Part 24

The author asked the advice of Monsieur Frederic Masson about these Letters, to which he at once received the courteous reply, "Il faut absolument rejeter les Lettres publiees par Regnault Varin[94] et reproduites par Georgette Ducrest; pas une n'est authentique." No one who has read much of Napoleon's correspondence can in fact believe for a moment in their authenticity. They are interesting, however, as showing the sort of stuff which went to form our grandfathers' fallacies about the relations of Napoleon and Josephine. Madame Ducrest occasionally played and sang for Josephine after the divorce. Her father was a nephew of Madame de Genlis. Madame Ducrest married a musical composer, M. Bochsa, the then celebrated author of _Dansomanie_ and _Noces de Gamache_. He afterwards deserted her, and her voice having completely failed, she was compelled to write her Memoirs to earn sustenance thereby. Of these Memoirs M. Masson has said,[95] that "in the midst of apocryphal documents, uncontroverted anecdotes, impossible situations, are yet to be found some first-hand personal observations."

No. 1.--1796.

FROM GENERAL BONAPARTE TO HIS WIFE.

My first laurel, my love, must be for my country; my second shall be for you. While beating Alvinzi I thought of France; when I had defeated him I thought of you. Your son will present to you a standard which he received from Colonel Morbach, whom he made prisoner with his own hands. Our Eugene, you see, is worthy of his father; and I trust you do not think me an unworthy successor of the great and unfortunate general, under whom 1 should have been proud to learn to conquer. I embrace you.

BONAPARTE.

No. 2.--1804.

TO GENERAL BONAPARTE.

I have read over your letter, my dear, perhaps for the tenth time, and I must confess that the astonishment it caused me has given way only to feelings of regret and alarm. You wish to raise up the throne of France, and that, not for the purpose of seating upon it those whom the Revolution overthrew, but to place yourself upon it. You say, how enterprising, how grand and, above all, useful is this design; but I should say, how many obstacles oppose its execution, what sacrifices will its accomplishment demand, and when realised, how incalculable will be its results? But let us suppose that your object were already attained, would you stop at the foundation of the new empire? That new creation, being opposed by neighbouring states, would stir up war with them and perhaps entail their ruin. Their neighbours, in their turn, will not behold it without alarm or without endeavouring to gratify their revenge by checking it. And at home, how much envy and dissatisfaction will arise; how many plots must be put down, how many conspiracies punished! Kings will despise you as an upstart, subjects will hate you as an usurper, and your equals will denounce you as a tyrant. None will understand the necessity of your elevation; all will attribute it to ambition or pride. You will not want for slaves to crouch beneath your authority until, seconded by some more formidable power, they rise up to oppose you; happy will it be if poison or the poignard!... But how can a wife, a friend dwell on these dreadful anticipations!

This brings my thoughts back to myself, about whom I should care but little were my personal interests alone concerned. But will not the throne inspire you with the wish to contract new alliances? Will you not seek to support your power by new family connections? Alas! whatever those connections may be, will they compensate for those which were first knit by corresponding fitness, and which affection promised to perpetuate? My thoughts linger on the picture which fear--may I say love, traces in the future. Your ambitious project has excited my alarm; console me by the assurance of your moderation.

No. 3.--_December 1809._

TO THE EMPEROR.

My forebodings are realised! You have just pronounced the word which separates us for ever; the rest is nothing more than mere formality. Such, then, is the result, I shall not say of so many sacrifices (they were light to me, since they had you for their object), but of an unbounded friendship on my part and of the most solemn oaths on yours! It would be a consolation for me if the state which you allege as your motive were to repay my sacrifice by justifying your conduct! But that public consideration which you urge as the ground for deserting me is a mere pretence on your part. Your mistaken ambition has ever been, and will continue to be, the guide of all your actions, a guide which has led you to conquests and to the assumption of a crown, and is now driving you on to disasters and to the brink of a precipice.

