Part 11

ORDER, or'd[.e]r, _n._ regular arrangement, method: degree, rank, or position: rule, regular system or government: command: a class, a society of persons of the same profession, &c.: a religious fraternity: a dignity conferred by a sovereign, &c., giving membership in a body, after the medieval orders of knighthood, also the distinctive insignia thereof: social rank generally: a number of genera having many important points in common: a commission to supply, purchase, or sell something: (_archit._) one of the different ways in which the column, with its various parts and its entablature, are moulded and related to each other: due action towards some end, esp. in old phrase 'to take order:' the sacerdotal or clerical function: (_pl._) the several degrees or grades of the Christian ministry.--_v.t._ to arrange: to conduct: to command.--_v.i._ to give command.--_ns._ OR'DER-BOOK, a book for entering the orders of customers, the special orders of a commanding officer, or, the motions to be put to the House of Commons; OR'DERER; OR'DERING, arrangement: management: the act or ceremony of ordaining, as priests or deacons.--_adj._ OR'DERLESS, without order: disorderly.--_n._ OR'DERLINESS.--_adj._ OR'DERLY, in good order: regular: well regulated: of good behaviour: quiet: being on duty.--_adv._ regularly: methodically.--_n._ a non-commissioned officer who carries official messages for his superior officer, formerly the first sergeant of a company.--_adj._ OR'DINATE, in order: regular.--_n._ the distance of a point in a curve from a straight line, measured along another straight line at right angles to it--the distance of the point from the other of the two lines is called the _abscissa_, and the two lines are the _axes of co-ordinates_.--_adv._ OR'DINATELY.--ORDER-IN-COUNCIL, a sovereign order given with advice of the Privy Council; ORDER-OF-BATTLE, the arrangement of troops or ships at the beginning of a battle; ORDER-OF-THE-DAY, in a legislative assembly, the business set down to be considered on any particular day: any duty assigned for a particular day.--CLOSE ORDER, the usual formation for soldiers in line or column, the ranks 16 inches apart, or for vessels two cables'-length (1440 ft.) apart--opp. to _Extended order_; FULL ORDERS, the priestly order; MINOR ORDERS, those of acolyte, exorcist, reader, and doorkeeper; OPEN ORDER, a formation in which ships are four cables'-length (2880 ft.) apart; SAILING ORDERS, written instructions given to the commander of a vessel before sailing; SEALED ORDERS, such instructions as the foregoing, not to be opened until a certain specified time; STANDING ORDERS or RULES, regulations for procedure adopted by a legislative assembly.--IN ORDER, and OUT OF ORDER, in accordance with regular and established usage of procedure, in subject or way of presenting it before a legislative assembly, &c., or the opposite; IN ORDER TO, for the end that; TAKE ORDER (_Shak._), to take measures. [Fr. _ordre_--L. _ordo_, _-inis_.]

ORDINAIRE, or-din-[=a]r', _n._ wine for ordinary use--usually _vin ordinaire_: a soldier's mess: a person of common rank.

ORDINARY, or'di-na-ri, _adj._ according to the common order: usual: of common rank: plain: of little merit: (_coll._) plain-looking.--_n._ a judge of ecclesiastical or other causes who acts in his own right: something settled or customary: actual office: a bishop or his deputy: a place where regular meals are provided at fixed charges: the common run or mass: (_her._) one of a class of armorial charges, called also _honourable ordinaries_, figures of simple outline and geometrical form, conventional in character--_chief_, _pale_, _fess_, _bend_, _bend-sinister_, _chevron_, _cross_, _saltire_, _pile_, _pall_, _bordure_, _orle_, _tressure_, _canton_, _flanches_.--_adv._ OR'DINARILY.--ORDINARY OF THE MASS, the established sequence or fixed order for saying mass.--IN ORDINARY, in regular and customary attendance.

ORDNANCE, ord'nans, _n._ great guns: artillery: (_orig._) any arrangement, disposition, or equipment.--ORDNANCE SURVEY, a preparation of maps and plans of Great Britain and Ireland, or parts thereof, undertaken by government and carried out by men selected from the Royal Engineers--so called because in earlier days the survey was carried out under the direction of the Master-general of the Ordnance. [_Ordinance._]

ORDONNANCE, or'do-nans, _n._ co-ordination, esp. the proper disposition of figures in a picture, parts of a building, &c.

