III.

THE CAMBRIDGE TEXT.

CAMBRIDGE UNIV. LIBR. Ii. 4. 9. 15th century. [fol. 67, r^o.]

1 Erthe vpon erth is waxi{n} and wrought, Erthe takys on erth a nobylay of nought; Now erthe vpon erthe layes all his þought How erthe vpon erthe sattys all at noght. 4

2 Erthe vpon erth has hallys & towr{is}[1]; Erthe says to erth: 'This is alle owr{is}'. But q{ua}n erth vpon erth has byg{g}yd his bowr{is}, Than xal erth for the erth haue scharpe schowr{is}. 8

3 Erthe vpon erth wolde be a kyng, But hove[2] erth xal to erth thynkyth he no thyng.

4 And of the same erthe mad God ma{n}, And sethe he made that erth & callyd it Ad{a}m, 12 For loue of erthe, the wych was woman, That erth in this erthe fyrst be-gan.

5 Erthe goos on erth & tyllys w{i}t{h} hys plowe, Erthe a-geyn erth holdys it full toght[3], 16 Erthe vpon [erth] stelis hym a slogh[4], Erthe on this erth thynkys he has neu{er} i-nowe[5].

6 Erth vpon erthe gos in the weye, Prykys and prankys on a palfreye; 20 When erth has gotyn erth alle that he maye, He schal haue but seven fote at his last daye.

7 Than xal not be lyky{n}g vn-to hy{m} Bu[t][6] an olde sely cloth to wynde erthe in, 24 When erthe is in erth for wormys wyn, The rof of his hows xal ly on his chyn.

[fol. 67, v^o.] 8 [7]When erthe says to erth: 'My rent þ{o}u me bryng', Then has erth fro erthe a dolfull p{ar}tyng. 28

9 How erthe louys erth wondyr me thynke, How erth for erth wyll swete and swynke. When erth is in erthe broght w{i}t{h}-in the brynke, What as herth than of erthe but a fowle sty{n}ke? 32

10 Erthe wrotys in erth as molys don in molde, Erthe vp-on erth glydys as golde, As erthe leve in erthe eu{er} mor{e} schulde.

11 Erthe vp-on erth mynd eu{er} mor{e} þ{o}u make 36 How erthe xal to erth when deth wyll hy{m} take.

12 Be war{e}, erth, for erthe, for sake of thi sowle, Erthe may of erth at þe last take a fowle, When erth is in erthe her{e} so long in his slogh. 40

13 Ffor erth gos in erth walkand in vede, And erthe rydys on erth on a fayr stede, When he was[8] goty{n} in erth erth to his mede, Than is erth layde in erthe wormys to fede. 44 Whylke ar the wormys the flesch brede? God wote the wormys for to ryght rede.

14 Erthe a-geyn erthe I holde it on-kynde, Erthe is as sone wroth as is the wynde, 48 Swyche fowle erth mekyl may we fynde, That wyl speke fayr{e} befor{e} vs & falsly be-hy{n}de.

15 When erth vp-on erth be-gy{n}nys to be wroth, [fol. 68, r^o.] Erth vpon erth swerys many a gret othe, 52 Erth berys p{r}ide in herte & i{n} cloth, When erth is layde i{n} erth þan xal it be loth.

16 Erthly coveytous makyth erth to be schent, Erth for this erth yeld{is} a gret rent, 56 If erth in thys erth levyd in good entent Than dar{e} erthe nevyr recke wher{e} that he went.

17 Erth vp-on erth is stronge as a mast, And erth wyth is erth fyghtys ful fast, 60 Ther{e} is non so stowte that in erth may hy{m} cast, And alle xal we be erth at the last.

18 Erthe bygyth hallys & erth bygith towres, When erth is layd in erth, blayke is his bo{ur}s; 64 If erth haue welth, he dwellyth in flowr{es}[9], And if erth haue mys don, he getyth scharpe sho{ur}s.

19 If erth wyste in erth q{ua}t that erth is, Ther wolde neu{er} erth in erth do a-mys. 68 God mad erth of erth, & namyd it for his, Adam of erth in erthly paradys.

20 God walkyd in erth as longe as he wolde, He had not in this erth but hong{er} & colde, 72 And in this erth also his body was solde, Her{e} in this erth, whan þ{a}t he was xxx^ti [gh]er{e} olde.

21 God lytyd in erth, blyssed be that stou{n}de! [fol. 68, v^o.] He sauyd hijs herth w{i}t{h} many a scharpe wou{n}de, 76 Ffor to sawe erth owght of hell grou{n}de, He deyd in erth vpon þe rode w{i}t{h} many a blody vou{n}de[10].

22 And God ros ovght of the est[11] this erth for to spede, And went into hell as was gret nede, 80 And toke erth from sorowe þ{us}[12] erth for to spede, The ryght wey to heuen blys Iesus Cryst vs lede! fine.

(_The rest of the page is occupied by a coloured picture of a knight and a skeleton with Latin mottoes, v. Introduction, p. xiv._)

[Footnote 1: or _towr{es}_, _owr{es}_, &c.]

[Footnote 2: MS. _hove_ for _howe_.]

