M.

_Manchester._ _Manig-ceaster_, from _manig_, many, much; _ceaster_, city, fort, castle, town. Many castles.

_Manning._ _Mann_, Mann; _ing_, offspring. Son of Mann.

_Marx._ _Marcs_, from _marc_, a mark; _s_ for _sun_, a son. Son of Marc.

_Mase._ _Mase_, a whirlpool, a gulf.

_Maslin._ _Mæslen_, or _maslin_, brass.

_Max._ _Max_, noose, mesh, net, snare.

_Maxfield._ _Max_, Max; _feld_, a field. Max’s field.

_Maxwell._ _Max_, Max; _wæl_, a well. Max’s well.

_Meadowcroft._ _Mǽdewe_, a meadow; _croft_, a small enclosed field. A meadow-field.

_Mearns._ _Mearn_, mourned; _s_ for _sun_, son. A mourned son.

_Mear._ _Mere_, lake, pool, sea.

_Mears._ _Mear_, Mear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Mear.

_Medlar._ _Méd_, meed, merit, reward, recompense; _lǽr_, doctrine. Reward of doctrine.

_Medway._ _Mǽd_, meed, meadow, trunk of a tree; _wǽg_, a wave. Meadow-wave; a river.

_Meredith._ _Mere_, lake, sea; _diht_, ordering, direction, predicting, foretelling. Sea-predicting.

_Merscher._ _Mersc-ware_, from _mersc_, marsh, fen, and _ware_, used only as a termination, denoting inhabitants, dwellers. Marshmen; fenmen.

_Merton._ _Meretún_, from _mere_, lake, sea; _tún_, town. Sea-port; lake-port.

_Metsinger._ _Metssunge_, from _mettsung_, messing, food, meat; _ere_, indicating a person. A victualler; a provider. Messinger, another form of the name.

_Michener._ Perhaps _Micg-ærn_, from _micg-an_, to water; _ærn_, a place, a secret place, a closet, a habitation, a house. An urinary; a drain.

_Midding._ _Midding_, a dunghill.

_Middlesex._ _Middel_, middle; _Sexe_, Saxons. The Middle Saxons.

_Middleton._ _Middel_, middle; _tún_, town. The middle town.

_Mitchell._ _Mycg_, a midge, a gnat; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A dwarf; a pigmy.

_Monteith._ _Mon_, man; _téth_, teeth. Human teeth.

_Montgomery._ _Munt-guman-ríc_, from _munt_, mountain; _guman_, of man, genitive of _guma_; _ríc_, pronounced _ree_, a postfix denoting dominion, power. Mountain of man’s power; acme of human greatness.

_Muckle._ _Mucxle_, a muscle, a shell-fish.

_Mumford._ _Mund-ford_, from _mund_, a contraction of _munden_, remembered, and _ford_, ford. A remembered ford.

_Munce._ _Munc_, a monk. Munch, Munk, of similar derivation.

_Murberry._ _Murberie_, possibly from _múr_, a wall, from the resemblance of the fruit in roughness to a wall, and _berie_, a berry. _Mur_ itself signifies a mulberry.

_Murdock._ _Mere_, a sea; _docce_, a dock. A naval dock.

N.

_Nabes._ _Næbb_, a face; _s_ for _sun_, sun. The sun’s face.

_Nachtigall._ _Næctegale_, nightingale, from _næcte_, night, and _gale_, a singer. A night-singer.

_Nachod._ _Næcud_, naked, uncovered.

_Nadely._ _Nædl_, a needle, _líc_, like. Needle-like.

_Nægele._ _Nægel_, a nail, a pin, a nail of the hand. Nagel, Nagele, Naglee, other forms of the name.

_Nebeker._ _Neb_, face, countenance, mouth, neb, nib, nose; _æcer_, field, land, anything sown, sown corn, an acre. Face-pimples.

_Nebel._ _Neb_, face, countenance; _el_, termination denoting a person. Human face.

_Nebhut._ _Neb_, face, head, mouth; _húth_, spoil, booty, prey. Blotched countenance.

_Nedel._ _Nedl_, a needle.

_Needham._ _Neád_, need, necessity, infirmity; _hám_, home, house, dwelling, village, farm. An almshouse; an infirmary.

_Neef._ _Nefe_, a niece, a granddaughter. Neff, from the same root.

_Nesenger._ _Nesse_, a headland; _ing_, originating from; _er_, a personal suffix. One raised upon a headland.

_Ness._ _Nesse_, a cape. Nesz, another form of the name.

_Neswanger._ _Nesse_, or _næs_, a rock, support, headland, ness, cape, promontory; _wang_, a plain, field, wong, land; _er_, a personal suffix. Possessor of a rock-plain.

_Neswenger._ _Nesse_, rock; _wengere_, a pillow, bolster. Rock-pillow.

_Nester._ _Nest_, support, food, wages; _er_, a personal suffix. A supporter; a wage-earner. Nester, a kindred name.

_Neth._ _Neth_, wickedness, malice, cunning, hatred, strife, zeal, punishment, slaughter.

_Nething._ _Neth_, Neth; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of Neth.

_Nette._ _Nett_, a net.

_Netterville._ _Nett_, a net; _er_, a personal suffix; French _ville_, a villa, a town. A fishing-place.

_Nettinger._ _Nett_, a net; _ing_, expressive of action; _er_, a personal termination. A seiner; a fisherman.

_Nettleton._ _Netele_, a nettle; _tún_, a farm. A nettle-farm.

_Newbold._ _Newe_, new, late, young; _báld_, bold, courageous, honorable. Lately honorable.

_Newcomb._ _Newe_, new; _comb_, a valley. New valley.

_Newcomet._ _Newe_, new; _cometa_, a comet. A new comet.

_Newell._ _Neowel_, prone, prostrate, depressed, profound, deep. Newhall, perhaps, from the same root.

_Nipe._ _Nip_, darkness.

_Nippes._ _Nipp_, Nipe; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Nipe.

_Norman._ _Nor_, contraction of _north_, north; _man_, a man. North-man.

_Northrop._ _Nor_, north; _thorpe_, town. North town.

_Norwood._ _Nor_, north; _wud_, wood. Northwood.

_Nye._ _Nye_, a nye, a nest.

_Nyholm._ _Nye_, a nest; _holm_, the deep sea, an abyss, the ocean, a river island. Nest-water; nest-island.

_Nyman._ _Nye_, a nest; _man_, man, or woman. Nest-woman.

_Nystrom._ _Nye_, a nest; _streom_, a stream. Nest-stream.

O.

_Obdyke._ _Ob_, off; _díc_, bank, mound. Off the bank. Opdyke, from the same roots.

_Oberdick._ _O’ber_, over, above; _díc_, dyke, ditch, trench, moat. Overflowing ditch.

_Oberholt._ _O’ber_, above; _holt_, a forest. Mountain-forest.

_Ofar._ _O’fer_, a margin, brink, bank, shore.

_Orcutt._ _Or_, free from; _coth_, disease. Free from disease.

_Ord._ _O’rd_, beginning, origin, author, edge, sword, battle-array.

_Ordmann._ _O’rd_, the front of an army; _mann_, man. A general; a commander.

_Orfe._ _Orfe_, cattle. Orf, Orff, of similar derivation.

_Orgill._ _Orgel_, pride, arrogance.

_Orgs._ _Org_, pride; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of pride.

_Orme._ _Or_, free from; _me_, me. Free me from.

_Ormerod._ _Or_, free from; _me_, me; _rod_, rod. Free me from the rod. Ormrod, of like import.

_Ormond._ _Or_, free from; _mond_, care, protection. Free from care; without protection.

_Ormsby._ _Orm_, Orme; _s_, sign of genitive; _bý_, a termination denoting habitation, dwelling. Habitation of Orme.

_Ormston._ _Orm_, genitive _Ormes_, Orme; _tún_, house. Home of Orme.

_Orth._ _O’rth_, breathing.

_Orthwein._ _O’rth_, breathing; _wine_, a man. A living man.

_Orton._ _Or_, free from; _tún_, house, farm, village, town. Free from the cares of home, or of the town.

_Orwig._ _Or_, free from; _wig_, warfare, battle, strife. Free from warfare.

_Osbeck._ _O’s_, a hero; _béc_, a book, a volume, a writing. Hero-book; a novel.

_Osborne._ _O’s_, a hero; _beorn_, chief, general, prince, king. Hero-king. Osborn, Osbourn, Osbourne, kindred names.

_Osler._ _O’s_, hero; _lǽr_, lore, learning. Hero-lore.

_Osmond._ _O’s_, hero; _mond_, hand, defence, protection, security. Hero-protection.

_Osmun._ _O’s_, hero; _mund_, a hand. Heroic hand.

_Osmus._ _O’s_, hero; _mús_, mouse, flesh, muscle. Heroic muscle.

_Osner._ _O’s_, hero; _nere_, refuge, safety, preservation. Heroic preservation.

_Oswald._ _O’s_, hero; _wald_, ruler, governor, lord. Heroic ruler.

_Ost._ _Ost_, East. Also, a knot, a scale.

_Oster._ _Oster_, Easter.

_Overholt._ _Ouer_, over; _holt_, a forest. Hill-forest.

_Oxenford._ _Oxen_, from _oxan_, genitive of _oxa_, an ox; _ford_, a ford. The ford of the ox. Oxford, abbreviation of same.

P.

_Palen._ _Pællen_, purple.

_Pennington._ _Pening_, a penny; _tún_, dwelling, house. A mint; a bank.

_Pepper._ _Peppor_, or _peopor_, pepper.

_Peppercorn._ _Peppor_, pepper; _corn_, corn. A peppercorn.

_Pile._ _Píl_, a pile, dart, pole, stake.

_Pilking._ _Píl_, a pile, dart; _cyng_, a king, ruler, prince. Pile-king; warrior-king.

_Pilkington._ _Pilking_, Pilking; _tún_, house. Home of Pilking.

_Pitt._ _Pitt_, a well, a hole.

_Pitfield._ _Pitt_, a well; _feld_, a field, pasture, plain. A plain full of excavations.

_Pitkin._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _cyn_, kindred, posterity, nation. Pitt’s posterity.

_Pitts._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Pitt’s son; son of Pitt.

_Pitman._ _Pitt_, a pit, a hole, a well; _man_, a man. A man who works in a pit; a pitman.

_Pittenger._ _Pitt_, Pitt; _eng_ for _ing_, descendant; _er_, a personal suffix. Descendant of Pitt.

_Plag._ _Plæga_, play, sport, pastime, wager.

_Plagman._ _Plæga_, play, pastime, wager; _man_, a man. Man of pleasure. Plagemann, a cognate form.

_Plumly._ _Plume_, a plum; _líc_, form, shape, substance. Plum-shape.

_Porter._ _Port_, port, haven, town, city, gate of a town; _er_, a personal suffix. A gate-keeper.

_Portman._ _Port_, a city; _man_, a man. A citizen.

_Preston._ _Preost_, a priest, presbyter, clergyman; _tún_, a house. A parsonage.

_Prevost._ _Prafost_, prevost, president.

_Priestly_. _Preost_, a priest; _líc_, like. Priest-like.

_Pund._ _Púnd_, a pound, a fold.

_Punger._ _Pung_, a purse; _er_, a personal termination. A purser.

_Punt._ _Punt_, a boat.

_Pusey._ _Púse_, a purse, a bag.

_Poole._ _Púl_, pronounced _pool_, a pool.

_Pyle._ _Pyle_, a pillow, a cushion. Pywell, perhaps, from the same root.

_Pyne._ _Pín_, a pine.

_Pyott._ _Pytt_, a pit, a well. Piatt, a kindred name.

Q.

_Quain._ _Queán_, a barren cow.

_Queen._ _Quén_, a wife. Quen, Quein, of similar derivation.

_Quick._ _Cwic_, quick, living, active.

_Quicksell._ _Cwic_, active; _sel_, a companion. An active companion. Quicksall, a slightly modified term.

R.

_Raake._ _Ræce_, a rach, a setting dog.

_Rackham._ _Ræce_, Raake; _hám_, house. Home of Raake.

_Radcliff._ _Rád_, that on which one rides, a road; _clyf_, a rock, a steep descent. A road-cliff. Radcliffe, another spelling.

_Raddington._ _Ræding_, Reading; _tún_, town. Town of Reading.

_Raddish._ _Rædic_, from _rǽd_, red, and _isc_, an adjective termination denoting like. Red-like; a radish. Radisch, Radish, of similar origin.

_Rader._ _Rád_, traveling, journeying; _er_, a personal suffix. A traveler.

_Radeker._ _Rǽd_, red; _æcer_, acre, field, land. A red field.

_Radfield._ _Rǽd_, red; _feld_, a plain. A red plain.

_Radford._ _Rǽd_, red; _fōrd_, a ford, a stream. A red ford.

_Radley._ _Rǽd_, red; _líc_, like. Red-like.

_Rae._ _Rá_, a roebuck, a hart.

_Raeder._ _Rá-deór_, a roebuck.

_Rafferty._ _Ræfter_, a rafter, a perch. Doubtless, a corruption of _ræfter_, produced by removing _t_, and placing it at the end of the word.

_Rahill._ _Rá_, a roe, a hart; _hill_, a hill. Roe-hill.

_Rahm._ _Ram_, or _ramm_, a ram. Rahme, of like significance.

_Rahn._ _Rán_, a whale.

_Rahner._ _Rán_, a whale; _er_, a personal suffix. A whaler.

_Raith._ _Ræth_, quick. Rath, of like import.

_Ramm._ _Ramm_, a ram, a male sheep.

_Rammage._ _Ram_, a ram; _mæg_, female. The female of the ram; an ewe.

_Ramsey._ _Rammes-íg_, from _rammes_, genitive of _ramin_, ram; _ig_, an island. Isle of Ram. Ramsay, from the same roots.

_Ramson._ _Ram_, Ramm; _sun_, son. Son of Ramm.

_Ranck._ _Ranc_, proud, haughty, rebellious, rank, fruitful. Rancke, slightly altered form.

_Rand._ _Rand_, a border, rim, edge, a shield, a bosc.

_Randall._ _Ran_, a deer; _dál_, or _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. Deer-valley. Randell, Randle, of like parentage.

_Randolph._ _Ran_, plunder, _dǽlf_, a delving, a digging. Plunder-delving.

_Rankin._ _Ran_, a deer; _cyn_, kin, race, tribe, kind. Deer-tribe.

_Rankins._ _Rankin_, Rankin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rankin. Ranken, from the same.

_Ranks._ _Rank_, Rank, from _rænc_, pride, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rank; son of pride.

_Rapp._ _Ráp_, a rope, a cord.

_Rapson._ _Ráp_, Rapp; _sun_, son. Son of Rapp.

_Rasbold._ _Rǽs_, a rush, an onset, an attack; _báld_, bold, audacious, courageous, honorable. A courageous attack.

_Rasch._ _Rǽs_, a rush, an onset, an attack.

_Ratcliff._ _Ræt_, a rat; _clyf_, a nest. Rat-nest.

_Rathfon._ _Rathe_, swift, nimble, ready; _fon_, a fan. A nimble fan.

_Rau._ _Rawe_, head of hair.

_Rauch._ _Reác_, smoke, reek, vapor.

_Raucher._ _Reác_, smoke; _er_, a personal suffix. A smoker.

_Rauchfuss._ _Reác_, smoke; _fús_, ready. Smoke ready. Ready for smoke.

_Rawle._ _Rǽw_, a corpse; _el_, denoting a person. Human corpse. Rawley, of like derivation.

_Rawlings._ _Rawl_, Rawl; _ingas_, sons of. Sons of Rawl, or Rawle. Rawlins, contraction of the same.

_Rea._ _Rea_, a padder, a highwayman, an assailant, a stroller.

_Reabey._ _Rea_, a highwayman; _bý_, a habitation. Dwelling of a highwayman.

_Reabon._ _Rea_, an assailant; _bon_, fatal. A deadly assailant.

_Reach._ _Reác_, smoke, reek, vapor.

_Read._ _Read_, red. Reade, Reed, from the same root.

_Reading._ _Read_, Read; _ing_, offspring. Son of Read. Redding, of like origin.

_Reardon._ _Reardian_, to speak, converse, read.

_Reaser._ _Reás_, rushed; _er_, a personal suffix. A hurried person.

_Reath._ _Réthe_, savage, fierce, hard, severe, austere.

_Reck._ _Rec_, an interpreter, explainer. Recke, another spelling.

_Reckefuss._ _Rec_, an interpreter; _fús_, ready. A ready interpreter.

_Reckless._ _Recce-leas_, from _recc_, care; _leas_, free from. Free from care; careless; reckless.

_Reddick._ _Rædic_, a radish.

_Reddington._ _Redding_, Redding; _tún_, house. Home of Redding.

_Redmond._ _Rǽd_, ready; _mond_, hand. Ready hand.

_Redner._ _Rǽd_, ready; _nere_, a refuge. A ready refuge.

_Reece._ _Resce_, a rush. Rees, Reese, more modernized forms of the name.

_Reeh._ _Reh_, a deluge.

_Reehm._ _Hream_, a shout.

_Reel._ _Reol_, a reel.

_Reen._ _Rén_, robbery. Perhaps, from _rén_, rain.

_Reenan._ _Rínan_, pronounced _reenan_, to rain.

_Regelmann._ _Regel_, a rule, a law, a canon; _mann_, man. A ruler; a lawyer.

_Rehfuss._ _Reh_, a deluge; _fús_, prompt, quick, ready. A ready deluge.

_Rehm._ _Rem_, cream.

_Rein._ _Rein_, pure, sincere, chaste.

_Reinhart._ _Rein_, sincere, pure, clean, chaste; _heart_, or _heort_, a heart. A pure heart.

_Reining._ _Rein_, Rein; _ing_, an offspring, a descendant. Son of Rein.

_Reinking._ _Rein_, sincere, honest; _cyng_, a king. An honest king.

_Reme._ _Rem_, cream.

_Remington._ _Rem_, Reme; _ing_, offspring; _tún_, town, dwelling. House of the son of Reme.

_Rench._ _Renc_, pride, arrogance.

_Rendell._ _Rene_, a water-course; _dál_, a dale, a valley. A valley stream.

_Reneker._ _Reonig_, tired, weary, sad; _er_, a personal termination. A tired person; a mourner.

_Renne._ _Rene_, a course, race, life, a water-course. Sometimes written Renn.

_Rennick._ _Rénig_, showery, having watery eyes, blear-eyed.

_Resch._ _Resce_, a rush.

_Ressler._ _Resele_, a riddle.

_Retter._ _Rét_, cheerful; _er_, denoting personality. A cheerful person.

_Rhawn._ _Hrán_, Anglicised form would be _rhán_, a whale.

_Rhea._ _Rǽh_, a doe, a roe.

_Rheem._ _Hream_, a shout, clamor, a crying out, wailing, hue and cry.

_Rice._ _Rice_, power, dominion, greatness, kingdom, region.

_Riceman._ _Rice_, power, greatness; _man_, a man. A man of power; a person of influence.

_Richard._ _Rice_, or _riche_, rich, powerful, mighty; _ard_, implying an ensign of office. A mighty ruler.

_Richardson._ _Richard_, Richard; _sun_, son. Son of Richard. Richards, contraction for the same.

_Richmond._ _Riche_, mighty, powerful; _mond_, a hand. A mighty hand.

_Ridd._ _Rídda_, a knight, a rider.

_Rider._ _Ríd-ere_, from _rídan_, to ride, sit or rest upon, press; _ere_, implying person. A rider; a knight. Ryder, from the same roots.

_Ridge._ _Ricg_, a stack, a back.

_Ridings._ _Rid_, Ridd; _ings_, descendants of. Sons of Ridd.

_Riegel._ _Rige_, rye; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A rye-man; a cultivator of rye; baker of rye-bread.

_Riegg._ _Rige_, rye, by transposing the positions of _g_ and _e_, becomes Rieg, and this differs from the name under consideration only in the absence of the additional _g_. Rigg, of similar import.

_Riehl._ _Rihel_, doubtless the original, is from _rih_, hairy, rough, and _el_, denoting personality. A hairy man; a rough person. Riehle, Rile, Riley, of analogous derivation.

_Riff._ _Rif_, a womb. Rife, perhaps, from the same root.

_Riffert._ _Rifter_, a sickle, a reaper.

_Rigby._ _Rig_, Rigg; _bý_, habitation. Dwelling of Rigg.

_Rigger._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _er_, implying person. One who is a Rigg.

_Riggin._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _in_, an inn, a dwelling. Rigg’s inn.

_Riggins._ _Riggin_, Riggin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Riggin.

_Riggs._ _Rigg_, Rigg; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Rigg.

_Righter._ _Riht-ere_, from _riht_, right, justice, law, true, just; _ere_, denoting a person. A governor; a ruler.

_Rightley._ _Riht-líce_, from _riht_, right, just; _líce_, like, ly. Right-like; rightly; justly.

_Riling._ _Ril_, Ril, Riehl; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Riehl. Rilling, of similar significance.

_Rimby._ _Rím_, a number, reckoning, computation, calendar; _bý_, a habitation. Home of an arithmetician.

_Rimer._ _Rím_, number, reckoning, calendar; _er_, a personal suffix. An arithmetician; a reckoner; an astronomer. Rimmer, derivable from the same roots.

_Rind._ _Rind_, the rind, bark; _fús_, ready. Prepared bark.

_Rindge._ _Hrincg_, or _ringe_, a ring.

_Rinear._ _Rín_, course, course of years, life; _ear_, ocean, sea. Life-sea; sea of life.

_Rinehart._ _Rín_, race, course: _heort_, the heart. Race-heart; rapid heart-action.

_Ringe._ _Ringe_, a ring. Ring, an abbreviated form of the name.

_Ringeisen._ _Ringe_, a ring; _isen_, made of iron. An iron ring.

_Ringer._ _Ringe_, a ring; _er_, denoting a person. Ring-maker.

_Ringgold._ _Ringe_, a ring; _gold_, gold. A gold ring. Ring-gold, of like derivation.

_Ringle._ _Ringe_, a ring; _el_, a termination denoting a person. Ring-wearer; betrothed lady.

_Ringley._ _Ringe_, a ring; _líce_, like, ley, ly. Ring-like.

_Rink._ _Rinc_, a soldier, warrior, hero, a valiant or honorable man, a man. Rinick, doubtless, a corruption of the same.

_Rinker._ _Rinc_, a warrior, a valiant man; _ere_, an agent. A warrior.

_Rínne_. _Rine_, a race, course, life.

_Ripley._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping; _ley_, a song. A harvest-song.

_Ripp._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping.

_Rippel._ _Ríp_, harvest, reaping; _el_, denoting a person. A reaper; a harvester.

_Ripperger._ _Ríp_, harvest; _earg_, weak, evil, wretched, idle; _ere_, a person. An idle harvester.

_Rishel._ _Risel_, a handle. Rishell, Rissell, other spellings.

_Risdon._ _Rísendan_, a jangling fellow.

_Risk._ _Risce_, a rush.

_Risley._ _Risel_, doubtless, first changed to _risle_, a handle.

_Ristine._ _Ríst_, Rist; _ine_ for _in_, an inn, a dwelling. Rist’s inn.

_Ritner._ _Rit_, ears of corn, a heap of fruit, corn, or grain; _nere_, support, protect, refuge. Corn-support.

_Ritter._ _Rít_, rides; _ere_, a person. A rider.

_Ritterson._ _Ritter_, Ritter; _sun_, son. Son of Ritter.

_Roach._ _Reohche_, a roach, a thornback. Roache, Roche, Roatch, Roesch, Roetsck, cognate forms.

_Roat._ _Rót_, cheerful, rejoicing, splendid, adorned.

_Roats._ _Roat_, Roat; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Roat. Roetz, possibly, from the same.

_Rodbard._ _Reod_, red; _beard_, beard. Red beard. Robert is, in Anglo-Saxon, Rod-beard, and doubtless comes from the same roots.

_Rodd._ _Reod_, red.

_Rodden._ _Reod_, red; _ian_, indicative of a verb. Redden; make red.

_Roddy._ _Reod_, red; _ig_, an adjective termination. Ruddy; florid.

_Rode._ _Reód_, a reed.

_Rodearmel._ _Reod_, red; _earm_, arm; _el_, indicating a person. A red-armed person.

_Rodebaugh._ _Reod_, red; _bæc_, back. Red back. Rodenbaugh, of like derivation.

_Rodel._ _Reod_, red; _el_, a personal suffix. A person of ruddy complexion.

