part iv
.
Footnote 107:
“Vindex, Inclusa, Vindicta, Formatrix, Ara spei, Gladius furens, kritische Pfeile,” Leipzig (Otto u. Kadler), 1864–1880.
Footnote 108:
In male individuals: (1) Casper, Klin. Novellen, p. 36 (Lehrb. d. ger. Med., 7 Aufl., p. 176); (2) Westphal, Archiv f. Psych., ii. p. 73; (3) Schminke, _id._, iii, p. 225; (4) Scholz, Vierteljahrsschr. f. ger. Med., xix; (5) Gock, Arch. f. Psych., v., p. 564; (6) Servaes, _id._, vi, p. 484; (7) Westphal, _id._, vi, 620; (8, 9, 10) Stark, Zeitsch. f. Psychiatrie, Bd. 31; (11) Liman (Casper’s Lehrb. der ger. Med., 6 Aufl., p. 509), p. 291; (12) Legrand du Saulle, Annal. méd.-psychol., 1876, May; (13) Sterz, Jahrb. f. Psychiatrie, iii, Heft 3; (14) Krueg, Brain, 1884, Oct.; (15) Charcot et Magnan, Arch. de neurolog., 1882, Nr. 9; (16, 17, 18) Kirn, Zeitschr. f. Psych., Bd. 39, p. 216; (19) Rabow, Erlenmeyer’s Centralb., 1883, Nr. 8; (20) Blumer, Americ. Journ. of Insanity, 1882, July; (21) Savage, Journal of Mental Science, 1884, October; (22) Scholz, Vierteljahrsschr. f. ger. Med., N. F. Bd. 43, Heft. 7; (23) Magnan, Ann. méd. psychol., 1885, p. 461; (24) Chevalier, De l’inversion de l’instinct sexuel, Paris, 1885, p. 129; (25) Morselli, La Riforma medica, iv, March; (26) Leonpacher, Friedreich’s Blätter, 1888, H. 4; (27) Holländer, Allg. Wiener Med. Zeitg., 1882; (28) Kreise, Erlenmeyer’s Centralblatt, 1888, Nr. 19; (29, 30, 31, 32) v. Krafft, Psychopathia sexualis, 3 Aufl., Beob. 32, 36, 42, 43; (33) Golenko, Russ. Archiv f. Psychiatrie, Bd. ix, H. 3 (v. Rothe, Zeitschr. f. Psychiatrie); (34) v. Krafft, Internationales Centralblatt f. d. Physiol, u. Pathologie der Harn-u. Sexualorgane, Bd. 1, H. 1; (35) Cantarano, La Psichiatria, 1887, v., p. 195; (36) Sérieux, Recherches cliniques sur les anomalies de l’instinct sexuel, Paris, 1888, obs. 13; (37–42) Kiernan, The Medical Standard, 1888, 7 cases; (43–46) Rabow, Zeitschr. f. klin. Medicin, Bd. xvii, Suppl.; (47–51) v. Krafft, Neue Forschungen, Beob. (1, 3, 4, 5, 8); (52–61) v. Krafft, Psychopath. Sexualis, 5 Aufl., Beob. 53, 61, 64, 66, 73, 75, 78, 84, 85, 87; (62–65) v. Krafft, Neue Forschungen, 2 Aufl., Beob. 3, 4, 5,6; (66, 67) Hammond, Sexual Impotence; (68–71) Garnier, Anomalies sexuelles, 1889, Obs. 227, 228, 229, 230; (72) Müller, Friedreich’s Blätter, 1891; (73–87) v. Krafft, Psychopathia Sexualis, 6 Aufl., Beob. 78, 81, 82, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 93, 94,96, 97, 98, 101, 102.
In female individuals: (1) Westphal, Arch. f. Psych., ii, p. 73; Gock, _op. cit._, Nr. 1; (3) Wise, The Alienist and Neurologist, 1883, January; (4) Cantarano, La Psichiatria, 1883, p. 201; (5) Sérieux, _op. cit._, obs. 14; (6) Kiernan, _op. cit._
Footnote 109:
Tarnowsky (_op. cit._, p. 34) records a case which shows that contrary sexual feeling, as a concomitant manifestation with neurotic degeneration, may also affect the descendants of parents having no neurotic taint. In this instance, lues of the parents played a part, as in a similar case of Scholz (Vierteljahrsschr. f. ger. Med.), in which the perversion of the sexual desires stood in causal relation with an arrest of psychical development, caused by traumatism.
