Part 30
On Woman's Day, she was chosen to speak at the unveiling of the statue of Sacajawea, the Indian woman who had led Lewis and Clark through the dangerous mountain passes to the Pacific, winning their gratitude and their praise. In the story of Sacajawea who had been overlooked by the government when every man in the Lewis and Clark expedition had been rewarded with a large tract of land, Susan saw the perfect example of man's thoughtless oversight of the valuable services of women. Looking up at the bronze statue of the Indian woman, her papoose on her back and her arm outstretched to the Pacific, Susan said simply, "This is the first statue erected to a woman because of deeds of daring.... This recognition of the assistance rendered by a woman in the discovery of this great section of the country is but the beginning of what is due." Then, with the sunlight playing on her hair and lighting up her face, she appealed to the men of Oregon for the vote. "Next year," she reminded them, "the men of this proud state, made possible by a woman, will decide whether women shall at last have the rights in it which have been denied them so many years. Let men remember the part women have played in its settlement and progress and vote to give them these rights which belong to every citizen."[454]
* * * * *
Reporters were at Susan's door, when she returned to Rochester, for comments on ex-President Cleveland's tirade against clubwomen and woman suffrage in the popular _Ladies' Home Journal_. "Pure fol-de-rol," she told them, adding testily, "I would think that Grover Cleveland was about the last person to talk about the sanctity of the home and woman's sphere." This was good copy for Republican newspapers and they made the most of it, as women throughout the country added their protests to Susan's. A popular jingle of the day ran, "Susan B. Anthony, she took quite a fall out of Grover C."[455]
Susan, however, had something far more important on her mind than fencing with Grover Cleveland--an interview with President Theodore Roosevelt. Here was a man eager to right wrongs, to break monopolies, to see justice done to the Negro, a man who talked of a "square deal" for all, and yet woman suffrage aroused no response in him.
In November 1905, she undertook a trip to Washington for the express purpose of talking with him. The year before, at a White House reception, he had singled her out to stand at his side in the receiving line. She looked for the same friendliness now. Memorandum in hand, she plied him with questions which he carefully evaded, but she would not give up.
"Mr. Roosevelt," she earnestly pleaded, "this is my principle request. It is almost the last request I shall ever make of anybody. Before you leave the Presidential chair recommend to Congress to submit to the Legislatures a Constitutional Amendment which will enfranchise women, and thus take your place in history with Lincoln, the great emancipator. I beg of you not to close your term of office without doing this."[456]
To this he made no response, and trying once more to wring from him some slight indication of sympathy for her cause, she added, "Mr. President, your influence is so great that just one word from you in favor of woman suffrage would give our cause a tremendous impetus."
"The public knows my attitude," he tersely replied. "I recommended it when Governor of New York."
"True," she acknowledged, "but that was a long time ago. Our enemies say that was the opinion of your younger years and that since you have been President you have never uttered one word that could be construed as an endorsement."
"They have no cause to think I have changed my mind," he suavely replied as he bade her good-bye. In the months that followed he gave her no sign that her interview had made the slightest impression.