_Rodgers._ _Rodger_, from _reod_, red; _ierre_, anger, indignation, fury; and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rodger; son of red-visaged anger. Rodgerson is an unabbreviated form of the name, and Rogers a slight modification thereof.

_Rodig._ _Reod_, red; _ig_, an adjective termination. Ruddy.

_Rodiger._ _Rodig_, ruddy; _er_, a person. A ruddy person.

_Rodine._ _Rod_, Rode; _inne_, an inn. Rode’s inn.

_Rodisch._ _Reod_, red; _isc_, an adjective termination denoting the external quality of a subject. Reddish.

_Rodman._ _Reod_, red; _mann_, man. A ruddy man; a red-complexioned person.

_Rodner._ _Reod_, red; _nere_, support, protection. A zealous support. Perhaps, from _rǽdanere_, a reader, an interpreter.

_Rodney._ _Rǽdne_, law, counsel, control, condition.

_Rodrick._ _Roder_, firmament, sky, heavens; _ríce_, power, dominion, greatness, kingdom. Heavenly power. Roderick, a more closely related form.

_Roe._ _Rá_, pronounced _rō_, a roe, a doe.

_Roebuck._ _Rá_, a roe; _buc_, a buck. A roebuck.

_Roeck._ _Roec_, smoke.

_Roecker._ _Roec_, smoke; _er_, a person. A smoker.

_Roeckle._ _Roec_, smoke; _le_ for _el_, denoting a person. A reeking, steaming person.

_Roedel._ _Rá_, a roe; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. The vale of the roe. Roedell, of like significance.

_Roeder._ _Rá-deór_, a roebuck.

_Roeger._ _Rǽge_, pronounced _ro-ge_, a roe, a doe; _ere_, an agent. A roe-hunter.

_Roegler._ _Rǽge_, a roe; _lǽr_, learning. Roe-knowledge.

_Roehl._ _Hreol_, a reel. _Roell_, of kindred meaning.

_Roehler._ _Hreol_, a reel; _ere_, an agent. A spinster; a dancer. Roeller, from the same roots.

_Roehm._ _Rá_, roe; _hm_ for _hám_, home, dwelling, habitation. Home of the roe.

_Roellig._ _Hreol_, a reel; _ig_, an adjective ending. Reeling; whirling.

_Roeper._ _Reapere_, pronounced _roepere_, a seizer, spoiler, robber.

_Roerich._ _Rá_, roe; _ríce_, a region, a country. The region of the roebuck.

_Roese._ _Rose_, a rose.

_Roeser._ _Rose_, a rose; _ere_, an agent. A rose-grower.

_Roessing._ _Roess_, Roese; _ing_, offspring. Son of Roese.

_Roessler._ _Rose_, a rose; _lǽr_, lore, learning. Rose-knowledge.

_Roff._ _Róf_, famous, renowned, illustrious, brave.

_Roffel._ _Róf_, famous, illustrious; _el_, denoting a person. A famous person. Roffle, of kindred signification.

_Rogge._ _Rǽge_, pronounced _rōge_, a roe, a doe.

_Rohde._ _Ród_, pronounced _rohd_, genitive _rohde_, rood, cross. Belonging to the cross.

_Rohe._ _Reoh_, rough, fierce, stormy, cruel.

_Rohlfing._ _Hreol_, a reel; _fing_, doubtless, a contraction of _finger_, a finger. The reel-finger. Perhaps the name is derivable from _hreol_, a reel, and _fiong_, hatred. Hatred of the reel.

_Rohm._ _Róm_, pronounced _Rohm_, Rome.

_Rohman._ _Róman_, pronounced _Rohman_, genitive of _Róm_. Belonging to Rome.

_Roland._ _Row_, sweet, quiet; _land_, land, ground, earth, field, region, country. Sweet land; quiet country. Rolan, Rowland, kindred terms.

_Rolen._ _Row_, sweet; _leán_, reward, price. Sweet reward.

_Rolf._ _Row_, quiet, restful; _lf_ for _líf_, life. A quiet life. Roloff, Rolph, cognate terms.

_Rolfing._ _Rolf_, Rolf; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of Rolf.

_Romberg._ _Róm_, Rome; _beorg_, a hill fortification, citadel, defence, refuge. Citadel of Rome.

_Romberger._ _Róm_, Rome; _beorg-ere_, defender of a citadel. Defender of the citadel of Rome.

_Rombold._ _Róm_, Rome; _báld_, bold, courageous. Courageous Rome.

_Romel._ _Róm_, Rome; _el_, denoting a person. Citizen of Rome. Rommel, Rommell, of like origin.

_Romig._ _Reómig_, tired, weary.

_Rommelman._ _Rommel_, Romel; _man_, a servant. The servant of Romel.

_Romoser._ _Róm_, Rome; _O’ster_, Easter. Roman Easter.

_Ronald._ _Rún_, pronounced _rown_, a letter, magical character, mystery, council, meditation, conversation; _ald_, an age. An age of mystery.

_Ronaldson._ _Ronald_, Ronald; _sun_, son. Son of Ronald.

_Ronan._ _Rúnan_, pronounced _rownan_, a whisperer, a sorcerer.

_Rone._ _Rún_, a letter, a mystery, a council; _e_, indicating person. A man of mysteries; a sage. Roney, Rooney, from the same roots.

_Rood._ _Ród_, pronounced _rood_, rood, cross.

_Roof._ _Róf_, pronounced _roof_, top, the highest part of a house or chamber.

_Roohr._ _Rure_, pronounced _ruher_, a noise.

_Rook._ _Róc_, pronounced _rook_, a rook. Rooke, Ruch, Ruck, other spellings.

_Rooks._ _Rook_, Rook: _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rook.

_Rookstool._ _Rook_, Rook; _stól_, pronounced _stool_, seat, chair, throne. Rook’s chair or throne.

_Room._ _Rúm_, pronounced _rowm_, room, space, place, wide, open, spacious, ample, of good cheer or heart, august, fortunate. Roome, of like import.

_Roomes._ _Roome_, Room; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Room.

_Roop._ _Roop_, _rop_, a distaff.

_Root._ _Rúte_, pronounced originally _rowte_, rue, a plant.

_Roots._ _Root_, Root; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Root.

_Roper._ _Rop_, a distaff; _er_, a person. The woman who twirls the distaff.

_Roppel._ _Rop_, a distaff; _el_, a personal ending. A distaff.

_Roray._ _Rure_, pronounced _ruhr-e_, a noise, the final _e_ taking the French sound of _a_.

_Rorer._ _Rure_, a noise; _ere_, an agent. One who makes a noise; a babbler; a prattler.

_Rose._ _Rose_, pronounced _raws_, a rose. Ross, Rosse, Roos, analogous forms.

_Rosebery._ _Rose_, a rose; _berige_, a berry. The fruit of the rose.

_Roseman._ _Rose_, Rose; _man_, a servant. A servant of Rose. Rosemann, of like derivation.

_Rosen._ _Rose_, Rose; _en_, resembling. Resembling Rose; rosy; blooming.

_Rosenacker._ _Rosen_, Rosen; _æcer_, acre. Rosen’s acre; ground belonging to Rosen.

_Rosenfeld._ _Rosen_, Rosen; _feld_, field, pasture, plain. Rosen’s field; a blooming pasture. Rosenfelt, from the same roots.

_Rosensky._ _Rosen_, rosy, flushed; Danish _sky_, a cloud. A crimson cloud.

_Rosewarne._ _Rose_, a rose; _wearn_, a hindrance, obstacle, resistance, denial. Rose-obstacle.

_Rosewig._ _Rose_, a rose; _wig_, war, warfare, battle. Rose-warfare.

_Roskeep._ _Rose_, a rose; _ceáp_, a bargain, sale, business, chattel. Rose-sale.

_Rosney._ _Rose_, a rose; _ney_, from the Irish, an individual, an agent. Rose-dealer.

_Rost._ _Rǽst_, pronounced _rost_, rest, repose, a place of rest, a bed.

_Rowan._ _Rówan_, pronounced _roow-an_, to row, to sail. Rowand, Roan, from the same root.

_Rowe._ _Reowe_, an Irish mantle or rug, soldier’s cloak, a frieze cassock, a priest’s garment. Row, of like significance.

_Rowson._ _Row_, Rowe; _sun_, son. Son of Rowe.

_Rox._ _Rocks_, from _Rock_, Rock; _s_ for _sun_. Son of Rock. Rock is from the Irish _roc_, pronounced _rokh_, a rock.

_Roxberry._ _Roxbury_, from _Rox_, Rox, and _byrig_, a town, a city. Town of Rox.

_Roxbrough._ _Roxborough_, from _Rox_, Rox, and _burh_, a town, a city. Town of Rox.

_Rucher._ _Róc_, a rook; _er_, indicative of a person. One who acts like a rook; a croaker. In the South of Germany _ruch_, a rook, is the form of the word, and this agrees much better with the name under consideration.

_Ruckman._ _Ruck_, Ruck; _man_, a servant. Ruck’s servant.

_Rucks._ _Ruck_, Ruck; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ruck.

_Rudd._ _Rud_, red, ruddy. Later _rud_, became a noun, and signified redness, blush, ruddle, red ochre, and a river-fish. The last-named, from its red eyes, was called the rudd, or red-eye.

_Rudden._ _Rud_, red, ruddy; _en_, a termination of adjectives and

## participles. Make red; ruddy.

_Rudduck._ _Rudduc_, robin-red-breast. Ruddick, Ruddach, Ruddock, kindred names.

_Ruddiman._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ig_, an adjective ending; _man_, a man. A ruddy man. Rudman, Rudmann, of like significance.

_Ruddy._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ig_, implying an adjective. Ruddy. Rudy, of same derivation.

_Ruder._ _Rud_, ruddy; _er_, a person. A ruddy person.

_Rudge._ _Rud_, red; _íge_, an island. Red island.

_Rudhart._ _Rud_, red, ruddy; _heort_, a hart. A ruddy stag.

_Rudling._ _Rud_, ruddy; _ling_, denoting state or condition of a person, an image, an example. Healthy condition; picture of health.

_Rudloff._ _Rud_, redness, blush; _lóf_, praise. Blush-praise.

_Rudolph._ _Rud_, red ochre, red iron-ore; _dǽlf_, pronounced _dolf_, a delving, a digging. Iron-digging.

_Ruf._ _Hróf_, or _róf_, a roof, a raised part. Perhaps, from _róf_, famous, renowned, illustrious. Rufe, Ruff, Ruoff, of kindred signification.

_Ruffell._ _Hróf_, a roof, a raised part; _el_, denoting a person. A roof-rearer; a ruff-wearer.

_Rumbol._ _Rúm_, room, space, place; _bol_, a sleeping-room.

_Rumboltz._ _Rúm_, a room; _boltes_, genitive of _bolt_, a house. Room of a dwelling.

_Rumel._ _Rúm_, a room; _el_, indicative of a person. A room-mate. Rummel, Rummell, from the same.

_Rumford._ _Rúm_, wide, spacious, ample; _ford_, a ford. A spacious ford.

_Rumig._ _Rúm_, a room; _ig_, an adjective ending. Roomy; spacious; ample.

_Rumsey._ _Rúm_, room, space, place; _rumes_, genitive of space; _íg_, an island. A spacious island.

_Runner._ _Rún_, pronounced _roon_, mystery; _ere_, a person. A dealer in mysteries; a sorcerer.

_Runser._ _Rún-seó-ere_, from _rún_, a secret; _seó_, I see; _ere_, a person. A foreteller of secrets.

_Runyon._ _Rún-ian_, to whisper, to speak mysteriously, from _rún_, a mystery, and _ian_, a verbal ending.

_Rusch._ _Risce_, pronounced _reesche_, a rush. Rush, Rusk, from the same.

_Rusher._ _Rush_, Rush; _er_, a person. One who is a Rush; son of Rush; one who uses the rush.

_Rushman._ _Rush_, Rush; _man_, a servant. A servant of Rush; a rush-collector.

_Rushmire._ _Risce_, rush; _mere_, a mere, lake, pool. A rush-pool.

_Rushton._ _Rush_, Rush; _tún_, town, house. Home of Rush; habitation of the rush.

_Rushworth._ _Rush_, Rush; _weordh_, worth, worthy, honorable. An estimable Rush; value of rushes.

_Rust._ _Rust_, rust, rustiness.

_Ruth._ _Rúte_, rue, a bitter herb. From the bitter property of the rue, we have _ruth_, expressive of pity, sorrow, tenderness for the misery of another, mercy. Rutt, more closely related to derivation.

_Rutnard._ _Ruth_, rue, pity, sorrow; _ard_, an ensign of office, such as a pole, staff, etc. A physician; a clergyman; a consoler.

_Rutherford._ _Ruther_, Rutter; _ford_, a ford. Rutter’s ford.

_Ruths._ _Ruth_, Ruth; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ruth.

_Rutledge._ _Rúte_, rue; _leger_, place for laying or lying, as bed, couch, grave, churchyard. Rue-bed; a bed of rue.

_Rutter._ _Rutt_, Rutt, or Ruth; _ere_, a person. A descendant of Rutt.

_Ruttley._ _Rutt_, Rutt; _ley_ for _líc_, having the form of. Resembling Rutt.

_Ruttman._ _Rutt_, Rutt; _man_, a servant. Rutt’s servant.

_Rutty._ _Rúte_, rue; _ig_, an adjective termination. Like rue. Or, _Rutt_, Rutt; _ig_, expressing the quality of. Having the character of Rutt.

_Rutz._ _Rutts_, from _Rutt_, Rutt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Rutt.

_Ruwell._ _Ruw_, rough, hairy; _el_, denoting a person. A rough, or hairy person.

_Ruxton._ _Rucks_, Rucks; _tún_, town, habitation. Home of Rucks.

_Ryer._ _Rye_, hairy; _ere_, a person. A hairy person.

_Ryerson._ _Ryer_, Ryer; _sun_, son. Son of Ryer.

_Ryers._ _Ryer_, Ryer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Ryer.

_Ryland._ _Rye_, hairy, rough; _land_, ground, earth, region, country. A rough country.

S.

_Saake._ _Sæc_, pronounced _sahke_, war, battle.

_Saal._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sahal_, a hall.

_Saam._ _Sǽme_, pronounced _sā-am_, weak, slow, lazy, bad.

_Sabin._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bin_, a crib, a manger, a bin, a hatch. Sea-crib. Sabine, of like import.

_Sabins._ _Sabin_, Sabin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sabin.

_Sabold._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bóld_, a house. A sea-house; a ship.

_Sabot._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bát_, boat. A sea-boat; a ship.

_Sacal._ _Sacol_, from _sǽ_, the sea; _cól_, coal. Sea-coal.

_Sach._ _Sæc_, pronounced _săc_, a sack, a bag. Sack, of like derivation.

_Sachs._ _Sach_, Sach; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sach. Saches, Sachse, Sacks, from the same roots.

_Sackwright._ _Sæc_, a sack; _wyrhta_, a workman, artificer, wright, maker. A sack-maker.

_Saddington._ _Sæd_, pronounced _sad_, satisfied, sated; _dincg_, broken or fallow ground; _tún_, a farm. A farm of sated, fallow ground.

_Sadler._ _Sadel_, a saddle; _ere_, an agent. A saddle-maker. Sadleir, Saddler, cognate terms.

_Sæger._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ger_, a year. Sea-year.

_Saffer._ _Sæfn_, pronounced _safn_, a dream; _er_, an agent. A dreamer.

_Saffin._ _Sæfn_, pronounced _safin_, a dream.

_Safford._ _Sæfn_, a dream; _órd_, author. Dream-author.

_Sage._ _Sage_, a sage, a wise man.

_Sagee._ _Sage_, a sage; _e_, denoting a derivative adjective. Wise; philosophical.

_Sagehorn._ _Sage_, a sage; _horn_, a pinnacle, a trumpet. A sage’s trumpet.

_Sager._ _Sage_, a sage; _ere_, a person. A man of wisdom.

_Sagers._ _Sager_, Sager; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sager.

_Saget._ _Sage_, a sage; _æt_, meat, food. The food of a sage.

_Sague._ _Sag_, pronounced _săg_, a sack.

_Saiger._ _Sag_, a sack; _er_, an agent. A sack-maker.

_Sainsbury._ _Sanctes_, genitive of _sanct_, a saint; _bury_, from _beorh_, a place of burial. Saint’s burying-place.

_Sale._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sā-el_, a cord, a strap. Saile, from the same root.

_Saler._ _Sæl_, a cord; _er_, an agent. A cord-maker.

_Sales._ _Sale_, Sale; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sale.

_Salfinger_. _Sæl_, a cord; _finger_, a finger. Cord-finger.

_Salin._ _Sale_, Sale; _in_, a habitation. Sale’s dwelling.

_Saling._ _Sale_, Sale; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Sale.

_Salinger._ _Saling_, Saling; _er_, an agent. A servant of Saling.

_Salisbury._ _Salis_, Sale’s; _beorh_, a burrow, or barrow. Sale’s barrow.

_Saalmann._ _Sæl_, pronounced _sa-al_, a hall; _mann_, a man. Hall-man.

_Salt._ _Salt_, salt.

_Salter._ _Salt_, salt; _ere_, an agent. A manufacturer of salt. Also, from _saltere_, a psaltery, a dulcimer.

_Salters._ _Salter_, Salter; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Salter.

_Sanborn._ _Sand_, earth; _born_, born. Earth-born.

_Sand._ _Sand_, sand, earth.

_Sandberg._ _Sand_, sand; _berg_, a hill. A sand-hill.

_Sandberger._ _Sandberg_, a sand-hill; _er_, an agent. A sand-hill dweller.

_Sander._ _Sand_, sand, earth; _er_, an agent, or doer. A sand-digger. Saner, a contraction of the same.

_Sanders._ _Sander_, Sander; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sander. Saunders, of like derivation.

_Sanderson._ _Sander_, Sander; _sun_, son. Son of Sander. Saunderson, similarly derived.

_Sandford._ _Sand_, sand; _ford_, a ford. A sandy ford. Sanford, an abbreviation of the name.

_Sandgran._ _Sand_, sand; Latin _granum_, a grain. A grain of sand.

_Sandgren._ _Sand_, sand; _grene_, green. Green sand.

_Sands._ _Sand_, Sand; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sand.

_Sandy._ _Sand-ig_, from _sand_, sand, and _ig_, an adjective ending. Sandy.

_Sangborne._ _Sang_, song; _born_, born. Song-born.

_Sanger._ _Sang_, a song; _ere_, an agent. A singer.

_Sangers._ _Sanger_, a singer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sanger; son of a singer.

_Sank._ _Sanc_, a song.

_Sapp._ _Sæpp_, pronounced _sapp_, sap, juice.

_Sappel._ _Sæpp_, sap, juice; _el_, an agent. A sapper.

_Sapper._ _Sæpp_, sap; _ere_, an agent. A sapper.

_Sappington._ _Sæpp_, sap; _ing_, denoting action; _tún_, town, village. A sapping town.

_Sarfert._ _Sár_, wound, sore, pain, grief; _ferht_, fright, fear. Pain-fear.

_Saring._ _Sár_, a wound; _ing_, expressive of action. Wound-producing.

_Sattler._ _Sætel_, pronounced _sahtel_, a seat; _ere_, an agent. A settler.

_Saul._ _Sáwl_, pronounced _sáw-el_, a soul. Saull, of like import.

_Saulnier._ _Sául_, a soul; _nere_, refuge, preservation. Soul-refuge.

_Saulsberry._ _Sáules_, genitive of _sául_, a soul; _berry_, from _byrig_, a city. Saul’s city; city of the soul.

_Saulsburg._ _Saul’s_, genitive of Saul; _burg_, a city. Saul’s city.

_Sawyer._ _Sáwere_, pronounced _saw-yere_, a sower.

_Sawyers._ _Sawyer_, Sawyer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sawyer.

_Sax._ _Sachs_, from _Sach_, Sach, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sach. Saxe, of kindred meaning.

_Saxer._ _Sax_, Sax; _ere_, an agent. A servant of Sax.

_Saxton._ _Sax_, Sax; _tún_, town, house. Home of Sax.

_Saybolt._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bolt_, a house, a dwelling. A sea-house; a ship.

_Sayer._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ere_, an agent. A navigator. Sayre, from the same roots.

_Sayers._ _Sayer_, Sayer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sayer. Sayres, a cognate form.

_Saylor._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _lǽr_, pronounced _lore_, doctrine. Sea-knowledge.

_Scank._ _Scanca_, the hollow bone of the leg, the shank.

_Scanlan._ _Scand_, shame, modesty, disgrace; _land_, land, earth, region, country. Disgraced region. Scanlin, Scanlon of like significance.

_Scannell._ _Scand_, shame, disgrace; _el_, a personal suffix. A person in disgrace.

_Scarborough._ _Scear_, an estate, landed property; _burh_, a town, a city. The landed property of a town.

_Scattergood._ _Sceat-wer_, a shooter; _gud_, good. A good shooter.

_Schaab._ _Sceabb_, or _scæb_, a scab.

_Schaaf._ _Sceaf_, pronounced _skaaf_, a sheaf, a bundle of corn.

_Schaal._ _Sceale_, pronounced _skaal_, a school. Schall, of like significance.

_Schaar._ _Scear_, pronounced _skaar_, a share, a fortune, an estate.

_Schaker._ _Sceacere_, pronounced _skaker_, a thief.

_Schaler._ _Sceale_, a school; _ere_, an agent. A scholar. Schaller, a kindred name.

_Schallinger._ _Sceale_, a school; _ing_, expressive of action; _ere_, an agent. One who is acquiring his schooling; a scholar.

_Scham._ _Scame_, pronounced _skam_, shame, disgrace, nakedness.

_Schamel._ _Sceamel_, a stool, footstool, bench, form, desk.

_Schell._ _Scell_, a shell, a rind, a cavity.

_Scobel._ _Scobl_, a shovel.

_Scofield._ _Sceawe_, shoe; _feld_, a field, a plain. A shoe-field.

_Scollean._ _Scól-lean_, from _scólu_, a school, and _lean_, reward. A school-reward. Scollan, from the same roots.

_Scollay._ _Scól-ley_, from _scólu_, a school, and _ley_, a song. A school-song.

_Scollin._ _Scól-in_, from _scólu_, a school, and _in_, a habitation. A school-house.

_Scollon._ _Scól-lond_, from _scólu_, a school, and _lond_, land. School-land.

_Scorr._ _Score_, the shore.

_Scotland._ _Scot_, shot, payment; _land_, land. Payment-land.

_Scotney._ _Scot_, shot, payment; _ney_, from the Irish, implying an agent. A paymaster.

_Scott._ _Scot_, shot, payment.

_Scouler._ _Scolere_, a scholar.

_Scovel._ _Scofl_, a shovel.

_Scudder._ _Sculder_, a shoulder.

_Seabert._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _beorht_, bright. Sea-bright.

_Seabold._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bóld_, a house. A sea-house; a ship.

_Seabourne._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _burne_, a stream. A sea-current.

_Seabrook._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _bróc_, a brook. A sea-brook; a rivulet that empties into the sea.

_Seagrove._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _græf_, a grove. A sea-grove; a grove near the sea.

_Seafert._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _ferdh_, a spirit. A sea-sprite.

_Seal._ _Seal_, a willow, a sallow. Seel, an analogous name. Perhaps, from _seal_, a seal.

_Sealey._ _Seal_, a willow; _ig_, an adjective termination. Willowy; abounding with willows. Sealy, Seely, Seeley, similarly derived.

_Seals._ _Seal_, Seal; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seal.

_Seaman._ _Sǽ-mann_, a sea-man. Seeman, Seemann, kindred names.

_Seamans._ _Seaman_, Seaman; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seaman.

_Seamen._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _men_, plural of _man_. Seamen.

_Seamens._ _Seamen_, Seamen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seamen.

_Seamon._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _mon_, man. A sea-man.

_Seanor._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _nor_, for north. North Sea.

_Search._ _Serce_, a shirt.

_Searchfield._ _Search_, Search; _feld_, a field, a plain. Search’s field.

_Sear._ _Sear_, from _searian_, to sear, to dry up. Dry; withered.

_Searing._ _Sear_, Sear; _ing_, offspring. Son of Sear.

_Searle._ _Sear-el_, from _sear_, sear, and _el_, denoting a personal noun. A withered person; an aged person. Searl, from the same roots.

_Searles._ _Searle_, Searle; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Searle.