ORDURE, or'd[=u]r, _n._ dirt: dung: excrement: also _fig._ anything unclean.--_adj._ OR'DUROUS. [Fr.,--O. Fr. _ord_, foul--L. _horridus_, rough.]

ORE, [=o]r, _n._ metal as it comes from the mine: metal mixed with earthy and other substances. [A.S. _ór_, another form of _ár_, brass; Ice. _eir_, L. _æs_, _ær-is_, bronze.]

OREAD, [=o]'r[=e]-ad, _n._ (_myth._) a mountain nymph:--_pl._ O'READS, or OR[=E]'ADES. [Gr. _oreias_, _oreiados_--_oros_, a mountain.]

OREOG'RAPHY=OROGRAPHY.

ORGAN, or'gan, _n._ an instrument or means by which anything is done: a part of a body fitted for carrying on a natural or vital operation: a means of communication, or of conveying information or opinions from one to another of two parties, as an ambassador, a newspaper, &c.: a musical wind instrument consisting of a collection of pipes made to sound by means of compressed air from bellows, and played upon by means of keys: a system of pipes in such an organ, having an individual keyboard, a partial organ: a musical instrument having some mechanism resembling the pipe-organ, as the barrel-organ, &c.--_ns._ OR'GAN-BUILD'ER, one who constructs organs; OR'GAN-GRIND'ER, a fellow who plays a hand-organ by a crank; OR'GAN-HARM[=O]'NIUM, a large harmonium used instead of a pipe-organ.--_adjs._ ORGAN'IC, -AL, pertaining to an organ: organised: instrumental.--_adv._ ORGAN'ICALLY.--_n._ ORGAN'ICALNESS.--_v.t._ ORGAN'IFY, to add organic matter to.--_n._ ORGANISABIL'ITY.--_adj._ ORGANIS'ABLE, that may be organised.--_n._ ORGANIS[=A]'TION, the act of organising: the state of being organised.--_v.t._ OR'GAN[=I]SE, to supply with organs: to form several parts into an organised whole, to arrange.--_ns._ OR'GAN[=I]SER; OR'GANISM, organic structure, or a body exhibiting such: a living being, animal or vegetable.--_adj._ OR'GANISMAL.--_ns._ OR'GANIST, one who plays on an organ; OR'GAN-LOFT, the loft where an organ stands; ORGANOG'ENY, ORGANOGEN'ESIS, history of the development of living organs; ORGANOG'RAPHY, a description of the organs of plants or animals; ORGANOL'OGY, the study of structure and function; OR'GAN-PIPE, one of the sounding pipes of a pipe-organ (_flue-pipes_ and _reed-pipes_); OR'GAN-POINT, a note sustained through a series of chords, although only in harmony with the first and last; OR'GANRY, the music of the organ; OR'GAN-SCREEN, an ornamental stone or wood screen, on which a secondary organ is sometimes placed in cathedrals; ORGUINETTE', a mechanical musical instrument, with reeds and exhaust-bellows.--ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, the chemistry of substances of animal or vegetable origin, prior to 1828 supposed to be capable of formation only as products of vital processes: the chemistry of the compounds of carbon; ORGANIC DISEASE, a disease accompanied by changes in the structures involved; ORGANIC REMAINS, fossil remains of a plant or animal.--HYDRAULIC ORGAN, one whose bellows is operated by a hydraulic motor. [Fr. _organe_--L. _organum_--Gr. _organon_.]

ORGANON, or'ga-non, _n._ an instrument: a system of rules and principles for scientific investigation: a system of thought: the logic of Aristotle--also OR'GANUM:--_pl._ OR'GANA. [Gr., from _ergon_, a work.]

ORGANZINE, or'gan-zin, _n._ a silk thread of several twisted together, a fabric of the same. [Fr.]

ORGASM, or'gasm, _n._ immoderate excitement or action.--_adj._ ORGAS'TIC. [Gr. _orgasmos_, swelling.]

ORGEAT, or'zhat, _n._ a confectioner's syrup made from almonds, sugar, &c. [Fr. _orge_--L. _hordeum_, barley.]

ORGULOUS, or'g[=u]-lus, _adj._ (_Shak._) haughty.

ORGY, or'ji, _n._ any drunken or riotous rite or revelry, esp. by night--(_rare_) ORGE:--_pl._ OR'GIES, riotous secret rites observed in the worship of Bacchus.--_v.i._ ORGE, to indulge in riotous jollity.--_n._ OR'GIAST.--_adjs._ ORGIAS'TIC, OR'GIC. [Fr.,--L. _orgia_--Gr.]