One of the most satisfying honors bestowed on Susan during these last years was the invitation to be present at Bryn Mawr College in 1902 for the unveiling of a bronze portrait medallion of herself. Bryn Mawr, under its brilliant young president, M. Carey Thomas, herself a pioneer in establishing the highest standards for women's education, showed no such timidity as Vassar where neither Susan nor Elizabeth Cady Stanton had been welcome as speakers. At Bryn Mawr, Susan talked freely and frankly with the students, and best of all, became better acquainted with M. Carey Thomas and her enterprising friend, Mary Garrett of Baltimore, who was using her great wealth for the advancement of women. She longed to channel their abilities to woman suffrage and a few years later arranged for a national convention in their home city, Baltimore, appealing to them to make it an outstanding success.[457]
Arriving in Baltimore in January 1906 for this convention, Susan was the honored guest in Mary Garrett's luxurious home. Frail and ill, she was unable to attend all the sessions, as in the past, but she was present at the highlight of this very successful convention, the College Evening arranged by M. Carey Thomas. With women's colleges still resisting the discussion of woman suffrage and the Association of Collegiate Alumnae refusing to support it, the College Evening marked the first public endorsement of this controversial subject by college women. Up to this time the only encouraging sign had been the formation in 1900 of the College Equal Suffrage League by two young Radcliffe alumnae, Maud Wood Park and Inez Haynes Irwin. Now here, in conservative Baltimore, college presidents and college faculty gave woman suffrage their blessing, and Susan listened happily as distinguished women, one after another, allied themselves to the cause: Dr. Mary E. Woolley, who as president of Mt. Holyoke was developing Mary Lyons' pioneer seminary into a high ranking college; Lucy Salmon, Mary A. Jordan, and Mary W. Calkins of the faculties of Vassar, Smith, and Wellesley; Eva Perry Moore, a trustee of Vassar and president of the Association of Collegiate Alumnae, with whom she dared differ on this subject; Maud Wood Park, representing the younger generation in the College Equal Suffrage League; and last of all, the president of Bryn Mawr, M. Carey Thomas. After expressing her gratitude to the pioneers of this great movement, Miss Thomas turned to Susan and said, "To you, Miss Anthony, belongs by right, as to no other woman in the world's history, the love and gratitude of all women in every country of the civilized globe. We your daughters in spirit, rise up today and call you blessed.... Of such as you were the lines of the poet Yeats written:
'They shall be remembered forever, They shall be alive forever, They shall be speaking forever, The people shall hear them forever.'"[458]
During the thundering applause, Susan came forward to respond, her face alight, and the audience rose. "If any proof were needed of the progress of the cause for which I have worked, it is here tonight," she said simply. "The presence on the stage of these college women, and in the audience of all those college girls who will someday be the nation's greatest strength, tell their story to the world. They give the highest joy and encouragement to me...."[459]
During her visit at the home of Mary Garrett, Susan spoke freely with her and with M. Carey Thomas of the needs of the National American Association, particularly of the Standing Fund of $100,000 of which she had dreamed and which she had started to raise. Now, like an answer to prayer, Mary Garrett and President Thomas, fresh from their successful money-raising campaigns for Johns Hopkins and Bryn Mawr, offered to undertake a similar project for woman suffrage, proposing to raise $60,000--$12,000 a year for the next five years.
"As we sat at her feet day after day between sessions of the convention, listening to what she wanted us to do to help women and asking her questions," recalled M. Carey Thomas in later years, "I realized that she was the greatest person I had ever met. She seemed to me everything that a human being could be--a leader to die for or to live for and follow wherever she led."[460]
Immediately after the convention, Susan went to Washington with the women who were scheduled to speak at the Congressional hearing on woman suffrage. In her room at the Shoreham Hotel, a room with a view of the Washington Monument which the manager always saved for her, she stood at the window looking out over the city as if saying farewell. Then turning to Anna Shaw, she said with emotion, "I think it is the most beautiful monument in the whole world."[461]
That evening she sat quietly through the many tributes offered to her on her eighty-sixth birthday, longing to tell all her friends the gratitude and hope that welled up in her heart. Finally she rose, and standing by Anna Howard Shaw who was presiding, she impulsively put her hand on her shoulder and praised her for her loyal support. Then turning to the other officers, she thanked them for all they had done. "There are others also," she added, "just as true and devoted to the cause--I wish I could name everyone--but with such women consecrating their lives--" She hesitated a moment, and then in her clear rich voice, added with emphasis, "Failure is impossible."[462]
* * * * *
In Rochester, in the home she so dearly loved, she spent her last weeks, thinking of the cause and the women who would carry it on. Longing to talk with Anna Shaw, she sent for her, but Anna, feeling she was needed, came even before a letter could reach her. With Anna at her bedside, Susan was content.
"I want you to give me a promise," she pleaded, reaching for Anna's hand. "Promise me you will keep the presidency of the association as long as you are well enough to do the work."[463]
Deeply moved, Anna replied, "But how can I promise that? I can keep it only as long as others wish me to keep it."
"Promise to make them wish you to keep it," Susan urged. "Just as I wish you to keep it...."
After a moment, she continued, "I do not know anything about what comes to us after this life ends, but ... if I have any conscious knowledge of this world and of what you are doing, I shall not be far away from you; and in times of need I will help you all I can. Who knows? Perhaps I may be able to do more for the Cause after I am gone than while I am here."
A few days later, on March 13, 1906, she passed away, her hand in Anna's.