[Footnote 3: ? error for _togh_.]

[Footnote 4: Heuser _flogh_, but MS. appears to be _slogh_ as in l. 40.]

[Footnote 5: MS. _was neuer non_ crossed out, _has neu{er} I nowe_ written above.]

[Footnote 6: MS. _bu_, the last letter of the word has been erased.]

[Footnote 7: These two lines form the missing half of v. 3, and are perhaps inserted here with the idea of forming a six-lined stanza.]

[Footnote 8: better _has_.]

[Footnote 9: or _flowr{is}_.]

[Footnote 10: _wounde_.]

[Footnote 11: MS. clearly _est_, perh. error for _erth_.]

[Footnote 12: MS. _y^9_ = _þus_, perh. for _þis_.]

NOTES.

#Page 1.# #MS. Harl. 2253.# These four lines were apparently regarded by Wanley, together with the preceding French strophe, as forming part of the poem on the Death of Simon de Montfort, and are not noted by him in the British Museum Catalogue. Böddeker also omitted them from his _Altenglische Dichtungen des MS. Harl. 2253_ (Berlin 1878). They were, however, already noted by Pinkerton in 1786, see _Ancient Scottish Poems never before in print . . . from the MS. Collections of Sir Richard Maitland_, ii, Note on p. 466: 'In the same (i.e. Harleian) library, No. 2253, is another of the same kind, beginning,

Erthe toc of erthe erthe wyth wote.

It is only one stanza; and another piece of one stanza preceding it, both are put by Mr. Wanley, in the Catalogue, as part of a French song on Sir Simon de Montfort, which they follow: but such mistakes frequently arise from the crowded manner of old MSS.' The facsimile opposite the title-page shows the lines as they occur in the MS.

#Page 5.# #William Billyng's MS.# The 'finely written and illuminated parchment roll' described by William Bateman in his preface to Billyng's _Five Wounds of Christ_, of which forty copies were privately printed by him at Manchester in 1814, contained the following poems:--

1. The Five Wounds of Christ (fifteen stanzas in rime royal).

2. At hygh none whan the belle dothe tylle (eighteen lines).

3. Erth owte of Erth (six stanzas).

4. Pes maketh plente (five lines).

The whole is signed #Will[~m] Billyng#. It has been frequently suggested that Billyng was the author of these poems, but it is evident that he was not the author of _Erthe upon Erthe_, though his may be one of the earliest transcripts of the B version, and the lines _Pes maketh plente_ also occur elsewhere, cf. MS. Digby 230 (fifteenth century). He may have been the author of _The Five Wounds of Christ_, but it is more probable, considering the usual origin of other fifteenth-century collections of the kind, that he was merely the collector and transcriber of the texts. Cf. F. J. Furnivall, _Notes and Queries_, IV. iii. 103. It is possible that this may be the William Billyng who, in 1474, became rector of Toft Monks in Norfolk on the presentation of the Provost and Scholars of King's College, Cambridge, and who appears to have held the benefice until 1506 (see _Notes and Queries_, III. iv. 173; Blomefield, _Norfolk_, viii. 63).[1] The parchment roll was formerly preserved in Bateman's collection of antiquities at Lomberdale House, Derbyshire. This collection was broken up and sold after Bateman's death, the archaeological remains being purchased by the Sheffield Museum, and the books and MSS. sold at Messrs. Sotheby, Wilkinson, and Hodge's rooms in 1893, but all attempts to trace Billyng's MS. after the breaking up of the collection have been unsuccessful. A copy of the printed text is in the British Museum.

Montgomery's reprint of the poem in 1827 was taken from Bateman's version, and differs from it only in some very slight corrections in spelling. It has been suggested that this reprint was the source of the _Earth upon Earth_ Epitaphs which occur, but these were current from the sixteenth century on, and, as has been already pointed out (see Introduction, pp. xxxvi ff.), the usual form of the Epitaph, even in the latest versions, differed from that of the actual poem.

#Page 7.# #MS. Selden Supra 53.# This text omits verse 5, and inverts the normal order of verses 4 and 6 (see Table on p. xvii of Introduction). The text is written in a neat hand in the left-hand column on the back of a spare leaf (fol. 159) at the end of the MS., after Lydgate's _Dance of Macabre_. The right-hand column contains Latin scribblings, perhaps by the scribe who re-wrote small portions of _Erthe upon Erthe_ (see p. 7, footnotes). A few lines are scribbled in another hand upon the front side of the leaf, which is otherwise blank. The back of the leaf was evidently unprotected, and is much rubbed and worn. The space below Lydgate's last verse and colophon on fol. 158 v^o contains two odd stanzas in English in the same metre as Lydgate's poem, beginning 'Let se your hand my ladi, dam emperys', in a hand of the late fifteenth century, and a French stanza of four lines ('Qui met son cuer tout en Deu, Il a son cuer et si a Deu', &c.) in a French hand, perhaps as late as 1500. Both of these were quite possibly inserted in the MS. later than _Erthe upon Erthe_, the exact date of which is indeterminate, but it was probably copied in between 1450 and 1500.