Footnote 110:
This supposition is overthrown by the result of the post-mortem of my case (118), where the brain-weight was 1150 grammes, and of Case 130, where it was 1175 grammes.
Footnote 111:
That inversion of the sexual instinct is not infrequent is proved, among other things, by the circumstance that it is frequently a subject in novels. Chevalier (_op. cit._) points out in French literature, besides the novels of Balzac, like “La Passion au Desert” (treating of bestiality) and “Sarrazine” (treating of the love of a woman for a eunuch), Diderot’s “La Religieuse” (a story of one given to _amor lesbicus_); Balzac’s “La Fille aux Yeux d’Or” (_amor lesbicus_); Th. Gautier’s “Mademoiselle de Maupin”; Feydeau’s “La Comtesse de Chalis”; Flaubert’s “Salammbo,” etc. Belot’s “Mademoiselle Giraud, Ma Femme” may also be mentioned (now translated into English). It is interesting that the heroines of these (Lesbian) novels appear in the character and _rôle_ of the husband of a lover of the same sex, and that their love is extremely passionate. Moreover, the neuropathic foundation of this sexual perversion does not escape the writers. This theme is treated, in German literature, in “Fridolin’s heimliche Ehe,” by Wilbrand; in “Brick and Brack Oder Licht in Schatten,” by Emerich Graf Stadion. The oldest urning’s romance is probably that published by Petronius at Rome, under the Empire, under the title Satyricon.
Footnote 112:
Comp. author’s work, “Ueber psychosexuales Zwitterthum,” in the internationalen Centralblatt f. d. Physiologie u. Pathologie der Harn und Sexualorgane, Bd. i, Heft 2.
Footnote 113:
This idea is supported by the statements of an unmarried urning which Dr. Moll, of Berlin, kindly communicated to me. He could report a number of cases of his acquaintance, in which married men at the same time had “relations” with men.
Footnote 114:
Later it became known that a near relative died insane, and, further, that eight of his parent’s children had died of acute or chronic hydrocephalus at ages ranging from one to fifteen.
Footnote 115:
“Thou art like any flower, so sweet, so beautiful, so pure,” etc.
Footnote 116:
“Lowering like the heavens, frowns the world on me, Yet blest or cursed will be the fate I meet. With trusting heart, dear friend, I think of thee! God keep thee, dear! it would have been too sweet! God keep thee, dear! such happiness was not to be!”
Footnote 117:
Comp. the expert medical opinion of this case, by Dr. Birnbacher, in Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Med., 1891, H. 1.
Footnote 118:
With reference to prophylaxis, the following words, which were written to me by the subject of Case 88 of the sixth edition, are noteworthy: “If it were only possible that—not as among the Spartans, where the weaklings were allowed to perish for the sake of perfect selection, in accordance with the Darwinian idea—our contrary sexual instincts might be recognized early in youth; and if it were only possible that, at this time of life, the worst of all diseases could be cured by suggestion! Probably cure could be more easily effected in youth than later.”
Footnote 119:
For numerous cases, _v._ Henke’s Zeitschr., xxiii.—Ergänzungsheft, p. 147.—Combes, Annal. méd. psychol., 1866.—Liman, Zweifelh. Geisteszustände, p. 389.—Casper-Liman, Lehrb., 7. Auflage, Fall 295.—Bartels, Friedreich’s Blätter f. gerichtl. Med., 1890, Heft 1.
Footnote 120:
Other cases of pederasty, _v._ Casper, Klin. Novellen, Fall 5; Combes, Annal. méd. psychol.
Footnote 121:
V. Sander, Vierteljahrsschr. f. ger. M., xviii, p. 31.—Casper, Klin. Novellen, Fall 27.
Footnote 122:
Arndt (Lehrb. d. Psych., p. 410) especially emphasizes the passionate element in epileptics: “I have known epilepsy that expressed itself in a most sensual way toward the mother, and that that rested under a suspicion on the part of fathers, concerning sexual intercourse with the mothers.” But when Arndt declares that, wherever there is a peculiarity of the sexual life, thought of an epileptic element should come into consideration, he is in error.
Footnote 123:
Comp. also Liman, Zweifelhafte Geisteszustände, Fall 6.—Lasègue, Exhibitionists, Union méd., 1877.—Ball and Chambert, Art. Somnambulisme (Dict. des scienc. méd., 1881).
Footnote 124:
Comp. the interesting cases of Marc-Ideler, ii, p. 137.—Ideler, “Grundriss der Seelenheilkunde,” ii, pp. 488–492.
