Chapter III

.). It seems to us radically false as regards _duration_.]

[Footnote 102: Aristotle, _De anima_, 430 a 14 [Greek: kai hestin ho men toioutos nous tô pynta ginesthai, ho de tô panta poiein, ôs hexis tis, oion to phôs. tropon gar tina ka to phôs poiei ta dynamei onta chrômata energeia chrômata].]

[Footnote 103: _De caelo_, ii. 287 a 12 [Greek: tês eschatês periphoras oute kenon estin exôthen oute topos.] _Phys._ iv. 212 a 34 [Greek: to de pan esti men hôs kinêsetai hesti d' hôs ou. hôs men gar holon, hama ton topon hou metaballei. kyklô de kinêsetai, tôn moriôn gar outos ho topos].]

[Footnote 104: _De caelo_, i. 279 a 12 [Greek: oude chronos hestin hexô tou ouranou]. _Phys._ viii. 251 b 27 [Greek: ho chronos pathos ti kinêseôs].]

[Footnote 105: Especially have we left almost entirely on one side those admirable but somewhat fugitive intuitions that Plotinus was later to seize, to study and to fix.]

[Footnote 106: See page 10.]

[Footnote 107: Descartes, _Principes_, ii. § 29.]

[Footnote 108: Descartes, _Principes_, ii. §§ 36 ff.]

[Footnote 109: In a course of lectures on Plotinus, given at the Collège de France in 1897-1898, we tried to bring out these resemblances. They are numerous and impressive. The analogy is continued even in the formulae employed on each side.]

[Footnote 110: "Le Paralogisme psycho-physiologique" (_Revue de métaphysique et de morale_, Nov. 1904, pp. 895-908). Cf. _Matière et mémoire_, Paris, 1896, chap. i.]

INDEX

(Compiled by the Translator)

Abolition of everything a self-contradiction, 280, 283, 296, 298 idea of, 279, 282, 283, 295, 296. _See_ Nought

Absence of order, 231, 234, 274. _See_ Disorder

Absolute and freedom, 277 reality, 99, 228-9, 269, 358, 361 reality of the person, 269 time and the, 239, 240, 298, 340, 344

Absoluteness of duration, 206 of understanding, xi, 47, 152, 190, 197, 199

Abstract becoming, 304-7 multiplicity, 257-9 time, 9, 17, 20-2, 37, 39, 46, 51, 163, 318-9, 336, 352-3

Accident and essence in Aristotle's philosophy, 353 in evolution, 86-7, 104, 114-5, 127, 169, 170, 252, 254-5, 266, 267, 326-7

Accidental variations, 55, 63, 68, 69, 74, 85-6, 168

Accumulation of energy, function of vegetable organisms, 253, 255

Achilles and tortoise, in Zeno, 311, 312-3

Acquired characters, inheritance of, 76-9, 83-4, 87, 169, 170, 173, 231

Act, consciousness as inadequacy of, to representation, 144 form (or essence), quality, three classes of representation, 302-3

## Action, creativeness of free, 192, 247

and concepts, 160, 297 and consciousness, xiii, 5, 143-4, 145, 179-80, 207, 262 discontinuity of, 154, 307 freedom of, in animals, 130 as function of nervous system, 262-3 indivisibility of, 94, 95, 308-9 and inert matter, 96, 136, 141-2, 156, 187, 198, 226, 366 instinct and, 136, 141 instrument of, consciousness, 180 instrument of, life, 162 instrument of matter, 161, 198-9 as instrument of consciousness, 180 and intellect. _See_ Intellect and action intensity of consciousness varies with ratio of possible, to real, 145 meaning of, 301-3 moves from want to fulness, 297, 298 organism a machine for, 252, 254, 300 and perception, 5, 11, 12, 93, 188, 189, 206, 227-30, 300, 307, 368 possible, 12, 13, 96, 144, 145, 146-7, 159, 165, 179-81, 188, 264 and science, 93, 195-6, 198-9, 329-30 and space, 203 sphere of the intellect, 155 tension in a free, 200, 207, 238, 240, 301-2

## Activity, dissatisfaction the starting-point of, 297

of instinct, continuous with vital process, 139, 140 life as, 128-9, 247 mutually inverse factors in vital, 248 and nervous system, 110, 130, 132-3, 134-5, 180, 252, 261-3 organism as, 174 potential. _See_ Action, possible tension of free, 200, 202, 207-8, 223-4, 237, 239, 300-1 and torpor in evolution, 109, 111, 113, 114, 119-20, 129-30, 135-6, 181, 292 vital, has evolved divergently, 134 _See_ Divergent lines of evolution

Adaptation, 50-1, 55, 57-8, 59, 70, 101, 129, 133, 192, 255, 270, 305-6 and causation, 102 mutual, between materiality and intellectuality, 187, 206-7 and progress, 101-2

Adequate and inadequate in Spinoza, 353

Adjectives, substantives and verbs, 303-4, 315

Aesthetics and philosophy, 177

Affection, Role of, in the idea of chance, 234 in the idea of nought, 281-3, 289, 293, 295, 296 in negation, 286-7

Affirmation and negation, 285-6, 293

Age and individuality, 15-6

Albuminoid substances, 121-2

Alciope, 96

Alexandrian philosophy, 322, 323

Algae in illustration of probable consciousness in vegetable forms, 112

Alimentation, 113-4, 117, 247

Allegory of the Cave, 191

Alternations of increase and decrease of mutability of the universe, 245-6

Alveolar froth, 33-4

Ambiguity of the idea of "generality" in philosophy, 230-1, 320-1 of primitive organisms, 99, 112, 113, 129-30

Ammophila hirsuta, paralyzing instinct in, 173

Amoeba, in illustration of imitation of the living by the unorganized, 33-6 in illustration of the ambiguity of primitive organisms, 99 in illustration of the mobility characteristic of animals, 108 in illustration of the "explosive" expenditure of energy characteristic of animals, 120, 253

Anagenesis, 34

Anarchy, idea of, 233, 234. _See_ Disorder

Anatomy, comparative, and transformism, 25

Ancient philosophy, Achilles and tortoise, 311-2 Alexandrian philosophy, 322-3 Allegory of the Cave, 191 Anima (De), 322 _note_ Apogee of sensible object, 344, 345, 349 Archimedes, 343-4 Aristotle, 135, 174-5, 227-8, 314, 316, 321, 323, 324, 328-33, 347, 349, 353, 356, 370 Arrow of Zeno, 308-13 ascent toward God, in Aristotle, 323 Astronomy, ancient and modern, 334-6 attraction and impulsion in, 323-4 becoming in, 313-4, 317 bow and indivisibility of motion, 308-9 Caelo (De), of Aristotle, 322 _note_, 324 _note_ and Cartesian geometry, 334-5 causality in, 323, 325-6 change in, 313-4, 317, 328-9, 342-3 cinematographical nature of, 315 circularity of God's thought, 323-4 concentric spheres, 328 concepts, 326-7, 356 "conversion" and "procession" in, 323 degradation of ideas into sensible flux, 317-8, 321, 323-4, 327, 328, 343-5, 352-3 degrees of reality, 323-4, 327 diminution, derivation of becoming by. _See_ Degradation of Ideas, etc. duration, 317-9 _note_, 323-4, 327-9 Eleatic philosophy, 308, 314 Enneads of Plotinus, 210 _note_ essence and accident, 354 essence or form, 314-5 eternal, 317-8, 324-6 Eternity, 317-8, 320, 324, 328-9 extension, 210 _note_, 318, 324, 327 form or idea, 314-20, 322, 327, 329-31, 352 geometry, Cartesian, and ancient philosophy, 334 God of Aristotle, 196-7, 322-4, 349, 352, 356 [Greek: hylê], 353 Idea, 314-22, 352-3 and indivisibility of motion, 307-8, 311 intelligible reality in, 326 intelligibles of Plotinus, 353 [Greek: logos], of Plotinus, 210 _note_ matter in Aristotle's philosophy, 316, 327 and modern astronomy, 333-4, 335 and modern geometry, 333-4 and modern philosophy, 226-7, 228-9, 232, 281-2, 344-5, 346, 349-51, 364, 369 and modern science, 329-30, 336, 342-3, 344-5, 357 motion in, 307-8, 312-3 necessity in, 327 [Greek: noêseôs noêsis], 356 non-being, 316, 327 [Greek: nous poiêtikos], 322 oscillation about being, sensible reality as, 317-8 Physics of Aristotle, 227-8 _note_, 324 _note_, 330-1 Plato, 48, 156, 191, 210 _note_, 316-8, 321-4, 327, 330, 348, 349 Plotinus, 210, 316, 323, 326 _note_, 349, 352-4 procession in Alexandrian philosophy, 323 [Greek: psychê], 210 _note_, 350 realism in, 232 refraction of idea through matter or non-being, 317 sectioning of becoming, 318-9 sensible reality, 314, 316-8, 321, 327-9, 352-3 [Greek: sôma], 350 space and time, 317-9, 320 Timaeus, 318 _note_ time in ancient and in modern science, 330-1, 336-7, 341-4 time and space, 317-9, 320 vision of God in Alexandrian philosophy, 322 Zeno, 308, 313

Ancient science and modern, 329-31, 336-7, 342-5, 357

Anima (De), of Aristotle, 322 _note_

Animal kingdom, 12, 105-6, 119-21, 126, 129, 131-2, 134-6, 137-8, 139, 179, 184-5

Animals, 105-47, 167, 170, 181, 183, 187, 212, 214, 246, 252, 253, 254, 262-5, 267, 271, 293, 301 deduction in, 212 induction in, 214 and man, 139-43, 183, 187, 188, 212, 263, 264, 267 and man in respect to brain, 183, 184-5, 263-5 and man in respect to consciousness, 139-43, 180, 183, 187, 188, 192, 212, 263-8 and man in respect to instruments of action, 139-43, 150-1 and man in respect to intelligence, 137-8, 187, 188, 191-2, 212 and plants, 105-39, 124-6, 143, 145, 146-7, 168-70, 181-2, 253, 254, 293 and plants in respect to activity of consciousness, 109, 111, 113, 119-21, 128-9, 132, 134-6, 142-3, 144, 181-2, 293 and plants in respect to function, 117-8, 121-2, 127 and plants in respect to instinct, 167, 170 and plants in respect to mobility, 109, 110, 113, 129-30, 132-3, 135, 181 and plants in respect to nature of consciousness, 134-5

Antagonistic currents of the vital impetus, 129, 135-6, 181, 184, 250, 258-9

Anthophora, 146-7

Antinomies of Kant, 204, 205

Antipathy. _See_ Sympathy, Feeling, Divination

Antithesis and thesis, 205

Ants, 101, 134, 140, 157

Ape's brain and consciousness contrasted with man's, 263

Aphasia, 181

Apidae, social instinct in the, 171

Apogee of instinct in the hymenoptera and of intelligence in man, 174-5 _See_ Evolutionary superiority

Apogee of sensible object, in philosophy of Ideas, 343-4, 349

Approximateness of the knowledge of matter, 206-7

Approximation, in matter, to the mathematical order, 218. _See_ Order

Archimedes, 333-4

Aristotle. _See_ Ancient Philosophy, Aristotle

Arrow, Flying, of Zeno, 308-9, 310, 312-3

Art, 6-7, 29 _note_, 45, 89, 177

Artemia Salina, transformations of, 72, 73

Arthropods in evolution, 130-5, 142

Articulate species, 133

Articulations of matter relative to action, 156, 367 of motion, 310-1 of real time, 332-3

Artificial, how far scientific knowledge is, 197, 218-9 instruments, 138, 139, 140-1

Artist, in illustration of the creativeness of duration, 340-1

Ascending cosmic movement, 11, 208, 275, 369

Ascent toward God, in Aristotle, 323

Association of organisms, 260. _See_ Individuation universal oscillation between association and individuation, 259, 260. _See_ Societies

Astronomy and deduction, 213 and the inert order, 224 modern, in reference to ancient science, 334-6

Atmosphere of spatiality bathing intelligence, 204

Atom, 240, 254, 255 as an intellectual view of matter, 203, 250 and interpenetration, 207

Attack and defence in evolution, 131-2

Attention, 2, 148-9, 154, 184, 209 discontinuity of, 2 in man and in lower animals, 184. _See_ Tension and instinct, Tension as inverted extension, Tension of personality, Sympathetic appreciation, etc., Relaxation and intellect

Attraction and impulsion in Greek philosophy, 323, 324

Attribute and subject, 148

Automatic activity, 145 as instrument of voluntary, 252 order, 224, 231-4. _See_ Negative movement, etc., Geometrical order

Automatism, 127, 143-4, 174, 223-4, 261, 264

Background of instinct and intelligence, consciousness as, 186

Backward-looking attitude of the intellect, 47, 48, 237

Baldwin, J.M., 27 _note_

Ballast of intelligence, 152, 230, 239, 369-70

Bastian, 212 _note_

Bateson, 63

Becoming, 164, 236, 248-9, 273, 299-304, 307-8, 313-4, 316, 337-8, 342-3, 345, 363 in ancient philosophy, 313-4, 317 in Descartes's philosophy, 346 in Eleatic philosophy, 313-4, 315 in general, or abstract becoming, 304, 306-7 instantaneous and static views of, 272, 304-5 states of, falsely so called, 164, 247-8, 273, 298-301, 307-8 in the successors of Kant, 363. _See_ Change, New, Duration, Time, Views of reality

Bees, 101, 140, 142, 146, 166, 172

Beethoven, 224

Berthold, 34 _note_

Bethe, 176 _note_

Bifurcations of tendency, 54. _See_ Divergent lines of evolution

Biology, 12, 25, 26, 31-2, 43, 168-9, 174-5, 194-6 evolutionist, 168-9 and philosophy, 43, 194-6 and physico-chemistry, 26

Blaringhem, 85

Bodies, 156, 188, 189, 300-1, 360. _See_ Inert matter as a relaxation of the unextended into the extended defined as bundles of qualities, 349

Bois-Reymond (Du), 38

Boltzmann, 245

Bombines, social instincts in, 171

Bouvier, 142 _note_

Bow, strain of, illustrating indivisibility of motion, 308-10

Brain and consciousness, 5, 109, 110, 179-80, 183-4, 212 _note_, 252, 261-4, 270, 354, 356, 366. _See_ Nervous System in man and lower animals, 183, 184, 263-5

Brandt, 66 _note_

Breast-Plate, in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131. _See_ Carapace, Cellulose envelope

Brown-Séquard, 80-2

Bulb, medullary, in the development of the nervous system, 110, 252

Busquet, 259 _note_

Bütschli, 33 _note_

Buttel-Reepen, 171 _note_

Butterflies, in illustration of variation from evolutionary type, 72

Caelo (De), of Aristotle, 322 _note_, 324 _note_

Calcareous sheath, in reference to animal mobility, 130-1

Calkins, 16 _note_

Canal, in illustration of the relation of function and structure, 93

Canalization, in illustration of the function of animal organisms, 93, 95, 110, 126, 256, 270

Canvas, embroidering "something" on the, of "nothing," 297

Caprice, an attribute not of freedom but of mechanism, 47

Carapace, in reference to animal mobility, 130-1

Carbohydrates, in reference to the function of the animal organism, 121-2

Carbon, in reference to the function of organisms, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255

