Part 23

1629 (return) [ _i.e._ Athena, who was born ‘on the banks of the river Trito’ (cp. l. 929l)]

1630 (return) [ Restored by Peppmuller. The nineteen following lines from another recension of lines 889-900, 924-9 are quoted by Chrysippus (in Galen).]

1631 (return) [ _sc_. the aegis. Line 929s is probably spurious, since it disagrees with l. 929q and contains a suspicious reference to Athens.]

1701 (return) [ A catalogue of heroines each of whom was introduced with the words E OIE, ‘Or like her’.]

1702 (return) [ An antiquarian writer of Byzantium, c. 490-570 A.D.]

1703 (return) [ Constantine VII. ‘Born in the Porphyry Chamber’, 905-959 A.D.]

1704 (return) [ “Berlin Papyri”, 7497 (left-hand fragment) and “Oxyrhynchus Papyri”, 421 (right-hand fragment). For the restoration see “Class. Quart.” vii. 217-8.]

1705 (return) [ As the price to be given to her father for her: so in _Iliad_ xviii. 593 maidens are called ‘earners of oxen’. Possibly Glaucus, like Aias (fr. 68, ll. 55 ff.), raided the cattle of others.]

1706 (return) [ _i.e._ Glaucus should father the children of others. The curse of Aphrodite on the daughters of Tyndareus (fr. 67) may be compared.]

1707 (return) [ Porphyry, scholar, mathematician, philosopher and historian, lived 233-305 (?) A.D. He was a pupil of the neo-Platonist Plotinus.]

1708 (return) [ Author of a geographical lexicon, produced after 400 A.D., and abridged under Justinian.]

1709 (return) [ Archbishop of Thessalonica 1175-1192 (?) A.D., author of commentaries on Pindar and on the _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_.]

1710 (return) [ In the earliest times a loin-cloth was worn by athletes, but was discarded after the 14th Olympiad.]

1711 (return) [ Slight remains of five lines precede line 1 in the original: after line 20 an unknown number of lines have been lost, and traces of a verse preceding line 21 are here omitted. Between lines 29 and 30 are fragments of six verses which do not suggest any definite restoration. (NOTE: Line enumeration is that according to Evelyn-White; a slightly different line numbering system is adopted in the original publication of this fragment.—DBK)]

1712 (return) [ The end of Schoeneus’ speech, the preparations and the beginning of the race are lost.]

1713 (return) [ Of the three which Aphrodite gave him to enable him to overcome Atalanta.]

1714 (return) [ The geographer; fl. c.24 B.C.]

1715 (return) [ Of Miletus, flourished about 520 B.C. His work, a mixture of history and geography, was used by Herodotus.]

1716 (return) [ The Hesiodic story of the daughters of Proetus can be reconstructed from these sources. They were sought in marriage by all the Greeks (Pauhellenes), but having offended Dionysus (or, according to Servius, Juno), were afflicted with a disease which destroyed their beauty (or were turned into cows). They were finally healed by Melampus.]

1717 (return) [ Fl. 56-88 A.D.: he is best known for his work on Vergil.]

1718 (return) [ This and the following fragment segment are meant to be read together.—DBK.]

1719 (return) [ This fragment as well as fragments #40A, #101, and #102 were added by Mr. Evelyn-White in an appendix to the second edition (1919). They are here moved to the _Catalogues_ proper for easier use by the reader.—DBK.]

1720 (return) [ For the restoration of ll. 1-16 see “Ox. Pap.” pt. xi. pp. 46-7: the supplements of ll. 17-31 are by the Translator (cp. “Class. Quart.” x. (1916), pp. 65-67).]

1721 (return) [ The crocus was to attract Europa, as in the very similar story of Persephone: cp. _Homeric Hymns_ ii. lines 8 ff.]

1722 (return) [ Apollodorus of Athens (fl. 144 B.C.) was a pupil of Aristarchus. He wrote a Handbook of Mythology, from which the extant work bearing his name is derived.]

1723 (return) [ Priest at Praeneste. He lived c. 170-230 A.D.]