Footnote 125:
_Vide_ Fall Merlac, in the author’s Lehrb. d. ger. Psychopathol., 2 Aufl., p. 322.—Morel, Traité des malad. mentales, p. 687.—Legrand, La folie, p. 337.—Process La Roncière, in Annal. d’hyg., 1. Serie, iv; 3. Serie, xxii.
Footnote 126:
The incubus in the witch-trials of the Middle Ages depended on them.
Footnote 127:
Comp. Casper, Klin. Novellen.—Lombroso, Goltdammer’s Archiv, Bd. xxx.—Oettingen, Moralstatistik, p. 494.
Footnote 128:
Lasègue, Union Médicale, 1877, May.—Laugier, Annal d’hygiène publ., 1878, No. 106.—Pelanda, “Pornopaths,” Archivio di Psichiatria, viii.—Schuchardt, Zeitschr. f. Medicinalbeamte, 1890, Heft 6.
Footnote 129:
Comp. v. Krafft, “Ueber transitorisches Irresein bei Neurasthenischen,” Irrenfreund, 1883, No. 8.
Footnote 130:
Dr. Moll calls this perversion (?) mixoscopia (from μιξις, cohabitation; and σκεπτειν, to look). His assumption that it is related to masochism, in that there is a stimulus for the _voyeur_ in suffering at seeing a woman in the possession of another, does not seem to me to be justified. For further details, _vide_ Moll, “Die conträre Sexualempfindung,” p. 137.
Footnote 131:
Annal. médico-psychol., 1849, p. 515; 1863, p. 57; 1864, p. 215; 1866, p. 253.
Footnote 132:
Comp. the cases of Tardieu, Attentats, p. 182–192.
Footnote 133:
Comp. Haltzendorff, Psychologie des Mords.
Footnote 134:
Tardieu, Attentats, Case 51, p. 188.
Footnote 135:
Masochism may, under certain circumstances, attain forensic importance. Modern criminal law no longer recognizes the principle, “volenti non fit injuria”; and the present Austrian statute, in § 4, says expressly: “Crimes may also be committed on persons who demand their commission on themselves.”
As Herbst (Handb. d. österr. Strafrechts., Wien, 1878, p. 72) remarks, there are, nevertheless, crimes conditioned by the absence of assent on the part of the injured individual, which cease to be such as soon as the injured individual has given consent,—_e.g._, theft, rape.
But Herbst also enumerates here the limitation of personal freedom (?).
Of late a decided change of views on this point has taken place. The German criminal law regards the consent of a man to his own death of such importance that a very different and much milder punishment is inflicted under such circumstances (§ 216); and it is the same in Austrian law (Austrian Abridgment, § 222). The so-called double suicide of lovers was the act considered. In bodily injury and deprivation of freedom, the consent of the victim must also receive consideration at the hands of the judge. Certainly a knowledge of masochism is of importance in making a judgment of the probability of asserted consent.
Footnote 136:
According to Austrian law, this crime should fall under § 411, as _slight_ bodily injury; according to the German criminal law, it is bodily injury (comp. Liszt, p. 325).
Footnote 137:
Cases, _vide_ Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Anthropologie, iii, p. 77.
Footnote 138:
Cases, Maschka, Handb., iii, p. 175.—Casper, Vierteljahrsschr., 1852, Bd. i.—Tardieu, Attentats.
Footnote 139:
Comp. Kirn, Allg. Zeitschr. f. Psych., 39, p. 217.
Footnote 140:
I follow the usual terminology in describing bestiality and pederasty under the general term sodomy. In Genesis (chap. xix), whence this word comes, it signifies exclusively the vice of pederasty. Later, sodomy was often used synonymously with bestiality. The moral theologians, like St. Alphons of Liguori, Gury, and others, have always distinguished correctly, _i.e._, in the sense of Genesis, between sodomia, _i.e._, concubitus cum persona ejusdem sexus, and bestialitas, _i.e._, concubitus cum bestia (comp. Olfus, Pastoralmedicin, p. 78).
The jurists brought confusion into the terminology by establishing a “Sodomia ratione sexus” and a “S. ratione generis.” Science, however, should assert itself as _ansilla theologiæ_, and return to the correct usage.
Footnote 141:
For interesting histories, _vide_ Krauss, Psychol. d. Verbrechens, p. 180.—Maschka, Hdb. iii, p. 188.—Hofmann, Lehrb. d. ger. Med., p. 180.—Rosenbaum, Die Lustseuche.