Carbonic acid, in reference to the function of organisms, 254, 255

Carnot, 243, 246, 256

Cartesian geometry, compared with ancient, 334

Cartesianism, 345, 356, 358

Cartesians, 358. _See_ Spinoza, Leibniz

Carving, the, of matter by intellect, 155

Categorical propositions, characteristic of instinctive knowledge, 149-50

Categories, conceptual, x, xiii, 48, 147, 148-9, 165, 189-90, 195-7, 207, 220-1, 257-60, 265, 358, 361. _See_ Concept deduction of, and genesis of the intellect, 196, 207, 359. _See_ Genesis of matter and of the intellect innate, 147, 148-9 misfit for the vital, x, xiii, 48, 165, 195-9, 220-1, 257-9 in reference to the adaptation to each other of the matter and form of knowledge, 361

Cats, in illustration of the law of correlation, 67

Causal relation in Aristotle, 325 between consciousness and movement, 111 in Greek philosophy, 324-5

Causality, mechanical, a category which does not apply to life, x, xiv, 177 in the philosophy of Ideas, 323-6

Causation and adaptation, 101, 102 final, involves mechanical, 44

Cause and effect as mathematical functions of each other, 20, 21 efficient, 238, 277, 323 efficient, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 efficient, in Leibniz's philosophy, 353 final, 40, 44, 238 final, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 by impulsion, release and unwinding, 73 mechanical, as containing effect, 14, 233, 269 in the vital order, 95, 164

Cave, Plato's allegory of the, 191

Cell, 16, 24, 33, 162, 166, 167, 260, 269 as artificial construct, 162 in the "colonial theory," 260 division, 16, 24, 33 instinct in the, 166, 167 in relation to the soul, 269

Cellulose envelope in reference to vegetable immobility and torpor, 108, 111, 130

Cerebral activity and consciousness, 5, 109-10, 180-1, 183-4, 212 _note_, 252, 253, 261, 264, 268, 270, 350, 351, 354, 355, 366 mechanism, 5, 252, 253, 262, 264, 366

Cerebro-spinal system, 124. _See_ Nervous system

Certainty of induction, 215, 216

Chance analogous to disorder, 233, 234. _See_ Affection in evolution, 86-7, 104, 114-5, 126, 169-70, 171, 252, 254, 255, 266, 267, 326-7. _See_ Indetermination

Change, 1, 7-8, 18, 85-6, 248, 275, 294, 300-304, 308, 313-4, 317, 326, 328-9, 343-4, 344-5 in ancient philosophy, 313-4, 316-7, 325-6, 327-9, 343, 345 in Eleatic philosophy, 314 known only from within, 307-8

Chaos, 232. _See_ Disorder

Character, moral, 5, 99-100

Charrin, 81 _note_

Chemistry, 27, 34-6, 55, 72, 74, 98, 194, 226, 256, 260

Child, intelligence in, 147-8 adolescence of, in illustration of evolutionary becoming, 311-3

Chipped stone, in paleontology, 139

Chlorophyllian function, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 253

Choice, 110, 125, 143-5, 179, 180, 252, 260-4, 276, 366 and consciousness, 110, 179, 260-4

Chrysalis, 114 _note_

Cinematograph, 306-7, 339-40

Cinematographical character of ancient philosophy, 315-6 of intellectual knowledge, 306, 307, 312-8, 323-4, 331-3, 346 of language, 306-7, 312-5 of modern science, 329-31, 336-7, 341-3, 345, 346, 347

Circle of the given, broken by action, 192, 247 logical and physical, 277 vicious, in intellectualist philosophy, 193, 197, 320 vicious, in the intuitional method is only apparent, 192, 193

Circularity of God's thought in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 of each special evolution, 128

Circulation, protoplasmic, imitated, 32-3 in plants and animals, 108

Circumstances in the determination of evolution, 101-2, 128-9, 133, 138, 142, 150-1, 167, 168, 170-1, 193, 194, 252, 256 in relation to special instincts, 138, 168, 193

Classes of words corresponding to the three kinds of representation, 303-4

Clausius, 243

Clearness characteristic of intellect, 160

Cleft between the organized and the unorganized, 190, 196-9

Climbing plants, instincts of, 170 _note_

Coincidence of matter with space as in Kant, 206, 207, 244 of mind with intellect as in Kant, 48, 206 of qualities, 216 of seeing and willing, 237 of self with self, definition of the feeling of duration, 199-200

Coleopter, instinct in, 146

Colonial theory, 259, 260

Colonies, microbial, 259

Color variation in lizards, 72, 74

Coming and going of the mind between the without and the within gives rise to the idea of "Nothing," 279 between nature and mind, the true method of philosophy, 239

Common-sense, 29, 153, 161, 213, 224, 277 defined as continuous experience of the real, 213

Comparison of ancient philosophy with modern, 226, 228-9, 232, 328-9, 345-6, 349-51, 353-4, 356

Compenetration, 352-3. _See_ Interpenetration

Complementarity of forms evolved, xii, xiii, 51, 101, 103, 113, 116-7, 135, 136, 254, 255 of instinct and intelligence, 146, 173. _See_ Opposition of Instinct and Intelligence of intuition and intellect, 343, 345 in the powers of life, 49, 96-7, 140-3, 177, 178-9, 183-5, 239, 246, 254, 343 of science and metaphysics, 344

Complexity of the order of mathematics, 208-10, 217, 251

Compound reflex, instinct as a, 174

Concentration, intellect as, 191, 301 of personality, 198-9, 201

Concentric spheres in Aristotle's philosophy, 328

Concept accessory to action, ix analogy of, with the solid body, ix in animals, 187 externality of, 160, 168, 175-8, 199-200, 251, 306, 311, 314 fringed about with intuition, 46 and image distinguished, 160, 279 impotent to grasp life, ix-xiii, 49 intellect the concept-making faculty, vi, 49 misfit for the vital, 48 representation of the act by which the intellect is fixed on things, 161 synthesis of, in ancient philosophy, 325-6, 356. _See_ Categories, Externality, Frames, Image, Space, Symbol

Conditions, external, in evolution, 128-9, 133, 138, 141-2, 150-1, 166-7, 168, 170, 193, 194, 251, 256, 257 external, in determination of special instinct, 141-2, 150-1, 167, 168, 171

Conduct, mechanism and finality in the evolution of, 47. _See_ Freedom, Determination, Indetermination

Confused plurality of life, 257

Conjugation of Infusoria, 16

Consciousness and action, ix, 5, 144, 145, 179-80, 207, 260-1 consciousness as appendage to action, ix consciousness as arithmetical difference between possible and real

## activity, 145

consciousness as auxiliary to action, 179-80 consciousness as inadequacy of act to representation, 144 consciousness as instrument of action, 180 consciousness as interval between possible and real action, 145, 179 consciousness as light from zone of possible actions surrounding the real act, 179 consciousness and locomotion, 262 consciousness plugged up by action, 144, 145. _See_ Torpor, Sleep consciousness as sketch of action, 207 intensity of, varies with ratio of possible to real action, 145

Consciousness in animals, as distinguished from the consciousness of plants, 130, 135-6, 143 as distinguished from the consciousness of man, 139-43, 180, 183, 184, 187, 188, 212, 263-9. _See_ Torpor, Sleep characteristic of animals, torpor of plants, 109, 111, 113, 120, 128-9, 135-6, 181, 182, 292 as background of instinct and intelligence, 186 and brain, 180, 262, 263, 269, 270, 354 and choice, 110, 144-5, 179, 262-4 coextensive with universal life, 186, 270 and creation, consciousness as demand for creation, 261 current of, penetrating matter, 181, 270 as deficiency of instinct, 145 in dog and man, 180 double form of, 179 function of, 207 as hesitation or choice, 143, 144 imprisonment of, 180, 183-4, 264 as invention and freedom, 264, 270 in man as distinguished from, in lower forms of life, 180, 263, 264, 267, 268 and matter, 179, 181-2 as motive principle of evolution, 181-2 nullified, as distinguished from the absence of consciousness, 143 and the organism, 270 in plants, 131, 135-6, 143 as world principle, 237, 261

Conservation of energy, 243, 244

Construction, 139-42, 150-1, 156, 157-8, 180, 182. _See_ Manufacture, Solid the characteristic work of intellect, 163-4 as the method of Kant's successors, 364-5

Contingency, 96, 255, 268. _See_ Accident, Chance the, of order, 231, 235

Continuation of vital process in instinct, 138, 139, 166, 167, 246. _See_ Variations, Vital process

Continuity, 1, 26, 29-30, 37, 138-40, 154, 162-4, 258, 302, 306-7, 311-2, 321, 325-6, 329-30, 347 of becoming, 306-7, 312 of change, 325-6 of evolution, 18, 19 of extension, 154 of germinative plasma, 26, 37 of instinct with vital process, 139, 140, 166-7, 246 of life, 1-11, 29, 163-4, 258 of living substance, 162 of psychic life, 1, 30 of the real, 302, 329-30 of sensible intuition with ultra-intellectual, 361 of sensible universe, 346

Conventionality of science, 207

"Conversion" and "procession" in Alexandrian philosophy, 323

Cook, Plato's comparison of the, and the dialectician, 156

Cope, 35 _note_, 77, 111

Correlation, law of, 66, 67

Correspondence between mind and matter in Spencer, 368. _See_ Simultaneity

Cortical mechanism, 252, 253, 262. _See_ Cerebral mechanism

Cosmogony and genesis of matter, 188. _See_ Genesis of matter and of intellect, Spencer

Cosmology the, that follows from the philosophy of Ideas, 315, 328 as reversed psychology, 208

Counterweight representation as, to action, 145

Counting simultaneities, the measurement of time is, 338, 341-2

Creation, xi, 7, 11, 12, 22, 29, 30, 45, 93, 100, 101, 103, 105, 108, 114, 128-31, 161, 163-4, 178, 200, 217, 218, 223, 226, 230, 237-40, 261, 270, 275, 339-40 in Descartes's philosophy, 345 of intellect, 248-9 of matter, 237, 239, 247-8, 249. _See_ Materiality the inversion of spirituality of present by past, 5, 20-3, 27, 167, 199-202 the vital order as, 230

Creative evolution, 7, 15, 21, 27, 29, 36, 37, 65, 100, 104-5, 161, 163, 223-4, 230-1, 237, 264, 269

Creativeness of free action, 192, 243 of invention, 250

Creeping plants in illustration of vegetable mobility, 108

Cricket victim of paralyzing instinct of sphex, 172

Criterion, quest of a, 53 _ff._ of evolutionary rank, 133, 265

Criticism, Kantian, 205, 287 _note_, 356, 360-2 of knowledge, 194-5

Cross-cuts through becoming by intellect, 314. _See_ Views of reality through matter by perception, 206

Cross-roads of vital tendency, 51, 52, 54, 110, 126

Crustacea, 19, 111, 129-30

Crystal illustrating (by contrast) individuation, 12

Cuénot, 79 _note_

Culminating points of evolutionary progress, 50, 133-5. _See_ Evolutionary superiority

Current, 26, 27, 51, 185, 236, 237, 250, 266, 269

Currents, antagonistic, 250 of existence, 185 of life penetrating matter, 26, 27, 266, 270 vital, 26, 27, 51, 237, 266, 270 of will penetrating matter, 237

Curves, as symbol of life, 32, 90, 213

Cuts through becoming by the intellect, 313-4. _See_ Views of reality, Snapshots in illustration, etc. through matter by perception, 206

Cuvier, 125 _note_

Dantec (Le), 18 _note_, 34 _note_

Darwin, 62-5, 66, 72, 108, 170 _note_

Darwinism, 56, 85, 86

Dastre, 36 _note_

Dead, the, is the object of intellect, 165

Dead-locks in speculation, 155, 312

Death, 246 _note_, 271

Declivity descended by matter, 208, 246, 256, 339-40. _See_ Descending movement

Decomposing and recomposing powers characteristic of intellect, 157, 251

Deduction, analogy between, related to moral sphere and tangent to curve, 213 and astronomy, 213 duration refractory to, 213 geometry the ideal limit of, 213-26, 361 in animals, 212 inverse to positive spiritual effort, 212 nature of, 211 physics and, 213 weakness of, in psychology and moral science, 213

Defence and attack in evolution, 132

Deficiency of will the negative condition of mathematical order and complexity, 209

Definition in the realm of life, 13, 105, 106

Degenerates, 133-5

_Dégénérescence sénile (La)_, by Metchnikoff, 18 _note_

Degradation of energy, 241, 242, 246 of the extra-spatial into the spatial, 207 of the ideas into the sensible flux in ancient philosophy, 317-9, 324-5, 327-9, 331, 343, 345, 352-3

Degrees of being in the successors of Kant, 362-3

Degrees of reality in Greek philosophy, 324, 327

Delage, 59 _note_, 81 _note_, 260 _note_

Delamare, 81 _note_

Deliberation, 144

De Manacéine, 124 _note_

Deposit, instinct and intelligence as deposits, emanations, issues, or aspects of life, x, xii, xiii, 49, 103, 105, 136, 365

De Saporta, 107 _note_

Descartes, 280, 334, 345, 346, 353, 358 becoming, 345-6 creation, 346 determinism, 345 duration, 346 freedom, 345, 346 geometry, 334 God, 346 image and idea or concept, 281 indeterminism, 345 mechanism, 345, 346 motion, 346 vacillation between abstract time and real duration, 345

Descending movement of existence, 11, 202, 203, 208, 271, 275, 369

Design, motionless, of action the object of intellect, 154-5, 299, 301-2, 303

Detention in the dream state, 202 of intuition in intellect, 238

Determination, 76-7, 129-30, 223, 246

Determinism, 217, 264, 345, 348. _See_ Inert matter, Geometry in Descartes, 345

Development, 133, 134-5, 141. _See_ Order, Progress, Evolution, Superiority

Deviation from type, 82-4

Dialect and intuition in philosophy, 238

Dichotomy of the real in modern philosophy, 350

Differentiation of parts in an organism, 253, 260

Dilemma of any systematic metaphysics, 195, 197, 230

Diminution, derivation of becoming from being by, in ancient philosophy, 316, 317, 322, 323-4, 327-8, 343-5, 352 geometrical order as, or lower complication of the vital order, 236

Dionaea illustrating certain animal characteristics in plants, 107, 108, 109

Discontinuity of action, 154, 306-7 of attention, 2 of extension relative to action, 154, 163 of knowledge, 306 of living substance, 163 a positive idea, 154

Discontinuous the object of intellect, 154

Discord in nature, 127, 128, 254-5, 267

Disorder, 40, 104, 222-3, 225-6, 232-5, 274. _See_ Expectation, Order, mathematical, Orders of reality, two

Disproportion between an invention and its consequences, 182

Dissociation as a cosmic principle opposed to association, 260 of tendencies, 54, 89, 135, 254, 255, 257, 258. _See_ Divergent lines of evolution

Distance, extension as the, between what is and what ought to be, 318-9, 327-8, 331

Distinct multiplicity in the dream state, 201, 210 of the inert, 257

Distinctness characteristic of the intellect, 160, 237, 251 characteristic of perception, 227, 251 as spatiality, 203, 207-8, 244, 250

Divergent lines of evolution, xii, 54, 55, 87, 97-101, 103-4, 106, 107, 109, 112, 113, 116, 119, 130, 132, 134-5, 142, 149, 150, 168, 173, 181, 254, 255, 266, 267. _See_ Dissociation of tendencies, Complementarity, etc., Schisms in the primitive impulsion of life

Diversity, sensible, 205, 220-1, 231, 235, 236

Divination, instinct as, 176. _See_ Sympathy, etc.