* * * * *
Asked, a few years before, if she believed that all women in the United States would ever be given the vote, she had replied with assurance, "It will come, but I shall not see it.... It is inevitable. We can no more deny forever the right of self-government to one-half our people than we could keep the Negro forever in bondage. It will not be wrought by the same disrupting forces that freed the slave, but come it will, and I believe within a generation."[464]
[Illustration: Susan B. Anthony, 1905]
She had so longed to see women voting throughout the United States, to see them elected to legislatures and Congress, but for her there had only been the promise of fulfillment in Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, and Idaho, and far away in New Zealand and Australia.
"Failure is impossible" was the rallying cry she left with her "girls" to spur them on in the long discouraging struggle ahead, fourteen more years of campaigning until on August 26, 1920, women were enfranchised throughout the United States by the Nineteenth Amendment.
Even then their work was not finished, for she had looked farther ahead to the time when men and women everywhere, regardless of race, religion, or sex, would enjoy equal rights. Her challenging words, "Failure is impossible," still echo and re-echo through the years, as the crusade for human rights goes forward and men and women together strive to build and preserve a free world.
FOOTNOTES:
[446] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1325.
[447] Shaw, _The Story of a Pioneer_, p. 210.
[448] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1319.
[449] _Ibid._, p. 1336.
[450] Miss Anthony also carefully prepared her scrapbooks, her books, and bound volumes of _The Revolution_, woman's rights and antislavery magazines for presentation to the Library of Congress, inscribing each with a note of explanation.
[451] Ann Anthony Bacon.
[452] _New York Suffrage Newsletter_, Jan., 1905.
[453] _History of Woman Suffrage_, V, p. 122.
[454] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1365. The statue of Sacajawea, presented to the Exposition by the clubwomen of America, was the work of Alice Cooper of Denver. Woman suffrage was again defeated in Oregon in 1906.
[455] Harper, _Anthony_, III, pp. 1357, 1359.
[456] _Ibid._, pp. 1376-1377.
[457] The medallion, the work of Leila Usher of Boston, was commissioned by Mary Garrett.
[458] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1395.
[459] _Ibid._, pp. 1395-1396.
[460] Sept., 1935, Statement, Una R. Winter Collection.
[461] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1409.
[462] _Ibid._
[463] Shaw, _The Story of a Pioneer_, pp. 230-232.
[464] Harper, _Anthony_, III, p. 1259.
NOTES
[Transcriber's Note: All footnotes for the book were located here, on pages 311-326. They have been relocated to immediately follow the chapter where they are referenced.]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MANUSCRIPT COLLECTIONS
American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts: Abby Kelley Foster Papers.
Lucy E. Anthony and Ann Anthony Bacon Papers: Susan B. Anthony Diaries, Letters, and Speeches.
Boston Public Library, Manuscript Division: Antislavery, Garrison, and Higginson Papers.
Matilda Joslyn Gage Collection.
Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery, San Marino, California, Manuscript Division: Ida Husted Harper Collection. Anthony Collection.
Kansas State Historical Society, Topeka, Kansas: Anthony Papers.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Manuscript Division: Susan B. Anthony Papers, including Diaries. Anna E. Dickinson Papers. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers.
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., Rare Book Room: Susan B. Anthony Scrapbooks.
Alma Lutz Collection.
Anna Dann Mason Collection.
Museum of Arts and Sciences, Rochester, New York: Anthony Collection.
New York Public Library, Manuscript Division: Susan B. Anthony Papers. Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers. Elizabeth Smith Miller Papers.
Ohio State Library, Columbus, Ohio: Ohioana Library Collection.
Seneca Falls Historical Society, Seneca Falls, New York: Amelia Bloomer Papers.
Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts: Sophia Smith Collection.
Edna M. Stantial Collection: Blackwell Papers.
Susan B. Anthony Memorial Collection, 17 Madison Street, Rochester, New York.
Radcliffe Women's Archives, Radcliffe College, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
University of California, Bancroft Library, Berkeley, California: Susan B. Anthony Papers. Keith Papers.
University of Kentucky Library, Lexington, Kentucky: Laura Clay Papers.
University of Rochester Library, Rochester, New York: Susan B. Anthony Papers.
Vassar College Library, Poughkeepsie, New York: Elizabeth Cady Stanton Papers. Margaret Stanton Lawrence Papers.