#Page 8.# #MS. Egerton 1995.# This MS. was evidently a Commonplace book. Its contents are described by Gairdner, _Collections of a London Citizen_ (Camden Society, 1876). The MS. is written throughout in fifteenth-century hand, and appears to be the work of one scribe. Gairdner thinks the whole collection may be ascribed to William Gregory of the Skinners' Company, who was Mayor of London in 1451, and who seems to have been the author of part, at least, of the Chronicle of London at the end of the MS.

#Page 10.# #MS. Brighton.# Fiedler's account of this MS. is as follows:-- 'Noch eine andre Fassung des Gedichtes habe ich mir vor einigen Jahren aus einer Handschrift abgeschrieben, die damals im Besitze eines Antiquars in Brighton war, über deren weiteren Verbleib ich aber nichts ermitteln könnte. Es war eine Pergamenthandschrift, folio, von 90 Blättern. Sie enthielt eine lateinische Abhandlung über die sieben Sacramente "Oculi Sacerdotis", und auf der ursprünglich frei gebliebenen Rückseite des letzten Blattes war von einer Hand des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts das englische Gedicht eingetragen.' (_Mod. Lang. Review_, III. iii. 219.)

#Page 11.# #Stratford-on-Avon Inscription.# A full account of this inscription has been given in the Introduction, p. xii. The lines 'Whosoo hym be thowghte', there mentioned as being inscribed beneath _Erthe upon Erthe_, are given by Fisher as follows:--

Whosoo hym be thowght Inwardly and ofte How hard hyt ys to flett From bede to peyt From peyt to peyne that neu{er} Schall seys Certen He wold not doo no syn all þ{is} world to wynne.

The same lines are found on other monumental inscriptions. Weever (_Ancient Funeral Monuments_, p. 425) mentions them as occurring in sixteenth-century inscriptions in Churches at Saffron Walden and Faversham respectively, and Rogers (_Monuments and Monumental Inscriptions in Scotland_, ii. 210) quotes them from a tombstone in the parish of Dun. The following version is from Bodl. MS. Tanner 407, fol. 36, v^o (sixteenth century):--

He that hath thoughte ful in-wardly and ofte how hard it is to flyt fro bedde on to pyt fro pytte on to pyne whiche neuyr schal haue fyne for alle thys world to wynne wold not do a synne.

#Page 16.# #MS. Laud Misc. 23.# This is the only text which is not written in metrical lines. The MS. being small, it was not as a rule possible to fit one line of the poem into a single line of the page, and the run-on lines involved waste of space. The scribe wrote verse 1 in metrical lines, verses 2 and 3 as if in two long lines, and the remainder of the poem in paragraphs, each paragraph coinciding with a verse. Each new line or paragraph is indicated by a red capital, and the metrical lines are distinguished by pause-marks ([V.], ·, [V], |), and by touching up the first letter of the line in red. In vv. 6, 7, and 8, the scribe appears to have lost count of the lines, as the three verses are written in two paragraphs, and letters in the middle of a line are often marked in red. At the top of the first leaf a later hand has scribbled the words _haue made me_. A few other such scribbles occur elsewhere in the MS.

[[The first and third "pause-marks" are root sign with and without under-dot.]]

l. 26 (p. 17). _Thi body that was rank and louyd of alle men, is hatyd._ The reading is inferior to MS. Lambeth, l. 27:

þan þi bodi þat was rank & undeuout of alle men is bihatid--

and the change led to the placing of the pause (indicated in the MS.) after men.

l. 27. _Out of the erthe cam to this erthe his wantyng garnement._ This line seems to be a compromise between the readings of MSS. Lamb. and Rawl. P.

(_MS. Lamb. 28_)

Out of þis erþe cam to þis erþe þis wrecchid garnement.

(_MS. Rawl. P. 37_)

Oute of the erthe cam the erthe wantynge his garnament.

But the rest of the verse follows Lamb, rather than Rawl. P., cf. _ruly, raggid and rent_, _hidous turment_, beside Rawl. P. _disgesily ragged and to-rent_, _ful grete turment_.

l. 34 has the correct reading _stinke_, as in MSS. Harl. 4486 and Rawl. P.; Lamb. repeats _swynk_.

l. 39 (p. 18). _Wolde therfore this erthe on this erthe on this hertly thinke_, is superior to the exaggeratedly long line in Lamb. 40, but both are inferior to MS. Rawl. P., ll. 53, 54, where the correct rime is preserved:

thinkynge : risynge : rekenynge : kynge.

l. 47. _Lord God that erthe madist & for the erthe suffredist peynys ille._ It is difficult to determine what was the original form of this line. The readings of the other texts which have the verse are as follows:--

(_Harl. 4486, 33_)

Now Lorde that madyst for erthe & sufferdyst paynes ille.

(_Lamb. 48_)

O þou Lord that madist þis erþe for þis erþe & suffridist heere peynes ille.

(_Rawl. P. 125-6_).

Lord God that erthe tokist in erthe And suffredist paynes ful stille.

Possibly MS. Laud has transposed the _and_, and the correct reading should be _that erthe madist for the erthe & suffredist paynes ille_, in which case Harl. 4486 has merely omitted the first _erthe_, while the other two texts have modified the older version.