Divisibility of extension, 154, 162

Division as function of intellect, 152, 154, 162-3, 189 of labor, 99, 110, 118, 157, 166, 260 of labor in cells, 166

Dog and man, consciousness in, 180

Dogmatism of the ancient epistemology contrasted with the relativism of the modern, 230 of Leibniz and Spinoza, 356-7 skepticism, and relativism, 196-7, 230

Dogs and the law of correlation, 66

Domestication of animals and heredity, 80

Dominants of Reinke, 42 _note_

Dorfmeister, 72

Dream, 144, 180-1, 202, 209, 256. _See_ Interpenetration, Relaxation, Detention, Recollection as relaxation, 202

Driesch, 42 _note_

Drosera, 107, 108, 109

Dufourt, 124 _note_

Duhem, 242 _note_

Dunan, Ch., xv _note_

Duration, xiv _note_, 2, 4-6, 8-11, 15, 17, 21, 22, 37, 39, 46, 51, 199, 201, 206, 213, 216, 240, 272, 273, 276, 298-9, 308-9, 317-8, 319 _note_, 324, 328, 332, 339, 342, 343, 345, 354, 361, 363-4 absoluteness of, 206 and deduction, 213 in Descartes's philosophy, 346 gnawing of, 4, 8, 46 indivisibility of, 6, 308-9 and induction, 216 and the inert, 343-4 in the philosophy of the Ideas, 316-7, 319 _note_, 324, 327, 328-9 rhythm of, 11, 128, 346. _See_ Creation, Evolution, Invention, Time, Unforeseeableness, Uniqueness

Echinoderms in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131

Efficient cause in conception of chance, 234 Spinoza and, 269

Effort in evolution, 170

[Greek: Eidos], 314-5

Eimer, 55, 72, 73, 86

Elaborateness of the mathematical order, 208-10, 217, 251

Eleatic philosophy, 308, 314-5

Emanation, logical thought an, issue, aspect or deposit of life, ix, xii, xiii, 49

Embroidering "something" on the canvas of "nothing," 297

Embroidery by descendants on the canvas handed down by ancestors, 23

Embryo, 18, 19, 26, 27, 75, 81, 89, 101, 166

Embryogeny, comparative, and transformism, 25

Embryonic life, 27, 166

Empirical study of evolution the centre of the theory of knowledge and of the theory of life, 178 theories of knowledge, 205

Empty, thinking the full by means of the empty, 273-4

End in Eleatic philosophy, 314-5 of science is practical utility, 329

Energy, 115-7, 120-3, 242, 243, 245, 246, 252-5, 256, 257, 262 conservation of, 242 degradation of, 242, 243, 246 solar, stored by plants, released by animals, 245, 254

Enneadae of Plotinus, 210 _note_

Entelechy of Driesch, 42 _note_

Entropy, 243

Environment in evolution, 129, 133, 138, 140, 142, 150, 167, 168, 170, 192, 193, 252, 256, 257 and special instincts, 138, 168, 192, 193

Epiphenomenalism, 262

Essence and accidents in Aristotle's philosophy, 353 or form in Eleatic philosophy, 314-5 the meaning of, 302-3

Essences (or forms), qualities and acts, the three kinds of representation, 303-4

Eternity, 39, 298, 314, 317, 320, 324, 328, 346, 352, 354 in the philosophy of Ideas, 316-7, 319, 324, 328 in Spinoza's philosophy, 353

Euglena, 116

Evellin, 311 _note_

Eventual actions, 11, 96. _See_ Possible activity

Evolution, ix-xv, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26-7, 37, 46-55, 63, 68, 79 _note_, 84-8, 97-105, 107, 113, 116, 126, 127, 129-30, 131-2, 133, 134, 136, 138-40, 141-2, 143, 161, 166, 167, 168-72, 173, 174, 175, 179, 181, 182, 185, 186, 190, 193, 198-9, 207-8, 224, 231, 242 _note_, 246, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 264-6, 268, 273, 302, 311, 345, 359, 360, 366 accident in, 104, 169, 170, 173, 174, 251, 252 animal, a progress toward mobility, 131 antagonistic tendencies in, 103, 113, 185 automatic and determinate, is action being undone, 248 blind alleys of, 129 circularity of each special, 128 complementarity of the divergent lines of, 97-102, 103, 116 conceptually inexpressible, 49, 50, 52, 53, 127, 181, 273 continuity of, 18, 19, 26, 37, 46, 273, 302, 312, 345 creative, 7, 15, 21, 27, 30, 36, 37, 65, 100, 105, 161, 162, 163, 223, 230, 238, 264, 269 culminating points of, 50, 133, 174, 185, 265, 266, 268 development by, 133, 134, 141-2 divergent lines of, xii, 53, 54, 87, 97-101, 103-4, 107, 173-4, 246 and duration, 20, 22, 37, 45-6 empirical study of, the centre of the theory of knowledge and of life, 178 and environment, 101-3, 129, 133, 138, 142, 150, 167, 168, 169, 192, 193, 251, 256, 257 of instinct, 170, 171, 174-5. _See_ Divergent lines, etc., Culminating points, etc., Evolution and environment of intellect, x-xii, 153, 186, 189-90, 193, 198-9, 207-8, 359, 360. _See_ Divergent lines, etc., Culminating points, etc., Genesis of matter and of intellect as invention, 344 of man, 264, 266, 268. _See_ Culminating points, etc. motive principle of, is consciousness, 181 of species product of the vital impetus opposed by matter, 247-8, 254 and transformism, 24 unforeseeable, 47, 48, 53, 86, 224 variation in, 23-4, 55, 63, 68, 72 _note_, 85, 131, 137-8, 167, 169, 171, 264

Evolutionary, qualitative, and extensive motion 302-3, 311, 312 superiority, 133-5, 174-5. _See_ Success, Criterion of evolutionary rank, Culminating points, etc.

Evolutionism, x-xii, xiv, 77, 84, 364

Exhaustion of the mutability of the universe, 337-8

Existence, logical, as contrasted with psychical and physical, 276, 362 of matter tends toward instantaneity, 201 of self means change, 1 _ff._ superaddition of, upon nothingness, 276

Expectation, 214-6, 221, 222, 226, 233, 235, 274, 281, 292 in conception of disorder, 221, 222, 226, 233, 234, 235, 274 in conception of void or naught, 282, 292

Experience, 138, 147, 177, 197, 204, 229, 321, 354, 359, 363, 368

Explosion, illustrating cause by release, 73

Explosive character of animal energy, 116, 119, 120, 246 of organization, 92

Explosives, manufacture of, by plants and use by animals, 246, 254

Extension, 149, 154, 161, 202, 203, 207, 211, 223, 236, 245, 318-20, 324, 327, 351, 352 continuity of, 154 discontinuity of, relative to action, 154, 162 as the distance between what is and what ought to be, 318 divisibility of, 154, 162 the most general property of matter, 154, 250, 251 the inverse movement to tension, 245 of knowledge, 150 in Leibniz's philosophy, 351, 352 of matter in space, 204, 211 in the philosophy of Ideas, 318-9, 323-4, 327 and relaxation, 202, 207, 209, 211, 212, 218, 223, 245 in Spinoza's philosophy, 350 in the Transcendental Aesthetic, 203 unity of, 158-9 as weakening of the essence of being, in Plotinus, 210 _note_

Extensive, evolutionary and qualitative motion, 302-3, 311, 312

External conditions in evolution, 128, 133, 137, 141-2, 150-1, 167, 168, 170, 192, 193, 252, 256, 257 finality, 41

Externality of concepts, 160, 168, 174, 177, 199, 251, 305, 311-4 the most general property of matter, 154, 250, 251

Externalized action in distinction from internalized, 147, 165. _See_ Somnambulism, etc., Automatic activity, etc.

Eye of mollusc and vertebrate compared, 60, 75, 77, 84, 86, 87-8

Fabre, 172 _note_

Fabrication. _See_ Construction

Fallacies, two fundamental, 272, 273

Fallacy of thinking being by not-being, 276, 277, 284, 297-8 of thinking the full by the empty, 273-5 of thinking motion by the motionless, 272, 273, 297-8, 307-8, 309-14

Fallibility of instinct, 172-3

Falling back of matter upon consciousness, 264 bodies, comparison of Aristotle and Galileo, 228, 331-2, 334 weight, figure of material world, 245, 246

Familiar, the, is the object of intellect, 163, 164, 199, 270

Faraday, 203

Fasting, in reference to primacy of nervous system over the other physiological systems, 124

Fauna, menace of torpor in primitive, 130

Feeling in the conception of chance, 207 and instinct, 143, 174-5

Fencing-master, illustrating hereditary transmission, 79

Ferments, certain characteristics of, 106

Fertilization of orchids by insects, by Darwin, 170 _note_

Fichte's conception of the intellect, 189-90, 357

Filings, iron, in illustration of the relation of structure to function, 94, 95

Film, cinematographic, figure of abstract motion, 304-6

Final cause, 40, 45, 234, 325 conception of, involves conception of mechanical cause, 44 God as, in Aristotle, 322-3

Finalism, 39-53, 58, 74, 88-97, 101-5, 126-8

Finality, 41, 164, 177-8, 185, 223, 224, 266 external and internal, 41 misfit for the vital, 177, 223-4, 225, 266 and the unforeseeableness of life, 164, 185

Fischel, 75 _note_

Fish in illustration of animal tendency to mobility, 130, 131

Fixation of nutritive elements, 107-9, 113, 117, 246, 247, 253

Fixity, 108-13, 118, 119, 130, 155. _See_ Torpor apparent or relative, 155 cellulose envelope and the, of plants, 108, 111, 130 of extension, 155 of plants, 108-13, 118, 119, 130-1 of torpid animals, 130

Flint hatchets and human intelligence, 137

Fluidity of life, 153, 165, 193 of matter as a whole, 186, 369

Flux of material bodies, 265 of reality, 250, 251, 337, 342, 344

Flying arrow of Zeno, 308, 309, 310

Focalization of personality, 201

Food, 106-9, 113-4, 117, 120, 121, 246, 247, 254

Foraminifera, failure of certain, to evolve, 197

Force, 126-7, 141, 149, 150, 175, 246, 254, 339 life a, inverse to matter, 246 limitedness of vital force, 126, 127, 141, 149, 162 time as, 339-40

Forel, 176 _note_

Foreseeing, 8, 28, 29, 30, 37, 45, 47, 96. _See_ Unforeseeableness

Form, xi, 51, 101, 104, 113, 116-8, 129, 135-6, 148-53, 155, 156, 160, 164, 195-7, 222, 237, 250, 255, 302, 303, 314, 317, 318, 322, 341, 357, 359, 361, 362 complementarity of forms evolved, xi, 51, 101, 104, 113, 116-8, 135-6, 255 expansion of the forms of consciousness, xii, xiii (or essences), qualities and acts the three kinds of representation, 302-3 God as pure form in Aristotle, 196, 322 or idea in ancient philosophy, 317, 318, 330 of intelligence, xiv, 48, 147, 148, 165, 190, 195, 196, 198, 207, 219, 257-9, 266, 358-9, 361. _See_ Concept and matter in creation, 239, 250 and matter in knowledge, 195, 361 a snapshot view of transition, 302

Formal knowledge, 152 logic, 292

Forms of sensibility, 361

Fossil species, 102

Foster, 125 _note_

Fox in illustration of animal intelligence, 138

Frames of the understanding, 46-7, 48, 150-2, 173, 177, 197-9, 219-20, 223-4, 258, 270, 313, 358, 364 fit the inert, 197, 218 inadequate to reality entire, 364 misfit for the vital, x, xiii, xiv, 46, 48, 173, 177, 197-9, 223, 258, 313 product of life, 358 transform freedom into necessity, 270 utility of, lies in their unlimited application, 149-50, 152

Freedom, 11, 48, 126, 130, 163, 164, 200, 202, 207, 208, 217, 223, 231, 237, 239, 247, 249, 264-6, 269, 270, 277, 300, 339-41, 345, 346 the absolute as freely acting, 277 affirmed by conscience, 269 animal characteristic rather than vegetable, 129-30 caprice attribute not of, but of mechanism, 47 coextensiveness of consciousness with, 111, 112, 202, 264, 270 of creation and life, 247, 254, 255 creativeness of, 223, 239, 248 in Descartes's philosophy, 345, 346 as efficient causality, 277 inversion of necessity, 236 and liberation of consciousness, 265, 266. _See_ Imprisonment of consciousness and novelty, 12, 163, 164, 200, 218, 231, 239, 249, 270, 339-42 order in, 223 property of every organism, 129-31 relaxation of, into necessity, 217 tendency of, to self-negation in habit, 127 tension of, 200, 201, 202, 207, 223, 237, 301 transformed by the understanding into necessity, 270 _See_ Spontaneity

Fringe of intelligence around instinct, 136 of intuition around intellect, xii, xiii, 46 of possible action around real action, 179, 272

Froth, alveolar, in imitation of organic phenomena, 33-4

Full, fallacy of thinking the, by the empty, 273-6

Function, ix, 3, 5, 44, 46, 47, 88-90, 94, 95, 106-10, 113, 114, 117, 120, 121, 127, 132, 140, 141, 145, 152, 153, 157, 161, 163, 164, 168, 173-5, 186-92, 199, 206, 207, 233, 237, 246, 251, 254-6, 262, 263, 270, 273, 298, 306, 346, 358, 369 accumulation of energy the function of vegetable organisms, 254, 255

## action the, of intellect, ix, 12, 44, 47, 93, 161, 162, 186-8, 206, 251,

273, 305

## action the, of nervous system, 262, 263

alimentation, 106, 107, 120, 121, 246, 254 of animals is canalization of energy, 93, 110, 126, 255, 256 carbon and the, of organisms, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255 chlorophyllian, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 254 concept-making the, of intellect, x, 49 of consciousness: sketching movements, 207 construction the, of intellect, 108 illumination of action, of perception, 5, 206, 307-8 of intelligence: action, ix, 12, 44, 46, 93, 160, 162, 186-8, 206, 251, 273, 307-8 of intelligence: concept-making, x, 50 of intelligence: construction, 160, 163, 181-2 of intelligence: division, 154, 155, 162, 189 of intelligence: illumination of action by perception, 5, 206, 301 of intelligence: repetition, 164, 199, 214-6 of intelligence: retrospection, 47, 237 of intelligence: connecting same with same, 199, 233, 270 of intelligence: scanning the rhythm of the universe, 346 of intelligence: tactualizing all perception, 168 of intelligence: unification, 152, 154, 357 of the nervous system: action, 262, 263 and organ, 88-90, 94, 95, 132-3, 140, 141, 158. _See_ Function and structure and organ in arthropods, vertebrates and man, 132-3 of the organism, 94, 106-10, 112, 114, 117, 120, 126, 173-5, 246, 253-6 of the organism, alimentation, 106, 107, 120, 121, 246, 254 of the organism, animal: canalization of energy, 93, 110, 126, 255, 256 of the organism, carbon in, 107, 113, 114, 117, 254, 255 of the organism, chlorophyllian function, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 247, 254 of the organism, primary functions of life: storage and expenditure of energy, 254-6 of the organism, vegetable: accumulation of energy, 254, 255 of philosophy: adoption of the evolutionary movement of life and consciousness, 370 of science, 168, 346 sketching movements the, of consciousness, 207 and structure, 55, 62, 66, 69, 74, 75, 76, 86, 88-91, 93, 94, 96, 118, 132, 140, 141, 158, 162, 250, 252, 256 tactualizing all perception the, of science, 168 of vegetable organism: accumulation of energy, 254, 255

Functions of life, the two: storage and expenditure of energy, 254-6

Galileo, homogeneity of time in, 332 his influence on metaphysics, 20, 228 his influence on modern science, 334, 335 extension of Galileo's physics, 357, 370 his theory of the fall of bodies compared with Aristotle's, 228, 331, 332, 334

Ganoid breast-plate of ancient fishes, in reference to animal mobility, 130, 131

Gaudry, 130 _note_

Genera, relation of, to individuals, 226 relation of, to laws, 225, 226, 330 potential, 226-7 and signs, 158