ORICHALC, or'i-kalk, _n._ (_Spens._) a gold-coloured alloy resembling brass.--_adj._ ORICHAL'CEOUS. [Fr., from Gr. _oreichalkos_, mountain copper--_oros_, a mountain, _chalkos_, copper.]

ORIEL, [=o]'ri-el, _n._ a portico or recess in the form of a window built out from a wall, supported on brackets or corbels--distinguished from a bay window. [O. Fr. _oriol_, a porch--Low L. _oriolum_, a highly ornamented recess--L. _aureolus_, gilded--_aurum_, gold.]

ORIENT, [=o]'ri-ent, _adj._ rising, as the sun: eastern: bright or pure in colour.--_n._ the part where the sun rises: the east, or the countries of the east: purity of lustre, as in a pearl.--_v.t._ to set so as to face the east: to build, as a church, with its length from east to west.--_adj._ ORIEN'TAL, eastern: pertaining to, in, or from the east.--_n._ a native of the east.--_v.t._ ORIEN'TALISE.--_ns._ ORIEN'TALISM, an eastern word, expression, or custom; ORIEN'TALIST, one versed in the eastern languages: an oriental; ORIENTAL'ITY.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ ORIEN'T[=A]TE.--_ns._ ORIENT[=A]'TION, the act of turning or state of being turned toward the east, the process of determining the east in taking bearings: the situation of a building relative to the points of the compass: the act of making clear one's position in some matter: the homing instinct, as in pigeons; O'RIENT[=A]TOR, an instrument for orientating. [L. _oriens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _or[=i]ri_, to rise.]

ORIFICE, or'i-fis, _n._ something made like a mouth or opening. [Fr.,--L. _orificium_--_os_, _oris_, mouth, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

ORIFLAMME, or'i-flam, _n._ a little banner of red silk split into many points, borne on a gilt staff--the ancient royal standard of France. [Fr.,--Low L. _auriflamma_--L. _aurum_, gold, _flamma_, a flame.]

ORIGAN, or'i-gan, _n._ wild marjoram.--Also ORIG'ANUM. [Fr.,--L. _origanum_.--Gr. _origanon_--_oros_, mountain, _ganos_, brightness.]

ORIGENIST, or'ij-en-ist, _n._ a follower of _Origen_ (_c._ 186-254 A.D.), his allegorical method of scriptural interpretation, or his theology, esp. his heresies--the subordination though eternal generation of the Logos, pre-existence of all men, and universal restoration, even of the devil.--_n._ OR'IGENISM.--_adj._ ORIGENIST'IC.

ORIGIN, or'i-jin, _n._ the rising or first existence of anything: that from which anything first proceeds: (_math._) the fixed starting-point: cause: derivation.--_adjs._ ORIG'INABLE; ORIG'INAL, pertaining to the origin or beginning: first in order or existence: in the author's own words or from the artist's own pencil: not copied: not translated: having the power to originate, as thought.--_n._ origin: first copy: the precise language used by a writer: an untranslated tongue: a person of marked individuality.--_ns._ ORIGINAL'ITY, ORIG'INALNESS, quality or state of being original or of originating ideas.--_adv._ ORIG'INALLY.--_v.t._ ORIG'IN[=A]TE, to give origin to: to bring into existence.--_v.i._ to have origin: to begin.--_n._ ORIGIN[=A]'TION, act of originating or of coming into existence: mode of production.--_adj._ ORIG'IN[=A]TIVE, having power to originate or bring into existence.--_n._ ORIG'IN[=A]TOR. [Fr. _origine_--L. _origo_, _originis_--_or[=i]ri_, to rise.]

ORILLON, o-ril'lon, _n._ a semicircular projection at the shoulder of a bastion intended to cover the guns and defenders on the flank. [Fr.,--_oreille_, an ear--L. _auricula_, dim. of _auris_, ear.]

ORIOLE, [=o]r'i-[=o]l, _n._ the golden thrush. [O. Fr. _oriol_--L. _aureolus_, dim. of _aureus_, golden--_aurum_, gold.]

ORION, [=o]-r[=i]'on, _n._ (_astron._) one of the constellations containing seven very bright stars, three of which, in a straight line, form Orion's belt. [_Orion_, a hunter placed among the stars at his death.]