1724 (return) [ Son of Apollonius Dyscolus, lived in Rome under Marcus Aurelius. His chief work was on accentuation.]

1725 (return) [ This and the next two fragment segments are meant to be read together.—DBK.]

1726 (return) [ Sacred to Poseidon. For the custom observed there, cp. _Homeric Hymns_ iii. 231 ff.]

1727 (return) [ The allusion is obscure.]

1728 (return) [ Apollonius ‘the Crabbed’ was a grammarian of Alexandria under Hadrian. He wrote largely on Grammar and Syntax.]

1729 (return) [ 275-195 (?) B.C., mathematician, astronomer, scholar, and head of the Library of Alexandria.]

1730 (return) [ Of Cyme. He wrote a universal history covering the period between the Dorian Migration and 340 B.C.]

1731 (return) [ _i.e._ the nomad Scythians, who are described by Herodotus as feeding on mares’ milk and living in caravans.]

1732 (return) [ The restorations are mainly those adopted or suggested in “Ox. Pap.” pt. xi. pp. 48 ff.: for those of ll. 8-14 see “Class. Quart.” x. (1916) pp. 67-69.]

1733 (return) [ _i.e._ those who seek to outwit the oracle, or to ask of it more than they ought, will be deceived by it and be led to ruin: cp. _Hymn to Hermes_, 541 ff.]

1734 (return) [ Zetes and Calais, sons of Boreas, who were amongst the Argonauts, delivered Phineus from the Harpies. The Strophades (‘Islands of Turning’) are here supposed to have been so called because the sons of Boreas were there turned back by Iris from pursuing the Harpies.]

1735 (return) [ An Epicurean philosopher, fl. 50 B.C.]

1736 (return) [ ‘Charming-with-her-voice’ (or ‘Charming-the-mind’), ‘Song’, and ‘Lovely-sounding’.]

1737 (return) [ Diodorus Siculus, fl. 8 B.C., author of an universal history ending with Caesar’s Gallic Wars.]

1738 (return) [ The first epic in the “Trojan Cycle”; like all ancient epics it was ascribed to Homer, but also, with more probability, to Stasinus of Cyprus.]

1739 (return) [ This fragment is placed by Spohn after _Works and Days_ l. 120.]

1740 (return) [ A Greek of Asia Minor, author of the “Description of Greece” (on which he was still engaged in 173 A.D.).]

1741 (return) [ Wilamowitz thinks one or other of these citations belongs to the Catalogue.]

1742 (return) [ Lines 1-51 are from Berlin Papyri, 9739; lines 52-106 with B. 1-50 (and following fragments) are from Berlin Papyri, 10560. A reference by Pausanias (iii. 24. 10) to ll. 100 ff. proves that the two fragments together come from the _Catalogue of Women_. The second book (the beginning of which is indicated after l. 106) can hardly be the second book of the _Catalogues_ proper: possibly it should be assigned to the EOIAI, which were sometimes treated as part of the _Catalogues_, and sometimes separated from it. The remains of thirty-seven lines following B. 50 in the Papyrus are too slight to admit of restoration.]

1743 (return) [ sc. the Suitor whose name is lost.]

1744 (return) [ Wooing was by proxy; so Agamemnon wooed Helen for his brother Menelaus (ll. 14-15), and Idomeneus, who came in person and sent no deputy, is specially mentioned as an exception, and the reasons for this—if the restoration printed in the text be right—is stated (ll. 69 ff.).]

1745 (return) [ The Papyrus here marks the beginning of a second book possibly of the _Eoiae_. The passage (ll. 2-50) probably led up to an account of the Trojan (and Theban?) war, in which, according to _Works and Days_ ll. 161-166, the Race of Heroes perished. The opening of the _Cypria_ is somewhat similar. Somewhere in the fragmentary lines 13-19 a son of Zeus—almost certainly Apollo—was introduced, though for what purpose is not clear. With l. 31 the destruction of man (cp. ll. 4-5) by storms which spoil his crops begins: the remaining verses are parenthetical, describing the snake “which bears its young in the spring season”.]