Generality, ambiguity of the idea of, in philosophy, 229-31, 236

Generalization dependent on repetition, 230, 231 distinguished from transference of sign, 158 in the vital and mathematical orders, 224, 225, 230

Generic, type of the: similarity of structure between generating and generated, 223, 224

Genesis, xiii, xiv, 153, 186-199, 207, 359, 360 of intellect, xiii, xiv, 153, 186, 187, 190, 193, 194, 196-7, 207, 264, 360 of knowledge, 191 of matter, xiii, xiv, 153, 186, 188, 190, 193, 199, 207, 360

Genius and the willed order, 223, 237

Genus. _See_ Genera

Geometrical, the, is the object of the intellect, 190

Geometrical order as a diminution or lower complication of the vital, 223, 225, 236, 330. _See_ Genera, Relation of, to laws mutual contingency of, and vital order, 235 _See_ Mathematical order space, relation of, to the spatiality of things, 203

Geometrism, the latent, of intellect, 194, 211-3

Geometry, fitness of, to matter, 10 goal of intellectual operations, 211, 213, 218 ideal limit of induction and deduction, 214-8, 361. _See_ Space, Descending movement of existence modern, compared with ancient, 36, 161, 333-4 natural, 194, 211-2 perception impregnated with, 205, 230 reasoning in, contrasted with reasoning concerning life, 7, 8 scientific, 161, 211

Germ, accidental predisposition of, in Neo-Darwinism, 168, 169, 170

Germ-plasm, continuity of, 27, 37, 78-83

Giard, 84

Glucose in organic function, 122, 123

Glycogen in organic function, 122-4

God, as activity, 249 of Aristotle, 196, 322, 325, 349, 353, 356-7 ascent toward, in Aristotle's philosophy, 322-3 circularity of God's thought, in Aristotle's philosophy, 324, 325 in Descartes's philosophy, 346, 347 as efficient cause in Aristotle's philosophy, 324 as hypostasis of the unity of nature, 196, 322, 357 in Leibniz's philosophy, 352, 353, 356-7 as eternal matter, 196-7 as pure form, 196-7, 322 in Spinoza's philosophy, 351, 357

Greek philosophy. _See_ Ancient philosophy

Green parts of plants, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 247, 254

Growing old, 15

Growth, creation is, 240-1, 275 and novelty, 231 of the powers of life, 132, 134-5 reality is, 237 of the universe, 343, 345

Guérin, P., 59 _note_

Guinea-pig, in illustration of hereditary transmission, 80, 81

Habit and consciousness annulled, 143 form of knowledge a habit or bent of attention, 148 and heredity, 78, 93, 169, 170, 173. _See_ Acquired characters, inheritance of instinct as an intelligent, 173-4 and invention in animals, 264 and invention in man, 265 tendency of freedom to self-negation in, 127-8

Harmony between instinct and life, and between intelligence and the inert, 187, 194-5, 198 of the organic world is complementarity due to a common original impulse 50, 51, 103, 116, 118 pre-established, 205, 206 in radical finalism, 127-8. _See_ Discord

Hartog, 60 _note_

Hatchets, ancient flint, and human intellect, 137

Heliocentric radius-vector in Kepler's laws, 333-4

Hereditary transmission, 76-83, 87, 168-9, 170, 173, 225-6, 230 domestication of animals and, 80-1 habit and, 79, 83, 169, 170, 173

Hesitation or choice, consciousness as, 143, 144

Heteroblastia and identical structures on divergent lines of evolution, 75

Heymons, 72 _note_

History as creative evolution, 6, 15, 21, 26, 29, 36, 37, 65-6, 103-4, 105, 163, 264, 269 of philosophy, 238

Hive as an organism, 166

_Homo faber_, designation of human species, 139

Homogeneity of space, 156, 212 the sphere of intellect, 163 of time in Galileo, 332

Horse-fly illustrating the object of instinct, 146

Houssay, 109 _note_

Human and animal attention, 184 and animal brain, 184, 263-5 and animal consciousness, 139-43, 180, 183, 184, 187, 188, 191, 212, 263-8 and animal instruments of action, 139-43, 150 and animal intelligence, 138, 187, 188, 191, 192, 212 and animal invention, relation of, to habit, 264, 265 intellect and language, 157-8 intellect and manufacture, 137, 138

Humanity in evolution, 134, 137-9, 142, 147, 158, 181, 184, 185, 264-71. _See_ Culminating points, etc. goal of evolution, 266, 267

Huxley, 38

Hydra and individuality, 13

[Greek: Hylê] of Aristotle, 353

Hymenoptera, the culmination of arthropod and instinctive evolution, 134, 173-4 as entomologists, 146, 172-3 organization and instinct in, 140 paralyzing instinct of, 146, 172, 173-4 social instincts of, 101, 171

Hypostasis of the unity of nature, God as, 196-7, 322, 356

Hypothetical propositions characteristic of intellectual knowledge, 149-50

Idea or form in ancient philosophy, 49, 314, 316-7, 318, 329-30 in ancient philosophy, [Greek: eidos], 314-5 in ancient philosophy, Platonic, 48 and image in Descartes, 280

Idealism, 232

Idealists and realists alike assume the possibility of an absence of order, 220, 232

Identical structures in divergent lines of evolution, 55, 60-1, 62, 69, 74-7, 86, 119

Illumination of action the function of perception, 5, 206, 307

Image and idea in Descartes, 280 distinguished from concept, 160-1, 280

Imitation of being in Greek philosophy, 324, 327 of instinct by science, 168-9, 173-4 of life in intellectual representation, 4, 33, 88-9, 101, 176, 208, 209, 213, 226, 259, 341, 365 of life by the unorganized, 33, 35, 36 of motion by intelligence, 305, 307-8, 312, 313, 329. _See_ Imitation of the real, etc. of the physical order by the vital, 230 of the real by intelligence, 258, 270, 307

Immobility of extension, 155 and plants, 108-13, 118, 119, 130 of primitive and torpid animals, 130-1 relative and apparent; mobility real, 155

Impatience, duration as, 10, 339-40

Impelling cause, 73

Impetus, vital, divergence of, 26-7, 51-5, 97-105, 110, 118-9, 126-7, 131, 134-6, 257, 258, 266, 270 vital, limitedness of, 126, 141, 148-9, 254 vital, loaded with matter, 239 vital, as necessity for creation, 252, 261 vital, transmission of, through organisms, 25, 27, 79, 85, 87, 88, 230, 231, 250, 251 vital, _See_ Impulse of life

Implement, the animal, is natural: the human, artificial, 139-43 artificial, 137-40, 150-1 constructing, function of intelligence, 159, 182-3 life known to intelligence only as, 162 matter known to intelligence only as, 161, 198 natural, 141, 145, 150 organized, 141, 145, 150 unorganized, 137-9, 141, 150-1

Implicit knowledge, 148

Impotence of intellect and perception to grasp life, 176-8

Imprisonment of consciousness, 180-3, 264-6

Impulse of life, divergence of, 26, 27, 51-5, 97-105, 110, 118-9, 126-7, 131, 134-6, 257, 258, 266, 270 limitedness of, 126, 141, 148-9, 254 loaded with matter, 239 tendency to mobility, 131, 132 as necessity for creation, 252, 261 negates itself, 247, 248 prolonged in evolution, 246 prolonged in our will, 239 transmitted through generations of organisms, 25, 26, 79, 85, 87, 230, 231 unity of, 202, 250, 270

Impulsion and attraction in Greek philosophy, 323-4 release and unwinding, the three kinds of cause, 73 given to mind by matter, 202

Inadequacy of act to representation, consciousness as, 143

Inadequate and adequate in Spinoza, 353

Inanition, illustrating primacy of nervous system, 124 _note_

Incoherence, 236. _See_ Absence of order, Chance, Chaos in nature, 104

Incommensurability of free act with conceptual idea, 47, 201 of instinct and intelligence, 167-8, 175

Incompatibility of developed tendencies, 104, 168

Independent variable, time as, 20, 335-6

Indetermination, 86, 114, 126, 252, 253, 326. _See_ Accident in evolution

Indeterminism in Descartes, 345

Individual, viewed by intelligence as aggregate of molecules and of facts, 250-1 and division of labor, 140 in evolutionist biology, 169, 171, 246 _note_ and genus, 226-9 mind in philosophy, 191 aesthetic intuition only attains the, 177 and society, 260, 265 transmits the vital impetus, 250, 259, 270

Individuality never absolute, x, 12, 13, 16, 19, 42, 260 and age, 15-23, 27, 43 corporeal, physics tends to deny, 188, 189, 208. _See_ Interpenetration, Obliteration of outlines, Solidarity of the parts of matter and generality, 226-8 the many and the one in the idea of, x, 258 as plan of possible influence, 11

Individuation never absolute, x, 12-16, 43, 260 as a cosmic principle in contrast with association, 259-60 property of life, 12-5

## partly the work of matter, 257-8, 259, 270

Indivisibility of action, 94, 95 of duration, 6, 308 of invention, 164 of life, 225, 270-1. _See_ Unity of life of motion, 307-11

Induction in animals, 214 certainty of, approached as factors approach pure magnitudes, 222, 223 and duration, 216 and expectation, 214-6 geometry the ideal limit of, 214-8, 361. _See_ Space, Geometry, Reasoning, "Descending" movement of matter, etc. and magnitude, 215, 216 repetition the characteristic function of intellect, 164, 199, 205-16 and space, 216. _See_ Space as the ideal limit, Systems, etc.

Industry, ix, 161, 162, 164

Inert matter and action, 96, 136, 141, 155, 187, 198, 225, 367 in Aristotle, 316, 327, 353 bodies, 7, 8, 12, 14, 20, 21, 156, 159, 174, 186, 188, 189, 204, 213, 215, 228, 240, 241, 298, 300, 341, 342, 346-8, 360 Creation of. _See_ Inert matter the inversion of life flux of, 186, 265, 273, 369 and form, 148, 149, 157, 239, 250 genesis of, 188 homogeneity of, 156 imitation of living matter by, 33, 35, 36 imitation of physical order by vital, 230 instantaneity of, 10, 201 and intellect, ix, 31, 141, 159-62, 164, 165, 167-8, 175, 179, 181, 186, 187, 195, 196, 197, 198, 205-12, 216-9, 224, 264, 270, 319, 369 the inversion or interruption of life, 93, 94, 98, 99, 128-9, 153, 177, 186, 189, 190, 196, 197, 201, 203, 208, 216-9, 231, 235, 236, 239, 240, 245-50, 252, 254, 256, 258, 259, 261, 264, 267, 272, 276, 319, 339-40, 343. _See_ Inert matter, order inherent in knowledge of, approximate but not relative, 206 the metaphysics and the physics of, 195-6 as necessity, 252, 264 the order inherent in, 40, 103, 153, 201, 207-12, 216, 226-7, 230-6, 245, 251, 263, 274, 319-20. _See_ Inert matter, inversion of life penetration of, by life, 25, 26, 51, 179, 181, 237, 239, 266, 270, 271 and perception, 12, 206, 226 and the psychical, 201, 202, 205, 269, 270, 350, 367 solidarity of the parts of, 188, 202, 207, 241, 257-9, 270, 271, 352 and space, 10, 153, 189, 204-11, 214, 244, 250, 251, 257 in Spencer's philosophy, 365

Inertia, 176, 224

Infant, intelligence in, 147, 148

Inference a beginning of invention, 138

Inferiority in evolutionary rank, 174-5

Influence, possible, 11, 189

Infusoria, conjugation of, 15 development of the eye from its stage in, 60-1, 72, 78, 84 and individuation, 260 and mechanical explanations, 34, 35 vegetable function in, 116

Inheritance of acquired characters. _See_ Hereditary transmission

Innate knowledge, 146-7, 150-1

Innateness of the categories, 148, 149-50

Inorganic matter. _See_ Inert matter

Insectivorous plants, 107-9

Insects, 19, 101, 107, 126, 131, 134, 135, 140-1, 146, 147, 157, 166, 169, 171-5, 188 apogee of instinct in hymenoptera, 134, 173-4 consciousness and instinct, 145, 167, 173 continuity of instinct with organization, 139, 145 fallibility of instinct in, 172-3 instinct in general in, 169, 173-4 language of ants, 157-8 object of instinct in, 146 paralyzing instinct in, 146, 171, 172-3 social instinct in, 101, 157-8, 171 special instincts as variations on a theme, 167. _See_ Arthropods in evolution

Insensible variation, 63, 66

Inspiration of a poem an undivided intuitive act, contrasted with its intellectual imitation in words, 209, 210, 258. _See_ Sympathy

Instantaneity of the intellectual view, 31, 70, 84, 89, 199, 201-2, 207, 226, 249, 258, 273, 300-6, 311, 314, 331-3, 342, 351, 352

Instinct and action on inert matter, 136, 141 in animals as distinguished from plants, 170 in cells, 166 and consciousness, 143-5, 166, 167, 173, 174, 175, 186 culmination of, in evolution, 133, 174-5. _See_ Arthropods in evolution, Evolutionary superiority fallibility of, 173-4 in insects in general, 169, 173-4 and intelligence, xii, 51, 100, 103, 113, 116-8, 132-7, 141-3, 145, 150, 152, 159, 168-70, 173-9, 184-5, 186, 197-8, 238, 246, 254, 255, 259, 267, 268, 343, 345, 366 and intuition, 177, 178-9, 181 object of, 146-52, 165, 168, 172-9, 186, 189, 195, 234, 254 and organization, 23-4, 138-40, 145, 166-8, 171-2, 173, 176, 193, 194, 264 paralyzing, in certain hymenoptera, 146, 171, 172-3 in plants, 170, 171 social, of insects, 101, 157-8, 171

Instinctive knowledge, 148, 167, 168, 173-4 learning, 193 metaphysics, 192, 269, 270, 277

Instrument, action as, of consciousness, 180 animal, is natural; human artificial, 139-43 automatic activity as instrument of voluntary, 252 consciousness as, of action, 180 intelligence: the function of intelligence is to construct instruments, 159, 192-3 intelligence transforms life into an, 162 intelligence transforms matter into an, 161, 198 intelligence: the instruments of intelligence are artificial, ix, 137-9, 140-1, 150-1 natural or organized instruments of instinct, 140-1, 145, 150

