Chapter 36

to end & chief part of Book II.)

PLAN OF SHANGTU From an Eye-Sketch by Dʳ. S. W. Bushell, 1872

Crossing of the HWANG-HO on road to SINGAN-FU]

---------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] On the walls of this archway is engraved the inscription in six characters, of which a representation accompanies ch. xv. of Prologue, note 1.

INDEX

Transcriber’s Note:

- Numbers in _italics_ refer to Prefatory Material in volume I - ‘i.’ and ‘ii.’ indicate volume referred to - ‘n’ indicates item is in Notes on that page - Index has been duplicated from volume II to volume I - Only links for this volume are enabled

Aás, Asu, _see_ Alans Abacan, a Tartar general, ii. 255, 261n, 596n Ábah, _see_ Ávah Abaji, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Abáḳa (Abaga), Khan of Persia, i. 33n, 36n, 91n, 103n, ii. 465–467, 474, 475, 477n, 495n Abano, Pietro of, his notice of Polo, _119_ Abash (Habsh), _see_ Abyssinia Abba Gregory, ii. 433n Abbás, Sháh, i. 90n Abbott, Consul Keith E., i. 81n, 82n, 89n, 92n, 96n, 99n, 106n, 111n, 113n, 114n, 125n Abdul Kuri islands, ii. 405n —— Mejid, i. 175n Abeskun (Baxon), on the Caspian, i. 59n Abher, i. 38n, 82n Abkashian forests, boxwood of the, i. 57n _Abnús_, ebony, ii. 272n Abraha, ruler of Yemen, ii. 434n Abraiaman, _see_ Brahmans Abubakr, Atabeg of Fars, i. 85n, ii. 348n —— Ibrahim, and Mahomed, engineers employed by Kúblái, ii. 168n Abu’l Abbas Ahmed VII., Khalif of Baghdad, i. 69n —— Fázl, i. 103n, 168n, 169n, ii. 367, 374n Abulfeda, his geography, _4_, i. 3n, 6n, 9n, 53n, 57n, 58n, 75n, 81n, 110n, 385n, ii. 237n, 286n, 367n, 377n, 486n, 489n; at the siege of Acre, 165n Abulfiez Khan, king of Bokhara, i. 88n Abu Nasr Mohammed IX., Khalif of Baghdad, i. 69n —— Saïd, i. 86n, ii. 347n Abyssinia (Abash), ii. 427 _seqq._, 431n; its king’s punishment of Soldan of Aden, 428–430; dominion on the coast, mediæval history and chronology, 434n–437n; table of kings, 435n; wars with Mahomedan states, 436n Acbalec Manzi, “White City of the Manzi frontier,” ii. 33, 34n, 35n Acbalec or Acbaluc (Cheng-ting fu), ii. 13, 14n Accambale, king of Champa, ii. 267, 270n Achan, i. 66n Achin, Acheh, Achem, ii. 283n, 286n, 295n, 296n, 300n, 303n, 305n, 307n; its gold and lign-aloes, 287n; conversion of, 288n; its great power at one time, 289n; elephants at, 289n —— Head, ii. 300n, 307n Achmath, the Bailo, _see_ Ahmad Acomat Soldan (Ahmad Sultan), seizes throne of Tabriz, ii. 467; goes to encounter Argon, 468; rejects his remonstrance, 469; defeats and takes him, 470; hears of Argon’s escape, is taken and put to death, 473; notes on the history, 470n, 474n Acorn bread, i. 122n Acqui, Friar Jacopo d’, his notice of Polo, _54_, _67_, _119_ Acre, i. 17, 22; Broils at, between Venetians and Genoese, _42_; plan of, 18n; captured by Saracens, ii. 165n, 441n; wickedness of, 442n; Polos at, 593n Adam, Bishop and Pope of China, ii. 28n —— Seth, and the Tree of Life, legend of, i. 135n Adamodana, Castle of, i. 58n Adam’s Apple, i. 99n —— sepulchre on mountain (Adam’s Peak) in Ceylon, ii. 316, 328n; rubies, 316n; his teeth, hair, etc., 319–320; the footmark, 321n–322n Adel, apparently confused with Aden, ii. 433n, 435n, 440n Aden, Horse and other Trade with India, ii. 340, 348n, 390, 407, 427, 431, 438; Soldan’s treatment of a bishop, 428; Vengeance of King of Abyssinia on him, 430; confused with Adel, 433n; account of Kingdom, 438, 439n–440n; the Sultan, 438–439, 440n; intercourse and trade with China, tanks, 440n; view of, 441 Adoration of the Emperor, i. 391 _Adulis_, ii. 432n; inscription of, 434n Aegae, Ayas on the site of ancient, i. 16n Aepyornis and its eggs, ii. 416n–417n Aëtius, his prescription of musk, i. 279n, ii. 302n; of camphor, 302n Afghans, their use of the fat-tailed sheep, i. 100n Africa, Sea surrounding to the South, ii. 415n Agassiz, Professor, i. 100n Agathocles, Coins of, i. 163n Ἀγαθοῦ δαίμονος, island, ii. 310n Agha Ali Sháh, present representative of the Old Man of the Mountain, i. 148n —— Khan Meheláti, late representative of the Old Man, i. 147n Aghrukji or Ukuruji, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Agricola, Governor of Cappadocia, etc., i. 45n Aguil, Mongol general, ii. 136, 138n Ahmad (Achmath), the Bailo, of Fenaket, his power, oppressions, death, etc., i. 415 _seqq._, 421n —— Sultan, Khan of Persia, _see_ Acomat Ahwaz, province, i. 65n Aidhab, ii. 439n Aidhej, or Mal-Amir, i. 85n Aijaruc, Kaidu’s daughter, ii. 463; her strength and prowess, 463 _seqq._; her name, 463 Aikah Nowin, Engineer in Chief of Chinghiz, ii. 168n Ai-lao (afterwards Nan-chao), ancient name of the Shans, ii. 79n _Aín Akbari_ (_Ayeen Akbery_), i. 65n, 99n, 101n, 103n, 409n, ii. 116n Ajmir, ii. 426n Akbar and Kúblái, a parallel, i. 349n Ak Bulák salt mines, i. 154n Akhaltziké (Western Georgia), i. 58n Akhtuba River, i. 5n, 6n Ak-khoja, ii. 470n Aksarai, or Ghori River, i. 152n Aksu River, i. 172n, 175n Aktár, i. 96n Áktásh Valley, i. 172n, 175n _Alabastri_, ii. 432n Alacou, _see_ Hulákú _Aladja_, striped cotton cloth, i. 44n Alamút, Castle of the Ismailites, i. 141n, 142n, 145n, 148n Alan country, Alania, i. 57n, ii. 490, 491n Alans, or Aas, massacre at Chang-chau of, ii. 178; employed under Mongols, 179n Alaone, the name, _56_ Alarm Tower, at Cambaluc, i. 375, 378n; at Kinsay, ii. 189 _Alatcha_, cotton stuff with blue and red stripes, i. 190n Alau, _see_ Hulákú Alá’uddin (Alaodin), _see_ Old Man of the Mountain —— (Alawating of Mufali), an engineer in Kúblái’s service, ii. 167n —— Khilji, Sultan of Delhi, i. 104n, ii. 163n, 169n, 333n, 398n, 400n Albenigaras, Mt., ii. 362n Al Biruni, i. 104n, 174n, ii. 400n Albuquerque, _see_ D’Alboquerque. Alchemy, Kúblái’s, i. 423 Aleppo, i. 23n Alexander the Great, allusions to legends and romances about, _113_, i. 14n, 129n–133n, ii. 322n, 485n; his rampart (Iron Gate), i. 50, 53n, 56n, 57n; the curtains at a banquet given by, 66n; and the _ferrum candidum_, 93n; site of his battle with Darius, 128, 138n; his wife Roxana, 151; kills a lion, 152n; Princes claiming descent from (Zulcarniain), 157, 160n; his horse Bucephalus, 158; fixes chains on Adam’s Peak, ii. 322n; said to have colonised Socotra, 409n; his tower on the border of Darkness, 485n Alexander III., Pope, i. 231n Alexander IV., Pope, i. 8n Alexandria, _9_, ii. 235; trade from India to, 390, 438 _Alhinde_, _Alfinde_, _Alinde_, _Al-hint_, i. 93n ’Ali and Aliites, i. 140n–141n Alidada, i. 452n Alihaiya, Kúblái’s general, ii. 167n Alinak, ii. 474n Alligator, in Carajan, ii. 76, 81n; mode of killing, 77; eaten, 78, 81n; prophecy of Bhartpúr about, 149n Almalik, ii. 462n Almanacs, Chinese (Tacuin), i. 447, 448n Almonds, i. 153, 155n Aloes, Socotrine, ii. 409n —— wood, _see_ Lign-aloes _Alor_, war cry, _43_ Al-Ramni, Al-Ramin, _see_ Sumatra Altai (Altay) Mountains, i. 212, 215n; the Khan’s burial-place, 246, 269; used for the Khingan range, 247n, 306n Altun-Khan, Mountain, i. 247n —— sovereign, ii. 19n Amazons, fable of, ii. 405n Ambergris, ii. 308n, 406, 411, 423, 424n; how got, 408n _Amber-rosolli_, i. 114n Amda Zion, king of Abyssinia, his wars _v._ Mahomedans, ii. 435n _seqq._; not the king mentioned by Polo, 436n Ament, Rev. W. S., i. 361n, 421n, ii. 6, 11, 12 _Ameri_, a kind of Brazil wood, ii. 301n, 380n Amhara, ii. 436n Amien, Mien (Burma), ii. 98, 99n Amita Buddha, i. 460n Ammianus Marcellinus, ii. 180n Amoy, ii. 231n, 232n; harbour, ii. 240n, 241n; languages, 244n _Amphora_, _Anfora_, ii. 417n Amu, Aniu, _see_ Anin _Amuki_, devoted comrades of the king, ii. 347n _Anamis_ (Minao) River, i. 114n Ananda, Kúblái’s grandson, ii. 29n, 31n Anár, i. 90n Anaurahta, king of Burma, ii. 99n, 329n Ancestor Worship, ii. 85, 96n Anchors, Wooden, ii. 386, 388n _Andaine_, _andena_, _andanicum_, _see_ Ondanique Andaman (Angamanain) islands, ii. 306; described, 307n, 309–312n; people, 308n, 309, 311n; form of the word, 310n _Andan_, _andun_, Wotiak for steel, i. 94n Andragiri, ii. 301n Andreas, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n, 436n Andrew, Bishop of Zayton, ii. 237n —— Grand Duke of Rostof and Susdal, i. 7n _Andromeda ovalifolia_, poisonous, i. 218n Angamanain, _see_ Andaman Angan, or Hanjám, i. 115n _’Angka_, gryphon, _see_ Ruc Angkor, ruins of, _13_ Ani in Armenia, i. 234n Animal Patterns, _see_ Patterns Anin, province, ii. 119, 120n, 121n, 123, 128n, 129n, 266n Annals of the Indo-Chinese States, ii. 106n ’An-nam, or Tong-king, ii. 120n Anselmo, Friar, i. 131n _Anthropoides Virgo_, the demoiselle, i. 297n Antioch, i. 24n Antongil Bay, Madagascar, ii. 414n Aotonomoff, Spasski, his ascent of Ararat, i. 49n _Apostoille_, word used for Pope, i. 12n Apples of Paradise (Konars), i. 97, 99n, ii. 365 Apricots, ii. 210n _’Apuhota_ (Kapukada?), ii. 380n Apushka (Apusca), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n Arababni, ii. 436n Arab geography, _132_ —— colonies in Madagascar, ii. 414n —— horses, early literary recognition of, ii. 349n; trade in, _see_ Horses —— merchants, in Southern India, ii. 376 —— Seamen’s Traditions about Java, ii. 274n Arabi (Arabs), i. 60 Arabia, ii. 438–451 Arabic character, i. 29n _Arachosía, arachoti_, ii. 329n, 402n _Araines_, ii. 461, 462n Arakan, ii. 100n, 286n, 290n, 298n Aram (Harám), Place of the, i. 139, 141n Ararat, Mount, i. 46; ascents of, 49n Arblasts, crossbows, ii. 78, 82n, 161n Arbre Sol, or Arbre Sec, Region of the (Khorasan), _113_, i. 38n, 83, 127, 128n–139n, ii. 466, 474, 475; tree described—_Chínár_ or Oriental plane, i. 127, 128n–138n; various readings, 129n; _Arbre seul_, a wrong reading, i. 129n, 138n; Tree of the Sun legend, 129n–131n; Christian legend of the Dry Tree, 131n; engrafted on legends of Alexander, 132n; Trees of Grace in Persia, 134n; Dry Trees in Mahomedan legend, 135n; in Rabbinical and Buddhist stories, and legends of the Wood of the Cross, 135n–136n; Polo’s _Arbre Sec_ to be sought near Damghan, 138n; Sabaean apologue, 138n; clue to the term _Arbre Sec_, 148n Arcali, Arculin, _see_ Erculin Architectural remains in Indo-China, _13_ Ardeshír Bábekán, first Sassanian king, i. 91n Ardeshír, last sovereign of Shabánkára, i. 86n Areca, ii. 309n, 374n _Areng Saccharifera_, ii. 297n Arezzo, i. 21n Argaeus, Mount, i. 44n Argali, ii. 483n Arghún, Khan of Persia (Polo’s Argon, Lord of the Levant), _23–24_, i. 14n, ii. 50, 466–467; sends an embassy to Kúblái for a wife, i. 32, 33n; is dead when she arrives, 35, 36n, 38n, 101n; his unhappy use of the elixir vitae, ii. 369n; advances against his uncle Ahmad, 467; harangues his chiefs, 468; sends Ahmad a remonstrance, 469; is taken prisoner, 470; released by certain chiefs, 471; obtains sovereignty, 472; his death, 474; his beauty, 478n Argons (Arghún), half-breeds, i. 101n, 284, 290n Arii, Ariana, ii. 402n Arikbuga, Kúblái’s brother, i. 334n Arimaspia, ii. 419n Arimaspian gold, ii. 419n Ariora-Keshimur, i. 86n, 98, 104n; meaning of _Ariora_, 104n Ariosto, i. 17n Aripo, ii. 335n, 337n Aristotle, _130_, i. 87n, 130n, ii. 409n Arjish (Arzizi), i. 45, 49n Arkasun Noian, ii. 474n _Arkhaiun_, applied to Oriental Christians or their Clergy, i. 290n Armenia, Greater, i. 45, 98 Armenia (Hermenia), Lesser or Cilician, _10_, i. 16, 20, 22, 23n, 41 Armenian Christians, i. 290n Armenians, i. 43, 45, 75 Armillary Zodiacal Sphere, i. 450n Armour of boiled leather, _see_ Cuirbouly Arms of Kerman, i. 90, 96n; of the Tartars, i. 260, 263n, ii. 460 Arredon River, i. 54n Arrow Divination, i. 243n Arrows, Tartar, ii. 460 Artacki, i. 281n Arts, the Seven, i. 13, 14n Aru, Cumahā, ii. 303n Arucki, i. 281n Aruk, ii. 474n Arulun Tsaghan Balghasun (Chagan-Nor), i. 297n, 306n Arya Chakravarti, ii. 316n Aryavartta, the Holy Lands of Indian Buddhism, i. 104n Arzinga (Erzingan), i. 45, 46n Arziron (Erzrum), i. 45, 48n Arzizi (Arjísh), i. 45, 49n Asbestos, and the Salamander, i. 212, 216n–217n Asceticism of the Sensin, i. 303; of the Jogis, ii. 365 Asedin Soldan (Ghaiassuddin Balban, Sultan of Delhi), i. 99, 104n, 105n Ashar (Asciar), king of Cail, ii. 370, 373n Ashishin, _see_ Assassins Ashod, founder of the Bagratid dynasty, i. 53n Ashurada, i. 59n Asikan, Mongol general, ii. 260n Asoka, ii. 328 _Asper_, or _akché_, about a groat, ii. 22, 23n Assai River, i. 54n Assassins (Ashishin, Hashíshin), Ismailites, i. 84n, 140; how the Old Man trained them, 142; murders by, 144n; their destruction, 145; survival and recent circumstances of the sect, 146n Asses, in Persia, i. 83, 87n, 88, 89n, 123, 225n; in Mongolia, 224, 225n, 397; in Madagascar, ii. 413, 421n; in Abyssinia, 431; in Far North, 479, 481n Asterius, Bishop of Amasia in Pontus, i. 66n Astrakhan (Gittarchan), i. 5n, 6n Astrolabe, i. 446 Astrology, -ers, in Tangut, i. 205; of Chinghiz, 241; at Kúblái’s Court, 301, 391; at Cambaluc, 446; of Tibet, ii. 49; at Kinsay, 191, 203; in Maabar, 344; in Coilum, 376 Astronomical instruments, ancient Chinese, i. 378n, 449n–454n Atabegs, of Mosul, i. 61n; of Lúr, 85n; of Fars, 85n, 121n; of Yezd, 88; of Kerman, 91n Atjeh, _see_ Achin Atkinson’s Narratives, and their credibility, i. 214n, 215n Atlas, Chinese, in Magliabecchian Library, ii. 193n Ἀτταγὰς (Black Partridge), i. 99 Attalus, King, i. 66n At-Thaibi family, i. 121n Auberoche, Siege of, ii. 163n, 165n Audh (Oudh), ii. 427n Aufat, Ifat, ii. 435n Augury, _see_ Omens Aung Khan (Unc Can), _see_ Prester John Aurangzíb, i. 168n Aurora, Ibn Fozlán’s account of, i. 8n Aussa, ii. 435n Ávah, Abah, Ava, one of the cities of the Magi, i. 80, 81n Avarian, epithet of S. Thomas, ii. 353, 355n–356n Avebury, Lord, on _couvade_, ii. 93n Avicenna’s classification of Iron, i. 94n _Avigi, ′afçi (falco montanus)_, i. 50, 57n Axum, Inscription, ii. 432n; Church of, 433n; Court of, 434n Ayas (Layas, Aiazzo, etc.), port of Cilician Armenia, _19_, i. 16, 17n, 20, 22, 41; Sea fight at, _43_, _46_, _54_ Ayuthia, _13_, ii. 278n, 279n _Azumiti_, ii. 432n Azure, Ultramarine (_lapis armenus_) Mines in Badakhshan, i. 157, 162n; in Tenduc, 284; ore, 365, 370n

Baba Buzurg, worshipped by the Lurs, i. 85n Baber, E. C., on Ch’êng-tú, ii. 38n; on wild oxen of Tibet, 52n; Lolos, 61n–63n; Gold River (Brius), 67n; the word Caindu, 70n; Talifu, 80n; Mekong River 88n; Zardandan, 89n; site of battle between Kúblái and king of Mien, 105n; descent of Mien, 108n Baboons, etymology, ii. 385n, 431 Báb-ul-abwáh, “The Gate of Gates,” Pass of Derbend, i. 53n Babylon, Babylonia (Cairo or Egypt), i. 22, 24n, ii. 226, 230n; Sultan of, i. 22, ii. 439, 473 Babylonish garments, i. 66n _Baccadeo_, indigo, ii. 382n Baccanor, ii. 386n Bacon, Roger, i. 94n, 426n; as geographer, _114_, _131_ Bacsi, _see_ Bakhshi Bactria, its relation to Greece, i. 160n Bacu, Sea of (Caspian), i. 59n Badakhshan (Badashan), i. 98, 104n, 154, 157; its population, 155n, 160n; capitals of, 156n; Mirs of, 156n, 160n; legend of Alexandrian pedigree of its kings, 157, 160n; depopulation of, 156n, 163n; scenery, 158n; dialects, 160n; forms of the name, 161n; great river of (Upper Oxus), 170 Badáún, ii. 427n Badger, Rev. Dr. G. P., i. 65n, ii. 444n Badghís, i. 150n, ii. 467 _Badgír_, Wind-catchers, ii. 452, 453n Badruddín Lúlú, last Atabeg of Mosul, i. 61n _Báfk_ (Báft), i. 89n, 111n, 122n Baghdad (Baudas), Baldac, taken by Alaü, Hulákú, i. 63; its Khalif, 63, 64; the miracle of the mountain, 69 —— Archbishop of, ii. 407 —— its indigo (_baccadeo_), ii. 382n Bagratidae, of Armenia, i. 42n; of Georgia, 52n Bagration-Mukransky, Prince, i. 53n Bahár, ii. 427n Bahárak, plain, i. 156n Bahá-uddin Ayaz, Wazir of Kalhát, i. 120n Bahá-ul-hakh, the Saint of Multán, ii. 82n Bahrámábád, i. 90n, 122n Bahrámjird Village, i. 113n Bahrein, ii. 348n Baiberdon, i. 49n Baiburt (Paipurth), Castle of, i. 48n, 49n Baidu Khan, i. 14n, ii. 475n; seizes throne of Persia, 476; displaced and killed by Gházán, 476; alleged to be a Christian, 476, 477n Bailo, the title, i. 417; etymology of, 421n Bakhshi (Bacsi), Lamas, i. 414, 445; their enchantments, 301, 302, 314n–318n; various meanings of the word, 314n Bakhtyáris of Lúristán, the, i. 87n Baku, oil fields of, i. 46, 49n; Sea of (Caspian), i. 59n _Balad-ul-Falfal_ (Malabar), ii. 377n _Baladi_, ii. 381n _Balalaika_, a two-stringed Tartar instrument, i. 339n _Balânjaríyah, devoted lieges_, ii. 347n Bala-Sagun, i. 232n Balas rubies, i. 157, 161n, ii. 362n Baldac, _see_ Baghdad _Baldacchini_ (_Baudekins_), brocades made at Baghdad, i. 63, 65n Baldwin II. (de Courtenay), last Latin Emperor of Constantinople, i. 2, 3n Bali, Island of, ii. 287n —— in Abyssinia, ii. 436n _Balios_, i. 421n _Balish_ (a money of account), ii. 218n _Balista_, always a crossbow in mediæval times, ii. 161n Balkh (Balc), i. 151 Balkhash Lake, ii. 459n Ballads, Genoese, on sea-fights at Ayas and Curzola, _43_ _seqq._ Ballard, Mr., ii. 382n, 387n Balor, Balaur, Bilaur, Malaur, Bolor, i. 172, 178n–179n _Bâlos_, Malacca boats with two rudders, i. 119n _Balsamodendron Mukul_, ii. 397n Balthazar, of the Magi, i. 78, 82n Bálti, i. 160n, 178n _Balustrade_, etymology of the word, _38_ Bamboo (always called canes by Polo), its multifarious uses, i. 299, 307n; Kúblái’s Chandu Palace made of, 299, 306n; great, on banks of Caramoran river, ii. 220; explode loudly when burning, 42, 43, 46n; large in Tibet, 48n; ropes of, 171, 174n; in Che kiang, 221n Bamian, caves at, i. 156n; huge recumbent image at, 221n _Bám-i-Duniah_, “Roof of the World,” i. 171, 174n Bamm, i. 113n Bandar Abbás (Bandar-Abbási), i. 86n, 89n, 106n, 122n Bandith, i. 98, 100n, 151 Bangala, _see_ Bengal Banzaroff, Dorji, on Shamanism, i. 258n Baptism, accompanied by branding, in Abyssinia, ii. 427, 432n Bara, ii. 305n Barac (Borrak), Khan of Chagatai, i. 9, 10n, 103n; his war with Arghún, ii. 458n, 467 Baradaeus, Jacob, or James Zanzale, Bishop of Edessa, i. 61n Barbaro, Josafat, i. 49n, 53n, 100n, 426n, 427n Barbarossa, Frederic, _36_, i. 82n Barberino, Francesco da, _36_, _118_, i. 117n _Barda’at_, saddle-cloths, i. 61n Bardesir, i. 112n Bardshír, Bardsír, Bard-i-Ardeshír, i. 92n Bargu (Barguchin Tugrum, or Barguti), plain, i. 269, 270n _Barguerlac, Syrrhaptes Pallasii_, a kind of sand grouse, i. 269, 272n; its migration into England, 273n Barguzinsk, i. 270n Barin, Mongol tribe, ii. 148n Bark, money made from, _108_, i. 423; fine clothes from, ii. 124, 127n Barka (Barca), Khan, ruler of Kipchak, i. 4, 5n, 103n, ii. 491; his war with Hulákú, i. 4, ii. 494 _seqq._ Barkul, i. 345n _Barkút, búrgút (bearcoote)_, eagle trained to the chase, i. 397, 399n Barlaam and Josaphat, Story of Saints, from Legend of Buddha, ii. 323n _seqq._ Barley, huskless, i. 158, 162n Baroch, ii. 367n _Baron-tala_, name applied by Mongols to Tibet, i. 214n Barons (Shieng or Sing), Kaan’s twelve, ii. 430 Barozzi, Nicolo, _30_, _70_ Barros, John de, i. 110n, 120n; geography of, _3_ Barsauma (St. Barsamo), i. 77 Barskul (Barscol), “Leopard Lake,” i. 343, 345n Bartizan, Kúblái’s wooden, i. 337, 339n Barus, Barros (Sumatra), its camphor, ii. 302n–303n, 304n _Barussae insulae_, ii. 310n _Barygaza_, ii. 397n, 408n Bashai (Pashai), i. 165n Bashkirds (Hungarians), i. 57n, ii. 492n Bashpah, Lama, and the Mongol character called after him, i. 28n, 353n, ii. 46n Basma, _see_ Pasei _Basmuls_ (Guasmuls), half-breeds, i. 284, 292n Basra (Bastra), noted for its date-groves, i. 63, 65n Bathang, ii. 45n, 48n, 56n, 67n, 70n Baths, natural hot, near Hormuz i. 110–122n; in Cathay, 442; public at Kinsay, ii. 189, 198n Batigala, Batticalla, ii. 426n, 443n Batochina, ii. 302n Bats, large, in India, ii. 345 Battas of Sumatra, and cannibalism, ii. 288n, 298n Batthála, Bettelar (Patlam in Ceylon), ii. 337n Battles, Kúblái _v._ Nayan, i. 336; Tartars _v._ king of Mien, ii. 101; Caidu _v._ Khan’s forces, 461; Borrak and Arghún, 467; Arghún and Ahmad, 470n; Hulákú and Barka, 496; Toktai and Nogai, 499 Bátú, Khan of Kipchak, founder of Sarai, _11_, i. 5n, 6n, 245, 247n; invades Russia, 490, 493n; made by Polo into two kings—Sain and Patu, 491, 492n; his character and cruelty, 492n Baudas, _see_ Baghdad _Baudekins_ (baldacchini), brocades made at Baghdad, i. 63, 65n _Bauduin de Sebourc_, _121_ _seqq._, ii. 141, 144, 189, 216 Bavaria, Duke Ernest of, a mediæval Romance, ii. 418n Bawárij, corsairs, ii. 410n Bayan Chingsian, Kúblái’s greatest Captain, i. 10n, 334n, 361n, ii. 138n, 208n, 462n; prophecy connected with his name, 145, 150n; his conquest of Manzi or South China, 146; his history and character, 148n, 149n; his exceptional cruelty at Chang-chau, 179, 180n Bayan, Khagan of the Avars, ii. 148n Bayan (Baian), Kúblái’s Master of the Hounds, i. 400, 401n Bayan, son of Nasruddin, ii. 104n Bayezid Ilderim, i. 45n Bdellium, ii. 397n Beads, Hindu, ii. 338, 347n Bears, i. 396, 397, 401, ii. 31, 37, 42, 78, 382, 411, 431; white in Far North, 479, 481n Beast and bird patterns, _see_ Patterns Beaten gold, i. 387, 388n Beaujeu, William de, Master of the Temple, i. 25n Beauty of—Georgians, i. 50, 53n; Khorasan women, 128; Kashmir women, 166; Sinju women, 276; _Argons_, or half-breeds, 284; the Ungrat or Kungurat tribe, 357; people of Coloman, ii. 122; Kinsay women, 186; Kaidu’s daughter, 463; Arghún Khan, 478; the Russians, 487 Beds, their arrangement in India, ii. 346, 352n Beef, not eaten in Maabar, except by the Govi, ii. 341, 350n; formerly eaten in India, 350n Bejas of the Red Sea Coast, ii. 425, 432n, 434n Belgutai, Chinghiz’s stepbrother, i. 334n “Belic” for “Melic,” ii. 470n Bell at Cambaluc, great, i. 375, 378n, 414 Bellál Rajas, ii. 367n _Belledi, balladi_, ginger so called, ii. 381n; Spanish use of the word, _ib._ Benares, brocades of, i. 66n Bendocquedar, _see_ Bundúkdári, Bíbars Benedict XII., Pope, ii. 179n Bengal (Bangala), _12_; king of Mien (Burma) and, ii. 98; why Polo couples these, 99n; relations between Burma and, 99n, 114; claim asserted by king of Burma to, 100n; alleged Mongol invasion of, 115n; its distance from Caugigu, 120; its currency, 123; confused with Pegu by Polo, 128n, 131n Beni Búya dynasty, i. 91n Benjamin of Tudela, on Alexander’s Rampart, i. 54n; on the Gryphon, ii. 418n Benzoin, etymology of, ii. 286n, 396n Berard, Thos., Master of the Temple, i. 23, 24n Berbera, Sea of, ii. 415n Berchet, G., _27_, ii. 507n Bereké, Bátu Khan’s brother, i. 5n Bernier, on Kashmir women’s beauty, i. 169n _Berrie_, the Arabic Băríya, a desert, i. 237n Bettelar, rendezvous of Pearl Fishers, ii. 331, 337n _Beyamini_, wild oxen of Tibet, ii. 50, 52n Bezant, i. 405, 424, 425, 426n, 427n, 444, ii. 41n, 186, 218n, 346n, 349n, 479; value of, 592n _Bhagavata_, ii. 346n Bhamó, and River of, ii. 70n, 105n, 107n, 108n, 113n Bhartpúr, prophecy about, ii. 149n Bhattis, the, i. 104n Bháwalpúr, i. 104n “Bhim’s Baby,” colossal idol at Dhamnár caves, i. 221n Bianco’s, Andrea, maps, i. 133n Biar, ii. 305n Bibars Bundúkdári, _see_ Bundúkdári Bielo Osero, ii. 486n _Bigoncio_, a firkin, i. 384n Bilúchis, i. 101n; their robber raids, 106n; Lumri or Numri, 114n Binh Thuan (Champa), ii. 268n Binkin, ii. 230n Bintang (Pentam), ii. 280, 284 Birch-bark vessels, i. 309n; books, ii. 124, 127n Bír-dhúl, or Bujardawal, cap. of Ma’bar, ii. 335n Bird-hunts, i. 269, 272n Birdwood, Sir G., ii. 396n, 446n, 449n Birhōrs of Chuta Nagpúr, ii. 298n Bir-Pandi, or Pira-Bandi, ii. 333n, 334n Birthday, celebration of Kúblái’s, i. 387 Bishbalik (Urumtsi), i. 214n, 440n Bishop, of Male Island, ii. 404; story of an Abyssinian, 428 Bitter bread, i. 110, 122n —— water, i. 110, 122n, 194 Blac, Blachia (Lac, Wallach), ii. 489n _Black-bone_, Chinese name for Lolos, ii. 63n Black Crane (Kará Togorü), i. 296, 297n —— Saints, White Devils in India, ii. 355, 359n —— Sea, M. Maurum _v._ Nigrum, i. 2, 3n, 57n —— Sect of Tibet, i. 324n Blacker, the more beautiful, ii. 355 Blaeuw, map, i. 102n Blochmann, Professor H., i. 114n, ii. 116n Block-books, supposed to have been introduced from China, _139_ Block-printing in Persia, i. 429n Blood-sucking, Tartar, i. 261, 264n _Blous, bloies_, i. 327n Boar’s tusks, huge (Hipp.), ii. 413 _Boccassini_, i. 62n Bode, Baron de, i. 85n Bodhisatva Avalok., ii. 265n Bodleian MS. of Polo, _18_, _92_, _94_; list of miniatures in, ii. 528n Boeach, mistake for Locac, and its supposed position, ii. 280n Boemond, Prince of Antioch and Tripoli, letter of Bibar to, i. 24n Boga (Bukā), a great Mongol officer, delivers Arghún, ii. 471, 472, 474n Boghra Khan, i. 188n Bohea country, ii. 222n, 224n Bohra, sect of W. India, i. 148n Boikoff, Russian Envoy, i. 218n Bokhara (Bocara), i. 9, 10 Boleyn, Anne, her use of buckram, i. 47n Bolgana, Queen, _see_ Bulughán Bolgarskoye (called also Uspenskoye), i. 7n _Bolghar_, _borgal_, _borghal_, Russia leather, i. 6n, 394, 395n Bolghar (Bolgara), on the Volga, i. 4, 6n, ii. 481n, 486n, 493n; ruins of, i. 7n; court of, 384n Bolivar, Padre, S. J., his account of the Condor (_Rukh_) of Africa, ii. 420n, 597n Bolor, i. 172, 178n, 179n Bombay, ii. 396n, 449n Bonaparte, Prince Roland, _Recueil des Documents de l’Époque Mongole_, i. 14n, 28n Bonga, ii. 96n Bonheur, Rosa, i. 277n Boniface VIII., Pope, _44_, _52_, _54_, i. 23n Bonin, C. E., i. 203n, 249n, 276n, 282n, 286n Bonocio di Mestro, _67_ Bonpos, old Tibetan Sect, i. 314n, 321n, 323n Bonús, ebony, ii. 268, 272n Bonvalot, i. 200n Book of Marco Polo, its contents, _80_; original language, French, _81_; oldest Italian MS., _82_; “Geographic Text,” in rude French, _83_ _seqq._; various types of Text—(1) “Geographic,” _90_; (2) Pauthier’s MSS., _92_; (3) Pipino s Latin, _95_; Preface to, ii. 525n; Grynæus’ Latin, _95_; Müller’s reprint, _96_; (4) Ramusio’s Italian edition, its peculiarities, _96–101_; probable truth about it, _99_; bases of it, _100_; MS. and some of its peculiarities, _101_; general view of the relations of the texts, _101_; notice of an old Irish version, 102; geographical data, _109_; how far influenced in form by Rustician, _112_; perhaps in description of battles, _113_; diffusion and number of MSS., _116_; basis of present version, _141_ _seqq._; specimens of different recensions of text, ii. 522n–524n; distribution of MSS., 526n; miniatures in, 527n, 529n; list of MSS., 532n–552n; Tabular view of the filiation of chief MSS., 552; Bibliography, 553n–582n; titles of works cited, 582n–590n; Spanish edition, 598n Bore in Hang-chau Estuary, ii. 208n _Borgal_, _see_ _Bolghar_ Bormans, Stanislas, ii. 602n, 603n Born, Bertram de, _44_ Borneo, camphor, _see_ Camphor —— tailed men of, ii. 302n Boro Bodor, Buddhist Monument, Java, _13_, ii. 275n Borrak, Amir, Prince of Kerman (Kutlugh Sultan?), i. 91n —— Khan of Chaghatai, _see_ Barac Borús, the, ii. 310n Bostam, i. 138n _Boswellia thurifera_, ii. 396n, 446n, 448n; _serrata_, 446n; _Carterii_, 448n; _Bhauda-jiana_, 448n; _papyrifera_, 448n; _Frereana_, 448n; _glabra_, 396n Bouqueran, _see_ Buckram Bourne, F. S. A., ii. 60n, 131n Boxwood forests in Georgia, i. 50, 57n _Bozzí_, i. 212n Bra, the word, _45_ Bracelets, in Anin, ii. 119 Bragadino, Marco, husband of Marco Polo’s daughter, Fantina, _76_ —— Pietro, _76_ Brahmanical thread, ii. 363 Brahmans (Abraiaman), fish-charmers to the pearl fishery, ii. 332, 337n; their character and virtues, 363, 367n; their king, 364; their omens, 364, 368n, 369n; longevity, 365; _Chughi_, 365; Palladian legend of, 405n Brahma’s temple, Hang-chau, ii. 212n, 213n Brahuis, i. 101n Brakhimof, early capital of Bulgaria, i. 7n Brambanan, ruins at, _13_ Bran (Tibetan _tsamba_), parched barley, i. 303, 321n Brazil wood, in Locac, ii. 276, 279n; in Sumatra, 299; manner of growth, _ib._, 309n; in Ceylon, 313, 315n; in Coilum (_Coilumin_), 375, 380n; different kinds, _ib._; vicissitudes of the word, 380n; its use prohibited by Painters’ Guild, 382n Bread, bitter, i. 110, 122n Brephung monastery, i. 319n _Bretesche_, i. 339n Bretschneider, Dr. Emil (_Medical Researches_), ruins of Bolghar, i. 7n; the Uíghúr character, 28n; Caucasian Wall, 54n; use of muslin in Samarkand, 62n; on _nakh_ and _nachetti_, 65n; Hulákú’s expedition to West Asia, 66n, 85n, 146n, 148n; an extract from the _Yüan Si_, 115n; Badakhshan, 161n; Kashgar, 183n; Shachau, 206n; Kamul, 211n; Chingintalas, 214n; the _Stipa inebrians_, 219n; the Utikien Uigúrs, 227n; Erdenidso Monastery, 228n; Belasagun, 232n; death of Chinghiz, 248n; _tung lo_ or _kumiz_, 259n; Kúblái’s death, 334n; Peking, 366n, 368n, 370n, 372n, 376n–378n, ii. 5n, 6n, 8n; _verniques_, i. 384n; clepsydra, 385n; the Bularguchi, 408n; Achmath’s biography, 421n; paper-money, 430n; post stations, 437n; Chinese intoxicating drinks, 441n; regulations for time of dearth, 444n; Lu-Ku-K’iao Bridge, ii. 8n; introduction of plants from Asia into China, 16n; _morus alba_, 25n; Tibet, 46n; bamboo explosions, 46n; the Si-fans, 60n; Cara-jang and Chagan-jang, 73n; Nasr-uddin, 104n; the Alans, 180n; rhubarb in Tangut, 183n; Polo’s “large pears,” 210n; on galangal, 229n; on sugar, 230n; on Zayton, 238n; on wood-oil, 252n; on ostrich, 437n; on Si-la-ni, 316n; on frankincense, 449n; on Magyars, 492n; on Mongol invasion of Poland and Silesia, 493n Brichu (Brius, the Upper Kiang), ii. 67n Bridges of Pulisanghin, ii. 3; Sindafu (Ch’êngtu), 37; Suchau, 181; Kinsay, 185, 187, 194n, 201, 212; Kien-ning fu, 225, 228n; Fuchau, 233n, 234n; Zayton, or Chinchau, 241n Brine-wells, _see_ Salt Brius River (Kin-sha Kiang, Gold River), ii. 36, 40n, 56, 67n Brown, G. G., ii. 35n —— Sir Thomas, ii. 420n, 424n; on Polo, _115_ Bruce’s Abyssinian Chronology, ii. 435n _seqq._ Brunetto Latini’s Book, _Li Tresor_, _88_, _117_ Brunhilda, ii. 466n Bruun, Professor Ph., of Odessa, i. 6n, 54n, 232n–235n Bucephala, of Alexander, i. 105n Bucephalus, breed of, i. 158, 162n Buckrams, of Arzinga, i. 45; described, 47n; etymology, 48n; at Mardin, 61, 62n; in Tibet, ii. 45; at Mutfili, 361, 363n; Malabar, 389, 395, 398, 431 Buddha, _see_ Sakya Muni Buddhism, Buddhists, _see_ Idolatry, Idolaters Buddhist Decalogue, i. 170n Buffaloes in Anin, ii. 119 Buffet and vessels of Kúblái’s table, i. 382, 384n _Bugaei_, ii. 432n Buka (Boga), a great Mongol chief, ii. 471, 472, 474n Buka Bosha, 1st Mongolian Governor of Bokhara, i. 10n Búkú Khan, of the Hoei-Hu, or Uighúrs, i. 227n Bularguji (Bularguchi), “The Keeper of Lost Property,” i. 403, 407n Bulgaria, Great, ii. 286n Bulughán (Bolgana), Queen, _23_, i. 32, 33n, 38n, ii. 474n —— another, ii. 475n Bundúkdár, Amír Aláuddín Aidekín (“The Arblaster”), i. 24n Bundúkdári, Malik Dáhir Ruknuddín Bíbars (Bendocquedar), Mameluke Sultan of Egypt, i. 22, 23n–25n, 145n, ii. 424n, 433n, 436n, 494n; killed by kumiz, 259n Buraets, or Burgats, the, i. 258n, 283n Búrkán Káldún, i. 247n Burma (or Ava), King of, ii. 98, 99n. (_See_ also Mien.) Burnell, Arthur, ii. 335n, 359n, 386n Burning the Dead, _see_ Cremation —— heretical books, i. 321n —— paper-money, etc., at funerals, i. 204, 208n, 267, 268n, ii. 191 —— Widows in South India, ii. 341, 349n Burrough, Christopher, i. 9n Burton, Captain R. F., ii. 597n Bushell, Dr. S. W., his visit to Shang-tu, i. 26n, 304n, 305n, 412n; on the Khitan Scripts, 28n; Tangut rulers, 205n; orders for post-horses, 353n Butchers, in Kashmir, i. 167; Tibet, 170n; S. India, ii. 342 Butiflis (Mutfili), ii. 362n Butler, _Hudibras_, ii. 92n Buyid dynasty, i. 86n