You speak of the necessity of contracting an alliance, of giving an heir to your empire, of founding a dynasty! But with whom are you about to form an alliance? with the natural enemy of France, that artful house of Austria, whose detestation of our country has its rise in its innate feelings, in its system, in the laws of necessity. Do you believe that this hatred, of which she has given us such abundant proof, more particularly for the last fifty years, has not been transferred by her from the kingdom of France to the French empire? That the children of Maria Theresa, that skilful sovereign, who purchased from Madame de Pompadour the fatal treaty of 1756, which you never mention without shuddering; do you imagine, I repeat, that her posterity, when inheriting her power, has not also inherited her spirit? I am merely repeating what you have so often said to me; but at that time your ambition was satisfied with humbling a power which you now find it convenient to restore to its former rank. Believe me, as long as you shall exercise a sway over Europe, that power will be submissive to you; but beware of reverses of fortune.

As to the necessity of an heir, I must speak out, at the risk of appearing in the character of a mother prejudiced in favour of her son; ought I, in fact, to be silent when I consider the interests of one who is my only delight, and upon whom alone you had built all your hopes? That adoption of the 12th of January 1806 was then another political falsehood! Nevertheless the talents, the virtues of my Eugene are no illusion. How often have you not spoken in his praise? I may say more; you thought it right to reward him by the gift of a throne, and have repeatedly said that he was deserving of greater favours. Well, then! France has frequently re-echoed these praises; but you are now indifferent to the wishes of France.

I say nothing to you at present of the person who is destined to succeed me, and you do not expect that I should make any allusion to this subject. You might suspect the feelings which dictated my language; nevertheless, you can never doubt of the sincerity of my wishes for your happiness; may it at least afford me some consolation for my sufferings. Great indeed will be that happiness if it should ever bear any proportion to them!

No. 4.

PART OF A LETTER SAID TO BE DATED BRIENNE, 1814.

"... On revisiting this spot, where I passed my youthful days, and contrasting the peaceful condition I then enjoyed with the state of terror and agitation to which my mind is now a prey, often have I addressed myself in these words: 'I have sought death in numberless engagements; I can no longer dread its approach; I should now hail it as a boon ... nevertheless, I could still wish to see Josephine once more!'"

No. 5.

TO THE EMPRESS JOSEPHINE, AT MALMAISON.

_Fontainebleau, 16th April 1814_.

_My dear Josephine_,--I wrote to you on the 8th instant (it was on a Friday). You have perhaps not received my letter; fighting was still going on; it is possible that it may have been stopped on its way. The communications must now be re-established. My determination is taken; I have no doubt of this note coming to your hands.

I do not repeat what I have already told you. I then complained of my situation; I now rejoice at it. My mind and attention are relieved from an enormous weight; my downfall is great, but it is at least said to be productive of good.

In my retreat I intend to substitute the pen for the sword. The history of my reign will gratify the cravings of curiosity. Hitherto, I have only been seen in profile; I will now show myself in full to the world. What facts have I not to disclose! how many men are incorrectly estimated! I have heaped favours upon a countless number of wretches; what have they latterly done for me?

They have all betrayed me, one and all, save and except the excellent Eugene, so worthy of you and of me. May he ever enjoy happiness under a sovereign fully competent to appreciate the feelings of nature and of honour!

Adieu, my dear Josephine; follow my example and be resigned. Never dismiss from your recollection one who has never forgotten, and never will forget you! Farewell, Josephine.

NAPOLEON.

_P.S._--I expect to hear from you when I shall have reached the island of Elba. I am far from being in good health.

FOOTNOTES

[94] _Memoires et Correspondance de l'Imperatrice Josephine_, par _J. B. J. Innocert Philadelphe Regnault Varin_. Paris, 1820, 8^o. This book is not in the British Museum Catalogue.

[95] _Josephine Imperatrice et Reine_, Paris, 1899.

INDEX OF PERSONS

_Excluding_ NAPOLEON _and_ JOSEPHINE, _which occur on nearly every page_.