_Sears._ _Sear_, Sear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sear.

_Seary._ _Sear_, dry, withered; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Withered. Seeary, an analogous term.

_Seaton._ _Sǽ_, the sea; _tún_, a town. A sea-town; a sea-port.

_Sebald._ _Sé_, pronounced _se_, the sea; _báld_, bold, audacious. Sea-daring.

_Seckel._ _Sec_, battle; _el_, indicative of a person. A warrior.

_Seckinger._ _Sec_, war, battle; _cyng_, a king, ruler, prince; _ere_, an agent. A warrior-king.

_Seddinger._ Perhaps, from _Sedling_, an Ethiopian, and _ere_, an agent. A slave-trader. Sedenger, a corruption of the same.

_Sedgwick._ _Secg_, warrior, soldier; _wic_, a camp, a station. A military camp.

_See._ _Sé_, pronounced _sē_, the sea.

_Seebach._ _Sé_, the sea; _bæc_, pronounced _bāc_, back. An ebbing sea.

_Seeber._ _Sé_, the sea; _bere_, a bear. A sea-bear.

_Seeberger._ _Sé_, the sea; _berg_, a mountain, a hill; _ere_, an agent. One that occupies a sea-mountain; a mermaid. Seeburger, of like significance.

_Seebeth._ _Sé_, the sea; Irish _beth_, a house. A sea-house; a bath-house.

_Seed._ _Séd_, pronounced _sēd_, seed.

_Seeds._ _Seed_, Seed; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seed.

_Seefelder._ _Sé_, the sea; _feld_, a field, a plain; _ere_, an agent. A follower of the sea-plain; a seafaring man.

_Seegrist._ _Sé_, the sea; _grist_, grist, a grinding. Sea-grist; sea-grinding. Segrest, of like import.

_Seehofer._ _Sé_, the sea; _hofer_, a humpback. The sea-humpback.

_Seelaus._ _Sé_, the sea; _lus_, German _laus_, a louse. A sea-louse.

_Seeler._ _Seal_, a seal; _ere_, an agent. A seal-fisher.

_Seehorst._ _Sé_, the sea; _horst_, watching. Sea-watching.

_Seelig._ _Sé_, the sea; _lig_, a flame. A sea-flame. Selig, an analogous name.

_Seelos._ _Sé_, the sea; _los_, loss, losing, destruction. Sea-loss.

_Seery._ _Sé_, the sea; _ríe_, pronounced _rē_, power, dominion. Sea-power.

_Sees._ _See_, See; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of See. Seese, Seez, cognate names.

_Sefer._ _Sé_, the sea; _fer_, a journey. A sea-journey.

_Sefton._ _Seft_, soft, mild, quiet; _tún_, a town, a house. A quiet home.

_Segall._ _Sé_, the sea; _gál_, pronounced _gaul_, lightness, folly. Sea-folly.

_Segner._ _Segne_, a net; _ere_, an agent. A seiner.

_Seher._ _Sé_, the sea, _here_, an army, a host, a legion. A sea-army; a naval expedition.

_Sehers._ _Seher_, Seher; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seher.

_Selbert._ _Sel_, a dwelling, a palace, a hall; _beorht_, brightness. Hall-brightness.

_Selby._ _Sel_, a hall, a palace; _bý_, a habitation. A palatial dwelling.

_Selden._ _Seld_, a royal seat, a throne, a palace; _en_, an adjective ending. Palatial.

_Selfridge._ _Self_, same, self-same; _ricg_, a back, a ridge, a roof. Self-same ridge.

_Seligman._ _Selig_, Selig; _man_, a servant. Selig’s servant.

_Sell._ _Sel_, a dwelling, a mansion, a palace, a hall.

_Seller._ _Sel_, a palace; _ere_, an agent. A king; a prince.

_Sellers._ _Seller_, Seller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Seller.

_Sellick._ _Sel_, a companion; _lic_, like. Companion-like.

_Sells._ _Sell_, Sell; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sell.

_Selman._ _Sell_, Sell; _man_, a servant. Servant of Sell; servant of a palace.

_Selner._ _Sel_, a palace; _nere_, refuge, protection. Palace-refuge; protection of the king.

_Selover._ _Sé_, the sea; _lóf-ere_, a lover. A sea-lover.

_Selser._ _Sells-ere_, from _Sells_, son of Sell, and _ere_, an agent. A servant of Sell’s son. Selser, perhaps, from the same roots.

_Semebroth._ _Sæme_, weak; _bróth_, broth. Weak broth.

_Semisch._ _Sem_, a seam, a bag; _isc_, like. Like a bag.

_Semler._ _Sem_, a bag; _lǽr_, doctrine, knowledge. Bag-knowledge.

_Senat._ _Senat_, a senate. Senate, from the same root.

_Senatz._ _Senats_, from _Senat_, Senat, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Senat.

_Senn._ _Sen_, sin.

_Senneff._ _Senn_, Senn; _nefe_, a niece. Niece of Senn.

_Senner._ _Senn_, Senn; _ere_, an agent. Senn’s servant.

_Setner._ _Setnere_, a seditious person, a revolter.

_Settel._ _Setel_, a settle, a seat, a bench, a stool. Settle, of similar derivation.

_Setter._ _Settere_, a thief.

_Seubel._ _Séw_, the sea; _bel_, a bell. A sea-bell.

_Seubert._ _Séw_, the sea; _beorht_, brightness. Sea-glistening.

_Sharp._ _Scearp_, sharp. Sharpe, another spelling.

_Sharpless._ _Scearp_, sharp; _læs_, less, comparative of _lytel_. Less sharp. Sharples, of similar meaning.

_Sharpley._ _Scearp_, sharp; _líc_, like. Sharp-like.

_Sharps._ _Sharp_, Sharp; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sharp.

_Sharr._ _Scear_, a ploughshare. Also, _scear_, a division.

_Sharsig._ _Sceares_, genitive of _scear_, Sharr’s, and _ig_, an island. Sharr’s island.

_Sharswood._ _Sharr’s_, Sharrs; _wud_, wood. Sharr’s wood. Sharwood, an abbreviated form of the name.

_Shaw._ _Sceawe_, a show.

_Sheaff._ _Sceaf_, a sheaf, a bundle of corn.

_Shealer._ _Sceale_, a scale, a balance; _ere_, an agent. A weigher.

_Shean._ _Sceán_, shone. Sheen, from the same root.

_Shear._ _Scear_, sheared. Sheer, of like derivation.

_Sheard._ _Sceard_, a sheard, a division, a remnant.

_Sheardown._ _Scear_, sheared; _dún_, a mountain, hill, downs. A sheared mountain; a shaven hill.

_Shearer._ _Sceare-ere_, from _sceare_, shears, scissors, and _ere_, an agent. One who uses the shears.

_Shearf._ _Scearfan_, to carve in pieces; _scearfe_, a fragment.

_Shearman._ _Sceare_, sheers; _man_, a man. A shearer; a reaper.

_Shears._ _Shear_, Shear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shear.

_Shearwood._ _Scear_, sheared; _wud_, a wood. A cleared wood. Sherwood, from the same.

_Sheble._ _Sceabb_, a scab; _el_, denoting a person. A shabby fellow.

_Sheck._ _Sceac_, slow, sluggish, lazy, benumbed, costive, bound.

_Shecklin._ _Sceac-líne_, a line which fastens the bottom of a sail.

_Shedaker._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, shadow; _æcer_, a field. A field of shadow; a shaded field.

_Shedden._ _Sceáden_, shaded, shadowed, overwhelmed, oppressed.

_Sheddy._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, belonging to shade. Shady; shadowy.

_Shedinger._ _Sceádan_, to shade, to overwhelm, to oppress; _ing_, expressive of action; _ere_, an agent. A person that overshadows another; an oppressor.

_Shedwick._ _Sceáde_, genitive of _sceádo_, a shadow, a shade; _wic_, a habitation, a village, a convent. A habitation of shade; a shaded village.

_Sheedy._ _Sceáde_, of shadow; _ig_, an island. An island of shadow; a shaded island.

_Sheeler._ _Sceale_, a scale, a balance; _ere_, an agent. A weigher; a balancer.

_Sheen._ _Scén_, pronounced _skēne_, sheen.

_Sheering._ _Scír_, shire; _ing_, offspring, descendant. Son of the shire.

_Sheldon._ _Scel_, a shell; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A shell-hill.

_Shell._ _Scell_, a shell.

_Shellenberger._ _Scellenâ_, of shells; _berg_, a hill, a mountain; _ere_, an agent. A dweller of a shell-hill. Shelberger, of similar derivation.

_Sheller._ _Scell_, a shell; _ere_, an agent. A dealer in shells.

_Shelley._ _Scell_, a shell; _ig_, an adjective termination. Shelly. Shelly, from the same roots.

_Shelling._ _Scelling_, a shilling. Or, _Shell_, Shell; _ing_, an offspring. A descendant of Shell.

_Shellinger._ _Shelling_, Shelling; _ere_, an agent. A servant of Shelling.

_Shelmerdine._ _Scel_, a shell; _mere_, a mere, a lake, a sea; _dínne_, stormy. A tempestuous shell-lake.

_Shelton._ _Shell_, Shell; _tún_, town, house. Home of Shell.

_Sheneman._ _Sheen_, Sheen; _man_, a servant. A servant of Sheen.

_Shenton._ _Scén_, beautiful; _tún_, a house, a habitation. A beautiful house.

_Shepherd._ _Sceáp-hyrde_, from _sceáp_, sheep, and _hyrde_, a keeper of sheep; a shepherd. Shepard, Shephard, Sheppard, analogous names.

_Shepherdson._ _Shepherd_, Shepherd; _sun_, son. Son of Shepherd. Shepperson, of like significance.

_Shepler._ _Sceáp_, sheep; _lǽr_, doctrine. Sheep-knowledge.

_Shepley._ _Sceáp_, sheep; _ley_, a lay, a song. A sheep-lay.

_Sheran._ _Scéran_, to shear, to shave, to cut off, to share, to divide, to grant.

_Sherer._ _Sceare_, shears; _ere_, an agent. A shearer. Sherar, from the same roots.

_Sherick._ _Scer-icge_, an actress. Sherk, Shirk, possibly, from the same derivation.

_Sheridan._ _Scérian_, to divide, to rive, to part.

_Sheriff._ _Scír-gerefa_, from _scír_, a shire, and _gerefa_, a steward, a bailiff, a governor. A governor of a shire; a shire-reeve; a sheriff.

_Sherlock._ _Scír_, white, bright, glorious; _locc_, a lock, hair. A lock of white hair. Shirelock, of similar meaning.

_Sherlow._ _Scír_, a county, province, district; _low_, a grave, a barrow, a small hillock, a tract of country gently rising, a low. A district-low. Shirlow, from the same roots.

_Sherman._ _Scír-mann_, from _scír_, a share, shire, county, district; _mann_, a man. A man who superintends; a shireman; an overseer; a governor, a provost. Shearman, Shireman, of kindred derivation.

_Shermer._ _Scír_, a district, province; _mere_, a mere, a lake, a pool, the sea. A sea-district; a lake-province.

_Sherr._ _Scír_, a district, a province. Shire, of kindred significance.

_Sherrard._ _Scír_, superintendence, stewardship; _ard_, an ensign of office. A badge of stewardship. Sherrerd, of like import.

_Sherrat._ _Scír_, shire, district, county; _áth_, an oath. An oath required by a shire from one in power.

_Sherrell._ _Scír_, a shire, a district; _el_, indicative of a person. A resident of a shire.

_Sherrer._ _Scír_, care, charge; _ere_, an agent. A superintendent; an overseer.

_Sherrie._ _Sherr_, Sherr; _íg_, an island. Sherr’s island. Sherry, from the same roots.

_Sherwin._ _Scír_, a shire; _win_, a friend. A friend of the shire; one devoted to the shire.

_Sherwood._ _Scír_, glorious; _wude_, a forest. A glorious forest. Or, from _scír_, a district; _wud_, a wood. A district wood.

_Shetzline._ _Scetes_, genitive of _scete_, a sheet, a sail; _líne_, a line. The lower sail line.

_Shew._ _Sceawe_, a show.

_Shewell._ _Sceawe_, a show; _el_, indicative of a person. A showman.

_Shiel._ _Sciell_, a scale, a shell.

_Shield._ _Scield_, a shield, a refuge.

_Shields._ _Shield_, Shield; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shield.

_Shill._ _Scill_, a shilling, a piece of uncoined silver, which, when coined, would make five pennies, each of which was 2½ pence.

_Shillady._ _Shill_, Shill; _hlǽfdie_, a mistress, a lady. Shill’s mistress.

_Shilling._ _Scilling_, a shilling. Or, from _Shill_, Shill, and _ing_, an offspring. A son of Shill.

_Shillingford._ _Shilling_, Shilling; _ford_, a ford. Shilling’s ford. Shillingsford, from the same roots.

_Shillingsburg._ _Shillinges_, Shilling’s; _beorg_, a hill. Shilling’s hill.

_Shimer._ _Scíma_, a brightness, splendor, glittering; _ere_, an agent. A wit; a humorist; a scholar.

_Shinn._ _Scínne_, beauty, splendor.

_Shinneberry._ _Shinn_, Shinn; _byrie_, a burial-place. The burial-place of Shinn.

_Shipley._ _Scip_, a ship, a boat; _ley_, a lay, a song. A boat song.

_Shipman._ _Scip-mann_, a ship-man, a sailor.

_Shippen._ _Scyppend_, a former, a creator.

_Shipper._ _Scip-ere_, a sailor.

_Shipps._ _Scipes_, genitive of _scip_, a ship. Belonging to a ship.

_Shirley._ _Scíre_, a shire; _líc_, like. Resembling a shire.

_Shoe._ _Scoe_, or _sceó_, a shoe.

_Shoell._ _Scoe_, a shoe; _el_, denoting a person. A shoemaker.

_Shoemaker._ _Scoe_, a shoe; _mace_, make; _ere_, an agent. A maker of shoes.

_Shoneman._ _Scóne_, beautiful; _mann_, a man. A beautiful man.

_Shook._ _Sceóc_, shook.

_Shoop._ _Scóp_, a farmer, a maker, a poet, a minstrel.

_Shore._ _Score_, the shore.

_Short._ _Sceort_, short.

_Shortell._ _Sceort_, short; _el_, indicative of a person. A short person.

_Shorten._ _Sceort-ain_, from _sceort_, short; _ain_, to make. To make short.

_Shortley._ _Short_, Short; _líc_, like. Resembling Short. Or, from _sceort-líc_, short, momentary.

_Shorts._ _Short_, Short; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Short. Shortts, from the same roots.

_Shoser._ _Scós_, shoes; _ere_, an agent. A shoemaker.

_Shott._ _Scot_, shot, payment.

_Showaker._ _Sceawe_, a show; _æcer_, a field. A show-field. Showeker, from the same roots.

_Showalter._ _Sceawe_, a show; _alter_, an altar. A show-altar.

_Showell._ _Sceawe_, a show; _el_, indicative of a person. A showman.

_Shower._ _Sceawere_, a beholder, spectator, spy, a railer, a scoffer.

_Showers._ _Shower_, Shower; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Shower.

_Showman._ _Sceawe_, a show; _mann_, a man. A showman.

_Shreeve._ _Scréf_, a den, a cave, a layer. Shreve, of like derivation.

_Shreeves._ _Shreeve_, Shreeve; _s_ for sun, son. Son of Shreeve. Shrieves, a kindred name.

_Shrigley._ _Scric_, a thrush, a throstle; _ley_, a song. Thrush song.

_Shriner._ _Scrin_, a shrine, casket, chest; _ere_, an agent. A maker of shrines, caskets.

_Shriver._ _Scrifan_, to shrive, to receive confession; _ere_, an agent. One who receives confessions; a shriver.

_Shroder._ _Scrúd_, a garment, clothing, shroud; _ere_, an agent. A tailor; a shroud-maker.

_Shronk._ _Scruncen_, shrunk, withered.

_Schropshire._ _Scrob_, a shrub; _scír_, a shire, county, district. A shrub-shire; a shrubby district.

_Shubert._ _Scúa_, a shade, a shadow; _beorht_, bright, lucid, clear. A lucid shadow.

_Shuck._ _Scucca_, Satan, the devil.

_Shuff._ _Scúfan_, to shove, to thrust, to cast down; _sceáf_, cast down, removed; _sceaf_, that which is cast down, as a sheaf.

_Shugard._ _Scúa_, a shade; _geard_, a hedge, enclosure, garden. A shaded garden. Shugardt, Shugart, of like parentage.

_Shuler._ _Scúl_, a scowl; _ere_, an agent. One who scowls.

_Shull._ _Scúl_, a scowl, a frown.

_Shumaker._ _Sceó_, a shoe; _macian_, to make; _ere_, one who. A shoemaker.

_Shuman._ _Sceó_, a shoe; _mann_, a man. A shoe-man; a dealer in shoes.

_Shumate._ _Sceó_, a shoe; Dutch _maat_, a husband, a wife, a companion. A shoe-companion.

_Shumway._ _Sceome_, of shame, genitive of _sceamu_; _wæg_, way. The way of shame.

_Shupard._ _Scóp_, a poet, minstrel; _ard_, a badge of office. A minstrel’s staff. Shuperd, slightly altered form of the word.

_Shupe._ _Scóp_, a poet, a minstrel. Shupp, an analogous name.

_Shur._ _Scúr_, a shower of rain, a storm, tempest, a shower of arrows, battle, fight. Shurr, from the same root.

_Shute._ _Scute_, given, expended, transferred, rushed, shot. Shutt, of kindred meaning.

_Shuttleworth._ _Scuttel_, a scuttle, platter, charger, moment; _weordh_, worth, price, value. A moment’s value.

_Shutts._ _Shutt_, Shutt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Shutt. Shutz, similarly derived.

_Shyer._ _Scyan_, to suggest, excite, prompt, persuade; _ere_, an agent. A prompter; a pleader.

_Sibbet._ _Sibbian_, to pacify, to compose; past participle _sibbod_, pacified, composed. Sibbitt, from the same root.

_Sibbits._ _Sibbit_, Sibbit; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sibbit.

_Sibel._ _Sib_, peace, adoption, companionship; _el_, indicative of personality. A companionable person. Sibole of like import.

_Siber._ _Sib_, peace, agreement, alliance; _ere_, an agent. An ally; an abettor.

_Sibert._ _Síb_, peace; _beorht_, famous, illustrious. A famous peace.

_Sibley._ _Sib_, concord, agreement; _ley_, a song. A melody.

_Sibson._ _Sib_, peace, adoption; _sun_, son. Son of adoption. Sibbs, an abbreviated form of the same.

_Sick._ _Síc_, sick.

_Sickel._ _Sicel_, pronounced _sickel_, a sickle. Sickle, Sickel, from the same root.

_Sickels._ _Sickel_, Sickel; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sickel. Sickles, a cognate term.

_Sicker._ _Síc_, sick; _ere_, an agent. A sick person.

_Sickler._ _Sicel_, a sickle; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a sickle.

_Siddall._ _Síd_, ample, spacious, broad, vast; _dál_, a valley. A broad valley. Siddell, Sidel, Sidle, alike in derivation.

_Siddon._ _Síd_, spacious, vast; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A spacious hill.

_Siddins._ _Siddin_, Siddon; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Siddon.

_Side._ _Síd_, ample, broad, various, diverse. Or, from _síde_, silk.

_Sidebotham._ _Síd_, ample, full, vast; _bót_, atonement, indemnity, redress, cure; _hám_, house, dwelling. The home of full atonement.

_Sidebottom._ _Síd_, broad; _botm_, bottom. Broad bottom.

_Sidenburg._ _Síden_, silken, made of silk; _burg_, a fort, a castle, a house. A house made of silk.

_Sides._ _Side_, Side; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Side.

_Sidleman._ _Sidle_, Sidle; _man_, a servant. Sidle’s servant.

_Sidley._ _Sidle_, Sidle; _líc_, like. Resembling Sidle.

_Sidney._ _Síden_, silken, made of silk.

_Siebel._ _Sie_, victory, triumph, crown; _bel_, a bell. A peal of triumph.

_Siebeling._ _Siebel_, Siebel; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Siebel.

_Sieber._ _Sie_, a crown; _bere_, barley. A crown of barley.

_Siebert._ _Sie-beorht_, triumphantly, or gloriously bright.

_Siebott._ _Sie_, victory; _bót_, atonement. A victorious atonement.

_Siebrecht._ _Sie_, crown; _brecht_, conquered. Crown conquered.

_Siebrist._ _Sie_, victory; _brist_, bearest. Victory bearest.

_Siedenback._ _Síden_, silken; _bæc_, back. A silken back.

_Siedler._ _Síde_, silk; _lǽr_, doctrine. Silk-knowledge.

_Siefert._ _Sie_, triumph; _fert_, spirit. A spirit of triumph.

_Siefken._ _Sielf-cyn_, from _sielf_, a salve, and _cyn_, kind. A kind of herb salve.

_Siegel._ _Sigel_, the sun, a jewel. Siegle, from the same root.

_Siegler._ _Sigel_, a jewel; _ere_, an agent. A jeweller.

_Siegman._ _Sige_, victory; _man_, a man. A victorious man. Siegmann, from the same roots.

_Sieler._ _Sie_, the sea; _lǽr_, doctrine. Sea-knowledge.

_Siemers._ _Sie_, the sea; _merse_, a marsh, a fen. A sea-marsh.

_Siemon._ _Sie_, the sea; _mon_, a man. A seafaring man.

_Sier._ _Sieran_, to lie in wait for, to plot, to conspire.

_Sifer._ _Sie_, the sea; _fer_, a journey. A sea journey.

_Sigmund._ _Sige_, victory; _mund_, a hand. A victorious hand.

_Silbert._ _Sigel-beorht_, from _sigel_ or _sigl_, the sun, and beorht, bright. Sun-bright.

_Sill._ _Sigl_, a necklace.

_Sillady._ _Sill_, Sill; _hlǽfdie_, a mistress. Sill’s mistress.

_Siller._ _Sigl_, a necklace, a brooch, an ornament; _ere_, an agent. A jeweller.

_Silliman._ _Sill_, Sill; _man_, a servant. Sill’s servant.

_Sills._ _Sill_, Sill; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sill.

_Silpath._ _Sigl_, the sun; _pæth_, a path. The sun-path; sunny path.

_Sillsby._ _Sills_, Sill’s; _bý_, a habitation. Sill’s home.

_Silver._ _Silfer_, silver.

_Silverberg._ _Silfer_, silver; _beorg_, a hill, a mountain. A mountain of silver.

_Silvers._ _Silver_, Silver; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Silver.

_Silverstine._ _Silferes_, genitive of _silfer_, silver; _tine_, a tine, a tooth of a harrow. A silver tine.

_Silverthorn._ _Silfer_, silver; _thorn_, a thorn. A silver-thorn. Silverthorne, from the same roots.

_Simard._ _Sima_, a judge; _ard_, an ensign of office. A judge.

_Sime._ _Sima_, a bond, a reconciler, a judge. Syme, a kindred term.

_Simes._ _Sime_, Sime; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sime. Simms, Sims, Symes, from the same roots.

_Simington._ _Sima_, a reconciler; _ing_, expressive of action; _tún_, house. Home of reconciliation. Simmington, Symington, alike in derivation.

_Simkin._ _Sim_, Sime; _cyn_, kin, relation. Sime’s relation. Simpkin, of similar meaning.

_Simkins._ _Simkin_, Simkin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simkin. Simpkins, from the same roots.

_Simkis._ _Sima_, a judge; _cys_, pure. An upright judge.

_Simler._ _Sima_, a judge; _lǽr_, doctrine. Judicial knowledge.

_Simmer._ _Sima_, a bond; _ere_, an agent. A notary.

_Simmers._ _Simmer_, Simmer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmer.

_Simmon._ _Sima_, a bond; _mon_, a man. A bondman.

_Simmond._ _Sima_, a bond; _mund_, a protection. A bond-protection.

_Simmonds._ _Simmond_, Simmond; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmond. Simonds, Symonds, kindred names.

_Simmons._ _Simmōn_, Simmon; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Simmon. Simmins, Symons, doubtless, of like parentage.

_Simpson._ _Simp_, Sime; _sun_, son. Son of Sime. Simson, from the same roots.

_Sindall._ _Sin_, sin; _dál_, a valley. Valley of sin.

_Sine._ _Sín_, sight, vision, appearance.

_Siner._ _Sín_, a vision; _ere_, an agent. One who sees visions; a dreamer.