ORISMOLOGY, or-is-mol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of defining technical terms.--_adjs._ ORISMOLOG'IC, -AL. [Gr. _horismos_--_horizein_, to bound.]

ORISON, or'i-zun, _n._ a prayer. [O. Fr. _orison_ (Fr. _oraison_)--L. _oratio_, _-[=o]nis_--_or[=a]re_, to pray.]

ORLE, orl, _n._ (_archit._) a fillet under the ovolo of a capital--also OR'LET: (_her._) a border within a shield at a short distance from the edge. [O. Fr., border, from Low L. _orlum_, dim. of L. _ora_, border.]

ORLEANIST, or'l[=e]-an-ist, _n._ one of the family of the Duke of _Orleans_, brother of Louis XIV. of France: a supporter of the claims of this family to the throne of France.--_adj._ favourable to the claims of the Orleans family.--_ns._ OR'LEANISM; OR'LEANS, a wool and cotton cloth for women's dresses.

ORLOP, or'lop, _n._ the deck below the berth-deck in a ship where the cables, &c., are stowed. [Dut. _overloop_, the upper deck--_overlopen_, to run over.]

ORMER, or'm[.e]r, _n._ an ear-shell or sea-ear.

ORMOLU, or'mo-l[=oo], _n._ an alloy of copper, zinc, and tin: gilt or bronzed metallic ware: gold-leaf prepared for gilding bronze, &c. [Fr. _or_--L. _aurum_, gold, _moulu_, pa.p. of _moudre_, to grind--L. _mol[=a]re_, to grind.]

ORMUZD, or'muzd, _n._ the name of the chief god of the ancient Persians: the creator and lord of the whole universe: (later) the good principle, as opposed to _Ahriman_, the bad. [A corr. of Pers. _Ahura-Mazdâh_=the Living God or Lord (_ahu_='the living,' 'life,' or 'spirit,' root _ah_='to be'), the Great Creator (_maz_+_dâ_=Sans. _mahâ_+_dhâ_), or the Wise One.]

ORNAMENT, or'na-ment, _n._ anything that adds grace or beauty: additional beauty: a mark of honour: (_pl._, _Pr. Bk._) all the articles used in the services of the church.--_v.t._ to adorn: to furnish with ornaments.--_adj._ ORNAMENT'AL, serving to adorn or beautify.--_adv._ ORNAMENT'ALLY.--_ns._ ORNAMENT[=A]'TION, act or art of ornamenting: (_archit._) ornamental work; OR'NAMENTER; OR'NAMENTIST.--_adj._ ORNATE', ornamented: decorated: highly finished, esp. applied to a style of writing.--_adv._ ORNATE'LY.--_n._ ORNATE'NESS. [Fr. _ornement_--L. _ornamentum_--_orn[=a]re_, to adorn.]

ORNIS, or'nis, _n._ the birds collectively of a region, its avifauna.--_adj._ ORNITH'IC.--_ns._ ORNITHICH'NITE (_geol._), the footmark of a bird found impressed on sandstone, &c.; ORNITHODEL'PHIA, the lowest of the three sub-classes of mammals, same as _Monotremata_--from the ornithic character of the urogenital organs.--_adjs._ ORNITHODEL'PHIAN (also _n._), ORNITHODEL'PHIC, ORNITHODEL'PHOUS; OR'NITHOID, somewhat ornithic.--_ns._ ORNITH'OLITE (_geol._), the fossil remains of a bird: a stone occurring of various colours and forms bearing the figures of birds.--_adj._ ORNITHOLOG'ICAL, pertaining to ornithology.--_adv._ ORNITHOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ ORNITHOL'OGIST, one versed in ornithology, or who makes a special study of birds; ORNITHOL'OGY, the science and study of birds; OR'NITHOMANCY, divination by means of birds, by observing their flight, &c.--_adjs._ ORNITHOMAN'TIC; ORNITHOPH'ILOUS, bird-fertilised; OR'NITHOPOD, ORNITHOP'ODOUS, having feet like a bird.--_ns._ ORNITHORHYN'CHUS, an animal in Australia, with a body like an otter and a snout like the bill of a duck, also called _Duck-bill_; ORNITHOS'COPY, observation of birds or of their habits; ORNITHOT'OMY, the act of dissecting birds. [Gr. _ornis_, _ornithos_, a bird.]

