no man, but some thou shalt reprove, and for some thou shalt pray, and some thou shalt love above thy life.

Chap. III: 3 — My child, flee from every evil thing, and from everything like it. Be not inclined to anger, for anger leadeth to murder; nor jealous, nor contentious, nor passionate; for of all these murders are begotten. My child, become not lustful; for lust leadeth to for- nication; nor foul-mouthed, nor lofty-eyed; for of all these things adulteries are begotten. My child, become not an omen-watcher; since it leadeth into idolatry; nor an enchanter, nor an astrologer, nor a purifier, nor be willing to look upon these things; for of all these things idolatry is begotten. My child, become not a liar; since lying leads to theft; nor avaricious, nor vain- glorious; for of all these things thefts are begotten. My child, become not a murmurer; since it leads to blasphemy; nor presumptuous, nor evil-minded; for of all these things blasphemies are begotten. But be meek, since the meek shall inherit the earth. Become long- suffering and pitiful and guileless and gentle and good, and tremble continually at the words which thou hast heard. Thou shalt not exalt thyself, nor permit over- boldness to thy soul. Thy soul shall not cleave to the high, but with the righteous and lowly thou shalt dwell. The things that befall thee accept as well- wrought, knowing that without God nothing occurs.

Chap IV: 4 — My child, him that speaks to thee the word of God remember night and day, and thou shalt honor him as the Lord; for where that which pertaineth to the Lord is spoken there the Lord is. And thou shalt seek out daily the faces of the saints that thou mayst be refreshed by their words. Thou shalt not desire division, but shalt make peace between those who content; thou shalt judge justly, thou shalt not respect persons in con- victing for transgressions. Thou shalt not hesitate whether it shall be or not. Become not one who for tak- ing stretches out the hands, but for giving draws them in; if thou hast anything, by thy hands thou shalt give a ransom for thy sins. Thou shalt not hesitate to give, nor when giving shalt thou murmur, for thou shalt know who is the good dispenser of the recompense. Thou shalt not turn away the needy, but shalt share all things with thy brother, and shalt not say they are thine own; for it ye are partners in that which is imperishable, how much more is the perishable things? Thou shalt not take off thy hand from thy son and from thy daughter, but from youth thou shalt teach them the fear of God. Thou shalt not lay commands in thy bitterness upon thy slave or handmaid, who hope in the same God, lest they perchance shalt not fear the God who is over you both; for he cometh not to call men according to the ap- pearance, but to those whom the Spirit hath made ready. And ye, slaves, ye shall be subject to your lords, as to God's image, in modesty and fear. Thou shalt hate every hypocrisy, and whatever is not pleasing to the Lord. Thou shalt by no means forsake the Lord's commandments, but shalt guard what thou hast received, neither adding to it nor taking from it. In the church thou shalt confess thy transgressions, and shalt not come forward for thy prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of life.