_Sines._ _Sine_, Sine; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sine.

_Singer._ _Singan_, to sing, to play upon an instrument, to say, to pronounce; _ere_, an agent. A singer; a musician; a soothsayer.

_Singerly._ _Singer_, Singer; _líc_, like. Resembling Singer.

_Singler._ _Singan_, to sing, to play upon an instrument; _lǽr_, doctrine. Music-knowledge.

_Singley._ _Sing_, Sing; _ley_, from _líc_, like. Resembling Sing.

_Sings._ _Sing_, Sing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sing.

_Sink._ _Sinc_, collection, heap, gain, treasure, riches, silver.

_Sinn._ _Sin_, or _synne_, sin.

_Sinnamon._ _Sina_, genitive of _sina_, sinews; _mon_, a man. A man of sinews; an athlete. Synnamon, Synamon, of similar derivation.

_Sinning._ _Sinn_, Sinn; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Sinn.

_Sinns._ _Sinn_, Sinn; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sinn.

_Sithen._ _Sidhan_, times, courses.

_Sithens._ _Sithen_, Sithen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sithen.

_Six._ _Six_, six.

_Sixsmith_, _Six_, Six; _smidh_, an artificer, a smith, a workman. Six’s workman.

_Sixte._ _Sixte_, sixth.

_Skean._ _Sceán_, shone. Skeehan, Skeen, from the same radix.

_Skeffington._ _Sceafa_, a shaving instrument; _ing_, expressive of

## action; _tún_, a house. A place where shaving is done.

_Skelly._ _Scell-ig_, from _scell_, a shell, and _ig_, an adjective termination. Shelly.

_Skerl._ _Scer_, a ploughshare; _el_, indicative of a person. A plowman.

_Skerratt._ _Scer-geát_, from _scer_, a ploughshare; _geát_, an opening, a gap. A gap made by a ploughshare; a furrow.

_Skinner._ _Scin_, the skin; _ere_, an agent. One who removes the skin; a skinner.

_Skipton._ _Scip_, a ship; _tún_, a town. A ship-town.

_Slack._ _Sleac_, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy.

_Slade._ _Slǽd_, a slade, plain, open tract of country.

_Slagle._ _Slæge_, slaying, slaughter; _el_, indicative of a person. A slayer; a murderer.

_Slater._ _Slát_, slit; _ere_, an agent. One who slits, or cuts.

_Slauch._ _Slǽc_, slack, slow, remiss, idle, sleepy.

_Slaugh._ _Slæge_, slaying, slaughter, striking, beating, dashing together, a knock.

_Slaw._ _Sláw_, slow, idle, lazy.

_Slawson._ _Slaw_, Slaw; _sun_, son. Son of Slaw.

_Slaymaker._ _Slæ_, a weaver’s reed, a slay; _mac-ere_, a maker. A slay-maker.

_Slayman._ _Slæ_, a slay; _man_, a man. A man who uses the slay; a weaver.

_Slayton._ _Slæ_, a slay; _tún_, a house, a habitation. A house where weaving is done.

_Sleeper._ _Slǽp-ere._ A sleeper.

_Slick._ _Slicc_, a mallet, a hammer.

_Slider._ _Slidor_, a slider.

_Slifer._ _Slifer_, slippery.

_Sloan._ _Slán_, pronounced _slōn_, sloes. Also, from _slán_, to strike, to fight, to slay, to throw. Sloane, from the same roots.

_Sloanaker._ _Slán_, sloes; _æcer_, a field. A field of sloes. Slonaker, a kindred name.

_Sloat._ _Slát_, pronounced _slōte_, torn, bitten, broken through. Slote, of the same derivation.

_Slocomb._ _Slá_, pronounced _slō_, a sloe; _comb_, a valley. A sloe-valley.

_Slocum._ _Slá_, a sloe; _cumb_, or _coom_, a valley. A sloe-valley.

_Sloman._ _Slá_, a sloe; _man_, a man. A collector of sloes.

_Slough._ _Slog_, a slough, a hollow place.

_Slow._ _Sláw_, slow, idle, lazy.

_Slowe._ _Sláwe_, slow, idle. Slowey, from the same radix.

_Slowman._ _Sláw_, slow, lazy; _man_, a man. A slow man; a lazy man.

_Slugg._ _Slóg_, slew, killed.

_Smack._ _Smæc_, smack, taste, savor.

_Small._ _Smæl_, small, slender, thin, narrow.

_Smalley._ _Smale_, a slender person.

_Smallman._ _Smæl_, small; _man_, a man. A small man.

_Smallwood._ _Smæl_, thin; _wud_, a forest. A thin forest.

_Smeal._ _Smea_, little, fine, subtle; _l_ for _el_, indicative of a person. A subtle person.

_Smeaton._ _Smeat_, beaten; _tún_, a city. A beaten city. Smeeten, of kindred significance.

_Smedley._ _Smédh-líc_, smoothly.

_Smick._ _Smíc_, smoke, vapor.

_Smiley._ _Smilte_, serene, placid, fair, smooth, calm.

_Smith._ _Smidh_, any one who strikes with a hammer, an artificer, a carpenter, a smith, a workman. Smyth, from the same radix.

_Smithman._ _Smidh-the_, a smithy, a workshop; _man_, a man. The man of the workshop.

_Smithing._ _Smith_, Smith; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Smith.

_Smithson._ _Smith_, Smith; _sun_, son. Son of Smith.

_Smock._ _Smoc_, a smock, a farm-laborer’s blouse.

_Smocker._ _Smoc_, a smock; _ere_, an agent. One who wears a smock.

_Smythe._ _Smidh-the_, a smithy, a workshop.

_Snader._ _Snæd_, a shaft, a pole, the handle of a scythe; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a snead, or sneed. Sneeder, a cognate term.

_Snare._ _Sneáre_, a snare, a loop, a noose.

_Sneade._ _Snæd_, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe. Sneed, of like derivation.

_Sneath._ _Snæd_, a pole, a shaft, the handle of a scythe.

_Sneden._ _Snǽd-en_, to cut, to cut off, to amputate. Snethen, from the same radix.

_Snediker._ _Snǽd_, cut, shorn; _æcer_, a field. A mown field.

_Sneer._ _Snear_, active, quick, nimble.

_Snelbaker._ _Snel-bæc-ere_, from _snel_, active, cheerful; _bæcere_, a baker. An active, cheerful baker. Snellbaker, from the same roots.

_Snell._ _Snel_, or _snell_, quick, active, cheerful, bold, brave.

_Snelling._ _Snell_, Snell; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Snell.

_Sneyd._ _Snid_, I cut, I amputate, I slay.

_Snider._ _Snid-ere_, a cutter, hewer, pruner. Snyder, from the same derivation.

_Snodgrass._ _Snod_, a fillet, a cap, a hood; _græs_, grass. A straw fillet; a straw cap.

_Snow._ _Snáw_, snow.

_Snowdon._ _Snáw-dan_, to snow.

_Snowdon._ _Snáw-dún_, from _snáw_, snow; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. A snow mountain.

_Soden._ _Soden_, perfect participle of _seódham_, to boil, to agitate, to cook. Boiled; agitated; cooked.

_Soder._ _Seod_, a little sack, a bag, scrip; _ere_, an agent. A sack-maker. Soeder, of like significance.

_Soding._ _Seod_, a bag, a sack; _ing_, expressive of action. Sack-making.

_Sodman._ _Seod_, a bag, a sack; _man_, a man. A sack-maker; a bag-dealer.

_Soeffing._ _Seofung_, sighing, sobbing, lamentation.

_Somer._ _Sumer_, summer. Sommer, Summer, from the same radix.

_Somers._ _Somer_, Somer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Somer. Sommers, Summers, equivalents.

_Somerset._ _Somer-setl_, from _sumer_, summer, and _setl_, a seat. A summer seat. Sommerset, a kindred term.

_Sorg._ _Sorg_, sorrow, care, anxiety.

_Sorig._ _Sorhg_, sorrow.

_Souder._ _Sódh_, truth; _ere_, an agent. One who speaks the truth.

_Souders._ _Souder_, Souder; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Souder.

_South._ _Súdh_, south.

_Southcott._ _Súdh_, south; _cóte_, a cottage. A south-cottage.

_Southern._ _Súdh-erna_, southern.

_Southwark._ _Súdh-geweorc_, from _súdh_, south, and _geweorc_, a fortress, a work. A south-work; a south-fortress.

_Southwell._ _Súdh_, south; _wel_, a well. A south-well.

_Southwick._ _Súdh_, south; _wic_, a camp. A south-camp.

_Southwood._ _Súdh_, south; _wud_, wood. A south-wood.

_Southworth._ _Súdh_, south; _weordh_, worth, price, value. South-worth; southern value.

_Sower._ _Sawere_, a sower.

_Sowerby._ _Sower_, Sower; _bý_, a dwelling, a habitation. Sower’s dwelling.

_Sowers._ _Sower_, Sower; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Sower.

_Sox._ _Socks_, from _socces_, genitive of _socc_, a sock, a woolen wrapper for the feet. Belonging to a sock.

_Spackman._ _Spǽc_, speech; _man_, a man. A speaker; an orator.

_Spader._ _Spád_, a spade; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a spade; a digger.

_Spadone._ _Spǽdan_, to speed, to prosper, to succeed.

_Spaeter._ _Spǽtan_, to spit; _ere_, an agent. A spitter. Spaetter, from the same roots.

_Spahn._ _Span_, a span.

_Spang._ _Spange_, a little lock, a clasp.

_Spangler._ _Spange_, a lock, a clasp; _lǽr_, doctrine. Lock-knowledge.

_Spannagel._ _Span_, a span; _nægel_, a nail. A span-nail.

_Spare._ _Spær_, spare, frugal, moderate, small. Spare, from the same derivation.

_Sparhawk._ _Spear-hafoc_, from _spear_, a spear, lance, dart, and _hafoc_, a hawk. A sparrow-hawk.

_Sparmaker._ _Speare_, a spear; _mac-ere_, a maker. A spear-maker.

_Sparman._ _Speare_, a spear; _man_, a man. A Spearman. Spearman, from the same.

_Sparrow._ _Spearwa_, a sparrow.

_Spearshott._ _Speare_, a spear; _scot_, a shot. A spear-shot.

_Speakman._ _Speac_, speak; _man_, a man. A speaker.

_Spealler._ _Spell_, history, story, speech, opinion, language; _ere_, an agent, An historian; a lawyer; a linguist.

_Spear._ _Speare_, a spear. Speer, Speir, from the same root.

_Spearing._ _Spear_, Spear; _ing_, an offspring. A descendant of Spear. Spering, a kindred word.

_Spears._ _Spear_, Spear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Spear.

_Speck._ _Specca_, a blot, a blemish, a spot.

_Specketer._ _Specca_, a blot; _etere_, an eater, a consumer. A blot-consumer; a blotter.

_Spedden._ _Spéd-an_, to speed, to prosper, to succeed.

_Speece._ _Spǽc_, speech.

_Speel._ _Spel_, a history, a narrative, a story.

_Speers._ _Speer_, Speer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Speer.

_Spellman._ _Spell_, history, narration; _man_, a man. A narrator.

_Spicer._ _Spic_, bacon; _ere_, an agent. A hog-butcher. Spicker, an analogous term.

_Spillard._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to destroy, to kill; _ard_, an ensign of office. A destroyer; an executioner.

_Spiller._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to destroy; _ere_, an agent. A destroyer.

_Spillin._ _Spill-ing_, a wasting, a consuming, spoiling, destruction.

_Spillinger._ _Spill-ing_, consuming, spoiling; _ere_, an agent. A consumer; a spoiler.

_Spillman._ _Spill-an_, to spill, to kill; _man_, a man. An executioner; a hangman; a murderer.

_Spindler._ _Spindel_, a spindel, a needle; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a spindle.

_Spooner._ _Spoon_, chips, tinder, touchwood; _ere_, an agent. A fireman.

_Spor._ _Spor_, a heel, a spur.

_Sporer._ _Spor_, a spur; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a spur; a rider.

_Sporl._ _Spor_, a spur; _el_, indicative of a person. A rider.

_Sprang._ _Sprang_, sprang, leaped.

_Spranger._ _Sprang_, sprang; _ere_, an agent. A springer; a leaper.

_Springer._ _Spring_, a spring, a leap; _ere_, an agent. A leaper.

_Springfield._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _feld_, a field, a plain. A springy field.

_Springman._ _Spring_, a spring, a leap; _man_, a man. A leaper.

_Springs._ _Spring_, Spring; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Spring.

_Springstead._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _stede_, a place, a station. A spring-place.

_Springthorpe._ _Spring_, a spring, a fountain; _thorpe_, a village. A spring-village.

_Spurr._ _Spura_, a spur.

_Stack._ _Stáca_, a stake, a pile.

_Stackel._ _Stáca_, a stake, a pile; _el_, indicative of personality. One tied, or burnt at a stake.

_Stacker._ _Stáca_, a stake; _ere_, an agent. One who constructs a fence or a palisade. Staker, a kindred name.

_Stackhouse._ _Stáca_, a stake; _hús_, a house, a building. A building with a palisade; a fortress.

_Stacpoole._ _Stáca_, a stake; _púl_, a pool, a lake. A staked lake.

_Staff._ _Stæf_, a staff, stick, support, a letter, writing. Staffe, from the same root.

_Staffner._ _Stæf_, a staff; _nere_, refuge, preservation. Staff-preservation.

_Stafford._ _Stæf-ford_, from _stæf_, a stick, a pole; _ford_, a ford. A staff used in wading through a stream.

_Stager._ _Stǽger_, a stair, step, degree.

_Stagers._ _Stager_, Stager; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stager.

_Stagg._ _Stæg_, a rope in the fore-part of a ship.

_Stagger._ _Stæg_, a rope in the fore-part of a ship; _ere_, an agent. One who has charge of the rope in the fore-part of a ship.

_Staggers._ _Stagger_, Stagger; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stagger.

_Stainrook._ _Stán_, a rock; _róc_, a rook. A rock-rook; a rook that dwells upon rocks.

_Stains._ _Stán-es_, genitive of _Stán_, a stone. From Staines, Middlesex, on the banks of the Thames, England, from a boundary stone placed here to denote the extent of the jurisdiction claimed by the city of London on the river Thames.

_Stainsby._ _Stains_, Stains; _bý_, a dwelling. Stains’ habitation.

_Stakes._ _Stake_, Stack; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stack.

_Staley._ _Stæl_, a stall, a room; _ig_, expression of an adjective. Roomy.

_Stall._ _Stæl_, a stall, place, seat, room.

_Stallman._ _Stæl_, a stall; _man_, a man. One who keeps a stall.

_Stamford._ _Stæng_, a stake, a pole; _ford_, a ford. A pole-ford.

_Stanbridge._ _Stán-breig_, from _stán_, a stone, and _bricg_, a bridge. A stone-bridge; a paved way.

_Stancliff._ _Stán-cleof_, from _stán_, a stone, and _cleof_, a cliff. A stone-cliff; a rock.

_Standbridge._ _Stand_, a stand, a station; _bricg_, a bridge. A toll-bridge.

_Standen._ _Stand_, a stand; _en_, significant of a participle. Stood.

_Standfield._ _Stand_, a station; _feld_, a field. A station-field.

_Standing._ _Standan_, to stand, to continue; _ing_, expressing action. Standing; continuing.

_Standish._ _Stand_, a stand; _isc_, a termination of an adjective used substantively. A stand.

_Standley._ _Stand_, a stand; _ley_ for _líc_, like. Resembling a stand.

_Standring._ _Stand_, a station; _hring_, a ring. A station-ring. Standering, a kindred term.

_Stanfield._ _Stán_, a stone; _feld_, a plain. A stone-plain.

_Stanford._ _Stán-ford_, from _stán_, a stone, and _ford_, a ford. A stone-ford.

_Stang._ _Stæng_, a bar of wood, a pole, a lever, a club. In Derbyshire, England, the word was used to denote a large pole employed in removing new-made hay.

_Stanger._ _Stæng_, a pole, a lever; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a lever.

_Stanley._ _Stán_, a stone; _líc_, like. Resembling stone.

_Stansberry._ _Stánes_, genitive of _stán_, a stone; _berige_, a berry. The berry of a stone; a stone-fruit. Stansbery, from the same roots.

_Stansbury._ _Stánes_, genitive of _stán_, a stone; _byríg_, a city. A city of stone; a stone-city.

_Stansfield._ _Stánes_, of stones; _feld_, a field. A field of stone; a stone-field.

_Stanton._ _Stán_, a stone; _tán_, a town. A stone-town. Stant, possibly, a contraction of the name. Staunton, from the same roots.

_Stanwood._ _Stán_, a stone; _wud_, a wood. A stone-wood.

_Stanz._ _Stants_, from _Stant_, Stant, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stant.

_Stapleford._ _Stapel_, a step, a prop, a trestle; _ford_, a ford. A trestle-ford.

_Stapler._ _Stapel_, support; _ere_, an agent. A supporter.

_Staples._ _Stapeles_, genitive of _stapel_, a trestle. Belonging to a trestle.

_Stapleton._ _Stapel_, a step, an elevated place; _tún_, a mansion. A mansion reached by steps.

_Stark._ _Stearc_, stark, strong, severe, hard, austere, sharp.

_Starkweather._ _Stearc_, severe; _wedher_, weather. Severe weather.

_Starling._ _Stærn_, a starling; _ling_, a termination indicative of image, example.

_Starn._ _Stærn_, a starling. Starne, of like significance.

_Starr._ _Steorra_, a star.

_Starrs._ _Starr_, Starr; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Starr.

_Staub._ _Staub_, a worthless vessel, one unable to stand.

_Staubes._ _Staubes_, genitive of _staub_, a useless vessel. Belonging to a worthless vessel.

_Stead._ _Stæde_, a place, station, stead.

_Steadham._ _Stede_, steady, stable, firm; _hám_, a house. A firm house.

_Steadman._ _Stede_, steady, stable; _man_, a man. A steady man. Stedman, a kindred term.

_Stearn._ _Stearn_, the stern. Stearne, Sterne, of like derivation.

_Stearns._ _Stearn_, Stearn; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stearn.

_Stebbing._ _Steb_, a boll, a trunk; _ing_, originating from. Offspring of a trunk; a shoot; a branch.

_Stebbins._ _Stebbing_, Stebbing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stebbing.

_Steed._ _Stéda_, a steed, a stallion.

_Steel._ _Stýl_, steel. Steele, from the same radix.

_Steeling._ _Steel_, Steel; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Steel.

_Steelman._ _Stýl_ steel; _man_, a man. A steel-man; a dealer in steel.

_Steelwagon._ _Stýl_, steel; _wǽgen_, a wagon, a car. A steel-wagon; a car for the conveyance of steel.

_Steen._ _Sténe_, a stone.

_Steenburg._ _Sténe_, a stone; _beorg_, a mountain, a hill. A stone-hill.

_Steenson._ _Steen_, Steen; _sun_, son. Son of Steen.

_Steere._ _Stýre_, a rule, direction, regulation, government. Steer, from the same root.

_Steeringer._ _Steór-an_, to steer; _ing_, implying action; _ere_, an agent. One who has charge of the steering; a pilot.

_Steers._ _Steer_, Steer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Steer.

_Steever._ _Stæf_, a staff, a stick; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a staff; an old man.

_Steffen._ _Stefen_, a voice, message, sound, tone, concert, agreement. Steffan, of like meaning.

_Steffe._ _Stef_, a staff.

_Steffens._ _Steffen_, Steffen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Steffen.

_Steffler._ _Stef_, a staff; _lǽr_, doctrine. Staff-knowledge.

_Steger._ _Stegher_, a step, a stair.

_Stell._ _Stell_, a place, seat, room. Stelle, doubtless, from the same root.

_Stellwagen._ _Stell_, a seat; _wǽgen_, a wagon, a car. A carriage. Stelwagon, of kindred signification.

_Stem._ _Stemn_, a voice, a command, a set time. Steman, of like derivation.

_Stemme._ _Stemne_, a voice, a command.

_Stemmler._ _Stemn_, a voice; _lǽr_, doctrine. Voice-knowledge. Stemler, from the same roots.

_Stempel._ _Stemn_, a voice, a command; _el_, indicative of a person. A leader; a commander.

_Steng._ _Stenge_, a bar, a pole, a lever.

_Stengel._ _Stenge_, a lever; _el_, implying a person. A person that uses a lever. Stengle, a slightly varied form.

_Stenger._ _Stenge_, a bar, a pole; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a steng.

_Stephen._ _Stefen_, a voice, message, sound, tone. Stephan, from the same.

_Stephens._ _Stephen_, Stephen; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stephen. Stevens, a kindred term.

_Stephenson._ _Stephen_, Stephen; _sun_, son. Son of Stephen. Stevenson, from the same roots.

_Sterk._ _Sterc_, stark, rough, rigid.

_Sterling._ _Steóran_, to direct; _ling_, a termination denoting the condition of a person. In a condition to direct. Stirling, an equivalent word.

_Stern._ _Stern_, severe, hard, austere.

_Sterner._ _Stern_, severe; _ere_, an agent. A severe person.

_Sternfield._ _Stern_, rough, hard; _feld_, a field. A rough field.

_Sterns._ _Stern_, Stern; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stern.

_Sterr._ _Ster_, history.

_Steward._ _Stiward_, from Icelandic _stia_, work, and Anglo-Saxon _weard_, a guard. One who has the guard of work. Anciently, _stede-weard_, from _stede_, place, station, stead, and _weard_, a guard, guardianship, watch: that is, one who has the guardianship of a place. Stewart, of like kinship.

_Sticker._ _Stice_, a puncture, a stab; _ere_, an agent. A butcher.

_Stickle._ _Sticca_, a stick; _le_ for _el_, indicative of a person, or expressive of the action of a person. The word originated from the practice of prize-fighters, who placed seconds with staffs, or _sticks_, to interpose occasionally: hence, to interpose.

_Stickler._ _Stickle_, to stickle, to interpose; _ere_, an agent. One that interposes; a sidesman to fencers; a pertinacious contender. Formerly, one who stood by to prevent the shedding of blood in a contest between two persons: so called, from the _sticks_, or staves, in his hands, with which he interposed between the combatants.

_Stickley._ _Stickler_, a stickler; _líc_, like. Resembling a stickler; stickler-like.

_Stickling._ _Stickle_, to stickle; _ing_, denoting an action. The action of a stickler.

_Stickney._ _Stician_, to stick, to adhere; Irish _neać_, an agent. One that sticks to another; an adherent.

_Stidfole._ _Stide_, firm, fast; _fole_, a foal, a colt. A fast foal.

_Stidham._ _Stide_, firm; _hám_, house. An established house.

_Stiff._ _Stif_, stiff, hard.

_Stiger._ _Stígan_, to ascend, to rise, to climb; _ere_, an agent. A climber.

_Stigale._ _Stigel_, a stile.

_Stileman._ _Stigel_, a stile; _man_, a man. A man who has charge of a stile.

_Stiles._ _Stigale_, Stigale; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stigale.

_Still._ _Stille_, still, quiet, fixed, firm.

_Stilley._ _Still-íce_, stilly, quietly.

_Stilling._ _Still-ian_, to make still, to tranquilize; _ing_, implying

## action. Tranquilizing.

_Stillings._ _Stilling_, Stilling; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stilling.

_Stillman._ _Stille_, quiet; _man_, a man. A quiet man.

_Stillwagon._ _Stille_, fixed; _wǽgen_, a wagon. A stationary wagon.

_Stillwell._ _Stille_, quiet; _wel_, a well. A quiet well; an unused well. Stelwell, a cognate term.

_Stilson._ _Stille_, quiet, fixed; _sun_, son. A quiet son; a dead son.

_Sting._ _Stineg_, sting, prick, a biting, or stinging.

_Stinger._ _Stingan_, to sting, to prick, to stab; _ere_, an agent. He who, or that which, stings, or pricks.

_Stock._ _Stoc_, a stock, stem, trunk, block, stick. _Stock_, past

## participle of _stician_, to stick: hence _stock_, in its multifarious

meanings, implies fixedness.

_Stocker._ _Stoc_, stock; _ere_, an agent. One who has stock.

_Stockham._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _hám_, a farm. A stock-farm; a nursery of trees.

_Stockler._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _lǽr_, learning, knowledge. Stock-lore; tree-knowledge.

_Stockley._ _Stoc_, stock; _líc_, like. Stock-like; trunk-like; thick; stubbed; stocky.