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 49

Abrantes, Mdme. Junot, Duchesse d', 190, 199, 229, 230, 231, 242, 247, 254, 261, 265, 266, 278, 312

Achille. (_See_ Murat)

Agrippina, 312

Ainger, Canon, 298

Albufera, Duke of. (_See_ Suchet)

Aldobrandini, Prince, 149

Alexander the Great, 185

Alison, Sir A. (historian), 74, 119, 255, 264, 272, 286

Alvinzi, Marshal, 30, 34, 35, 218, 221, 318

Amand, Saint, _see_ S. Imbert de (author), 4, 172, 199, 212, 221, 223, 243, 245, 251, 256, 257, 267, 269, 302, 304, 307, 308, 312

Amelia (daughter of Eugene), 313

Angouleme, Duc d', 190, 196, 197

Anhalt, Prince of, 270

Arberg, Mdme. d', 176

Arch-Chancellor. (_See_ Cambaceres)

Argenteau, D', 9

Arnault (author), 212

Artois, Comte d', 196, 197

Aubenas, 172, 200, 201, 216, 225, 226, 228, 241, 257, 259, 260, 297, 299

Audenarde, D', 162, 302 ---- Madame Lalaing, Viscountess d', 302, 307

Augereau, Marshal, 24, 38, 57, 70, 90, 154, 196, 214, 254, 255, 267

Auguie, Mlle. Aglae Louise, 231

Auguste, Princess of Bavaria (then wife of Eugene). (_See_ Beauharnais, Auguste)

Augustus, Emperor, 52, 228

Austria, Emperor of, 186, 197, 218, 223, 240 ---- Empress of, 186

Avrillon, Mlle, d', 82, 174, 225, 233, 256, 297, 299, 302, 305, 311, 312

Baccioli, Eliza (Bonaparte), 63, 122

Baden, Princess Wilhelmina of, 77, 236, 295 ---- Grand Duchess of. (_See_ Beauharnais, Stephanie) ---- Prince of, 242, 243, 245, 270

Bagration, General, 187, 188

Baird, General Sir David, 42, 49, 143

Bajazet, 272

Barante, De (Prefect of Geneva), 309, 310

Barbier (Napoleon's librarian), 307

Barras, Count de, 6, 7, 8, 9, 15, 38, 199, 205, 207, 221, 247, 248

Bathurst, Benj., 154

Bausset (Prefect of Imperial Palace), 267, 269, 273

Bavaria, Elector, then King of, 77, 122, 144, 159, 161, 242, 243, 265, 266, 270, 299 ---- Electress, then Queen of, 70, 161, 243, 265 ---- Prince Royal of, 281

Bayard, Chevalier, 235, 243

Beauharnais, Eugene (Viceroy of Italy), 6, 21, 31, 44, 51, 58, 59, 60, 63, 66, 68, 78, 106, 121, 140, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152, 159, 162, 164, 170, 171, 172, 179, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 197, 216, 224, 228, 229, 234, 242, 243, 244, 254, 256, 264, 265, 266, 276, 277, 282, 286, 287, 290, 297, 299, 305, 308, 310, 311, 312, 313, 318, 320, 321

Beauharnais, Auguste (wife of Eugene), 121, 186, 242, 264, 265, 266, 299 ---- Hortense, 6, 10, 11, 12, 31, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53, 59, 66, 68, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 93, 111, 112, 113, 127, 137, 140, 144, 147, 149, 150, 151, 159, 160, 165, 172, 173, 175, 176, 180, 216, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 235, 237, 244, 247, 254, 259, 261, 262, 263, 268, 269, 288, 289, 296, 300, 308, 313, 314 ---- Stephanie, 78, 80, 82, 84, 85, 86, 89, 242, 243, 244, 254, 271, 295 ---- Fanny (daughter of Count), 243