Ca’ Polo, Ca’ Milion, Corte del Millioni, the house of the Polos at Venice, _4_, _26_ _seqq._, _53_, _70_, _77_ Caaju, castle of, i. 244 Cabs, Peking, ii. 211n Cacanfu (Hokiang-fu), ii. 127, 132 Cachanfu (P’uchau-fu, Ho-chung-fu), ii. 22, 25n Cachar Modun, i. 404, 408n Cachilpatnam, ii. 387n _Cadmia_, i. 126n Caesalpinia, ii. 380n; and _see_ Brazil Caesarea of Cappadocia (Casaria, Kaisaríya), i. 43, 44n Caichu, castle of (Kiai-chau, or Hiai-chau?), ii. 17, 19n, 26n Caidu, _see_ Kaidu Caiju, on the Hwang-Ho, ii. 142 —— on the Kiang, Kwachau, ii. 171, 174 Cail (Káyal), ii. 370, 372n–373n; a great port of Commerce, 370, 373n; the king, _ib._; identified, 372; meaning of name, _ib._; remains of, _ib._ Caindu (K’ien-ch’ang), a region of Eastern Tibet, ii. 53, 70n Caingan (Ciangan, Kiahing), ii. 184n, 185n Cairo, ii. 439n; museum at, 424n; ventilators at, 452n. (_See_ Babylon.) Caiton, _see_ Zayton Cala Ataperistan (Kala’ Atishparastán), “Castle of the Fire Worshippers,” i. 78 Calachan (Kalaján), i. 281, 282n Calaiate, Calatu, _see_ Kalhát Calamanz, the word, ii. 272n Calamina, city, ii. 357n Caldwell, Rev. Dr. R., on devil-dancing among the Shanars, ii. 97n; on name of Ceylon, 314n; on Shahr-Mandi and Sundara Pandi, 333n; on the Tower at Negapatam, 336n; etymology of Chilaw, 337n; on Pacauta, 346n; Govis, 349n; singular custom of arrest, 350n–351n; rainy season, 351n; food of horses, _ib._; Shanar devil-images, 359n; _choiach_, 368n; Cail, or Kayál city, 372n, 373n; _Kolkhoi_, 373n; King Ashar of Cail, _ib._; _Kollam_ 377n; _Pinati_, 380n; etymology of Sapong, _ib._; Cape Comorin, 383n Calendar, Ecclesiastical Buddhist, i. 220, 222n; the Tartar, 447, 448n; of Brahmans, ii. 368n–369n; of Documents relating to Marco Polo and his family, 505n _seqq._ Calicut, ii. 380n, 381n, 388n, 391n, 440n; King of, and his costume, 346n Calif, _see_ Khalif Caligine, Calizene (Khálij, a canal from Nile), ii. 439n Camadi (City of Dakiánús), ruined, i. 97, 113n Cambaluc (Khanbaligh, or Peking), capital of Cathay, _12_, i. 38n, ii. 3, 132, 213n, 320; Kúblái’s return thither after defeating Nayan, i. 348; the palace, 362; the city, 374; its size, walls, gates, and streets, the Bell Tower, etc., 375n–378n; period of khan’s stay there, 411; its suburbs and hostelries, 412; cemeteries, women, patrols, 414; its traffic, 415; the Emperor’s Mint, 423; palace of the Twelve Barons, 431; roads radiating from, 433; astrologers of, 446 Cambay (Cambaet, Cambeth, Kunbáyat), kingdom of, ii. 394n, 397, 398n, 403n, 426n, 440n, 443n Cambuscan, of Chaucer, corruption of Chinghiz, i. 247n Camel-bird, _see_ Ostrich Camels, mange treated with oil, i. 46; camlets from wool of, 281, 284; white, 281, 283n; incensing, 309n; alleged to be eaten in Madagascar, ii. 411; really eaten in Magadoxo, 413n; ridden in war, 423, 425n Camexu, Kamichu, _see_ Campichu Camlets (cammellotti), i. 281, 283n, 284 Camoens, ii. 266n Camphor (_Laurus Camphora_) trees in Fo-kien, ii. 234, 237n —— of Sumatra, ii. 287n; Fansuri, 299, 302n; earliest mention of, 302n; superstitions regarding, 303n; description of the tree, _Dryabalanops Camphora_, 303n–304n; value attached by Chinese to, 304n; recent prices of, _ib._; its use with betel, 371, 374n —— oil, ii. 304n Campichu (Kanchau), city of, i. 219, 220n Camul (Kamul), province, i. 209, 211n, 214n _Camut_, fine shagreen leather, i. 394, 395n Canal, Grand, of China, ii. 132, 139, 140, 141n, 143n, 152n, 154n, 209n, 222n; construction of, 174, 175n Canale, Cristoforo, MS. by, _34_, _37_ —— Martino da, French Chronicle of Venice by, _88_ Cananor, kingdom, ii. 388n Cananore, ii. 386n, 387n Canara, ii. 390n, 397n Cancamum, ii. 397n _Canela brava_, ii. 390n Canes, Polo’s name for bamboos, _q.v._ Cannibalism, ii. 293, 294, 298n, 311n, 312n; ascribed to Tibetans, Kashmiris, etc., i. 301, 312n, 313n; to Hill-people in Fo-kien, ii. 225, 228n; to islanders in Seas of China and India, 264; in Sumatra, 284, 288n; regulations of the Battas, 288n; ascribed to Andaman islanders, 309, 311n Cannibals, _i.e._ Caribs, ii. 311n, 405n Canonical Hours, ii. 368–369n Cansay, _see_ Kinsay Canton, _3_, ii. 199n, 237n Cape Comorin, _see_ Comari, Temple at, _76_ —— Corrientes (of Currents), ii. 415n, 417n, 426n —— Delgado, ii. 424n —— of Good Hope, ii. 417n _Capidoglio_ (_Capdoille_), sperm-whale, ii. 414n Cappadocian horses, i. 44n Capus, G., i. 129n 162n Caracoron (Kará Korum), i. 66n, 226, 227n, 269, ii. 460, 462n Carajan (Caraian, Karájang, or Yun-nan), province, _21_, ii. 64, 66, 67n, 72n, 76, 86 Caramoran River (Hwang-Ho), ii. 142, 143n, 144n, 151 Carans, or Scarans, i. 100n Caraonas (Karaunahs), a robber tribe, i. 98, 101n, 121n Carats, i. 359n _Carbine_, etymology of, i. 101n Cardinal’s Wit, i. 21n Caribs, _i.e._ cannibals, ii. 311n, 405n Carpets, of Turcomania (Turkey), i. 43, 44n; Persian, 66n; Kerman, 96n Carriages, at Kinsay, ii. 205, 206; Chinese, 211n Carrion, shot from engines, ii. 163n _Carta Catalana_, Catalan Map of 1375, _134_, i. 57n, 59n, 82n, 161n, ii. 221n, 243n, 286n, 362n, 386, 396n, 494n _Carte_, _à la_, ii. 486n Carts, Mongol, i. 254n Casan, _see_ Gházán Khan Casaria (Caesarea of Cappadocia), i. 43, 44n Cascar (Kashgar), i. 180, 182n; _Chaukans_ of, 193n Casem, _see_ Kishm Caspian Sea (Sea of Ghel or Ghelan), ancient error about, _2_, _129_; its numerous names, i. 52, 58n, 59n, ii. 494n Cassay, _see_ Kinsay Cassia, ii. 59n, 60n, 390n, 391n —— buds, ii. 59n, 391n —— fistula, ii. 398n Castaldi, Panfilo, his alleged invention of movable types, _139–140_ Castambol, i. 45n Castelli, P. Cristoforo di, i. 52n, 53n Casvin (Kazvín), a kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 84n, 101n, 141n Catalan Navy, _38–39_ Cathay (Northern China), _3_; origin of name, _11_, _15_, i. 60, 76n, 285, 414, 418, 441, ii. 10, 127, 132, 135, 139, 140, 192, 391n, 457; coal in, i. 442; idols, ii. 263; Cambaluc, the capital of, _see_ Cambaluc Cathayans, _v_. Ahmad, i. 415 _et seqq._; their wine, 441; astrologers, 446; religion, 456; politeness, filial duty, gaol deliveries, gambling, 457 Catholics, ii. 407; Catholicos, of Sis, i. 42n; of the Nestorians, 61n, 62n Cators (_chakors_), great partridges, i. 296, 297n Cat’s Head Tablet, i. 356n Cats in China, ii. 350n Caucasian Wall, i. 53n, 54n Caugigu, province, ii. 116, 120, 123, 128n, 131n Caulking, of Chinese ships, ii. 250, 251n Cauly, Kauli (Corea), i. 343, 345n Causeway, south of the Yellow River, ii. 153n Cauterising children’s heads, ii. 432n Cave-houses, i. 154, 156n, ii. 150n Cavo de Eli, ii. 386n —— de Diab, ii. 417n Cayu (Kao-yu), ii. 152 Celtic Church, ii. 370n Census, of houses in Kinsay, ii. 192; tickets, _ib._ Ceremonial of Mongol Court, _see_ Etiquette Ceylon (Seilan), ii. 312–314; circuit of, 310n; etymology of, 314n; customs of natives, 315; mountain of Adam’s (_alias_ Sagamoni Borcan’s) Sepulchre, 316, 321n; history of Buddha, 317; origin of idolatry, 318 _seqq._; subject to China, 392n Ceylon, King of, his pearl-ponds, ii. 337n Chachan (Charchan, Charchand), i. 192n, 194, 195n, 196n Chagatai (Sigatay), Kúblái’s uncle, son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 10n, 14n, 98, 102n, 183, 186n, ii. 457, 458n, 459 Chaghán-Jáng, ii. 72n, 73n Chaghan-Kuren, ii. 23n Chaghan-Nor (“White Lake”), N.E. of Kamul, i. 214n —— (Chaghan, or Tsaghan Balghasun), site of Kúblái’s palace, i. 296, 297n, 306n, 422n, ii. 14n Chairs, silver, i. 351, 355n _Chakor_ (_cator_), great partridges, i. 296, 297n Chalcedony and jasper, i. 191, 193n Chalukya Malla kings, ii. 336n Champa (Chamba), kingdom of, ii. 266, 268n, 424, 426n, 596n; Kúblái’s expedition _v._, 267; the king and his wives, 268, 271n; products, 268, 271n–272n; locality, 269–270n; invaded by king of Lukyn, 279n Chandra Banu, ii. 315n Chandu (Shangtu), city of peace of Kúblái, i. 25, 298, 304n, 410–411, 435 Changan, ii. 182, 184n Chang-chau (Chinginju), ii. 178, 179n —— in Fo-kien, ii. 233n, 238n; Zayton(?), 238n; Christian remains at, 240n–241n Ch’ang Ch’un, _travels_, i. 62n Changgan (Chang-ngan), ii. 27–29n _Chang-kia-Kau_, the gate in the Great Wall, i. 56n Chang K’ien, ii. 16n Chang-shan (Chanshan), ii. 198n, 199n, 219, 221n, 222n, 224n Ch’ang Te (the Chinese traveller), _Si Shi Ki_, i. 64n, 66n Chang Te-hui, a Chinese teacher, i. 309n Chang-y (Chenchu), i. 417–419, 422n Chang Yao, Chinese general, i. 211n _Cháo de Bux_ (_Cavo di Bussi_), boxwood, i. 57n Chaohien, Sung Prince, ii. 150n _Cháo-Khánahs_, bank-note offices in Persia, i. 429n Cháo Naiman Sumé Khotan, or Shangtu, “city of the 108 temples,” i. 304n _Cháo_, paper-money, i. 426n, 429n _Cháo_, title of Siamese and Shan Princes, ii. 73n Chaotong, ii. 130n Chapu, ii. 199n Characters, written, four acquired by Marco Polo, i. 27; one in Manzi, but divers spoken dialects, ii. 236 Charchan (Chachan of Johnson, Charchand), i. 192n, 194, 195n, 196n Charcoal, store in Peking, palace garden of, i. 370n Charities, Kúblái’s, i. 439, 443, 444; Buddhistic and Chinese, 446n; at Kinsay, ii. 188, 198n Charles VIII., of France, i. 398n Chau dynasty, i. 347n Chaucer, quoted, i. 3n, 5n, 17n, 161n, 247n, 386n, ii. 11n _Chaukans_, temporary wives at Kashgar, i. 193 Chaul, ii. 367n Cheapness in China, ii. 202 Cheetas, or hunting leopards, i. 397, 398n Cheh-kiang, cremation common during Sung dynasty in, ii. 135n; roads into Fo-kien from, 224n Cheinan, Gulf of, ii. 266 Chenchau, or Iching hien, ii. 173n, 174n Chenching (Cochin-China), ii. 268n–269n, 277n Chenchu (Chang-y), conspires with Vanchu _v._ Ahmad, i. 417–419, 422n Ch’eng-ting fu, ii. 13, 14n Ch’êng-Tsu (Yung-lo), Emperor, ii. 392n Ch’êng-tu (Sze-ch’wan), ii. 32n, 34n, 35n Ch’êngtu-fu (Sindafu), ii. 36, 37n Cheu, the Seven, ii. 277n Chibai and Chiban, ii. 459, 462n Chichiklik Pass, i. 172n, 175n Chien-ch’ang (Caindu), ii. 70n. (_See_ K’ien ch’ang.) Chihli, plain of, ii. 14n Chilaw, ii. 337n Chiliánwála, battlefield of, i. 105n Chilu-ku, last Karakhitai king, ii. 20n Chin, Sea of, ii. 264, 265, 266n, 270n China, _134_; _Imperial Maritime Customs Returns for 1900_, ii. 173n; Dominicans in, 240n; paved roads in, 189, 198n; relations with Korea and Japan, 262n; the name, 265n; king of Malacca at Court of, 282n; trade from Arabia to, 348n; from Sofala in Africa, 400n. (_See_ also Cathay and Manzi.) Chinangli (T’sinan-fu), ii. 133, 135, 137n _Chínár_, Oriental planes, i. 128n, 138n Chinchau, Chincheo, Chinchew, Chwanchew, Tswanchau, _see_ Zayton Chinese, Polo ignorant of the languages, _110_, i. 29n; epigrams, 170n; funeral and mourning customs, 207n, ii. 191; feeling towards Kúblái, i. 421n; religion and irreligion, 456, 458n; their politeness and filial piety, 457, 462n; gambling, 457; character for integrity, ii. 204, 210n; written character and varieties of dialect, 236; ships, 249 _seqq._; pagodas at Negapatam and elsewhere, 336n; coins found in Southern India, 337n; pottery, 372n–373n; trade and intercourse with Southern India, 373n, 378n, 386, 390, 392n Chinghian-fu (Chinkiang-fu), ii. 175, 176, 177n Chinghiz Khan, _10_, _11_, i. 5n, 10n, 12n, ii. 458n, 479, 481n; reported to be a Christian, i. 14n; Aung Khan’s saying of, 27n; his use of Uíghúr character, 28n; Erzrum taken by, 49n; harries Balkh, 151n; captures Talikan, 154n; ravages Badakhshan, 163n; his respect for Christians, 186n, 242n, 243n; subjugates Kutchluk Khân, 189n; his campaigns in Tangut, 206n, 218n, 225n, 281n; Rubruquis’ account of, 237n, 239n; made king of the Tartars, 238; his system of conquests, 238; and Prester John, 239–241; divining by twigs—presage of victory, 241; defeats and slays Prester John, 244; his death and burial-place, 244, 245n, 249n; his aim at conquest of the world, 245n; his funeral, 250n; his army, 262, 265n; defeats the Merkits, 270n; relations between Prester John’s and his families, 284, 288n; the Horiad tribe, 300, 308n; his prophecy about Kúblái, 331n; rewards his captains, 351n; captures Peking, ii. 8n; defeats and slays Taiyang Khan, 20n; his alleged invasion of Tibet, 46n; his mechanical artillery, 168n; his cruelty, 181n; Table of Genealogy of his House, 505n Chinghiz Tora, ii. 481n Ching-hoang tower at Hangchau-fu, ii. 214n Chinginju (Chang-chau), ii. 178 Chingintalas, province, i. 212; its identification, 214n, 215n Chingkim, Chinkin, Chimkin, Kúblái’s favourite son and heir-apparent, i. 38n, 359, 360n, 418, 422n; his palace, 366, 372n Chingsang, Ching-siang (Chinisan), title of a Chief Minister of State, i. 432n, ii. 145, 148n, 150n, 218n Chingting-fu (Acbaluc), ii. 13, 14n Chingtsu, or Yung-lo, Emperor, ii. 392n _Chíní_, coarse sugar, ii. 230n Chinju (Tinju), ii. 153, 154n _Chin-tan_, or _Chínasthána_, Chinese etymology of, ii. 119n Chinuchi, Cunichi, Kúblái’s Masters of the Hounds, i. 400, 401n Chipangu (Japan), ii. 253, 256n; account of Kúblái’s expedition _v._, 255, 258; its disasters, 255–256; history of expedition, 260n _seqq._; relations with China and Korea, 262n Chitral, i. 154n, 160n, 165n, 166n _Chloroxylon Dupada_, ii. 397n Cho-chau (Juju), ii. 10, 11n, 131n _Choiach_, the term, ii. 364, 368n Chola, or Sola-desam (Soli, Tanjore), ii. 335n, 336n, 364, 368n Chonka (Fo-kien), kingdom of, ii. 231, 232n, 236; explanation of name, 232n Chonkwé, ii. 232n Chorcha, _see_ Churchin Christian, astrologers, i. 241, 446; churches in China, early, ii. 27n; inscription of Singanfu, 28n; Alans in the Mongol service, ii. 178, 179n Christianity, attributed to Chinghizide princes, i. 14n, ii. 476, 477n; Kúblái’s views on, i. 344n —— former, of Socotra, ii. 410n Christians, of the Greek rite, Georgians, i. 50; and Russians, ii. 486; Jacobite and Nestorian, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n; among the Kurds, 60, 62n; and the Khalif of Baghdad—the miracle of the mountain and the one-eyed cobbler, 68–73; Kashgar, 182, 183n; in Samarkand, 183, 186n; the miracle of the stone removed, 185; Yarkand, 187; Tangut, 203, 207n; Chingintalas, 212; Suh-chau, 217; Kan-chau, 219; in Chinghiz’s camp, 241; Erguiul and Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 285; Nayan and the Khan’s decision, 339, 344; at Kúblái’s Court, 388; in Yun-nan, ii. 66, 74n; Cacanfu, 132; Yang-chau, 154n; churches at Chin-kiang fu, 177; at Kinsay, 192; St. Thomas’, 353–354; Coilum, 375; Male and Female Islands, 404; Socotra, 406; Abyssinia and fire baptism, 427, 432n; of the Girdle, 432n; in Lac (Wallachia), 487 _Chrocho_, the Rukh (_q.v._), ii. 415n _seqq._ Chronology and chronological data discussed, first journey of the Polos, i. 3n; war between Barka and Hulákú, 8n; Polos’ stay at Bokhara, 10n; their departure and their second journey from Acre, 23n; their return voyage and arrival in Persia, 38n; story of Nigudar, 103n; Hormuz princes, 120n; destruction of Ismailites, 146n; history of Chinghiz, 239n, 242n, 247n; Kúblái’s birth and accession, 334n; Nayan’ rebellion, 334n, 346n; Polo’s visit to Yun-nan, ii. 81n; battle with the king of Mien, 104n; wars between China and Burma, 104n–106n, 111n, 114n; value of Indo-Chinese, 106n; conquest of S. China, 148n, 149n; capture of Siang-yang, 167n; Kúblái’s dealings with Japan, 260n–261n; with Champa, 270n; Marco’s visit to Japan, 271n; Kúblái’s Java expedition, 275n; review of the Malay, 282n; events in Ma’bar, 333n; King Gondophares, 357n; cessation of Chinese navigation to India, 391n; Abyssinia, 434n _seqq._; Kaidu’s wars, 462n, 467n; Mongol revolutions in Persia, notes from, 470n–475n; wars of Toktai and Noghai, 497. (_See_ also _Dates_.) Chrysostom, i. 81n Chuchu, in Kiang-si, ii. 224n, 229n Chughis, _see_ Jogis Chung-Kiang, ii. 40n Chungkwé, “Middle Kingdom,” ii. 232n Chung-tu, or Yen-King (Peking, _see_ Cambaluc) _Ch’ura_, i. 265n Churches, Christian, in Kashgar, i. 182; Samarkand, 185; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 287n; early, in China, ii. 27n; Yang-chau, 154n; Chin-kiang fu, 177; Kinsay, 192; Zayton, 238n, 240n; St. Thomas’s, 354–355, 356n; Coilum, 377n; Socotra, 409n–410n Churchin, or Niuché, Churché, Chorcha (the Manchu Country), i. 231n, 343, 344n Cielstan, Suolstan (Shúlistán), i. 83, 85n Cinnamon, Tibet, ii. 49, 52n; Caindu, 56, 59n; Ceylon, 315n; story in Herodotus of, 363n; Malabar, 389, 390n Circumcision of Socotrans, ii. 409n; forcible, of a bishop, 429; of Abyssinians, 432n Cirophanes, or Syrophenes, story of, ii. 328n Civet, of Sumatra, ii. 295n Clement IV., Pope, i. 17, 18n, 21n _Clepsydra_, i. 378n, 385n, ii. 214 Cloves, ii. 272, 306; in Caindu, 56, 59n Coal (Polo’s blackstone), i. 442; in Scotland in Middle Ages, 443n; in Kinsay, ii. 216 Cobbler, the one-eyed, and the miracle of the mountain, i. 70 Cobinan (Koh-Banán), i. 125 Cocachin (Kúkáchin), the Lady, _23–24_, i. 32, 33n, 36, 38n Cochin-China, the mediæval Champa (_q.v._) Coco-nut (Indian nut), i. 108, ii. 293, 306, 308n, 309n, 354, 389 Coco Islands, of Hiuen T’sang, ii. 307n Cocos Islands, ii. 309n Cœur de Lion, his mangonels, ii. 165n, 166n Coffins, Chinese, in Tangut, i. 205, 209n Cogachin (Hukaji), Kúblái’s son, King of Carajan, i. 361n, ii. 76 Cogatai, i. 419 Cogatal, a Tartar envoy to the Pope, i. 13, 15 Coiganju (Hwaingan-fu), ii. 142, 148, 151 Coilum (Kollam, Kaulam, Quilon), kingdom of, ii. 375, 382n, 403n, 413n, 426n, 440n; identity of meaning of name, 377n; Church of St. George at, 377n; modern state of, 377n; Kúblái’s intercourse with, 378n Coilumin, _columbino_, _colomní_, so-called Brazil-wood, ii. 375; ginger, 375, 381n Coins of Cilician Armenia, i. 42n; of Mosul, 61n; Agathocles and Pantaleon, 163n; Seljukian with Lion and Sun, 352n; found at Siang-Yang, ii. 169n; King Gondophares, 357n; Tartar heathen princes with Mahomedan and Christian formulae, 477n Coja (Koja), Tartar envoy from Persia to the Khan, i. 32–33n, 38n Cold, intense, in Kerman, i. 91, 111n, 113n; in Russia, ii. 487 “Cold Mountains,” i. 114n Coleridge, verses on Kúblái’s Paradise, i. 305n Coloman, province, ii. 122, 128n–131n _Colombino_, _see_ Coilumin Colon, _see_ Coilum Colossal Buddhas, recumbent, i. 219, 221n Columbum, _see_ Coilum Columbus, Polo paralleled with, _3_; remarks on, _105–106_ Comania, Comanians, i. 50, ii. 382, 383n, 490, 491n Comari, Comori (Cape Comorin, Travancore), ii. 333n, 382, 384, 385, 403n, 426n; temple at, 383n Combermere, Lord, prophecy applied to, ii. 149n _Comercque_, Khan’s custom-house, ii. 37, 41n Compartments, in hulls of ships, ii. 249, 251n Compass, Mariner’s, _138_ Competitive Examinations in beauty, i. 359n Conchi, King of the North, ii. 479 Concubines, how the Khan selects, i. 357 Condor, its habits, ii. 417n; Temple’s account of, 417n; Padre Bolivar’s of the African, 420n Condur and Sondur, ii. 276, 277n _Condux_, sable or beaver, i. 410n Conia, Coyne (Iconium), i. 43 Conjeveram, ii. 334n Conjurers, the Kashmirian, i. 166, 168n; weather-, 98, 105n, 166, 168n, 301, 309n–311n; Lamas’ ex-feats, 315n–318n. (_See_ also Sorcerers.) Conosalmi (Kamasal), i. 99, 106n Constantinople, i. 2, 19n, 36, ii. 165n, 487; Straits of, 488, 490 Convents, _see_ Monasteries Cookery, Tartar horse-, i. 264n Cooper, T. T., traveller on Tibetan frontier, ii. 45n, 48n, 52n, 59n, 67n Copper, token currency of Mahomed Tughlak, i. 429n; imported to Malabar, ii. 390; to Cambay, 398 Coral, valued in Kashmir, Tibet, etc., i. 167, 170n, ii. 49, 52n Corea (Kauli), i. 343, 345n Corn, Emperor’s store and distribution of, i. 443 Coromandel (Maabar), _see_ Mabar Corsairs, _see_ Pirates Corte del Milione, _see_ Ca’ Polo —— Sabbionera at Venice, _27_ _seqq._ Cosmography, mediæval, _130_ _Costus_, ii. 397n Cotan, _see_ Khotan Cotton, stuffs of, i. 44n, 45, 47n, 48n, 60, ii. 225, 228n, 361, 363n, 395, 398, 431; at Merdin, i. 60; in Persia, 84; at Kashgar, 181; Yarkand, 187; Khotan, 188, 190n; Pein, 191; Bengal, ii. 115; bushes of gigantic size, 393, 394n Counts in Vokhan, i. 171, 173n; at Dofar, ii. 444 Courts of Justice, at Kinsay, ii. 203 _Couvade_, custom of, ii. 85, 91n–95n, 596n Cow-dung, its use in Maabar, ii. 341, 365 Cowell, Professor, i. 105n Cowries (porcelain shells, pig shells), used for money, etc., ii. 66, 74n, 76, 123; procured from Locac, 276, 279n _Cralantur_, its meaning(?), i. 71n Cramoisy (quermesis), i. 44n, 63, 65n Cranes, five kinds of, i. 296, 297n Crawford, John, ii. 277n Cremation, i. 204, 208n, ii. 122, 132, 134n, 135, 140, 141, 151, 152, 191, 218, 221n; in Middle Ages, ii. 133n Cremesor, Hot Region (Garmsir), i. 75, 99n, 112n, 114n Çrībhõja (Çribhôdja), country, ii. 283n Crocodiles, _see_ Alligators Cross, legend of the Tree of the, i. 135; gibes against, on Nayan’s defeat, 343; on monument at Singanfu, ii. 27n Crossbows, ii. 78, 82n, 161n Cruelties, Tartar, i. 151n, 265n, 266n, ii. 180n _Crusca MS._ of Polo, _82_, i. 18n, 38n, 85n, 297n, 358n, 384n, ii. 34n, 72n Cubeb pepper, ii. 272, 391n Cubits, astronomical altitude estimated by, ii. 382, 389, 392 Cublay, _see_ Kúblái Cucintana, ii. 396n Cudgel, Tartars’ use of, i. 266, 267n, 414 Cuiju (Kwei-chau), province, ii. 124, 127n Cuinet, Vital, on Turkman villages, i. 44n; on Mosul Kurds, 62n Cuirbouly, i. 260, 263n, ii. 78, 82n Cuju, ii. 219, 221n, 224n Cuncun (Han-Chung) province, ii. 31, 32n Cunningham, General A., i. 12n, 104, 156n, 173n, 178n, 283n, 290n, ii. 357n Cups, flying, i. 301, 314n, 349n Curds and Curdistan, i. 9n, 60, 62n, 83n, 84n, 85n, 102n, 143n, 145n Currency, copper token, in India, i. 429n; salt, ii. 45, 54, 57n; leather, i. 429n; Cowrie, _see_ Cowries Currency, paper, in China, i. 423, 426n; attempt to institute in Persia, 428n; alluded to, ii. 124, 127, 132, 135, 138, 140, 141, 152, 154, 170, 174, 176, 178, 181, 187, 218 Current, strong south along East Coast of Africa, ii. 412, 415n Currents, Cape of, or Corrientes, ii. 415n, 417n, 426n Curtains, Persian, i. 66n Curzola Island, Genoese victory at, _6_, _45_ _seqq._; Polo’s galley at, _49_; map of, _50_ Curzon, Lord, i. 64n, 84n, 86n, 128n; list of Pamirs, ii. 594n —— Hon. R., on invention of printing, _138_, _139_ Customs, Custom-houses, ii. 37, 41n, 170, 204, 215, 216 Cutch pirates, ii. 410n Cuxstac, Kuhestec, i. 110n Cuy Khan (Kuyuk), i. 14n, 245, 247n Cycle, Chinese, i. 447, 454n _Cynocephali_, the, ii. 228n, 309, 311n Cypresses, sacred, of the Magians, i. 131n Cyprus, i. 65n Cyrus, his use of camels in battle near Sardis, ii. 104n