#Page 24.# #MS. Porkington 10.# _Erthe upon Erthe_ is preceded by the two following stanzas:--

Lo wordly folk{es} thou[gh] þ{is} p{ro}cese of dethe Be not swete, ne synke not i{n} your mynde. Whe{n} age co{m}myþ & schorteth is her brethe, And dethe co{m}myþ, he is not far behynde; The{n} her dyscressio{n} schal wel knov & fynde That to have mynd of deþ it is ful nesseserry, Ffor deth wyl co{m}e; dovtl{es} he wyl not long tarry.

Of what estate [gh]e be, [gh]ovng or wold, That redyth vppon þ{is} dredful storrye, As in a myrrovr her [gh]e may be-holde The ferful ende of al your joy & glorie; Therfor þ{is} mat{er} redvs vs to yovr memory:-- [Gh]e þ{at} syttyþ nowe hye vppon þe whele, Thynke vppo{n} yovr end, & alle schal be we[le].

The MS. is in Lord Harlech's library at Brogyntyn (formerly Porkington) near Oswestry, Salop.

#Page 28.# #MS. Balliol 354.# l. 48. _Go to seynt Poulis, & see þer the portratowre._ Cf. Stow, _Survey of London_, 1598: 'There was also one great cloister on the north side of this church (St. Paul's), environing a plot of ground, of old time called Pardon churchyard . . . About this cloister was artificially and richly painted the Dance of Machabray, or Dance of Death, commonly called the Dance of Paul's; the like whereof was painted about St. Innocent's cloister at Paris, in France. The metres or poesy of this dance were translated out of French into English by John Lidgate, monk of Bury, and with the picture of death leading all estates, painted about the cloister, at the special request and in the dispence of Jenken Carpenter, in the reign of Henry V.'

_Ibid._ 'John Carpenter, townclerk of London, in the reign of Henry V, caused with great expense to be curiously painted upon board, about the north cloister of Paule's, a monument of Death leading all estates, with the speeches of Death, and answer of every state. This cloister was pulled down 1549.'

Cf. Sir T. More, _Works_ (ed. 1557, folio), p. 77: 'We wer never so gretly moved by the beholding of the Daunce of Deth pictured in Paule's.'

#Page 30.# #Maitland MS.# Omitted by Pinkerton from his printed text of the Maitland MS. as 'a silly jingling piece, shewing the vanity of man, who is but earth, building upon earth: priding himself in gold which is but earth', &c. Pinkerton also knew of 'several pieces of the same kind in MSS. of Old English poetry', see Note on MS. Harl. 2253, p. 36. He had strong views against the indiscriminate printing of old MSS., and was unwilling to sacrifice 'the character of a man of taste to that of an antiquary; as of all characters he should the least chuse that of an hoarder of ancient dirt'.

#Page 32.# #MS. Cambridge# (Univ. Libr. I. 1. iv. 9). l. 17. The reading _slogh_ is supported by Professor Skeat. It is difficult to see what meaning could be attached to _flogh_, as in Heuser's text.

#Page 33.# l. 48. _As wroth as the wynde_ was a favourite mediaeval proverb. Cf. _Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight_, l. 319: he wex as wroth as wynde; _Piers Plowman_, C. iv. 486: As wroth as the wynd wex Mede ther-after; _Richard the Redeles_, iii. 153: thei woll be wroth as the wynde.

ANALOGUES.

It may be of interest to note here some other instances of the use of the theme _Earth upon Earth_, not immediately connected with the poem under discussion.

An early instance of the phrase occurs in a Poem on the Death of Edward IV, written by Skelton probably soon after the event (9th April, 1483), beginning _Miseremini mei ye that ben my ffryndys_. Verse 2 runs as follows:--

I slepe now in molde, as it is naturall That erth vnto erth hath his reuerture: What ordeyned God to be terestyall, Without recours to the erth of nature? Who to lyue euer may himselfe assure? What is it to trust on mutabilyte, Sith that in this world nothing may indure? For now am I gone, that late was in prosperyte: To presume thervppon, it is but a vanyte, Not certayne, but as a chery fayre full of wo: Reygned not I of late in greate felycite? _Et, ecce, nunc in pulvere dormio!_

(_Poetical Works of Skelton_, ed. Dyce, I. i; London, 1843).

The poem was inserted amongst the imprinted works of Lydgate, who could not have been alive in 1483, cf. MS. Harl. 4011, fol. 169, v^o, where it occurs among Lydgate's works.

In John Taylor's _Trauels of Twelve-Pence_, 1630 folio (Spenser Soc. reprint, p. 82), this verse occurs:--

Far[2] though from _Earth_ man hath originall, And to the _Earth_, from whence he came doth fall, Though he be Earth, & can claime nought but earth, (As the fraile portion due vnto his birth) Yet many thousands that the earth doth breed, Haue no place (certain) where to lodge or feed.

