CHAPTER II.

Education before the Foundation of the Society of Jesus.

The Jesuit System and Early Protestant Schools 17

§ 1. _Schools at the Close of the Middle Ages._

The Catholic Church and Medieval Education 21

Primary Schools 23

Secondary Schools 25

Schools in Italy 26

Schools in Scotland and England 28

Schools in Germany, France, and the Netherlands 31

The Older Humanists in Germany 34

Universities 38

§ 2. _Character of Medieval Education._

Trivium and Quadrivium 44

Scholasticism 45

Renaissance 47

Two Schools of Humanists 49

Condition of Education on the Eve of the Reformation 55

§ 3. _Education under the Influence of the Reformation._

Luther’s Alliance with the Humanists 57

Decline of the Schools 60

Luther’s Endeavor to Prevent the Total Ruin of the Schools 65

Effects of the English Reformation on the Schools 69

Catholic Counter-Reformation 71