Una R. Winter Collection.
PUBLISHED MATERIAL
Abbott, Mrs. Lyman. _Mrs. Lyman Abbott on Woman Suffrage._ Pamphlet. New York, n.d.
Albree, John (ed.). _Whittier Correspondence from Oakknoll._ Salem, Mass., 1911.
Altrocchi, Julia Cooley. _The Spectacular San Franciscans._ New York, 1949.
_An Account of the Proceedings of the Trial of Susan B. Anthony on the Charge of Illegal Voting._ Rochester, N. Y., 1874.
Ames, Mary Clemmer. _A Memorial of Alice and Phoebe Cary._ New York, 1873.
Andrews, Kenneth. _Nook Farm._ Cambridge, Mass., 1950.
Anthony, Charles L. _Genealogy of the Anthony Family from 1495 to 1904._ Sterling, Ill., 1904.
Anthony, Katharine. _Susan B. Anthony, Her Personal History and Her Era._ New York, 1954.
Anthony, Susan B. "Woman's Half Century of Evolution," _North American Review_, December 1902.
----. "Educating Husbands for the Twentieth Century," _McClure's Syndicate_, 1901.
----. "The Status of Women Past, Present and Future," _The Arena_, May 1897.
----. "Why Some Marriages Are Failures," _McClure's Syndicate_, 1901.
----. "The Wrongs of Man," _McClure's Syndicate_, 1901.
----. "What I Would Have Done with a Bad Husband," _McClure's Syndicate_, 1901.
Armes, Ethel. _Stratford Hall._ Richmond, Va., 1936.
Avery, Rachel Foster (ed.). _National Council of Women_, 1891. Philadelphia, 1891.
Barnes, Gilbert H. _The Antislavery Impulse._ New York, 1933.
Beard, Charles A. and Mary R. _The American Spirit._ New York, 1927.
----. _The Rise of American Civilization._ New York, 1930.
Beard, Charles A. and William. _The American Leviathan._ New York, 1930.
Beecher, Henry Ward. _Woman's Influence in Politics._ Pamphlet. Boston, 1870.
Birney, Catherine H. _The Grimké Sisters._ Boston, 1885.
Blackwell, Alice Stone. _Lucy Stone._ Boston, 1930.
Blackwell, Sarah Ellen. _A Military Genius, Life of Anna Ella Carroll of Maryland._ Washington, D.C., 1891.
Blake, Katherine D., and Wallace, Margaret. _Champion of Women, The Life of Lillie Devereux Blake._ New York, 1943.
Blatch, Harriot Stanton, and Lutz, Alma. _Challenging Years._ New York, 1940.
Bloomer, D. C. _Life and Writings of Amelia Bloomer._ Boston, 1895.
Boas, Louise S. _Elizabeth Barrett Browning._ New York, 1930.
Bowditch, William I. _Woman Suffrage a Right, Not a Privilege._ Pamphlet. Cambridge, Mass., 1879.
Brink, Carol. _Harps in the Wind, The Story of the Singing Hutchinsons._ New York, 1947.
Brockett, Dr. L. F. _Woman: Her Rights, Wrongs, Privileges, and Responsibilities._ Hartford, Conn., 1869.
Brown, Olympia (ed.). _Democratic Ideals, A Memorial Sketch of Clara B. Colby._ Portland, Ore., 1917.
Browne, Junius Henri. _The Great Metropolis, A Mirror of New York._ Hartford, Conn., 1869.
Browne, William B. "Laphams Were Among the First Quakers to Settle Within the Town of Adams." _Transcript_ (North Adams, Mass.), September 6, 1924.
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. _Aurora Leigh._ New York, 1857.
Buckmaster, Henrietta. _Let My People Go._ New York, 1941.
Burnham, Carrie S. _Woman Suffrage, The Argument of Carrie S. Burnham before the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania._ Pamphlet. Philadelphia, 1873.
Calhoun, Lucia Gilbert. "Modern Women and What Is Said of Them." Pamphlet reprinted from _The Saturday Review_. New York, 1868.
Catt, Carrie Chapman, and Shuler, Nettie Rogers. _Woman Suffrage and Politics._ New York, 1923.
Channing, William Henry. _Review of the History of Woman Suffrage._ Pamphlet reprinted in 1881 from the _Inquirer_ (London), November 5, 1881.