Dabul, ii. 443n _Dadian_, title of Georgian kings, i. 53n Da Gama, ii. 386n, 391n Dagroian, kingdom of, in Sumatra, ii. 293; probable position of, 297n Dailiu (Tali), ii. 81n Daïtu, Taidu, Tatu (Peking), Kúblái’s new city of Cambaluc, i. 305n, 306n, 374, 375n Dakiánús, city of (Camadi), i. 113n _Dalada_, tooth relique of Buddha, ii. 329n–330n Dalai Lama, with four hands, ii. 265n D’Alboquerque, ii. 281n, 382n, 409n, 451n Dalivar, Dilivar, Diláwar (Lahore), a province of India, i. 99, 104n, 105n Dalmian, ii. 297n Damas, i. 65n Damascus, i. 23n, 143; siege of, ii. 166n Damasks, with _cheetas_ in them, i. 398n; with giraffes, ii. 424n. (_See_ also Patterns.) Damghan, i. 138n, 148n Dancing dervishes, ii. 97n Dancing girls, in Hindu temples, ii. 345, 351n Dandolo, Andrea, Admiral of Venetian fleet at Curzola, _6_, _46_; his captivity and suicide, _48_; funeral at Venice, _50_ D’Anghieria, Pietro Martire, _36_, _120_ Dantapura, ii. 329n Dante, number of MSS., _117_; does not allude to Polo, _118_; _Convito_, i. 14n D’Anville’s Map, i. 25n, 88n, 155n, 224n, 228n, 297n, 408n, ii. 69n, 72n, 141n Darábjird, i. 86n Darah, ii. 436n Dárápúr, i. 104n, 105n _Dardas_, stuff embroidered in gold, i. 65n Dariel, Pass of (Gate of the Alans), i. 53n, 54n Darius, i. 128, 138n, 151, 157; the Golden King, ii. 17 Dark Ocean of the South, ii. 417n Darkness, magical, i. 98, 105n, 166 —— land of, ii. 484, 485n; how the Tartars find their way out, 484; the people and their peltry, 484; Alexander’s legendary entrance into, 485; Dumb trade of, 486n _Darráj_, black partridge, its peculiar call, i. 99n Darúná, salt mines, i. 154n Darwáz, i. 160n Dasht, or Plain, of Bahárak, i. 156n Dashtáb, hot springs, i. 122n Dasht-i-Lut (Desert of Lút), i. 124n, 127, 128n Dashtistan tribe and district, i. 86n Dates (chronology) in Polo’s book, generally erroneous, i. 2, 17, 36, 63, 145, 238, 332, ii. 98, 114, 145, 177, 259, 267, 268, 319, 354, 428, 459, 464, 474, 494 —— (trees or fruit), Basra, 63, 65n; Báfk, 88, 89n; Reobarles, province, 97, 111n; Formosa Plain, 107; Hormos, 109, 116n; wine of, 107, 115n; diet of fish, etc., 107, 116n, ii. 450 Daughters of Marco Polo, _69_, _71_, _73_, _76_, ii. 506n D’Avezac, M., i. 23n, 48n, 66n, 231n, 271n David, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n, 436n David, king of Georgia (Dawith), i. 50, 53n Davids, Professor T. W. Rhys, _Buddhist Birth Stories_, ii. 326n Davis, Sir John F., ii. 139n, 142n, 152n, 173n, 175n, 176n, 182n Dawaro, ii. 435n, 436n Daya, ii. 300n, 305n Dead, disposal of the, in Tangut, i. 205, 209n; at Cambaluc, 414; in Coloman, ii. 122; in China, 133n; in Dagroian, 293; by the Battas, 298n —— burning of the, _see_ Cremation; eating the, _see_ Cannibalism De Barros, ii. 239n, 283n, 287n, 300n, 410n; on Java, 274n; Singhapura, 281n; Janifs, 286n Debt, singular arrest for, ii. 343, 350n _Decima_, or Tithe on bequest, _71_ Decimal organisation of Tartar armies, i. 261, 264n Decius, Emperor, i. 113n Degháns, Dehgáns, i. 152n Dehánah, village, i. 152n Deh Bakri, i. 111n, 112n De la Croix, Pétis, i. 9n, 155n, 183n, 239n, 243n, 281n, 410n Delhi, Sultans of, _12_, ii, 426n D’Ely, Mount, _see_ Eli Demoiselle Crane, _anthropoides virgo_, i. 297n Deogir, ii. 426n Derbend, Wall of, i. 53n, ii. 495. (_See_ also Iron Gate of.) Deserts, haunted, i. 197, 201n, 274 Deserts of Kerman or of Lút, i. 123, 124n; of Khorasan, 149; of Charchan, 194; Lop (Gobi), 196, 197, 198n–203n, 210, 212, 214n, 223; Karakorum, 224, 226, 237n Desgodins, Abbé, ii. 57n Despina Khatun, ii. 477n Devadási, ii. 351n Devapattan, ii. 400n Devéria, G., i. 29n, 225n, 291n, ii. 60n, 63n, 70n, 89n, 108n, 122n, 124n Devil-dancing, i. 315n, ii. 86, 97n Devil trees, i. 136n Devils, White, ii. 355, 359n D’Evreux, Father Yves, ii. 94n Dhafar (Dofar, Thafar), ii. 340, 348n, 444; its incense, 445; two places of the name, 445n–446n _Dhárani_, mystic charms, i. 315 Dhúlkarnain (Alex.), _see_ Zulkarnain Dialects, Chinese, ii. 236, 243n–244n Diamonds in India, how found, ii. 360–361; mines of, 362n; diffusion of legend about, _ib._ “Diex Terrien,” i. 141n Diláwar, Polo’s Dihar, i. 104n Dimitri II., Thawdadebuli, king of Georgia, i. 53n Dínár, _see_ Bezant Dinár of Red Gold, ii. 348n, 349n Dinh Tiên-hwàng, king of An-nam, i. 264n Diocletian, i. 14n _Dioscorides insula_, ii. 408n Dir, chief town of Panjkora, i. 104n, 164n, 165n Dirakht-i-Fazl, i. 135n, 138n Dirakht-i-Kush, i. 135n Diráwal, ancient capital of the Bhattis, i. 104n Dirhem-Kub, Shah Mahomed, founder of Hormuz dynasty, i. 115n, 121n Dish of Sakya or of Adam, ii. 328n, 330n Diu City, ii. 392n Diul-Sind, Lower Sind, i. 86n Divination by twigs or arrows, i. 241, 242n Dixan, branding with cross at, ii. 433n Dizabulus, pavilion of, i. 384n Dizfúl River, i. 85n Djao (Chao) Namian Sumé (Kaipingfu), i. 25n Djaya, turquoises, ii. 56n Doctors at Kinsay, ii. 203 Dofar, _see_ Dhafar Dogana, i. 151; conjectures as to, 152n, 156n Doghábah River, i. 152n Dog-headed races, ii. 309, 311n Dogs, the Khan’s mastiffs, i. 400; of Tibet, ii. 45, 49, 52n; fierce in Cuiju, 126 Dog-sledging in Far North, ii. 480, 481n, 482; notes on dogs, 483n Dolfino, Ranuzzo, husband of Polo’s daughter, Moreta, _76_ Dolonnúr, i. 26n Dominicans, sent with Polos but turn back, i. 22, 23 _D’or plain_, the expression, i. 269n Doráh Pass, i. 165n Doria, family at Meloria, _56_ —— Lampa, _6_; Admiral of Genoese Fleet sent to Adriatic, _45_; his victory, _48_; his tomb and descendants, _51_; at Meloria with six sons, _56_ —— Octaviano, death of, _48_ —— Tedisio, exploring voyage of, _51_ Dorjé, i. 360n D’Orléans, Prince Henri, i. 200n, 277n Douglas, Rev. Dr. C., ii. 232n, 237n, 240n, 241n, 244n Doyley, Sir Fulke, ii. 166n Dragoian (Ta-hua-Mien), ii. 297n, 306n _Draps entaillez_, i. 392 Drawers, enormous, of Badakhshan women, i. 160, 163n Dreams, notable, i. 305n Drums, sound of in certain sandy districts, 197, 202n _Dryabalanops Camphora_, ii. 303n Dua Khan, i. 121n, ii. 459n, 462n Du Bose, Rev. H. C., ii. 182n–184n Ducat, or sequin, i. 426n, ii. 591n Dudley, _Arcano del Mare_, ii. 266n Duel, mode in S. India of, ii. 371 Dufour, on mediæval artillery, ii. 161n, 163n Duhalde, Plan of Ki-chau, ii. 26n; or T’si-ning chau, ii. 139n Duḳuz Khatun, i. 288n Dulcarnon (Zulkarnain), i. 161n Dulites, ii. 432n Dumas, Alexander, i. 53n Dumb trade, ii. 486n Duncan, Rev. Moir, ii. 28n _Dungen_ (_Tungăni_), or converts, i. 291n Duplicates in geography, ii. 409n _Dupu_, ii. 397n Dürer’s Map of Venice, so-called, _29_, _30_ Durga Temple, ii. 383n Dursamand, ii. 427n _Dúsháb_, sweet liquor or syrup, i. 87n Dust-storms, i. 105n Duties, on Great Kiang, ii. 170; on goods at Kinsay and Zayton, 189, 215, 216, 235; on horses, 438; at Hormuz, 450. (_See_ also Customs.) Dutthagamini, king of Ceylon, i. 169n Dwara Samudra, ii. 294n, 367n, 427n Dzegun-tala, name applied to Mongolia, i. 214n Dzungaria, i. 214n

Eagle mark on shoulder of Georgian kings, i. 50 Eagles, trained to kill large game, i. 397, 399n —— white, in the Diamond Country, ii. 360–361 Eagle-wood, origin of the name, ii. 271n. (_See_ Lign-aloes.) Earth honoured, ii. 341 East, its state, _circa_ 1260, _8_ _et seqq._ Ebony (bonus), ii. 268, 272n Edkins, Rev., ii. 199n Edward I., _59_, _62_, _63_, i. 21n, ii. 593n Edward II., correspondence with Tartar princes, i. 36n, ii. 477n Effeminacy, in Chinese palaces, ii. 17, 20n, 145, 207, 208 Eggs of Ruc and Aepyornis, ii. 416n, 417n Egrigaia, province, i. 281, 282n Ela (cardamom), ii. 388n Elchidai, ii. 471, 474n Elenovka, i. 58n Elephantiasis, i. 187, 188n, ii. 350n Elephants, Kúblái carried on a timber bartizan by four, i. 337, 404, 408n; Kúblái’s, 391, 392n, ii. 104; the king of Mien’s, 99; numbers of men alleged to be carried by, 100n; how the Tartars routed, 102; wild, 107, 111, 117, 119n; in Caugigu, 117; Champa, 268, 271n; Locac, 276, 279n; Sumatra, 285, 289n, 290n; Madagascar and Zanghibar, 411, 422; trade in teeth of, _ib._; carried off by the Ruc, 412, 417n, 419n, 421n; in Zanghibar, 422, 423; used in war, 429, 433n–434n; an error, 433n; Nubian, 424n; fable about, _ib._; not bred in Abyssinia, 431; training of African, 434n; war of the, _ib._ Eli, Ely, Elly (Hili), kingdom of, ii. 385, 386n _seqq._, 403n, 426n Elias, Ney, i. 215n, 225n, 278n, 288n, 291n, ii. 23n, 144n Elixir vitae of the Jogis, ii. 365, 369n Elliot, Sir Walter, i. 38n, 48n, 56n, 65n, 96n, 102n, 104n, 105n, 121n, 165n, 265n, ii. 295n, 333n, 334n, 336n, 350n, 367n, 369n, 370n, 372n, 400n, 410n, 419n Emad, Ed-din Abu Thaher, founder of the Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Embroidery of silk at Kerman, i. 90, 96n; leather in Guzerat, ii. 394, 395n Empoli, Giovanni d’, ii. 239n _Empusa_, the Arabian Nesnás, i. 202n Enchanters, at Socotra, ii. 407 Enchantments, of the Caraonas, i. 98. (_See_ also Conjurers, Sorcerers.) Engano Island, legend, ii. 406n Engineering feat, _50_ Engineers, their growing importance in Middle Ages, ii. 166n England, Kúblái’s message to king of, i. 34; correspondence of Tartar princes with kings of, 36n, ii. 477n English trade and character in Asia, ii. 368n Enlightenment, Land of, i. 460n _Erba_, poisonous plant or grass, i. 217, 218n Erculin, Arculin (an animal), ii. 481, 483n, 484, 487 Erdeni Tso (Erdenidsu), or Erdeni Chao Monastery, i. 228n–230n Eremites (Rishis), of Kashmir, i. 166, 169n Erguiul, province, i. 274, 282n Erivan, i. 58n _Erkeun_ (_Ye li ke un_), Mongol for Christians, i. 291n Ermine, i. 257, 405, 410n, ii. 481, 484, 487 Erzinjan, Erzinga, Eriza (Arzinga), i. 45 Erzrum (Arziron), i. 45, 48n _Eschiel_, the word, ii. 390n Esher (Shehr, Es-shehr), ii. 442; trade with India, incense, Ichthyophagi, 442, 443, 444n; singular sheep, 443, 444n Essentemur (Isentimur), Kúblái’s grandson, king of Carajan, ii. 64, 80n, 98 _Estimo_, Venetian, or forced loan, _47_, _76_ Etchmiadzin Monastery, i. 61n Ethiopia and India, confused, ii. 432n Ethiopian sheep, ii. 422, 424n Etiquette of the Mongol Court, i. 382, 385n, 391, 393n, 457 Etymologies, _Balustrade_, _38_; buckram, i. 47n–48n; Avigi, 57n; Geliz (Ghellé), 59n; Jatolic, 61n; muslin, 62n; baudekins, 65n; cramoisy, 65n; ondanique, 93n; zebu, 99n; carbine, 101n; Dulcarnon, 161n; balas, 161n; azure and lazuli, 162n; None, 173n; Mawmet and Mummery, 189n; salamander, 216n; berrie, 237n; barguerlac, 272n; S’ling, 276n, 283n; siclatoun, 283n; Argon, 290n; Tungani, 291; Guasmul, 292n; chakór, 297n; Jádú and Yadah, 309n–310n; Tafur, 313n; Bacsi, 314n; Sensin, 321n; P’ungyi, 325n; _carquois_, 366n; Keshikán, 380n; vernique, 384n; camut, borgal, shagreen, 395n; Chinuchi or Chunichi, 401n; Toscaol, 407n; Bularguchi, 407n; Fondaco, 415n; Bailo, 421n; comercque, ii. 41n; porcelain, 74n; Sangon, 138n; Faghfur, 148n; Manjanik, mangonel, mangle, etc., 163n–164n; galingale, 229n; Chini and Misri, 230n; Satin, 241n, 242n; eagle-wood, aloes-wood, 271n–272n; Bonús, Calamanz, _ib._; benzoni, 286n; china pagoda, 336n; Pacauca, 346n; Balánjar, a-muck, 347n–348n; Pariah, 349n; Govi, _ib._; Avarian, 355n–356n; Abraiaman, 367n; Choiach, 368n; proques, 370n; Tembul and Betel, 374n; Sappan and Brazil, 380n–381n; Balladi, _ib._; Belledi, 381n; Indigo baccadeo, 382n; Gatpaul, baboon, 383n–385n; Salami cinnamon, 391n; κώμακον, _ib._; rook (in chess), 419n; Aranie, 462n; Erculin and Vair, 483n; Misḳál, 592n —— (of Proper Names), Curd, i. 62n; Dzungaria, 214n; Chingintalas, _ib._; Cambuscan, 247n; Oirad, 308n; Kungurat, 358n; Manzi, ii. 144n; Bayan, 148n; Kinsay, 193n; Japan, 256n; Sornau, 279n; Narkandam, 312n; Ceylon, 314n; Ma’bar, 332n; Chilaw, 337n; Mailapúr, 359n; Sônagarpaṭṭanam, 372n; Punnei-Káyal, Káyal, _ib._; Kollam (Coilum), 377; Hili (Ely), 386n; Cambaet, 398n; Mangla and Nebila, 405n; Socotra, 408n; Colesseeah, 410n; Caligine, 439n; Aijaruc, 463; Nemej, 493n —— Chinese, ii. 119n Etzina, i. 223 Eunuchs, i. 356; procured from Bengal, ii. 115n Euphrates, i. 43n; said to flow into the Caspian, 52, 59n _Euphratesia_, i. 43n Euxine, _see_ Black Sea Evelyn’s _Diary_, i. 136n Execution of Princes of the Blood, mode of, i. 67n, 343, 344n Eyircayá, i. 281n

Facen, Dr. J., _139_ Faghfur (Facfur, Emperor of Southern China), ii. 145; meaning of title, 148n; his effeminate diversions, 207; decay of his palace, 208 Faizabad in Badakhshan, i. 156n, 163n, 173n, 175n Fakanúr, ii. 440n Fakata, ii. 260n Fakhruddin Ahmad, Prince of Hormuz, i. 121n, ii. 333n Falconers, Kúblái’s, i. 335, 402, 407n Falcons, of Kerman, i. 90, 96n; Saker and Lanner, 158, 162n; peregrine, 269; Kúblái’s, 402 Famine, horrors, i. 313n _Fanchán_, _P’ing-chang_, title of a second class Cabinet Minister, i. 432n, ii. 179n Fanchan Lake, ii. 29n Fan-ching, siege of, ii. 167n Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n, 440n _Fang_, _see_ Squares Fansur, in Sumatra, kingdom of, ii. 299, 302n Fansuri camphor, ii. 299, 302n Fan Wen-hu, or Fan-bunko, a General in Japanese Expedition, ii. 260n, 261n Fariáb, or Pariáb, i. 106n Faro of Constantinople, ii. 490 Farriers, none in S. India, ii. 340, 450 Fars, province, i. 85n, 92n, ii. 333n, 348n, 377n, 402n Fashiyah, Atabeg dynasty, i. 85n, 86n Fassa, i. 86n Fasting days, Buddhist, i. 220, 222n Fattan, in Ma’bar, ii. 333n, 336n Fatteh, ’Ali Sháh, i. 146n, 179n Fausto, Vettor, his Quinquereme, _33_ Fazl, Ibn Hassan (Fazluïeh-Hasunïeh), i. 86n Feili, Lurs dynasty, i. 84n Female attendants on Chinese Emperors, ii. 17, 20n, 147, 207, 208 Ferlec, in Sumatra, kingdom of (Parlák), ii. 284, 287n, 294n, 295n, 305n; Hill people, 284, 288n Fernandez, or Moravia, Valentine, ii. 295n Ferrier, General, i. 68n, 100n, 106n Festivals, Order of the Kaan’s, i. 386, 388n Fiag, or Pog River, i. 54n _Ficus Vasta_, i. 129n _Fidáwí_, Ismailite adepts, i. 144n, 145n Filial Piety in China, i. 457, 462n Filippi, Professor F. de, Silk industry in Ghílán, i. 59n Finn, i. 122n Fiordelisa, daughter of younger Maffeo Polo, _17_, _65_ —— supposed to be Nicolo Polo’s second wife, _17_, _26_, _27_ —— wife of Felice Polo, _27_, _65_ Firando Island, ii. 260n Firdús, Ismailite Castle, i. 148n Firdúsí, i. 93n, 130n Fire, affected by height of Pamir Plain, i. 171, 178n; regulations at Kinsay, ii. 189 Fire-baptism, ascribed to Abyssinians, ii. 427, 432n Fire-_Pao_ (cannon?), i. 342n, ii. 596n Fire-worship, or rockets, in Persia, i. 78, 80; by the Sensin in Cathay, 303, 325n Firishta, the historian, i. 104n, 169n Fish miracle in Georgia, i. 52, 57n, 58n; in the Caspian, 59n; and date diet, 107, 116n, ii. 450; supply at Kinsay, 202; food for cattle, 443, 444n; stored for man and beast, 443 Fish-oil, used for rubbing ships, i. 108, 117n Florin, or ducat, ii. 215, 591n Flour (Sago), trees producing, ii. 300, 304n, 305n Flückiger, Dr., ii. 226n Fog, dry, i. 105n Fo-kien, _see_ Fu-chau Folin (Byzantine Empire), ii. 405n Fondaco, i. 415n, ii. 238n Foot-mark on Adam’s Peak, _q.v._ Foot-posts in Cathay, i. 435 Forg, i. 86n Formosa, Plain (Harmuza), i. 107, 115n Forsyth, Sir T. Douglas, i. 193n, 194n, 216n, 400n Fortune, R., ii. 182n, 198, 220n, 222n, 224n, 229n, 233n Foundlings, provision for, ii. 147, 151n Four-horned sheep, ii. 443, 444n Fowls with hair, ii. 126, 129n Foxes, black, ii. 479, 481n, 484, 487 Fozlán, Ibn, i. 7n, 8n, ii. 348n, 488n _Fra terre_ (Interior), i. 43n Fracastoro, Jerome, _2_ Franciscan converts, in Volga region, i. 5n, 9n, ii. 491n; at Yang-chau, 154n; Zayton, 237n Francolin (darráj of the Persians), black partridge, i. 97, 99n, 107, 297n Frankincense, _see_ Incense Frederic II., Emperor, his account of the Tartars, i. 56n; story of implicit obedience, 144n; his _cheetas_, 398n; his leather money, 429n; his giraffe, ii. 424n French, the original language of Polo’s Book, _81_ _seqq._; its large diffusion in that age, _86_ _seqq._, _122_ French Expedition up the Kamboja River, ii. 57n, 67n, 80n, 120n Frenchmen, riding long like, ii. 78 French mission and missionaries in China, ii. 38n, 48n, 52n, 57n, 63n, 96n, 97n, 127n _Frère charnel_, i. 187n Frere, Sir B., i. 96n, 117n, 147n, ii. 395n, 424n Froissart, i. 17n, 42n, 68n Fu-chau (Fo-kien, Fuju), ii. 220n–222n, 224n, 226, 230, 231, 232n, 233n, 238n, 251n; paper-money at, i. 428n; wild hill people of, 225, 228n; its identity, 232n, 238n; language of, 243n; tooth relique at, 330n Fuen (Fen) ho River, ii. 17n Funeral rites, Chinese, in Tangut, i. 204; of the Kaans, 246, 250n; at Kinsay, ii. 191. (_See_ also Dead.) Fungul, city of, ii. 124, 127n Furs, of the Northern Regions, i. 257, 405, 410n, ii. 481, 483n, 484, 487 Fusang, Mexico(?), ii. 405n Fuyang, ii. 220n Fuzo, _see_ Fu-chau

Gabala, Bishop of, i. 231n Gagry, maritime defile of, i. 54n Gaisue, officer of Kúblái’s Mathematical Board, i. 449n _Galeasse_, Venetian gallery, _36_, i. 119n Galingale, ii. 225, 229n, 272 Galletti, Marco, _27_, ii. 512n Galleys of the Middle Ages, war, _31_ _seqq._; arrangement of rowers, _31–32_; number of oars, _32_, _33_; dimensions, _33_, _34_; tactics in fight, _38_; toil in rowing, _ib._; strength and cost of crew, _39_; staff of fleet, _39–40_; Joinville’s description of, _40_; customs of, _41_ Galley-slaves not usual in Middle Ages, _39_ Gambling, prohibited by Kúblái, i. 457 Game, _see_ Sport Game Laws, Mongol, i. 396, 406, ii. 13 Game, supplied to Court of Cambaluc, i. 396, 401 Ganapati Kings, ii. 362n Gandar, Father, ii. 139n, 153n Gandhára, ii. 114n, 329n, 330n; Buddhist name for Yun-nan, ii. 73n Ganfu, port of Kinsay, ii. 189 Ganja, gate of, i. 57n Gan-p’u, ii. 238n Gantanpouhoa, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Gantûr, ii. 362n Gardenia, fruit and dyes, ii, 226n Gardiner’s (misprinted Gardner’s) _Travels_, i. 160n, 179n Gardner, C., ii. 196n, 198n Garmsir, Ghermseer (Cremesor), Hot Region, i. 75n, 99n, 112n, 114n Garnier, Lieut. Francis (journey to Talifu), ii. 38n, 48n, 57n, 58n, 60n, 64n, 67n, 74n, 80n, 90n, 91n, 95n, 99n, 117n, 120n, 122n, 123n, 128n, 130n, 198n, 278n Garrisons, Mongol, in Cathay and Manzi, i. 336n, ii. 190, 200n; disliked the people, 205 _Garuda_, ii. 351n, 415n, 419n Gate of Iron, ascribed to Derbend, i. 57n Gates, of Kaan’s palace, i. 363, 368n; of Cambaluc, 374, 377n; of Somnath, ii. 400–401 Gat-pauls, Gatopaul, Gatos-paulas, ii. 382, 383n, 385n _Gatto maimone_, ii. 383n Gauenispola Island, ii. 300, 307n Gaur (_Bos Gaurus_, _etc._), ii. 114n Gauristan, i. 86n Gavraz, village, i. 45n Gazaria, ii. 490, 492n Gedrosi, ii. 402n Gelath in Imeretia, Iron Gate at, i. 57n _Geliz_, Spanish for silk dealer, i. 59n Genealogy of Polos, _13_; errors as given by Barbaro, etc., in, _77–78_; tabular, ii. 506n; of House of Chinghiz, 505n Genoa, Polo’s captivity at, _6_, _48–55_ —— and Pisa, rivalry, and wars of, _41_, _56_ _seqq._ —— and Venice, rivalry and wars of, _41_ _seqq._ Genoese, their growth in skill and splendour, _42_; character as seamen by poet of their own, _43_; character by old Italian author, _48_; capture of Soldaia, i. 4n; their navigation of the Caspian, 52, 59n; trade in box-wood, 57n; their merchants at Tabriz, 75; in Fo-kien, ii. 238n Gentile Plural names converted into local singulars, i. 58n Geographical Text of Polo’s Book constantly quoted, its language, _83_; proofs that it is the original, _84_ _seqq._; tautology, _85_; source of other texts, _ib._ George (Jirjis, Yurji, Gurgán), king of Tenduc, of the time of Prester John, i. 284, 287n; a possible descendant of, 288n, ii. 460 Georgia (Georgiana), beauty of, and its inhabitants, i. 50–53n; their kings, 50, 52n Gerfalcons (Shonkár), i. 270, 273n, 299, 402, 404; tablets engraved with, 35, 351, 355n, ii. 487 Gerini, Colonel, ii. 596n German Follower of the Polos, ii. 159 Ghaiassuddin Balban (Asedin Soldan), Sultan of Delhi, i. 99, 104n, 105n Gháran country, ruby mines in, i. 161n Gházán (Casan) Khan of Persia, son of Arghún, i. 14n, 29n, 88n, 103n, 121n, 138n, 429n, ii. 50, 166n, 466n; his regard for the Polos, i. 35; marries the Lady Kukachin, 36, 38n, ii. 465n; his mosque at Tabriz, i. 76n; set to watch the Khorasan frontier, ii. 474, 475n; obtains the throne, 476; his object and accomplishments, 478n Ghel, or Ghelan (Ghel-u-chelan), Sea of, Caspian Sea, i. 52, 58n Ghellé (Gílí), silk of the Gíl province, i. 52, 59n Ghes, or Kenn (formerly Kish or Kais), i. 63, 64n _Ghez_ tree, i. 89n Ghiuju, ii. 219, 221n, 222n Ghiyas ed-din, last Prince of Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Ghori, or Aksarai River, i. 152n _Ghúls_, goblins, i. 202n Ghúr, i. 102n Giglioli, Professor H., _51_ Gíl, or Gílán, province, i. 59n Gilgit, i. 160n Gill, Captain (_River of Golden Sand_), i. 408n, ii. 40n, 57n, 59n, 80n–82n, 84n, 88n, 91n, 109n, 169n, 221n Ginao, Mt. and Hot Springs, i. 122n Gindanes of Herodotus, ii. 48 Ginger, ii. 22; Shan-si, 33; Caindu, 56; alleged to grow in Kiangnan, 181, 183n; Fuju, 224, 325; Coilum, 375, 381n; different qualities and prices of, 381n; Ely, 385, 388n; Malabar, 389; Guzerat, 393 Giraffes, ii. 413, 421n, 422, 431; mediæval notices of, 424n Girardo, Paul, _70_, ii. 511n Girdkuh, an Ismailite fortress, its long defence, i. 146n, 148n Girls, consecrated to idols in India, ii. 345–346 Gittarchan, _see_ Astrakhan Glaza (Ayas, _q.v._), _54_ Gleemen and jugglers, conquer Mien, ii. 110 Goa, ii. 358n, 451n Gobernador, Straits of, ii. 281n Goës, Benedict, _20_, i. 175n, 218n Gog and Magog (Ung and Mungul), legend of, i. 56n, 57n; rampart of, 57n; country of, 285; name suggested by Wall of China, 292n Gogo, ii. 398n Goître at Yarkand, i. 187, 188n Golconda diamond mines, ii. 362n Gold, Frankincense, and Myrrh, their mystic meaning, i. 79, 81n Gold dust in Tibet, ii. 49, 52n; exchanged for salt in Caindu, 54, 57n; Brius River, 56; in Kin-shia-Kiang, 72n; and nuggets in Carajan, 76; abundant in Yun-nan, 95n, 106; Caugigu, 116; Coloman, 123; infinite in Chipangu, 253, 256; in Sea of Chin Islands, 264; dust in Gulf of Cheinan Islands, 266; not found in Java, 274n; in Locac, 276; the Malayo-Siamese territories, 179n; Sumatra, 284, 287n; vast accumulations in South India, _12_, 340, 348n; imported into Malabar, 390; and into Cambay, 398; purchased in Socotra, 407 Gold and silver towers of Mien, ii. 110 —— cloths of, i. 41, 50, 60, 63, 65n, 75, 84, 285, 387, ii. 23. (_See_ Silk and Gold.) —— of the Gryphons in Herodotus, ii. 419n —— Teeth (Zardandan), Western Yunnan, ii. 84, 88n–91n —— to silver, relative value of, i. 426n, ii. 95n, 256n, 591n Golden King and Prester John, tale of the, ii. 17–22 —— Island, ii. 174n, 175, 176n, 310n —— Horde (kings of the Ponent), ii. 486n, 492n _Golfo, Indigo di_, ii. 382n Gomispola, Gomispoda, _see_ Gauenispola Gomushtapah, Wall of, i. 57n Gomuti palm, ii. 297n Gondophares, a king in the St. Thomas legends, ii. 357n Gordon’s “Ever Victorious Army,” ii. 179n Gordun Sháh, i. 120n Göring, F., i. 74n Goriosan, ii. 260n _Gor Khar_, wild ass, i. 89n Goshawks, i. 50, 57n, 96n, 252, 402; black, ii. 285, 345 Gothia (Crimean), ii. 490; its limit and language, 492n Govy, a low caste in Maabar, ii. 341, 349n, 355 Goza, i. 38n Gozurat, _see_ Guzerat Grail, Buddhist parallel to the Holy, ii. 328n, 330n Granaries, Imperial, i. 443 Grapes in Shan-si, ii. 13, 15n, 16n Grass-cloths, ii. 127n Grasso, Donato, _25_ Great Bear (Meistre), ii. 292, 296n; and Little, force of, and application of these epithets, 286n Great, or Greater Sea (Black Sea), i. 3n, ii. 487, 488, 490 Greece, Bactria’s relation to, i. 160n Greek fire, _38_, ii. 165n Greeks, in Turcomania, i. 43; and Greek tongue in Socotra, ii. 408n, 409n; possible relic of, 410n Green, Rev. D. D., ii. 193n —— Island, legendary, ii. 381n —— Islands, ii. 417n —— Mount, Cambaluc, i. 365, 370n —— R., _see_ Tsien Tang Gregorieff, his excavations at Sarai, i. 6n Gregory X., Pope, _see_ Theobald of Piacenza Grenard, i. 189n, 190n, 193n, 195n, 200n, 203n, 276n, 310n, 324n, 409n, ii. 5n, 27n Grioni, Zanino, ii. 517n _Griut_ (_kurut_), sour-curd, i. 265n Groat, Venetian _grosso_, i. 424, 426n, ii. 22, 66, 153, 181, 201, 225, 236, 354, 591n Groot, Professor, J. J. M. de, i. 209n, 251n, 268n, ii. 135n Grote, Arthur, ii. 444n Grueber and Dorville, Jesuit travellers, i. 276n _Grus_, _cinerea_, _antigone_, _leucogeranus_, _monachus_, i. 297n Gryphon, _see_ Ruc Guasmul (Basmul), half-breeds, i. 284, 292n Guchluk, i. 161n Gudar (village), i. 113n _Gudderi_, musk animals, Tibet, ii. 45, 49n Gudran, i. 126n Guebers, the, i. 88n, 96n Gujáh, Hulákú’s chief secretary, i. 33n _Gugal_, bdellum, ii. 397n Guilds of craftsmen at Kinsay, ii. 186 —— Venetian, _72_ Guinea-fowl, ii. 431, 437n Guions, a quasi-Tibetan tribe, ii. 60n Gumish-Khának, silver mines, i. 49n Gunpowder, _138_ Gurgán, a Tartar chief, ii. 474n _Gurgán_, son-in-law, a title, i. 288n Gur-Khan of Karacathay, i. 233n Gutturals, Mongol elision of, i. 8n, 64n Guz = 100, i. 261, 263n Guzerat (Gozurat), ii. 389, 390, 392, 394n; products, mediæval architecture and dress, 393; work, 393–394, 395n