OROGRAPHY, or-og'ra-fi, _n._ the description of mountains--also OROL'OGY.--_n._ OROG'ENY, the origin and formation of mountains.--_adjs._ OROGRAPH'IC, -AL; OROLOG'ICAL, of or pertaining to orology.--_ns._ OROL'OGIST, one versed in orology; OROM'ETER, a mountain-barometer. [Gr. _oros_, a mountain.]

OROIDE, [=o]'r[=o]-[=i]d, _n._ an alloy of copper, tin, and other metals used for watch-cases, cheap jewellery, &c.--Also O'R[=E]IDE. [Fr. _or_--L. _aurum_, gold, Gr. _eidos_, form.]

OROTUND, [=o]'r[=o]-tund, _adj._ full, clear, and musical, as speech.--_n._ full, clear, and musical speech, as when directly from the larynx. [L. _os_, _oris_, the mouth, _rotundus_, round.]

ORPHAN, or'fan, _n._ a child bereft of father or mother, or of both.--_adj._ bereft of parents.--_v.t._ to bereave of parents.--_ns._ OR'PHANAGE, the state of being an orphan: a house for orphans; OR'PHAN-ASY'LUM; OR'PHANHOOD, OR'PHANISM; ORPHANOT'ROPHY, the supporting of orphans. [Gr. _orphanos_, akin to L. _orbus_, bereaved.]

ORPHARION, or-f[=a]'ri-on, _n._ a large lute with six to nine metal strings.--Also ORPHE[=O]'REON.

ORPHEAN, or'f[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Orpheus_, a poet who could move inanimate objects by the music of his lyre.--_adj._ OR'PHIC, pertaining to Orpheus, or the mysteries connected with the cult of Bacchus.--_v.i._ OR'PHISE.--_n._ OR'PHISM.

ORPHREY, or'fri, _n._ gold or other rich embroidery attached to vestments, esp. chasuble and cope. [Fr. _orfroi_--_or_--L. _aurum_, gold, Fr. _fraise_, fringe.]

ORPIMENT, or'pi-ment, _n._ arsenic trisulphide, giving king's yellow and realgar (red).--_ns._ OR'PINE, OR'PIN, a deep-yellow colour: the _Sedum Telephium_, a popular vulnerary. [Fr.,--L. _auripigmentum_--_aurum_, gold, _pigmentum_, paint.]

ORRA, or'a, _adj._ (_Scot._) odd: not matched: left over: doing odd pieces of work: worthless.

ORRERY, or'[.e]r-i, _n._ an apparatus for illustrating, by balls mounted on rods and moved by clockwork around a centre, the size, positions, motions, &c. of the heavenly bodies. [From Charles Boyle, fourth Earl of _Orrery_ (1676-1731).]

ORRIS, or'is, _n._ a species of iris in the south of Europe, the dried root of which has the smell of violets, used in perfumery.--Also ORR'ICE.

ORRIS, or'is, _n._ a peculiar kind of gold or silver lace: upholsterers' galloon and gimp. [_Orphrey._]

ORSEILLE, or-s[=a]l', _n._ a colouring matter (cf. _Archil_ and _Litmus_).--_adj._ ORSEL'LIC. [Fr.]

ORT, ort, _n._ a fragment, esp. one left from a meal--usually _pl._ [Low Ger. _ort_, refuse of fodder.]

ORTHOCEPHALY, or-th[=o]-sef'a-li, _n._ the character of a skull in which the ratio between the vertical and transverse diameters is from 70 to 75.--_adj._ ORTHOCEPHAL'IC.

ORTHOCERAS, or-thos'e-ras, _n._ a genus of fossil cephalopods, having the shell straight or but slightly curved.

ORTHOCHROMATIC, or-th[=o]-kr[=o]-mat'ik, _adj._ correct in rendering the relation of colours, without the usual photographic modifications. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _chr[=o]ma_, colour.]

ORTHOCLASE, or'tho-kl[=a]z, _n._ common or potash feldspar.--_adj._ ORTHOCLAS'TIC. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _klasis_, a fracture.]

ORTHODOX, or'tho-doks, _adj._ sound in doctrine: believing the received or established opinions, esp. in religion: according to the received doctrine.--_adv._ OR'THODOXLY.--_ns._ OR'THODOXNESS; OR'THODOXY, soundness of opinion or doctrine: belief in the commonly accepted opinions, esp. in religion. [Through Fr. and Late L. from Gr. _orthodoxos_--_orthos_, right, _doxa_, opinion--_dokein_, to seem.]