Chester, Giraud. _Embattled Maiden, The Life of Anna Dickinson._ New York, 1951.
Claflin, Tennessee. _Constitutional Equality, A Right of Woman._ New York, 1871.
Cole, Arthur Charles. _The Irrepressible Conflict, 1850-1865._ New York, 1934.
Colman, Lucy M. _Reminiscences._ Buffalo, N.Y., 1891.
Croughton, Amy H. _Antislavery Days in Rochester._ Rochester, N.Y., 1936.
Curtis, George William. _Equal Rights for Women._ Pamphlet. Boston, 1869.
Dahlgren, Madeline Vinton. _Thoughts on Female Suffrage and in Vindication of Woman's True Rights._ Pamphlet. Washington, 1871.
Davis, Paulina Wright. _History of the National Woman's Rights Movement for Twenty Years._ New York, 1871.
Debs, Eugene V. "Susan B. Anthony, Pioneer of Freedom," _Pearsons Magazine_, July 1917.
Dictionary of American Biography.
Dorr, Rheta Childe. _Susan B. Anthony, The Woman Who Changed the Mind of a Nation._ New York, 1928.
Douglass, Frederick. _The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass._ Hartford, Conn., 1881.
Duniway, Abigail Scott. _Path Breaking._ Portland, Ore., 1914.
Earhart, Mary. _Frances Willard._ Chicago, 1944.
Ehrlich, Leonard C. _God's Angry Man._ New York, 1941.
_Eminent Women of the Age._ Hartford, Conn., 1869.
Finch, Edith. _Carey Thomas of Bryn Mawr._ New York, 1947.
Garrison, Francis J., William Lloyd II, and Wendell P. _William Lloyd Garrison, 1805-1879._ New York, 1885-1889.
Ginger, Ray. _The Bending Cross, A Biography of Eugene Victor Debs._ New Brunswick, N.J., 1949.
Goodman, Clavia. _Bitter Harvest, Laura Clay's Suffrage Work._ Lexington, Ky., 1946.
Gray, Wood. _The Hidden Civil War._ New York, 1942.
Greeley, Horace. _Recollections of a Busy Life._ New York, 1868.
Greenbie, Marjorie B. _Lincoln's Daughters of Mercy._ New York, 1944.
----. _My Dear Lady, The Story of Anna Ella Carroll._ New York, 1940.
Greenbie, Marjorie B., and Sydney. _Anna Ella Carroll and Abraham Lincoln._ Tampa, Fla., 1952.
Hallowell, Anna Davis. _James and Lucretia Mott._ Boston, 1884.
Hamilton, Gail. "A Call to My Country-Women," _Atlantic Monthly_, March 1863.
Hare, Lloyd C. M. _Lucretia Mott, The Greatest American Woman._ New York, 1937.
Harlow, Ralph V. _Gerrit Smith._ New York, 1939.
Harper, Ida Husted. _The Life and Work of Susan B. Anthony._ Indianapolis, 1898, 1908.
----. _History of Woman Suffrage_, Vols. V and VI. New York, 1922.
Harper, Ida Husted, and Anthony, Susan B. _History of Woman Suffrage_, Vol. IV. Rochester, N.Y., 1902.
Hayek, F. A. _John Stuart Mill and Harriet Taylor._ Chicago, 1951.
Hebard, Grace Raymond. _How Woman Suffrage Came to Wyoming._ Pamphlet. New York, 1940.
Henry, Alice. _The Trade Union Woman._ New York, 1923.
Hibben, Paxton. _Henry Ward Beecher._ New York, 1927.
Higginson, Mary Thatcher (ed.). _Letters and Journals of Thomas Wentworth Higginson._ Boston, 1921.
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth. _Women and the Alphabet._ Boston, 1881.
Hooker, Isabella Beecher. _The Constitutional Rights of Women of the United States._ Washington, 1888.
Howe, Julia Ward. _Reminiscences, 1819-1899._ Boston, 1900.
Hutchinson, John Wallace. _The Story of the Hutchinsons._ Boston, 1896.
_International Woman Suffrage Conference._ Washington, D.C., 1902.
Isely, J. A. _Horace Greeley and the Republican Party, 1853-1861._ Princeton, N.J., 1947.