Haast, Dr., discovers a fossil Ruc, ii. 417n Habíb-ullah of Khotan, i. 189n Habsh (Abash), _see_ Abyssinia Hadhramaut (_Sessania Adrumetorum_), i. 82n Hadiah, ii. 436n Haffer, ii. 445n Hai-nan, Gulf of, ii. 266n —— language of, ii. 244n Hairy men in Sumatra, ii. 301n Hajji Mahomed, i. 211n, 221n Hakeddin, ii. 436n Half-breeds, _see_ Argons Hamd Allah Mastaufi, the geographer, i. 76n, 81n, 84n, 92n, 135n Hamilton, Captain Alexander, i. 106n, 122n Hammer-Purgstall on Marco Polo, _115_ Hamúm Arabs, ii. 443n Hamza of Ispahan, i. 101n Hamza Pantsúri, or Fantsúri, ii. 303n Hanbury, D., ii. 183n, 226n, 229n Han-chung (Cuncun), ii. 31, 32n, 34n, 35n Hang-chau fu, _see_ Kinsay Han dynasty, i. 193n, 347n, ii. 32n, 35n, 70n —— River, ii. 34n, 35n, 149n, 167n Hanjám, i. 115n Han-kau, ii. 183n Hansi, ii. 427n Han Yü, ii. 81n _Harám_, i. 141n Harhaura, W. Panjáb, i. 104n Harlez, Mgr. de, i. 305n _Harmozeia_, i. 114n _Harpagornis_, fossil Ruc, ii. 417n Harran, i. 23n Harshadeva, king of Kashmir, i. 169n Harsuddi, temple of, ii. 349n Haru, or Aru, ii. 303n Hashíshín, _see_ Assassins Hásik, ii. 444n Hassán Kalá, hot springs at, i. 47n Hassan, son of Sabah, founder of the Ismailites, i. 141n Hastings, Warren, letter of, i. 57n Hatan, rebellion of, i. 346n Haunted deserts, i. 197, 201n, 274 Havret, Father H., ii. 155n, 212n _Hawáríy_ (Avarian), the term, ii. 356n Hawks, hawking in Georgia, i. 50, 57n; Yezd and Kerman, 88, 90, 96n; Badakhshan, 158, 162n; Etzina, 223; among the Tartars, 252; on shores and islands of Northern Ocean, 269, 273n; Kúblái’s sport at Chagannor, 296; in mew at Chandu, 299; trained eagles, 397, 399n; Kúblái’s establishment of, 402, 403, 407n, ii. 13; in Tibet, 50; Sumatra, 285; Maabar, 345 Hayton I. (Hethum), king of Lesser Armenia, _11_, i. 25n, 42n, ii. 592n; his autograph, _13_ Hazáras, the, Mongol origin of, i. 102n; lax custom ascribed to, 212n, ii. 56n Hazbana, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n Heat, great at Hormuz, i. 108, 109, 119n, ii. 452; in India, 343, 375–376 Heaven, City of (Kinsay), ii. 182, 184n, 185, 203 Hedin, Dr. Sven, i. 188n, 190n, 193n, 198n, 203n, 225n, 276n Heibak, caves at, i. 156n Height, effects on fire of great, i. 171, 178n Heikel, Professor Axel, on Buddhist monasteries in the Orkhon, i. 228n Hei-shui (Mongol Etsina) River, i. 225n Hel, Ela (Cardamom), ii. 388n Helena, Empress, i. 82n Helli, _see_ Eli He-lung Kiang, ii. 35n Hemp of Kwei-chau, ii. 127 Henry II., Duke of Silesia, ii. 493n Henry III., i. 27n, 56n Heraclius, Emperor, said to have loosed the shut-up nations, i. 56n Herat, i. 150n, ii. 402n Hereditary trades, ii. 186, 196n Hereford, Map, _132_, i. 134n Hermenia, _see_ Armenia Hermits of Kashmir, i. 166, 169n Herodotus, i. 135n, ii. 104n, 109n Hethum, _see_ Hayton Hiai- or Kiai-chau (Caichu?), ii. 19n Hides, ii. 398. (_See_ Leather.) Hili, Hili-Marawi, _see_ Ely Hill-people of Fo-kien, wild, ii. 225, 228n Hinaur, _see_ Hunáwar Hind, ii. 402n Hindu character, remarks on frequent eulogy of, ii. 367 —— Kush, i. 104n, 164n, 165n, ii. 594n Hindus, their steel and iron, i. 93n —— in Java, ii. 283n Hing-hwa, language of, ii. 244n Hippopotamus’ teeth, ii. 413, 421n Hips, admiration of large, i. 160 Hirth, Dr. F., ii. 27n, 28n, 89n, 194n, 199n Hiuan-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n Hiuen Tsang, Dr., a Buddhist monk, i. 164n–165n, 169n, 174n, 189n–193n, 197n, 202n, 221n, 222n, 306n, 446n, ii. 28n, 60n, 594n, 595n Hochau, in Sze-chwan, Mangku Khan’s death at, i. 245n —— in Kansuh, ii. 29n Hochung-fu (Cachanfu), ii. 25n Hodgson, Mr., ii. 116n Hoernle, Dr., i. 190n Hojos, ii. 262n Hokien-fu (Cacanfu), ii. 133n Hokow, or Hokeu, ii. 224n Holcombe, Rev. C., on Hwai-lu, ii. 15n; on Yellow River, 23n; on Pia-chau fu, 25n; on road from T’ung-kwan to Si-ngan fu, 27n Hollingworth, H. G., ii. 144n Holy Sepulchre, ii. 429; oil from lamp of, i. 14, 19, 26 Homeritae, ii. 432n Homi-cheu, or Ngo-ning, ii. 122n, 128n, 129n, 131n _Homme_, its technical use, i. 27n, 342n Hondius map, i. 102n Ho-nhi, or Ngo-ning (Anin) tribe, ii. 120n, 121n. (_See_ Homi-cheu.) Hooker, Sir Joseph, on bamboo explosion, ii. 46n Horiad (Oirad, or Uirad) tribe, i. 300, 308n Hormuz (Hormos, Curmosa), i. 83, 107, 110n, ii. 340, 348n, 370, 402n, 449, 451; trade with India, a sickly place, the people’s diet, i. 107, ii. 450; ships, 108; great heat and fatal wind, 108, 109, 119n, 120n; crops, mourning customs, i. 109; the king of, 110; another road to Kerman from, 110, 122n; route from Kerman to, 110n; site of the old city, _ib._; foundation of, 115n; history of, 120n; merchants, ii. 340; horses exported to India from, 348n; the Melik of, 449, 450, 451 —— Island, or Jerun, i. 110n, 111n, ii. 451n; Organa of Arian, i. 115n, 121n Hormuzdia, i. 111n Horns of _Ovis Poli_, i. 171, 176n Horoscopes, in China, i. 447, ii. 191; in Maabar, 344 Horse-posts and Post-houses, i. 433, 437n Horses, Turkish, i. 43, 44n; Persian, 83, 86n; of Badakhshan, strain of Bucephalus, 158, 162n; sacrificed at Kaans’ tombs, 246; Tartar, 260, 264n; and white mares, 300, 308n; presented to Kaan on New Year’s Day, 390; of Carajan, ii. 64, 78, 81n; their tails docked, 82n; of Anin, 119; tracking by, 174n; decorated with Yaks’ tails, 355; now bred in S. India, 340, 342, 348n, 350n, 438, 450 —— great trade and prices in importing to India from Persia, i. 83, 86n; modes of shipment, 108, 117n; from Carajan, ii. 78; from Anin, 119; from Kis, Hormuz, Dofar, Soer, and Aden, 340, 348n, 370, 395, 438; Esher, 442; Dofar, 444; Calatu, 450, 451n —— duty on, 438; captured by pirates, 395; their extraordinary treatment and diet in India, 340, 345, 348n–349n, 351n, 450 Horse-stealing, Tartar laws _v._, i. 266 Hosie, A., ii. 131n; on Ch’êng-tu, 40n; brine-wells of Pai-yen-ching, 58n; on the Si-fan, 60n, 61n; on Caindu Lake, 72n Hospitals, Buddhist, i. 446n Hostelries, at Cambaluc, i. 412; on the Cathay post-roads, 434, ii. 32n; at Kinsay, 193 Hot springs in Armenia, i. 45, 46n; near Hormuz, 110, 122n Hounds, Masters of Kaan’s, i. 400–401n Hours, struck from Cambaluc bell-tower, i. 373, 414; at Kinsay, ii. 188; unlucky, 364, 368n; canonical, 368n, 369n Hsi Hsia dynasty, i. 205n _Hsiang-Chên_, _Hsiang_, wood, ii. 301n Hu-chau fu (Vuju), ii. 184n Hui-hui, white and black capped, two Mohammedan sects, ii. 30n, Hukaji (Hogáchi, Cogachin), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 76, 80n Hukwan-hien, ii. 230n Hulákú Khan (Alau, Alacon), Kúblái’s brother, and founder of Mongol dynasty in Persia, _10_, i. 5, 10, 61n, 64n, 334n; war with Barka Khan, 8n, 103n; takes Baghdad and puts Khalif to death, 63, 66n, 85n, 86n; the Ismailites and the Old Man, 145, 245, 247n —— his treachery, ii. 181n; his descendants, 477; battle with Barca, 494; his followers, 495 Hullukluk, village, near Sivas, i. 45n Human fat, used for combustion in war, ii. 180n —— sacrifices, i. 208n Humáyún, Emperor, i. 155n, 277n Humboldt, _106_, _107_, _110_, _120_, i. 178n Hunáwar (Onore, Hinaur), ii. 390n, 440n Hundred Eyes, prophecy of the, ii. 145, 146, 149n _Hundwáníy_ (ondanique), Indian steel, i. 93n Hungary, Hungarians, ii. 286n, 492n Hung Hao, Chinese author, i. 212n Hun-ho (Sanghin River), ii. 5n, 6n Hunting equipment and Expedition, Kúblái’s, i. 397, 398n, 404; Kang-hi’s, 407n —— preserves, ii. 13. (_See_ also Sport.) Hutton, Captain, i. 100n Hwa-chau, ii. 29n Hwai-lu, or Hwo-lu-h’ien (Khavailu), the Birmingham of N. Shansi, ii. 15n Hwai-ngan-fu (Coiganju), ii. 152n Hwai River, ii. 143n, 152n Hwang-ho (Yellow River), i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 23n, 25n, 27n; changes in its courses, 137n, 142n, 143n; its embankments, 143n Hwan-ho, ii. 6n Hyena, i. 378n Hyrcania, king of, i. 57n

Iabadiu, ii. 286n Ibn-al-Furāt, i. 67n Ibn Batuta (Moorish traveller, _circa_ A.D. 1330–1350), i. 4n–9n, 37n, 44n, 46n, 65n, 75n, 76n, 85n, 101n, 110n, 111n, 116n, 120n, 148n, 150n, 151n, 161n, 165n, 202n, 247n, 294n, 346n, 396n–410n, ii. 116n, 163n, 214n, 282n, 286n, 312n, 322n, 337n, 346n, 380n, 391n, 413n, 440n, 444n, 445n, 465n; his account of Chinese juggling, i. 316n; his account of Khansa (Kinsay), 214n; of Zayton, 238n; in Sumatra, 289n, 294n; on Camphor, 303n; in Ceylon, 315n, 322n, 337n; at Kaulam, 377n, 380n; in Malabar, 391n; sees Rukh, 419n; his account of Maldives, 425n; dog-sledges, ii. 481n, 483n; Market in Land of Darkness, 486n; on Silver Mines of Russia, 488n Ibn Fozlán, _see_ Fozlán Ichin-hien, ii. 154n, 168n, 173n Ichthyophagous cattle and people, ii. 442, 443, 444n Icon Amlac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 434n–436n Iconium (Kuniyah, Conia), i. 43, 44n Idolatry (Buddhism) and Idolaters, in Kashmir, i. 166, 168n; their decalogue, 167, 170n; Pashai, 172; Tangut, 203, 207n; Kamul, 210; Kanchau, 219, 221n; Chingintalas, 212; Suhchau, 217; Etzina, their fasting days, 220, 222n, 223; Tartars and Cathayans, 263, 343, 445, 456; Erguiul, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 284, 285; Chandu, 300–303; at Kúblái’s birthday feast, 387; Cachanfu, ii. 23; Kenjanfu, 24; Acbalec Manzi, 33; Sindafu, 37; Tibet, 45, 49; Caindu, 53; Yachi, 66; Carajan, 76; Zardandan, 84; Mien, 109; Caugigu, 116; Coloman, 122; Cuiju, 124; Cacanfu, 132; Chinangli, 135; Sinjumatu, 138; Coiganju, 151; Paukin, 152; Tiju, 153; Nanghin, 157; Chinghianfu, 176; Tanpiju, 218; Chipangu, 253; Chamba, 266; Sumatra, 284, 292, 299; Nicobars, 306; Mutfili, 360; Coilum, 375; Eli, 385; Malabar, 389; Tana, 395; Cambaet, 397; Semenat, 398; Far North, 479 —— Origin of, ii. 318, 319; of Brahmans, 364; of Jogis, 365 Idols, Tartar, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479; Tangut, 203–207n; colossal, 219, 221n; of Cathay, 263; of Bacsi or Lamas, 302; of Sensin, 303, 323n–326n; of East generally, 263, 265n; in India, 340, 345 Ιερόδουλοι, ii. 351n Ieu, Gnostics of, ii. 321n Ifat, Aufat, ii. 435n Ig, Ij, or Irej, capital of the Shawánkárs, i. 86 Igba Zion, Iakba Siun, king of Abyssinia, ii. 435n _Ilchi_, commissioner, i. 30n Ilchi, modern capital of Khotan, i. 189n, 190n Ilchigadai Khan, i. 186n Ilija, hot springs at, i. 47n Ilkhan, the title, _10_ Ilyáts, nomads of Persia, i. 85 Imáms of the Ismailites, i. 146n Im Thurn, Everard, on _Couvade_, ii. 94n Incense, Sumatran, ii. 286; brown in West India, 395, 396n; white (_i.e._ frankincense), in Arabia, 396n, 442, 443n, 445, 446n–449n India, _12_, i. 1, 107, 109, 167, 414, ii. 76, 78, 107, 115, 119, 236, 249; horse trade to, i. 83, 86n; trade to Manzi or China from, ii. 190, 216, 390, 395; believed to breed no horses, 340, 342, 438, 450; trade with Persia and Arabia, 370; western limits of, 401, 402n; islands of, 423, 425n; division of, 424; sundry lists of States, 426n–427n; trade with Aden and Egypt, 438; with Arabian ports, 442, 444, 450; confusion of Ethiopia and, 432n India, the Greater, ii. 331 _seqq._, 401, 424 —— its extent, ii. 425n, 426n —— the Lesser, ii. 424, 425n–426n —— Middle (Abyssinia), ii. 423, 427 —— remarks on this title, ii. 431n —— Maxima, ii. 426n —— Tertia, ii. 425n —— Superior, ii. 426n —— Sea of, i. 35, 63, 108, 166, ii. 265, 424 Indian drugs to prolong life, ii. 370n —— geography, dislocation of Polo’s, ii. 377n, 390n, 396n, 403n, 426n —— nuts, _see_ Cocoa-nuts —— steel (ondanique), i. 93n Indies, the Three, and their distribution, ii. 424, 426n Indifference, religious, of Mongol Emperors, i. 14n, 349n Indigo, mode of manufacture at Coilum, ii. 375, 381n, 382n; in Guzerat, 393; Cambay, 398; prohibited by London Painters’ Guild, 382n Indo-China, ii. 426n Indragiri River, ii. 283n Infants, exposure of, ii. 147, 151n Ingushes of Caucasus, i. 268n Innocent IV., Pope, i. 62n Inscription, Jewish, at Kaifungfu, i. 346n Insult, mode of, in South India, ii. 371 Intramural interment prohibited, i. 414 Invulnerability, devices for, ii. 259, 263n ’Irák, i. 74, 84n, 86n, 145n Irghai, i. 281n Irish, accused of eating their dead kin, ii. 298n —— M.S. version of Polo’s Book, _102–103_ Iron, in Kerman, i. 90, 92n, 93n, 94n; in Cobinan, 125 Iron Gate (Derbend Pass), said to have been built by Alexander, i. 53n, 54n; gate ascribed to, 57n, ii. 494 Irtish River, ii. 493n Isaac, king of Abyssinia, ii. 432n, 433n Isabel, queen of Little Armenia, i. 42n Isabeni, ii. 432n Isentemur (Sentemur, Essentemur), Kúblái’s grandson, ii. 64, 80n Ish, the prefix, i. 156n ’Ishin, i. 119n Ish-Káshm, i. 156n, 172n; dialect, 160n, 173n Iskandar, Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n Islands, of the Indian Sea, ii. 249, 424, 426n; of China, 251, 264; in the Gulf of Cheinan, 266n; Male and Female, 404 _seqq._ Isle d’Orléans, ii. 277n Isle of Rubies (Ceylon), ii. 314n Ismaïl, Shah of Persia, i. 61n Ismailites, _see_ Assassins Ispahan (Istanit, Istan, Spaan), kingdom of Persia, i. 83n, 85n Israel in China, _see_ Jews Iteration, wearisome, ii. 133n I-tsing, ii. 283n Ivongo, ii. 414n Ivory trade, ii. 423, 424n ’Izzuddín Muzaffar, suggests paper-money in Persia, i. 428n, 429n

Jacinth, ii. 362n Jacobite Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n, ii. 409n, 432n–433n; at Tauris, i. 75, 77n; Yarkand, 187; perhaps in China, 291n Jacobs, Joseph, Barlaam and Josaphat, ii. 327n _Jadah_, or _Yadah-Tásh_, i. 309n Jade stone (jasper) of Khotan, i. 191, 193n, 194 Jaeschke, Rev. H. A., i. 209n, 243n, 314n, 324n Jaffa, Count of, his galley, _40_, _49_ Jaipál, Raja, ii. 346n Jájnagar, ii. 427n Jaláluddín of Khwarizm, i. 91n, 236n Jamáluddín-al-Thaibi, Lord of Kais, i. 65n, ii. 333n, 348n Jamáluddin, envoy from Ma’bar to Khanbaligh, ii. 337n Jambi River, ii. 283n James of Aragon, king, i. 273n, ii. 163n Jámisfulah (Gauenispola), ii. 307n Jamúi Khátún, Kúblái’s favourite Queen, her kindness to the captured Chinese princesses, i. 38n, 358n, ii. 151n Jangama sect, ii. 370n Janibeg, Khan of Sarai, i. 6n, 264n, 352n Japan, _see_ Chipangu Japanese paper-money, i. 428n Jaroslawl, ii. 489n _Jase_, stitched vessel, i. 117n Jaspar (Gaspar), one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n Jasper and chalcedony, i. 191, 193n Jatolic, Játhalík, Jaselic, Gáthalík (καθολικός), i. 60, 61n Jauchau, ii. 243n Jaúzgún, former captain of Badakhshan, i. 156n Java, the Great, _13_; described, ii. 272; circuit, empires in, 275n; Kúblái’s expedition against, _ib._ Java, the Greater and Lesser, meaning of these terms, ii. 286n Java, the Less, _see_ Sumatra Jawa, Jáwi, applied by Arabs to islands and products of the Archipelago generally, ii. 286n Jaya-Sinhavarman II., king of Champa, ii. 271n Jazirah, i. 61n Jehangir (Jehan, Shah), i. 168n Jenkinson, Anthony, i. 9n, 218n Jerún (Zarun), island, site of the later Hormuz, i. 110n, 111n, 115n, 121n Jerusalem, _130_, i. 19 Jesuit maps, i. 408n Jesujabus, Nestorian Patriarch, ii. 377n, 409n Jews, their test of Mahommed’s prophetic character, i. 56n; shut up by Alexander, _ib._; their connection with the Tartars, 57n; in China, their inscription at Kaifungfu, 343, 346n, 347n; in Coilum, ii. 375; in Abyssinia, 427, 431n, 434n Jibal, i. 81n —— Naḳús, or “Hill of the Bell,” Sinai desert, i. 202n Jibal-ul-Thabúl, “Hill of Drums,” near Mecca, i. 202n Jíruft, i. 92n, 106n, 111n, 112n Jogis (Chughi), ii. 365, 369n John XXII., Pope, i. 4n, 5n, 186n Johnson, his visit to Khotan, i. 189n, 190n, 192n, 195n, 198n Johnston, Keith, i. 81n, ii. 67n Johore, Sultan of, ii. 281n, 282n Jon (Jihon, or Oxus) River, ii. 458, 466 Jordanus, Friar, i. 37n Jor-fattan (Baliapatan), ii. 386n Josephus, i. 49n, 57n, 66n Jubb River, ii. 424n Judi, Mount, i. 62n Jugglers, at Khan’s feasts, i. 383, 386n, 392; and gleemen conquer Mien, ii. 110, 114n Juggling extraordinary, i. 316n, 318 _et seq._ Juji, eldest son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 5n, 239n Juju (Cho-chau), ii. 10, 11n, 127, 131n Julman, ii. 485n Junghuhu, on Batta cannibalism, ii. 288n; on camphor trees, 303n Junks, ii. 252n, 333n. (_See_ also Ships.) Jupár, i. 113n Justice, administration of Tartar, i. 266 Justinian, Emperor, i. 49n Juzgána (Dogana), i. 152n

Kaan, and Khan, the titles, _10_ Kaan, the Great, _see_ Kúblái Kaans, the series of, and their burial place, i. 245, 247n–250n; massacre of all met by funeral party, 246, 250n Kabul, i. 104n, 165n, ii. 402n _Kachkár_ (_Ovis Vignei_), wild sheep, i. 158, 163n Kadapah, ii. 362n Kafchi-kúe, ii. 128n Káfirs of Hindu Kush, i. 165n; their wine, 87n, 155n _Kahgyur_, Tibetan Scripture, ii. 347n Kahn-i-Panchur, i. 106n Kaidu (Caidu) Khan, Kúblái’s cousin and life-long opponent, _11_, i. 183, 186n, 187, 214n, ii. 148n; plots with Nayan, i. 333, 334n, 348; his differences with Kúblái, ii. 457; and constant aggressions, 457–458; his death, 459n; his victorious expedition _v._ Kúblái, 459; Kúblái’s resentment, 463; his daughter’s valour, 463 _seqq._, 465n; sends a host _v._ Abaga, 467 Kaifung-fu, Jews and their synagogues there, i. 346n, 347n; siege of, ii. 158n Kaikhatu (Kiacatu), Khan of Persia, seizes throne, i. 35, 38n; his paper-money scheme, 428n; his death, 428, ii. 475; his dissolute character, i. 91n, ii. 475 Kaïkhosru I. and III., Seljukian dynasty, i. 44n Kaïkobad I. and III., i. 44n Kaikus, Izz ed-din, i. 44n Káil, _see_ Cail Kaïn (Gháín), a city of Persia, i. 86n, 124n, 141n Kaipingfu (Keibung, Kaiminfu, Kemenfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n Kairat-ul-Arab, i. 112n Kais, _see_ Kish Kaisaríya (Caesaræa, Casaria), i. 43, 44n, 49n Kajjala, or Khajlak, a Mongol leader, i. 104n Kakateya, dynasty, ii. 362n Kakhyens, Kachyens, tribe in Western Yun-nan, ii. 74n, 82n, 90n, 120n Ḳakula, ii. 279n Kala’ Atishparastán (Cala Ataperistan), “The Castle of the Fire-Worshippers”), i. 78, 82n Kala’ Safed, i. 85n Kalaján (Calachan), i. 281, 282n Kalámúr, ii. 427n Kalantan, ii. 279n Ḳalchi, Ḳalaḳchi, i. 380n Kales Devar, king of Ma’bar, ii. 333n, 335n; his enormous wealth, 333n Kalgan, or Chang-kia-keu, i. 295n Kalhát (Kalhátú, Calatu, Calaiate), i. 120n, ii. 348n; described, 449–450, 451n; idiom of, 451n Kalidása, the poet, on the Yak, i. 278n Kalikut, ii. 386n, 391n, 440n _Ḳálín_, marriage prices, i. 256n, 392n Kalinga, ii. 329n, 330n Kalinjar, ii. 426n _Kalmia angustifolia_, poisonous, i. 219n Kamál Malik, i. 68n Ḳamárah, Ḳomar, ii. 279n Kamasal (Conosalmi), Kahn-i-asal, “The honey canal,” i. 99, 106n Kambala, Kúblái’s grandson, i. 361n Kambáyat (Cambay), ii. 398n Kamboja (Chinla), ii. 134n, 278n, 374n Kampar, district and River, Buddhist ruins, ii. 283n Kamul (Komal, Camul), the Mongol Khamil, Chinese Hami, i. 209, 211n, 214n _Kanát_, or _Kárez_, underground stream, i. 123, 124n Kanát-ul-Shám (Conosalmi), i. 106n Kanauj, ii. 427n Kanbalu Island, ii. 414n Kanchau (Campichu), i. 219, 220n Kandahár, Kandar, Gandhára, ii. 72n, 73n, 329n, 402n Kandy, ii. 328n Kanerkes, or Kanishka, king, i. 168n; coins of, 173n Kang-hi, Emperor, i. 251n, 407n, ii. 8n, 182n Kank, i. 194n, 195n Kanp’u (Ganpu), old Port of Hang-chau, ii. 198n, 199n Kansan, _see_ Shen-si Kansuh, i. 206n, 220n Kao Hoshang, i. 422n Kao-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n Kao-yu (Cayu), ii. 153n Kapilavastu, ii. 322n Kapukada, Capucate, ii. 380n _Ḳarábughá_, _Carabya_, _Calabra_, a military engine, ii. 168n Kará Hulun, ii. 485n Karájáng (Carajan, or Yun-nan), ii. 64, 67n, 72n, 73n, 80n Karákásh (“black jade”) River, i. 193n Karákhitaian Empire, i. 231n —— Princes of Kerman, i. 91n Kará Khoja, i. 214n Karakorum (Caracoron), i. 66n, 226, 227n, 269, ii. 460 _Kara Kumiz_, special kind of _Kumiz_, i. 259n Karámúren (Caramoran) River, Mongol name for the Hwang-ho, or Yellow River, i. 245n, 282n, 286n, ii. 22, 23n _Karana_, meaning of, i. 101n Karáni (vulgo Cranny), i. 101n Karanút, a Mongol sept, i, 101n Ḳaraún Jidun, or Khidun, i. 101n Karaunahs (Caraonas), a robber tribe, i. 98, 101n, 121n _Karavat_, an instrument for self-decollation, ii. 349n Karens, ii. 74n Karmathian, heretics, i. 187n Karnúl, ii. 362n Karráh, ii. 427n Karra-Mánikpúr, i. 86n Kartazōnon, Karkaddan, rhinoceros, ii. 291n Kaṣaidi Arabs, ii. 443n _Kash_, jade, i. 193n Kashan, i. 81n Káshgar (Cascar), i. 180, 182n; Chankans of, 193n, ii. 594n _Kashísh_ (_Casses_), i. 70n, ii. 409n Kashmír (Keshimur), i. 104n, 164n, 166; Buddhism, 166, 168n; beauty of the women, 166, 169n; conjurers, 166, 168n; the language of, 168n; sorcery in, ii. 593 Kashmiris, i. 76n, 166 Kasia, people and hills, ii. 59n Kasyapa Buddha, ii. 356n Kataghan, breed of horses, i. 162n Ḳaṭar pirates, ii. 409n Kátif, ii. 348n Kattiawár, ii. 395n; pirates, 400n Kaulam, _see_ Coilum Kaulam-Malé, ii. 377n Kauli (Cauly), Corea, i. 343, 345n Kaunchi (Conchi), Khan, ii. 479, 481n Káveripattanam, ii. 335n Káveri River, delta of, ii. 335n _Kavir_, saline swamp, i. 124n Kavváyi, ii. 388n Káyal, Káil, _see_ Cail —— Pattanam, ii. 372n —— Punnei-, ii. 372n Kayten, ii. 234n Kazan, i. 6n, 7n Kazáwinah, i. 101n Kazbek, i. 54n Kazvín (Casvin), i. 83, 84n, 101n, 141n Keary, C. F., i. 429n _Kebteul_, night-watch, i. 381n Kehran, ii. 426n Keiaz tribe, i. 179n Keibung (Kaipingfu), i. 25, 227n, 304n, 306n Kelinfu (Kienning-fu), City, its bridges, ii. 225, 228n, 229n, 234n Kemenfu, _see_ Kaipingfu Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 25n, 27n–29n Keraits, a great Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 237n, 271n, 287n, 288n Kerala, ii. 390n Keria, _see_ Kiria Keriza River, ii. 595n Kermán, i. 89n, 90, 109, 110, ii. 452; route to Hormus from, i. 91, 107, 110; steel manufacture, its industries, 96n; king of, Atabeg of, 107, 110; stitched vessels of, 117n; desert of, 123, 124n Kerulen (K’i-lien) valley, the Khans’ burial-ground, i. 248n Keshican (Keshikten), Kúblái’s life-guard, i. 379, 380n, 381n, 394n Kesmacoran (Kij-Makrán), i. 86n, ii. 401, 402n; Kij-Makrán, 402n Keuyung Kwan, village, i. 28n Khakán, the word, _10_ Khalif (Calif) Mosta’Sim Billah of Baghdad, i. 63; taken by Hulákú and starved to death, 64; plot _v._ the Christians laid by a former—the miracle of the mountain, 69–73; becomes secretly a Christian, 73 _Khálij_, ii. 439n _Khàm_, stuff made with cotton thread, i. 190n Khambavati (Cambay), ii. 398n Khanabad (Dogana?), i. 156n Khán Bádshah of Khotan, i. 189n Khánbalík, _see_ Cambaluc Khanfu, ii. 199n Khanikoff, N. de (travels in Persia), i. 49n, 53n, 58n, 74n, 89n, 91n, 92n, 96n, 101n, 106n, 114n, 121n, 124n, 141n, 150n, 193n _Khanjár-i-Hundwán_, hanger of Indian steel, i. 93n _Khán-khánán_, a title, _10_ Khanoolla (Mount Royal), site of Chinghiz’s tomb, i. 247n Khansâ, ii. 199n, 214n Kharesem, Mount, i. 155n Khato-tribe, ii. 120n Khátún-gol, or “Lady’s River,” _i.e._ Hwang-ho, i. 245n, 249n _Khatun_, title of Khan’s wives, _10_ Khavailu (Hwo-lu h’ien), ii. 15n Khazars, the, i. 7n, ii. 492n Khilak, i. 54n Khimka, ii. 238n Khinsa, Khingsai, Khinzai, ii. 144n, 175n, 214n. (_See_ Kinsay.) Khitan, Khitai, _11_ —— character, i. 28n —— dynasty of Liao, i. 232n, 288n, ii. 20n Khmer, ii. 279n Khodabanda, Ilkhan of Kermán, i. 91n, 103n Khojas, name of modern Ismailite sect, i. 146n, 163n Khorasan, province, i. 38n, 128n, 131n, 135n, 150n, ii. 467n, 474n; turquoises of, i. 92n Khormuzda, supreme deity of the Tartars, i. 257n Khotan (Cotan), i. 188, 195n, 197n, ii. 594n, 595n; fruits, i. 190n; routes between China and, 191n; buried cities of, 192n; its jade, 193n Khumbavati (Cambay), ii. 398n Khumdán, ii. 27n Khusrú, Amír, Indian poet, i. 48n, 96n, 104n Khutuktai Setzen, Prince of the Ordos, i. 257n Khwarizm, i. 9n Kiacatu, _see_ Kaikhátu Kiahing (Ciangan, Canigan), ii. 185n Kiai- or Hiai-chau (Caichu), ii. 19n Kiakhta, i. 56n, 218n Kia-k’ing, Emperor, ii. 143n Kiang, the Great (Kian and Kian-Suy, and in its highest course Brius, the Kinsha Kiang), ii. 36, 56, 59n, 60n, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n, 129n–131n, 149n, 154n; its vastness, and numerous craft, 170, 171, 173n; steamers on, 173n, 174n; its former debouchure to the south, and changes, i. 199n Kiang-Ché, ii. 157n, 217n, 224n; limits of, 218n Kiang-Hung, Xieng-Hung, ii. 117n, 127n–129n, 131n Kiangka, ii. 48n Kiang-mai, Xieng-mai, Zimmé, ii. 117n, 128n, 279n Kiangshan, ii. 224n Kiangsi, ii. 228n Kiang-su, ii. 135n Kiang-suy (-shui) River, ii. 36, 40n Kiangtheu, ii. 105n, 111n, 113n Kiang-Tung, ii. 117n, 279n Kiao-chi (Tungking), Chinese etymology of, ii. 119n, 128n Kia Tsing, Emperor, a great bridge builder, ii. 6n Ki-chau Castle, ii. 26n Kieh-Ch’a, ii. 283n K’ien-ch’ang, Kiung-tu (Caindu), ii. 70n–72n Kien-chau, ii. 232n Kien-kwé, ii. 232n Kien-lung, Emperor, ii. 8n, 196n Kien-ning fu (Kelinfu), ii. 228n Kiepert, _Map of Asia_, i. 197n Kij-Makrán (Kesmacoran), i. 86n Kila’-i-Gabr, “Gueber Castle,” i. 81n, 82n Kilimanchi River, ii. 424n Kiming shan Mountains, gold and silver mines, i. 295n _Kimiz_, _kumiz_ (_kemiz_), mare’s milk, —Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n Kin, or Golden Dynasty in N. China, _12_, i. 28n, 231n, 288n, ii. 8n, 19n, 168n, 190n; their paper-money, i. 426n, 430n; story of their Golden King, ii. 17–22 Kincha, Chinese name for Kipchak, ii. 179n Kin-Chi, or Gold-Teeth (Zardandan), 84–90n King of the Abraiaman, ii. 364 —— of England, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34; intercourse with Mongol princes, 36n, ii. 177n —— of France, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34 —— of Spain, Kúblái’s message to, i. 34, ii. 477n —— Rev. C. W., i. 370n Kings of Maabar, the five brothers, ii. 331, 333n, 334n, 337n, 338–339, 370, 371; their mother’s efforts to check their broils, 371 —— subordinate, or Viceroys, in China, i. 360, 361n, ii. 24, 64, 76, 79n, 190, 199n —— Tartar, of the Ponent, ii. 490, 492n Kingsmill, T. W., ii. 154n, 184n, 194n, 220n King-tê-chên, porcelain manufacture, ii. 243n K’ing-yüan (Ning-po), ii. 238n Kin-hwa fu, ii. 222n Kinki, Kimkhá, ii. 238n Kinsay (King-szé, or “Capital,” Khansá, Khinsá, Khingsai, Khanzai, Cansay, Campsay), formerly Lin-ngan now Hang-chau fu, _11_, ii. 146, 149n, 193n; its surrender to Bayan, 146, 149n; extreme public security, 147; alleged meaning of the name, 182, 184n, 185; described, 185–208; bridges, 185, 187, 194n; hereditary trades, guilds and wealthy craftsmen and their dainty wives, 186, 196n; the lake, islands and garden-houses, 186, 187, 196n; stone-towers—inhabitants’ clothing and food, 187, 197n–198n; guards and police regulations, 187–188; fires, 188; alarm towers, paved streets, 189; revenue, 189, 190, 215, 216, 217n, 218n; pavements, public baths, port of Ganfu, 189, 198n, 199n; the province and other provinces of Manzi, garrisons, 190, 200n; horoscopes, funeral rites, 191, 200n; palace of the expelled king, 192; church, house registers, 192, 200n; hostel regulations, 193; canals, 200; markets and squares, 201, 209n; fruits and fish shops, 202, 210n; women of the town, physicians and astrologers, courts of justice, 203; vast consumption of pepper, 204, 210n; inhabitants’ character—their behaviour to women and foreigners, 204, 210n, 211n; hatred of soldiers, 205; pleasures on the lake and in carriage excursions, 205, 211n; palace of the king, 206; the king’s effeminacy and ruin, 207–208, 211n; tides, 208n; plan of, 209n; notices by various writers of, 213n; wealth of, 245n; ships, 255, 260n Kin-sha Kiang, “River of Golden Sands” (upper branch of Great Kiang, Brius), ii. 36, 56, 64, 67n, 69n, 70n, 72n Kinshan, _see_ Golden Island Kinto, or Hintu, Mongol general, ii. 260n Kipchak (Ponent), Southern Russia, events related by Polo in, _23_, i. 5, 6n, ii. 490 _seqq._; sovereigns, 492n; people of, 493n; extent of empire, _ib._ Kirghiz Kazak, i. 313n Kirghiz, the, i. 162n, 176n, 309n, ii. 362n Kiria, i. 192n, 195n, ii. 595n Kirk, Sir John, and Raphia palm, ii. 597n Kis, Kish, or Kais (Kisi), now Ghes, or Kem, island in Persian Gulf, i. 63, 64n, 83, 452; merchants, ii. 340; described, 453n Kishik, Kishikan, Kizik, Keshikchi, _see_ Keshican Kishm (Casem), i. 153, 155n, 156n, 173n —— or Brakht (Oaracta), island in the Persian Gulf, i. 115n, 121n Kistna River, ii. 362n Kitubuka, General, i. 85n Kiu-chau, ii. 222n Kiulan (Quilon), _see_ Coilum Kizil Irmak, the, i. 45n Kizil River, i. 54n Kneeling oxen, i. 97, 99n Kobad, the Sassanian, i. 53n Kobdo, i. 215n Koh-Banán (Cobinan), i. 125 Koja (Coja), a Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n, 38n Kokcha River, i. 154n–156n, 162n _Kok-Tash_, greenstone of Samarkand, i. 187n Kolastri, or Kolatiri Rajas, ii. 387n Ko-li-ki-sze, i. 289n Kolkhoi of Ptolemy, identified, ii. 373n Kollam, _see_ Coilum Koloman, _see_ Coloman Kolyma, bird-hunting at, i. 272n Κώμακον, ii. 391n Ḳomár, ii. 279n, 383n Κομάρια ἄκρον, ii. 382n Konár tree, Marco Polo’s apples of Paradise, i. 99n Kondachi, 337n Konkan, Konkan-Tana, ii. 367n, 390n, 396n _Korano_, epithet on Indo-Scythic coins, i. 101n _Korea_, _History of_, ii. 262n Koresh king, i. 82n _Kornish_, or K’o-tow (Khén-théu), i. 391, 393n Kosakio, a general against Japan, ii. 260n Kosseir, ii. 439n Kotcheres, Kurds of Mosul, i. 62n Kotlogh, or Kutlugh, Sultan of Kerman, i. 91n Kotlogh Shah, the Chaghataian prince, i. 104n, 121n Kotrobah Island, ii. 409n Kouyunjik, sculptures at, i. 100n Kozlov, Lieutenant K. P., on the Lob-nor, i. 199n Kuang-chou, ii. 239n Kúbenán (Cobinan), a Kuh-banán “Hill of the Terebinths or Wild Pistachios,” i. 123, 124n Kúblái (Cublay), Káán, the Great Khán, i. 8n, 10, 11, 12, 15; his envoys meet the two elder Polos, 10; receives and questions the Polos, 11, 12; sends them as envoys to the Pope, 13; his desire for Christian teachers, and for oil from the lamp in the Holy Sepulchre, 13, 14; gives them a Golden Tablet, 15; his reception of the three Polos, 26; sends Marco on an embassy, 27; Marco grows in favour, 30; allows the Polos to depart with Tablets of Authority, 33–35; rumour of his death, 38n; sends a napkin of asbestos to the Pope, 213; his greatness and power, 246, 247n, 331; his milk libations, 300; his inscription at Shangtu, 304n; Chinghiz’s prophecy, 331n; his lineage, age, and accession, 332; Nayan’s revolt, 333; Nayan’s defeat and death, 336–343; rebukes anti-Christian gibes, 344; returns to Cambaluc, 348; treats four religions with equal respect, 348n; his views on Christianity, 349n; how he rewards his captains, 350; his personal appearance, 356; his wives and ladies-in-waiting, 356–358; his palace at Cambaluc, 362; builds Cambaluc city, 374; his bodyguard, 379; order of his feasts, 381; celebration of his birthday, 387; his distribution of robes, 387, 394; his New Year’s feast, 390; his elephants, 391; the _K’o-tow_, 391, 393n; adopts Chinese ancestor-worship, 392n; his game laws, 396; his hunting establishment, 397; his masters of hounds, 400; how he goes a-hunting, 402; how his year is spent, 410; Ahmad’s influence, oppression, and death, 416–420; his treatment of Mahomedans, 422n; his mint and paper-money, 423; his purchase of valuables, 425; his twelve great Barons, 430; his posts and runners, 433; remission of taxes, 439, 443; his justice, 440n; a tree planter, 440; his store of corn, 443; charity to the poor, 445; his astrologers, 446; gaol deliveries, and prohibition of gambling, 457; his early campaign in Yun-nan, ii. 46n, 79, 80n; and the king of Mien and Bangala, 98, 110, 114n; Litan’s plot, 136; sends Bayan to invade Manzi, 145; his dealings with Bayan, 148n, 149n; satisfied with the Polo’s mangonels, 159; appoints Mar Sarghis governor of Chinghian-fu, 177; the city of Kinsay, 186–190; his revenue from Kinsay, 215; from Zayton, 235; his expedition against Chipangu (Japan), 255; sends force against Chamba, 267, 270n; attempts to gain Java, 272, 275n; his death, 275n; sends to buy Ceylon ruby, 313, 315n; sends for religions of Sakya, 319; testifies to miraculous powers of Sakya’s dish, 320; intercourse with Ma’bar, 337n; with Kaulam, 378n; missions to Madagascar, 412–413; Kaidu’s wars with him, 457 _seqq._ —— Khan, territories and people subject to (Turkistan), i. 180, 188, 191, 196; (Tangut and Mongolia), 203, 212, 217, 269, 274, 281, 284, 285; (Tibetan frontier and Yun-nan), ii. 50, 53, 64, 109, 116, 119, 122; (Western China), 124, 127; (N. Eastern China), 132, 135, 138, 140, 141; (Manzi), 151–153; (Sinju), 170; (Caiju), 174; Chinghian-fu, 176; (Chinginju), 178; (Suju), 181; (Tanpigu), 218; (Chonka), 231; (Zayton), 234; (Chamba), 267; (Sumatra), 272, 285, 292, 299 Kuché character, i. 211n _Kudatku Bilik_, an Uíghúr poem, i. 28n Kuhistan, or Hill country of Persia, i. 86n Kúkachin, _see_ Cocachin Kukin-Tána, ii. 396n Kukju (Genkju), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Kuku-Khotan (Blue Town), depôt for Mongolian trade with China, i. 278n, 286n, 287n Ku-kwan, Customs’ Barrier, ii. 14n Kuláb, lions in, i. 152n; Salt Mines, 154n Kulan, _Asinus Onager_, the Gor Khar of Persia, i. 89n Kulasaikera, ii. 335n Kumár, _see_ Ḳomár Kumhări, Kumari, _see_ Comari Kumiz, kimiz (kemiz), Mare’s milk, Tartar beverage, i. 257, 259n, 300; sprinkling of, 308n, 309n, 385n, 411 Kummájar, ii. 491n Kúnbúm Monastery, i. 319n Kunduz, i. 152n, 154n _Kunduz_ (beaver or sable), i. 410n Kunduz-Baghlán, i. 86n Kung-ki-cheng (Fei-ch’eng), ii. 6n, 8n Kunguráts, Kunkuráts (Ungrat), a Mongol tribe, i. 38n, 101n, 359n, 360 _Kunichi_ (Cunichi, or Chinuchi), “The Keepers of the Mastiff Dogs,” i. 400 Kuniyah (Conia), Iconium, Koniah, i. 43, 44n 356n Kunlun (Pulo Condore), ii. 277n Kurd dynasty, i. 85n Kurdistan (Curdistan), i. 9n, 62n, 83, 84n Kurds, the, i. 60, 62n, 85n Kúreh-i-Ardeshír (Kuwáshír), i. 91n Kuria Maria Islands, ii. 405n Kuridai, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n _Kúrkah_, great drum, i. 340n, 341n Kurmishi, ii. 474n Kurshids of Lúristán, i. 85n _Kurut_ (Curd), i. 262, 265n Kus, Cos (in Egypt), ii. 439n Kushluk, the Naiman, ii. 20n Kutan, son of Okkodai, ii. 32n Kutchluk Khan (Buddhist), Chief of the Naïmans, i. 188n Kutuktemur, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Kutulun, Princess, ii. 465n Kuwinji, _see_ Kaunchi Kuyuk Khan, i. 14n, 245, 247n Kwa-chau (Caiju), at mouth of Great Canabon Yang-tse-Kiang, ii. 144n, 175n Kwan Hsien, ii. 41n Kwansinfu, ii. 221n, 224n Kwawa, _i.e._ Java, etymology, ii. 119n Kwei-chau (Cuiju), ii. 82n, 124n, 127n, 129n Kwei-hwa-ch’eng, or Kuku Khotan, i. 278n, 286n, 287n Kweilei River, i. 345n Kyŭng-sang province, ii. 262n