ORTHODROMIC, or-th[=o]-drom'ik, _adj._ pertaining to OR'THODROMY, the art of sailing on a great circle or in a straight course.

ORTHOËPY, or'tho-e-pi, _n._ (_gram._) correct pronunciation of words.--_adjs._ ORTHOËP'IC, -AL.--_adv._ ORTHOËP'ICALLY.--_n._ OR'THOËPIST, one versed in orthoëpy. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _epos_, a word.]

ORTHOGAMY, or-thog'a-mi, _n._ (_bot._) direct or immediate fertilisation.

ORTHOGNATHOUS, or-thog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ straight-jawed--also ORTHOGNATH'IC.--_n._ ORTHOG'NATHISM. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _gnathos_, the jaw.]

ORTHOGON, or'tho-gon, _n._ (_geom._) a figure with all its angles right angles.--_adj._ ORTHOG'ONAL, rectangular.--_adv._ ORTHOG'ONALLY. [Gr. _orthos_, right, _g[=o]nia_, angle.]

ORTHOGRAPHER, or-thog'ra-f[.e]r, _n._ one who spells words correctly--also ORTHOG'RAPHIST.--_adjs._ ORTHOGRAPH'IC, -AL, pertaining or according to orthography: spelt correctly.--_adv._ ORTHOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ ORTHOG'RAPHY (_gram._), the art or practice of spelling words correctly. [Gr. _orthographia_--_orthos_, right, _graphein_, to write.]

ORTHOMETRY, or-thom'et-ri, _n._ the art of constructing verse correctly.

ORTHOPÆDIA, or-th[=o]-p[=e]-d[=i]'a, _n._ the art or process of curing deformities of the body, esp. in childhood--also OR'THOPÆDY, OR'THOPEDY.--_adjs._ ORTHOPÆ'DIC, -AL, ORTHOPED'IC, -AL.--_ns._ ORTHOPÆ'DICS, ORTHOPED'ICS, orthopædic surgery; OR'THOPÆDIST, OR'THOPEDIST, one skilled in the foregoing. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _pais_, _paidos_, a child.]

ORTHOPHONY, or'th[=o]-f[=o]-ni, _n._ the art of correct speaking: the proper culture of the voice. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _ph[=o]nein_, to speak--_ph[=o]n[=e]_, voice.]

ORTHOPNOEA, or-thop-n[=e]'a, _n._ dyspnoea.--_n._ ORTHOP'NIC, one who can breathe in an upright posture only. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _pnein_, to breathe.]

ORTHOPRAXY, or'th[=o]-prak-si, _n._ correct practice or procedure.

ORTHOPTERA, or-thop't[.e]r-a, _n._ an order of insects with wing-covers, that overlap at the top when shut, under which are the true wings, which fold lengthwise like a fan.--_ns._ ORTHOP'TER, ORTHOP'TERAN, an insect of the order orthoptera; ORTHOPTEROL'OGY.--_adj._ ORTHOP'TEROUS, pertaining to the orthoptera. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _ptera_, pl. of _pteron_, wing.]

ORTHOSCOPIC, or-th[=o]-skop'ik, _adj._ seeing correctly: appearing normal to the eye. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _skopein_, to see.]

ORTHOSTYLE, or'th[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ (_archit._) an arrangement of columns or pillars in a straight line. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _stylos_, a column.]

ORTHOTONIC, or-th[=o]-ton'ik, _adj._ retaining an accent in certain positions, but not in others--also OR'THOTONE.--_n._ ORTHOTON[=E]'SIS, accentuation of a proclitic or enclitic--opp. to _Enclisis_. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _tonos_, accent.]

ORTHOTROPISM, or-thot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ vertical growth in plants.--_adjs._ ORTHOT'ROPAL, ORTHOTROP'IC, ORTHOT'ROPOUS. [Gr. _orthos_, straight, _trepein_, to turn.]

ORTHOTYPOUS, or'th[=o]-t[=i]-pus, _adj._ in mineralogy, having a perpendicular cleavage.

ORTHROS, or'thros, _n._ one of the Greek canonical hours, corresponding to the Western lauds. [Gr. _orthros_, dawn.]

ORTIVE, or'tiv, _adj._ rising: eastern.