James, Joseph B. _The Framing of the Fourteenth Amendment._ Urbana, Ill., 1956.
Johns, Helen. "This Is a Day Full of Meaning to Friends of Woman Suffrage," _Public Ledger_ (Philadelphia), Feb. 14, 1920.
Johnson, Oliver. _William Lloyd Garrison and His Times._ Boston, 1879.
Julian, George W. _Political Recollections_, 1840-1872. Chicago, 1884.
Kerr, Laura. _Lady in the Pulpit._ New York, 1951.
Korngold, Ralph. _Two Friends of Man._ Boston, 1950.
Livermore, Mary A. _The Story of My Life._ Hartford, Conn., 1897.
----. _My Story of the War._ Hartford, Conn., 1889.
Lutz, Alma. _Created Equal, A Biography of Elizabeth Cady Stanton._ New York, 1940.
----. _Emma Willard, Daughter of Democracy._ Boston, 1929.
Macy, Jesse. _The Antislavery Crusade._ New Haven, 1920.
Malin, James C. _John Brown and the Legend of Fifty-Six._ Philadelphia, 1942.
Mason, Anna Dann. "The Most Unforgettable Character I've Met," _Genessee Country Scrapbook_, Vol. IV (Rochester, N. Y., 1953).
May, Samuel J. _Some Recollections of the Antislavery Conflict._ Boston, 1869.
Mill, Elizabeth Taylor. _Enfranchisement of Women_, reprinted from the _Westminster and Quarterly Review_, New York, 1868.
Mill, John Stuart. _Autobiography._ London, 1873.
----. _The Social and Political Dependence of Women._ Boston, 1868.
----. _The Subjection of Women._ London, 1869.
----. _Suffrage for Women_ (Speech in British Parliament, May 20, 1867). Pamphlet. Boston, 1869.
_Mormon Women's Protest, An Appeal for Freedom, Justice, and Equal Rights._ Pamphlet. Salt Lake City, Utah, 1886.
McKelvey, Blake. _Rochester, the Flower City, 1855-1890._ Cambridge, Mass., 1949.
----. "Susan B. Anthony," _Rochester History_, April, 1945, Rochester, N. Y.
Nichols, Mrs. C. I. H. _The Responsibilities of Woman._ Pamphlet. 1851.
Nordholf, Charles. "A Tilt at the Woman Question," _Harper's_ Magazine, February 1863.
Norton, Frank H. _Frank Leslie's Historical Register of the U. S. Centennial Exposition, 1876._ New York, 1877.
_Our Famous Women._ Hartford, Conn., 1883.
Pankhurst, Emmeline. _My Own Story._ New York, 1914.
Parker, P. J. M. _Rochester, A Story Historical._ Rochester, N.Y., 1884.
Parker, Theodore. _A Sermon on the Public Function of Women._ Pamphlet. Boston, 1853.
Peck, Mary Gray. _Carrie Chapman Catt._ New York, 1944.
Phillips, Wendell. _Freedom for Woman._ Pamphlet. New York, 1868.
Pillsbury, Parker. _The Acts of the Antislavery Apostles._ Concord, N.H., 1883.
----. _The Mortality of Nations._ Pamphlet. New York, 1867.
_The Place of Women in the Society of Friends._ Pamphlet. Oxford, England, 1910.
Powderly, Terrence V. _The Path I Trod._ New York, 1940.
_Proceedings of the Woman's Rights Convention Held at Syracuse, September 8th, 9th, and 10th, 1852._ Pamphlet.
Quarles, Benjamin. _Frederick Douglass._ Washington, D.C., 1948.
_Report of the International Council of Women, 1888._ Washington, D.C., 1888.
Richards, Caroline Cowles. _Village Life in America._ New York, 1913.
Richardson, Albert D. _Beyond the Mississippi._ Hartford, Conn., 1867.
Robinson, Sara T. D. _Kansas, Its Interior and Exterior._ Lawrence, Kansas, 1899.
Rosenberger, Jesse Leonard. _Rochester, The Making of a University._ Rochester, N.Y., 1927.
Ross, Ishbel. _Angel of the Battlefield._ New York, 1956.
----. _Ladies of the Press._ New York, 1936.
Rourke, Constance. _Trumpets of Jubilee._ New York, 1927.
Sachs, Emanie. _The Terrible Siren._ New York, 1928.