The following lines occur in a small volume called _The Compleat Bell-Man, being a Pattern for all sorts of People to take notice of the most remarkable Times and Dayes in the Year_, by H. Crouch (seventeenth century). The book contains thirty-nine verses, for Saint-Days and Anniversaries chiefly, a few being on more general subjects. The last verse, No. 39, _Upon the day of Doom_, runs as follows:--

When Earth of Earth shall turn to Earth That was but Earth even from its Birth, Then Earth from Earth shall rise again To endlesse joy, or endlesse pain, Let Earth then serve and please his Maker That Earth of Heaven may be pertaker.

The following is an Epitaph on Roger Earth of Dinton, Wilts, died 1634 (see E. R. Suffling, _Epitaphia_, p. 81):--

From Earth wee came, to Earth wee must returne, Witness this EARTH that Lyes within this VRNE. Begott by EARTH: Borne also of Earth's WOMBE, 74 yeares lived EARTH, now Earth's his TOMBE. In Earth EARTH'S Body Lyes Vnder this STONE, But from this Earth to Heauen EARTH'S soule is gone.

Another later epitaph is quoted by Suffling, p. 339, from Loughter, Glamorganshire, without name or date:--

O Earth! O Earth observe this well, That Earth to Earth must go to dwell, That Earth to Earth must close remain Till Earth for Earth shall come again.

[Footnote 1: But this is not in agreement with Bateman's opinion as to the age of the original parchment roll (1400-1430), see Introduction, p. xi.]

[Footnote 2: ? for.]

APPENDIX I.

The three following _Erthe_ poems, in Latin, French, and English respectively, were discovered too late for inclusion in the text. They represent renderings of the same poem in the three languages, and are preserved on the back of a Roll[1] in the Public Record Office, containing a copy of the Ordinances of the fifth year of Edward II (of which other copies exist in the British Museum, the Record Office, and the Treasury at Canterbury). The poems in question are written on the back of the Roll, towards the end, the Latin and French in parallel columns, and the English below, five verses under the Latin, and four under the French. They are preceded by a number of Latin recipes in another hand, and a few in French follow. The handwriting of the poems is smaller and neater than that of the Ordinances, or the Latin recipes, but was ascribed by Hunter[2] to the time of Edward II, and may perhaps be assigned to the fourteenth century. The French is fourteenth-century Anglo-French, and the texts probably belong to that century, though this copy of them may not have been made until after 1400.

A nineteenth-century transcript of the poems exists in the British Museum, Addit. MS. 25478 (fol. 1-3), described in the Catalogue as containing 'Transcripts of miscellaneous English poetry, with a few Latin pieces, chiefly derived from MS. sources: xivth to xixth century'. The binding is marked 'Collectanea Hunteriana', and the MS. was acquired with various others of the Hunter collection in 1863. The handwriting varies, and these three poems are not in Hunter's own hand. The transcript is headed 'Copy of a Poem in Latin, French, and English, which is written in a hand of the reign of Edward II, on the dorse of a Roll which contains a copy of the ordinances of the fifth year of Edward II, which are printed in the Statutes of the Realm I. 157-168'. The text given below has been collated with this transcript, and variant readings in the latter given in the footnotes under the name Hunter (H.).

The British Museum transcript was discovered by Miss Helen Sandison of Bryn Mawr, U.S.A., who kindly acquainted me with her discovery, and was of great assistance in the search for the original Roll, which was eventually found in a bundle awaiting rearrangement at the Record Office. A large stain on the original text has rendered a considerable portion of the Latin and a few words in the French almost illegible, and Hunter's transcript has left blanks at these points. Mr. S. C. Ratcliff, of the Record Office, has given me much kind and courteous assistance in deciphering the missing words, thanks to which I have been able to fill up all the gaps, except that in verse 8, l. 3 of the Latin. Hunter's text at this point runs as follows:--

4. l. 4. Sic t'ra put^{e}dinis . . . t're venas.

6. l. 4. Terra t'rã faciat flere ieu . . . . .

7. De t'ra resurg'e t'ra deb . . . . . . . . Et quod t'ra meruit . . . . . . . . Hic dum terra vix'it . . . . . . . Ut in t'ra valeat . . . . . dere

8. Adu'sus t'rigenas . . . . terra stabit Et t'ra int'roga . . . . . . . . abit Terra finem cap . . . . . . . gabit Quod terra promiserat t'ra . . . urgabit.

and in the French:--

9. l. 2. Sayt cydaunt a la tere qe tere soit sauve . . . . . . . eyne de tere ou tere est benure.

RECORD OFFICE ROLL (Ex^r. K. R. Parl. Proc., Bdle. 1).

[Transcriber's Note: The following text was printed on two pairs of facing pages:

pg. 42 Latin Text | French Text pg. 43 stz. 1-5 | stz. 1-5 ------------|------------ English Text| English Text stz. 1-3.2 | stz. 3.3-5

pg. 44 Latin Text | French Text pg. 45 stz. 6-11 | stz. 6-10 ------------|------------ English Text| English Text stz. 6-7 | stz. 8-9

For this e-text, the three versions have been combined into complete Latin, French and English poems. Parenthetical notations such as (in left column) are in the original. Footnote numbering reflects the original layout.]

LATIN TEXT (in left column).