Intellect and action, ix, 11, 29, 44-8, 93, 136, 142, 152-7, 162, 179, 186, 187, 192, 195, 197-8, 219, 220, 226-9, 251, 270, 273, 297-9, 301, 302, 306, 329, 346-7 in animals, 187 Fichte's conception of the, 189, 190, 357 function of the, 5, 11, 12, 44-50, 92, 93, 126, 137-45, 149-60, 162-4, 168, 174, 176, 181, 187-99, 204-8, 214-9, 229, 233, 237, 241, 242, 246, 247, 251, 270, 290, 298, 299, 328, 336, 337, 341, 342, 347, 348, 356, 357 genesis of the, xi-xv, 49, 103, 104-5, 126-7, 152, 153, 186, 187, 189, 193, 194, 195, 198, 207, 247-9, 358, 359, 366 as inversion of intuition, 7, 8, 11, 12, 46, 49, 51, 86, 88-91, 93, 94, 103-4, 113, 116-8, 129, 132, 133, 135, 136, 139-43, 145, 157, 161, 168-80, 181, 183, 184, 185, 190-204, 207-12, 216-8, 221, 223, 225-6, 230-3, 235, 236, 238, 245-52, 254-9, 264, 267-71, 276, 277, 313, 330, 339, 342-5, 361, 369 and language, 4, 148, 158-60, 258, 265, 292, 303, 304, 312, 313, 326 and matter, ix-xv, 10, 11, 48-9, 92, 135, 136, 141, 142, 152-4, 155, 160, 161, 165, 168, 175, 179, 181, 182, 186-7, 190, 193, 194, 195, 198, 199, 201-4, 205-10, 213, 215, 218-20, 224, 225-30, 240-2, 245, 246, 248-52, 254, 256-9, 264, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 297-8, 306, 319, 321, 329, 340, 341-3, 347-9, 355, 358-61, 368, 369 mechanism of the, ix-xv, 4, 30, 32, 47-9, 70, 84-5, 88-9, 101, 137-8, 150-5, 156-7, 160, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 173, 174, 176, 177, 186, 187, 190-3, 194-218, 223-40, 244, 246-7, 249-51, 254, 255, 257, 258, 266, 270, 273, 276-7, 292, 300-21, 325, 329, 330, 332, 337, 338, 339, 341-8, 351, 358-9, 361-2, 363-4, 365, 367 object of the, ix-xv, 7, 8, 10, 17, 20, 21, 30, 31, 34, 35, 37, 46-9, 52, 71, 74, 84, 87-92, 93, 95, 102, 103, 139, 140, 149, 152-66, 168, 173, 175-9, 180, 181, 186, 190, 193-211, 213, 216-20, 223, 224, 226, 228-30, 233, 237, 238, 240, 245, 249-51, 254, 255, 257-9, 261, 264, 265, 270, 271, 273, 274, 298-314, 318-22, 326, 328, 329, 332-8, 342, 344-9, 351, 352-7, 359-61, 363, 365, 369-70 and perception, 4-5, 11, 12, 93-4, 161-2, 168, 176-7, 188, 189, 205, 207, 226-7, 228-9, 230, 238, 249-51, 273, 299-300, 301, 306, 359-60 and rhythm, 299, 300-1, 306-7, 329, 337, 346-7 and science, 8-12, 31, 92-3, 152, 153, 157-8, 159, 160-1, 162-3, 168, 173-6, 187, 193-8, 202, 204, 207-9, 214-6, 217, 225-6, 228-9, 241, 251, 270, 273, 297-8, 306, 321, 322, 329, 333-5, 345, 346-8, 354, 356, 357, 359-60, 362-3, 369-70 and space, 10-11, 154, 156-7, 160-3, 174-5, 176-7, 189, 202-4, 207-12, 215, 218, 222-3, 244, 245, 250, 251, 257-8, 361-2 and time, 4, 8-9, 17, 18, 20-2, 36, 39, 45-6, 47, 51, 163, 300, 301, 331-2, 335-7, 341 possibility of transcending the, xii, xiii, 48, 152, 177-8, 193-4, 198-200, 205-6, 207-8, 266, 360-1. _See_ Philosophy, Intelligence

Intellectualism, hesitation of Descartes between, and intuitionism, 345

Intelligence and action, 137-41, 150, 154-5, 161, 162-3, 181, 189, 198, 306 animal, 138, 187, 188, 212 categories of, x, 48, 195-6 of the child, 147-8 and consciousness, 187 culmination of, 130, 139-40, 174-5. _See_ Superiority genesis of, 136, 177-8, 366 and the individual, 251 and instinct, 109, 135, 136, 141, 142, 168-70, 173-7, 179, 186, 197, 209, 238, 259, 267 in Kant's philosophy, 357-8 and laws, 229-30 limitations of, 152 and matter, 152, 159-60, 161-2, 175, 179, 181, 186, 189, 194-8, 230, 237, 250, 369, 370 mechanism of, 152, 153, 164, 165 and motion, 153, 159-60, 274, 303-7, 312, 313, 329 object of, 145-56, 161, 162, 175, 179, 250 practical nature of, ix-xv, 137-9, 141, 150-1, 247-8, 305, 306, 328-9 and reality, ix-xv, 161-2, 177, 237, 251, 258, 269, 271, 307 and science, 175, 176, 193, 194-5 and signs, 157, 158, 159, 160 and space, 205 _See_ Intellect, Understanding, Reason

Intelligent, the, contrasted with the merely intelligible, 175

Intelligible reality in ancient philosophy, 316-7 world, 160-1

Intelligibles of Plotinus, 353

Intension of knowledge, 149-50

Intensity of consciousness varies with ratio of possible to real

## action, 144-5

Intention as contrasted with mechanism, 233. _See_ Automatic order, Willed order of life the object of instinct, 176, 233

Interaction, universal, 188-9

Interest as cause of variation, 131 in representation of "nought," 296, 297. _See_ Affection, rôle of, etc.

Internal finality, 41

Internality of instinct, 168, 174-5, 176-7 of subject in object the condition of knowledge of reality, 307, 317, 358-9

Interpenetration, 161, 162, 174-5, 177, 184 _note_, 188, 189, 201-3, 207-8, 257, 258, 270, 319-20, 341, 352

Interruption, materiality an, of positivity, 219, 246, 247-8, 319-20. _See_ Inverse relation, etc.

Interval of time, 8-9, 22, 23 between what is done and what might be done covered by consciousness, 179

Intuition, continuity between sensible and ultra-intellectual, 360-1 dialectic and, in philosophy, 238. _See_ Intellect as inversion of intuition fringe of, around the nucleus of intellect, xiii, 12, 46, 49, 193 and instinct, 176-9, 182 and intellect in theoretical knowledge, 176-9, 270-1

Intuitional cosmology as reversed psychology, 207-8 metaphysics contrasted with intellectual or systematic, 191-2, 268-70, 277-8 method of philosophy, apparent vicious circle of, 191-4, 195-8

Intuitionism in Spinoza, 347-8 and intellectualism in Descartes, 345-6

Invention, consciousness as, and freedom, 264, 270-1 creativeness of, 164, 237, 340, 341 disproportion between, and its consequences, 181, 182-3 duration as, 10-1 evolution as, 102-3, 255, 344-5 fervor of, 164 indivisibility of, 164 inference a beginning of, 138 mechanical, 142-3, 194-5 of steam engine as epoch-marking, 138-9 time as, 341 unforeseeableness of, 164 upspringing of, 164 _See_ New

Inverse relation of the physical and psychical, 126-7, 143-4, 145, 173-4, 177-8, 201, 202, 206-7, 208, 210-1, 212, 217, 218, 222, 223, 236, 240, 245, 246, 247-8, 249, 256, 257, 261, 264, 265, 270, 319-20

Irreversibility of duration. _See_ Repetition

Isolated systems of matter, 204, 213, 215, 241, 242, 341, 342, 346, 347-8. _See_ Bodies

Janet, Paul, 60-1 _note_

Jennings, 35 _note_

Jourdain and the two kinds of order, 221

Juxtaposition, 207-8, 338, 339, 341. Cf. Succession

Kaleidoscopic variation, 74

Kant, antinomies of, 204-5, 206 becoming in Kant's successors, 362 coincidence of matter with space in Kant's philosophy, 206, 207-8, 244 construction the method of Kant's successors, 364-5 his criticism of pure reason, 205, 287 _note_, 356-62, 364 degrees of being in Kant's successors, 362-3 duration in Kant's successors, 362-3 intelligence in Kant's philosophy, 230, 357 ontological argument in Kant's philosophy, 285 space and time in Kant's philosophy, 204-6 and Spencer, 364 _See_ Mind and matter, Sensuous manifold, Thing-in-itself

Kantianism, 358, 364

Katagenesis, 34

Kepler, 228-9, 332-5

Knowledge and action, 150, 193-4, 196, 197, 206-7, 208, 218 criticism of, 193-4 discontinuity of, 306 extension of, 149 form of, 148, 194-5, 358-362 formal, 152 genesis of, 190 innate or natural, 146-50 instinct in, 143, 144, 166-9, 173, 177, 192-3, 198, 268 intellect in, ix-xv, 48, 149, 162-4, 177, 179, 193-4, 196-9, 206-7, 208, 218, 237, 238, 251, 270, 305, 306, 312, 313, 315, 317, 325, 331-2, 342, 343, 347-8, 359-60, 361 intension of, 149-50 of reality viewed as the internality of subject in object, 307, 317, 358-9 intuition and intellect in theoretical knowledge, 174-7, 179, 238, 270, 342-4 matter of, 194-5, 357-8, 359-62 of matter, xi, 48, 206-7, 360-1 object of, ix-xv, 1, 48, 147, 148, 159-60, 163, 164, 197-9, 270, 342, 359-60 fundamental problem of, 273-5 as relative to certain requirements of the mind, 152, 190-1, 230 scientific, 193-4, 196-8, 206, 207, 218 theory of, xiii, 177, 179, 197, 204-5, 207-8, 229, 231 unconscious, 142-6, 146, 150, 165, 166 alleged unknowableness of the thing-in-itself, 205, 206

Kunstler, 260 _note_

Labbé 260 _note_

Labor, division of, 99, 110, 118, 140, 157, 166, 260

Lalande, André, 246 _note_

Lamarck, 75-6

Lamarckism, 75-6, 77, 84-87

Language, 4, 147, 157-60, 258, 265, 293, 302-3, 305, 312-4, 320

La Place, 38

Lapsed intelligence, instinct as, 169, 175

Larvae, 19, 140, 145-66, 172-3

Latent geometrism of intellect, 194, 211-2

Law of correlation, 66, 67 and genera, 226-9, 330 heliocentric radius-vector in Kepler's laws, 334 imprint of relations and laws upon consciousness in Spencer's philosophy, 188 and intuitional philosophy, 176-7 physical, contrasted with the laws of our codes, 218-9 physical, expression of the negative movement, 218 physical, mathematical form of, 218, 219, 229-30, 241 relation as, 228, 229-30

Learning, instinctive, 192, 193

Le Dantec, 18 _note_

Leibniz, cause in, 277 dogmatism of, 356, 357 extension in, 351, 352 God in, 351, 352, 356 mechanism in, 348, 351, 355, 356 his philosophy a systematization of physics, 347 space in, 351-2 teleology in, 39, 40 time in, 352, 362

Lepidoptera, 114 _note_, 134

Le Roy, Ed., 218 _note_

Liberation of consciousness, 183-4, 265, 266

Liberty. _See_ Freedom

Life as activity, 128-9, 246 cause in the realm of, 94, 164 complementarity of the powers of, ix-xv, 25-6, 27, 51-5, 97-105, 110, 113, 116-9, 126-7, 131-6, 140-3, 176, 177, 183, 184, 246, 254-7, 266, 270, 343, 344-5 consciousness coextensive with, 186, 257, 270, 362-3 mutual contingency of the orders of life and matter, 235 continuity of, 1-11, 29, 30, 162, 163, 258 as creation, 57-8, 161-2, 223, 230, 246, 247-8, 252, 254, 255 symbolized by a curve, 31, 89, 90 embryonic, 166 and finality, 44, 89, 164, 185, 222-3 fluidity of, 153, 165, 191-2, 193 as free, 129-30 function of, 93-4, 106-10, 113, 114, 117, 120, 121, 126-7, 173-5, 246, 254-6 harmony of the realm of, 50, 51, 103, 116, 117-8, 127 imitation of the inert by, 230 imitation of, by the inert, 33-6 impulse of, prolonged in our will, 239 and individuation, 12-4, 26, 27, 79-80, 85, 87, 88, 127-8, 149, 195-6, 230, 231, 250, 259, 261, 269, 300-1, 302-3. _See_ Individuality indivisibility of, 225-6, 270 and instinct. 136-40, 145, 165-8, 170, 172, 173, 175-9, 186, 192-7, 233, 264, 366 and intellect, ix-xv, 13, 32-5, 44-9, 89, 101, 102-3, 104-5, 127, 136, 152, 160-5, 168, 173-4, 176-9, 181, 191-201, 206, 207, 213, 220, 222-3, 224, 225-6, 257-61, 266, 270, 300-1, 342, 355, 359-61, 365, 366 and interpenetration, 271 as inversion of the inert, 6-7, 8, 176, 177, 186, 190, 191, 196, 197, 201, 202, 207, 208-9, 210-1, 212, 216, 217, 218, 222-3, 225-6, 232, 235, 236, 238, 239, 245-50, 264, 329-31 a limited force, 126, 127, 141, 148, 149, 254 and memory, 167 penetrating matter, 26, 27, 52, 179, 181, 182, 237, 239, 266, 269-70 as tendency to mobility, 128, 131, 132 and physics and chemistry, 31, 33, 35, 36, 225-6 in other planets, 256 as potentiality, 258 repetition in, and in the inert, 224, 225, 230, 231 sinuousness of, 71, 98, 99, 102, 112, 113, 116, 129-30, 212 social, 138, 140, 157-8, 265 in other solar systems, 256 and evolution of species, 247-8, 254, 269 theory of, and theory of knowledge, xii, 177, 179, 197 unforeseeableness of, 6, 8-9, 20, 26-7, 28, 29, 37, 45-6, 47, 48, 52, 86, 96, 163, 164, 184, 223-4, 249, 339, 341 unity of, 250, 268, 270 as a wave flowing over matter, 251, 266 _See_ Impulse of, Organic substance, Organism, Organization, Vital impetus, Vital order, Vital principle, Vitalism, Willed order

Limitations of instinct and of intelligence, 152

Limitedness of the scope of Galileo's physics, 357, 370 of the vital impetus, 126, 127, 141, 148, 149, 255

Linden, Maria von, 114 _note_

Lingulae illustrating failure to evolve, 102

Lizards, color variation in, 72, 74

Locomotion and consciousness, 108, 111, 115, 261. _See_ Mobility, Movement

Logic and action, ix, 44, 46, 162, 179 formal, 292 genesis of, x-xi, xiii-xiv, 49, 103, 104-5, 136, 191-2, 193, 301, 359, 366 and geometry, ix, 161, 176, 212 impotent to grasp life, x, 13, 32, 35, 36, 46-9, 89, 101, 152, 162-5, 194-201, 205, 206, 213, 219, 220, 222, 223, 225-6, 256-61, 266, 270, 313, 355, 360-1, 365 natural, 161, 194-5 of number, 208 and physics, 319-20, 321 and time, 4, 277 _See_ Intellect, Intelligence, Understanding, Order, mathematical

Logical existence contrasted with psychical and physical, 277, 298, 328, 361-2 categories, x, 48, 195, 196 and physical contrasted, 276-7

_Logik_, by Sigwart, 287 _note_

[Greek: logos], in Plotinus, 210 _note_

Looking backward, the attitude of intellect, 46, 237

Lumbriculus, 13

Machinery and intelligence, 141

Machines, natural and artificial, 139. _See_ Implement, Instrument organisms, for action, 252, 254, 300-1

Magnitude, certainty of induction approached as factors approach pure magnitudes, 215-16 and modern science, 333, 335

Man in evolution, attention, 184 brain, 183, 184, 263-5 consciousness, 139-43, 180, 181, 183, 185, 187, 188, 191-2, 212, 262-8 goal, 134, 174-5, 185, 266, 267, 269, 270 habit and invention, 265 intelligence, 133, 137-9, 143, 146, 174, 175, 187, 188, 212, 266, 267 language, 158

Manacéine (de), 124 _note_

Manufacture, the aim of intellect, 137, 138, 145, 152-4, 159-65, 181, 191, 192, 199, 251, 298 and organization, 92, 93, 126-7, 139-43, 150 and repetition, 44, 45, 155-8 _See_ Construction, Solid, Utility

Many and one, categories inapplicable to life, x, 162-3, 177-8, 257, 261, 268 in the idea of individuality, 258 _See_ Multiplicity