1746 (return) [ _i.e._ the snake; as in _Works and Days_ l. 524, the “Boneless One” is the cuttle-fish.]

1747 (return) [ c. 1110-1180 A.D. His chief work was a poem, “Chiliades”, in accentual verse of nearly 13,000 lines.]

1748 (return) [ According to this account Iphigeneia was carried by Artemis to the Taurie Chersonnese (the Crimea). The Tauri (Herodotus iv. 103) identified their maiden-goddess with Iphigeneia; but Euripides (_Iphigeneia in Tauris_) makes her merely priestess of the goddess.]

1749 (return) [ Of Alexandria. He lived in the 5th century, and compiled a Greek Lexicon.]

1750 (return) [ For his murder Minos exacted a yearly tribute of boys and girls, to be devoured by the Minotaur, from the Athenians.]

1751 (return) [ Of Naucratis. His “Deipnosophistae” (“Dons at Dinner”) is an encyclopaedia of miscellaneous topics in the form of a dialogue. His date is c. 230 A.D.]

1752 (return) [ There is a fancied connection between LAAS (‘stone’) and LAOS (‘people’). The reference is to the stones which Deucalion and Pyrrha transformed into men and women after the Flood.]

1753 (return) [ Eustathius identifies Ileus with Oileus, father of Aias. Here again is fanciful etymology, ILEUS being similar to ILEOS (complaisant, gracious).]

1754 (return) [ Imitated by Vergil, “Aeneid” vii. 808, describing Camilla.]

1755 (return) [ c. 600 A.D., a lecturer and grammarian of Constantinople.]

1756 (return) [ Priest of Apollo, and, according to Homer, discoverer of wine. Maronea in Thrace is said to have been called after him.]

1757 (return) [ The crow was originally white, but was turned black by Apollo in his anger at the news brought by the bird.]

1758 (return) [ A philosopher of Athens under Hadrian and Antonius. He became a Christian and wrote a defence of the Christians addressed to Antoninus Pius.]

1759 (return) [ Zeus slew Asclepus (fr. 90) because of his success as a healer, and Apollo in revenge killed the Cyclopes (fr. 64). In punishment Apollo was forced to serve Admetus as herdsman. (Cp. Euripides, _Alcestis_, 1-8)]

1760 (return) [ For Cyrene and Aristaeus, cp. Vergil, _Georgics_, iv. 315 ff.]

1761 (return) [ A writer on mythology of uncertain date.]

1762 (return) [ In Epirus. The oracle was first consulted by Deucalion and Pyrrha after the Flood. Later writers say that the god responded in the rustling of leaves in the oaks for which the place was famous.]

1763 (return) [ The fragment is part of a leaf from a papyrus book of the 4th century A.D.]

1764 (return) [ According to Homer and later writers Meleager wasted away when his mother Althea burned the brand on which his life depended, because he had slain her brothers in the dispute for the hide of the Calydonian boar. (Cp. Bacchylides, “Ode” v. 136 ff.)]

1765 (return) [ The fragment probably belongs to the _Catalogues_ proper rather than to the Eoiae; but, as its position is uncertain, it may conveniently be associated with Frags. 99A and the _Shield of Heracles_.]

1766 (return) [ Most of the smaller restorations appear in the original publication, but the larger are new: these last are highly conjectual, there being no definite clue to the general sense.]

1767 (return) [ Alcmaon (who took part in the second of the two heroic Theban expeditions) is perhaps mentioned only incidentally as the son of Amphiaraus, who seems to be clearly indicated in ll. 7-8, and whose story occupies ll. 5-10. At l. 11 the subject changes and Electryon is introduced as father of Alcmena.]

1768 (return) [ The association of ll. 1-16 with ll. 17-24 is presumed from the apparent mention of Erichthonius in l. 19. A new section must then begin at l. 21. See “Ox. Pap.” pt. xi. p. 55 (and for restoration of ll. 5-16, ib. p. 53). ll. 19-20 are restored by the Translator.]

1801 (return) [ A mountain peak near Thebes which took its name from the Sphinx (called in _Theogony_ l. 326 PHIX).]