_Stockman._ _Stoc_, stock, stem; _man_, a man. A stock-man; a keeper of stock; a nurseryman.

_Stocks._ _Stock_, Stock; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stock.

_Stockton._ _Stoc_, stock; _tún_, a farm. A stock-farm.

_Stockwell._ _Stock_, a stock, stem, trunk, stick; _well_, a well. A well found in a wooded place.

_Stoddard._ _Stod_, a post, a stand, a pillar; _ard_, an ensign of office. A post-sign. Stoddart, doubtless, from the same roots.

_Stoffer._ _Stof_, a club; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a club; a warrior.

_Stokely._ _Stock_, past participle of _stic-ian_, to stick, to push, to poke, and, hence, to stir; a person who sticks, pushes, or pokes is a _sticker_, or a stoker; _líc_, like. Stoker-like. Stokley, a cognate form.

_Stoker._ _Sticker_, one who, or that which, _sticks_, pushes, or stirs, as it were, a fire. In Ireland, such a person was a _stoca_, a servant-boy.

_Stokes._ _Stoke_, Stoke; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stoke.

_Stone._ _Stán_, a stone.

_Stoneham._ _Stán_, stone; _hám_, house. A stone-house.

_Stonehill._ _Stán_, a stone; _hill_, or _hyl_, a hill. A stone-hill.

_Stoneman._ _Stán_, a stone; _man_, a man. A quarryman.

_Stoner._ _Stán_, a stone; _ere_, an agent. A stone-breaker.

_Stones._ _Stone_, Stone; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stone.

_Stony._ _Stǽn-ig_, or _stǽn-iht_, stony.

_Stoop._ _Stoppa_, a pot, a vessel, a cup.

_Stoops._ _Stoop_, Stoop; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stoop. Stoopes, a kindred form.

_Storck._ _Storc_, a stork. Storch, Stork, from the same radix.

_Storm._ _Storm_, or _steorm_, a storm, a tempest.

_Storms._ _Storm_, Storm; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Storm.

_Stott._ _Stotte_, a hack, jade, a worthless horse.

_Stotten._ _Stotte_, a jade; _en_, an adjective termination. Jadish; vicious.

_Stotts._ _Stott_, Stott; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Stott. Stotz, of similar derivation.

_Stow._ _Stow_, a place, dwelling-place, habitation.

_Stowman._ _Stow_, a place; _man_, a man. The man of the place; the proprietor.

_Strack._ _Strac_, straight, rigid, violent.

_Stracker._ _Strac_, rigid, violent; _ere_, an agent. A stern man; a violent man.

_Strader._ _Strade_, imperfect of _stredan_, to spread; _ere_, an agent. One who spreads, or straddles. Or, from _stræde_, a stride; _ere_, one who. One who strides.

_Stradinger._ _Strade_, spread; _ing_, implying action; _ere_, an agent. A straddling person.

_Stradling._ _Strade_, spread; _ling_, denoting state or condition of a person. Act of one who straddles.

_Strand._ _Strand_, a strand, beach, shore.

_Strang._ _Strang_, strong, powerful, valiant, severe, rigid. Strong, from the same root.

_Stratton._ _Stræte_, what is spread, a couch, a bed; _tún_, a house. A bed-house; an inn.

_Straw._ _Streow_, or _strēaw_, straw, hay, a bed.

_Strawbridge._ _Streaw_, a bed; _brycg_, a bridge. A bridge that is flat like a bed.

_Street._ _Strǽt_, street, way, course, public road, mark.

_Streeter._ _Strǽt_, a way, a road; _ere_, an agent. A foot-traveler.

_Streeton._ _Strǽt_, a street; _tún_, a town. A city or town of streets.

_Streets._ _Street_, Street; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Street.

_Strenger._ _Streng_, a string, sinew; _ere_, an agent. A sinewy man.

_Stricker._ _Strica_, a stroke; _ere_, an agent. One who makes a strike; a striker.

_Strickland._ _Astricen_, a participle from _astrican_, to smite; _land_, a land, a region. A smitten region. Or, from _stric_, plague, sedition, and _land_, land. A plague-land; a land of sedition.

_String._ _String_, a string, sinew, chord, cord, rope, line, race.

_Stringer._ _String_, a chord, the string of a musical instrument; _ere_, an agent. A musician.

_Stringfellow._ _String_, a string; _felaw_, a companion. A string-companion; a band-fellow.

_Stringfield._ _String_, a line; _feld_, a field. A fenced field.

_Styer._ _Stýre_, ruling, direction, regulation, government, discipline, punishment.

_Styers._ _Styer_, Styer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Styer.

_Styler._ _Stýl_, steel; _ere_, an agent. Steel-maker.

_Styles._ _Stýles_, genitive of _stýl_, steel. Belonging to steel.

_Styring._ _Styer_, Styer; _ing_, offspring. Son of Styer.

_Sugden_, _Súg_, a sow; _den_, a valley. Sow-valley.

_Sugg._ _Súg_, a sow.

_Sulger._ _Sulg_, a plough, a ploughshare; _ere_, an agent. One who ploughs; a ploughman.

_Sullwin._ _Sul_, a plough; _wine_, a friend, a disciple. A disciple of the plough; a farmer.

_Summ_, _Sum_, some, one, some one, any.

_Summerfield._ _Sumer_, or _somer_, summer; _feld_, a field. A summer-field; a field of grass and flowers. Sommerfield, of like derivation.

_Sumner._ _Sumer_, summer, by the insertion of an _n_ between _m_ and _e_, becomes the name under consideration, and affords a good illustration of one of the many attempts made to disguise the origin of names.

_Sundberg._ _Sund_, floating; _beorg_, a mountain. A floating mountain; an iceberg.

_Sunderland._ _Sunder_, sunder, separate, different; _land_, land. A separate land; a land that has been sundered, from _sundrían_, to sunder, or separated.

_Sutton._ _Súdh_, south; _tún_, town. South-town.

_Suwald._ _Súdh_, south; _wald_, wood. South-wood.

_Swallow._ _Swalewe_, a swallow.

_Swan._ _Swan_, a swan. Swann, from the same radix.

_Swank._ _Swânc_, imperfect of _swincan_, to toil, to labor. Labored; toil-worn.

_Swanson._ _Swan_, Swan; _sun_, son. Son of Swan.

_Swanton._ _Swan_, a swan; _tún_, town, a dwelling. A swan-dwelling.

_Swarbrig._ _Swǽr_, heavy; _brig_, a bridge. A heavy bridge.

_Swartley._ _Swart_, black; _líc_, like. Resembling black.

_Sweat._ _Swet_, sweat, blood, gore.

_Sweater._ _Swet_, sweat; _ere_, an agent. One who sweats; a laborer.

_Sweatman._ _Swet_, sweat; _man_, a man. A man that sweats; a toiler.

_Sweet._ _Swét_, sweet, pleasant.

_Sweeten._ _Swéten_, from _swét-an_, to sweeten. Made sweet; sweetened.

_Sweeting._ _Sweet_, Sweet; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Sweet.

_Sweetland._ _Swét_, pleasant; _land_, a land. A pleasant land.

_Sweetman._ _Swét_, pleasant; _man_, a man. An agreeable man.

_Sweetwood._ _Swét_, pleasant; _wud_, a wood. A pleasant wood.

_Swegan._ _Swég-an_, to sound, make a noise, to howl as the wind.

_Sweigard._ _Sweig_, a noise; _ard_, an ensign of office. One whose office is to make a noise, as evidenced by an ensign; a town-crier. Sweigert, Swigert, of like derivation.

_Sweiger._ _Sweig_, a noise; _ere_, an agent. A noisy fellow. Or, from _sweig-an_, to make a noise, and _ere_, an agent.

_Swenck._ _Swenc_, temptation, condemnation.

_Swenson._ _Swein_, a swain, a herdsman, a servant; _sun_, son. Son of a swain; son of a herdsman.

_Swift._ _Swift_, swift, nimble.

_Swigler._ _Swíga_, silence; _lǽr_, learning, knowledge, doctrine. Silence-doctrine.

_Swiler._ _Swil-ian_, to swill, to wash; _ere_, an agent. One who swills; a swiller; a drunkard.

_Swilkey._ _Swilce_, moreover, seeing, indeed, further.

_Swindell._ _Swin_, a song, a lay; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A song-valley.

_Swindells._ _Swindell_, Swindell; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Swindell.

_Swinden._ _Swin_, a song; _den_, a valley. A song-valley.

_Swineford._ _Swín_, swine, a pig; _ford_, a ford. Swine-ford.

_Swinehart._ _Swín_, swine; _heort_, a termination denoting hearty, hearted, brave. Swine-hearted; brave as swine.

_Swing._ _Swing_, a whip, a blow, a stripe.

_Swink._ _Swinc_, labor, inconvenience, fatigue, trouble, affliction, torment, temptation, banishment.

_Swinker._ _Swinc_, labor, torment; _ere_, an agent. A laborer; a tormentor.

_Swinton._ _Swin_, a song; _tún_, a house. A song-house. Swint, perhaps, a contraction.

_Swire._ _Swir_, a column, a pillar.

_Swope._ _Swope_, a whip, a scourge.

_Syckelmoore._ _Sicel_, a sickle; _mór_, a moor, a heath. A sickled heath.

_Syle._ _Sýl_, a sill, a ground-post, a post, a pillar, a column.

_Sypher._ _Sýfer_, pure, decent, sober, abstinent, chaste.

T.

_Tadly._ _Táde_, a toad; _líc_, like. Toad-like.

_Taessel._ _Tǽsel_, teasel, the fuller’s herb.

_Tafel._ _Tæfel_, a dice or gaming table, a game at table or dice.

_Tag._ _Tæg_, a bag, a chest, a coffer, a cupboard. Tage, Tagg, Tague, kindred names.

_Taggart._ _Tæg_, a bag, a chest; _geard_, a measure. Chest-measure.

_Tagle._ _Tǽgel_, a tail.

_Tams._ Irish _tam_, slow, sluggish; Anglo-Saxon _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tamm; a slow son.

_Tapking._ _Tæpp_, a tap; _cyncg_, a king. A tap-king; a drinking king.

_Tappan._ _Tæppan_, to tap, to draw out, to drink.

_Tappen._ _Tæppen_, indicative of a participle from _tæppan_, to tap, to draw out, to drink. Tapped; drawn out; drank.

_Tapper._ _Tæpp-ere_, a tapper, butler, vinter.

_Tapping._ _Tæpp_, a tap; _ing_, expressive of action. Tapping; drawing out.

_Tarbert._ _Tare_, tar; _beorht_, glistening. Tar-glistening.

_Targett._ _Targe_, a shield, a buckler; _ett_, little, small. A little shield.

_Tar._ _Tare_, tar, balsam, pitch.

_Tarring._ _Tarr_, Tarr; _ing_, expressive of origin. Descendant of Tarr.

_Tarton._ _Tare_, tar, pitch; _tún_, a farm. A tar-farm.

_Taswell._ _Tas_, a tass; _well_, a well. A mow of corn.

_Tate._ _Tát_, soft, tender.

_Tatham._ _Tát_, soft, tender; _hám_, a home. A tender home. Tatem, perhaps, an abbreviated form of the word.

_Tatlow._ _Tát_, soft, tender, and _low_, a low, a bellow, from _hlowan_, to low, to bellow. A tender low; a soft bellow.

_Tatman._ _Tát_, soft, tender; _man_, a man. A tender man.

_Taw._ _Táw_, tow.

_Taws._ _Taw_, Taw; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Taw.

_Teal._ _Teale_, an excuse.

_Teamer._ _Teáma_, a voucher, a witness, a leader.

_Tees._ _Tǽse_, right, kind, benevolent, gentle. Teese, of like import.

_Teesdale._ _Tǽse_, gentle; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A gentle dale.

_Telford._ _Tele_, imperfect of _tellan_, to esteem. An esteemed ford.

_Telle._ _Tele_, reputed, esteemed. Tell, of like significance.

_Teller._ _Tellan_, to tell, to relate; _ere_, an agent. A teller; a relater.

_Temple._ _Tempel_, Latin _templum_, a temple.

_Templeman._ _Tempel_, a temple; _man_, a man. A temple-man; a priest.

_Templeton._ _Tempel_, a temple; _tún_, a house, a town. A temple-house; a church; a town of temples. When the Angles and Saxons settled in Britain, they had idols, altars, temples, and priests. These temples were surrounded with enclosures, and were profaned if lances were thrown into them. It is probable, therefore, that they obtained their word for temple directly from the Latins, and not from the Norman-French after the Conquest by William.

_Thacher._ _Thecere_, from _thæc_, a thach, a thatch, a roof, and _ere_, an agent. A thatcher; a roofer. Thatcher, from the same derivation.

_Thatford._ _Theód_, people’s; _ford_, a ford. People’s ford.

_Thaw._ _Theáw_, custom, manner, habit, behavior.

_Thegen._ _Thegen_, a servant, attendant, disciple, scholar, soldier, officer, knight, nobleman.

_Thein._ _Theign_, a servant, attendant, disciple, officer, nobleman.

_Thissell._ _Thistel_, a thistle. Thistle, a kindred term.

_Thole._ _Thól_, the thole, a piece of wood to support the oars.

_Tholey._ _Thól_, the thole; _líc_, like. Thole-like.

_Thorman._ _Thor_, Thor; _man_, a servant. A servant of Thor. Thor was one of the principal idols of the Saxons, Germans, etc. He was their Jupiter.

_Thorn._ _Thorn_, a thorn. Thorne, an equivalent name.

_Thornberg._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _beorg_, a hill. A thorn-hill; a thorny hill. Thornburg, from the same roots.

_Thornberry._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _berige_, a berry. A thorny berry; a prickly berry.

_Thornhill._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _hyll_, a hill. A thorny hill.

_Thornley._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _líc_, like. Thorn-like.

_Thornton._ _Thorn_, a thorn; _tún_, a farm. A thorny farm.

_Thorp._ _Thorpe_, a thorp, village. Thorpe, a kindred name.

_Thrall._ _Thræl_, a slave, a bondman.

_Thrasher._ _Thærsc-ere_, from _thærsc-an_, to thrash, and _ere_, an agent. A thrasher.

_Threlfall._ _Threal_, a servant; _fæl_, pure, clean, good, true. A good servant.

_Thress._ _Thræs_, or _thres_, a hem, a frill.

_Thur._ _Thur_, Thor.

_Thurber._ _Thur_, Thor; _beorh_, a mountain. Thor’s mountain.

_Thuring._ _Thur_, Thor; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Thor.

_Thurman._ _Thur_, Thor; _man_, a servant. Thor’s servant.

_Thurston._ _Thures_, genitive of _Thur_, Thor; _tún_, house. Thor’s house.

_Thurwanger._ _Thur_, Thor; _wangere_, a pillow. Thor’s pillow.

_Tiegman._ _Tige_, a tie, a band; _man_, a man. One who uses a band; a surgeon.

_Tiel._ _Tigle_, a tile.

_Tier._ _Tier_, a tier, rank, series, heap.

_Tiers._ _Tier_, Tier; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tier.

_Tilburn._ _Til_, station; _burne_, a bourn, stream, brook. A station near a stream.

_Tilden._ _Til_, a station; _den_, a valley. A valley-station.

_Till._ _Till_, a station.

_Tillman._ _Till_, a station; _man_, a man. A station-master. Tilman, a cognate name.

_Tillyer._ _Till-an_, to till, to cultivate; _ere_, an agent. A tiller; a cultivator.

_Tilton._ _Til_, station; _tún_, town. A station-town.

_Tindall._ _Tin_, tin; _dál_, a valley. A tin-valley. Tindel, from the same root.

_Tine._ _Tine_, a tine, tooth of a harrow.

_Tines._ _Tine_, Tine; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tine.

_Tinney._ _Tin-ig_, resembling tin.

_Tinsley._ _Tines_, genitive of _tin_, tin; _líc_, form, like. Tin-like; form of tin. Tinley, of similar derivation.

_Tinsman._ _Tines_, genitive of _tin_, tin; _man_, man. A dealer in tin; a seller of tin.

_Toft._ _Toft_, a croft, a homestead.

_Tool._ _Tól_, a tool, an instrument. Toole, from the same root.

_Toon._ _Tún_, pronounced _toon_, a field, dwelling, house, mansion, yard, farm, village, class, course, town. Toone, of like derivation.

_Tooney._ _Tún-ig_, from _tún_, a town, and _ig_, an adjective termination implying resemblance. Townish.

_Toorish._ _Torr_, a tower; _isc_, an adjective termination signifying resembling. Tower-like.

_Toothaker._ _Tódh-ece_, the toothache; _ere_, an agent. One who has the toothache.

_Topham._ _Top_, a ball, a tuft at the top of anything; _hám_, a home. A hilly home.

_Topley._ _Top_, a ball; _líc_, like. Resembling a ball.

_Toplis._ _Top_, a ball; _liss_, favor. Ball-favor.

_Topping._ _Top_, a ball; _ing_, implying action. Balling.

_Torbeort._ _Tor_, a tower, a high hill, rock, peak, tor; _beorht_, glistening, shining. A glistening peak.

_Torr._ _Tor_, a tower, rock, peak, tor.

_Torrey._ _Tor-ig_, from _tor_, a tower, a hill, a rock; _ig_, an adjective termination. Towering; hilly; rocky.

_Tower._ _Tor_, a tower, a high hill.

_Towers._ _Tower_, Tower; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Tower.

_Town._ _Tún_, a field, a dwelling, house, mansion, farm, village, town, city. Towne, from the same radix.

_Towner._ _Tún_, a town; _ere_, an agent. A dweller in a town; a townsman.

_Townley._ _Tún_, a town; _líc_, like. Resembling a town.

_Towns._ _Town_, Town; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Town.

_Townsend._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town; _end_, termination of masculine nouns denoting a man. A townsman.

_Townson._ _Town_, Town; _sun_, son. Son of Town.

_Trager._ _Trag_, evil, bad; _ere_, an agent. An evil person; a sinner.

_Treadway._ _Træd_, trod; _wæg_, a way. A trodden way. Or, from _tred_, a step, and _wæg_, a way. A step-way; a stairs. Tredway, of like derivation.

_Treadwell._ _Tred_, a step; _well_, a well. A step-well.

_Tree._ _Treow_, or _treo_, a tree, a club.

_Tregea._ _Tréga_, vexation, tribulation, contumely, loss, misery, torment. Trego, perhaps, from the same root.

_Tresch._ _Treisc_, tragical. Tresck, from the same root.

_Trescher._ _Treisc_, tragical; _ere_, an agent. A tragedian. Tresher, an equivalent name.

_Treude._ _Treúdh_, troth, truth, league, pledge, covenant.

_Trewin._ _Tré_, vexation, tribulation; _win_, a man. A man of tribulation.

_Trexler._ _Treisc_, tragical; _lár_, knowledge, learning. Tragedy.

_Treischbock._ _Treisc_, tragical; _bóc_, a book. A book of tragedy.

_Trimmingham._ _Trymming_, confirming, fortifying, establishing; _hám_, a house. A house of confirmation.

_Troth._ _Treówdh_, troth, truth.

_Trout._ _Truht_, a trout. Troutt, an equivalent name.

_Troutman._ _Truht_, a trout; _man_, a man. A trout-fisher.

_Trow._ _Treów_, trust, faith, pledge, covenant.

_Trowbridge._ _Treówe_, faithful; _bricg_, a bridge. A faithful bridge.

_Trowell._ _Treów_, trust, faith; _el_, indicative of a person. A trusty person; a faithful person.

_True._ _Trýwe_, true, faithful.

_Trueman._ _Trýwe_, true; _man_, a man, a servant. A true man; a faithful servant. Truman, of similar import.

_Tudor._ _Tudor_, issue, offspring, seed, progeny, posterity, family. Tuder, a kindred name.

_Tuman._ _Tú_, two; _man_, a man. Twin-man; twin-brother.

_Tumbleston._ _Tumb-ian_, to tumble; _stán_, a rock. A rock that tumbles; a tumbling rock.

_Tunis._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town. Belonging to a town.

_Tunison._ _Túnes_, genitive of _tún_, a town; _sun_, son. Son of a town; a townsman.

_Tunney._ _Tún_, a town; _ig_, an adjective termination. Townish. Tunny, of similar derivation.

_Tuohy._ _Tuoege_, two.

_Turkington._ _Turk_, from Irish _torc_, a boar; _ing_, implying a descendant; _tún_, house. Home of a descendant of Turk. Torkington, of similar significance.

_Turland._ _Tur_, a tower, a high hill, a peak; _land_, a land. A hilly land.

_Turley._ _Tur_, a tower; _líc_, like. Resembling a tower; tower-like; towering.

_Turnbolt._ _Turnian_, to turn; _bolt_, a bolt. A turned bolt.

_Turnbull._ _Turnian_, to turn; _bull_, a stud, a brooch. A turned brooch.

_Turner._ _Turnian_, to turn; _ere_, an agent. A turner.

_Turnpenny._ _Turnian_, to turn; _penig_, a penny. A turned penny.

_Turpin._ _Tur_, a rock; _pinn_, a pen. A rock pen; a steel pen.

_Turtle._ _Turtel_, or _turtle_, a turtle, a turtle-dove.

_Tussey._ _Tusc_, the canine, or eye-tooth, a tusk; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Tusky.

_Tustin._ _Tusc_, a tusk; _tine_, a tine. Tine of a tusk.

_Tuston._ _Tusc_, a tusk; _tún_, a house, a dwelling. A tusk-house.

_Twaddell._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A twin-valley.

_Tway._ _Twá_, twice, double.

_Tweed._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold.

_Tweedale._ _Tweo_, double; _dǽl_, a dale, a valley. A twin-valley.

_Tweedie._ _Twæde_, double, two-fold.

_Tweedle._ _Twæde_, double; _le_, for _el_, indicative of a person. A twin.

_Twitman._ _Ætwitan_, to tease, to reproach, to blame, to upbraid; _man_, a man. A person who upbraids another.

_Twibill._ _Twý-bill_, a twibill, a pole-axe.

_Twiford._ _Twý-ford_, a double ford. Applied to the name of places near a river where two branches had to be forded.

_Twigg._ _Twig_, two, double.

_Twigs._ _Twig_, Twig; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Twig.

_Twiney._ _Twín_, thread, twine, fine linen; _ig_, expressive of an adjective. Resembling twine.

_Twining._ _Twín-an_, to twine, to twist; _ing_, implying action. Twining; twisting.

_Twitchell._ _Twiccian_, to twitch; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A person that twitches; a nervous, restless person.

_Tyber._ _Tiber_, a sacrifice, gift, offering, victim.

_Tye._ _Ty_, instructs, teaches, imbues, inures.

_Tyer._ _Ty_, instructs, teaches; _ere_, an agent. An instructor; a teacher.

_Tylacher._ _Ty_, instructs; _lach_, a garment; _ere_, an agent. A sewing-teacher; a tailor. Tylacker, a kindred name.

_Tymon._ _Ty_, instructs; _mon_, a man. A man that instructs; a pedagogue.

_Tynan._ _Tynan_, to hedge in, to enclose, to shut.

_Tyne._ _Tyne_, ten.

_Tyner._ _Tyne_, ten; _ere_, an agent. A person of ten years of experience.

_Tyre._ _Tyr_, a leader, prince, glory, splendor.

_Tyrell._ _Tyr_, a prince; _el_, an ending denoting a person. A princely person.

_Tyson._ _Tye_, Tye; _sun_, son. Son of Tye.

U.

_Ulm._ _Ulm_, an elm.

_Ulman._ _Ulm_, an elm; _man_, a man. An elm-man; a propagator of the elm.

_Ulmer._ _Ulm_, an elm; _ere_, an agent. A cultivator of the elm.

_Ulric._ _Ulph-ríc_, from _ulph_, help, aid, assistance, and _ríc_, rich, powerful. Rich, or powerful in help. Ulrick, a cognate term.

_Umstead._ _Hulme_, for _holm_, the deep sea, abyss, ocean, water, and _stede_, a place. Ocean-place. Umsted, an analogous name.

_Underdown._ _Under_, under; _dún_, a mountain, a hill. An under hill.

_Underhill._ _Under_, under; _hyll_, a hill. An under hill.

_Underwood._ _Under_, under; _wud_, wood. Under-wood; undergrowth.

_Unger._ _Ungr_, hunger.

_Ungerer._ _Ungr_, hunger; _ere_, an agent. A hungry person.