Martin, J., 102 _note_

Marion, 107 _note_

Material knowledge, 152

Materialists, 240

Materiality the inversion of spirituality, 212

Mathematical order. _See_ Inert matter, Order

Matter. _See_ Inert matter

Maturation as creative evolution, 47-8, 230

Maupas, 35 _note_

Measurement a human convention, 218, 242 of real time an illusion, 336-40

Mechanical account of action after the fact, 47 cause, x, 34, 35, 40, 44, 177, 234, 235 procedure of intellect, 165 invention, 138, 140, 194-5 necessity, 47, 215, 216, 218, 236, 252, 265, 270, 327

Mechanics of transformation, 32

Mechanism, cerebral, 252, 253, 262, 263, 265, 366. _See_ Cerebral activity and consciousness of the eye, 88 instinct as, 176-7 of intellect. _See_ Intellect, mechanism of and intention, 233. _See_ Automatic order, Willed order life more than, x, xiv _note_, 78-9

Mechanistic philosophy, xii, xiv, 17, 29, 30, 37, 74, 88-96, 101, 102, 194-5, 218, 223, 264, 345, 346, 347, 348, 351, 355, 356, 362

Medical philosophers of the eighteenth century, 356 science, 165

Medullary bulb in the development of the nervous system, 252 and consciousness, 110

Memory, 5, 17, 20, 21, 167, 168, 180, 181, 201

Menopause in illustration of crisis of evolution, 19

Mental life, unity of, 268

Metamorphoses of larvae, 139-40, 146-7, 166

Metaphysics and duration, 276 and epistemology, 177, 179, 185, 197, 208-9 Galileo's influence on, 20, 238 instinctive, 191-2, 269, 270, 277-8 and intellect, 189-90 and matter, 194 natural, 21, 325 and science, 176-7, 194-5, 198, 208-9, 344, 354, 369-70 systematic, 191, 192, 194, 195-6, 238, 269, 270, 347

Metchnikoff, 18 _note_

Method of philosophy, 191-2

Microbes, illustrating divergence of tendency, 117

Microbial colonies, 259

Mind, individual, in philosophy, 191 and intellect, 48-9, 205-6 knowledge as relative to certain requirements of the mind, 152, 190-1, 230 and matter, 188-9, 201, 202, 203, 205-6, 264, 269, 270, 350, 365-9 _See_ Psychic, Psycho-physiological parallelism, Psychology and Philosophy, [Greek: psychê]

Minot, Sedgwick, 17 _note_

Mobility, tendency toward, characterizes animals, 109, 110, 113, 129-32, 135, 180 and consciousness, 108, 111, 115-6, 261 and intellect, 154-5, 161-2, 163, 300, 326, 327, 337 of intelligent signs, 158, 159 life as tendency toward, 127-8, 131, 132 in plants, 112, 135 _See_ Motion

Möbius, 60 _note_

Model necessary to the constructive work of intellect, 164, 166-7

Modern astronomy compared with ancient science, 334, 335 geometry compared with ancient science, 31, 161, 334 idealism, 231 philosophy compared with ancient, 225-9, 231, 327-8, 344, 345, 349-51, 354, 356-7 philosophy: parallelism of body and mind in, 180, 350, 355, 356 science: cinematographical character of, 329, 330, 336, 341, 342, 346-7 science compared with ancient, 329-36, 342-5, 356-7 science, Galileo's influence on, 334, 335 science, Kepler's influence on, 334 science, magnitudes the object of, 333, 335 science, time an independent variable in, 20, 335

Molecules, 251

Molluscs, illustrating animal tendency to mobility, 129-31 perception in, 189 vision in, 60, 75, 77, 83, 86, 87

Monads of Leibniz, 351-4

Monera, 126

Monism, 355

Moral sciences, weakness of deduction in, 212

Morat, 123 _note_

Morgan, L., 79 _note_, 80

Motion, abstract, 304 articulations of, 310-1 an animal characteristic, 252 and the cinematograph, 304-5 continuity of, 310 in Descartes, 346-7 evolutionary, extensive and qualitative, 302, 303, 311, 312 in general (_i.e._ abstract), 304-5 indivisibility of, 306-7, 311, 336-7, 338 and instinct, 139-40, 331-2 and intellect, 71, 155, 156, 159-60, 273, 274, 298, 317-8, 321, 329, 331-2, 338, 344-5 organization of, 310-1 track laid by motion along its course, 308-11, 337, 338 _See_ Mobility, Movement

Motive principle of evolution: consciousness, 181-2

Motor mechanisms, cerebral, 252, 253, 263, 265

Moulin-Quignon, quarry of, 137

Moussu, 81

Movement and animal life, 108, 131, 132 ascending, 12, 101, 103, 104, 185, 208-9, 210-1, 369-70. _See_ Vital impetus consciousness and, 111, 118, 144-5, 207-8 descending, 11-2, 202-4, 207-10, 212, 246, 252, 256, 270, 276, 339, 361, 369-70 goal of, the object of the intellect, 155, 299-300, 302, 303 intellect unable to grasp, 313 mutual inversion of cosmic movements, 126-7, 143, 144, 173-4, 176, 177, 209-10, 212, 217, 218, 222-3, 236, 245-51, 261, 264, 265, 272, 342-3 life as, 166, 176-7 and the nervous system, 110, 132, 134, 180, 262-3 of plants, 109, 135-6 _See_ Mobility, Motion, Locomotion, Current, Tendency, Impetus, Impulse, Impulsion

Movements, antagonistic cosmic, 128-9, 135, 181, 185, 250, 259. _See_ Movement, Mutual inversion of cosmic

Multiplicity, abstract, 257, 259 distinct, 202, 209-10, 257. _See_ Interpenetration does not apply to life, x, 162, 177, 257, 261, 270

Mutability, exhaustion of, of the universe, 244, 245

Mutations, sudden, 28, 62-3, 64-8 theory of, 85-6

Natural geometry, 195-6, 211-2 instrument, 141, 144-5, 150-1 or innate knowledge, 147, 150-1 logic, 161, 194-5 metaphysic, 21, 325-6 selection, 54, 56-7, 59-60, 61-5, 68, 95, 169-70

Nature, Aristotelian theory of, 135, 174 discord in, 127-8, 255, 267 facts and relations in, 368 incoherence in, 104 as inert matter, 161-2, 218, 219, 228-9, 239, 245, 264, 280-1, 303, 356, 359-60, 367 as life, 100, 138, 139-40, 141-2, 143, 144-5, 150, 154, 155-6, 227, 241, 260, 269, 270, 301-2 order of, 225-6 as ordered diversity, 231, 233 unity of, 105, 190, 191, 195, 196-9, 322, 352-7, 358

Nebula, cosmic, 249, 257

Necessity for creation, vital impetus as, 252, 261 and death of individuals, 246 _note_ and freedom, 218, 236, 270 in Greek philosophy, 326-7 in induction, 215, 216 and matter, 252, 264

Negation, 275, 285-97. _See_ Nought

Negative cause of mathematical order, 217. _See_ Inverse relation, etc. cosmic principle, 126-7, 143, 144, 173-4, 176-7, 209, 212, 218, 223-4, 236, 245-51, 261, 264-5, 272, 243. _See_ Inert matter, Opposition of the two ultimate cosmic movements, etc.

Neo-Darwinism, 55, 56, 85, 86, 169-70

Neo-Lamarckism, 42 _note_

Nervous system a centre of action, 109, 130-1, 132, 134-5, 180, 253, 261-3 of the plant, 114 primacy of, 120-1, 126-7, 252

Neurone and indetermination, 126

New, freedom and the, 11-2, 164, 165, 199-200, 218, 230, 239, 249, 270, 339-42

Newcomen, 184

Newton, 335

Nitrogen and the function of organisms, 108, 113-4, 117, 255

[Greek: noêseôs noêsis] of Aristotle, 356

Non-existence. _See_ Nought

Nothing. _See_ Nought

Nought, conception of the, 273-80, 281-3, 289-90, 292-8, 316-7, 327. _See_ Negation, Pseudo-ideas, etc.

[Greek: nous poiêtikos] of Aristotle, 322

Novelty. _See_ new.

Nucleus intelligence as the luminous, enveloped by instinct, 166-7 in microbial colonies, 259 intelligence as the solid, bathed by a mist of instinct, 193, 194 of Stentor, 260

Number illustrating degrees of reality, 324-5, 327 logic of, 208

Nuptial flight, 146

Nutritive elements, fixation of, 107-9, 114, 117, 246, 247, 254

Nymph (Zool.), 139, 146

Object of this book, ix-xv of instinct, 146-52, 163, 175-9 of intellect, 146-52, 161-5, 175, 179, 190-1, 199-200, 237, 250, 252, 270, 273, 298-304, 307-8, 311-2, 354, 359 internality of subject in, the condition of knowledge of reality, 307-8, 317-8, 359 of knowledge, 147, 148-9, 159-60 idea of, contrasted with that of universal interaction, 11, 188-9, 207-8 of philosophy as contrasted with object of science, 195-6, 220-1, 225-6, 227, 239, 251, 270, 273, 297-9, 305-6, 347 of science, 329, 332-3, 335-6

Obliteration of outlines in the real, 11, 188, 189, 207-8

Oenothera Lamarckiana, 63, 85-6

Old, growing. _See_ Age the, is the object of the intellect, 163, 164, 199, 270

One and many in the idea of individuality, x, 258. _See_ Unity

Ontological argument in Kant, 284

Opposition of the two ultimate cosmic movements, 128-9, 175-6, 179, 186, 201, 203, 238, 248, 254, 259, 261, 267. _See_ Inverse relation of the physical and psychical

Orchids, instincts of, 170

Order and action, 226-7 complementarity of the two orders, 145-6, 173-4, 221-2. _See_ Order, Mutual inversion of the two orders mutual contingency of the two orders, 231, 235 and disorder, 40, 103-4, 220-2, 225-6, 231-6, 274 mutual inversion of the two orders, 186, 201, 202, 206-9, 211, 212, 216-8, 219-21, 222-3, 225-6, 230, 232, 235, 236, 238, 240, 245-8, 256, 257, 258, 264, 270, 274, 313, 330 mathematical, 153, 209-11, 217-9, 223-6, 230-3, 236, 245, 251, 270, 330-1 of nature, 225-6, 231, 233 as satisfaction, 222, 223, 274 vital, 94-5, 164, 222-7, 230, 235, 236, 237, 330-1 willed, 224, 239

Organ and function, 88-91, 93-4, 95, 132, 140, 141, 157, 161-2

Organic destruction and physico-chemistry, 226 substance, 131, 140, 141-2, 149, 162-3, 195-6, 240 _note_, 255, 267 world, cleft between, and the inorganic, 190, 191, 196, 197-8 world, harmony of, 50-1, 103, 104, 116, 118, 126-7 world, instinct the procedure of, 165

Organism and action, 123-4, 125, 174, 253, 254, 300-1 ambiguity of primitive, 99, 112, 113, 116, 129, 130 association of organisms, 260 change and the, 301, 302-3 complementarity of intelligence and instinct in the, 141-2, 150, 181, 184, 185 complexity of the, 162, 250, 252, 253, 260 consciousness and the, 111, 145, 179, 180, 262, 270 contingency of the actual chemical nature of the, 255, 257 differentiation of parts in, 252, 260. _See_ Organism, complexity of extension of, by artificial instruments, 141, 161 freedom the property of every, 130, 131 function of, 26, 27, 79, 80, 85, 87, 88, 93-4, 106-110, 113, 114, 117, 120, 121, 126-7, 128, 136, 173-5, 230, 231, 246, 247, 250, 251, 254, 255, 256, 258, 270 function and structure, 55, 61, 62, 69, 74, 75, 76-7, 86, 88-91, 93-4, 95, 96-7, 118-9, 132, 139, 140, 157-8, 161-3, 250, 252, 256 generality typified by similarity among organisms, 223, 224, 228-9, 230 hive as, 166 and individuation, x, 12, 13, 15, 23, 26-7, 42, 149, 195-6, 225-6, 228-9, 259, 260, 261, 270 mutual interpenetration of organisms, 177-8 mechanism of the, 31, 92-3, 94 philosophy and the, 195-6 unity of the, 176-8

Organization of action, 142, 145, 147-8, 150, 181, 184, 185 of duration, 5-6, 15, 25, 26 explosive character of, 92 and instinct, 24, 138-46, 150, 165-7, 171-2, 173, 176, 192-3, 194, 264 and intellect, 161-2 and manufacture, 92, 93, 94-5, 96, 126-8 is the _modus vivendi_ between the antagonistic cosmic currents, 181, 250, 254 of motion, 310 and perception, 226-7

Originality of the willed order, 224

Orthogenesis, 69, 86-7

Oscillation between association and individuation, 259, 261. _See_ Societies of ether, 301-2 of instinct and intelligence about a mean position, 136 of pendulum, illustrating space and time in ancient philosophy, 318-9, 320 between representation of inner and outer reality, 279-80 of sensible reality in ancient philosophy about being, 316-8

Outlines of perception the plan of action, 5, 11, 12, 93, 188, 189, 204-5, 206-7, 226-7, 228-9, 230, 250, 299-300, 306

Oxygen, 114, 254, 255

Paleontology, 24-5, 129, 139

Paleozoic era, 102

Parallelism, psycho-physiological, 180, 350, 351, 355, 356

Paralyzing instinct in hymenoptera, 139-40, 146, 172, 174-5

Parasites, 106, 108, 109, 111-13, 134-5

Parasitism, 132

Passivity, 222-4

Past, subsistence of, in present, 4, 20-3, 26-7, 108, 199-202

Peckham, 173-4 _note_

Pecten, illustrating identical structures in divergent lines of evolution, 62, 63, 75

Pedagogical and social nature of negation, 287-97

Pedagogy and the function of the intellect, 165

Penetration, reciprocal, 161-2. _See_ Interpenetration

Perception and action, 4-5, 11, 12, 93, 188, 189, 206, 226-7, 228-9, 300-1, 306-7 and becoming, 176-7, 303-6 cinematographical character of, 206-7, 249, 251, 331-2 distinctness of, 226-7, 250 and geometry, 205, 230 in molluscs, 188 and organization, 226-7 prolonged in intellect, 161-2, 273 reaction in, 264 and recollection, 180, 181 refracts reality, 204, 238, 359-60 rhythm of, 299-300, 301 and science, 168

Permanence an illusion, 299-301

Peron, 80

Perrier, Ed., 260 _note_

Personality, absolute reality of, 269 concentration of, 201, 202 and matter, 269, 270 the object of intuition, 268 tension of, 199, 200, 201

Perthes, Boucher de, 137

Phaedrus, 156 _note_

Phagocytes and external finality, 42

Phagocytosis and growing old, 18

Phantom ideas and problems, 177, 277, 283, 296

Philosophical explanation contrasted with scientific explanation, 168

Philosophy and art, 176-7 and biology, 43-4, 194-6 and experience, 197-8 function of 29-30, 84-5, 93-4, 168, 173-4, 194-7, 198, 268, 269, 369-70 history of, 238 incompletely conscious of itself, 207-8, 209 individual mind in, 191 and intellect, ix-xv intellect and intuition in, 238 of intuition, 176-7, 191-4, 196, 197, 277 method of, 191-2, 194, 195, 239 object of, 239 and the organism, 195-6 and physics, 194, 208 and psychology, 194, 196 and science, 175, 196-7, 208, 345, 370 _See_ Ancient philosophy, Cosmology, Finalism, Mechanistic philosophy, Metaphysics, Modern philosophy, Post-Kantian philosophy

Phonograph illustrating "unwinding" cause, 73

Phosphorescence, consciousness compared to, 262

Photograph, illustrating the nature of the intellectual view of reality, 31, 304-5