ORTOLAN, or't[=o]-lan, _n._ a kind of bunting, common in Europe, and considered a great table delicacy. [Fr.,--It. _ortolano_--L. _hortulanus_, belonging to gardens--_hortulus_, dim. of _hortus_, a garden.]

ORVIETAN, or-vi-[=e]'tan, _n._ a supposed antidote or counter-poison.--_n._ ORVI[=E]'TO, an esteemed still white wine.

ORYCTICS, [=o]-rik'tiks, _n._ the branch of geology relating to fossils.--_adjs._ ORYCTOGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_n._ ORYCTOZOÖL'OGY, palæontology. [Gr. _oryctos_, fossil.]

ORYX, or'iks, _n._ a genus of antelopes. [Gr., a pick-axe.]

ORYZA, [=o]-r[=i]'za, _n._ a small tropical genus of true grasses, including rice.

OS, os, _n._ a bone. [L.]

OSCAN, os'kan, _n._ and _adj._ one of an ancient Italic race in southern Italy: a language closely akin to Latin, being a ruder and more primitive form of the same central Italic tongue.

OSCHEAL, os'k[=e]-al, _adj._ pertaining to the scrotum.--_ns._ OSCHE[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the scrotum; OS'CHEOCELE, a scrotal hernia; OS'CHEOPLASTY, plastic surgery of the scrotum. [Gr. _osch[=e]_, the scrotum.]

OSCILLATE, os'sil-l[=a]t, _v.i._ to move backwards and forwards like a pendulum: to vary between certain limits.--_n._ OS'CILLANCY, a swinging condition.--_adj._ OS'CILL[=A]TING.--_n._ OSCILL[=A]'TION, act of oscillating: a swinging like a pendulum: variation within limits.--_adjs._ OS'CILL[=A]TIVE, having a tendency to vibrate; OS'CILL[=A]TORY, swinging: moving as a pendulum does. [L. _oscill[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to swing--_oscillum_, a swing.]

OSCINES, os'si-n[=e]z, _n.pl._ a sub-order of birds of the order Passeres.--_adj._ OS'CINE--also _n._ [L. _oscen_, _oscinis_, a singing-bird.]

OSCITANCY, os'si-tan-si, _n._ sleepiness, stupidity.--_adj._ OS'CITANT.--_adv._ OS'CITANTLY.--_v.i._ OS'CITATE, to yawn.--_n._ OSCIT[=A]'TION, act of yawning or gaping from sleepiness. [L. _oscit[=a]re_, to yawn.]

OSCULANT, os'k[=u]-lant, _adj._ kissing: adhering closely: (_biol._) situated between two other genera, and partaking partly of the character of each.--_v.t._ OS'CUL[=A]TE, to kiss: to touch, as two curves: to form a connecting-link between two genera.--_adj._ of or pertaining to kissing.--_n._ OSCUL[=A]'TION.--_adj._ OS'CUL[=A]TORY, of or pertaining to kissing: (_geom._) having the same curvature at the point of contact.--_n._ a tablet with a picture of the Virgin or of Christ, which was kissed by the priest and then by the people.--_ns._ OS'CULE, a little mouth: a small bilabiate aperture; OS'C[=U]LUM, a mouth in sponges: one of the suckers on the head of a tapeworm. [L. _oscul[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_osculum_, a little mouth, a kiss, dim. of _os_, mouth.]

OSIER, [=o]'zh[.e]r, _n._ the popular name for those species of willow whose twigs are used in making baskets, &c.--_adj._ made of or like osiers.--_adj._ O'SIERED, adorned with willows.--_n._ O'SIERY, a place where osiers are grown. [Fr.; perh. from Gr. _oisos_.]

OSIRIS, [=o]-s[=i]'ris, _n._ the greatest of Egyptian gods, son of Seb and Nut, or Heaven and Earth, married to Isis, slain by Set but avenged by his son Horus, judge of the dead in the nether-world.

OSITE, os'[=i]t, _n._ Sombrero guano.

OSMANLI, os-man'li, _adj._ of or belonging to Turkey.--_n._ a member of the reigning family of Turkey: a subject of the emperor of Turkey. [_Osman_ or _Othman_, who founded the Turkish empire in Asia, and reigned 1288-1326.]

OSMETERIUM, os-m[=e]-t[=e]'ri-um, _n._ an organ devoted to the production of an odour, esp. the forked process behind the head of certain butterfly-larvæ:--_pl._ OSMET[=E]'RIA.

