Chapter 4 of 8 · 433 words · ~2 min read

CHAPTER IV. PUNCTUATION, pp. 219-290

General difficulties 219

General principles 224

The spot plague 226

Over-stopping 231

Under-stopping 234

Grammar and punctuation 235-263

Substantival clauses 235

Subject, &c., and verb 239

Adjectival clauses 242

Adverbial clauses 244

Parenthesis 247

Misplaced commas 248

Enumeration 250

Comma between independent sentences 254

Semicolon with subordinate members 257

Exclamations and statements 258

Exclamations and questions 259

Internal question and exclamation marks 261

Unaccountable commas 262

The colon 263

Miscellaneous 264

Dashes 266-275

General abuse 266

Legitimate uses 267

Debatable questions 269

Common misuses 274

Hyphens 275

Quotation marks 280-290

Excessive use 280

Order with stops 282

Single and double 287

Misplaced 288

Half quotation 289

PART II. p. 291 to the end

EUPHONY, §§ 1-10

1. Jingles 291

2. Alliteration 292

3. Repeated prepositions 293

4. Sequence of relatives 293

5. Sequence of _that_, &c. 294

6. Metrical prose 295

7. Sentence accent 295

8. Causal _as_ clauses 298

9. Wens and hypertrophied members 300

10. Careless repetition 303

QUOTATION, &c., §§ 11-19

11. Common misquotations 305

12. Uncommon misquotations of well-known passages 305

13. Misquotation of less familiar passages 306

14. Misapplied and misunderstood quotations and phrases 306

15. Allusion 307

16. Incorrect allusion 308

17. Dovetailed and adapted quotations and phrases 308

18. Trite quotation 310

19. Latin abbreviations, &c. 311

GRAMMAR, §§ 20-37

20. Unequal yokefellows and defective double harness 311

21. Common parts 314

22. The wrong turning 316

23. Ellipse in subordinate clauses 317

24. Some illegitimate infinitives 317

25. Split infinitives 319

26. Compound passives 319

27. Confusion with negatives 321

28. Omission of _as_ 324

29. Other liberties taken with _as_ 324

30. Brachylogy 326

31. Between two stools 327

32. The impersonal _one_ 328

33. _Between ... or_ 328

34. _A_ placed between the adjective and its noun 329

35. _Do_ as substitute verb 330

36. Fresh starts 330

37. Vulgarisms and colloquialisms 331

MEANING, §§ 38-48

38. Tautology 331

39. Redundancies 332

40. _As to whether_ 333

41. Superfluous _but_ and _though_ 334

42. _If and when_ 334

43. Maltreated idioms 336

44. Truisms and contradictions in terms 339

45. Double emphasis 341

46. Split auxiliaries 342

47. Overloading 343

48. Demonstrative, noun, and participle or adjective 344

AMBIGUITY, §§ 49-52

49. False scent 345

50. Misplacement of words 346

51. Ambiguous position 347

52. Ambiguous enumeration 348

STYLE, § 53 to the end

53. Antics 348

54. Journalese 351

55. _Somewhat_, &c. 352

56. Clumsy patching 355

57. Omission of the conjunction _that_ 356

58. Meaningless _while_ 357

59. Commercialisms 358

60. Pet Phrases 359

61. _Also_ as conjunction; and _&c._ 359