1802 (return) [ Cyanus was a glass-paste of deep blue colour: the ‘zones’ were concentric bands in which were the scenes described by the poet. The figure of Fear (l. 44) occupied the centre of the shield, and Oceanus (l. 314) enclosed the whole.]

1803 (return) [ ‘She who drives herds,’ _i.e._ ‘The Victorious’, since herds were the chief spoil gained by the victor in ancient warfare.]

1804 (return) [ The cap of darkness which made its wearer invisible.]

1805 (return) [ The existing text of the vineyard scene is a compound of two different versions, clumsily adapted, and eked out with some makeshift additions.]

1806 (return) [ The conception is similar to that of the sculptured group at Athens of Two Lions devouring a Bull (Dickens, _Cat. of the Acropolis Museum_, No. 3).]

1901 (return) [ A Greek sophist who taught rhetoric at Rome in the time of Hadrian. He is the author of a collection of proverbs in three books.]

2001 (return) [ When Heracles prayed that a son might be born to Telamon and Eriboea, Zeus sent forth an eagle in token that the prayer would be granted. Heracles then bade the parents call their son Aias after the eagle (_aietos_).]

2002 (return) [ Oenomaus, king of Pisa in Elis, warned by an oracle that he should be killed by his son-in-law, offered his daughter Hippodamia to the man who could defeat him in a chariot race, on condition that the defeated suitors should be slain by him. Ultimately Pelops, through the treachery of the charioteer of Oenomaus, became victorious.]

2003 (return) [ sc. to Scythia.]

2004 (return) [ In the Homeric _Hymn to Hermes_ Battus almost disappears from the story, and a somewhat different account of the stealing of the cattle is given.]

2101 (return) [ sc. Colophon. Proclus in his abstract of the _Returns_ (sc. of the heroes from Troy) says Calchas and his party were present at the death of Teiresias at Colophon, perhaps indicating another version of this story.]

2102 (return) [ ll. 1-2 are quoted by Athenaeus, ii. p. 40; ll. 3-4 by Clement of Alexandria, _Stromateis_ vi. 2. 26. Buttman saw that the two fragments should be joined. (NOTE: These two fragments should be read together.—DBK)]

2201 (return) [ sc. the golden fleece of the ram which carried Phrixus and Helle away from Athamas and Ino. When he reached Colchis Phrixus sacrificed the ram to Zeus.]

2202 (return) [ Euboea properly means the ‘Island of fine Cattle (or Cows)’.]

2301 (return) [ This and the following fragment are meant to be read together.—DBK]

2302 (return) [ cp. Hesiod _Theogony_ 81 ff. But Theognis 169, ‘Whomso the god honour, even a man inclined to blame praiseth him’, is much nearer.]

2401 (return) [ Cf. Scholion on Clement, “Protrept.” i. p. 302.]

2402 (return) [ This line may once have been read in the text of _Works and Days_ after l. 771.]

2501 (return) [ ll. 1-9 are preserved by Diodorus Siculus iii. 66. 3; ll. 10-21 are extant only in M.]

2502 (return) [ Dionysus, after his untimely birth from Semele, was sewn into the thigh of Zeus.]

2503 (return) [ _sc_. Semele. Zeus is here speaking.]

2504 (return) [ The reference is apparently to something in the body of the hymn, now lost.]

2505 (return) [ The Greeks feared to name Pluto directly and mentioned him by one of many descriptive titles, such as ‘Host of Many’: compare the Christian use of O DIABOLOS or our ‘Evil One’.]

2506 (return) [ Demeter chooses the lowlier seat, supposedly as being more suitable to her assumed condition, but really because in her sorrow she refuses all comforts.]

2507 (return) [ An act of communion—the drinking of the potion here described—was one of the most important pieces of ritual in the Eleusinian mysteries, as commemorating the sorrows of the goddess.]

2508 (return) [ Undercutter and Woodcutter are probably popular names (after the style of Hesiod’s ‘Boneless One’) for the worm thought to be the cause of teething and toothache.]

2509 (return) [ The list of names is taken—with five additions—from Hesiod, _Theogony_ 349 ff.: for their general significance see note on that passage.]