Lac (Wallachia), Lacz, i. 54n, ii. 487, 489n, 490, 491n Ladies’ dresses in Badakhshan, i. 160, 163n Ladies of Kinsay, ii. 186 Lagong, ii. 279n Lahore (Dalivar, Dilivar), i. 99, 104n, 105n, ii. 426n, 427n Lahsá, ii. 348n Lájwurd mines, i. 162n Lake, Caindu, ii. 53, 72n —— Fanchau, ii. 29n —— Kinsay, ii. 186, 196n, 200, 214n —— of Palace at Cambaluc, i. 365, 370n —— Pleasure parties on, ii. 205, 211n —— Talifu, ii. 80 —— Yunnan-fu, ii. 66 Laknaoti, ii. 427n Lakshamana Deva, king of Kashmir, i. 104n Lamas of Tibetan Buddhism, i. 28n; their superstitions and rites, 204, 207n, 220, 221n–223n, 301, 302, 314n, 315n; their monasteries, 303, 319n; marriage, 303, 319n. (_See_ also Bakhshi.) Lambri, kingdom of, ii. 299, 300n, 306, 307n; situation of, 301n Lances of Sago Palm, ii. 305n Lanchang, ii. 279n Land of Darkness, ii. 484 _seqq._; market in, 486n Langdarma, i. 168n, 170n Langting Balghasun, i. 306n Languages used in Mongol Court and administration, i. 27, 28n–30n Lan-Ho, i. 305 Lanja Bálús, or Lankha bálús, ii. 308n Lanka (Ceylon), ii. 320n Lan Ki Hien (Nan-Che-hien), ii. 222n, 224n Lanner Falcons, i. 158, 162n, ii. 50 Lan-tsang kiang (Mekong) River, ii. 88n, 128n Lao-Kiun, or Lao-Tseu, the Philosopher, i. 322n, 325n, 326n Laos, people of, ii. 91n, 117n, 120n, 128n Lar, or Láṭ-Desa, ii. 367n —— province, ii. 363, 367n, 403n Latin version of Polo’s Book, _63_, _81_, _90_, _95_, _100_ Latins, the term, i. 10, 12, 32 Latsé, Tibetan for musk, i. 279n Lauredano, Agnes, ii. 520n _Laurus Camphora_, ii. 237n Lawek, _Lawáki_, ii. 278n–279n Laxities of marriage customs, _see_ Marriage Layard, Mr., i. 85n Layas, _see_ Ayas —— Gulf of, i. 17n Leather, i. 395, 398; embroidered mats of Guzerat, 393–394, 395n Leaves, used for plates, ii. 365; green leaves said to have a soul, 366 Lecomte on Chinese war vessels, i. 37n Lembeser, Ismaelite fortress, i. 146n Lenzin, ii. 141n Leon I., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n Leon II., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 44n Leon III., king of Lesser Armenia, i. 25n Leon VI., last king of Lesser Armenia, i. 42n Leopards, ii. 282, 411, 431; taught to sit on horseback, i. 299; (Cheetas) kept for the Chase by Kúblái, 397 Lepechin, Professor, i. 9n Le Strange, Guy, i. 67n, 92n Leung Shan, i. 245n Levant, term applied by Polo to the kingdom of the Mongol Khans, i. 1, 5, 8n, 10, 32, 36, 44, 63, 84, 246, 270, ii. 50, 376, 466, 477, 491, 494 Lewchew, ii. 391n Lewis, _see_ St. Lewis Lewis XI. and XII. (France), i. 398n Lew-sha, old Chinese name for Lop Desert, i. 198n, 201n Leyes, _see_ Ayas Lhása, ii. 45n, 70n, 74n; _Labrang_ Monastery at, i. 319n _Li_, Chinese measure, supposed to be confounded with miles, ii. 193n, 194n, 209n Liampo (Ningpo), ii. 228n, 239n Liang, or tael, i. 426n, 427n Liang-chau in Kansuh, i. 29n, 276n, 281n Liao dynasty, _12_, i. 232n, 288n Liao-tong, i. 289n, 334n, 345n Libanos, Λιβανοφόρος and Λιβανωτοφόρος χώρα, ii. 445n–446n _Libro d’Oro_, _14_ Licinius, Emperor, i. 45n Lidé (Liti), ii. 297n, 305n Lieuli Ho, ii. 6n Lign-aloes (eagle-wood), ii. 87, 268; etymology, 271n; in Sumatra, 284, 287n Ligor, ii. 278n _Ligurium_, the precious stone, _Liguire_, i. 398n Li H’ien, Tartar ruler of Tangut, i. 206n _Likamankwas_ of Abyssinian kings, ii. 348n Li-kiang fu, ii. 73n, 90n _Limyrica_, ii. 408n Lindley, i. 99n Lindsay, Hon. R., ii. 46n, 74n _Linga_, ii. 370n Linju, ii. 140, 141n Lin-ngan (Hang-chau), ii. 149n, 195n Lin-ngan in Yun-nan, ii. 120n, 121n, 129n Lintching-y, or Lingchinghien, ii. 141n Lin-t’sing chau, ii. 139n Lion and Sun, i. 352n Lions, black, ii. 376, 382n, 422 —— on the Oxus, i. 151; Chinese notion of, i. 399n —— (apparently for tigers) kept for the chase by Kúblái, i. 397, ii. 31, 42, 56, 214, 219; skins of striped, i. 405; how hunted with dogs, ii. 126. (_See_ also Tigers.) Lion’s Head Tablets, i. 35, 350, 352n _Lire_, various Venetian, _66_, _71_, ii. 591n–592n —— of gold, _73_ Lisbon, ii. 391n Lissu, or Lisau tribe, ii. 60n, 90n Litai, ii. 301n Litan, rebellion of, i. 313n, ii. 136, 138n Lithang, ii. 48n, 56n, 67n Little Orphan Rock, ii. 174n Liu Pang, founder of 1st Han dynasty, ii. 32n Liu Pei (Luo Pé), of the Han dynasty, ii. 32n, 38n _Livre des Merveilles_, _121_, ii. 527n Livres of gold, ii. 442 —— Parisis, _90_, ii. 590n —— Tournois, i. 83, 86n, ii. 590n Li Yuan-hao, founder of the Hsi Hsia dynasty, Tangut, i. 206n Lo, tribes of S.W. China so-called, ii. 123n, 124n, 129n —— Chinese name of part of Siam, ii. 278n Lob, _see_ Lop Locac, kingdom of, ii. 276, 277n–280n Lockhart, Dr. W., i. 372n, 377n, ii. 8n, 27n, 82n, 124n _Lokok_, ii. 278n—280n Lolo tribes, ii. 60n—63n, 69n, 70n, 123n Longevity of Brahmins and Jogis, ii. 365, 369n Longfellow, i. 67n Lop, city and lake, i. 194, 196; desert, 196, 197 Lophāburi, ii. 278n Loping, ii. 129n, 130 Lor, _see_ Lúristan Lord, Dr. Percival, i. 160n Löss, brownish-yellow loam, ii. 14n Loups cerviers (lynx), i. 398n Low castes, ii. 349—350n Lowatong River, ii. 130n Loyang, Bridge of, ii. 241n Lubán, ii. 446n, 449n Lubán-Jáwi, ii. 286n Lubán-Shehri, ii. 449n Lubbies, ii. 372n Lucky and unlucky hours and days, ii. 364, 368n Luddur Deo, ii. 362n Luh-ho-ta Pagoda, Hang-chau, ii. 193n, 194n Lukon-Kiao (Hun-ho, Pulisanghin River), ii. 5n, 6n, 8n Lukyn Port, ii. 279n, 280n Lung-yin ii. 224n Lúristan (Lor, Lur), kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 84n; Great and Little, 85n; character of Lurs or people of, 87n Lusignan, John de, i. 42n Lút, Desert of (Dasht-i-Lut), i. 124n, 127, 128n Lu-tzŭ tribe, ii. 82n Lynxes, trained to hunt, i. 397, 398n; in Cuncun, ii. 31

Ma Twan-lin, the Chinese Pliny, i. 100n, 201n Maaden, turquoise mines at, i. 92n Maatum, or Nubia, ii. 431n Ma’bar (Maabar, _i.e._ Coromandel coast), province of India, ii. 331, 332n, 338; its brother kings, 331, 333n, 335n, 370, 371; pearl fishery, 331, 335n, 337n; etymology, 332n; limits, 333n; obscurity of history, 334n; port visited by Polo, 335n; nakedness of people, king, his jewels, 338–346; his wives, “Trusty Lieges,” treasure, 339, 347n; horses imported, 340; superstitious customs, 340; ox-worship, 341; Govis, _ib._; no horses bred, 342, 350n; other customs, 342; mode of arrest for debt, 343, 350n; great heat, 343; regard for omens, 344, 351n; astrology, treatment of boys, 344; birds, girls consecrated to idols, 345, 351n; customs in sleeping, 346, 352n; ships at Madagascar, 412 Macartney’s Map, i. 173n, 292n Macgregor, Sir C., “Journey through Khorasan,” i. 86n, 89n Máchin, city of (Canton), ii. 175n Máchin, Maháchin (Great China), used by Persian writers as synonymous with Manzi, ii. 35n, 144n, 175n Maclagan, Major-General (R.E.), i. 105n, 155n Madagascar (Madeigascar), ii. 411, 413n; confused with Magadoxo, 414n; etymology, 414n; traces of ancient Arab colonisation, 414n Mádái, Madavi, Maudoy, ii. 387n, 388n Madjgars, ii. 491n–492n Madar-Des, Eastern Panjáb, i. 104n Madras, ii. 355n, 403n Madura, ii. 333n, 334n, 335n Maestro, or Great Bear, said to be invisible in Sumatra, ii. 292, 296n Magadha, ii. 356n Magadoxo, confused with Madagascar, ii. 414n Magapatana, near Ceylon, ii. 283n Magi, the three, i. 78–80; legend as told by Mas’udi, 82n; source of fancies about, 82n; names assigned to, 83n Magic, of Udyana, i. 164n; Lamaitic, 301, 314n. (_See_ also Sorcerers.) Magical darkness (dry fog and dust storms), i. 98, 105n Magnet, Mount, ii. 418n Magyars, ii. 491n–492n Mahar Amlak, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n Mahávan, ii. 426n Mahmúd Kalháti, prince of Hormuz, i. 121n Mahmúd of Ghazni, i. 106n Mahmudiah Canal, ii. 439n Mahomed (Mahommet), his account of Gog and Magog, i. 56n; his Paradise, 140; his alleged prophecy of the Mongols, 265n; his use of mangonels, ii. 164n Mahomed, supposed worship of idols of, i. 189n —— II., uses the old engines of war, ii. 163n, 166n —— Tarabi, 106n —— Tughlak of Delhi, his copper token currency, 429n —— Shah of Malacca, ii. 282n Mahomedan revolts in China, ii. 29n, 74n, 80n —— conversion of Malacca, 282n —— conversion of states in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n–303n —— butchers in Kashmir, i. 167 —— butchers in Maabar, ii. 342 —— king of Kayal, 374n —— merchants at Kayal, 372n —— settlements on Abyssinian coast, 434n Mahomedans (Saracens), i. 414, 418; in Turcomania, 43; in and near Mausul, 60; their universal hatred of Christians, 68, 72; in Tauris, 75; in Persia, 84; their hypocrisy about wine, 87n; at Yezd, 88; Hormuz, 108; Cobinan, 125; Tonocain, 128; Sapurgan, 149; Taican, 153; Badakhshan, 157; Wakhan, etc., 170; Kashgar, 180; strife with Christians in Samarkand, 183; Yarkand, 187; Khotan, 188; Pein, 191; Charchan, 194; Lop, 196; Tangut, 203; Chingintalas, 212; Kanchau, 219, 263; Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, their half-breed progeny, 284; in northern frontier of China, alleged origin of, 288n; their gibes at Christians, 343; Kúblái’s dislike of, 420, 422n; in Yun-nan, ii. 66, 67n, 74n; in Champa, 268n; in Sumatra, 284, 288n, 294n, 295n, 300n, 303n; troops in Ceylon, 314; pilgrims to Adam’s Peak, 319; honour St. Thomas, 353; in Kesmacoran, 401; in Madagascar, 411; in Abyssinia, 427; in Aden, 428, 438; outrage by, 428 _seqq._; at Esher, 442; Dufar, 444; Calatu, 449; Hormuz, 452; Ahmad Sultan one, 467 Mailapúr (Shrine of St. Thomas), ii. 355n Maiman, i. 86n _Maistre_, the word, ii. 296n Maitreya Buddha, ii. 330n Majapahit, empire of (Java), ii. 275n Majar (Menjar), ii. 491n Major, R. H., on Australia, ii. 280n Makdashan, _see_ Magadoxo Malabar, Melibar, Malibar, Manibar, ii. 389, 390; fleets, 389; products, 389, 390n; imports, Chinese ships in, 390, 391n Malacca, ii. 281n; foundation of, 282n; chronology, 282n Malacca, Straits of, ii. 281n Malaiur, island and city, ii. 280, 281n, 283n, 305–306n Mal-Amir, or Aidhej, i. 85n Malasgird, i. 145n Malay Peninsula, ii. 277n; invasion of Ceylon, 215n; chronicle, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 294n, 300n; language, 286n; origin of many geographical names, 314n Malayo, or Tana Malayu, ii. 281n, 283n Malcolm, Sir John, ii. 351n Maldive Islands, ii. 425n Malé in Burma, ii. 113n Male and Female Islands, ii. 401, 404 _seqq._; legend widely diffused, 405n–406n, 415n Malifattan, ii. 333n Malik al Dháhir, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n —— al Mansúr, ii. 288n, 294n —— al Sálih, king of Samudra, ii. 288n, 294n, 295n —— Kafur, ii. 333n Malli, the, i. 93n Malpiero, Gasparo, _4_ Malte-Brun, _112_, i. 86n, ii. 602n Malwa, ii. 426n, 427n Mamaseni, i. 85n Mamre, tree of, i. 131n, 132n, 135n Mán, barbarians, ii. 60n, 123n, 144n, 228n Man, Col. Henry, ii. 308n, 312n Manchu dynasty, i. 29n Mancopa, ii. 300n, 305n Mandalé in Burma, ii. 329n Mandarin language, ii. 243n Mangalai, third son of Kúblái, _21_, i. 361n, ii. 24; his palace, 24, 25, 31n Mangalore, ii. 386n Mangla and Nebila Islands, ii. 405n Mangonels made by Polos for attack of Saianfu, ii. 159; etymology, 164n; account of, 168n; a barbarous lubricant for, 180n Mangu (Mangku, Mongu) Khan, Kúblái’s elder brother, _10_, _11_, i. 8n, 14n, 61n, 103n, 146n, 210, 227n, ii. 32n, 42, 46n; his death, i. 245n; reign, massacre at his funeral, 246, 250n, 334n Mangu-Temur (Mungultemur), ii. 491, 496, 497n Manjáník (Manjaniki), ii. 164n —— Kumghá, ii. 168n Manjaníkis (Mangonellers), ii. 168n. (_See_ Mangonels.) Manji, _see_ Manzi Manjushri, Bodhisatva, ii. 265n Manphul, Pandit, i. 154n, 156n, 160n, 162n, 163n Mansur Shah, i. 25n Mantzé, Man-tzu, Mantszi, Aborigines, ii. 60n, 64n, 144n Manuel, Comnenus, Emperor, i. 82n Manufactures, Kúblái’s, i. 412, 415n Manuscripts of Polo’s Book, _81_ _seqq._, _90_ _seqq._ ii. 526n–552n Manzi (Facfur), king of, i. 36, ii. 145, 148; his flight, 146; his charity, 147, 207–208; his effeminacy, 147; his death, 148; his palace at Kinsay, 191–192, 206–207. (_See_ Faghfur.) —— (Mangi) province, _3_, ii. 10; White City of the Frontier, 33, 34n, 36, 49, 139, 141, 144n, 151, 176; entrance to, 142, 152; conquest of, 145–146, 148, 158, 178; character of the people, 181, 204; its nine kingdoms, 1200 cities and squares, 190, 213; its bamboos, 219; no sheep in, 219; dialects, 236, 243n; called Chin, 264, 265n; ships and merchants in India, 386, 390, 391n —— queen of, surrenders, ii. 146, 150n; her report of Kinsay, 185 Map, constructed on Polo’s data, _109_, _110_; Hereford, _127_; Roger Bacon’s, _132_; Marino Sanudo’s, _133_; Medicean, _134_; Catalan, _135_, _136_; Fra Mauro’s, _135_; Ruysch’s, _135_; Mercator’s, _137_; Sanson’s, _137_ Mapillas, or Moplahs, ii. 372n, 380n Maps, allusions to, in Polo’s book, ii. 245n, 312, 424; early mediæval, _132_; of the Arabs, _132_; in the palace at Venice, _110_ Marabia, Maravia, Maravi, ii. 386n–387n Marah Silu, ii. 294n Mâramangalam, site of Kolkhoi, ii, 373n Marash, i. 23n Maratha, ii. 426n Mardin (Merdin), i. 60, 62n Mare’s milk, _see_ Kumiz Margaritone, i. 22n Marignolli, John, ii. 23n, 144n, 180n, 193n, 194n, 213n, 239n, 321n, 356n, 358n Market days, i. 154n, ii. 106, 107n Markets in Kinsay, ii. 201, 202 —— Squares in Kinsay, ii. 201, 210n, 213n Marks of Silver, i. 83, ii. 394, 591n Marriage customs in Khotan, i. 191, 193n —— customs in Kanchau, i. 220, 223n —— customs of the Tartars, 252—253, 256n —— (posthumous) amongst Tartars, 267, 268n —— laxities of different peoples, i. 191, 193n —— laxities in Thibet, ii. 44, 48n, 53–54, 56n, 66, 76n Mar Sarghis, ii. 157n, 177 Marsden’s edition of Polo, _115_ and _passim_ Martin, Dr. Ernest, of French Legation at Pekin, ii. 93n Martini, ii. 5n, 15n, 29n, 32n, 35n, 137n, 211n, 228n, 229n, 237n; his _Atlas Sinensis_, i. 42n, ii. 69n; his account of Kinsay, ii. 214n and _passim_ Martyrs, Franciscan, ii. 396n _Masálak-al-Absár_, i. 5n, 86n, ii. 214, 348n Masa’úd, Prince of Hormuz, i. 120n, 121n Mashhad (Meshed), or Varsach River, i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n Mashiz, i. 92n Maskat, ii. 451n Mastiff Dogs, Keepers of the, i. 400, 401n Mastiffs of Tibet, _see_ Dogs Mastodon, bogged, ii. 290n Mas’ud II., Ghiath ed-din-Seljuk dynasty, i. 44n Mas’udi, i. 53n, 59n, 62n, 82n, 99n Masulipatam, ii. 363n Matchlocks, manufacture at Kerman, i. 90; at Taianfu, ii. 15n Ma-t’eu (Matu), ii. 139n Mati Dhivaja, _see_ Bashpah Lama Matitánana, ii. 414n Matityna (Martinique), ii. 405n Mätzner, Eduard, ii. 601n Maundevile, Sir John (John a Beard), on lying in water, i. 119n, ii. 604n; Cloths of Tartary, 295n; Trees of the Sun, 130n; Dry Tree, 131n; his Book of Travels, ii. 598n, 605n; English version, 601n; his tomb, 604n Maung Maorong, or Pong, Shan kingdom, ii. 79n, 113n Mauro, Fra, his map, i. 6, 133, ii. 128n Mausul (Mosul), kingdom of, i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n _Mauvenu_ (Malvennez), the phrase, ii. 21n, 473n Mayers, W. F., ii. 150n, 596n Mayhew, A. L., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n Mázanderán, province, i. 59n _Mecchino_, Ginger, ii. 381n Medressehs at Sivas, i. 45n Mekhitar, i. 45n Mekong River (Lan-tsang kiang), ii. 88n, 128n, 278n Mekrán, often reckoned part of India, ii. 402n, 403n, 405n Mekranis, i. 106n Melchior, one of the Magi, i. 78, 82n Melibar, _see_ Malabar Melic, the title, ii. 449, 450, 470n Melons, dried, of Shibrgán, i. 149, 150n Menangkabau, ii. 286n, 301n Mendoza, i. 8n Menezes, Duarte, ii. 358n Mengki, envoy to Java, ii. 75n Menjar (Májar?), ii. 490, 491n Menuvair and Grosvair, ii. 483n Merghuz Boirúk Khan, ii. 19n Merkit (Mecrit, Mescript), a Tartar tribe, i. 236n, 269, 271n Meshid (more correctly Mashhad), i. 150n, 155n, 156n, 193n Messengers, Royal Mongol, i. 36n Mexico, ii. 405n Meyer, Paul, _Alexandre le Grand_, i. 56n Miafaraḳain, i. 68n Miau-tzu, ii. 82n Mien, Amien, Ava (Burma), king of, his battle with Tartars, ii. 98n; City of, 99n, 109; its gold and silver towers, 110; how it was conquered, 110, 111n; communications and war with Mongols, 104; Chinese notices, 104n Mikado, ii. 262 Military engines of the Middle Ages, dissertation on, ii. 161n; two classes, 161n; _Trébuchets_, 161n, 163n, 164n; Balista, 161n; shot used, carrion, live men, bags of gold, 163n; _Mangonel_, 163n, 169n; Napoleon’s experiments with heavy shot, 164n, 165n; size and accuracy, 165n; length of range (Sanudo on), 166n; effect of Mangonel on Saracens, 166n; procured by Kúblái for siege of Siang-yang, 167n; Chinese and Persian histories on, 167n–169n; known to Mongols and Chinese, 168n; the _Karabugha_, or _Calabra_, 168n; the _P’ao_, 169n Milk, portable, or curd, i. 262, 265n Milk, rite of sprinkling Mare’s, i. 300, 309n, 411 Million, use of the numeral, _67_, ii. 215, 217n Millione, Millioni, nickname for Polo and his book, _6_, _54_, _119_, ii. 217n Millioni, Corte del, _4_ Milne, ii. 222n Minao district, i. 110n, 114n Mines and Minerals, _see_ Iron, Silver, etc. Minever, _see_ Menuvair Ming, the Chinese dynasty which ousted the Mongols, A.D. 1368, i. 29n, ii. 15n, 238n; their changes in Peking, i. 342n; their paper-money, 427n; their effeminate customs, ii. 20; expeditions to India, 392n; annals, 413n, 439n, 445n Mingan, Khan’s Master of Hounds, i. 400 Ming-ti, Emperor i. 347n Minján, dialect of, i. 160n Minotto, Professor A. S., _6_, ii. 511n Min River (in Fokien), ii. 228n, 230n, 233n, 234n —— River (in Sze-ch’wan), ii. 40n, 70n, 130n Mint, the Khan’s, i. 423 Mintsing-hien, ii. 230n Mious River, ii. 488n Miracle Stories, fish in Lent, i. 52–57n; Mountain moved, 68–73; St. Barsamo’s girdles, 77; Holy Fire, 80; Stone at Samarkand, 185; at St. Thomas’ Shrine, ii. 354, 356n, 358n Mírat, ii. 426n _Mire_, French for leech, i. 81n Mirkhond, ii. 180n Mirobolans, ii. 388n _Misḳál_, a weight, i. 353n, ii. 41n, 217n, 592n. (_See_ also Saggio.) _Misri_, sugar-candy, ii. 230n Missionary Friars, powers conferred on, i. 22, 23n; in China in 14th century, _140_, ii. 154n, 237n, 240n —— Martyrs, i. 312n, ii. 396n Moa of New Zealand, ii. 417n, 418n Modhafferians, the, i. 86n Modun Khotan (“Wood-ville”), i. 408n Moghistan, i. 110n Mohammed, son of Yusuf Kelefi, founder of Shíráz, i. 85n Mohammerah, ii. 444n Mohiuddin, i. 24n Mokli, the Jelair, ii. 462n Molayu, ii. 283n Molebar, _see_ Malabar Molephatan, ii. 426n Molière, _Pastorale Comique_, i. 341n Moluccas, ii. 265n Mombasa, ii. 424n Momein, ii. 57n, 80n, 81n Monasteries of Idolaters (Buddhists), i. 167, 219, 286n, 303, 319n, ii. 171, 174n, 175, 176n, 213n Money, paper, i. 423–425, 426n–430n —— values, i. 426n, ii. 590n–592n Mongol conquests, _9_, _10_; capture Soldaia, i. 4n; Bolghar, 7n, 8n; treachery and cruelty, 61n, 151n, 265n, ii. 181n; their inroads, i. 105n; Balkh city, 151n; invade Balakhshán, 161n; invasion of Poland and Silesia, ii. 493n Mongon Khan, _see_ Mangu Mongotay (Mangkutai), a Mongol officer, ii. 136, 138n Monkeys, ii. 285, 382, 431; passed off as pygmies, 285, 383n–385n Monks, idolatrous, i. 303. (_See_ Monasteries.) Monnier, Marcel, his visit to Karakorum, i. 230n; on the Ch’êng-tu Suspension Bridge, ii. 41n Monoceros and Maiden, legend of, ii. 285, 291n Monophysitism, i. 61n Monsoons, _23_, ii. 264–265 Montecorvino, John, Archbishop of Cambaluc, i. 117n, 287n, 289n, 346n, ii. 180n Monte d’Ely, ii. 386n, 387n Montgomerie, Major T. G. (R.E.) (Indian Survey), on fire at great altitudes, i. 178n; position of Kashgar and Yarkund, 182n Monument at Si-ngan fu, Christian, ii. 27n, 28n Moon, Mountains of the, ii. 415n, 420n, 421n Moore, _Light of the Harem_, i. 115n Moplahs, _see_ Mapillas Morgan, E. Delmar, i. 176n, 198n, 207n Mortagne, siege of, ii. 165n _Morus alba_, silk-worm tree, ii. 25n Moscow, Tartar Massacre at, ii. 493n Mosolin, or Muslin (Mosolini), _Mo-sze_, Arab Mauçili, i. 60, 62n, ii. 363n, 408n Mossos, a tribe, ii. 60n, 63n Mosta’sim Billah, last Abbaside Khalif of Baghdad, story of his avarice and death, i. 63–64, 67n _Mostocotto_, i. 87n Mosul (Mausul), i. 46, 60, 61n, 62n Motapallé, _see_ Mutfili Motawakkil, Khalif, i. 131n Moule, Bishop G. E., ii. 194n–198n, 209n–213n, 215n Mount, Green, in Palace grounds at Peking, i. 365, 370n, 372n —— St. Thomas, ii. 356n, 358n —— D’Ely, _see_ Monte d’Ely Mountain, Old Man of the, _see_ Old Man of the —— Miracle of the, i. 68–73 —— Road in Shensi, extraordinary, ii. 32n Mourning customs, at Hormuz, i. 109; in Tangut, 204; at Kinsay, ii. 191 Mozambique Channel, ii. 415n Muang, term applied in Shan countries (Laos and W. Yunnan) to fortified towns, as:— Muang-Chi, ii. 67n Muang, or Maung Maorong, ii. 79n, 113n Muang Shung, ii. 120n Muang Yong, ii. 57n, 117n, 128n Muláhidah (Mulehet, Alamút, Chinese Mulahi), epithet of Ismaelites, i. 139, 141n, 142n, 146n Mulberry Trees, i. 423, ii. 13, 24 Mul-Java, ii. 349n Müller, F. W. K., ii. 89n Müller, Professor Max, i. 65n; on _Couvade_, ii. 93n; on stories of Buddha and St. Josafat, 323n, 325n, 326n, 328n Multan, ii. 426n Múnál pheasant (_Lophophorus impeyanus_), described by Ælian, i. 280n Mung (_Nicaea_), i. 104n Mungasht, hill fort, stronghold of the Atabegs, i. 85n Mungul, name applied to Tartars, i. 285. (_See_ Mongol.) Mungul-Temur and Mongo-Temur, see Mangu-Temur Murad Beg, of Kunduz, i. 156n, 161n, 163n Murghab River, i. 172n, 175n Murray, Dr. J. A. H., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n —— Hugh, ii. 133n, 141n, 175n, 208n, 212n, 486n Murus Ussu (Brius, Upper Kiang), ii. 67n Mus, Merdin (Mush, Mardin), i. 60, 62n Musk, animal (Moschus), i. 275, 279n, 364, ii. 34, 35n, 45, 54 —— earliest mention of and use in medicine, i. 279n Muslin, _see_ Mosolin Mutfili (Motapallé for Telingana), ii. 359, 362n, 403n, 424; its diamonds, 360–361, 362n; identified, 362n Muza, ii. 408n Mynibar, ii. 426n Mysore, ii. 427n Mystic number, _see_ Numbers