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 2, r^o] 1 In terra cu{m} terra sit fraude p{er}quisita, Terra t{er}re v{er}mib{us} sic put{r}essit trita, Terra t{er}ra{m} deseret, erit et finita, Terra tu{n}c a terren[i]s[3] mox erit oblita. 4

2 Terra p{er} sup{er}bia{m} terram cum ascendit, Terra tu{n}c cupidine t{er}ram comp{re}hendit, Terra morti p{ro}ximans t{er}ra{m} dat et vendit, Ad t{er}ra{m} viuenciu{m} t{er}ra manus tendit. 8

3 Terra t{er}ra{m} speculans no{n} iustificari, Et ad t{er}re t{er}minu{m} t{er}ra{m} inclinari. Terra t{er}re s{er}uiens vult[4] refrigerari, Et t{er}ra t{er}ribilis in terra locari. 12

4 In t{er}ra q{u}id possidet t{er}ra nisi penas Q{u}ando t{er}ra respicit t{er}ra{m} lite plenas, Et t{er}ra{m} defic{er}e tanq{uam} t{er}re tenas, Sic t{er}ra put{r}edinis intrat[5] terre venas? 16

5 Terra no{n} co{n}siderat t{er}ra{m} firma mente, Atq{ue} t{er}ra labit{ur} in t{er}ra{m} repente, Terra{m} suo sang{u}ine t{er}ra redimente, Terra{m} potens eruit de t{er}ra dolente. 20

6 Terra q{u}ando respicit t{e}rra{m} t{er}minare, Terra t{er}ra{m} debuit sese castigare, Terra t{er}ra{m} valeat vt humiliare, Terra t{er}ra{m} faciat flere ieiunare[19]. 24

7 De t{er}ra resurg{er}e t{er}ra debet vere[19], Et quod t{er}ra meruit t{er}ra[19] possidere[19], Hic du{m} t{er}ra vix{er}it t{er}ra[19] valet[19] flere[19], Ut in t{er}ra valeat t{er}ra[19] post[19] gaudere[19]. 28

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 2, v^o] 8 Adu{er}sus t{er}rigenas q{u}ando[19] terra stabit, Et t{er}ra{m} int{er}rogans t{er}ra[19] tu{n}c[19] culpabit[19], Terra fine{m} cap[ia]t t{er}ra{m}[19] . . . gabit[20], Quod t{er}ra p{ro}mis{er}at t{er}ra tu{n}c[19] negabit[21]. 32

9 In t{er}ra q{u}i mortuus & in t{er}ra natus Ffuit[22], t{er}ram p{ro}tegat sic & t{er}re[23] gratus, Vt in t{er}ra quilibet de t{er}ra formatus, Terre ponat t{er}minu{m} t{er}re comendatus. 36

10 In t{er}ra cu{m} Ang{e}li t{er}ra{m} suscitabunt, In t{er}ra terribiles tube resonabunt, De t{er}ra t{er}rigene corpora leuabunt, Et ad t{er}re judice{m} terre tunc clamabunt. 40

11 O tu terre do{mi}ne! t{er}re miserere, Et t{er}ra respiciens terenos tuere, In t{er}ra deficim{us}, terra sumus vere, Nos in t{er}ra gl{or}ie t{er}ram fac videre. 44

FRENCH TEXT (in right column).

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 1, r^o] 1 Q{u}ant t{er}re auera en[9] terre large terre gayne, & t{er}re s{er}ra en terre a la mort liuere, Puis ert tere en tere de v{er}myne mange, Dounc vendra tere en tere & toust ert oblie. 4

2 Q{u}ant tere sour t{er}re de orgoyl descline, & tere ils[10] [vers] tere par coueitise encline, Dounc tere ils[10] [vers] tere se treit a Ruyne, & tere a haute tere requeit medicine. 8

3 Q{u}ant tere ne peot de t{er}re la malueste sourueyndre, Par force deit tere de t{er}re te{m}ptaciouns esteyndre, Encontre la fiele tere sa tere deit refreyndre, Q{u}ant tere leue en tere face sa tere moyndre. 12

4 Quey ad tere de tere forq{u}e dolour & peygne Q{u}ant tere veyt en terre soun enemi demeygne, & tere coust en tere a la mort c{er}teyne[11], & tere pase en tere par frelete humeyne? 16

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 1, v^o] 5 O tu cheytiue tere de tere, remembrez Vo{us} estes pris de tere & tere deuendrez, Pensez[12] coment en tere & par tere pecchez, & tere fiust en tere tant fortment[13] rechatez. 20

6 Quant tere veyt q{ue} tere se treit a la mort, & tere nad en tere forq{ue} poure confort, Q{u}ant tere moert[25] en tere ni ad nul resort, Merueille est q{ue} tere de tere nad retort. 24

7 Q{u}ant tere[26] deit de tere leuer sodeynement, Tere vendra en tere p{u}r oy{e}r jugement, Dounc auera tere en tere dolour & t{u}rment, Si tere neit fet en tere bon amendement. 28