Footnote 142:
How difficult, unpleasant, and dangerous for the jurist judgment of these “coitus-like” acts for the establishment of the objective fact of the crime may be is well shown by an article on the punishableness of male intercourse, in the Zeitschr. f. d. gesammte Strafrechtswissenschaft., Bd. vii, Heft 1, as well as by a similar one in Friedreich’s Blätter f. ger. Medicin, 1891, Heft 6. _Vide_, further, Moll, Conträre Sexualempfindung, p. 223 _et seq._, and Bernhardi, Der Uranismus, Berlin, 1882.
Footnote 143:
For interesting histories and notes, _v._ Krause, Psychol. des Verbrechens, p. 174.—Tardieu, Attentats.—Maschka, Handb., iii, p. 174. This vice seems to have come through Crete from Asia to Greece, and, in the times of classic Hellas, to have been wide-spread. From there it spread to Rome, where it flourished luxuriantly. In Persia and China (where it is actually tolerated) it is wide-spread, as it also is in Europe. (Comp. Tarnowsky _et al._)
Footnote 144:
Lombroso (Der Verbrecher, p. 20 _et seq._) shows that also, in case of animals, intercourse with the same sex occurs where normal indulgence is impossible.
Footnote 145:
Comp. Tardieu, Attentats, p. 198.—Martineau, Deutsche Med. Zeitung, 1882, p. 9.—Virchow’s Jahrb., 1881, i, p. 533.—Coutagne, Lyon Médical, Nos. 35, 36.
Footnote 146:
Comp. Mayer, Friedreich’s Blätter, 1875, p. 41.—Kraussold, Melancholie und Schuld, 1884, p. 20.—Andronico, Archiv di psich. scienze penali ed anthropol. crim., vol. iii, p. 145.
Footnote 147:
Comp. Maschka, Hdb., iii, p. 191 (good historical notes).—Legrand, La folie, p. 521.
Footnote 148:
_Vide_ Westermarck, History of Human Marriage, chap. xiv. McMillan & Co., 1891.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
_September, 1893._
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Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences 27, 28
ANATOMY.
Practical Anatomy—Boenning 4
Structure of the Central Nervous System—Edinger 8
Charts of the Nervo-Vascular System—Price and Eagleton 17
Synopsis of Human Anatomy—Young 26
BACTERIOLOGY.
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ELECTRICITY.
Practical Electricity in Medicine and Surgery—Liebig and Rohé 12
Electricity in the Diseases of Women—Massey 13
International System of Electro-Therapeutics 11
FEVER.
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GYNECOLOGY.
Lessons in Gynecology—Goodell 9
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Hand-Book of Materia Medica, Pharmacy, and Therapeutics—Bowen 4
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International Pocket Medical Formulary—Witherstine 25
MISCELLANEOUS.
History of the Life of D. Hayes Agnew, M.D., LL.D.—Adams 29
Book on the Physician Himself—Cathell 5
Oxygen—Demarquay and Wallian 7
Record-Book of Medical Examinations for Life-Insurance—Keating 9
The Medical Bulletin, Monthly 2
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Medical Symbolism—Sozinskey 23
International Pocket Medical Formulary—Witherstine 25
The Chinese:t Medical, Political, and Social—Coltman 6
Psychopathia Sexualis—Krafft-Ebing 29
Universal Medical Journal 26
A Practical Manual of Diseases of the Skin—Rohé 19
NERVOUS SYSTEM, SPINE, ETC.
Spinal Concussion—Clevenger 6
Structure of the Central Nervous System—Edinger 8
Epilepsy:t its Pathology and Treatment—Hare 10
Lectures on Nervous Diseases—Ranney 30
OBSTETRICS.
Eclampsia—Michener and others 15
Obstetric Synopsis—Stewart 24
PHYSIOGNOMY.
Practical and Scientific Physiognomy—Stanton 30
PHYSIOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY.
Physiology of Domestic Animals—Smith 23
SURGERY AND SURGICAL OPERATIONS.
Tuberculosis of the Bones & Joints—Senn 20
Circumcision—Remondino 18
Principles of Surgery—Senn 20
SWEDISH MOVEMENT AND MASSAGE.
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THROAT AND NOSE.
Journal of Laryngology and Rhinology 12
Hay Fever—Sajous 15
Diseases of the Nose and Throat—Ivins 10
VENEREAL DISEASES.
Syphilis To-day and in Antiquity—Buret 4
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