chapter v

.

[5] Gladstone, "Free Trade, Railways and Commerce," in _Nineteenth Century_ (Feb. 1880), vol. vii. p. 370.

[6] Parker states a similar argument in the form in which it suited the special problem of his day. "If merchandise be good for the commonweal, then the more common it is made, the more open it is laid, the more good it will convey to us." _Op. cit._ 20.

[7] Schmoller, _Grundriss der allgemeinen Volkswirtschaftslehre_ (1904), ii. 607.

[8] Byles, _Sophisms of Free Trade_; L. S. Amery, _Fundamental Fallacies of Free Trade_, 13.

[9] W. Cunningham, _Rise and Decline of the Free Trade Movement_, PP. 5-11.

[10] _Wealth of Nations_, book iv. chap. ii.

[11] _Principles of Political Economy_, 485.

[12] J. Morley, _Life of Cobden_, i. 230.

[13] "Memoire," 6 April 1776, in _Oeuvres_, viii. 460.

[14] Jefferson, _Notes on Virginia_, 275. See also the articles on JEFFERSON and HAMILTON, ALEXANDER.

[15] One incidental effect of the failure to secure free trade was that the African slave trade, with West Indies as a depot for supplying the American market, ceased to be remunerative, and the opposition to the abolition of the trade was very much weaker than it would otherwise have been; see Hochstetter, "Die wirtschaftlichen und politischen Motive fuer die Abschaffung des britischen Sklavenhandels," in Schmoller, _Staats und Sozialwissenschaftliche Forschungen_, xxv. i. 37.

[16] J. Welsford, "Cobden's Foreign Teacher," in _National Review_ (December 1905).

[17] _Compatriot Club Lectures_ (1905), p. 306.

[18] J. S. Mill, _Principles of Political Economy_, book v.