Nac, Nasich, Naques (Nakh), a kind of brocade, i. 63, 65n, 285, 295n _Nachetti_, silk stuff interwoven with gold, i. 65n _Nakhut_, gold brocade, i. 65n Nakkára (Naccara, Nacaires), the great kettledrum signalling action, i. 338, 339n–341n, ii. 461 Nákshatra, ii. 368n Nalanda, i. 306n Nan-Chao, formerly Ai-Lao, Shan dynasty in Yun-nan, ii. 73n, 79n Nancouri, ii. 308n Nanghin (Ngan-king), ii. 154, 157, 171n Nangiass, Mongol name of Manzi, ii. 144n Nankau, archway in Pass of, with polyglot inscription, i. 28n Nanking, not named by Polo, ii. 158n Nanwuli, ii. 301n Naobanján, i. 85n Naoshirwan, i. 53n Naphtha in the Caucasian country, i. 46, 49 —— Fire used in war by the Karaunahs, i. 101n Napier, Sir C., i. 147n Napoleon III., his researches and experiments on mediæval engines of war, ii. 164n, 165n Narikela-Dvipa, ii. 307n Narin-Kaleh, fortress, i. 53n Narkandam, volcanic island, ii. 312n Narsinga, King of, ii. 347n Narwhal tusk, mediæval Unicorn’s Horn, ii. 291n Nasich, _see_ Nac Nasruddin (Nescradin), officer in the Mongol Service, ii. 101, 104n, 111n, 114n Nassir-uddin, Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi, _12_ Natigay, Tartar idol, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479 Nava-Khanda, or Nine Divisions of Ancient India, i. 104n Navapa (Lop?), i. 197n Naversa (ancient Anazarbus), in Cilicia, under Taurus, i. 58n Nayan, Kúblái’s kinsman, his revolt, i. 333, 334n; Kúblái marches against, 335; routed in battle, 337; put to death by Kúblái, 343 Nearchus at Hormuz, i. 114n Nebila and Mangla islands, ii. 405n Nebuchadnezzar, i. 52n Necklaces, precious, ii. 338, 346n Necuveran, _see_ Nicobar Negapatam, Chinese Pagoda at, ii. 336n Negroes described, ii. 422 Negropont, i. 18, 19n, 36 Nellore, ii. 333n Nemej, Niemicz (“Dumb”), applied to Germans by Slavs, ii. 493n Nerghi, Plain of, ii. 499 _Neri_ (pigs), ii. 210n Nescradin, _see_ Nasruddin _Nesnás_ (a goblin), i. 202n Nestorian Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n; Tauris, 75, 77n; Kashgar, 182; Samarkand, 182, 186n; Yarkand, 187; Tangut, 203, 207n; Kamul, 211n; Chingintalas, 212; Sukchur, 217; Kampichu, Kan-chau, 219; their diffusion in Asia, 237n; among the Mongols, 241, 243n; Erguiul and Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 284, 285, 287n; China, 291n; Yachi, or Yun-nan fu, ii. 66, 74n; Cacanfu, 132; Yang-chau, 154n; one in Polo’s suite, 159; churches at Chinghianfu, 177; church at Kinsay, 192; at St. Thomas, 358n; Patriarch of, 377n, 407; Metropolitan, 377n, 409n Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, i. 61n Nevergún Pass, i. 112n New Year Festival at Kúblái’s Court, i. 390 Neza Tash Pass, i. 172n Ngan-king (Nanghin), ii. 154, 157, 171n Ngan-ning-ho River, ii. 69n Ngantung, Mongol general, ii. 462n Ngo-ning, or Ho-nhi, ii. 120n, 121n Nia (ancient Ni-jang), in Khotan, i. 195n Nias Island, ii. 298n Nibong Palm, ii. 305n Nicaea of Alexander, i. 105n Nicholson, Edward B., ii. 604n Nicobar (Necuveran) Islands, ii. 306, 307n, 315n; etymology and people, 308n Nicolas of Pistoia, ii. 356n Nicolas, Christian name of Ahmad Sultan, ii. 468n —— Friar, of Vicenza, i. 22 Nicolas IV., Pope, ii. 474n Nieuhoff, ii. 139n, 141n Nigudar (Nogodar), Mongol princes, i. 98, 102n Nigudarian bands, i. 98, 102n, 121n, 164n Nilawár (Nellore), ii. 333n Nile, sources of, ii. 415n, 438, 439n Nileshwaram, ii. 388n _Nímchah Musulmán_, “Half-and-Halfs,” i. 155n Nine, auspicious number among Tartars, i. 390, 392n Nine Provinces (India), i. 104n; (China), ii. 190, 199n Ning-hsia, or hia (Egrigaia), i. 282n, ii. 23n Ningpo, ii. 224n Ning-yuan fu, ii. 69n, 70n Niriz, steel mines of, i. 86n, 92n Nirvana, figures of Buddha in, i. 221n Nishapúr, i. 150n Niuché (Yuché), Chinese name for the Churchés or race of Kin Empire, _12_, i. 28n, 231n Noah’s Ark in Armenia, i. 46, 49n Nobles of Venice, _14_; Polo’s claim to be one, _ib._ Nochdarizari, mountains north of Kabul, i. 102n Nogai Khan, ii. 496; his intrigues and wars, 496–497; his history, 497n; wars with Toctai, 498 Nogodar (Nigudar), King of the Caraonas, story of, i. 98 Nomad tribes of Persia, i. 87n Nomogan (Numughan), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 460, 462n None, _Nona_, _Nuna_, title given to younger brothers or subordinate princes, i. 171, 173n North, regions of the Far, ii. 479 North Star, _see_ Pole-Star Note Book, Polo’s, ii. 193n Novgorod, ii. 489n Nubia, St. Thomas in, ii. 355; alleged use of elephants in, 434n Nukdaris, tribe west of Kabul, i. 102n Nuksán Pass, i. 165n Numbers, mystic or auspicious, ii. 108n, 347n; Nine, i. 390, 392n; one hundred and eight, ii. 347n _Nuna_, _see_ None Nusi-Ibrahim, ii. 414n Nutmegs, ii. 272, 309n Nyuché, or Churché, race of Kin Emperors, _see_ Niuché.

Oak of Hebron, _see_ Terebinth Oaracta (Kishm, or Brakht), i. 115n Obedience of Ismaelites, extraordinary, i. 144n Obi River, ii. 481n, 484n Observatory at Peking, i. 378n, 449n Ocean Sea, i. 107, 270, ii. 3, 22, 36, 56, 146, 153, 189, 237n, 251, 487; other seas, parts of, 265 Ocoloro Island, ii. 406n Odoric, Friar, _117_, i. 49n, 59n, 76n, 81n, 89n, 110n, 117n, 202n, 288n, 314n, 370n, 375n, 384n, 385n, 426n, 437n, 441n, ii. 237n, 599n, 602n, 604n; on Kinsay, 212n; on Fuchau, 232n; Zayton, 237n; Java, 263n, 275n; Champa, 271n; Sumatra, 294n, 297n; on sago tree, 304n; on products of Ceylon, 315n; St. Thomas’s, 358n; Pepper Forest, 377n; brazil-wood, 380n; Thána, 396n Oger, the Dane, i. 131n Ogotai Khan, _see_ Okkodai Oil from the Holy Sepulchre, i. 14, 19, 26; fountain of (Naphtha) at Baku, 46, 49n; whale, 108, 117n —— head (Capidoglio, or Sperm whale), ii. 411, 414n —— walnut and Sesamé, i. 158, 162n Oirad, or Uirad (Horiad), a great Tartar tribe, i. 300, 308n Okkodai Khan, third son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 65n, 206n, 227n, 228n, 236n, 247n, 437n Olak, Illuk, Aulak, _see_ Lac Old Man of the Mountain (Aloadin), _124_, _127_, i. 139–146; his envoys to St. Lewis, 47n; account of, 139; how he trained his Assassins, 142; the Syrian, 144; his subordinate chiefs, 143, 145n; his end, 145; modern representative, 147n Oljaitu Khan, his correspondence with European princes, i. 14n, 36n, 362n; his tomb, ii. 478n Oman, ii. 348n, 452n Omens, much regarded in Maabar, ii. 344, 351n; by the Brahmans, 364, 368n, 369n Onan Kerule, near Baikal, i. 236n Ondanique (fine kind of steel), Andaine, Andanicum, Hundwáníy, i. 90, 93n, 125n; in Kerman, 90; Chingintalas, 212, 215n Oppert, Dr. Gustavus, Book on Prester John, _Der Presbyter Johannes in Sage and Geschichte_, i. 231n–233n, 235n, 236n, 245n, 288n Orang Gugu, ii. 301n Orang Malayu River, ii. 281n _Or Batuz_, i. 388n Orbelian, John, identified by Bruun with Prester John, i. 233n–235n Ordos, the Mongols of, i. 249n Organa (Jerún), Persian Gerún, i. 115n Oriental phrases in Polo’s dictation, _84_ Orissa, ii. 426n Orkhon River, i. 227n Orléans, defence of, ii. 165n —— Isle d’, 277n _Orloks_, or Marshals of the Mongol Host, i. 263, ii. 462n Oroech, ii. 487, 489n _Oron_, Mongol for a region or realm, i. 104n _Orphani_, strange customs of the, ii. 298n _Osci_, the word, ii. 350n Ostriches, ii. 431, 437n Ostyaks, ii. 484n Otto, Bishop of Freisingen, i. 233n, 234n Oulatay (Uladai), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n _Ovis Poli_, _see_ Sheep _Oweke_, _see_ Ucaca Owen, Professor, ii. 417n Owen, Rev. Gray, on the Lolos, ii. 69n _Owo_, Mongol for Musk, i. 279n Oxen, humped, in Kerman, i. 97, 99n; wild, shaggy (Yaks), 274, 277n —— wild (_Beyamini_), in East Tibet, ii. 50; Burma, 111, 114n; in Bengal, 115, 116n; Anin, 119; worshipped, 341, 365, 370n; figures of, worn, 365, 370n Oxenham, _Atlas_, i. 433n, ii. 12n, 14n, 67n, 157n Oxydracae, the, i. 93n _Oxyrhynchus_, ii. 434n Oxus Valley and River, i. 152n, 161n, 172n, 173n, ii. 594n _Ozene_, ii. 397n

Pacamuria (Baccanor), ii. 386n Pacauta! (an invocation), ii. 338, 346n Pacem, _see_ Pasei Paddle-wheel barges, ii. 211n Paderin, Mr., visits Karákorum, i. 228n Pádishah Khátún of Kerman, i. 91n Padma Sambhava, i. 164n Pagán (in Burma), ii. 100n, 107n, 109n, 113n, 114n; ruins at, _13_; empire of, ii. 279n —— Old (Tagaung), ii. 107n, 113n Pagaroyang, inscriptions from, ii. 286n Paggi Islands, ii. 298n Pagodas, Burmese, ii. 110, 114n; alleged Chinese in India, 336n–337n, 391n Pahang, ii. 279n Paï, or Peyih tribe, ii. 60n, 120n Paipurth (Baiburt), i. 46, 49n Pai-yen-ching, ii. 58n _Paizah_, or Golden Tablet of Honour, i. 352n, 353n —— and _Yarligh_, i. 322n, 352n Pakwiha, China ware, ii. 243n _Pala_, a bird, ii. 351n Palace of Khan at Chagannor, i. 296; at Chandu (Shangtu), 298; of cane, 299; at Langtin, 306; Cambaluc, 362; on Green Mount, 370; at Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 29n; of the Empire of Manzi at Kinsay, 191, 192, 206, 212n; in Chipangu, paved and roofed with gold, 253, 256n, 275n Palembang, ii. 281n, 283n _Paliolle_, _Or de_, for gold dust, ii. 52n Palladius, the Archimandrite, i. 187n, 198n, 215n, 225n, 227n, 248n, 251n, 256n, 270n, 276n, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 291n, 304n, 306n, 308n, 310n, 319n, 327n, 334n, 336n, 344n–347n, 358n, 389n, 397n, 402n, 407n, 408n, 430n, 456n, 461n, ii. 178n Palm (Measure), ii. 592n Palm Wine, _see_ Wine of Palm Pamier (Pamir), Plain of, i. 171; its wild sheep, 171, 176n; great height, 174n; pasture, etc., 174n, 175n; described by Hiuen Tsang, Wood, Goës, Abdul Mejid, Colonel Gordon and others, 174n–176n; Dr. M. A. Stein on, ii. 593n–594n; Lord Curzon on number of, 594n Pan-Asiatic usages, i. 324n, 326n, ii. 359n Pandarani, or Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n Pandit Manphul, i. 162n, 163n, 173n, 154n–156n, 160n, 161n, 422n, 438n Pandrethan in Kashmir, Buddhist temple at, i. 167 Pandyan kings, ii. 333n–335n, 373n–374n Panja River, or Upper Oxus, i. 170, 172n–174n Panjáb, i. 104n Panjkora, i. 104n Panjshir, i. 162n, 165n, ii. 488n Pantaleon, coins of, i. 163n Panthé, or Mahomedan Kingdom in Yun-nan, ii. 80n Panya (or Pengya), in Burma, ii. 113n Pao-ki h’ien, ii. 32n, 34n Paonano Pao, i. 173n, ii. 593n Papé, Papesifu, ii. 117n, 128n Paper-money (Chao), Kúblái’s made from bark, i. 423–425, 426n–430n; modern, 428n. (_See_ also Currency.) Papien River, ii. 128n Paquier, Professor, i. 172n, 183n Paradise, Apples of, i. 97, 99n —— in legend of the Cross, 136n —— of Persia, 114n —— of the Old Man of the Mountain, i. 140, 142; destroyed, 145 —— Rivers of, 9n Parákráma Bahu I., ii. 334n Paramisura, founder of Malacca, ii. 282n _Parapomisadae_, ii. 402n _Parasol_, i. 354n Paravas, ii. 372n Parez, Pariz, turquoise mines of, i. 92n —— falcons of, 96n Pariahs (_Paraiyar_), ii. 228n; etymology of, ii. 349n Parker, E. H., i. 263n, 291n, 312n, 345n, 360n, 381n, 433n, ii. 60n, 74n, 88n, 104n, 148n, 151n, 169n, 207n; on Pasei, 296n Parlák, or Perlak, _see_ Ferlec —— Tanjong, ii. 287n Parliament, Tartar, ii. 495 Parpa iron mines, i. 93n Parrot, Professor, first to ascend Mount Ararat, i. 49n Parrots, ii. 376, 431 Partridges, i. 88; black, 99n; Jirufti, 111n; great (Chakors), 296, 297n; in mew, 298n. (_See_ also Francolin.) Parwana, a traitor eaten by the Tartars, i. 312n Paryán silver mines, i. 162n Pascal of Vittoria, Friar, i. 9n Pasei, Pacem (Basma), a kingdom of Sumatra, ii. 284–285, 288n–289n, 292, 296n, 305n —— Bay of, 296n —— History of, 288n–289n Pasha-Afroz, i. 165n Pasha and Pashagar tribes, i. 165n Pashai, i. 164; what region intended, 164, 165n —— Dir, i. 98, 104n Passo (or Pace), Venetian, ii. 280, 281n, 592n Patarins, heretics, _108_, i. 303, 321n, ii. 342n _Patera_, debased Greek, from Badakhshan, i. 159, 160n Patlam, ii. 337n _Patra_, or Alms-dish of Buddha, ii. 320, 328n; miraculous properties, 330n; Holy Grail of Buddhism, 330n Patriarchs of Eastern Christians, i. 60, 61n, ii. 407, 409n. (_See_ also Catholicos and Nestorian.) Patteik-Kará, ii. 99n, 100n Patterns, beast and bird, on silk, etc., i. 66n, 90, 95, 96n, 398n, ii. 424n Patu, _see_ Batu Paukin (Pao-ying), ii. 152 Pauthier, G., remarks on text of Polo, _92_ _seqq._, _et passim_ Paved roads in China, ii. 189, 198n —— streets of Kinsay, ii. 189 Payan, _see_ Bayan Payangadi, ii. 387n Pa-yi writing, specimen of, ii. 65n Peaches, yellow and white (apricots), ii. 202, 210 Peacocks at St. Thomas’s, ii. 355; special kind in Coilum, ii. 376 Pearls, i. 60, 107, 350, 387, 390, 394, 424, ii. 338, 373n; in Caindu, 53, 56n, 231, 235; rose-coloured in Chipangu, 254, 257n; fishery of, 331, 332, 337n, 344, 372n; pearls and precious stones of kingdom of Maabar, 338, 364, 368n Pears, enormous, ii. 202, 210n Pedir, ii. 289n Pedro, Prince of Portugal, _110_, _135_ Pegu and Bengal confounded, ii. 99n, 115n, 128n Pei-chau (Piju), ii. 141 Pein (Pim), province, i. 191, 192n; site of, ii. 595n Peking, white pagoda at, ii. 347n. (_See_ Cambaluc.) Pelly, Col. Sir Lewis, British Resident at Bushire, i. 85n, 86n, 110n, 114n, 117n Pema-ching, ii. 35n Pemberton, Captain R., ii. 79n Pentam (Bintang), ii. 280n, 284 Pepper, daily consumption of, at Kinsay, ii. 204; change in Chinese use of, 210n; great importation at Zayton, duty on, 235, 242n; white and black, 264, 272; in Coilum, 375; Eli and Cananore, 385, 388n; Melibar, 389; Guzerat, 393, 394n; trade in, to Alexandria, 235, 389, 438 Pepper Country, ii. 377n Peregrine falcons, i. 269, ii. 487 Perla (Ferlec), ii. 287n Persia, extent of name to Bokhara, i. 10n; spoken of, 75, 78; three Magi of 78; its eight kingdoms, 83 Persia and India, boundary of, ii. 402n Persian applied to language of foreigners at Mongol Court, i. 380n, ii. 5n Persian Gulf (Sea of India?), i. 63, 64n Pesháwar, ii. 330n Peter, Tartar slave of Marco Polo’s, _72_ Pharaoh’s rats (Gerboa), i. 252, 254n, ii. 480, 517n Phayre, Major-General Sir Arthur, ii. 100n, 105n, 113n, 114n Pheasants, large and long tailed, i. 275, ii. 22, 153; Reeves’s, i. 280n Pheng (the Rukh), ii. 421n Philip the Fair, i. 14n, 87n Philip III. and IV. of France, i. 87n Philippine Islands, ii. 265n, 266n Phillips, G., ii. 220n–222n, 224n, 228n, 230n, 232n, 233n, 238n, 239n, 240n–241n, 278n, 279n, 296n, 297n, 308n, 314n, 315n, 596n Phipps, Captain, ii. 373n Phra Râma, Siamese kings so-called, ii. 278n Phungan, Phungan-lu (Fungul?), ii. 127n, 129n Physician, a virtuous, i. 461n Physicians, ii. 203, 376 Pianfu (P’ing-yang fu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n _Piccoli_, ii. 66, 74n Pichalok, ii. 279n Pievtsov, General, i. 188n; expedition, 200n Pigeon posts, i. 438n Pig-shells, ii. 85 Piju (Pei-chau), ii. 141 Pilgrimage, to Adam’s Sepulchre in Ceylon, ii. 319; to Shrine of St. Thomas, 353 “Pillar Road,” ii. 32n Pima (Pim), i. 191, 192n Pinati, king of Kaulam, ii. 380n Pine woods in Mongolian desert, i. 224 —— in South China, ii. 251n P’ing-chang, Fanchán, or second class Minister, i. 432n P’ing-yang fu (Pianfu), ii. 13, 16n, 25n Pinna-Cael (Punnei-Káyal), ii. 372n Pipino, Friar Francesco, _66_, _81_, _95_, _103_, i. 19n, 22n, 23n, 144n, 156n, 395n, ii. 120n, 517n Pirabandi or Bir Pandi (Vira Pandi), ii. 333n–335n Pirada, ii. 305n Pirates of Malabar, ii. 389–390n; Guzerat 392; Tana, 395; Somnath, 400n; Socotra, 407, 410n Piratical customs at Eli, ii. 385, 390n Pistachioes, i. 97, 114n, 125n, 153, 155n Plane, Oriental or Chínár, i. 127, 128n, 131n, 135n, 138n Plano Carpini, _15_, _passim_ Pog, or Fiag River, i. 54n Poison, antidote to, ii. 79 Poisoning guests, custom of, ii. 84n Poisonous pasturage, i. 217, 218n Poison wind, i. 108, 120n Poland, Mongol invasion of, ii. 493n Pole, or Jackdaw on Polo’s scutcheon, _7_ Pole-star, invisible in Java the Less, ii. 284, 292; visible again in India, 382, 389, 392, 397 Police, of Cambaluc, i. 414; Kinsay, 187, 188 Politeness of Chinese, i. 457, 462n Polo, Andrea, grandfather of Marco, _8_, _14_, _26_ —— Antonio, illegitimate son of Elder Marco, _26_ —— Bellela, second daughter, _69_, _71_; died before 1333, _76_, ii. 506n —— Donata, wife of Traveller, _69_, _71_; sale of property to her husband, _30_, ii. 507, 512; death between 1333–1336, _76_; before Council, _77_; may have been Loredano, _69_, _77_, ii. 510n, 512n, 518n, 520n —— or Bragadino, Fantina, eldest daughter of Traveller, _69_, _71_, _76_, ii. 506n, 513n —— Felice, a cousin, _25_, _64_ —— Fiordelisa, wife of last, _25_, _65_ Polo, Fiordelisa, daughter of Maffeo the Younger, _17_, _64_ —— Maffeo, brother of Nicolo, _14_, _15_, _64_; in Kan-chau, i. 220; time of death between 1309 and 1318, _66_ —— Maffeo, brother of Traveller, _15_, _16_; probabilities as to birth, _17_, _18_, _25_; will of, _26_, ii. 510n; abstract from, _64–66_ —— Marco, the elder son of Andrea, Uncle of the Traveller, _14_; his will, _17_, _25_, _26_, i. 4, ii. 510n —— Marco, the Traveller, veracity, perplexities in his biography, _1_; Ramusio’s notices, extracts from, _2_ _seqq._; recognition of his names of places, paralleled with Columbus, _3_, _105_; nicknamed _Millioni_, _6_, _67_; story of his capture at Curzola, _6_; writes his book in prison at Genoa, _6_; release and marriage, _7_; arms, _7_; claim to nobility, _14_; supposed autograph, _ib._; his birth, circumstances of, _15_; is taken to East, _18_; employed by Kúblái, mentioned in Chinese Records, _21_, _see_ i. 420; mission to Yun-nan, _21_; governor of Yang-chau, _22_; employed at Kan-chau, Kara Korum, Champa and Indian Seas, _22_; returns home, _23–24_; mentioned in his Uncle Marco’s will, _25_; commands a galley at Curzola, _46_; taken prisoner and carried to Genoa, _48_; his imprisonment there, _52_; dictates his book to Rusticiano, _52_; release and return to Venice, _52_; evidence as to story of capture, _53–55_; dying vindication of his book, _54_; executor to his brother Maffeo, _64_; record of exemption from municipal penalty, _66_; gives copy of book to T. de Cepoy, _68_; marriage and daughters, _69_; lawsuit with Paulo Girardo, proceeding regarding house property, _70_; illness and last will, _70–74_; probable date of death, _74_; place of burial, _74_; professed portraits of, _75–76_; alleged wealth, _77_; estimate of him and of his book, _104_ _seqq._; true claims to glory, _106_; faint indications of personality, _107_; rare indications of humour, _108_; absence of scientific notions, _109_; geographical data in book, _109_; his acquisition of languages, ignorance of Chinese, deficiencies in Chinese notices, _110_; historical notices, _111_; allusions to Alexander, _113_; incredulity about his stories, _115_; contemporary recognition, _116_ _seqq._; by T. de Cepoy, Friar Pipino, _118_; J. d’Acqui, Giov. Villani, and P. d’Abano, _119_; notice by John of Ypres, _121_; borrowings in poem of Bauduin de Sebourc, _121_ _seqq._; Chaucer and, _128_; influence on geography, obstacles to its effect, _129_; character of mediæval cosmography, _130_; Roger Bacon as geographer, _131_; Arab maps, _132_; Marino Sanudo’s map, _133_; Medicean, _134_; Carta Catalana largely based on Polo’s, _134_; increased appreciation of Polo’s book, _135_; confusions of nomenclature, _136_; introduction of block-printing into Europe and Polo, _138–141_; dictates his narrative, i. 2; found at Venice, 18; his age, 19n, 22, 26; noticed and employed by Kúblái, 27; grows in favour, many missions, 30, 31; returns from one to India, 32; escapes from the Karaunas, 99, 106n; hears of breed of Bucephalus, 158; recovers from illness in hill climate, 159; hears from Zulficar about Salamander, 213; at Kan-chau, 220; brings home hair of yak, 274; and head and feet of musk deer, 275; witnesses events connected with Ahmad’s death, 420, 422n; noticed in Chinese annals, 422n; whether he had to do with Persian scheme of paper currency in 1294, 428n; sent by Khan into Western provinces, ii. 3; governor of Yang-chau, 154; probable extent of his authority, 157n; aids in constructing engines for siege of Siang-yang, 159 _seqq._; difficulties as to this statement, 167n _seqq._; on number of vessels on Great Kiang, 170; ignorant of Chinese, 183; on greatness of Kinsay, 185; his notes, 193n; sent to inspect amount of revenue from Kinsay, 216; his great experience, 236; never in islands of Sea of Chin, 265; in kingdom of Chamba, 268, 271n; historical anecdotes, 270n; detained five months in Sumatra, stockade party against wild people, 292; brings Brazil seed to Venice, 299; partakes of tree-flour (sago), 300; takes some to Venice, 305n; in six kingdoms of Sumatra, 300; witnesses arrest for debt in Maabar, 343; his erroneous view of Arabian coast, _110_, ii. 452n; Indian geography, 403n; his unequalled travels, 501; Venetian documents about him, 510n–521n —— Marco, called Marcolino, son of Nicolo the Younger, _65_, _77_, _78_, ii. 510n —— Marco, last male survivor, _8_, _78_, _79_, ii. 510n —— Marco, others of this name, _66_, _79_, _80_, ii. 508n, 509n —— Maroca, sister of Nicolo the Younger, _15_, _25_, i. 4n —— or Delfino, Moreta, youngest daughter, _69_, _71_, _76_, ii. 506n, 513n Polo, Nicolo and Maffeo, sons of Andrea, their first journey, _15_ _seqq._; cross Black Sea to Soldaia, i. 2; visit Volga country, etc., 4; go to Bokhara, 9; join envoys to Khan’s Court, 10; Kúblái’s reception of, 11; sent back as envoys to Pope, 13; receive a Golden Tablet, 15; reach Ayas, 16; Acre, 17; Venice, 18; find young Marco there, _ib._ —— Nicolo, Maffeo and Marco, proceed to Acre, i. 19; set out for East, recalled from Ayas, 20; set out again with Pope’s letters, etc., 22; reach Kúblái’s Court, 25; are welcomed, 26; _see_ on their journey outward, _19_; their alleged service in capture of Siang-yang, _22_, ii. 158, 159; Khan refuses them permission to return home, i. 32; allowed to go with ambassadors, 33; receive Golden Tablets, 34; on return _see_ also _23_, _24_; story of their arrival at Venice, _4_; scheme to assert their identity, _5_ —— Nicolo, his alleged second marriage and sons, _7_, _15_; probable truth as to time of, _17_; his illegitimate sons, _25_; approximate time of his death, _64_; his tomb, _7_, _74_ —— Nicolo the Younger, cousin of traveller, _15_, _25_, _65_, i. 4n —— Stefano and Giovannino, illegitimate brothers of Traveller, _25_, _30_, _65_ —— (?), or Trevisano(?), Fiordelisa, perhaps second wife of Nicolo Polo the Elder, and mother of Maffeo the Younger, _17_, _25_, _27_ —— or Trevisano, Maria, last survivor of the family, _8_, _78_, _79_; doubts as to her kindred, 79, ii. 510n —— Family, its duration and end, according to Ramusio, _7–8_; origin, _13_; last notices of, _76_ _seqq._ (For relationship of different Polos, _see_ table, ii. 506n.) —— Family, branch of S. Geremia, _14_, _66_, ii. 507n–509n _Po-lut_ (Pa-lut), _incense_, ii. 304n Polygamy, i. 220, 252, 276, ii. 371; supposed effect on population, i. 437n–438n, ii. 268, 339 _Pomilo_ (Pamir), i. 174n _Pompholyx_, i. 126n Ponent, or West, term applied by Polo to Kipchak, the Mongol Khanate of the Volga, _see_ Kipchak Pong (Mediæval Shan State), ii. 79n, 113n Poods, Russian, i. 162n Popinjays, i. 107 Population, vast, of Cathay, i. 437n–438n Porcelain manufacture, ii. 235, 242n; fragments found at Kayál, 373n; Chinese, 595n —— shells, _see_ Cowries Porcupines, i. 154, 156n Pork, mention of, omitted, ii. 210n _Postín_, sheep-skin coat, i. 153, 155n Posts, post-houses and runners, i. 433 _et seqq._, 438n; in Siberia, ii. 480 Po-sz’ (Persia), ii. 437n Potala at L’hasa, i. 319n Pottinger, i. 94n, 96n Poultry, kind of, in Coilum, ii. 376; in Abyssinia (guinea-fowl?), 431, 437n Pound, sterling, _71_, ii. 591n _Pourpre_, or _Purpura_, i. 66n, 389n P’o-yang Lake, ii. 243n Pozdneiev, Professor, i. 228n Precious stones or gems, _5_, i. 75, 76n, 107, 350, 390, 394, 424, ii. 202, 231, 235, 236, 254, 264, 313, 315n, 338, 361, 362n; how discovered by pirates, 392 Prester John (Unc Can, Aung or Ung Khan), i. 27n, 239; Tartar tribute to, 226; account of, 231n–237n; marriage relations with Chinghiz, 239; insults Chinghiz’ envoys, 239; “these be no soldiers,” 240; marches to meet Chinghiz, 241; real site of battle with Chinghiz, 242; his real fate, _ib._; slain in battle, 244; his lineage in Tenduc, 284, 288n; and the Golden King, ii. 17–22 Prices of horses, _see_ Horses Printing, imaginary connection of Polo’s name with introduction of _139_ _seqq._ Private names supposed, i. 361n Prjevalsky, Colonel N. M., i. 198n, 206n, 216n, 249n, 276n, 277n, ii. 23n, 29n, 61n Probation of Jogis, ii. 366; parallel, 370n Prophecy regarding Bayan, ii. 145, 149n _Proques_, the word, ii. 370n Prostitutes, at Cambaluc, i. 414; Kinsay, ii. 202–203 Provinces, thirty-four of Kúblái’s Empire, i. 430 Pseudo-Callisthenes, _113_, i. 56n, 57n Ptolemies’ trained African elephants, ii. 434n Ptolemy, _2_, _129_, _131_, i. 24n, 88n, 91n; Sarmatic Gates, i. 53n P’u-chau fu, ii. 25n, 26n Pu-ch’eng, ii. 224n Puer and Esmok, ii. 57n, 117n Pukan Mien-Wang, ii. 113n Pulad Chingsang, ii. 218n Pulisanghin, River and Bridge, _111_, _136_, ii. 3–4, 5n Pulo Bras, ii. 307n Pulo Condore (Sondur and Condur), ii. 276, 277n Pulo Gommes (Gauenispola), ii. 307n Pulo Nankai, or Nási, ii. 307n Pulo Wé, Wai, or Wey, ii. 307 Punnei-Káyal, ii. 372n Puránas, the, i. 58n _Purpura_, _see_ _Pourpre_ Putchok, ii. 397n Putu-ho, “Grape R.,” ii. 16n Pygmies, factitious(?), ii. 285

Qal’ah Asgher, hot springs at, i. 122n Qara Arslán Beg, king of Kermán, i. 92n Quails in India, ii. 345 Queen of Mutfili, ii. 360 Quicksilver and sulphur potion, ii. 365, 369n —— as regarded by alchemists, 369n Quills of the Ruc, _see_ Ruc Quilon, Kaulam, etc., _see_ Coilum Qumādin (Camadi), i. 113n