8 Angel{e}s vendrount en tere la tere resusciter, & dirrount a la tere de tere couent leuer, Deuant le Roy de tere en tere deuez aller[27], Q{u}e[28] soffri en tere p{u}r tere dolour amer. 32

9 Jesu, q{u}e p{u}r la tere en tere fiust ne, Soyt eydaunt[29] a la tere q{u}e tere soit sauue, & nos meyne[30] de tere ou tere est benure, Kar si sumes en tere par tere t{u}rmente[31]. 36

10 Dolour est en tere par tere & par mer, Ffaus est tere en tere & tere desir auer, Pluis ne voil en tere ore[32] de tere chaunter. Dieu deynt tere en tere de viuauns habiter. Amen. 40

ENGLISH TEXT (in left column, below Latin)

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 3, r^o] 1 Whanne eorthe hath eorthe wiþ wrong igete, And eorthe in eorthe biginneþ to alete, And eorthe i{n} eorthe wiþ wormes is afrete, Thanne eorthe is on eorthe sone for[gh]ete. 4

2 Wanne eorthe ouer eorthe þorw p{r}ude styeþ, And eorthe toward eorthe þorw coueytise wryeþ, & eorthe into eorthe toward þe deþ hyeþ, Þanne eorthe a[gh]eyn eorthe toward heuene c{r}ieþ.[6] 8

3 Whan eorthe juynt eorthe so luþ{er}[7] to awelden, & eorthe on þ{a}t eorthe allewey[8] bi helden, & eorthe on eorthe sone bigynneþ for to elden, Hou may þat[14] eorthe on eorthe wo[14] belden? 12

4 What haueþ eorthe on eorthe bote pou[gh]t[15] and[15] wo, Whan eorthe iseoþ[16] eorthe his dedliche fo, & eorthe into eorthe so sone gynneþ guo, & eorthe iworthe to eorthe alle we sullen so? 16

5 Alas why naþ eorthe[17] in eorthe is þou[gh]t, Hou eorthe is on eorthe wiþ synnes of-sou[gh]t, & eorthe was in eorthe so mychfulliche ibou[gh]t, Þ{a}t eorthe þorw eorthe ne foelle[18] to nou[gh]t? 20

(in right column, below French)

6 Whan eorthe iseoþ eorthe to endinge drawe, & eorthe on eorthe wiþ deþ is islawe, & eorthe on eorthe wiþ wormes in ignawe, Þanne eorthe may eorthe hi{m} seluen iknawe. 24

[MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 3, v^o] 7 Wan eorthe ssal of eorthe netfulliche aryse, & eorthe on eorthe ihere þilke assise Þer eorthe ne may eorthe noþer[24] lere ne wise, Þanne eorthe sal on eorthe g{r}imliche agrise. 28

8 Þa{n}ne eorthe sal to eorthe holden gret cheste, & eorthe asken eorthe were is hiere byheste Þ{a}t eorthe byhet eorthe allewey to leste, Wanne eorthe t{ur}neþ to eorthe toward Helle feste. 32

9 Houre Lou{er}d þ{a}t on eorthe for eorthe was iboren, On eorthe of eorthe wiþ wounden to-toren, Wyte eorthe fro{m} eorthe þ{a}t ne be furloren, & b{r}inge eorthe to þ{a}t eorthe þer beþ his icoren. 36

Amen.

It will be seen that the Latin and French versions do not correspond exactly with the English text, the French in particular being a mere paraphrase of it, but this was, no doubt, largely due to the exigencies of the rime. The French text has ten stanzas as against nine in the English poem, and the Latin has eleven, the additional stanzas being an expansion of the theme after the manner of Anglo-Latin poems of the kind. It is evident both from the variant attempts at expansion of the text in the Latin and French, and from the greater freshness and more skilful use of the play on the word _erthe_ of the English text, that the latter is the original, and this supports the view already expressed (Introd. p. xxxiii) as to the relation of the English and Latin versions in MS. Harl. 913. It is improbable, at least, that the _Erthe upon Erthe_ poems should all be derived from two Latin poems, the differences between which are too great to admit of a common original, but which were both translated into English verse, and became, in course of time, modified and popularized. On the other hand, the fact that one fourteenth-century poem of the kind had been supplied with a Latin rendering might easily account for an attempt at Latin and French translations in the case of a second, and there seems to be reason for believing that the author of the latter text was acquainted with the poem in MS. Harl. 913. As has been already noted in the Introduction (p. xxxii), the first line of the English version corresponds in idea with that of the text in MS. Harl. 913:

Whan erþ haþ erþ iwanne wiþ wow.

and in actual wording with that of the _Song on the Times_:

When erthe hath erthe i-gette.