_Upham._ _Upp_, high, lofty; _hám_, a house. A lofty home.

_Upmann._ _Upp_, high; _mann_, a man. A man high in position; a man of rank; a superior.

_Upp._ _Upp_, high, lofty.

_Upright._ _Up-riht_, upright, erect.

_Upson._ _Up_, Upp; _sun_, son. Son of Upp.

_Upton._ _Upp_, high, lofty; _tún_, a town. A lofty town.

_Ustick._ _Ust_, a tempest; _ig_, an adjective termination. Tempestuous; stormy.

_Uth._ _Udh_, pronounced _uth_, termination of the feminine noun _geogudh_, youth.

_Uting._ _Ut_, Utt; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Utt.

_Utt._ _Ut_, out, without, abroad.

_Uttley._ _Utt_, Utt; _líc_, like. Resembling Utt.

W.

_Wade._ _Wád_, a ford.

_Wadsworth._ _Wádes_, genitive of _wád_, a ford; _weordh_, value, price. Valuable ford.

_Waer._ _Wǽr_, an enclosure, a fishpond, a wear, a wave.

_Waesch._ _Wæsc_, a washing.

_Wagel._ _Wægel_, a gill, a little vessel.

_Wagener._ _Wǽgen-ere_, a wagoner, driver of a car. Waggener, Wagner, Wagoner, kindred terms.

_Wager._ _Wǽg_, a wey, weigh, weight; _ere_, an agent. A weigher.

_Wagstaff._ _Wǽg_, a balance; _stæf_, a staff, stick, pole. A balance-pole.

_Wainwright._ _Wǽn-wyrhta_, a wheelwright.

_Wake._ _Wæcce_, wake, watch, vigil. A watching.

_Wakefield._ _Wæcan_, to awake, arise, to be born; past participle _wacen_, awakened; _feld_, a field. An awakened field.

_Wakeley._ _Wǽc-líc_, from _wǽc_, weak, and _líc_, like. Weak-like; weakly. Wakelee, of similar derivation.

_Wakeling._ _Wǽc_, weak; _ling_, implying the condition of a person. A weakling; a feeble creature.

_Walborn._ _Wæl_, or _wal_, slaughter, carnage, death; _born_, born. Dead-born; stillborn.

_Walce._ _Walc_, a veil.

_Walch._ _Walch_, a foreigner, a stranger, a servant, a slave.

_Walcher._ _Walch_, a foreigner, a stranger; _ere_, an agent. A foreigner.

_Wald._ _Wald_, a forest, wood, grove, weald, wild, wold. Walde, of like import.

_Waldeck._ _Wald_, a wood; _ig_, implying an adjective. Woody.

_Walden._ _Wald_, wood; _en_, an adjective termination. Woody.

_Walder._ _Wald_, a forest; _ere_, an agent. A forester.

_Walderford._ _Walda_, a ruler; _ford_, a ford. The ruler’s ford.

_Walderly._ _Walda-líc_, from _walda_, a ruler, and _líc_, like. Resembling a ruler.

_Waldie._ _Wald_, a wood; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Woody.

_Waldis._ _Wald_, a wood; _isc_, like. Wood-like.

_Waldman._ _Wald_, a wood; _man_, a man. A woodman. Waldmann, a kindred name.

_Waldner._ _Wald_, a wood, a forest; _nere_, a refuge. Wood-refuge.

_Waldron._ _Wald_, a wood; _rond_, a border. A wood-border.

_Walds._ _Wald_, Wald; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wald.

_Waley._ _Wæl_, a well; _ig_, implying an adjective. Well-like.

_Walfish._ _Wæl_, a well; _fisc_, a fish. A well-fish.

_Walford._ _Wáll_, a rampart; _ford_, a ford. A rampart-ford; a moat.

_Walk._ _Weolc_, imperfect of _wealcan_, to roll, turn, tumble, revolve, turn up and down. Rolled; tumbled; revolved; turned up and down.

_Walker._ _Weolc_, rolled, revolved, turned up and down; _ere_, an agent. One who turned up and down; a walker.

_Walkley._ _Walk_, Walk; _líc_, like. Resembling Walk.

_Wall._ _Weall_, or _wáll_, a wall, a rampart.

_Wallace._ _Wáll_, a rampart, a bulwark; _lǽce_, a surgeon. The surgeon of a rampart. Wallack, Wallick, of like derivation.

_Wallen._ _Wáll_, a wall; _en_, a termination denoting an adjective. Wall-like.

_Waller._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ere_, an agent. A waller; a mason.

_Wallers._ _Waller_, Waller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Waller.

_Walley._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Wall-like.

_Wallgren._ _Wáll_, a wall; _gréne_, green. Wall-green.

_Wallin._ _Wáll_, a wall; _in_, an inn, a dwelling. A walled dwelling.

_Walling._ _Wáll_, a wall; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Wall.

_Wallington._ _Walling_, Walling; _tún_, house. Home of Walling.

_Wallis._ _Weallisc_, foreign, Welsh.

_Walliser._ _Weallisc_, Welsh; _ere_, an agent. A Welshman.

_Walls._ _Wall_, Wall; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wall.

_Wallum._ _Wáll_, a wall; _um_ for _hám_, a house, a dwelling. A walled house.

_Walmsley._ _Wælmes_, genitive of _wælm_, heat, anger; _líc_, form, likeness. Form of anger; resembling heat.

_Wain._ _Wǽn_, a wain, wagon, carriage.

_Walnut._ _Wáll_, a wall; _hnut_, a nut. A walled nut.

_Walraun._ _Wáll_, a wall; _hræfen_, a raven. A wall-raven.

_Walsh._ _Weallisc_, Welsh. Welch, Welsh, Welsch, from the same radix.

_Walstead._ _Wáll_, a wall; _stede_, a place. A walled, or fortified place.

_Walstrum._ _Wáll_, a wall, a rampart; _streom_, a stream. A walled stream; an aqueduct.

_Walt._ _Wald_, a wood, a forest.

_Walter._ _Wald_, a forest; _ere_, an agent. A forester. Walther, doubtless, a kindred name.

_Walters._ _Walter_, Walter; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Walter.

_Waltman._ _Wald_, a wood; _man_, a man. A woodman; a hunter.

_Waltoe._ _Wál_, a wall; _tǽ_, a toe. A wall-toe; the toe used in scaling a rampart.

_Waltun._ _Wál_, a wall; _tún_, a dwelling. A walled dwelling.

_Waltram._ _Wald_, a wood; _ram_, a ram. A wooden ram; a battering-ram.

_Walwork._ _Wáll-geweorc_, from _wáll_, a wall, and _geweorc_, work. Wall-work.

_Wamalong._ _Woma_, a sound; _long_, long. A continued sound.

_Wambold._ _Wam_, crime; _bóld_, audacious. An audacious crime.

_Wampole._ _Wam_, a stain; _pol_, a pole. A stained pole; a bludgeon.

_Wanamaker._ _Wana_, deficient, lacking, imperfect; _macian_, to make; _ere_, an agent. An unskilled mechanic.

_Wandall._ _Wan_, deficient, wanting, void; _dál_, a valley. An empty valley. Wandell, of like significance.

_Wanner._ _Wann_, pale, livid, dusky, dark; _ere_, an agent. A wan person.

_Warbrick._ _Wár_, caution; _bric_, a bridge. A caution-bridge.

_Warburton._ _Wǽr-borh_, a pledge for the payment of the were or fine for slaying a man; _tún_, a town. A town’s pledge for the payment of the were or fine for slaying a man.

_Ward._ _Weard_, a warden, ward-keeper, guardian, watchman.

_Warder._ _Weard_, watch, vigilance; _ere_, denoting an agent. A watchman.

_Wardin._ _Weardin_, a watch-tower.

_Wardle._ _Weard_, a guard, guardianship, watch; _le_ for _el_, implying a person. A watchman.

_Wardrop._ _Weard_, a warden; _rop_, broth, pottage. A warden’s pottage.

_Ware._ _Ware_, a harbor, a haven. Or, from _wǽr_, an enclosure.

_Wareham._ _Wǽr-hám_, from _wǽr_, an enclosure, and _hám_, a house, a dwelling. A fortified dwelling. Waream, an abbreviated form of the same.

_Warfield._ _Wær_, war; _feld_, a field, a plain. A battlefield.

_Warford._ _Wǽr_, an enclosed place; _ford_, a ford. An enclosed ford.

_Waring._ _Ware_, Ware; _ing_, an offspring. Son of Ware. Or, from _wǽring_, a wall.

_Wark._ _Wærc_, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain, grief, anguish.

_Warley._ _Wær_, war; _líc_, like. Warlike.

_Warman._ _Wær_, war; _man_, a man. A warrior.

_Warmuth._ _Wær_, war; _múdh_, mouth. War-mouth; declaration of war.

_Warne._ _Wearn_, a keeping off, obstacle, resistance, refusal, denial.

_Warner._ _Warnian_, to warn; _ere_, an agent. One who gives warning.

_Warnig._ _Wearn_, obstacle, resistance; _ig_, denoting an adjective. Opposing; resistful. Warnick, Warnecke, Warnock, kindred terms.

_Warr._ _Wearr_, a knot, a wart.

_Warrick._ _Wearr-ig_, or _wearr-iht_, knotty, rough.

_Warris._ _Wearr_, a knot, a wart; _isc_, implying like. Knot-like; hard; rough.

_Warth._ _Warodh_, a shore, a weed on the shore.

_Warthman._ _Warodh_, a shore; _man_, a man. A shore-man; a land-man.

_Wartman._ _Weart_, a wart; _man_, a man. A warty man.

_Warwick._ _Wǽring-wic_, from _wǽring_, a bulwark, and _wic_, a dwelling. A fortified dwelling.

_Wasch._ _Wæsc_, a washing.

_Wasrott._ _Wæs_, water; _rot_, a mastiff. A water-mastiff.

_Washam._ _Wæsc_, a washing; _hám_, a house. A wash-house; a laundry.

_Washburne._ _Wæsc_, a washing; _burne_, a stream, brook, river, well. A washing stream. Washburn, from the same root.

_Washington._ _Wæsc-ing_, a washing; _tún_, a house. A washing house.

_Waste._ _Wæsten_, or _wéste_, a desert.

_Water._ _Wæter_, water.

_Waterall._ _Wæter_, water; _all_, all. All-water; a deluge.

_Waterbury._ _Wæter_, water; _byrig_, a city. A watery city; a watering-place.

_Waterfield._ _Wæter_, water; _feld_, a plain. A watery field; a meadow.

_Waterford._ _Wæter_, water; _ford_, a ford. A watery ford; a ford that is not dry.

_Waterhouse._ _Wæter_, water; _hús_, a house. A spring-house.

_Waterman._ _Wæter_, water; _man_, a man. A water-man; a boatman.

_Waters._ _Water_, Water; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Water. Watters, a cognate term.

_Waterson._ _Water_, Water; _sun_, son. Son of Water. Watterson, of like derivation.

_Watford._ _Wæt_, wet, moist; _ford_, a ford. A wet ford; a water-ford.

_Watkin._ _Wæt_, water, liquor, drink; _cyn_, akin. Akin to water.

_Watkins._ _Watkin_, Watkin; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Watkin.

_Watkinson._ _Watkin_, Watkin; _sun_, son. Son of Watkin.

_Watt._ _Wæt_, wet, moisture, drink, liquor, water.

_Wattis._ _Wæt_, water; _isc_, like. Water-like.

_Watton._ _Watt_, Watt; _tún_, house. House of Watt.

_Watts._ _Watt_, Watt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Watt.

_Wattson._ _Watt_, Watt; _sun_, son. Son of Watt. Watson, a slightly abbreviated form of the name.

_Wax._ _Weax_, or _wæx_, wax.

_Waxler._ _Weax_, wax; _lǽr_, doctrine. Wax-knowledge.

_Way._ _Wæg_, or _weg_, a way, passage, road.

_Wayland._ _Wæg_, a road; _land_, land, ground. Road-land; a highway.

_Waylen._ _Wæg_, a road; _lén_, a loan. Loan, or leased road.

_Wayman._ _Wæg_, road; _man_, a man. A road-man; a wayfarer; a traveler.

_Wayne._ _Wǽn_, a wain, wagon, carriage.

_Waysz._ _Ways_, from _Way_, Way, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Way.

_Weaber._ _Wæbb_, a web; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, makes a web; a weaver.

_Weadley._ _Wǽd_, a garment, apparel, weeds; _líc_, form. Form of weeds; garment-like.

_Weagle._ _Wægel_, a gill, a little vessel.

_Weak._ _Wǽc_, weak.

_Weakley._ _Wǽc-líc_, from _wǽc_, weak, and _líc_, like. Weakly; foolishly; vilely.

_Weaks._ _Weak_, Weak; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Weak.

_Weand._ _Wænd_, or _wend_, a turn, a change.

_Wear._ _Wear_, a knot, a wart. Weare, of similar derivation.

_Wears._ _Wear_, Wear; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wear.

_Weart._ _Weart_, a wart.

_Weaser_. _Wæs_, water; _ere_, an agent. A waterer.

_Weatherby._ _Wæder_, or _weder_, weather, storm, tempest; _bý_, a habitation, a dwelling. A signal dwelling; a weather-house.

_Weatherhead._ _Wæder_, storm; _heáfd_, a head. Storm-head.

_Weatherley._ _Wæder_, weather, storm; _líc_, like. Weather-like; storm-like. Wetherly, of like meaning.

_Weaver._ _Wæfre_, or _wyfre_, a weaver.

_Webb._ _Webb_, a web, cloth, tapestry.

_Webber._ _Webb-ere_, from _webb_, a web, and _ere_ an agent. A weaver.

_Weber._ _Web_, a web, cloth, tapestry; _ere_, an agent. A weaver. Weeber, of similar import.

_Webster._ _Web_, a web, cloth; _ster_ from _steóre_, direction, a noun-ending denoting direction, guidance. Web-direction.

_Wecker._ _Wæccer_, watchful, lively.

_Weckerly._ _Wæccer-líc_, from _wæccer_, watchful, and _líc_, like. Watchful-like; watchfully. Weckerley, a kindred term.

_Weddell._ _Wed_, a pledge, a promise; _dál_, a dale. A promised dale. Wedell, from the same roots.

_Weder._ _Weder_, weather, the air, firmament, storm, tempest. Or, from _weder_, a wether.

_Wedge._ _Wecg_, a wedge.

_Wedig._ _Weód_, a weed; _ig_, an adjective termination. Weedy.

_Wedinger._ _Weódung_, a weeding; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, weeds; a weeder.

_Wedlock._ _Wed-lác_, from _wed_, a pledge, and _lác_, a gift. A pledge-gift.

_Wedman._ _Wed_, a pledge; _man_, a man. A pledge-man; a married man. Wedmann, of like meaning.

_Weed._ _Weód_, herb, grass, pasture, a weed.

_Weeden._ _Weód-ian_, to weed; _weód-en_, perfect participle. Weeded; rid of weeds.

_Weeder._ _Weód-ere._ A weeder.

_Weedstram._ _Weód_, a weed; _streám_, a stream, a river. A weedy stream.

_Weekes._ _Weoces_, genitive of _weoc_, a week. Weeks, a kindred term.

_Weckley._ _Weoc_, a week; _líc_, like. Week-like; weekly. Weekly, of similar derivation.

_Weer._ _Wér_, a fine for slaying a man, the price or value of a man’s life. Every man was valued at a certain sum, which was called his _wér_, and whoever took his life was required to pay this _wér_ to the family or relatives of the deceased. Perhaps the name is derived from _wér_, an enclosure.

_Weest._ _Weast_, _wæst_, or _west_, west.

_Weger._ _Weg_, a wey, a weight; _ere_, an agent. A weigher.

_Wegman._ _Weg_, a wey, a weight; _man_, a man. A weigher.

_Weightman._ _Wiht_, weight; _man_, a man. A weigher.

_Welbank._ _Well_, a well, a fountain; _banc_, a bench, bank, hillock. A well-bank. Wellbank, a kindred name.

_Welchman._ _Weallisc_, Welsh; _man_, a man. A Welshman.

_Welcher._ _Wealcere_, a fuller, a walker. Welker, of similar derivation.

_Welcom._ _Wél-cuma_, a pleasure-comer, one received with gladness, a beloved guest.

_Welle._ _Well_, a well, a fountain.

_Weller._ _Wellere_, a hollow, a bosom.

_Wellers._ _Weller_, Weller; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Weller.

_Welles._ _Welle_, Welle; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Welle. Wells, Welz, from the same roots.

_Welling._ _Well_, Welle; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Welle.

_Wellington._ _Welling_, Welling; _tún_, house. Home of Welling.

_Wellwood._ _Well_, rich, flourishing; _wud_, wood. A flourishing wood.

_Welman._ _Wel_, rich, wealthy; _man_, a man. A wealthy man.

_Welmesley._ _Welmes_, genitive of _welm_, heat, fire; _líc_, form. Form of heat; fire-like.

_Welstead._ _Wel_, a well; _stæde_, a place, a station. A well-place.

_Welton._ _Wel_, rich, flourishing; _tún_, a city. A flourishing city.

_Wemmer._ _Wemere_, a harlot.

_Wenban._ _Wen_, a wen, a tower; _bán_, a bone. A wen-bone.

_Wence._ _Wencle_, a maid, a daughter. Wence, Wenk, of similar derivation.

_Wendel._ _Wend_, a turn, change; _el_, implying a person. One who turns, or changes; a fickle person. Wendell, Wendle, from the same roots.

_Wendling._ _Wend_, a turn, a change; _ling_, a termination denoting the state of a person. Turning; changing.

_Wenner._ _Wenn_, a wen; _ere_, an agent. A wen-doctor.

_Wenger._ _Wengere_, a pillow, a bolster.

_Wenhold._ _Wen_, pleasure; _hold_, friendship. A pleasure-friendship.

_Wenrich._ _Wen_, joy, pleasure; _ríce_, power, dominion. Pleasure-dominion.

_Wensel._ _Wen_, pleasure; _sel_, palace, hall. Pleasure-hall.

_Wensler._ _Wenes_, genitive of _wen_, pleasure; _lár_, doctrine. Pleasure-knowledge.

_Wensley._ _Wenes_, genitive of _wen_, pleasure; _líc_, form. Form of pleasure; joy-like.

_Wentling._ _Wente_, the Gwents, or Welsh; _ling_, a termination denoting the state or condition of a person. Welsh-state.

_Wentworth._ _Wente_, the Gwents, or Welsh; _weordh_, dignity. Welsh dignity.

_Werfel._ _Wer_, a man; _fel_, skin. Man’s skin.

_Wermouth._ _Wer_, a man; _múdh_, the mouth. Mouth of man.

_Werner._ _Wernan_, to warn; _ere_, an agent. One who warns; a warner.

_Wernley._ _Wern_, a squirrel; _líc_, like. Squirrel-like.

_Werson._ _Wer_, a man; _sun_, son. Son of man.

_Werst._ _Werst_, worst.

_Wert._ _Wert_, wort, an herb, plant.

_Wertman._ _Wert_, an herb; _man_, a man. An herb-man.

_Wertz._ _Werts_, from _Wert_, Wert, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wert.

_Wesley._ _Wes_, the west; _líc_, like. Resembling the west; westernly.

_Weslyn._ _Wesline_, a rough coat.

_Wesson._ _Wes_, the west; _sun_, son. A western son.

_West._ _West_, the west. Weste, of like meaning.

_Westscott._ _West_, the west; _scot_, payment. The western payment.

_Westall._ _West_, the west; _all_, all, whole. Wholly west.

_Westbrook._ _West_, the west; _bróc_, a brook. A western brook.

_Westcott._ _West_, the west; _cóte_, a cottage. A western cottage. Westcote, of like derivation.

_Wester._ _West_, the west; _ere_, an agent. A western man. Or, from _wéste_, a desert, and _ere_, an agent. A man of the desert.

_Westerman._ _Western_, a desert place; _man_, a man. A desert-man.

_Westholt._ _West_, the west; _holt_, a forest. A western forest.

_Westing._ _West_, west; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of West.

_Westly._ _West_, west; _líc_, like. West-like; westernly.

_Westney._ _Westan-ig_, from _westan_, west, and _ig_, an island. Western island.

_Weston._ _West_, the west; _tún_, a town. A western town.

_Westwood._ _Westan-wudu_, from _westan_, western, and _wudu_, wood. Western wood.

_Weter._ _Weter_, water.

_Wetherald._ _Wedher_, a wether, a ram; _ald_, old. An old wether; an old ram.

_Wetherbee._ _Wedher_, weather; _beo_, a bee. A weather-bee. Weatherbee, a kindred name.

_Wetherell._ _Wedher_, weather; _ell_, all. All weather; weather for all. Wetherill, doubtless, from the same roots.

_Wetherhold._ _Wedher_, weather; _hold_, pleasant. Agreeable weather.

_Wetmer._ _Wet_, wet; _mere_, a sea. A wet sea.

_Wetmore._ _Wet-mór_, from _wet_, wet, and _mór_, a moor. A wet moor.

_Wetstone._ _Wet_, wet; _stæn_ a stone. A wet stone.

_Wetton._ _Wet_, wet; _tún_, a town. A wet town.

_Wheat._ _Hwǽte_, wheat.

_Wheatcroft._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _croft_, a small field. A wheat field.

_Wheatland._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _land_, land. Wheat land.

_Wheatley._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _líc_, like. Resembling wheat.

_Wheaton._ _Hwǽte_, wheat; _tún_, farm. A wheat farm.

_Wheeler._ _Hweohl_, or _hweol_, a wheel, circle, the world; _ere_, an agent. A wheeler. Or, from _hweolere_, a diviner.

_Wheelock._ _Hweohl_, a wheel; _loc_, a lock. A wheel-lock.

_Whelan._ _Hwélan_, to become foul, to putrefy.

_Whelen._ _Hwélen_, a participle derived from _hwélan_, to become foul. Made foul.

_Whetham._ _Hwet_, wet; _hám_, house. Wet house; water-house. Whithem, Whittem, other forms of spelling.

_Whetstone._ _Hwet-stán_, from _hwet_, sharpening, and _stán_, stone. Whetstone.

_Whipp._ _Hweop_, a whip.

_Whipper._ _Hweop_, a whip; _ere_, an agent. One who whips; a whipper.

_Whippey._ _Hweop_, a whip; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whip-like.

_Whipple._ _Hweop_, a whip; _el_, a termination expressive of an inanimate object. A whip-like bar.

_Whistler._ _Hwistlere_, a whistler, a piper. Whisler, an abbreviated form of the name.

_Whitaker._ _Hwít_, white; _æcer_, a field. A white field. Whitecar, Whittaker, of like import.

_Whitall._ _Hwítel_, a white mantle; a priest’s cope. Whital, Whittle, cognate terms.

_Whitby._ _Hwít_, white; _bý_, a habitation. A white habitation.

_Whitcomb._ _Hwít_, white; _comb_, a valley. A white valley.

_White._ _Hwíte_, white. Whyte, from the same root.

_Whitechurch._ _Hwíte-cirice_, from _hwít_, white, and _cirice_, a church. A white church.

_Whitecraft._ _Hwíte_, white; _cræft_, trade, occupation. A white trade.

_Whitefield._ _Hwíte_, white; _feld_, a field. A white field. Whitfield, of similar meaning.

_Whiteford._ _Hwíte_, white; _ford_, a ford. A white ford.

_Whitehead._ _Hwíte_, white; _heáfod_, a head. A white head.

_Whitehill._ _Hwíte_, white; _hyll_, a hill. A white hill.

_Whitehouse._ _Hwíte_, white; _hús_, a house. A white house.

_Whiteley._ _Hwíte_, white; _líc_, like. Resembling white. Whitely, Whitley, of like derivation.

_Whiteline._ _Hwíte_, white; _lín_, flax. White flax. Or, from _hwíte_, white, and Latin _linea_, a line: hence, a white line.

_Whiteling._ _Hwíte_, white; _ling_, a termination denoting state of a person. Whiteness. Whitling, a kindred term.

_Whitelock._ _Hwíte_, white; _locc_, a lock, hair. White hair. Whitlock, from the same roots.

_Whiteman._ _Hwíte_, white; _man_, a man. A white man. Whitman, kindred name.

_Whitenack._ _Hwíte_, white; _naca_, a skiff. A white skiff.

_Whitesell._ _Hwíte_, white; _sel_, a hall. A white hall. Whitzell, of similar import.

_Whiteside._ _Hwíte_, white; _síde_, a side. A white side.