Photography, instantaneous, illustrating the mechanism of the intellect, 331-2, 333

Physical existence, as contrasted with logical, 276, 297-8, 328, 361 laws, their precise form artificial, 218, 219, 229, 240-1 laws and the negative cosmic movement, 218 operations the object of intelligence, 175, 250 order, imitation of, by the vital, 230 science, 176-7

Physicochemistry and organic destruction, 226 and biology, 25-6, 29-30, 34, 35, 36, 55, 57, 98, 194

Physics, ancient, "logic spoiled," 320, 321-2 of ancient philosophy, 315, 320, 321-2, 355 of Aristotle, 228 _note_, 324 _note_, 331, 332 and deduction, 213 of Galileo, 357, 369-70 and individuality of bodies, 188, 208 as inverted psychics, 202 and logic, 319-20, 321 and metaphysics, 194, 208 and mutability, 245 success of, 218, 219

Pigment-spot and adaptation, 60, 61, 71-3, 76-7 and heredity, 83, 84

Pinguicula, certain animal characteristics of, 107

Plan, motionless, of action the object of intellect, 155, 298-9, 301-2, 303

Planets, life in other, 256

Plants and animals in evolution, 105-39, 142-3, 144, 145-6, 147, 168, 169-70, 181, 182, 183-4, 185, 254, 267 complementarity of, to animals, 183-4, 185, 267 consciousness of, 109, 111, 113, 120, 128-35, 142-3, 144, 181, 182, 292. _See_ Torpor, Sleep function of, 107-9, 113, 114, 117, 246, 247, 254, 256 function and structure in, 67, 77-8, 79 individuation in, 12 instinct in, 170, 171 and mobility, 108, 109, 111-13, 118-9, 129, 130, 135-6 parallelism of evolution with animals, 59-60, 106-8, 116 supporters of all life, 271 variation of, 85, 86

Plasma, continuity of germinative, 25-6, 42, 78-83

Plastic substances, 255

Plato, 49, 156, 191, 210 _note_, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321, 327, 330, 347, 349

Platonic ideas, 49, 315-6, 321, 322, 327, 330, 352

Plotinus, 210 _note_, 314-5, 323, 324 _note_, 349, 352, 353

Plurality, confused, of life, 257. _See_ Interpenetration

Poem, sounds of, distinct to perception; the sense indivisible to intuition, 209 illustrating creation of matter, 240, 319-20

[Greek: poiêtikos, nous], of Aristotle, 322

Polymorphism of ants, bees, and wasps, 140 of insect societies, 157

Polyzoism, 260

Positive reality, 208, 212. _See_ Reality

Positivity, materiality an inversion or interruption of, 219, 246, 247-8, 319-20

Possible activity as a factor in consciousness, 11, 12, 96, 144, 145, 146-7, 158-9, 165, 179, 180, 181, 189, 264, 368 existence, 290, 295

Post-Kantian philosophy, 362, 363

Potential activity. _See_ Possible activity genera, 226 knowledge, 142-7, 150, 166

Potentiality, life as an immense, 258, 270 zone of, surrounding acts, 179, 180, 181, 264. _See_ Possible activity

Powers of life, complementarity of, xii, xiii, 26, 27, 51-5, 97-105, 110, 113, 116-8, 119, 126-7, 131-6, 140-3, 176, 177, 183, 184, 246, 254, 255, 257, 266, 270, 343, 345

Practical nature of perception and its prolongation in intellect and science, 137-41, 150, 193-4, 196, 197, 206, 207-8, 218, 247-8, 273, 281, 305, 306-7, 328, 329

Preëstablished harmony, 205-6, 207

Present, creation of, by past, 5, 20-3, 26-7, 167, 199-202

Prevision. _See_ Foreseeing

Primacy of nervous system, 120-6, 252

Primary instinct, 138-9, 168

Primitive organisms, ambiguous forms of, 99, 112, 113, 116, 129, 130

"Procession" in Alexandrian philosophy, 323

Progress, adaptation and, 101 ff. evolutionary, 50, 133, 134, 138, 141-2, 173-4, 175, 185, 264-5, 266

Prose and verse, illustrating the two kinds of orders, 221, 232

Protophytes, colonizing of, 259

Protoplasm, circulation of, 32-3, 108 and senescence, 18, 19 imitation of, 32-3, 35 primitive, and the nervous system, 124, 126-7 of primitive organisms, 99, 108, 109 and the vital principle, 42-3

Protozoa, association of, 259-61 ageing of, 16 of ambiguous form, 112 and individuation, 14, 259-61 mechanical explanation of movements of, 33 and nervous system, 126 reproduction of, 14

Pseudo-ideas and problems, 177, 277, 283, 296

Pseudoneuroptera, division of labor among, 140

[Greek: pschnê] of Aristotle, 350 of Plotinus, 210 _note_

Psychic activity, twofold nature of, 136, 140-1, 142-3 life, continuity of, 1-11, 29-30

Psychical existence contrasted with logical, 276, 297-8, 327-8, 361 nature of life, 257

Psychics inverted physics, 201, 202. _See_ Inverse relation of the physical and psychical

Psychology and deduction, 212-3 and the genesis of intellect, 187, 194, 195-6, 197 intuitional cosmology as reversed, 208-9

Psycho-physiological parallelism, 180, 350, 351, 355, 356

Puberty, illustrating crises in evolution, 19, 320-1

Qualitative, evolutionary and extensive becoming, 313 motion, 302-3, 304, 311

Qualities, acts, forms, the classes of representation, 303, 314 bodies as bundles of, 300-1 coincidence of, 309 and movements, 299-300 and natural geometry, 211 superimposition of, in induction, 216

Quality is change, 299-300 in Eleatic philosophy, 314-5 and quantity in ancient philosophy, 323-4 and quantity in modern philosophy, 350 and rhythm, 300-2

Quaternary substances, 121

Quinton, René, 134 _note_

Radius-vector, Heliocentric, in Kepler's laws, 334

Rank, evolutionary, 50, 133-5, 173-4, 265

Reaction, rôle of, in perception, 226-7

Ready-made categories, x, xiv, 48, 237, 250, 251, 273, 311, 321, 329, 354, 359

Real activity as distinguished from possible, 145 common-sense is continuous experience of the, 213 continuity of the, 302, 329 dichotomy of the, in modern philosophy, 349 imitation of the, by intelligence, 90, 204, 258, 270, 307, 355 obliteration of outlines in the, 11-2, 188, 189, 207-8 representation of the, by science, 203-4

Realism, ancient, 231-2

Realists and idealists alike assume possibility of absence of order, 220, 231-2

Reality, absolute, 198, 228-9, 230, 269, 359-60, 361 as action, 47, 191-2, 194-5, 249 degrees of, 323, 327 in dogmatic metaphysics, 196 double form of, 179-80, 216, 230-1, 236 as duration, 11-2, 217, 272 as flux, 165, 250, 251, 294, 337, 338, 342 and the frames of the intellect, 363-4, 365. _See_ Frames of the understanding as freedom, 247 of genera in ancient philosophy, 226-7 is growth, 239 imitation of, by the intellect, 89-90, 365 and the intellect, 52, 89-90, 153, 191, 192, 314-5, 355-6 intelligible, in ancient philosophy, 317 knowledge of, 307-8, 317, 358-9 and mechanism, 351, 354-5 as movement, 90, 155, 301-2, 312 and not-being, 276, 280, 285 of the person, 269 refraction of, through the forms of perception, 204, 238, 359-60 and science, 194, 196, 198, 199, 203-4, 206-8, 354, 357 sensible, in ancient philosophy, 314, 317, 321, 327, 328, 352 symbol of, xi, 30-1, 71, 88-9, 93-4, 195-6, 197, 209, 240, 342, 360-1, 369 undefinable conceptually, 13, 49 unknowable in Kant, 205 unknowable in Spencer, xi views of, 30-1, 71, 84, 88, 199, 201, 206-7, 225-6, 249, 258, 273, 300-7, 311, 314, 331-2, 342, 351, 352

Reason and life, 7, 8, 48, 161 cannot transcend itself, 193-4

Reasoning and acting, 192-3 and experience, 203-4 and matter, 204-5, 208-9 on matter and life, 7, 8

Recollection, dependence of, on special circumstances, 167, 180 in the dream, 202, 207-8 and perception, 180, 181

Recommencing, continual, of the present in the state of relaxation, 201

Recomposing, decomposing and, the characteristic powers of intellect, 157, 251

Record, false comparison of memory with, 5

Reflection, 158-9

Reflex activity, 110 compound, 173-4, 175-6

Refraction of the idea through matter or non-being, 316-7 of reality through forms of perception, 204, 238, 359-60

Regeneration and individuality, 13, 14

Register of time, 16, 20, 37

Reinke, 42 _note_

Relation, imprint of relations and laws upon consciousness, 188 as law, 229, 230-1 and thing, 147-52, 156-7, 160, 161, 187, 202, 352, 357

Relativism, epistemological, 196, 197, 230

Relativity of immobility, 155 of the intellect, xi, 48-9, 152, 153, 187, 195-6, 197-8, 199, 219, 273, 306-7, 360-1 of knowledge, 152, 191, 230 of perception, 226-7, 228, 300-1

Relaxation in the dream state, 201, 209-10 and extension, 201, 207-8, 209, 210, 212, 218, 223, 245 and intellect, 200, 207-8, 209, 212, 218 logic a, of virtual geometry, 212 matter a, of unextended into extended, 218 memory vanishes in complete, 200 necessity as, of freedom, 218 present continually recommences in the state of relaxation, 200 will vanishes in complete, 200, 207-8 _See_ Tension

Releasing cause, 73, 74, 115, 118-9, 120

Repetition and generalization, 230-1, 232 and fabrication, 44-5, 46, 155-8 and intellect, 156-7, 199, 214-6 of states, 5-6, 7-8, 28-9, 30, 36, 45-6, 47 in the vital and in the mathematical order, 225, 226, 230, 231

Representation and action, 143-4, 145, 180 classes of: qualities, forms, acts, 302-3, 314 and consciousness, 143-4 of motion, 159-60, 303-4, 305, 306-7, 308, 313, 315, 344-5 of the Nought, 273-80, 281-4, 289-317, 327

Represented or internalized action distinguished from externalized

## action, 144-7, 158-9, 165

Reproduction and individuation, 13, 14

Resemblance. _See_ Similarity

Reservoir, organism a, of energy, 115, 116, 125-6, 245, 246, 254

Rest and motion in Zeno, 308-12

Retrogression in evolution, 133, 134

Retrospection the function of intellect, 47-8, 237

Reversed psychology: intuitional cosmology, 208

Rhizocephala and animal mobility, 111

Rhumbler, 34 _note_

Rhythm of duration, 11-2, 127-8, 300-1, 345-7 intelligence adopts the, of action, 305-6 of perception, 299-300, 301 and quality, 301 scanning the, of the universe the function of science, 346-7 of science must coincide with that of action, 320 of the universe untranslatable into scientific formulae, 337

Rings of arthropods, 132-3

Ripening, creative evolution as, 47-8, 340-1

Romanes, 139

Roule, 27 _note_

Roy (Le), Ed., 218 _note_

_Salamandra maculata_, vision in, 75

Salensky, 75 _note_

Same, function of intellect connecting same with same, 199-200, 233, 270

Samter and Heymons, 72 _note_

Saporta (De), 112 _note_

Savage's sense of distance and direction, 212

Skepticism or dogmatism the dilemma of any systematic metaphysics, 195-6, 197, 230-1

Schisms in the primitive impulsion of life, 254-5, 257. _See_ Divergent lines of evolution

Scholasticism, 370

Science and action, 93, 195, 198, 328-9 ancient, and modern, 329-37, 342-5, 357 astronomy, ancient and modern, 334-5, 336 cartesian geometry and ancient geometry, 333-4 cinematographical character of modern, 329, 330, 336-7, 340-1, 342, 345-8 conventionality of a certain aspect of, 206-7 and deduction, 212-3 and discontinuity, 161-2 function of, 92, 167-8, 173-4, 176-7, 193-4, 195-6, 198-9, 328-9, 346-7 Galileo's influence on modern, 333-4, 335 and instinct, 169, 170, 173-4, 175, 193-5 and intelligence, 176, 177, 193-6 Kepler's influence on modern, 334 and matter, 194-5, 206-7, 208 modern. _See_ Modern science object of, 195-6, 220, 221, 251, 270-1, 273, 296-8, 306-7, 328-9, 332-3, 335-6, 347-8 and perception, 168 and philosophy, 175-6, 196-7, 208-9, 344, 370 physical. _See_ Physics and reality. _See_ Reality and science and time, 8-13, 20, 335-8 unity of, 195-6, 197, 228-9, 230, 321-2, 323, 344-5, 347-8, 349, 354, 355-6, 359-60, 362-3

Scientific concepts, 338-40 explanation and philosophical explanation, 168 formulae, 337 geometry, 161, 211 knowledge, 193-4, 196-7, 198, 199, 207, 208, 218

Sclerosis and ageing, 19

Scolia, paralyzing instinct in, 172

Scope of action indefinitely extended by intelligent instruments, 141 of Galileo's physics, 357, 370

Scott, 63 _note_

Sea-urchin and individuality, 13

Séailles, 29 _note_

Secondary instincts, 139, 168

Sectioning of becoming in the philosophy of ideas, 317-8 of matter by perception, 206-7, 249, 251

Sedgwick, 260 _note_

Seeing and willing, coincidence of, in intuition, 237

Selection, natural, 54, 56-7, 59-60, 61-2, 63, 64, 68, 95-6, 169, 170

Self, coincidence of, with, 199 existence of, means change, 1 ff. knowledge of, 1 ff.