Beaujon (financier), 302

Beaulieu, General, 6, 7, 10, 11, 38, 204, 205, 208, 209

Becker, General, 81

Bellegarde, General, 49, 195, 197

Bennigsen or Beningsen, General, 90, 188, 193, 254

Bentinck, General, 193

Bentley, 227

Berg, Napoleon Louis, Grand Duke of, 82, 137, 144, 147, 148, 150, 172, 173, 263, 308

Bernadotte, Marshal, 38, 41, 57, 80, 81, 83, 95, 106, 113, 174, 185, 188, 192, 193, 246, 254, 255, 257, 279, 291, 292 ---- Desiree (_nee_ Clary), 38, 246, 313

Berthier, Marshal, 33, 57, 141, 214, 224, 229, 246, 251, 259, 265, 270, 280, 292, 302, 303

Bertrand, General, 259, 287, 288, 290

Bessieres, Marshal, 57, 106, 128, 136, 139, 149, 165, 190, 260, 290, 303

Bignon, Baron (historian), 55, 75, 255, 258, 262

Billington, Mistress, 224

Bingham, Captain D. A., 204, 208, 256

Blake (Field-Marshal and Spanish General), 135, 136, 148, 181

Blucher, Field-Marshal, 83, 192, 193, 194, 195, 246, 250, 278, 291

Bonaparte, Joseph (King of Spain), 21, 38, 77, 128, 143, 150, 187, 191, 196, 199, 200, 201, 228, 237, 258, 265, 266, 273, 296, 305 ---- Louis, 50, 53, 59, 77, 172, 173, 214, 220, 228, 261, 263, 268, 269, 279, 300, 302, 308, 309, 314 ---- Jerome (King of Westphalia), 117 118, 160, 161, 242, 261, 270, 301 ---- Lucien, 228, 229, 230, 247, 253, 265, 266, 297, 314 ---- Caroline. (_See_ Murat, Madame) ---- Eliza. (_See_ Lucca, Princess of)

Bonaparte Family, The, 317. (Appendix 2)

Bonpland, Aime, 226

Borghese, Prince, 99, 115 ---- Pauline, 99, 303

Boubers, Countess de, 308

Bouillet (lexicographer), 74, 248

Bouillon, Duke of, 304

Bourbon, Duchesse de, 302

Bourlier, Bishop of Evreux, 311

Bourrienne, L. de, 30, 31, 61, 155, 226, 228, 229, 230, 237, 239

Boyer (French general, "Pierre le Cruel"), 196

Brizzi, 89

Brock, General, 187

Brotonne, L. de, 190, 238, 260, 310

Browning, Oscar, 47

Bruix, Admiral, 232

Brune, Marshal, 34, 41, 43, 49, 57, 118, 221

Brunswick, Duke of, 245

Brutus, 294

Bulow, General von, 192, 194, 196

Burdett-Coutts, Mr., 218

Burke, Edmund, 38

Buxhowden, General, 72, 90

Byron, Lord, 183, 314

"B----" (probably Bourrienne), 60, 175

Cabarrus, M. de, 248

Cadoudal, Georges (Vendeen chief and conspirator), 57

Caesar, Julius, 232, 281, 286, 293

Calder, Sir Robert, 63

Cambaceres, Arch-Chancellor, 108, 114, 150, 188, 192, 236, 269, 271, 281, 284, 291, 292, 293, 296, 300, 302, 303, 310

Campan, Madame, 191, 242

Caracci, 209

Carnot (member of the Directory and "organiser of victory"), 200, 204, 205, 206, 208, 209, 210, 217, 223

Castanos, General, Duke of Baylen, 136

Cathcart, Lord, 188

Caulaincourt, Duke of Vicenza, 1, 270, 315.

Cesarotti, 199

Chabot, 219

Chabran, 219

Chambry, M., 58

Champagny, De (Duc de Cadore), 153, 262, 270, 271, 292, 298, 302

Championnet, General, 42

Charlemagne, 234, 296

Charles, Archduke, 19, 25, 34, 38, 42, 46, 66, 68, 143, 144, 145, 149, 242, 279, 280, 282, 284, 304

Charles, Prince. (_See_ Charles, Archduke)

Charles XII., 185. (_See_ Sweden, King of)

Chauvet, 7, 199, 200

Chimay, Prince de, 248

Clarke, General, 196, 210, 221, 291, 292

Clary, Desiree. (_See_ Bernadotte, Desiree).