_Whitesides._ _Whiteside_, Whiteside; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Whiteside.

_Whiting._ _White_, White; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of White.

_Whitmore._ _Hwít_, white; _mór_, a moor. A white moor.

_Whitnall._ _Hwíten_,—participle from _hwítian_, to whiten,—made white or whitened; _all_, all. All whitened.

_Whitney._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whitish; somewhat white.

_Whitnight._ _Hwít_, white; _niht_, night. A white night; a moonlit night.

_Whiton._ _Hwít_, white; _tún_, a farm. A white farm.

_Whitson._ _Hwít_, white; _sun_, son. A white son; a pale son.

_Whitten._ _Hwíten_, from _hwítian_, to whiten. Whitened.

_Whittenberg._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _beorg_, a hill. A whitened hill.

_Whittendale._ _Hwíten_, whitened; _dál_, a valley. A whitened valley.

_Whittig._ _Hwít_, white; _ig_, an adjective termination. Whitish. Whittick, Whitty, of like derivation.

_Whittingham._ _Whitting_, Whiting; _hám_, house. Home of Whiting.

_Whittington._ _Whitting_, Whiting; _tún_, house. House of Whiting.

_Whitworth._ _Hwít_, white; _weordh_, honor, dignity. White, or unsullied honor.

_Whorf._ _Hwearf_, a wharf, a shore.

_Why._ _Hwy_, why, wherefore, indeed.

_Whyard._ _Hwy_, why; _ard_, indicating an ensign. One who asks for reasons; a questioner.

_Wiard._ _Wí_, an idol; _ard_, indicative of an ensign. An idolater.

_Wibberley._ _Wibba_, a worm; _líc_, like. Worm-like.

_Wíble._ _Wibil_, a weasel, a beetle.

_Wicemann._ _Wic_, a castle; _mann_, a man. Man of the castle. Wichmann, of similar derivation.

_Wichelmann._ _Wicelian_, to stagger, to reel; _mann_, a man. A staggering man.

_Wick._ _Wic_, a dwelling-place, mansion, village, street, convent, camp, castle, fortress.

_Wickel._ _Wicele_, present indicative first person of _wicelian_, to stagger, to reel.

_Wickersham._ _Wic_, a camp; _ere_, an agent; _wiceres_, genitive of _wicere_, a soldier; _hám_, a house. A soldier’s home.

_Wicks._ _Wick_, Wick; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wick. Wickes, from the same roots.

_Wickfield._ _Wic_, a camp; _feld_, a field, a plain. A camp-field; a tented plain.

_Wickham._ _Wic_, a camp; _hám_, home. A camp-home.

_Wickman._ _Wic_, a camp; _man_, a man. A camp-man; a soldier.

_Widdall._ _Wíd_, grass; _dál_, a valley. A grass-valley.

_Widdifield._ _Wídisc_, grassy; _feld_, a field, a plain. A grassy plain.

_Widdis._ _Wíd_, grass; _ísc_, an adjective termination denoting like. Grassy.

_Widdows._ _Widewe_, a widow; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a widow. Widdoes, a cognate term.

_Wideman._ _Wíd_, wide, broad, famous; _man_, a man. A broad man; a famous man. Widemann, Widman, Widmann, of like import.

_Widemer._ _Wíd-mǽre_, from _wíd_, far, and _mǽre_, famed. Far-famed. Widmer, from the same roots.

_Widener._ _Wíd_, grass; _nere_, a refuge. A grass-refuge. Widner, a cognate term.

_Widger._ _Wicg_, a horse, a steed; _ere_, an agent. A horseman; a warrior.

_Widley._ _Wíd_, wide; _líc_, like. Widely.

_Wiese._ _Wiese_, wise, prudent.

_Wigand._ _Wigend_, a warrior, a soldier.

_Wiggan._ _Wiggan_, to carry on war, to fight, to contend.

_Wiggins._ _Wiggin_, Wiggan; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wiggan.

_Wigham._ _Wig_, war; _hám_, a house. A war-house; castle; tower; fortress.

_Wight._ _Wiht_, a creature, wight, animal.

_Wightman._ _Wiht-man_, from _Wiht_, the Isle of Wight, and _man_, a man. A man of the Isle of Wight.

_Wigley._ _Wig-líc_, from _wig_, war, and _líc_, like. Warlike.

_Wigman._ _Wig-mann_, from _wig_, war, and _mann_, a man. A warlike man; a warrior; a soldier.

_Wigmore._ _Wig_, battle; _mór_, a moor. A battle-moor.

_Wigo._ _Wiga_, a soldier, a warrior.

_Wigton._ _Wig_, a battle; _tún_, town. A battle-town.

_Wike._ _Wic_, a dwelling-place, mansion.

_Wilbank._ _Wil_, a prefix denoting pleasant; _banc_, a bank. A pleasant bank.

_Wilbraham._ _Wilbra_, Wilbur; _hám_, house. House of Wilbur.

_Wilbur._ _Wil_, pleasant; _búr_, a bower. A pleasant bower. Wilber, from the same roots.

_Wilby._ _Wil_, pleasant; _bý_, dwelling. A pleasant dwelling.

_Wilcock._ _Wil_, good, well; _cocc_, a cock. A well-bred cock.

_Wilcocks._ _Wilcock_, Wilcock; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilcock. Wilcox, a kindred term.

_Wild._ _Wíld_, following its own will and impulse, wild, powerful. Wilde, of similar meaning.

_Wildermore._ _Wíld_, wild; _mór_, a moor. A wild moor; an uncultivated moor.

_Wilder._ _Wíld_, wild; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is wild.

_Wildes._ _Wild_, Wild; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilde. Wilds, of like derivation.

_Wildey._ _Wíld-ig_, from _wíld_, wild; _ig_, an adjective termination. Wild-like; wildly. Willdey, from the same roots.

_Wilding._ _Wíld_, wild; _ing_, expressing action. Growing wild.

_Wildman._ _Wíld_, wild; _man_, a man. A wild man. An uncivilized man.

_Wile._ _Wíle_, a wile, craftiness.

_Wileman._ _Wíle_, a wile, craftiness. A wily man; a crafty man.

_Wilen._ _Wilen_, or _wilhen_, a maid, a foreign woman, a female slave.

_Wiler._ _Wíle_, a wile; _ere_, an agent. A trickster.

_Wiles._ _Wile_, Wile; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wile.

_Wiley._ _Wíle_, wile; _ig_, an adjective termination. Wily; tricky; crafty. Wilie, from the same roots.

_Wilfong._ _Wil_, well; _fong_, received. Well-received.

_Wilfonger._ _Wil_, well; _fong_, received; _ere_, an agent. One who is well received.

_Wilford._ _Wil_, pleasant; _ford_, a ford. A pleasant ford.

_Wilgus._ _Wiliges_, genitive of _wilig_, a willow. Belonging to a willow.

_Wilhare._ _Wil_, pleasant; _harra_, a lord. A pleasant lord. Wilher, from the same roots.

_Wilhelm._ _Wil_, well, pleasant; _helm_, a crown. An easy crown; a happy monarch. Or, from _will_, a will, and _helm_, a helmet. A will-helmet; an undaunted helmet.

_Wilkening._ _Wil_, pleasant; _cyn_, people; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of pleasant people.

_Wilkens._ _Wilken_, pleasant people; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of pleasant people. Wilkes, Wilks, possibly, contractions of the same name.

_Wilkinson._ _Wilken_, pleasant people; _sun_, son. Son of pleasant people.

_Will._ _Will_, will, mind, disposition, affection, consent.

_Willahan._ _Will-an_, of one’s will, willingly. Willian, from the same root.

_Willand._ _Willende_, willing, wishing. Willang, doubtless, from the same radix.

_Willans._ _Willan_, Willahan; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willahan.

_Willard._ _Wil-laueord_, from _wil_, good, pleasant, and _laueord_, a lord. A kind lord; a beneficent master. Willauer, Williard, from the same.

_Willdon._ _Wil-dón_, from _wil_, well, and _dón_, to do. To do well; well-done.

_Willeman._ _Wille_, a well; _man_, a man. A well-man; a well-borer. Williman, Willman, of like import.

_Willemin._ _Willan_, to will; _mine_, the mind. A willing mind. Willimen, a kindred term.

_Willems._ _Willem_, Wilhelm; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wilhelm.

_Willer._ _Willan_, to will, to wish; _ere_, an agent. One who wills, or wishes; a willer; a wisher. Willar, another form of the name.

_Willers._ _Willer_, Willer; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willer.

_Willes._ _Wille_, Will; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Will.

_Willess._ _Will_, a will; _leas_, free from. Free from will.

_Willet._ _Wil_, a well, a fountain; _lyt_, little. A small fountain. Or, from _will_, mind, and _lyt_, little. A little mind. Willett, of like derivation.

_Willets._ _Willet_, Willet; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willet. Willetts, Willitts, from the same roots.

_Willey._ _Will-íce_, contraction of _willendlíce_, from _willende_, willing, and _líce_, like. Willing-like; willingly. Willi, Willie, perhaps, corruptions of the name.

_William._ Old History German for Wilhelm. See Wilhelm.

_Williams._ _William_, William; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of William.

_Williamson._ _William_, William; _sun_, son. Son of William.

_Willig._ _Will_, will; _ig_, an adjective termination. Willing; desirous; prone. Willey, Willi, and Willie, may be derived from the same roots. See Willey.

_Willimeit._ _Willa_, will; _miht_, might, power. Will-power.

_Willing._ _Will_, will; _ing_, an offspring. Descendant of Will.

_Willinger._ _Willing_, willing; _ere_, an agent. A servant of Willing.

_Willingmyre._ _Willing_, from _willende_, willing; _myre_, a mare. A willing mare; a ready mare. Willingmeyer, from the same roots.

_Willings._ _Willing_, Willing; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willing.

_Willis._ _Willíce_, willingly.

_Willman._ _Will_, a will; _man_, a man. A will-man; a man of will; a resolute man. Willeman, Williman, may be traced to the same roots. See Willeman.

_Willmanns._ _Willmann_, Willman; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Willman.

_Willmarth._ _Will_, mind; _mǽrdh_, wonders. Mind-wonders. Wilmarth, a kindred name.

_Willmunder._ _Will_, mind; _mundian_, to protect; _ere_, an agent. A mind-protector; an instructor; a teacher; a physician.

_Willoughby._ _Wilige_, what is made of willow, a basket; _bý_, a habitation. A house where baskets are made; a basket-factory.

_Willow._ _Wilig_, or _wileg_, a willow.

_Wills._ _Will_, Will; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Will.

_Willsey._ _Willes_, Will’s; _ig_, an island. Will’s island. Wilsey, from the same roots.

_Willson._ _Will_, Will; _sun_, son. Son of Will. Wilson, from the same roots.

_Wilmer._ _Wil_, well; _mǽre_, famed. Well-famed; distinguished; illustrious.

_Wilmerton._ _Wilmer_, Wilmer; _tún_, house. Home of Wilmer.

_Wilmoore._ _Wil_, pleasant; _mór_, a moor. A pleasant moor. Wilmore, from the same roots.

_Wilmot._ _Wil_, pleasant; _mót_, an assembly. An agreeable assembly. Wilmott, a kindred term.

_Wilsher._ _Wilsc_, Welsh; _ere_, an agent. A Welshman.

_Wilsky._ _Wilsc-ig_, from _Wilsc_, Welsh, and _ig_, an adjective termination. Welsh.

_Willsleger._ _Willes_, genitive of _will_, mind, affection; _leger_, disease, couch. Disease of the mind; couch of affection.

_Wilsman._ _Willes_, genitive of _will_, mind; _man_, a man. A man of mind.

_Wilstach._ _Wil_, a well; _stác_, a pole. A well-pole.

_Wilt._ _Wilt_, from _willan_, to will, to wish. Wilt; willest; wishest.

_Wiltbank._ _Wilt_, willest; _banc_, a bank. A bank thou willest, or wishest; a wished-for bank.

_Wilten._ _Wiltún_, contraction of _Willy-tún_, from _Willy_, the name of a river, and _tún_, town. Town on the river Willy. Willy is, perhaps, from _wilie_, a basket, or _wilig_, a willow.

_Wiltshire._ _Wiltún-scíre_, from _Wil_, Willy, and _tún_, town; _scíre_, a shire, a district. Wiltonshire; Wilton-district.

_Winch._ _Wince_, a winch, a reel to wind thread upon. Winsch, from the same root.

_Winchell._ _Wincel_, a corner. Winsel, doubtless of like import.

_Winchester._ _Win-ceaster_, from _wín_, wine; _ceaster_, a castle. A wine-castle.

_Wind._ _Windan_, to wind, to bend, to twist, to twine.

_Winder._ _Winde_, what winds round, a winder, a reel. Or, from _windan_, to wind, and _ere_, an agent. One who winds; a winder.

_Windisch._ _Windan_, to wind; _isc_, an adjective termination denoting external quality of a thing. Winding; flexuous.

_Windle._ _Wíudel_, dative _wíndle_, anything twined, a basket.

_Windpipe._ _Wind_, wind; _píp_, a pipe, a flute. A wind-pipe.

_Windrim._ _Wyn-drím_, or _wyn-dreám_, from _wyn_, joy, and _drím_, or _dreám_, joy, rejoicing. Great joy, exultation.

_Windsor._ _Wind_, wind; _sór_, sorrow, grief. Wind-sorrow. Windser, from the same roots.

_Wine._ _Wín_, wine.

_Wineland._ _Wín_, wine; _land_, a region. Wine-region.

_Winelander._ _Wín_, wine; _land_, a region; _ere_, an agent. A resident of a wine region.

_Winfield._ _Wín_, wine; _feld_, a field. A wine-field; a vineyard.

_Winfree._ _Wín_, wine; _freó_, free. Wine free; abstaining from wine.

_Wing._ _Winge_, a wing.

_Wingart._ _Wín-geard_, from _wín_, wine, and _geard_, a garden. A wine-garden; a vineyard. Wingert, a kindred name.

_Wingate._ _Wín_, wine; _geát_, a gate, a door, an opening. A wine-gate; an opening to a wine-cellar.

_Winig._ _Wín_, wine; _ig_, an adjective termination. Wine-like; vinous.

_Wink._ _Wincian_, to bend one’s self, to nod, to wink.

_Winkel._ _Wincle_, a wilk, cockle, shell-fish.

_Winkelmann._ _Wincle_, a wilk, a cockle; _mann_, a man. A wilk-man; a cockler.

_Winkler._ _Wincle_, a wilk, a cockle; _ere_, an agent. A wilk-man; a cockler.

_Winkley._ _Wincle_, a cockle; _líc_, like. Resembling a cockle.

_Winline._ _Winn_, acquisition, possession, winning; Latin _linea_, a line. Acquisition-line; border-line; winning-line.

_Winn._ _Winn_, contention, strife, war, trouble, acquisition, possession, winning. Winne, from the same radix.

_Winnel._ _Winn_, a contest; _el_, implying a person. A contestant; a rival; a fighter.

_Winnemoore._ _Winn-an_, to win, to conquer, to subdue; _mór_, a moor. A conquered moor.

_Winner._ _Winna_, a rival, an enemy, a fighter. Or, from _winn_, contest, war, and _ere_, an agent. A contestant; a warrior.

_Winners._ _Winner_, Winner; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Winner.

_Winnett._ _Win_, pleasure; _nett_, a net. A pleasure net.

_Winnig._ _Winn_, contention, war, labor; _ig_, an adjective ending. Contentious; warlike; laborious. Winnie, a slightly modified form of the name.

_Winning._ _Winn_, Winn; _ing_, offspring. Descendant of Winn.

_Winpenny._ _Winn_, labor, winning; _pening_, a penny. Labor-penny; win-penny; winning penny.

_Winrick._ _Win_, winning; _ríce_, power, kingdom. Winning power.

_Winring._ _Win_, winning; _hring_, a ring. Winning ring. Or, from _win_, pleasure, and _hring_, a ring. A pleasure-ring; a wedding-ring.

_Winship._ _Wine-scipe_, from _wine_, a friend, and _scipe_, a termination denoting form, condition, state, office, dignity. A society of friends; a fraternity.

_Winslow._ _Win_, contest; _sláw_, slow, idle, lazy. A slow contest. Or, from _win_, pleasure, and _sláw_, idle. An idle pleasure.

_Winsmore._ _Wines_, genitive of _win_, contention; _mór_, a moor. A contending moor.

_Winstanley._ _Wine_, a friend; Stanley, Stanley. Stanley’s friend. See Stanley.

_Winston._ _Wínes-tún_, from _wínes_, genitive of _wín_, wine, and _tún_, a house. A house of wine; a wine-house; a tavern.

_Wint._ _Wint_, from _wintan_, to wind. Winds.

_Winter._ _Winter_, winter, a year. The Anglo-Saxon, and other northern nations, reckoned by winters instead of years.

_Winterbottom._ _Winter_, winter; _botm_, bottom. Winter’s close.

_Winterbourn._ _Winter_, winter; _burne_, a brook. A winter brook.

_Winterer._ _Winter_, winter; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, winters in a certain place.

_Winterfield._ _Winter_, winter; _feld_, a field, a plain. A wintry field.

_Winterhall._ _Winter_, winter; _heal_, a palace. Winter-palace.

_Winterhalter._ _Winter_, winter; _healtian_, to halt; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, halts for the winter; a winter sojourner.

_Winterholer._ _Winter_, winter; _hole_, a hole; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, seeks winter-quarters in holes.

_Winternight._ _Winter_, winter; _niht_, night. A winter night.

_Winters._ _Winter_, Winter; _s_ for _sun_. Son of Winter.

_Wintersteen._ _Winter_, winter; _stǽn_, or _stén_, stone. A winter stone.

_Winther._ _Windh_, from _winnan_, to labor; _ere_, an agent. A laborer.

_Winton._ _Wín-tún_, from _wín_, wine, and _tún_, a house. A wine-house; a tavern.

_Wire._ _Wír_, wire.

_Wireback._ _Wír_, wire; _bæc_, a back. A wire-back. Wirebach, from the same roots.

_Wireman._ _Wír_, wire; _man_, a man. A worker in wire.

_Wirgman._ _Wirg_, wicked, cursed; _man_, a man. A wicked man.

_Wirsing._ _Wirs_, worse; _ing_, expressing action. Making worse.

_Wirth._ _Wirdh_, from _weordhan_, to be made. Is made.

_Wischan._ _Wiscan_, to wish, to adopt.

_Wischman._ _Wiscan_, to wish; _man_, a man. A man that wishes; a wisher. Wischmann, Wishman, from the same roots.

_Wisdom._ _Wís-dóm_, from _wísa_, a sage, and _dóm_, opinion. Opinion of a sage; wisdom.

_Wise._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; a wise man, a hero, a prince.

_Wisely._ _Wís-líce_, from _wís_, wise, prudent, and _líce_, like. Wise-like; wisely; prudently.

_Wiseman._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _man_, a man. A wise man; a prudent man. Wisman, from the same roots.

_Wiser._ _Wísa_, a sage, a philosopher, a wise man, a leader, guide, director. Or, from _wís_, wise, and _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is wise or prudent.

_Wisham._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _hám_, home. A wise home.

_Wishart._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _heort_, a termination denoting hearty, hearted, brave. Wise-hearted.

_Wisher._ _Wisc-ere_, from _wiscan_, to wish; _ere_, an agent. A wisher.

_Wisenger._ _Wísung_, making wise, instruction, command, a governing, regulator; _ere_, an agent. Wisdom-maker; instructor; commander; governor; regulator.

_Wisler._ _Wís_, wise, prudent; _lár_, doctrine. Wise doctrine. Wissler, a kindred term.

_Wismer._ _Wís_, wise; _mǽre_, famed. Wise-famed; famous for wisdom.

_Wisner._ _Wís_, wise; _nere_, a refuge. A wise refuge.

_Wisse._ _Wisse_, for _wiste_, past of _witan_, to know, to be conscious. Knew; was conscious.

_Wissman._ _Wisse_, knew, was conscious; _man_, a man. A man that knew; a wise man.

_Wist._ _Wiste_, past of _witan_, to know. Knew; was conscious.

_Wister._ _Wiste_, knew; _ere_, an agent. One that knew. Wistar, from the same root.

_Wiswell._ _Wís_, wise; _well_, much. Exceedingly wise.

_Witchel._ _Wicce_, a witch, an enchantress; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A witch; an enchantress.

_Witcher._ _Wicce_, a witch, an enchantress. Witscher, of kindred derivation.

_Witcraft._ _Wit_, mind, wit, understanding; _cræft_, continuance. Mind-continuance; invention.

_Witham._ _Wit_, mind, wit; _hám_, house. Home of wit; the brain.

_Witheat._ _Wit_, mind; _hát_, heat, fervor. Mind-fervor.

_Witman._ _Wit_, wit; _man_, a man. A witman; a man of wit. Wittman, of kindred significance.

_Witmer._ _Wit_, wit; _mǽre_, famed. Wit-famed. Wittmer, a cognate term.

_Witsil._ _Wit_, wit; _sel_, best. Best wit.

_Witt._ _Witt_, wit, mind, understanding. Witte, from the same radix.

_Wittig._ _Witt-ig_, from _witt_, wit, and _ig_, an adjective termination. Witty; wise.

_Wittingham._ _Witting_, Wittig; _hám_, house. Home of Wittig.

_Wittkamp._ _Witt_, wit; _camp_, a contest. A wit-contest.

_Wittkorn._ _Witt_, wit; _corn_, a grain. A wit-grain; a grain of wit.

_Wittland._ _Witt_, wit; _land_, a land. A land of wit.

_Wittrook._ _Witt_, wit; _róc_, a rook. A witty rook.

_Witts._ _Witt_, Witt; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Witt.

_Wittwer._ _Witt_, wit; _wer_, a man. A witty man. Witwer, from the same roots.

_Woddrop._ _Wod_, a wood; _drop_, a drop, a spot. A wood-spot.

_Wogan._ _Wógan_, to woo, to marry.

_Wolbert._ _Wól_, mischief; _beorht_, glistening. Glistening with mischief.

_Wolbold._ _Wól_, mischief; _báld_, audacious. Audacious mischief.

_Wolcott._ _Wól_, disease; _cóte_, a couch, a bed. A diseased couch.

_Wolf._ _Wulf_, a wolf. Wolfe, Wolff, Woolf, Wulf, Wulff, from the same root.

_Wolfel._ _Wulf_, wolf; _el_, a termination denoting a person. A wolfish person; a ravenous person.

_Wonder._ _Wunder_, a wonder, a miracle.

_Wonderly._ _Wunder-líc_, from _wunder_, wonder, and _líc_, like. Wonder-like; wonderful; wondrous.

_Wondle._ _Wúnd-el_, a wound.

_Wonhart._ _Won_, lacking; _heort_, heart. Lacking heart; faint-hearted.

_Wood._ _Wude_, wood.

_Woodall._ _Wude_, wood; _eall_, all. Well-wooded.

_Woodbridge._ _Wude_, wood; _bricg_, a bridge. A wooden bridge.

_Woodburn._ _Wude_, wood; _burne_, a stream. A wooded stream.

_Woodbury._ _Wude_, wood; _bury_, from _byrig_, a city, a town. A wooded town.

_Woodcock._ _Wude_, wood; _coc_, or _cocc_, a cock, a male fowl, or bird. A woodcock; a bird that affects wooded places.

_Woodelton._ _Wudelíc-tún_, from _wudelíc_, woody, wild; _tún_, a farm. A woody, or wild farm.

_Wooder._ _Wudere_, a wooden shoe.

_Woodfall._ _Wude_, a wood; _fealle_, a trap. A wood-trap.

_Woodhead._ _Wude_, a wood; _heáfd_, head. A wood-head; a wooden head.

_Woodhouse._ _Wude_, wood; _hús_, a house. A wood-house.

_Woodhull._ _Wude_, wood; _hul_, a hill. A wooded hill.

_Woodington._ _Wudiende_, present participle of _wudian_, to cut wood; _tún_, a farm. A wood-cutting farm.

_Woodland._ _Wudu-land_, from _wudu_, or _wude_, wood, and _land_, land, region. A woodland; a wooded region.

_Woodlands._ _Woodland_, Woodland; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Woodland.

_Woodley._ _Wudu-líc_, from _wudu_, wood, and _líc_, like. Wood-like; woody; wild.

_Woodman._ _Wudu-mann_, from _wudu_, wood, and _mann_, a man. A woodman; a wood-ward.