Senescence, 15-23, 26-7, 42-3

Sensation and space, 202

Sense-perception. _See_ Perception

Sensible flux, 316-7, 318, 321, 322, 327, 343, 345 intuition and ultra-intellectual, 360-1 object, apogee of, 342-3, 344-5, 349 reality, 314, 317, 319, 327, 328, 352

Sensibility, forms of, 361

Sensitive plant, in illustration of mobility in plants, 109

Sensori-motor system. _See_ Nervous system

Sensuous manifold, 205, 221, 232, 235, 236

Sentiment, poetic, in illustration of individuation, 258, 259

Serkovski, 259 _note_

Serpula, in illustration of identical evolution in divergent lines, 96

Sexual cells, 14, 26, 27, 79-81

Sexuality parallel in plants and animals, 58-60, 119-21

Shaler, N.S., 133 _note_, 184 _note_

Sheath, calcareous, in illustration of animal tendency to mobility, 130-1

Signs, function of, 158, 159, 160 the instrument of science, 329-30

Sigwart, 287 _note_

Silurian epoch, failure of certain species to evolve since, 102

Similarity among individuals of same species the type of generality, 224-6, 228-9, 230-1 and mechanical causality, 44, 45

Simultaneity, to measure time is merely to count simultaneities, 9, 336, 337, 341

Sinuousness of evolution, 71, 98, 102, 212-3

Sitaris, unconscious knowledge of, 146, 147

Situation and magnitude, problems of, 211

Sketching movements, function of consciousness, 207-8

Sleep, 129-31, 135, 181

Snapshot, in illustration of intellectual representation of motion, 305, 306, 313, 315, 344 _See_ View of reality, Cinematographical character, etc. form defined as a, of transition, 301-2, 317, 318, 321-2, 345

Social instinct, 101, 140, 158, 171-2 life, 138, 140, 158, 265 and pedagogical character of negation, 287-97

Societies, 101, 131-2, 158, 171-2, 259

Society and the individual, 260, 265

Solar energy stored by plants, released by animals, 246, 254 systems, 241-4, 246 _note_, 256, 270 systems, life in other, 256

Solid, concepts analogous to solids, ix intellect as a solid nucleus, 193, 194 the material of construction and the object of the intellect, 153, 154, 161, 162, 251

Solidarity between brain and consciousness, 180, 262 of the parts of matter, 203, 207-8, 241, 271

Solidification operated by the understanding, 249

[Greek: sôma] in Aristotle, 350

Somnambulism and consciousness, 144, 145, 159

Soul and body, 350 and cell, 269 creation of, 270

Space and action, 203 in ancient philosophy, 318, 319 and concepts, 160-1, 163, 174-5, 176-7, 188-9, 257-9 geometrical, 203 homogeneity of, 156, 212 and induction, 216 in Kant's philosophy, 205, 206, 207, 244 in Leibniz's philosophy, 351 and matter, 189, 202-13, 244, 257, 264, 361-2, 368 and time in Kant's philosophy, 205-6 unity and multiplicity determinations of, 357-9 _See_ Extension

Spatiality atmosphere of, bathing intelligence, 205 degradation of the extra-spatial, 207 and distinctness, 203, 207, 244, 250, 257-9 and geometrical space, 203, 211, 213, 218 and mathematical order, 208, 209

Special instincts and environment, 138, 168, 192-3, 194 and recollections, 167, 168, 180 as variations on a theme, 167, 172, 264

Species, articulate, 133 evolution of, 247, 255, 269 and external finality, 128-9, 130-1, 132, 266 fossil, 102 human, as goal of evolution, 266, 267 human, styled _homo faber_, 139 and instinct, 140, 167, 170-2, 264 and life, 167 similarity within, 223-6, 228-9, 230-1

Speculation, dead-locks in, xii, 155, 156, 312, 313-4 object of philosophy, 44, 152, 196, 198, 220, 225-6, 227, 251, 270-1, 273, 297-8, 306-7, 317, 347-8

Spencer, Herbert, xi, xiv, 78-9, 153, 188, 189, 190, 364, 365

Spencer's evolutionism, correspondence between mind and matter in, 368 cosmogony in, 188 imprint of relations and laws upon consciousness in, 188 matter in, 365, 367 mind in, 365, 367

Spheres, concentric, in Aristotle's philosophy, 328

Sphex, paralyzing instinct in, 172-5

Spiders and paralyzing hymenoptera, 172

Spinal cord, 110

Spinoza, the adequate and the inadequate, 353 cause, 277 dogmatism, 356, 357 eternity, 353 extension, 350 God, 351, 357 intuitionism, 347 mechanism, 348, 352, 355, 356 time, 362

Spirit, 251, 269, 270

Spirituality and materiality, 128-9, 201-3, 316-7, 208-9, 210-1, 212-3, 217, 218, 219, 222-3, 237, 238, 245, 247-8, 249, 251, 254, 256, 257, 259, 261, 267, 270-1, 272, 276, 343

Spontaneity of life, 86, 237. _See_ Freedom and mechanism, 40 in vegetables, 109 and the willed order, 224

Sport (biol.), 63

Starch, in the function of vegetable kingdom, 114

States of becoming, 1, 13, 163, 247-8, 299, 300, 307

Static character of the intellect, 155-6, 163, 274, 298 views of becoming, 273

Stehasny, 124 _note_

Steam-engine and bronze, parallel as epoch-marking, 138-9

Stentor and individuality, 260

Stoics, 316

Storing of solar energy by plants, 246, 253-6

Strain of bow and indivisibility of motion, 308

Stream, duration as a, 39, 338

Structure and function. _See_ Function and structure identical, in divergent lines of evolution, 55, 60, 61-2, 63, 69, 73-4, 75, 76-7, 83, 86, 87, 118-9

Subject and attribute, 147-8

Substance, albuminoid, 120-1 continuity of living, 162 organic, 121, 131, 140, 142, 149, 162-3, 195-7 _note_, 255, 267 in Spinoza's philosophy, 350 ternary substances, 121

Substantives, adjectives, verbs, correspond to the three classes of representation, 302-4

Substitution essential to representation of the Nought, 281, 283-4, 289-90, 291, 294, 296

Success of physics, 218, 219-20 and superiority, 133, 264-5

Succession in time, 10, 339, 340, 341, 345. Cf. Juxtaposition

Successors of Kant, 363, 364

Sudden mutations, 28, 62-3, 64-5, 68-9

Sun, 115, 241, 323

Superaddition of existence upon nothingness, 276 of order upon disorder, 236, 275

Superimposition. _See_ Measurement of qualities, in induction, 216

Superiority, evolutionary, 133-5, 173, 174-5

Superman, 267

Supraconsciousness, 261

Survival of the fit, 169. _See_ Natural selection

Swim, learning to, as instinctive learning, 193, 194

Symbol, the concept is a, 161, 209, 341-2 of reality, xi, 30-1, 71, 88-9, 93, 195-6, 210, 240, 342, 360-1, 369-70

Symbolic knowledge of life, 199, 342, 360

Symbolism, 176, 180, 360

Sympathetic or intuitive knowledge, 209, 210, 342

Sympathy, instinct is, 164, 168, 172-8, 342-3. _See_ Divination, Feeling, Inspiration

Systematic metaphysics, dilemma of, 195, 196, 230-1 contrasted with intuitional, 191-2, 193-4, 238, 269, 270, 277, 346-8 postulate of, 190, 195

Systematization of physics, Liebniz's philosophy, 347

Systems, isolated, 9-13, 203, 214, 215, 241, 242, 342, 347-9

Tangent and curve, analogy with deduction and the moral sphere, 214 analogy with physico-chemistry and life, 31

Tarakevitch, 124 _note_

Teleology. _See_ Finalism

Tendency, antagonistic tendencies of life, 13, 98, 103, 113, 135, 150 antagonistic tendencies in development of nervous system, 124-5 complementary tendencies of life, 51, 103, 135, 150, 168, 246 to dissociation, 260 divergent tendencies of life, 54, 89, 99, 101, 107-8, 109-10, 112, 116-8, 134, 135, 150, 181, 246, 254-8 to individuation, 13 life a tendency to act on inert matter, 96 toward mobility in animals, 109, 110, 113, 127-8, 129-33, 135, 181, 182 the past exists in present tendency, 5 to reproduce, 13 of species to change, 85-86 mathematical symbols of tendencies, 22, 23 toward systems, in matter, 10 transmission of, 80-1 a vital property is a, 13

Tension and extension, 236, 245 and freedom, 200-2, 207-8, 223, 237, 239, 300-2 matter the inversion of vital, 239 of personality, 199-200, 201, 207-8, 237, 239, 300

Ternary substances, 121

Theology consequent upon philosophy of ideas, 316

Theoretic fallacies, 263, 264 knowledge and instinct, 177, 268 knowledge and intellect, 155, 177, 179, 238, 270, 342, 343

Theorizing not the original function of the intellect, 154-5

Theory of knowledge, xiii, 178, 180, 184-5, 197, 204, 207-8, 209, 228-9, 231 of life, xiii, 178, 180, 197

Thermodynamics, 241-2. _See_ Conservation of energy, Degradation of energy

Thesis and antithesis, 205

Thing as distinguished from motion, 187, 202, 247-8, 249, 299-300 as distinguished from relation, 147, 148, 150, 152, 158-9, 159-60, 161, 187, 202, 352, 356-7 and mind, 206 as solidification operated by understanding, 249

Thing-in-itself, 205, 206, 230-1, 312

Timaeus, 318 _note_

Time and the absolute, 240, 241, 297-8, 339, 343-4 abstract, 21, 22, 37, 39 articulations of real, 331-3 as force, 16, 45-6, 47, 51, 103, 339 homogeneous, 17, 18, 163-4, 331-3 as independent variable, 20, 335-7 interval of, 9, 22, 23 as invention, 341-2 in Leibniz's philosophy, 351, 352, 362 and logic, 4, 277 and simultaneity, 9, 336, 337, 341 in modern science 321-37, 341-5 and space in Kant, 205 and space in ancient philosophy, 318, 319. _See_ Duration

Tools and intellect, 137-41, 150-1. _See_ Implement

Torpor, in evolution, 109, 111, 113, 114 _note_, 120, 128-35, 181, 292

Tortoise, Achilles and the, in Zeno, 311

Touch, science expresses all perception as touch, 168 is to vision as intelligence to instinct, 169

Track laid by motion along its course, 309-12, 337

Transcendental Aesthetic, 203

Transformation, 32, 72, 73, 131, 231, 263

Transformism, 23-5

Transition, form a snapshot view of, 301-2, 316-7, 318, 321, 344-5

Transmissibility of acquired characters, 75-84, 87, 168, 169, 172-3, 225-6, 230-1

Transmission of the vital impetus, 26, 27, 79, 85, 87, 88, 93-4, 110, 126-7, 128, 230, 231, 246, 255, 256, 257, 259, 270

Trigger-action of motor mechanisms, 272

Triton, Regeneration in, 75

Tropism and psychical activity, 35 _note_

Truth seized in intuition, 318-20

Unconscious effort, 170 instinct, 142-3, 144, 145-6, 147, 166 knowledge, 145-8, 150-1

Unconsciousness, two kinds of, 144

Undefinable, reality, 13, 48

Understanding, absoluteness of, 153-4, 190-1, 197-8, 199, 200 and action, ix, xi, 179 genesis of the, ix-xv, 49, 189, 207-8, 257-9, 359, 361-2 and geometry, ix, xii and innateness of categories, 147, 148-9 and intuition, 46-7 and life, ix-xv, 13, 32-3, 46-50, 88-9, 101, 147-8, 149, 152, 162-5, 173-4, 176-7, 178, 195-201, 213, 220, 222-3, 224, 226, 257-9, 261, 266, 270, 271, 313, 361-2, 365 and inert matter, 166, 168, 179, 194-5, 198, 205-6, 207, 219, 355 and the ready-made, xiii, 48, 237, 250, 251, 273, 311, 321, 328-9, 354, 358 and the solid, ix unlimited scope of the, 149, 150, 152 _See_ Intellect, Intelligence, Concept, Categories, Frames of the understanding, Logic

Undone, automatic and determinate evolution is action being, 249

Unfolding cause, 73, 74

Unforeseeableness of action, 47 of duration, 6, 164, 340-2 of evolution, 47, 48, 52, 86, 224 of invention, 164 of life, 164, 184 and the willed order, 224, 342-3 _See_ Foreseeing

Unification as the function of the intellect, 152, 154, 357-8

Uniqueness of phases of duration, 164

Unity of extension, 154 of knowledge, 195-6 of life, 106-7, 250, 268, 271 of mental life, 268 and multiplicity as determinations of space, 351-3 of nature, 104-5, 189-90, 191, 195-6, 197, 199, 322, 352, 356-8 of the organism, 176-7 of science, 195-6, 197, 228-9, 230, 321, 322, 344-5, 347, 359-60, 362-3

Universal interaction, 188, 189 life, consciousness coextensive with, 186, 257, 270

Universe, continuity of, 346 Descartes's, 346 physical, and the idea of disorder, 233, 275 duration of, 10, 11, 241 evolution of, 241, 246 _note_ growth of, 342-3, 344 movement of, in Aristotle, 323 mutability of, 244, 245 as organism, 31, 241 as realization of plan, 40 rhythm of, 337, 339, 346-7 states of, considered by science, 336, 337 as unification of physics, 348-9, 357

Unknowable, the, of evolutionism, xi the, in Kant, 204, 205, 206

Unmaking, the nature of the process of materiality, 245, 248, 249, 251, 272, 342-3

Unorganized bodies, 7-8, 14, 20, 21, 186. _See_ inert matter instruments, 137-9, 140-1, 150-1 matter, cleft between, and the organized, 190, 191, 196, 197-9 matter, imitation of the organized by, 33-4, 35, 36 matter and science, 194-6 matter. _See_ inert matter

Unwinding cause, 73 of immutability in Greek philosophy, 325, 352

Upspringing of invention, 164

Utility, 4-5, 150, 152, 154-5, 158-9, 160, 168, 187, 195-6, 247-8, 297-8, 328-9, 330

_Vanessa levana_ and _Vanessa prorsa_, transformation of, 72

Variable, time as an independent, 20, 336

Variation, accidental, 55, 63-4, 68, 85, 168-9 of color, in lizards, 72, 74 by deviation, 82-3, 84 of evolutionary type, 23-4, 72 _note_, 131-2, 137-8, 167, 169, 171-2, 264 insensible, 63, 68 interest as cause of, 131-2 in plants, 85-86

Vegetable kingdom. _See_ Plants

Verb, relation expressed by, 148

Verbs, substantives and adjectives, 303

Verse and prose, in illustration of the two kinds of order, 221, 232

Vertebrate, ix, 126, 130, 131-4, 141

Vibrations, matter analyzed into elementary, 201

Vicious circle, apparent, of intuitionism, 192-4, 196-7 of intellectualism, 194, 197, 318-9, 320

View, intellectual, of becoming, 4, 90-1, 273, 298-9, 304, 305, 310, 326-7 intellectual, of matter, 203, 240, 250, 254, 255 of reality, 206

Vignon, P., 35 _note_

Virtual actions, 12. _See_ Possible action geometry, 212

Vise, consciousness compressed in a, 179

Vision of God, in Alexandrian philosophy, 322 in molluscs. See Eye of molluscs, etc. in _Salamandra maculata_, 75

Vital activity, 134-6, 139, 140, 166-9, 246, 247-8 current, 26, 27, 53-5, 80, 85, 87, 88, 96-105, 118-9, 120, 230-1, 232, 239, 257, 266, 270 impetus, 50-1, 53-5, 85, 87, 88, 98-105, 118-9, 126-7, 128, 131-2, 141-2, 148-9, 150, 218, 230-1, 232, 247-8, 250, 252, 254-5, 261 order, cause in, 34, 35, 94-5, 164 order, finality and, 223-5, 226 order, generalization in the, and in the mathematical order contrasted, 225, 226, 230-1 order, and the geometrical order, 222-3, 225, 226, 230, 231, 235, 236, 330-1 order, imitation of physical order by vital, 230 principle, 42, 43, 225, 226 order, repetition in the vital and the mathematical orders contrasted, 225, 226, 230, 231 process, 166-7

Vitalism, 42, 43

Void, representation of, 273, 274, 275, 277-8, 281, 283-4, 289-90, 291, 292, 294, 296, 298

Voisin, 80

Volition and cerebral mechanism, 253-4

Voluntary activity, 110, 252

Vries (de), 24, 63 _note_, 85

Wasps, instinct in, 140, 172

Weapons and intellect, 137

Weismann, 26, 78, 80-1

Will and caprice, 47 and cerebral mechanism, 252 current of, penetrating matter, 237 insertion of, into reality, 305-6, 307 and relaxation, 201, 207-8 and mechanism in disorder, 233 tension of, 199, 201, 207-8

Willed order, mutual contingency of willed order and mathematical order, 231-3 unforeseeability in the, 224, 342-3

Willing, coincidence of seeing and, in intuition, 237

Wilson, E.B., 36

Wolff, 75 _note_

Words and states, 4, 302-3 three classes of, corresponding to three classes of representation, 302-3, 313-4

World, intelligible, 162-3 principle: conciousness, 237, 261

Worms, in illustration of ambiguity of primitive organisms, 130

Yellow-winged sphex, paralyzing instinct in, 172

Zeno on motion, 308-13

Zone of potentialities surrounding acts, 179-80, 181, 264

Zoology, 128-9

Zoospores of algae, in illustration of mobility in plants, 112