Coburg, Prince of, 270

Cockburn, Admiral, 191

Colburn, 229

Colombier, Mlle. du, 224

Conches, Baron Feuillet de, 13

Constant, 229, 230, 232, 233, 236, 254, 265, 267, 268, 284, 292, 293, 294, 296

Corbineau, Constant (one of three brothers, known as les trois Horaces), 98, 99, 256

Corneille, 241

Cornelia, 312

Cornwallis, Lord, 41

Correggio, 205, 209

Corvisart, Baron, 52, 153, 233, 293, 305, 315

Courland, Duchess of, 270

Crassus, 185

Cretet, Count, 292

Cromwell, Oliver, 298

Czartoriski, Prince, 241

Dahlmann, General, 98, 256

Dantzic, Duke of. (_See_ Lefebvre, Marshal)

Darius, 185

Darmagnac, General, 98

Darmstadt, Prince of, 270

Daru, Count, 256, 257

David, King, 262

Davidowich, Baron (Austrian General), 27, 30

Davoust, Marshal, 44, 57, 69, 80, 81, 84, 89, 143, 187, 246, 247, 255, 282, 292, 293

Decazes, Duke, 269

Decres, Vice-Admiral, Minister of Marine, 225, 254, 256

Delille, Abbe, 190

Desaix, General, 14, 41, 42, 44, 46, 290

Despinois, General, 215

Dessalines ("James I."), of Hayti, 60

Didot, 172

Dietrich, Mdme. de, 240

Don Carlos, Infant, 126

Ducrest, Madame, 311, 317, 318

Duesberg (botanist), 225

Dumas, Matthieu, Count (General and historian), 255, 257, 258

Duphot, General, 38

Dupont, General, 65, 69, 101, 128, 267

Dupuis, 104, 260

Dupuy, 219

Durand, Madame, 301

Duroc, Marshal, 191, 228, 230, 252, 270, 275, 291

Edward, the Black Prince, 222

Elchingen, Duke of. (_See_ Ney, Marshal)

"Eleanore," 252

Enghien, Duc d', 57, 236, 276

England, King George II. of, 43 ---- King George III. of, 43, 46, 64, 70, 218, 223, 238

Esteve (General Treasurer of the Crown), 161

Eugene, Prince of Savoy, 286

Eugenie, Empress, 256 ---- Hortense, Princess, 277

Evreux, Count d', 302

Faipoult, Citizen, 204

Ferdinand, Archduke, 143, 147, 279 ---- Prince of Asturias (afterwards Ferdinand VII.), 118, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 194, 195, 196, 266, 268, 269

Fesch, Cardinal, 302

Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, 41

Fontanes, Marquis de, 302

Fouche (de Nantes, Duke of Otranto), 236, 259, 261, 262, 274, 275, 276, 277, 279, 292, 294, 295, 297, 302, 306

Fox, C. J., 77

Foy, General, 191, 196

Francis II., Emperor of Austria (and Germany), 71, 77, 128, 291, 310, 311

Franck, Doctor, 289

Frederick the Great, 67, 249, 283, 286

Frederick I. (Duke, Elector, and King of Wurtemberg), 238

Frederick William II., 38. (_See_ Prussia, King of)

Frederick William III., 38. (_See_ Prussia, King of)

Friand, General, 185

Fulton, Robert, 235

Gaudin, Duke of Gaeta, 292

Genlis, Mdme. de, 318

George II. (_See_ England, King of)

George III. (_See_ England, King of)

Georges. (_See_ Cadoudal)

Germany, Emperor of. (_See_ Austria, Emperor of)