OSMIDROSIS, os-mi-dr[=o]'sis, _n._ the secretion of strongly smelling perspiration.--Also _Bromidrosis_. [Gr. _osm[=e]_, smell, _hidr[=o]sis_, sweat.]

OSMIUM, [=o]s'mi-um, _n._ a gray-coloured metal found in platinum ore, the oxide of which has a disagreeable smell.--_adjs._ OS'MIC, OS'MIOUS. [Gr. _osm[=e]_, smell, orig. _od-m[=e]_--_ozein_, to smell.]

OSMOSE, os'm[=o]s, _n._ the tendency of fluids to mix or become equally diffused when in contact, even through an intervening membrane or porous structure--also OSM[=O]'SIS.--_adj._ OSMOT'IC, pertaining to, or having, the property of osmose.--_adv._ OSMOT'ICALLY. [Gr. _[=o]smos_=_[=o]sis_, impulse--_[=o]thein_, to push.]

OSMUNDA, os-mun'da, _n._ a genus of ferns, the chief species being OSMUNDA REGALIS, the royal fern--also called _Bog-onion_, _King-fern_, &c.

OSNABURG, oz'na-burg, _n._ a coarse kind of linen, originally brought from _Osnaburg_ in Germany.

OSPREY, os'pr[=a], _n._ the fish-hawk, a species of eagle very common on the coast of North America. [Corr. from _ossifrage_, which see.]

OSSEOUS, os'[=e]-us, _adj._ bony: composed of, or resembling, bone: of the nature or structure of bone.--_ns._ OSS[=A]'RIUM, an ossuary; OSS'[=E]IN, the organic basis of bone; OSS'ELET, a hard substance growing on the inside of a horse's knee; OSS'ICLE, a small bone.--_adjs._ OSSIF'EROUS, producing bone: (_geol._) containing bones; OSSIF'IC.--_n._ OSSIFIC[=A]'TION, the process or state of being changed into a bony substance.--_v.t._ OSS'IFY, to make into bone or into a bone-like substance.--_v.i._ to become bone:--_pa.p._ oss'ified.--_adj._ OSSIV'OROUS, devouring or feeding on bones.--_ns._ OS'TEOBLAST, a cell concerned in the formation of bone; OS'TEOCLAST, an apparatus for fracturing bones; OSTEOCOL'LA, a deposited carbonate of lime encrusted on the roots and stems of plants; OSTEODEN'TINE, one of the varieties of dentine, resembling bone; OSTEOGEN'ESIS, the formation or growth of bone--also OSTEOG'ENY; OSTEOG'RAPHER; OSTEOG'RAPHY, description of bones.--_adj._ OS'TEOID, like bone: having the appearance of bone.--_ns._ OSTEOL'EPIS, a genus of fossil ganoid fishes peculiar to the Old Red Sandstone, so called from the bony appearance of their scales; OSTEOL'OGER, OSTEOL'OGIST, one versed in osteology.--_adjs._ OSTEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to osteology.--_adv._ OSTEOLOG'ICALLY.--_ns._ OSTEOL'OGY, the science of the bones, that part of anatomy which treats of the bones; OSTEOMAL[=A]'CIA, a disease in which the earthy salts disappear from the bones, which become soft and misshapen; OS'TEOPHYTE, an abnormal bony outgrowth.--_adjs._ OSTEOPHYT'IC; OSTEOPLAST'IC.--_ns._ OS'TEOPLASTY, a plastic operation by which a loss of bone is remedied; OSTEOSARC[=O]'MA, a tumour composed of intermingled bony and sarcomatous tissue; OS'TEOTOME (_surg._), a saw-like instrument for cutting bones; OSTEOT'OMY, the division of, or incision into, a bone; OST[=I]'TIS, inflammation of bone. [L. _osseus_--_os_, _ossis_, bone; Gr. _osteon_, bone.]

OSSIANIC, os-i-an'ik, _adj._ pertaining to _Ossian_ or the poems dubiously attributed to him.

OSSIFRAGE, os'i-fr[=a]j, _n._ the sea or bald eagle, common in the United States: (_B._) the bearded vulture, the largest of European birds. [L. _ossifragus_, breaking bones--_os_, _frag_, root of _frang[)e]re_, _fractum_, to break.]

OSSUARY, os'[=u]-ar-i, _n._ a place where the bones of the dead are deposited: a charnel-house. [L. _ossuarium_, a charnel-house--_os_, a bone.]