2510 (return) [ Inscriptions show that there was a temple of Apollo Delphinius (cp. ii. 495-6) at Cnossus and a Cretan month bearing the same name.]

2511 (return) [ sc. that the dolphin was really Apollo.]

2512 (return) [ The epithets are transferred from the god to his altar ‘Overlooking’ is especially an epithet of Zeus, as in Apollonius Rhodius ii. 1124.]

2513 (return) [ Pliny notices the efficacy of the flesh of a tortoise against withcraft. In _Geoponica_ i. 14. 8 the living tortoise is prescribed as a charm to preserve vineyards from hail.]

2514 (return) [ Hermes makes the cattle walk backwards way, so that they seem to be going towards the meadow instead of leaving it (cp. l. 345); he himself walks in the normal manner, relying on his sandals as a disguise.]

2515 (return) [ Such seems to be the meaning indicated by the context, though the verb is taken by Allen and Sikes to mean, ‘to be like oneself’, and so ‘to be original’.]

2516 (return) [ Kuhn points out that there is a lacuna here. In l. 109 the borer is described, but the friction of this upon the fireblock (to which the phrase ‘held firmly’ clearly belongs) must also have been mentioned.]

2517 (return) [ The cows being on their sides on the ground, Hermes bends their heads back towards their flanks and so can reach their backbones.]

2518 (return) [ O. Muller thinks the ‘hides’ were a stalactite formation in the ‘Cave of Nestor’ near Messenian Pylos,—though the cave of Hermes is near the Alpheus (l. 139). Others suggest that actual skins were shown as relics before some cave near Triphylian Pylos.]

2519 (return) [ Gemoll explains that Hermes, having offered all the meat as sacrifice to the Twelve Gods, remembers that he himself as one of them must be content with the savour instead of the substance of the sacrifice. Can it be that by eating he would have forfeited the position he claimed as one of the Twelve Gods?]

2520 (return) [ _Lit_. “thorn-plucker”.]

2521 (return) [ Hermes is ambitious (l. 175), but if he is cast into Hades he will have to be content with the leadership of mere babies like himself, since those in Hades retain the state of growth—whether childhood or manhood—in which they are at the moment of leaving the upper world.]

2522 (return) [ Literally, ‘you have made him sit on the floor’, _i.e._ ‘you have stolen everything down to his last chair.’]

2523 (return) [ The Thriae, who practised divination by means of pebbles (also called THRIAE). In this hymn they are represented as aged maidens (ll. 553-4), but are closely associated with bees (ll. 559-563) and possibly are here conceived as having human heads and breasts with the bodies and wings of bees. See the edition of Allen and Sikes, Appendix III.]

2524 (return) [ Cronos swallowed each of his children the moment that they were born, but ultimately was forced to disgorge them. Hestia, being the first to be swallowed, was the last to be disgorged, and so was at once the first and latest born of the children of Cronos. Cp. Hesiod _Theogony_, ll. 495-7.]

2525 (return) [ Mr. Evelyn-White prefers a different order for lines #87-90 than that preserved in the MSS. This translation is based upon the following sequence: ll. 89,90,87,88.—DBK.]

2526 (return) [ ‘Cattle-earning’, because an accepted suitor paid for his bride in cattle.]

2527 (return) [ The name Aeneas is here connected with the epithet AIEOS (awful): similarly the name Odysseus is derived (in _Odyssey_ i.62) from ODYSSMAI (I grieve).]

2528 (return) [ Aphrodite extenuates her disgrace by claiming that the race of Anchises is almost divine, as is shown in the persons of Ganymedes and Tithonus.]

2529 (return) [ So Christ connecting the word with OMOS. L. and S. give = OMOIOS, ‘common to all’.]

2530 (return) [ Probably not Etruscans, but the non-Hellenic peoples of Thrace and (according to Thucydides) of Lemnos and Athens. Cp. Herodotus i. 57; Thucydides iv. 109.]

2531 (return) [ This line appears to be an alternative to ll. 10-11.]