Gillray, James, 248

Giraudin, Stanislaus, 261

Godoy, Don Manuel, Prince of the Peace, 77, 123, 125

Goethe, J. W. Von, 177, 270

Gohier, Louis (member of the Directory), 43

Graham, Colonel, 35, 192, 214, 215

Gros, Baron (artist), 220, 221

Guesclin, Bertrand du, 235

Hamilton, Lady, 249

Harpe, General La. (_See_ Laharpe, General)

Harville, M. d', 70

Hatzfeld, Princess d', 83, 249

Haugwitz, Count von, 71

Hautpoult, General, 255

Haydn, Joseph, 74, 90

Heath, Baron, 60

Hedouville, General, 42, 92

Henri IV., 296

Hiller, General, 282, 284

Hoche, General Lazare, 34, 38, 209, 218

Hofer, Andreas, 146

Hohenlohe, Prince, 81

Hohenzollern-Hechingen, Prince of, 277

Holland, King of. (_See_ Bonaparte, Louis) ---- Queen of. (_See_ Beauharnais, Hortense)

Homer, 199

Hood, Robin, 39

Humbert, General, 41

Humboldt, Baron von, 226

Hume, Martin, 267

Hutchinson, General, 49

Jacquin, Von (Austrian botanist), 225

Jahn, F. L. (German patriot), 278

Jeanne of France (Queen of Navarre), 304

Jellachich, General, 70, 145

Joan of Arc, 294

John, Archduke, 144, 147, 287, 290, 291 ---- King of France, 222

Johnson, Dr., vi., 208

Jomini, Baron (Swiss strategist), 192, 194, 204, 206, 211, 213, 214, 218

Joseph. (_See_ Bonaparte, Joseph)

Josephine Maximilienne Auguste, 106

Joubert, General, 34, 35, 42, 43, 219, 220

Jouberthon, Madame (wife of Lucien), 266

Jourdan, Marshal, 11, 20, 25,42, 57, 191, 217

Julian, Emperor, 185

Julien, Mlle., 153

Jung, Thomas (or Iung), 228, 230, 251

Junot (Duc d'Abrantes), 9, 10, 42, 118, 128, 200, 212, 230, 231, 241, 261

Kalkreuth, Count (Russian Field-Marshal), 79

Kaunitz, Prince, 71

Keith, Lord, 46

Kellerman, Marshal (Duke of Valmy), 19, 57, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 214, 217

Kellermann, General, 46

Kilmaine, General, 19, 27, 215, 220

King. (_See_ Bonaparte, Joseph), 136

Kipling, R., 129

Kleber, General, 19, 20, 42, 43, 46, 290

Klein, General, 20

Kleist, 192

Kourakin, Alexander, 138, 274

Kray, Baron von (Austrian General), 42, 43, 44, 46

Kutusoff, General (Prince of Smolensk), 188, 189

Labedoyere, Madame, 231

La Bruyere, 20

Lacepede, Count de, 189, 296

La Fontaine, 316

Lagrange (mathematician), 190

La Grassini, 223, 224, 228

Laharpe, General, 10, 200, 210

Lannes, Marshal (Duke of Montebello), 9, 45, 46, 57, 68, 69, 78, 80, 90, 136, 143, 145, 147, 219, 275, 289, 290, 291