Rabelais, i. 100n Rabbanta, a Nestorian monk, i. 243n Radloff, Dr. W., i. 28n; map, 229n, 230n Ráin, i. 113n Rainald, of Dassel, Archbishop, i. 82n Rain-makers, _see_ Conjurers Rainy season, ii. 343, 351n Rajkot leather-work, ii. 395 Rakka, Rákshasas, ii. 298n, 308n, 312n Rama Kamheng, king, ii. 278n Rameshwaram, ii. 335n Ramnad, ii. 335n Rampart of Gog and Magog, i. 57n, 292n Ramusio, Giov. Battista, _passim_; his biographical notices of Polo, _2_ _et seqq._, _52_; his edition of Polo, _96–101_, ii. 208n, 212n, 374n Ráná Paramitá’s Woman Country, ii. 405n Ranking, John, i. 339n Raonano-Rao, i. 173n, ii. 593n Rapson, E. J., ii. 595n Ras Haili, ii. 386n —— Kumhări, ii. 383n Rashíduddín, _alias_ Fazl-ulla Rashid, Persian statesman and historian of the Mongols, _121_; frequently quoted in the Notes. Ravenala tree (_Urania speciosa_), ii. 421n, 597n Raw meat eaten, ii. 66, 76n, 85 Rawlinson, Sir H., i. 58n, 82n, 85n, 87n, 114n, 115n, 152n, 166n, 192n, 195n Reclus, _Asie russe_, i. 54n; on Caspian Sea fisheries, 59n Red gold and red Tangas, ii. 349n _Re Dor_, ii. 19n Red Sea, trade from India to Egypt by, ii. 438; described in some texts as a river, 439n; possible origin of mistake _93_ Red sect of Lamas, i. 315n, 319n Refraction, abnormal, ii. 419n _Reg Ruwán_, of Kabul, i. 202n —— of Seistán, i. 202n Reindeer ridden, i. 269, 271n Religion, indifference of Chinghizide Princes to, i. 14n, 349n, ii. 477n; occasional power of among Chinese, i. 460n _seqq._ Remission of taxation by Kúblái, i. 439 Rennell, Major James, ii. 402n Reobarles (Rúdbár, etc.), i. 97, 109, 111n, 114n Revenue of Kinsay, ii. 189, 190, 215 _et seqq._ Rhinoceros (Unicorn), in Sumatra, ii. 285, 290n; habits, 290n; four Asiatic species, 289n —— _Tichorinus_, ii. 419n Rhins, Dutreuil de, i. 190n, 192n, 276n Rhubarb, _Rheum palmatum_, i. 217, 218n, 279n, ii. 181, 183n Riant, Comte, ii. 593n Ricci, Matteo, i. 347n, 451n, 454n Rice, ii. 33, 56, 85, 115, 117, 123, 174, 202, 292, 300, 313, 342, 354, 360, 401, 404, 423, 431 Rice-wine, i. 441n; at Yachi, ii. 66 —— trade on Grand Canal, ii. 174 Richard II., i. 42n Richthofen, Baron F. von, i. 106n, 198n, 218n, 295n, ii. 14n–16n, 19n, 23n, 26n, 27n, 29n, 32n, 34n, 35n, 38n, 40n, 42n, 45n, 48n, 57n, 60n, 67n, 80n; on Fungul, 129n; on Tanpiju, 220n Right and Left, ministers of the, i. 432n Rio Marabia, ii. 387n _Rishis_ (Eremites) of Kashmir, i. 166, 169n “River of China,” ii. 222n, 243n Roads radiating from Cambaluc, i. 433 Robbers in Persia, i. 84, 87n, 98, 99, 101n Robbers’ River, i. 114n Robes distributed by Kúblái, i. 387, 388n, 394 Roborovsky, Lieutenant, i. 188n Rochefort, “faire la couvade,” ii. 94n Rockets, i. 342n Rockhill (_Rubruck_ and _Diary of a Journey_), i. 5n, 8n, 9n, 277n, 279n, 282n, 283n, 294n, 295n, 306n, 308n–310n, 312n, 319n, 321n, 324n, 325n, 353n, 354n, 384n, 385n, 389n, 393n, 429n, 437n, ii. 491n; on the titles Khan, Khatun, etc., _10_; on horn horse-shoes, i. 177n; earliest mention of name Mongol in Oriental works, 294n; Mongol storm-dispellers, 310n; charge of cannibalism against Tibetans, 312n; on Bönbo Lamas, 325n; Tablets (_hu_), 354n; mechanical contrivances at E. Court, 385n; Mongol etiquette, 393n; Chinese leather-money, 429n; Mongol post-stations, 437n; pocket-spitoons, 462n; from Peking to Si-ngan fu, ii. 5n; descent of Yellow River, 23n; road between T’ung-kwan and Si-ngan fu, 27n; two famous Uigur Nestorians, 28n; on the word Salar, 29n; on the Hui-hui sects, 30n; on the Alans, 180n; on branch of Volga Bulgars, 489n Rofia palm _(sagus ruffia_), ii. 597n _Roiaus dereusse_(?), ii. 395n Rome, the Sudarium at, i. 213 _Rondes_, ingenious but futile explanation of, i. 410n _Rook_, in Chess, ii. 419n Rori-Bakkar, Sepoy name for Upper Sind, i. 86n Rosaries, Hindu, ii. 338, 347n Rostof and Susdal, Andrew, Grand Duke of, i. 7n Roth, H. Ling, on _couvade_, ii. 596n Rouble, ii. 488n Roxana, daughter of Darius, wife of Alexander, i. 151, 152n, 157 Roze de l’Açur, i. 370n Rubies, Balas, _5_, i. 157, 161n; of Ceylon, ii. 313, 315n; of Adam’s Peak, 316n Rubruquis, or Rubruc, Friar William de, _15_, _104_, _132_, i. 57n, 65n, 227n, 230n, 239n, 242n, 253n, 264n, 278n, 308n, 309n, 354n, 384n, 385n, 389n, 426n, 437n Ruby mines in Badakhshan, i. 161n Ruc (Rukh), or Gryphon, bird called, described, ii. 412–413; its feathers and quills, 413, 420n, 596n–598n; wide diffusion and various forms of fable, 415n; eggs of the Aepyornis, 416n; Fra Mauro’s story, 417n; genus of that bird, condor, 417n, 420n; discovery of bones of _Harpagornis_ in New Zealand, 418n; Sindbad, Rabbi Benjamin, romance of Duke Ernest, 418n; Ibn Batuta’s sight of Ruc, 419n; rook in chess, 419n; various notices of, 420n–421n Rúdbár-i-Laṣṣ, Robbers’ River, i. 114n —— (Reobarles), district and River, i. 97, 109, 111n, 114n Rudder, single, noted by Polo as peculiar, i. 108; double, used in Mediterranean, 117n Rúdkhánah-i-Duzdi (Robbers’ River), i. 114n Rúdkhánah-i-Shor (Salt River), i. 111n Rudra Deva, King of Telingana, ii. 362n Rudrama Devi, Queen of Telingana, ii. 362n Rukh, Shah, i. 86n, 191n, 211n, 218n, 392n, 396n Ruknuddin, Mahmud, Prince of Hormuz, i. 120n —— Masa’úd, i. 120n —— Khurshah, son of Alaodin, Prince of the Ismaelites, i. 146n Rúm, i. 44n Runiz, i. 86n Ruomedam-Ahomet, King of Hormuz, i. 110, 121n Rupen, Bagratid, founder of Armenian State in Cilicia, i. 42n Rupert, Prince, ii. 486n Rüppell’s Table of Abyssinian kings, ii. 435n Russia (Rosia), annexes Georgia, i. 53n, ii. 486; great cold, Arab accounts of, 487; silver mines, 488n; subject to Tartars, 489n; conquered by Batu, 489n —— leather, i. 6n, 394, 395n; clothes of, 295n Russians, trusty lieges of king, ii. 348n Rusták, i. 173n Rusticiano of Pisa, introduces himself in prologue, i. 1, 141n, 263n; writes down Polo’s book, _52_, _55_ _seqq._, _84_, _112_; extracts and character of his compilation, _61_ _seqq._, _143_; his real name, _61_; his other writings, _89_ Ruysch’s map, _135_

Saadi, i. 85n Saba (Sava, Savah), city of the Magi, i. 78, 80, 81n Sabaste, _see_ Sivas Sable, its costliness, i. 405, 409n–410n, ii. 479, 481, 484, 486n, 487 Sabreddin, ii. 437n Sabzawur, i. 150n Sachiu (Sha-chau), i. 203, 206n Sacrifices of people of Tangut, i. 204 —— human, i. 208n, ii. 303n _Sadd-i-Iskandar_, rampart of Alexander, i. 53n, 54n, 57n Saffron, fruit-serving purposes of, ii. 225, 226n Sagacity of sledge-dogs, ii. 483n Sagamon Borcan, _see_ Sakya Muni Buddha Sagatu, general of Kúblái’s, ii. 267, 270n Saggio (⅙ oz.), i. 350, 353n, ii. 54, 57n, 76, 215, 216, 217n, 339, 347n, 592n Sago, ii. 300, 304n, 305n Saianfu, _see_ Siang-yang-fu Saif Arad, king of Abyssinia, ii. 437n Saifuddin Nazrat, ruler of Hormuz, i. 120n Saimur (Chaul), ii. 367n Sain Khan (or Batu), ii. 490, 491 St. Anno of Cologne, i. 130n St. Barlaam and St. Josafat, story of a Buddhist christianised, ii. 323n _seqq._ St. Barsauma (Barsamo, Brassamus), and monastery of, i. 77 St. Blasius (Blaise), Church at Sivas, i. 43, 45n St. Brandon, ii. 312n St. Buddha! ii. 325n _seqq._ St. Epiphanius, ii. 362n St. George, Church of, in Sivas, i. 45n; at Quilon, ii. 377n St. Helena, i. 58n St. James’ Shrine, Gallicia, ii. 319 St. John the Baptist, Church of, in Samarkand, i. 185 —— Major Oliver, i. 57n, 92n, 96n, 105n, 112n, 114n, 120n St. Leonard’s Convent in Georgia, and the fish miracle, i. 52, 58n St. Lewis, i. 27n, 47n, 67n, 87n; his campaign on the Nile, ii. 165n, 593n St. Martin, Vivien de, Map, i. 164n, 192n St. Mary’s Island, Madagascar, ii. 414n St. Matthew, Monastery near Mosul, i. 61n St. Matthew’s Gospel, story of the Magi, i. 82n St. Nina, i. 58n St. Sabba’s at Acre, _42_ St. Thomas, the Apostle, ii. 321n, 323n, 325n; his shrine in India, 341, 353, 355n; his murderers, and their hereditary curse, 350n; reverenced by Saracens and heathen, 353; miracles in India, 354, 356n; story of his death, 355, 357n; tradition of his preaching in India, 356n; translation of remains to Edessa, 357n; King Gondopharus of legend a real king, 357n; Roman Martyrology, 357n; the localities, 358n; alleged discovery of reliques, 358n _seqq._; the Cross, 358n; church ascribed to, 378n; in Abyssinia, 427 St. Thomas’s Isle, ii. 403n —— Mounts, ii. 358n Saker falcons, i. 158, 162n, 223, ii. 50 Sakta doctrines, i. 323n Sakya Muni (Sagamon Borcan) Buddha, i. 164n, 324n, 348n, ii. 265n, 308n; death of, i. 170n; recumbent figures of, 219, 221n; story of, ii. 316 _seqq._; his footmark on Adam’s Peak, 321n; Alms dish, Holy Grail, 328n–330n; tooth relique, 319–320, 330n Salamander, the, i. 213, 216n Salar (Ho-chau), ii. 29n Salem, dragoman, explores Rampart of Gog, i. 57n Salghur, Atabegs of Fars, i. 85n, 121n Sálih, Malik, son of Badruddín Lúlú, i. 61n Salsette Island, ii. 325n, 396n Salt, H., his version of Abyssinian chronology, ii. 435n —— rock, in Badakhshan, i. 153, 154n; used for currency, ii. 45, 54, 57n; extracted from deep wells, 58n, 66, 76n; in Carajan province, 66, 76n; manufactured in Eastern China, 133; manufacture, revenue and traffic in, 152, 153, 155n, 215, 216, 217n; trade on the Kiang, 171; junks employed therein, 174n —— stream, i. 124n Salwen River, or Lu-Kiang, i. 323n Samagar, ii. 471, 474n Samána, ii. 427n Samara, kingdom of, _see_ Sumatra Samarkand (Samarcan), i. 57n, 62n, ii. 458, 462; story of a miracle at, i. 183, 186n; colony near Peking from, 291n Sampson, Theos., on grapes in China, ii. 16n _Sámsúnji Báshi_, i. 401n Samudra, _see_ Sumatra Samuel, his alleged tomb at Sávah, i. 81n San Giovanni Grisostomo, parish in Venice where the Ca’ Polo was, _4_, _26_, _53_, _70_, _71_, _76_; theatre, _28_ San Lorenzo, Venice, burial place of Marco and his father, _7_, _71_, _74_ Sandu, _see_ Chandu Sanf, _see_ Champa Sangín, Sangkan River, ii. 5n, 6n Sanglich, dialect of, i. 160n Sang-Miau, tribe of Kwei-chau, ii. 82n Sangon, the Title (Tsiang-kiun), ii. 136, 138n Sanitary effects of Mountain air, i. 158 Sanjar, sovereigns of Persia, i. 233n Sankin Hoto, Dalai, i. 215n Sanuto of Torcelli, Marino, _118_, i. 17n, 23n, 24n, 42n, 59n, 67n, 77n, 144n; his World Map, _133_; on long range, ii. 166n Sappan wood, _see_ Brazil Sapta-Shaila, ii. 386n Sapurgan (Sabúrḳán, Shabúrḳán, Shibrgán), i. 149, 150n _Saputa_, _Sçue_, peculiar use of, i. 437n Saracanco (Saraichik), on the Yaik, i. 6n Saracens, _see_ Mahomedans Sarai (Sara), capital of Kipchak, i. 4; city and its remains, 5n; perhaps occupied successive sites, 6n —— Sea of (Caspian), i. 59n, ii. 494 _Sáras_, crane (_grus Antigone_), i. 297n Saratov, i. 9n Sarbizan Pass, i. 113n Sardines, ii. 444n Sárdú Pass, i. 113n Sarghalan River, i. 156n Sărha, Port of Sumatra, ii. 294n Sarhadd River, i. 175n Sar-i-kol, Lakes, i. 163n, 172n Sarsati, ii. 427n Sartak, the Great Khan’s ambassador to Hulákú, i. 10n, 14n Sassanian dynasty, i. 61n Sati, _see_ Suttee Satin, probable origin of word, ii. 241n _Saum_, _Sommo_, silver ingots used in Kipchak, ii. 488n; apparently the original rouble, 488n _Sauromatae_, ii. 466n Sávah (Saba), i. 78, 80, 81n Savast (Siwas), i. 43, 44n Scanderoon, Gulf of, i. 16n Scasem, i. 156n Scherani, bandits, i. 101n Schiltberger, Hans, i. 131n Schindler, General Houtum-, i. 89n, 96n, 99n, 100n, 105n, 106n, 112n–115n, 122n, 126n, 308n, 310n, 314n Schlegel, Dr. G., i. 342n, 437n, 441n, ii. 281n, 596n Schmidt, Professor I. J., i. 201n, 294n Schönborn, Carl, ii. 601n Schuyler, Eugene, i. 54n Scidmore, Miss E., on the Tide, ii. 209n Scotra, _see_ Socotra Sea of Chin, ii. 264, 265, 266n, 270n —— England, ii. 265 —— Ghel, or Ghelan, i. 52 —— India, i. 35, 63, 108, 166, ii. 265, 424 —— Rochelle, ii. 265 —— Sarain, i. 59, ii. 494 Seal, Imperial, i. 366, 424 Sebaste, _see_ Sivas Sebourc, Bauduin de, _see_ _Bauduin de Sebourc_ Sees of Latin Church, i. 186n, ii. 237n, 377n —— Nestorian Church, i. 91n, 183n, 186n, 207n, 211n Sefavíehs, the, i. 90n Seilan, _see_ Ceylon Self-decapitation, ii. 349n Selitrennoyé Gorodok (Saltpetre Town), i. 5n, 6n Seljukian dynasty, i. 44n —— Turks, i. 91n _Selles, chevaux à deux_, the phrase, ii. 440n Semal tree, ii. 394n Semedo, ii. 211n Semenat, _see_ Somnath Sempad, Prince, High Constable of Armenia, i. 186n, 352n Sendal, a silk texture, ii. 10n, 37, 132, 182, 390, 464 _Sendaus_, generally Taffetas, ii. 10n Sendemain, king of Seilan, ii. 313 Seneca, _Epistles_, i. 14n Senecherim, king of Armenia, i. 45n Seni, Verzino, ii. 380n _Senshing_, i. 332n Sensin, ascetics, devotees living on bran, i. 303, 321n–327n Sentemur, ii. 98 Sepulchre of Adam, _see_ Adam’s Sepulchre —— of our Lord, i. 19; oil from, 14, 19, 26 Serano, Juan de, ii. 295n Serazi (Shíráz), kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 85n Serendib, ii. 314n _Seres_, _Sinae_, _12_; their tree wool, ii. 137n; ancient character of the, 211n Serpents, great, _i.e._ alligators, ii. 76 _seqq._, 81n, 360 Sertorius, ii. 348n Sesamé, i. 158, 162n, ii. 431 _Sesnes_, mediæval form of _cygnes_, _cigni_, i. 297n _Seta Ghella_, _seta Leggi_ (Ghellé), silk, i. 59n Seth’s mission to Paradise, i. 136n Sevan Lake, i. 58n Seven Arts, the, i. 13, 14n Severtsof, shoots the _Ovis Poli_, i. 175n, 177n; on the name Bolor, 179n Seyyed Barghash, Sultan of Zanzibar, ii. 420n Shabánkára, or Shawánkára (Soncara), i. 83, 85n–86n Shabar, son of Kaidu, ii. 459n Sha-chau (Sachin), “Sand-district,” i. 203, 206n Shadow, augury from length of, ii. 364 Sháh Abbás, i. 310n; his Court, 385n —— Jahan, i. 168n Shahr-i-Babek, turquoise mine at, i. 92n Shahr-i-Nao (Siam), ii. 279n Shahr Mandi, or Pandi, ii. 333n Shah Werdy, last of the Kurshid dynasty, i. 85n Shaibani Khan, ii. 481n _Shaikh-ul-Jibal_, i. 142n, 144n, 145n Shaikhs (Esheks), in Madagascar, ii. 411, 413n Shakespeare, on relation of gold to silver, ii. 95n Sháliát, ii. 440n Shamanism, i. 257n, 315n, 324n, 325n, ii. 97n. (_See_ also Devil-Dancing.) Shampath, ancestor of Georgian kings, i. 52n Shamsuddin Shamatrani, ii. 303n Shamuthera, _see_ Sumatra Shan (Laotian, or _Thai_), ii. 74n, 90n, 96n, 113n, 278n —— race and country, ii. 117n, 128n —— dynasty in Yun-nan, ii. 73n, 79n —— ponies, ii. 82n —— state of Pong, _see_ Pong Shanars of Tinnevelly, ii. 97n; their devil-worship, 359n Shang-hai, ii. 238n Shangking-Fungking, i. 345n Shangtu, Shangdu (Chandu), i. 25n; Kúblái’s City and Summer Palace, 298, 304n; Dr. Bushell’s description of, 304n; Kúblái’s annual visit to, 308n, 410 Shangtu Keibung, i. 306n, 308n Shan-hai-kwan, i. 407n Shankárah, Shabankára (Soncara), i. 83, 85n, 86n Shan-si, ii. 12n, 14n, 15n, 23n, 25n, 32n, 135n, 143n, 167n Shan-tung, ii. 137n, 141n, 143n; silk in, 136, 137n; pears from, 210n Shao-hing-fu, ii. 220n–222n Shao-ling, pariah caste of, ii. 228n Sharakhs, i. 149n Shara-ul-buks (Forest of box on the Black Sea), i. 57n Sharks and shark charmers, ii. 332–337n Shauls, or Shúls, the, i. 85n, 87n Shawánkára (Soncara), i. 83, 85n, 86n Shaw, R. B., i. 169n, 178n, 195n, 276n, 315n, ii. 16n Shawls of Kerman, i. 96n Sheep, fat-tailed in Kerman, i. 97, 100n —— four-horned at Shehr, ii. 443, 494n —— large Indian, ii. 361 —— none in Manzi, ii. 219 —— of Pamir (_Ovis Poli_), i. 171, 176n —— wild, of Badakhshan (Kachkar, _Ovis Vignei_), i. 158, 162n —— with trucks behind, 100n —— Zanghibar, ii. 422, 424n Sheep’s head given to horses, ii. 351n Shehr, or Shihr, _see_ Esher Shehrizor (Kerkuk), i. 62n Shenrabs, i. 324n Shen-si, ii. 23n, 25n, 26n, 31n, 32n, 167n, 237n Shentseu tribe, ii. 120n Sheuping, ii. 120n Shewá, cool plateau of, i. 163n Shibrgán (Sapurgan), i. 149, 150n Shieng, Sheng, or Sing, the Supreme Board of Administration, i. 431, 432n, ii. 154, 157n _Shien-sien_, _Shin-sien_, i. 322n Shighnan (Syghinan), ruby mines, i. 157, 161n, 172n _Shijarat Malayu_, or Malay Chronicle, ii. 287n, 288n, 294n, 296n, 300n, 302n Shikárgáh, applied to animal pattern textures, Benares brocades, i. 66n Shing-king, or Mukden, i. 345n Ships, of the Great Khan, ii. 142; of India at Fuju, 231; of Manzi described, 249–251; mediæval, accounts of, 252n–253n; in Japan, 264; in Java Seas, 274n; at Eli, 386 Shíráz (Cerazi), i. 83, 85n Shireghi, ii. 462n Shirha, ii. 436n Shirwan, ii. 495n Shi-tsung, Emperor, i. 310n Shoa, ii. 434n, 436n Shob’aengs of Nicobar, ii. 308n Shodja ed-din Kurshid, Kurd, i. 85n Shor-Rud (Salt River), i. 124n Shot of Military Engines, ii. 159, 163n, 164n–168n Shpilevsky, i. 8n Shúlistán (Suolstan), i. 83, 85n Shúls or Shauls, people of Persia, i. 83n, 85n Shut up nations, legend of the, _114_, _136_, i. 57n Shwéli River, ii. 107n Siam, ii. 277n–280n; king of, 278n Siang-yang-fu (Saianfu), Kúblái’s siege of, Polo’s aid in taking, _22_, _112_, ii. 158, 159; difficulties in Polo’s account, 167n; not removed by Pauthier, notice by Wassáf, Chinese account, Rashiduddin’s, 168n; treasure buried, 169n Siberia, ii. 479–481n Sibree, on rofia palm, ii. 597n Sick men put to death and eaten by their friends, ii. 293, 298n _Siclatoun_, kind of texture, i. 283n Siddhárta, ii. 322n Sidi Ali, i. 152n, 165n, 277n, ii. 5n, 402n, 444n, 453n Sien, Sien-Lo, Sien-Lo-Kok (Siam, Lo-cac), ii. 277n–280n Sifan, ii. 60n, 61n, 70n Sigatay, _see_ Chagatai Sighelm, envoy from King Alfred to India, ii. 357n Si Hia, language of Tangut, i. 29n Si-hu, Lake of Kinsay or Hang-chau, ii. 186, 196n, 205n–207n, 211n, 214n Sijistán, i. 102n Siju (Suthsian), ii. 141 Sikintinju (Kien-chow), i. 343, 345n Silesia, Mongol invasion of, ii. 493n Silk, called Ghellé (of Gilan), i. 52; manufacture at Yezd, 88n; at Taianfu, ii. 13; in Shan-si and Shen-si, 22, 23n; in Kenjanfu, 24; Cuncun, 31; Sindafu, 42n; Kwei-chau, 126, 128n; Tasinfu, 136, 137n; Piju, 141; Pao-ying-Hien, 152; Nanghin, 157; Chinhiang-fu, 176; Chinginju, 178; Suju, 181n; Vughin, 182; Kinsay, 187, 198n, 216; Ghiuju, 219 —— cotton tree, ii. 394n —— duty on, ii. 216 —— and gold stuffs, i. 41, 60, 63, 75, 107, 257, 285, 383, 387, 415, ii. 10, 24, 132, 152, 157, 176, 181, 206, 238n, 390, 411 —— stuffs and goods, Turcomania, i. 43; Georgia, 50; Baghdad, 63; Yezd, 88; Kerman, 90; Tenduc province, 285; Cambaluc, 415; Juju, ii. 10; Sindafu, 37; Cacanfu, 132; Chinangli, 135; Suju, 181; Vughin, 182; Kinsay, 187; in animal patterns, 63, 90; with Cheetas, i. 398n; of Kelinfu, ii. 225; with giraffes, 424n Silk, tent ropes, i. 405; bed furniture, 434 —— trade at Cambaluc, i. 415; at Kinsay, ii. 187 —— worms, ii. 13, 24 Silver chairs, i. 351, 355n —— imported into Malabar, ii. 390; Cambay, 398 —— Island, ii. 174n —— mines at Baiburt, i. 46; Gumish-Khánah, 49n; in Badakhshan, 157; in N. Shansi, 285, 295n; Yun-nan, ii. 95n; Russian, 487, 488n —— plate in Chinese taverns, ii. 187, 196n Simon, Metropolitan of Fars, ii. 377n —— Magus, i. 314n Simúm, effects of, i. 109, 120n Simurgh, ii. 415n, 419n Sinbad, his story of the diamonds, ii. 362n; of the Rukh, 418n Sind (Sindhu-Sauvira), _12_, i. 104n, 105n Sindábúr (Goa), ii. 390n, 440n Sindachu (Siuen-hwa fu), i. 285, 295n Sindafu (Chengtu-fu), ii. 36, 38n, 127, 128n Sindhu-Sauvira (Sindh-Ságor), i. 104n Si-ngan fu (Kenjanfu), ii. 24n, 25n, 29n, 34n; Christian inscription at, 27n, 29n Singapore, Singhapura, i. 37n, ii. 279n, 281n, 305n Singkel, ii. 300n Singphos, ii. 82n, 90n Sings, ii. 238n Singtur, Mongol Prince, ii. 111n Singuyli (Cranganor), ii. 426n Sinhopala (Accambale), king of Chamba, ii. 267 Sinju (Si-ning fu), i. 274, 276n —— (Ichin-hien), ii. 170 Sinju-matu, ii. 137, 138 Sínkalán, Sín-ul-Sín, Mahá-chin, or Canton, i. 294n, ii. 175n, 243n, 252n Sinope, i. 45n Síráf (Kish, or Kais?), i. 65n Sir-i-Chashma, i. 58n Sirikol, Lake and River, i. 174n, 176n, 182n Sírján or Shirján, i. 92n, 122n Sis, i. 42n Sístán, i. 61n Sitting in air, i. 315n, 316n Siu-chau, ii. 129n–131n Siuen-hwa-fu, _see_ Sindachu Siva, ii. 321n, 334n Sivas, Siwas, Sebaste, Sevasd (Savast), i. 43, 44n, 45n Siwastán, ii. 427n Siwi, gigantic cotton in, ii. 394n Sixtus V., Pope, ii. 326n _Siya-gosh_, or lynx, i. 399n Siyurgutmish, i. 91n Sladen, Major, ii. 82n, 90n, 95n, 107n, 198n Slaves in Bengal, ii. 115 Sledges, dog-, ii. 480, 481n–483n Sleeping-mats, leather, ii. 394, 395n Sluices of Grand Canal, ii. 175n Smith, G., Bishop of Hongkong, i. 347n Smith (R.E.), Major R. M., i. 89n, 96n, 99n, 106n, 111n–114n Sneezing, omen from, ii. 364n Socotra (Scotra), island of, ii. 404, 406, 408n; history of, 408n–410n; Christian Archbishop, 406; aloes of, 409n Soer (Suhar), ii. 340, 348n Sofala, trade to China from, ii. 400n Sogoman Borcan, _see_ Sakya Muni Sol, Arbre, _see_ Arbre Soldaia, Soldachia, Sodaya (the Oriental Sudák), _15_, _26_, i. 2, 3n, 4 Soldan, a Melic, ii. 470, 472 Soldurii, trusty lieges of Celtic kings, ii. 348n Soli, Solli (_Chola_, or Tanjore), kingdom of, ii. 335n, 364, 368n, 403n Solomon, house of, in Abyssinia, ii. 434n Soltania, Archbishop of, ii. 213n. (_See_ Sultaniah.) Somnath (Semenat), ii. 398, 400n; gates of, 399, 400n–401n Sonagar-pattanam, ii. 372n Soncara (Shawankára), i. 83, 85n Sonder Bandi Davar, _see_ Sundara Pandi Sondur and Condur (Pulo Condore Group), ii. 276, 277n Sorcerers, sorceries of Pashai (Udyana), i, 164; Kashmir, 166, 168n, 301, ii. 593n; Lamas and Tibetans, _ib._, 314n–318n —— Dagroian, ii. 293, 298n; Socotra, 407, 410n. (_See_ also Conjurers.) Sornau (Shahr-i-Nau), Siam, ii. 279n Sotiates, tribe of Aquitania, ii. 348n Soucat, ii. 277 Southey, _St Romuald_, ii. 84n Spaan, Ispahan, i. 85n Sposk, district, i. 7n _Spezerie_, i. 43n Spice, Spicery, i. 41, 60, 107, 205, 302, 382, 441, ii. 49, 56, 66, 115, 116, 123, 202, 216, 234, 264, 272, 284, 389, 390n, 423, 438, 450 Spice wood, i. 405, 409n Spices in China, duty on, ii. 216 Spikenard, ii. 115, 272, 284, 287n, 390 Spinello Aretini, fresco by, i. 118n Spirit drawings and spiritual flowers, i. 460n Spirits haunting deserts, i. 197, 209n, 274 Spiritualism in China, i. 325n Spitoons, pocket, i. 458, 462n Spodium (Spodos), i. 125, 126n Sport and game, i. 41, 88, 91, 149, 151, 153, 158, 160, 171, 223, 252, 260, 275, 285, 296, 299, 397, 400–406, 411; in Shan-si, ii. 22; Cachanfu, 24; Cuncun, 31; Acbalec Manzi, 34; Tibet, 50; Caindu, 56; Zardandan, 85; Mien, 111; Linju, 140; Cagu, 153; Nanghin, 157; Saianfu, 158; Ching-hiang-fu, 176; Chinginju, 178; Changan, 182; Kinsay, 201, 207, 219; Fuju, 225, 226, 234; Lambri, 299; Maabar, 345; Comari, 382; Eli, 386 Springolds, ii. 161n Springs, hot, i. 110, 122n Sprinkling of drink, a Tartar rite, i. 300, 308n Squares at Kinsay, ii. 201, 209n Sri-Thammarat, ii. 278n Sri-Vaikuntham, ii. 374n Sse River, ii. 139n Stack, E., visits Kuh Banán, i. 126n Star Chart, ii. 314n Star of Bethlehem, traditions about, i. 82n Steamers on Yangtse-kiang, ii. 173n Steel mines at Kermán, i. 90, 92n; in Chingintalas, 212; Indian, 93n, 94n; Asiatic view of, 94n Stefani, Signor, i. 7, ii. 507n Stein, Dr. M. A., on Sorcery in Kashmir, ii. 593n; on Paonano Pao, 593n; on Pamirs, 593n–594n; on site of Pein, 595n Stiens of Cambodia, ii. 82n, 97n Stirrups, short and long, ii. 78, 82n Stitched vessels, i. 108, 117n Stockade erected by Polo’s party in Sumatra, ii. 292 Stone, miracle of the, at Samarkand, i. 185, 187n —— the green, i. 187n —— towers in Chinese cities, ii. 189 —— umbrella column, ii. 212n Stones giving invulnerability, ii. 259, 263n Suákin, ii. 439n Submersion of part of Ceylon, ii. 313, 314n Subterraneous irrigation, i. 89n, 123, 124n Suburbs of Cambaluc, i. 412 Subutai, Mongol general, i. 8n, ii. 168n Su-chau (Suju), ii. 179, 181, 199n; plan of, 183n, 184n Suchnan River, i. 172n Sudarium, the Holy, i. 213 Súddhodhana, ii. 322n Sugar, Bengal, ii. 115; manufactured, 215, 231; art of refining, 226, 230n; of Egypt and China, 231 Suh-chau (Sukchur), i. 217, 218n, 282n Suicides before an idol, ii. 340, 349n Sukchur, province Sukkothai, i. 217 Sukkothai, ii. 278n, 279n _Suḳlát_, broadcloth, i. 283n Sukum Kala’, i. 57n Suleiman, Sultan, i. 17n, 44n, ii. 74n, 80n Sulphur and quicksilver, potion of longevity, ii. 365, 369n Sultaniah, Monument at, ii. 478n. (See Soltania.) Sultan Shah, of Badakhshan, i. 163n Sumatra (Java the Less), _23_, _120_, i. 34, ii. 288n, 300n–301n; described, its kingdoms, 284, 286n, 287n; circuit, 284, 286n Sumatra, Samudra, city and kingdom of (Samara for Samatra), ii. 292, 306n; legend of origin, 294n; Ibn Batuta there, 294n; its position, 295n; latest mention of, 296n; wine-pots, 297n Sumbawa, ii. 287n Summers, Professor, ii. 277n Sumutala, Sumuntala, _see_ Sumatra Sun and moon, trees of the, i. 130n Sundara Pandi Devar (Sondar Bandi Davar), king in Ma’bar, ii. 331; his death, 333n; Dr. Caldwell’s views about, 333n, 334n Sundar Fúlát (Pulo Condore Group), ii. 277n Sung, a native dynasty reigning in S. China till Kúblái’s conquest, _12_, i. 38n, ii. 135, 151n, 194n; their paper-money, effeminacy, 20n, 150n, 207, 208, 211n; cremation, 135n; Kúblái’s war against, 148n, 149n; end of them, 167n, 168n Sunnis and Shias, i. 160n Suolstan (Shulistan), a kingdom in Persia, i. 83, 85n Superstitions in Tangut, the devoted sheep or ram (_Tengri Tockho_), i. 204, 207n; the dead man’s door, 205, 209n; as to chance shots, 439; in Carajan, ii. 79, 82n, 84n; devil-dancing, 86; property of the dead, 111; Sumatran, 293, 298n; Malabar, 339 _seqq._; as to omens, 343–344, 364–365 Sur-Raja, ii. 374n Survival, instances of, ii. 93n Sushun, Regent of China, execution of (1861), i. 428n Su-tásh, the Jadek, i. 193n Suttees in S. India, ii. 341, 349n; of men, 340 _Svastika_, sacred symbol of the Bonpos, i. 324n Swans, wild, at Chagan-Nor, i. 296 Swat, i. 178n —— River, i. 164n Swi-fu, ii. 131n Sword blades of India, i. 93n, 96n Syghinan, _see_ Shighnan Sykes, Major P. Molesworth, i. 102n, 106n, 113n, 114n, 119n, 124n, 126n, 127n, 128n Sylen (Ceylon), ii. 426n Symbolical messages, Scythian and Tartar, ii. 497n–498n Syrian Christians, ii. 377n _seqq._, 433n _Syrrhaptes Pallasii_, _see_ Barguerlac Szechényi, Count, i. 207n Sze-ch’wan (Ch’eng-tu), ii. 32n, 34n, 35n, 37n, 40n, 42n, 45n, 46n, 48n, 58n, 60n, 69n, 128n, 131n, 134n; aborigines, 60n