2532 (return) [ The name Pan is here derived from PANTES, ‘all’. Cp. Hesiod, _Works and Days_ ll. 80-82, _Hymn to Aphrodite_ (v) l. 198. for the significance of personal names.]

2533 (return) [ Mr. Evelyn-White prefers to switch l. 10 and 11, reading 11 first then 10.—DBK.]

2534 (return) [ An extra line is inserted in some MSS. after l. 15.— DBK.]

2535 (return) [ The epithet is a usual one for birds, cp. Hesiod, _Works and Days_, l. 210; as applied to Selene it may merely indicate her passage, like a bird, through the air, or mean ‘far flying’.]

2601 (return) [ The _Epigrams_ are preserved in the pseudo-Herodotean _Life of Homer_. Nos. III, XIII, and XVII are also found in the _Contest of Homer and Hesiod_, and No. I is also extant at the end of some MSS. of the _Homeric Hymns_.]

2602 (return) [ sc. from Smyrna, Homer’s reputed birth-place.]

2603 (return) [ The councillors at Cyme who refused to support Homer at the public expense.]

2604 (return) [ The ‘better fruit’ is apparently the iron smelted out in fires of pine-wood.]

2605 (return) [ Hecate: cp. Hesiod, _Theogony_, l. 450.]

2606 (return) [ _i.e._ in protection.]

2607 (return) [ This song is called by pseudo-Herodotus EIRESIONE. The word properly indicates a garland wound with wool which was worn at harvest-festivals, but came to be applied first to the harvest song and then to any begging song. The present is akin the Swallow-Song (XELIDONISMA), sung at the beginning of spring, and answered to the still surviving English May-Day songs. Cp. Athenaeus, viii. 360 B.]

2608 (return) [ The lice which they caught in their clothes they left behind, but carried home in their clothes those which they could not catch.]

2701 (return) [ See the cylix reproduced by Gerhard, _Abhandlungen_, taf. 5,4. Cp. Stesichorus, Frag. 3 (Smyth).]

2801 (return) [ The haunch was regarded as a dishonourable portion.]

2802 (return) [ The horse of Adrastus, offspring of Poseidon and Demeter, who had changed herself into a mare to escape Poseidon.]

2803 (return) [ Restored from Pindar Ol. vi. 15 who, according to Asclepiades, derives the passage from the _Thebais_.]

2901 (return) [ So called from Teumessus, a hill in Boeotia. For the derivation of Teumessus cp. Antimachus _Thebais_ fr. 3 (Kinkel).]

3001 (return) [ The preceding part of the Epic Cycle (?).]

3002 (return) [ While the Greeks were sacrificing at Aulis, a serpent appeared and devoured eight young birds from their nest and lastly the mother of the brood. This was interpreted by Calchas to mean that the war would swallow up nine full years. Cp. _Iliad_ ii, 299 ff.]

3003 (return) [ _i.e._ Stasinus (or Hegesias: cp. fr. 6): the phrase ‘Cyprian histories’ is equivalent to “The Cypria”.]

3004 (return) [ Cp. Allen “C.R.” xxvii. 190.]

3005 (return) [ These two lines possibly belong to the account of the feast given by Agamemnon at Lemnos.]

3006 (return) [ sc. the Asiatic Thebes at the foot of Mt. Placius.]

3101 (return) [ sc. after cremation.]

3102 (return) [ This fragment comes from a version of the _Contest of Homer and Hesiod_ widely different from that now extant. The words ‘as Lesches gives them (says)’ seem to indicate that the verse and a half assigned to Homer came from the _Little Iliad_. It is possible they may have introduced some unusually striking incident, such as the actual Fall of Troy.]

3103 (return) [ _i.e._ in the paintings by Polygnotus at Delphi.]

3104 (return) [ _i.e._ the dead bodies in the picture.]

3105 (return) [ According to this version Aeneas was taken to Pharsalia. Better known are the Homeric account (according to which Aeneas founded a new dynasty at Troy), and the legends which make him seek a new home in Italy.]

3201 (return) [ sc. knowledge of both surgery and of drugs.]

3301 (return) [ Clement attributes this line to Augias: probably Agias is intended.]