_Woodmansee._ _Wudu-mann-seo_, from _wudu-mann_, a woodman, and _seo_, the sight of the eye. A woodman’s vision.

_Woodnutt._ _Wude_, wood; _hnut_, a nut. A wood-nut.

_Woodring._ _Wude_, wood; _hring_, a girdle. A wood-belt; a belt of woods.

_Woodrow._ _Wude_, wood; _ræwa_, a row. A wood-row; a line of woods.

_Woodruff._ _Wude_, wood; _róf_, a roof. Woodroof, Woodroff, Woodroffe, from the same roots.

_Woods._ _Wood_, Wood; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Wood.

_Woodside._ _Wude_, wood; _síde_, side. Side of a wood.

_Woodsides._ _Woodside_, Woodside; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Woodside.

_Woodson._ _Wood_, Wood; _sun_, son. Son of Wood. Or, from _wude_, wood, and _sun_, son. Son of the woods.

_Woodstocker._ _Woodstock_, from _wude_, wood, and _stóc_, a place; _ere_, an agent. A resident of Woodstock—a woody place.

_Woodward._ _Wudu-weard_, from _wudu_, wood, and _weard_, a ward, a guardian. A wood-ward; a woodman.

_Woodworth._ _Wude_, wood; _weordh_, value. Wood-value.

_Woody._ _Wudu-líc_, from _wudu_, wood, and _líc_, like. Wood-like; woody; wild. Or, from _wud_, wood, and _íg_, an adjective termination. Woody; wild.

_Wooldridge._ _Wold_, a wood; _hrycg_, a ridge. A wooden ridge.

_Woolery._ _Wúlle_, wool; _ríce_, a region. A wool-growing region. Woolrey, from the same roots.

_Woolford._ _Wúll_, wool; _ford_, a ford. A wool-ford; a place where the wool-bearers crossed the stream.

_Wooliscroft._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool, sheep; _croft_, a croft, a field. A wool-field; a sheep-pasture.

_Woollard._ _Wúll_, wool; _hlaford_, a lord. A wool-lord; a wool-master.

_Woollerton._ _Wúll_, wool; _ere_, an agent; _tún_, house. Home of a wool-grower.

_Woolley._ _Wúll-íc_ from _wúll_, wool, and _íc_ for _líc_, like. Wool-like; woolly; hairy.

_Woolman._ _Wúll_, wool; _man_, a man. A woolman; a dealer in wool.

_Woolsey._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool, sheep; _íg_, an island. Isle of wool, or sheep.

_Woolson._ _Wúll_, wool; _sun_, son. Son of wool; offspring of a sheep.

_Woolston._ _Wúlles_, genitive of _wúll_, wool; _tún_, town. A wool-town.

_Woolworth._ _Wúll_, wool; _weordh_, value. Wool-value.

_Wopson._ _Wóp_, a whoop, weeping, cry, bewailing, lamentation; _sun_, son. A weeping son.

_Worden._ _Worden_, or _weordhan_, to become, to be, to happen, to come to pass.

_Work._ _Weorc_, work, labor, fatigue, suffering, pain.

_Workman._ _Weorc_, work, labor; _man_, a man. A workman; a laborer.

_Worknot._ _Weorc_, work; _not_, for _nota_, office. A work-office.

_Wormley._ _Worm_, a worm; _líc_, like. Worm-like; spiral.

_Wormsley._ _Wormes_, genitive of _worm_, a worm; _líc_, form. Form of a worm; worm-like; spiral. Or, from _worms_, corruption, and _líc_, like. Corruption-like.

_Worn._ _Worn_, a number, multitude, body, company, band, troop, crowd, herd, power, force. Worne, from the same radix.

_Worrall._ _Worold_, the world. Worrell, Worl, from the same derivation.

_Worsley._ _Wyers_, worse; _líc_, like. Worse-like.

_Worst._ _Wærst_, or _wyrst_, worst.

_Worth._ _Weordh_, worth, value, price, honor, dignity.

_Worthington._ _Weordh-ung_, honoring, worshipping; _tún_, a house. A worshipping-house.

_Worthline._ _Weordh_, wealthy, honorable; _line_, a line. An honorable line.

_Wosser._ _Wosa_, a leader.

_Wotherspoon._ _Wodh-spónere_, from _wodh_, eloquence, song, and _spónere_, an enticer. Song-enticer.

_Wrangham._ _Wrang_, wrong; _hám_, house. Wrong home.

_Wrede._ _Wrǽde_, a latch, buckle, clasp, restraint, control, fastness, haft, handle.

_Wren._ _Wrenna_, a wren, a small bird.

_Wrench._ _Wringe_, an instrument to wring or strain, a press.

_Wrensley._ _Wrǽnnes_, extravagance, luxury, lust, lechery; _líc_, like. Extravagantly; luxuriously.

_Wright._ _Wryhta_, a wright.

_Wrightley._ _Wryhta_, a wright; _líc_, like. Resembling a wright.

_Wrightson._ _Wright_, Wright; _sun_, son. Son of Wright.

_Wrigley._ _Wríge_, covered, hidden; _líc_, like. Covered-like; hidden-like.

_Writt._ _Writ_, a writ, scripture, writing, letter.

_Wroth._ _Wrádh_, wrath, anger.

_Wulton._ _Wúll_, wool; _tún_, town. A wool town.

_Wunder._ _Wundr_, or _wundor_, wonder.

_Wunderly._ _Wundr_, wonder; _líc_, like. Wonder-like. Wunderle, from the same roots.

_Wunning._ _Wun-ung_, from _wun-ian_, to won, to dwell, to inhabit. A woning; a dwelling; a habitation.

_Wurst._ _Wurst_, worst. Wust, a kindred term.

_Wurster._ _Wurst_, worst; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is the worst. Wuster, perhaps, from the same radix.

_Wurtele._ _Wurt_, a wort, an herb; _el_, implying a person. An herb collector; an herbalist.

_Wurts._ _Wurtes_, genitive of _wurt_, a wort, an herb. Belonging to an herb. Wurtz, another spelling of the name.

_Wyche._ _Wyc_, a habitation, city, castle, fortress.

_Wyckoff._ _Wyc_, a dwelling-place, habitation, city, castle, fortress; _cofa_, a room, a chamber. A castle-chamber.

_Wylie._ _Wyllíc_, from _wyl_, a well, a fountain, and _líc_, like. Like a well; as a fountain.

_Wyman._ _Wí_, an idol; _man_, a man. An idolater. Wymann, of like derivation.

_Wynkoop._ _Wyn_, joy, pleasure, light; _copp_, or _cuppa_, a cup. A pleasure-cup.

_Wynn._ _Wyn_, joy, pleasure, delight.

_Wynne._ _Wyne_, one that gives pleasure, a friend.

_Wyss._ _Wíss_, a wise man, a hero, a prince.

Y.

_Yard._ _Ierd_, a yard.

_Yardley._ _Ierd_, a yard; _líc_, like. Yard-like.

_Yarnall._ _Gearn_, yarn, spun wool; _eall_, all, whole. All yarn; entirely woollen.

_Yateman._ _Iát_, or _geát_, a gate; _man_, a man. A gate-keeper. Yeatman, Yetman, from the same roots.

_Yates._ _Iátes_, or _geátes_, genitive of _iát_, a gate. Belonging to a gate. Yeats, of like derivation.

_Yeager._ _Ia_, yea, yes; _gare_, ready. A ready yes; a ready reply.

_Yeagle._ _Iagul_, pronounced _yeagul_, a gargle.

_Yeakle._ _Iac_, a cuckoo; _el_, indicative of personality. A person like a cuckoo; a simpleton.

_Yeakley._ _Iac_, a cuckoo; _líc_, like. Cuckoo-like; wild; careless; lascivious. Yeckley, of similar meaning.

_Yeamans._ _Ie_, a river; _man_, a man; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a river-man.

_Yeansson._ _Geean_, yearning; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of yearning.

_Yearick._ _Gear_, a year; _icg_, or _ig_, an adjective termination. Yearly. Yearicke, Yerrick, from the same roots.

_Yearly._ _Gear-líc_, from _gear_, a year, and _líc_, like. Year-like; yearly.

_Yearred._ _Geard_, or _yrd_, a hedge, enclosure, garden, yard, earth, world.

_Yearsley._ _Geares_, genitive of _gear_, a year; _líc_, form. Form of a year; yearly.

_Yeasler._ _Ysele_, a fire-spark, spark, ember, hot ashes; _ere_, an agent. A fire-maker; a fireman; a stoker.

_Yeather._ _Ýdh_, what rises up, a wave, a flood; _ere_, an agent. That which rises up; a wave; a flood.

_Yeaton._ _Geat_, a gate; _tún_, a house. A gate-house.

_Yeatts._ _Geátes_, genitive of _geát_, a gate. Belonging to a gate. See Yates.

_Yegen._ _Yg-búend_, from _yg_, or _ig_, an island, and _búend_, an inhabitant. An inhabitant of an island; an islander.

_Yeingest._ _Iungest_, or _geongest_, comparative of _iung_, or _geong_, young. Youngest.

_Yeiter._ _Ýtte_, past of _ýtan_, to out, to drive out, to expel, to banish; _ere_, an agent. One expelled; an exile.

_Yellard._ _Yl_, or _il_, a hedgehog, a porcupine; _land_, land. Land of the hedgehog, or porcupine.

_Yenner._ _Ynner_, inner.

_Yenz._ _Yntsa_, an ounce.

_Yeo._ _Ieo_, or _geo_, formerly, of old.

_Yeomans._ _Yeoman_, from _ieo_, or _geo_, of old; _man_, a man, and _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of a man of old; son of a yeoman; son of a tiller of the soil.

_Yeomanson._ _Yeoman_, a yeoman; _sun_, son. Son of a yeoman.

_Yepson._ _Yppe_, plain, open, manifest; _sun_, son. A plain, open, straightforward son.

_Yerg._ _Earg_, or _eorg_, inert, weak, timid, wretched.

_Yerger._ _Earg_, timid; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is timid.

_Yerges._ _Yerg_, Yerg; _s_ for _sun_, son. Son of Yerg. Yerkes, perhaps, corruption of the same.

_Yergey._ _Earg_, inert, timid; _ig_, an adjective termination. Timid; inert.

_Yerpe._ _Eorp_, a wolf.

_Yettinger._ _Yting_, a way, a journey; _ere_, an agent. A wayfarer; a journeyer. Perhaps, from _get-ung_, getting, and _ere_, an agent. A getter.

_Yetter._ _Get_, imperfect of _getan_, to get; _ere_, an agent. A getter.

_Yewdall._ _Iw_, the yew tree; _dál_, a valley. The valley of the yew.

_Yheaulon._ _Hyew_, hue; _lon_, for _lond_, land. Land of hue.

_Yhost._ _Gást_, breath, spirit, ghost. Yoast, Yost, like it, a corruption of the original.

_Yingling._ _Ging_, young, tender; _ling_, a termination denoting state or condition of a person. Youth; tenderness.

_Yoce._ _Ioc_, or _geoc_, a yoke.

_Yochum._ _Ioc_, a yoke; _hum_, for _hám_, a house. A yoke-house. Yocam, Yocum, Yokam, from the same roots.

_Yockel._ _Ioc_, a yoke; _el_, a termination denoting a person. One who has charge of a yoke of oxen; a farmer; a bumpkin.

_Yoder._ _Gǽd_, a goad; _ere_, an agent. One who uses a goad.

_Yonker._ _Iunga_, or _geonga_, a youth. A young fellow; a youngster. Or, from _iuncer_, a younker, a young nobleman, one that is young, a young fellow. Younker, of like kinship.

_Young._ _Iung_, or _geong_, young, tender. Younk, from the same root.

_Youngblood._ _Iung_, young; _blódh_, or _blód_, blood. Young blood.

_Younger._ _Geongra_, comparative of _geong_, young, tender. Younger; more tender.

_Younginger._ _Young_, Young; _ing_, an offspring; _ere_, an agent. A descendant of Young.

_Youngling._ _Geong-ling_, a youngling, a boy.

_Youngman._ _Geong_, young; _man_, a man. A young man; a youth.

_Younk._ Corruption of Young. See Young.

_Yuker._ _Iuc_, a yoke; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, is yoked; a companion; a yoke-mate.

FROM THE ANGLO-NORMAN.

HISTORY—NORMAN CONQUEST.

The Normans, or Northmen, were primarily of the Norse, or Scandinavian, branch of the Teutonic race. They were active, enterprising men—merchants, navigators, soldiers. Restless under the restraints of a power that was slowly and surely consolidating the Scandinavian kingdoms, they broke away from its influence, and boldly ventured forth, conquered the Shetland Islands, the Orkneys, and the Hebrides, founded the kingdom of Caithness in Scotland, settled Iceland, discovered Greenland, and colonized Vinland, which is supposed to be on the coast of New England.

In 911, Rolf, or Rollo, the Ganger, with his daring band of vikings, obtained a footing in the fertile valley of the Seine. The province, which was afterwards called Normandy, was received by him as a fief from Charles the Simple. Friendly relations were soon established, and Rollo became the king’s vassal with the title of duke, and subsequently married his daughter. The Normans were brought under French law and customs, became Christians, adopted the French language, married into French families, and caught the French spirit.

Edward the Confessor dying without issue in 1066, Harold, his brother-in-law, succeeded to the throne. But William, seventh Duke of Normandy, whose aunt, Emma, had been married to Ethelred II of England, claimed it by hereditary right and by the promise of both Edward and Harold.

Determined to establish his claim, he set sail with thirty thousand followers for the coast of England. On October 14, 1066, he met and defeated Harold, near Hastings, and was soon afterwards crowned king at Westminster. This was the only conquest—and British soil has throbbed to the clatter and tramplings of four—that reached down to the people of the island and thoroughly leavened them. The admixture of a new blood and a new spirit with theirs proved the greatest good that ever befell them. It can be considered as nothing short of a regeneration, for it made the English nation of to-day, the English language, and the English literature.

The modern Englishman owes to his Teutonic ancestry his love of justice and fair play, his religious nature, his physical robustness and intellectual vigor, his love of liberty, and to his French lineage—and we must not lose sight of the fact that, though originally Teutonic, the Normans had been metamorphosed by their life in France—his manner, his tact, his administrative genius, his poetic skill, and his artistic nature. In him are most happily blended the two races, forming a composite better than either component, greater even than both elements while in separation. The changes which Anglo-Saxon thus underwent are vital, fundamental, and, we may say, revolutionary.

Expressive of the change thus effected, a new name is needed. Before 1066, writers refrained from calling the dominant people of the island, or their language, by any other term than Anglo-Saxon. But after the union of the people and of the languages, no name expresses the new condition of things so well as English. As thus applied, English denotes always the race resulting from the marriage of the two peoples, or the speech resulting from the union of the two tongues.

ANGLO-NORMAN LANGUAGE.

The Anglo-Saxons and the Normans lived side by side. It must not be supposed, however, that either the two peoples or the two languages were welded instantaneously. They grew together, and the growth was slow. There were special reasons why such should be the case. The conqueror was of alien blood. National animosity existed between him and the conquered. In the north, more especially than in the south, William’s conquest was ruthless. Harvests were destroyed, cattle killed or carried off, implements of husbandry sacrificed, towns and villages burned, and the inhabitants slain or driven across the border. The entire soil was confiscated, and the land, upon condition of military service, parcelled out among a score or more of great vassals, among hundreds of inferior crown vassals, and among the higher clergy. The meanest Norman was raised to opulence and influence in the new dominion. By the establishment of this modified feudal system, the masses were reduced to a species of serfdom. They became mere tillers of the soil. Shoals of Norman ecclesiastics came across the Channel, and the people were forced to accept religious instruction and consolation from the strangers. Everywhere, in the palace and among the nobility, in the law courts and the schools, as authority dictated, another language than their own prevailed. A keen sense of the scorn with which their lack of culture and their “barbarous tongue” were regarded, added to a painful consciousness of their social and political degradation, only served the more to heighten their aversion to the strangers, and to make the problem of coalescence slow and difficult.

But the influences at work were not wholly those of repulsion. Living together as they did, they had to meet each other in the field and in the town. They were forced to buy from each other and to sell to each other. Time could not but lessen the arrogance of the one, and modify the moroseness of the other. Definite rights were gradually acquired by the subject race. His services became limited, and could be commuted for money considerations. The ownership of his hut and of the plat of ground surrounding it, and the privilege of using the waste land of the manor for the pasturage of his cattle, which were mere indulgences at first, grew into rights that could be pleaded at law. The serf became a power. He was struggling to grow to a copyholder, and the copyholder, to a freeholder. Such things had their effects. The military strength of the nobles waned, the courts of the feudal baronage were shorn of their influence, and the feudal system was fast sinking into decay. In education, as well as in material things, the Anglo-Saxons were improving. Intermarriages were common, and strong social and national feelings were springing up, before which their mutual antagonism was giving away.

The vast possessions, partly hereditary and partly acquired by marriage, held by the English kings in France, served but to aid this feeling. To hold these against the French kings required not only a united people, but a people unified by the strong sentiment of nationality. And to make progress against the encroachments of their own kings the nobility were forced to make common cause with the people. To what extent the interests of barons and commons were identified may be seen from the provisions of the Great Charter extorted from King John in 1215.

For a long time after the Conquest there existed in England the singular spectacle of two languages declining to coalesce and yet spoken by two peoples living together. Neither language would give way to the other. How little these two languages had blended in the vocabulary of authors, may be seen when it is said that Layamon’s _Brut_, a poem of thirty-two thousand lines, written in 1205, does not contain a hundred and fifty French words; and that in the _Ormulum_, a poem of twenty thousand lines, which appeared in the year of Magna Charta, hardly fifty French words are found. But the difficulties in the way of coalescence were slowly diminishing. Such as were political have already been spoken of, but those more properly linguistic will now be considered.

This period was, to the subject race, one of general depression. Very little literature, and that of an indifferent quality, was produced. Their language was no longer spoken, and their standards in it forgotten. Anglo-Saxon had been banished from the schools, was no longer used at the palace and castles of the nobles, or in the courts. Few were writing it. It seems to have been left in the care, if care it can be called, of those ignorant of its literature and grammar, and familiar only with the vocabulary employed in colloquial speech. The effect of all this upon the language can be easily inferred. A large fraction of the vocabulary, the more dignified and scholarly portion, fell into neglect and then into oblivion. The grammatical inflections, denoting case, person, number, tense, of the words kept in circulation, almost entirely perished. These inflections would only be retained by those who knew their importance, but they sloughed off as the words fell from the tongues of those who were ignorant of them. When, then, this Anglo-Saxon speech had forced itself upon the Normans, as it had fairly done by the latter half of the fourteenth century, it was far easier to master than would have been the case immediately after 1066. Nearly one-half of the words in the vocabulary before the Conquest, it is estimated, dropped out of it in the three hundred years immediately following, and it is certain that the grammar had been vastly simplified. With one-half of its words lost, and the remaining half nearly flectionless, the work of learning the language was made comparatively easy for the Norman.

This forcing of the tongue of a conquered people upon its conquerors was a signal achievement and of far-reaching consequences. Upon the authority of John of Trevisa, we are told that, after the great pestilence of 1349, the instruction of youth was revolutionized. John Cornwall changed the instruction in the grammar-school from French into English, and was followed by Richard Pencrich and others, so that in 1335 in all the grammar-schools of England the children were being taught English rather than French. In 1362 French was exchanged for English in the courts of law, Parliament having passed an act that year ordering that in all the courts “all pleas ... shall be pleaded, shewed, defended, answered, debated, and judged in the English tongue.” Great writers had now arisen—Wyclif, 1324-1384, in prose; Chaucer, 1340-1400, in poetry. They wrote in English, and their influence upon the plastic language of their day, and upon all subsequent writers, is simply incalculable.

The adoption of the Anglo-Saxon by the Norman was greatly facilitated by the fact that the French he was using was not the French of Paris, but the degenerate tongue of Normandy, which was at best but provincial. But during the centuries of its use in England it had been kept from free contact with the dialect of Normandy, and so had deteriorated even from the imperfect standard. Even the Norman himself had grown ashamed of it, and was not unwilling to part with it.

When it is said that by 1400, or even earlier, English was generally used, it is meant a speech not in existence by itself till long after the Norman Conquest, a speech neither Anglo-Saxon nor French, but Anglo-Saxon and French. It was a speech to which both of these languages contributed, to form which both of these were combined. The adoption of words was not all done by the Norman. While he borrowed many from the Saxon, the Saxon borrowed some from the Norman. English may, therefore, be considered a compromise, a compound. It is one speech after the union, but not univocal, not all of a piece, every speaker of which being bilingual.

The tongue brought over by the Conqueror has been called Norman-French. It is in reality Latin. Just before the Christian era Julius Cæsar subdued the people then in possession of Gaul, what is now France, and imposed upon them his language, which was that of Rome. This language, used for a thousand years by a people to whom it was not the vernacular, was acquired by the Normans, of still another alien stock, and by them introduced into England. Spoken a whole millennium by people whose mother-tongue it displaced, and from them learned by strangers, it is not at all unreasonable to suppose that the words had lost much of their original form and meaning. Proofs, in the words themselves, are not wanting to sustain the assertion. Outwardly they were almost invariably shortened. By a dropping of vowels or consonants, or of both, two or three syllables had been squeezed into one, as some examples will conclusively show. French _sûr_, our _sure_, came originally from the Latin _securus_; French _règle_, our _rule_, from Latin _regula_; French _île_, English _isle_, from _insula_. And not unfrequently the final and unaccented syllable or syllables seem not to have been caught by the subject Gaul, or, if caught by his ear, were not retained on his tongue. The Latin _domina_, for instance, appears in French as the truncated _dame_; _medius_ as _midi_; and _malum_, as _mal_. Though changed, yet it must be patent to all that the French words are Latin, as their essential identity with the words used by Horace and Virgil unmistakably show.

NAMES—THEIR DERIVATION.

A.

_Avis._ _Avis_, advice, opinion. Avise, from the same radix.

_Auter._ _Auter_, an altar.

_Ayler._ _Ayel_, a grandfather; _ere_, an agent. An active grandfather.

_Ayles._ _Ayeles_, genitive of _ayel_, a grandfather. Belonging to a grandfather.

B.

_Batchelor._ _Bachelor_, an unmarried man, a knight, one who has taken his first degree in a college.

_Bayard._ _Bayard_, a bay horse, a blood-horse; so called in Chaucer, and in old romances. Byard, abbreviation of the term.

_Beauford._ _Beau_, beautiful; _ford_, a ford. A beautiful ford.

_Belfield._ _Bel_, beautiful; _feld_, a field. A beautiful field.

_Belford._ _Bel_, beautiful, good; _ford_, a ford. A good ford.

_Bellamy._ _Bel amy_, from _bel_, good, and _amy_, a friend. A good friend.

_Bellenere._ _Belle_, beautiful; _nere_, a refuge. A beautiful refuge.

_Bokel._ _Bokel_, a buckle.

_Borell._ _Borel_, coarse cloth of a brown color, made of plain, coarse stuff. Borel folk, borel men, were laymen.

_Bortel._ _Bordel_, a brothel.

_Bos._ _Bos_, a protuberance.

_Bosek._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _ig_, an adjective termination. Bossy. Bose, Bosee, from the same roots.

_Boser._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _ere_, an agent. One who, or that which, has a protuberance.

_Boshart._ _Bos_, a protuberance; _heort_, a hart. A humped hart.

_Bossard._ _Bosard_, a buzzard, a species of hawk unfit for sporting. Bossart, Bossert, identical in derivation and meaning.

_Boswell._ Latin _bos_, an ox; _well_, a well, a fountain. An ox-well; a well where oxen are watered.

_Bosworth._ _Bos_, an ox; _weordh_, value, price. Ox-value.

_Botler._ _Botel_, or _botelle_, a bottle; _ere_, an agent. A bottler. Butler, from the same radix.

_Bottle._ _Botel_, or _botelle_, a bottle.

_Brear._ _Brere_, a briar, a bramble.

_Brearey._ _Brere_, a bramble; _ig_, an adjective termination. Briery; brambly; full of briars; rough.

_Brearley._ _Brere_, a bramble; _líc_, like. Bramble-like; briery.

_Brinton._ _Brin_, a sprig, a slip; _tún_, a house, an enclosure. A hot-bed; a green-house; a nursery.

_Buffett._ _Buffette_, a blow.

_Burdon._ _Burdoun_, a humming noise, the base in music.