Tabashir, ii. 263n, 396n Tabbas, i. 124n Table of the Great Khan, i. 381 Tables, how disposed at Mongol feasts, i. 384n Tablet, Emperor’s, adored with incense, i. 391, 393n Tablets of Authority, Golden (_Páizah_), presented by Khan to Polos, i. 15, 16, 34, 35; lion’s head and gerfalcon, 35, 351; bestowed on distinguished captains, inscription, 350, 351n–354n; cat’s head, 356n; granted to governors of different rank, 431 —— worshipped by Cathayans, i. 456, 458n Tabriz (Tauris), i. 17n, 74, 76n Tachindo, _see_ Ta-t’sien-lu Tacitus, _Claustra Caspiorum_, Pass of Derbend, i. 53n Tactics, Tartar, i. 262, 265n, ii. 460 Tacuin, i. 447, 448n Tadinfu, ii. 136 Taeping Insurrection and Devastations, ii. 154n, 158n, 173n, 176n, 177n, 179n, 184n, 196n, 222n Taeping, or Taiping, Sovereigns’ effeminate customs, ii. 20n Taffetas, ii. 10n Taft, near Yezd, turquoise at, i. 92n Tafurs, i. 313n Tagachar, ii. 471, 474n Tagaung, ii. 107n, 111n, 113n Tagharma Pass, i. 172n, ii. 594n Tághdúngbásh River, i. 175n Taianfu (T’ai-yuan-fu), king of N. China, ii. 12, 14n, 15n Taiani, ii. 432n Taican, _see_ Talikan Taichau (Tigu), ii. 154n T’aiching-Kwan, ii. 26n Taidu, Daitu, Tatu, Kúblái’s new city of Cambaluc, i. 305n, 306n, 374, 375n Taikung, _see_ Tagaung Tailed men, in Sumatra, ii. 299, 301n; elsewhere, 301n–302n; English, 302n Tailors, none in Maabar, ii. 338 Taimúni tribe, i. 100n Taiting-fu (Tadinfu), or Yenchau, ii. 137n Taitong-fu, _see_ Tathung Tai-tsu, Emperor, i. 428n T’ai Tsung, Emperor, ii. 15n, 28n Taiyang Khan (Great King), king of the Naimans, ii. 20n Tajiks of Badakhshan, great topers, i. 153, 155n Takfúr, ii. 148n Takhtapul, i. 152n Táki-uddin, Abdu-r Rahmán, ii. 333n Takla-Makan, i. 190n Talains, ii. 74n Talas River, ii. 459n Tali, gold mines, ii. 81n Talifu (Carajan), ii. 67n, 76n, 79n, 80n, 105n, 107n, 111n Talikan, Thaikan (Taican), i. 153, 154n, 163n Tallies, record by, ii. 86, 96n Tamarind, pirates’ use of, ii. 392, 394n Tamerlan, i. 8n Tana (Azov), _9_, _43_, _72_, i. 4n, 6n, 19n —— near Bombay, kingdom of, ii. 395, 396n, 403n, 426n, 440n Tana-Maiambu, ii. 396n Tana-Malayu, ii. 281n, 283n Tánasi cloth, ii. 396n Tanduc, _see_ Tenduc T’ang dynasty, ii. 28n, 194n, 278n Tangnu Oola, branch of Altai, i. 215n Tangut province, Chinese Si Hia, or Ho Si, i. 29n, 203, 214n, 217, 219, 220n, 223, 224n, 245n, 274, 276n, 281; five invasions of, 281n Tangutan, term applied to Tibetan speaking people round the Koko-nor, i. 206n Tanjore, ii. 334n, 335n; Suttee at, 349n; Pagoda at, 352n; fertility of, 368n Tánkíz Khan, applied to Chinghiz, i. 247n Tanpiju (Shaohing?), ii. 218 Tantras, Tantrika, Tantrists, i. 315n, 323n, 326n Tao-lin, a Buddhist monk, i. 165n Tao-sze (Taossé), sect, i. 321n–325n; female idols of the, 303, 327n Ta-pa-Shan range, ii. 34n, 35n Taprobana, mistakes about, ii. 295n Tarakai, ii. 475n Tarantula, ii. 346, 364 _Tarcasci_, i. 366n Tarem, or Tárum, i. 86n, 122n Tares of the parable, i. 122n Taríkh-i-Rashídí, i. 194n Tarmabala, Kúblái’s grandson, i. 361n _Tarok_, Burmese name for Chinese, ii. 113n Tarok Man and Tarok Myo, ii. 113n Tartar language, i. 12; on Tartar, its correct form, 12n; misuse by Ramusio, 458n Tartars, i. 1, 4, 5, 10, 13, 50, 90, 97, 99, 110n, 121n, 151; different characters used by, 28n; identified with Gog and Magog, 57n; ladies, 76n; their first city, 226; original country, tributary to Prester John, _ib._; revolt and migration, 227; earliest mention of the word, 230n; make Chinghiz their king, 238; his successors, 245; their customs and religion, 249n, 251, 256; houses, 252, 253n; waggons, 252, 254n; chastity of their women, 252, 256n; polygamy, etc., 252, 256n; their gods and idols, 256; their drink (Kumiz), 257, 259n; cloths, 257, 295n; arms, horses, and war customs, 260–263; military organization, 261, 263n; sustenance on rapid marches, 261; blood-sucking, 261, 264n; portable curd, 262, 265n; tactics in war, 262, 265n; degeneracy, 263, 266n; administration of justice, 266; laws against theft, 266, 268n; posthumous marriage, 267, 268n; the cudgel, 266, 267n; Rubruquis’ account of, 236n; Joinville’s, 237n; custom before a fight, 337; want of charity to the poor, 445; conquerors of China, history of, ii. 20; excellence in archery, 102; objection to meddling with things pertaining to the dead, 111; admiration of the Polo mangonels, 160; employment of military engines, 168n; their cruelties, 180n; arrows, 460; marriage customs, i. 33n, 252–253, ii. 467 —— in the Far North, ii. 479 —— of the Levant, _see_ Levant —— of the Ponent, _see_ Ponent Tartary cloths, i. 257, 295n Tarungares, tribe, ii. 298n Tásh Kurgán, i. 172n, ii. 594n Tataríya coins, i. 12n Tathung, or Taitongfu, i. 245n, 286n, 289n Ta-t’sien-lu, or Tachindo, Tartsédo, ii. 45n, 48n, 49n, 52n, 60n, 67n, 70n Ta Tsing River, ii. 137n, 143n Tattooing, ii. 84, 90n, 117, 119n, 131n, 235, 242n, 297n; artists in, 235, 242n Tatu (Taichu), i. 374 —— River, ii. 61n Tauris, _see_ Tabriz Taurizi, Torissi, i. 74, 75n Tawálisi, ii. 465n Taxes, _see_ Customs, Duties Tchakiri Mondou (Modun), i. 404, 408n _Tchekmen_, thick coarse cotton stuff, i. 190n Tea-houses at Kingszé, ii. 196n Tea trees in E. Tibet, ii. 59n Tebet, _see_ Tibet Tedaldo, _see_ Theobald Teeth, custom of casing in gold, ii. 84, 88n–91n —— of Adam or of Buddha, ii. 319, 329n–330n —— conservation of, by Brahmans, ii. 365 Tegana, ii. 471 Teghele, Atabeg of Lúr, i. 85n Teimur (Temur), Kúblái’s grandson and successor, i. 360, ii. 149, 459n Tekla, Hamainot, ii. 356 Tekrit, i. 61n Telingana, _see_ Tilinga Telo Samawe, ii. 295n Tembul (Betel), chewing, ii. 371, 374n Temkan, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n Temple, connection of Cilician Armenia with Order of, i. 24n —— Master of the, i. 23, 24n Temple’s account of the Condor, ii. 417n Temujin, _see_ Chinghiz Tenduc, or Tanduc, plain of, i. 240, 241; province of, 284, 286n Tengri, Supreme deity of Tartars, i. 257n–258n Tennasserim, ii. 279n; (Tanasari), 314n Tents, the Khan’s, i. 404, 409n Terebinth, i. 125n; of Mamre, 132n, 135n _Terlán_, goshawk, i. 57n Teroa Mountains, ii. 420n Terra Australis, ii. 274n Te-Tsung, Emperor, ii. 28n Thai, Great and Little, ii. 287n; race, 278n Thaigin, ii. 25n, 26n Thai-yuanfu (Taianfu), ii. 12, 14n–17n _Thard-wahsh_, _see_ Patterns, Beast and Bird Theft, Tartar punishment of, i. 266, 268n Theistic worship, i. 456, 458n Thelasar, ii. 431n Theobald, or Tedaldo of Piacenza, i. 17, 20, 21n, ii. 593n; chosen Pope as Gregory X., i. 20; sends friars with the Polos and presents, 22, 23n Theodorus, king of Abyssinia, ii. 436n Theodosius the Great, i. 49n Theophilus, Emperor of Constantinople, i. 385n —— missionary, ii. 409n Thévenot, _Travels_, i. 81n Thian Shan, i. 175n, 177n, 191n Thianté-Kiun, i. 286n Thin l’Evêque, siege of, ii. 163n, 165n _Thinae_ of Ptolemy, ii. 27n Tholoman, _see_ Coloman Thomas, Edward, i. 87n, ii. 115n, 164n —— of Mancasola, Bishop of Samarcand, i. 186n Thread, Brahmanical, ii. 363 Three kingdoms (San-Kwé), ii. 38n Threshold, a great offence to step on the, i. 383, 385n Thurán Shah’s History of Hormuz, i. 120n Tibet (Tebet) province, ii. 42, 49; boundary of, 49, 52n; its acquisition by Mongols, 46n; organisation under Kúblái, 46n; dogs of, 45, 49, 52n Tibetan language and character, i. 29n; origin of the Yue-chi, 174n Tibetans, i. 165n; superstitions of, 208n, 209n; and Kashmiris (Tebet and Keshimur), sorceries of, 301, 315n; accused of cannibalism, 301, 312n Tides in Hang-chau estuary, ii. 150n, 208n Tierce, half tierce, etc., hours of, ii. 364, 368n Tiflis, i. 49n, 57n, 58n Tigado, Castle of, i. 148n Tigers (called lions by Polo), ii. 225, 231n, 411; trained to the chase, i. 397, 399n; in Cuncun, ii. 31; in Caindu, 56; Kwei-chau, 127n. (_See_ also Lions.) Tigris River (Volga), i. 5, 9n; at Baghdad, 63, 64n Tigúdar (Acomat Soldan), ii. 468n Tiju, ii. 153, 154n Tiles, enamelled, i. 364, 370n Tilinga, Telingana, Tiling, Telenc, ii. 362n, 427n Tiling, ii. 427n Timur of Toumen, chief of the Nikoudrians, i. 102n Timur the Great, i. 5n, 9n, 45n, 49n, 52n, 61n, 86n, 152n, 155n, 187n, ii. 166n Timurids, the, i. 85n Ting, 10 taels of silver = tael of gold, i. 427n, ii. 217n, 218n Tinju, ii. 153, 154n Tinnevelly, ii. 359n, 373n, 403n Tithe on clothing material, i. 445 Tithing men, Chinese (_Pao-kia_), ii. 200n Titus, Emperor, i. 66n Tjajya, _see_ Choiach Toba race, i. 205n Toctai, king, _see_ Toktai Tod, Colonel James, i. 104n, 114n, 169n, 183n Toddy, _see_ Wine of Palm Togan, ii. 471, 474n Toghrul I., i. 49n —— Shah of Kermán, i. 113n Toghon Temur, last Mongol Emperor, i. 228n; his wail, 305n Togrul Wang Khan, _see_ Prester John Toka Tumir, i. 8n Tokat, i. 45n Toktai Khan (Toctai, Lord of the Ponent), _72_, ii. 487, 491, 496; wars with Noghai, 499; his symbolic message, 497n, 498n Tolan-nur (Dolonnúr), i. 26n Toleto, John de, Cardinal Bishop of Portus, i. 21n Tolobuga, ii. 496, 497n Toman (Tuman, etc.), Mongol word for 10,000, i. 261, 263n, ii. 192, 200n, 217n, 218n, 462n Tongking, Tungking, ii. 119n, 120n, 128n, 131n Tooth-relique of Buddha, ii. 319–320; history of, 329n–330n Torchi, Dorjé, Kúblái’s first-born, i. 361n Tornesel, i. 423, 426n Torro River, i. 345n Torshok, ii. 489n Torture by constriction in raw hide, i. 262n _Toscaul_, _tosḳáúl_ (_toscaol_), watchman, i. 403, 407n Tournefort, on cold at Erzrum, i. 49n Tower and Bell Alarm at Peking, i. 375, 378n; at Kinsay, ii. 189 Toyan (Tathung?), i. 286n Trade at Layas, i. 41; by Baghdad, 63; at Tauris, 75; at Cambaluc, 415; in Shan-si, ii. 22; on the Great Kiang, 36, 170; at Chinangli, 135; at Sinju Matu, 138; Kinsay, 187, 190, 202, 216; Fu-chau 231; Zayton 234; Java, 272; Malaiur, 280; Cail, 370; Coilum, 375; Melibar, 389; Tana, 395; Cambaet, 398; Kesmacoran, 401; Socotra, 407 —— of India with Hormuz, i. 107; with Egypt by Aden, ii. 438, 439n; with Esher, 442; with Dofar, 444; with Calatu, 450 Trades in Manzi, alleged to be hereditary, ii. 186, 196n _Tramontaine_, ii. 296n Transmigration, i. 456, ii. 213n, 318–319 Traps for fur animals, ii. 481, 483n Travancore, ii. 383n, 403n; Rajas of, 380n Treasure of Maabar kings, ii. 340, 348n–349n Trebizond, _43_, i. 19n, 36, 46; Emperors of, and their tails, ii. 302n Trebuchets, ii. 159, 160n, 161n Trees, of the Sun and Moon, i. 129n, 130n; superstitions about, 131n–135n; by the highways, 440; camphor, ii. 234, 237n; producing wine, 292, 297n, 300, 313; producing flour (sago), 300, 304n–305n _Tregetoures_, i. 386n Trench, Archbishop, i. 201n, ii. 82n Trevisano, Azzo, _8_, _17_, _25_, _65_ —— Marc’Antonio, Doge, _8_, _78_ Trincomalee, ii. 337n Tringano, ii. 279n Trinkat, ii. 308n ‘Trusty lieges,’ devoted comrades of king of Maabar, ii. 339, 347n T’sang-chau, ii. 133n, 137n _T’siang-kiun_ (‘General’), ii. 138n, 261n Ts’ien-T’ang River, ii. 194n, 198n, 208n, 214n, 220n–222n; bore in, 150n, 208n T’si-nan-fu (Chinangli), ii. 137n, 138n T’sing-chau, ii. 138n T’sing-ling range, ii. 35n T’si-ning-chau, ii. 137n, 139n Tsin-tsun, ii. 229n Tsiuan-chau, T’swanchau, _see_ Zayton Tsongkhapa, Tibetan Reformer, i. 315n Ts’uan-chou, _see_ Zayton Tsukuzi in Japan, ii. 260n Tsung-ngan-hien, ii. 224n Tsushima, Island, ii. 260n Tuan, Prince, chief of the Boxers, i. 282n _Tuc_, _tuk_, _tugh_, commanders of 100,000, horse-tail or yak-tail standard, i. 261, 263n Tudai, Ahmad Khan’s wife, ii. 471n Tudai-Mangku (Totamangu or Totamangul), ii. 491, 492n, 496, 497n, 499 Tu-fan, ancient name of Tibet, ii. 46n Tughan, Tukan, Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 270n Tughlak Shah, of Delhi (a Karaunah), i. 101n Tuktugai Khan, i. 9n Tu-ku-hun, i. 193n Tuli, or Tulin, fourth son of Chinghiz, ii. 32n Tuman, _see_ Toman Tumba, Angelo di, _25_; Marco di, _65_ Tún, city of E. Persia, i. 86n, 124n Tung-’an in Fokien, ii. 243n _Tungani_, or Converts, Mahomedans in N. China and Chinese Turkestan, i. 291n Tung-chau (Tinju), ii. 154n Tung-hwang-hien, ancient Shachau, i. 206n Tung-kwan, fortress of the Kin sovereigns, ii. 14n, 25n, 27n _Tung-lo_ (Kumiz), i. 259n Tunguses, i. 271n Tunny fish, i. 108, 416n, ii. 442 Tun-o-kain (Tunocain), kingdom of Persia, i. 83, 86n, 127, 128n, 138n, 145n Turbit (radex Turpethi), ii. 389, 391n Turcomania (Anatolian Turkey), i. 43 Turgaut, day-watch, i. 381n Turkey, Great (Turkestan), i. 191, ii. 286n, 452, 457, 458, 462, 477 Turkistan chiefs send mission to kings of India, ii. 370n Turkmans and Turks, distinction between, i. 44n, 101n; horses, 43, 44n Turks, ancient mention of, i. 56; friend of Polo’s, 213; and Mongols, 294n Turmeric, ii. 226n Turner, Lieutenant Samuel, describes Yak of Tartary, i. 277n Turquans, Turkish horses, i. 43 Turquoises in Kermán, i. 90, 92n; in Caindu, ii. 53 Turtle doves, i. 97, 99n Turumpak, Hormuz, i. 111n Tutia (Tutty), preparation of, i. 125, 126n, ii. 398 Tuticorin, ii. 372n Tu T’song, Sung Emperor of China, ii. 150n, 211n Tver, ii. 489n Twelve, a favourite round number, ii. 426n —— Barons over Khan’s Administration, i. 430, ii. 154 Twigs or arrows, divination by, i. 241, 242n Tyuman, ii. 481n Tyunju, porcelain manufacture, ii. 235, 242n Tylor, Dr. E. B., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n, 94n Tzarev, i. 6n Tzaritzyn, i. 6n, 57n

Ucaca (Ukak, Ukek, Uwek), i. 5, 8n, 9n; Ukák of Ibn Batuta, a different place, ii. 488n Uch-baligh, _134_ Uch-Multán, i. 86n Udoe country, ii. 42, 598n Udong, ii. 279n Udyána, i. 164n Ughuz, legend of, ii. 485n Uighúr character, parent of present Mongol writing, i. 14n, 28n, 160n, 353n Uighúrs, the, i. 76n, 214n, 227n, ii. 179n, 462n Uiraca, i. 282n Uirad, _see_ Oirad Ujjain, legend of, ii. 349n; (_Ozene_), 397n, 426n Ukak, ii. 488n. (_See_ Ucaca.) Ulatai (Oulatay), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n, ii. 471, 474n Ulakhai, i. 282n Ulan Muren (Red River), i. 250n Ulugh Bagh, on Badakhshan border, i. 154n —— Mohammed, i. 8n Ulús, the, i. 10n U-man and Pe-man (Black and White Barbarians), ii. 73n Umbrellas, i. 351, 354n, 355n Unc Can (Aung Khan), _see_ Prester John Ung (Ungkút), Tartar tribe, i. 285, 294n Ungrat (Kungurat), Tartar tribe, i. 357, 358n Unicorn (Rhinoceros), in Burma, ii. 107; Sumatra, 285, 289, 299; legend of Virgin and, 285, 290n; horns of, 291n Unken, City, ii. 226, 229n, 230n, 233n Unlucky hours, ii. 364 U-nya-Mwezi superstition, i. 130n Urduja, Princess, ii. 465n Uriangkadai, ii. 46n Uriangkut (Tunguses), i. 271n Urianhai, the, i. 271n Urumtsi, i. 201n, 214n Urzú, i. 122n Uspenskoye (called also Bolgarskoye), i. 7n Uttungadeva, king of Java, ii. 275n Uwek, _see_ Ucaca Uzbeg Khan of Sarai, i. 4n, 6n, 352n Uzbegs of Kunduz, i. 156n, 163n Uzun Tati, coins, Chinese porcelain from, ii. 595n

Vair, the fur and animal, i. 257, ii. 479, 483n, 484n, 486n, 487 —— as an epithet of eyes, _124_ Valaghir district, i. 54n Vámbéry, Prof. Hermann, i. 10n, 28n, 54n, 57n, 170n, 214n, 237n, 401n, ii. 465 Vanchu (Wangchu), conspires with Chenchu against Ahmad, i. 417–419, 422n Van Lake, i. 57n Varaegian, Varangian, ii. 490n Varaha Mihira, astronomer, i. 104n Vardoj River, i. 156n, 172n _Varini_, ii. 490n Varsach, or Mashhad River, i. 155n, 156n _Vasmulo_, i. 292n _Vateria Indica_, ii. 396n Veil of the Temple, πέπλος βαβυλώνιος, i. 66 Vellalars, ii. 372n Venádan, title of king of Kaulam, ii. 380n Venetians, factory at Soldaia, i. 4n; expelled from Constantinople, 19n Venice, _2_, _15_, _16_, i. 2, 18, 19, 36, 41; return of Polos to, _4_, _24_, _54_, i. 36; its exaltation after Latin conquest of Constantinople, _9_; its nobles, _14_; Polo’s mansion at, _23_ _seqq._; galleys, _32_ _seqq._; archives at, _70_ _seqq._; articles brought from East by Marco to, i. 274, ii. 299, 305n Ventilators at Hormuz, ii. 452, 453n Verlinden, Belgian missionary, i. 249n _Verniques_, i. 382, 384n _Verzino Colombino_, ii. 380n. (_See_ also Brazil.) Vessels, war, i. 34, 37n; stitched of Kermán (πλοιάρια ῥαπτά), i. 108, 117n, ii. 415n; on the Kiang, 170, 171, 173n. (_See_ also Ships.) Vial, Paul, French missionary, ii. 63n Vijayanagar, 362n Vikramajit, legend of, ii. 349n Vikrampúr, ii. 99n Villard de Honnecourt, Album of, ii. 164n Vincent of Beauvais, ii. 325n Vincenzo, P., ii. 410n Vineyards, in Taican, i. 153; Kashgar, 181; Khotan, 188; in N. China, ii. 10, 11n, 13, 15n Vinson, Prof., on _Couvade_, ii. 91n Virgin of Cape Comorin, ii. 382n Visconti, Tedaldo, or Tebaldo, _see_ Theobald of Piacenza Vissering, on _Chinese Currency_, i. 428n, 429n Vochan (Unchan, Yungchan), ii. 84, 86, 89n; battle there, 98, 101, 104n–106n Vogels, J., ii. 601n, 602n Vokhan, _see_ Wakhán Volga, called Tigris, i. 5, 7n, 9n, ii. 485n, 488n Vos, Belgian Missionary, i. 249n Vughin, ii. 182 Vuju in Kiangnan, ii. 182 —— in Che-kiang, ii. 219

Wadoe tribe, ii. 420n Wakf, i. 67n Wakhán (Vokhan), dialect, i. 162n, 171, 173n —— Mountains, i. 162n, 175n Wakhjīr Pass, i. 175n, ii. 594n Wakhijrui Pass, _see_ Wakhjīr Pass Wakhsh, branch of the Oxus, ii. 5n Wakhtang II. king of Georgia, i. 53n Walashjird, i. 106n Wallachs, ii. 489n, 491n Wall of Alexander (or Caucasian), i. 50, 53n —— of Gog and Magog (_i.e._ China), _111_, i. 285, 292n Walnut-oil, i. 158, 162n Wami River, ii. 420n _Wang_, Chinese silk, i. 237n, 361n, ii. 113n Wang, king of Djungar, i. 250n Wangchu, _see_ Vanchu Wapila, i. 54n Warangol Ku, ii. 362n Warangs, ii. 490n Warner, Dr., ii. 604n War vessels, Chinese, i. 34, 37n Wassáf, the historian, i. 68n; his character of the Karaunahs, 101n; notices of Hormuz, 120n, 121n; eulogy of Kúblái, 332n; story of Kúblái, 440n; his style, ii. 150n; account of taking of Siang-yang, 150n, 167n; of Kinsay, 213n; Maabar, 333n; horse trade to India, 348n; treatment of them there, 351n; extract from his history, 495n Water, bitter, i. 110, 122n, 194 —— custom of lying in, i. 108, 119n; consecration by Lamas, 309n —— Clock, i. 378n Wathek, Khalif, i. 57n Wa-tzŭ, Lolo slaves, ii. 63n Weather-conjuring, i. 301, 309n–311n Wei dynasty, i. 205n, ii. 437n Weights and measures, ii. 590n–592n Wei-ning, ii. 130n Wei River in Shen-si, ii. 27n, 29n, 35n —— in Shan-tung, ii. 139n Wen River, ii. 139n Wen-chow, ii. 239n Westermarck, _Human Marriage_, ii. 48n, 93n Whale oil, including spermaceti, i. 108, 117n, ii. 407, 408n Whales, ii. 249; in Socotra, 407; Madagascar, 411, 414n; species of Indian Ocean, 408n; sperm (Capdoille), 411, 414n Wheaten bread not eaten, i. 438n; at Yachi, ii. 66, 74n White bears, ii. 479 —— bone, Chinese for Lolos, ii. 63n —— camels, i. 281 —— City, meaning of term among Tartars, i. 297n, ii. 14n —— City, of Manzi frontier, ii. 34n —— Devils, ii. 355, 359n —— Feast at Kúblái’s City, i. 390, 392n —— Horde, ii. 481n —— horses and mares, i. 300, 390; offered to Khan, 308n Whittington and his cat in Persia, i. 65n Wild asses and oxen, _see_ Asses and Oxen William of Tripoli, Friar, i. 22; his writings, 23n, 24n Williams, Dr. S. W., on the Chinese year, i. 388n; on elephants at Peking, 392n Williamson, Rev. A., i. 135n, 217n, ii. 8n, 11n, 12n, 15n, 16n, 137n Wilson, General Sir C., i. 45n Wind, poison (Simúm), i. 108, 120n; monsoons, ii. 264–265 Wine, of the vine, Persians lax in abstaining from, i. 84, 87n, 96n —— boiled, i. 84, 87n, 153n, 155n —— of ancient Kapisa, i. 155n; Khotan, 188; at Taianfu, ii. 13, 16n; imported at Kinsay, 202 —— rice (_Samshu_ or _darásún_), i. 441; and of wheat, ii. 56, 59n; at Yachi, 66, 85; spices, etc., in Caindu, 56; Kien-ch’ang, 59n, 85; Cangigu, 117; Coloman 123; Kinsay, 202, 204, 216 —— Palm (toddy), ii. 292, 297n, 376 —— from sugar, ii. 376, 442 —— date, i. 107, 115n, ii. 292, 297n, 442 —— (unspecified), at Khan’s table, i. 382; not used in Ma’bar, ii. 342; nor by Brahmans, 363 “Winter” used for “rainy season,” ii. 391n Wo-fo-sze, “Monastery of the lying Buddha,” i. 221n Wolves in Pamir, i. 171, 176n Women, Island of, ii. 405n–406n Women, of Kerman, their embroidery, i. 90; mourners, 109; of Khorasan, their beauty, 128; of Badakhshan, 160; Kashmir, 166; Khotan, 191; Kamul, fair and wanton, 210; Tartar good and loyal, 252; Erguiul, pretty creatures, 276; of the town, 414, ii. 202; of Tibet, evil customs, 44; Caindu, 53; Carajan, 66; Zardandan, _couvade_, 85; Anin, 116; Kinsay, charming, 186; respectful treatment of, 204; Kelinfu, beautiful, 225; Zanghibar, frightful, 423 Wonders performed by the Bacsi, i. 314 _et seqq._ Wood, Lieutenant John, Indian Navy, _20_, i. 156n; his elucidations of Polo in Oxus regions, i. 174n Wood-oil, ii. 251n, 252n Wool, Salamander’s, i. 213, 216n Worship of Mahomet (supposed), i. 188, 189n —— of fire, 303; Tartar, 256, 257; Chinese, 456 —— of first object seen in the day, ii. 284, 288n Worshipping the tablets, i. 391, 392n Wu-chau (Vuju), ii. 222n Wukiang-hien (Vughin), ii. 184n Wüsus, or Wesses, people of Russia, ii. 486n Wu-ti, Emperor, ii. 437n Wylie, Alexander, _76_, i. 2n, 8n, 322n, 377n, 451n, 454n, ii. 19n, 28n, 38n, 169n, 184n, 194n, 209n, 212n

_Xanadu_, i. 305n Xavier, at Socotra, ii. 409n Xerxes, i. 135n

Ya-chau, ii. 45n, 48n, 70n Yachi (Yun-nan-fu), city, ii. 66, 67n, 72n, 74n, 80n, 111n _Yadah_, _Jadagari_, _Jadah-tásh_, science and stone of weather-conjurer, i. 309n Yaik River, i. 6n Yájúj, and Májúj, _see_ Gog and Magog Yak (dong), i. 274, 277n; their tails carried to Venice, 274; used in India for military decorations, ii. 355, 359n Ya’kúb Beg of Kasghar, i. 189n Yakuts, i. 309n, 446n, ii. 484n Yalung River, ii. 67n, 69n, 72n Yam, or Yamb (a post-stage or post-house), i. 433, 437n, ii. 213n Yamgán, i. 162n Yang-chau (Yanju), city, i. 29n, 432n, ii. 154n, 173n; Marco’s government there, _22_, ii. 154, 157n Yarbeg of Badakhshan, i. 156n Yarkand (Yarcan), i. 187 _Yarligh_ and _P’aizah_, i. 322n, 352n Yasdi (Yezd), i. 88 —— silk tissue, i. 88 _Yashm_, jade, i. 193n Yasodhara, bride of Sakya Sinha, ii. 323n Yavanas, ii. 372n Yazdashír, i. 92n Ydifu, i. 285, 295n Year, Chinese, i. 388; Mongol and Chinese cycle, 447, 454n Yelimala, _see_ Monté d’Ely Yeliu Chutsai, statesman and astronomer, ii. 17n Yellow, or orthodox Lamas, i. 315n, 324n Yemen, ii. 432n, 433n, 440n, 441n, 445n. (_See_ also Aden.) Yeng-chau (in Shan-tung), ii. 137n, 139n —— (in Che-kiang), ii. 222n Yen-king (Old Peking), i. 375n, 376n Yen-Ping, ii. 230n Yenshan, ii. 224n Yesubuka, ii. 474n Yesudar, ii. 459 Yesugai, father of Chinghiz, i. 237n Yetsina (Etzina), i. 223 Yezd (Yasdi), i. 88; silk fabrics of, ii. 11 Yiu-ki River, ii. 230n Yoritomo, descendants of, ii. 262n Yonting Ho River, ii. 6n Yotkàn, village, i. 190n Youth, Island of, ii. 381n Yrac, province, i. 74 Ysemain of Hiulie, western engineer, ii. 167n Yu, _see_ Jade Yuan Ho, i. 29n Yu-chow, gold and silver mines, i. 295n Yue-chi, i. 174n Yuen, Mongol Imperial dynasty, so styled, i. 29n, 377n Yuen-hao, kingdom of Tangut, i. 282n Yuen ming-yuen, palace, i. 307n Yuen shi, History of Mongol Dynasty in China, i. 115n, 248n, 295n, ii. 95n Yugria, or Yughra, in the Far North, ii. 483n, 485n, 493n Yuh-shan, ii. 222n, 224n Yule, Sir Henry, ii. 602n; on Ravenala, 597n; on Maundeville, 604n Yun-Hien, a Buddhist Abbot, i. 304n Yung-chang fu (Shen-si), i. 276n —— (Yun-nan, Vochan), ii. 84, 89n, 104n, 105n, 107n–109n Yung Lo, Emperor, ii. 596n Yun-nan (Carajan), province, ii. 40n, 45n, 56n, 57n, 59n–62n, 64, 67n, 72n, 80n, 81n, 82n, 90n, 95n, 104n, 107n, 115n, 120n, 124n, 127n–129n; conquerors of, 46n, 80n; Mahomedans, 74n Yun-nan-fu city, _see_ Yachi Yurungkásh (white Jade) River, i. 193n Yusuf Kekfi, i. 85n Yuthia, Ayuthia (Ayodhya), mediæval capital of Siam, _13_, ii. 278n, 279n Yvo of Narbonne, i. 12n

Zabedj, ii. 283n Zaila, ii. 413n, 435n, 436n Zaitúníah, probable origin of satin, ii. 241n Zampa, _see_ Champa Zanghibar (Zangibar, Zanjibar, Zanzibar), ii. 405n, 412, 422, 424n; currents off, 415n; Ivory trade, 423, 424n; its blacks, women, 423, 424n Zanton (Shantung?), _3_ Zanzale, James, or Jacob Baradaeus, Bishop of Edessa, i. 61n Zapharan, monastery near Baghdad, i. 61n Zardandan, or “Gold Teeth,” a people of W. Yun-nan, ii. 84, 98; identity doubtful, 88n; characteristic customs, 90n Zarncke, Fr., i. 139n Zayton, Zaitún, Zeiton, Cayton (T’swan-chau, Chwan-chau, or Chinchew of modern charts), the great mediæval port of China, ii. 175n, 231, 232n–233n, 234, 237n–243n; Khan’s revenue from, 235; porcelain, 235, 242n; language, 236n, 243n–244n; etymology, 237n; mediæval notices, 237 _seqq._; identity, 239n, 240n; Chinchew, a name misapplied, 239n; Christian churches at, 240n, 241n; ships of, 264 Zayton, Andrew, Bishop of, ii. 237n Zebák Valley, i. 165n Zebu, humped oxen, i. 99n Zedoary, ii. 388n Zenghi, i. 61n Zerms (Jerms), ii. 439n Zerumbet, ii. 388n Zettani, ii. 241n Zhafar, _see_ Dhafar Zic (Circassia), ii. 490, 492n Zikas, ii. 228n, 309n, 311n Zimmé, _see_ Kiang-mai Zinc, i. 126n Zinj, Zinjis, ii. 424n, 426n Zobeidah, the lady, i. 156n Zorza, _see_ Chorcha Zu-’lḳarnain (Zulcarniain), “the Two Horned,” an epithet of Alexander, i. 56n, 157, 160n Zurficar (Zúrpica, Zulficar), a Turkish friend of Marco Polo’s, i. 213

Transcriber’s Notes:

- Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). - Text enclosed by equals is in blackletter (=blackletter=). - Text enclosed by ‘|’ is emphasized normal font within an italicized paragraph (|emphasized|). - Blank pages have been removed. - Redundant half-title pages have been removed. - Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. - Names spelling, hyphenation, and diacritics are highly variable, some were standardized when there seemed to be a clear choice. - There are 3 types of footnotes: - Normal, marked as ‘[1]’ and moved after the notes. - Footnotes of footnotes, marked as ‘[A]’ and moved after the normal footnotes. - “Notes”, marked as ‘{1}, located and numbered as they are in the book. - Page and relative size information has been removed from illustrations. - Index has been copied from volume II.