Lanusse, General Francois, 219

Larevelliere-Lepeaux (Member of the Directory), 38, 43, 217

Larochefoucauld, Mdme. de, 234, 250

La Romana (Spanish General), 136, 138

Lasalle, General, 149, 291

Las Cases, Count de, 117, 207, 224, 229, 232, 259

Latouche-Treville, Admiral, 235

Latour, Von, Count (Austrian General), 29

Laudon (Austrian General), 65

Lauriston, General, 147, 192, 193, 229, 256, 270

Lavalette, Count de, 220, 221, 276, 299 ---- Madame, 226, 227, 231

Lebrun (statesman, Duke of Placentia), 71, 302 ---- (the poet), 243

Leclerc, General, 50

Lecombe, General, 43

Lefebvre-Desnouettes, General, 139, 275

Lefebvre, Marshal, 57, 111, 112, 135, 145

Lejeune, Baron, 240, 252, 254, 257, 274, 275, 281, 282, 283, 303, 304

Lemarois, General, 67, 239, 256

"Leon," 252

Lestocq, General, 255

Letourneur (Member of the Directory), 198, 201

Leyen, Amelie de la, 305 ---- Princess de la, 171, 308

Liverpool, Lord, 186

Livia (wife of Augustus), 228

Louis, Archduke, 143

Louis XI., 52

Louis XII., 296

Louis XV., 267

Louis XVI., 230

Louis XVIII. (_See_ Angouleme, Duc d')

Lucca, Eliza Bonaparte, Princess of, 265

Lynedoch, Lord. (_See_ Graham, Col.)

L----, Mdme. (_See_ Larochefoucauld, Mdme. de)

Macdonald, Marshal, 41, 42, 145, 147, 150, 192, 196, 287, 292

Mack, General, 41, 64, 66, 239, 246

Macpherson, James, 199

Madison, President, 143, 190

Maelzel, Leonard (German mechanic), 292

Mahmoud IV., 128, 136

Mahomet, 52

Makau, Madame de, 175, 176, 307, 309

Malet, General, 188, 189

"Maman" (Madame Mere, mother of Napoleon), 45, 50, 224, 227

Marbot, Baron, 187, 267, 274, 275, 283, 284, 288, 290, 291

Marchesi (artiste), 224

Marescalchi, 303

Marest, M. de, 213

Maret (Duc de Bassano), 57, 67, 187, 189, 270, 271, 292, 302, 304

Marie Antoinette, 230, 249

Marie Louise, 157, 164, 165, 167, 172, 174, 175, 176, 177, 197, 271, 296, 298, 301, 302, 304, 306, 310, 312, 314, 315

Marie Therese, 284, 285, 320

Marie Victoire, Infanta, 267

Marmont, Marshal, 69, 150, 187, 196, 197, 198, 207, 210, 211, 222, 248, 292, 315

Masaniello, 52

Massena, Marshal (Duke of Rivoli), 24, 28, 34, 35, 38, 42, 43, 44, 46, 57, 66, 68, 69, 71, 77, 144, 174, 180, 200, 205, 213, 215, 220, 221, 223, 238, 282, 290, 292

Masson, M. Frederic, 61, 224, 239, 242, 247, 250, 252, 296, 297, 303, 305, 307, 309, 312, 313, 317, 318

Maximilian, Archduke, 285

Meerfeldt or Meerveldt, Count von, 69, 145

Melas, General, 43, 46, 224

Melito, Count Miot de, 246

Melville, Lord, 277

Menage, Gilles (scholar), 213

Menard, 219

Meneval, Baron de, 229, 232, 237, 239, 244, 246, 254, 255, 264, 283, 289, 295, 296, 297

Menou, General Baron de, 49

Merlin (member of the Directory), 43

Metternich, Prince, 153, 275 ---- Madame de, 300

Michael Angelo, 205

Michaud, L. G., 162, 231, 264, 277

Michelet, Jules (historian), 212

Michot (actor), 229

Miollis, Adjutant-General, 24

Modena, Duke of, 11

Moltke, Von, 271

Moncey, Marshal, 57

Monclas, 26

Monnier, General J. C., 43

Montaigne, Michel de, 315

Montebello, Duke of. (_See_ Lannes, Marshal)

Montebello, Duchess of (La Marechale Lannes), 145, 147, 289

Montesquiou, Madame de, 175

Montgaillard, l'Abbe de (historian), 38, 42, 43, 52, 66, 90, 128, 137, 144, 162, 185, 191, 193, 286

Montholon, Count de, 255

Moore, Sir John, 143, 273, 275, 277

Morbach, Colonel, 318

Moreau, General, 14, 19, 20, 25, 29, 30, 38, 43, 44, 46, 57, 188, 192, 205, 217, 223, 279