Otherwise no verbal connexion can be traced with any of the texts of _Erthe upon Erthe_, though the phrase _eorthe on eorthe_ recurs four times, and there is, of necessity, some similarity of treatment and idea. Thus the remainder of verse 1 contains a reference to the destruction by worms, mentioned in MS. Harl. 913, v. 2, and in the Cambridge text, vv. 7 and 13, as well as to the proverb that the dead are soon forgotten, cf. MS. Harl. 913, v. 4 (Introd. p. xxxi); verse 5 exhorts man to think of death, as does v. 6 of the B Version; and the poem ends with a prayer, as do MSS. Harl. 4486, Lambeth, Laud, Titus, and Rawl. P., as well as Rawl. C., and the Cambridge text. But the wording, and, in the two latter cases, the treatment, is different, and the general similarity is less than might he expected from the triteness of the theme. Both the A and the B Version lay stress on the contrast between man's present earthly glory and his future mingling with the dust, whereas the text in the Appendix dwells on the inevitableness of death, the pains of death, and the future judgement (only mentioned here and in MS. Harl. 913). The poem appears to represent an individual treatment of the subject, suggested perhaps by the text in MS. Harl. 913, with its Latin rendering, and possibly also influenced by the _Song on the Times_ in the same MS. It may be regarded as being ultimately based, like MS. Harl. 913, on the short stanzas current at the beginning of the fourteenth century, and as furnishing additional evidence of the early popularity of the theme, a popularity which gave rise at first to individual poems like this and MS. Harl. 913, and later to the repetition and expansion of one common type as in the B Version. But, unlike MS. Harl. 913, this text stands apart from the more popular types of the poem, and has no connexion with either the B Version or the Cambridge text. It must therefore have been written before the short normal type of the B Version became current, and probably before it took shape as a poem of several stanzas, that is before 1400. The want of close connexion between it and the more usual types of the poem given above, makes the omission of it from the text the less to be regretted, since it represents a side-issue rather than a link in the development of the poem as here treated.

[Footnote 1: Ex^r. K. R. Parl. Proceedings, Bdle. 1 (Old No. 645/21).]

[Footnote 2: Joseph Hunter, the antiquary (1783-1861), Sub-Commissioner of the Public Records 1833, Assistant-Keeper of the Records 1838.]

[Footnote 3: MS. _aterrens_ as one word.]

[Footnote 4: MS. _wlt_.]

[Footnote 5: this word is very obscure, and is omitted by Hunter; portions of _nt_ and the second _t_ can be seen.]

[Footnote 6: H. _b^{i}reþ_.]

[Footnote 7: H. _luþ_.]

[Footnote 8: the MS. has a gap after _allewey_ with space for a word of five or six letters, but there is no erasure nor trace of any omission.]

[Footnote 9: inserted above the line.]

[Footnote 10: MS. has _ils_, surely a scribal error; the original had probably _u{er}s_ = _vers 'towards'_, with the MS. compendium for _er_, written over and confused with the second stroke of the _u_ so as to look like _il_.]

[Footnote 11: H. _e'teyne_.]

[Footnote 12: H. _peisez_.]

[Footnote 13: H. _foilment_.]

[Footnotes 14, 15: _in fresher ink above the line._]

[Footnote 16: MS. _isoeþ_.]

[Footnote 17: above the line.]

[Footnote 18: MS. _foelle_; ? _falle_.]

[Footnote 19: All words marked [19] are omitted in H.'s transcript, the MS. at this point being stained and obscure.]

[Footnote 20: Professor Robinson Ellis suggests _obiu{r}gabit_ here, which would fit the space: there is room for 2-3 letters, and possibly a trace of an _r_ contraction.]

[Footnote 21: H. _urgabit_.]

[Footnote 22: obscure, H. _fuit_; MS. might be _ffinit_.]

[Footnote 23: H. _t'roe_.]

[Footnote 24: H. _neþer_.]

[Footnote 25: H. _mo ert_.]

[Footnote 26: inserted in margin; H. omits.]

[Footnote 27: H. _aler_.]

[Footnote 28: H. _le_.]

[Footnote 29: H. _sayt cydaunt_.]

[Footnote 30: H. _. . . . . . eyne_.]

[Footnote 31: H. _t^{r}menti_.]

[Footnote 32: H. _ou_.]

APPENDIX II.

#B# VERSION 19.

MS. TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE R. 3. 21. [fol. 33, v^o.]

(This text represents the normal seven-stanza type of the B version, but without precise verbal agreement with any text printed above.)

[Transcriber's Note: The initial "E" is printed in the middle of a large blank space, E.E.T.S. notation for a decorative capital.]

1 [E]rthe vppon erthe so wondyrly wrought, Erthe opon erthe hath gete a dignite of nought, Erthe opon erthe hath set all hys thought How erthe opon erthe may on hyght be brought. 4

2 Erthe opon erthe wold be a kyng; But how that erthe goth to erthe thynketh he nothyng. When erthe byddyth erthe hys rent home bryng, Than erthe from erthe hath full hard partyng. 8

3 Erthe opon erthe wynneth castelles and towres; Than seyth erthe to erthe: 'Thys ys all owres'. When erthe opon erthe hath bylde halles and bowres, Then shall erthe fro erthe suffre sharpe showres. 12

4 Erthe goth opon erthe as molde opon molde, Erthe goth opon erthe and glytereth as golde, Lyke as erthe to erthe neu{er} go sholde. And yet shall erthe to erthe rather then he wolde. 16

5 Why erthe loueth erthe wondyr I may thynke, Or why erthe for erthe wyll other swete or s[w]ynke, Ffor when erthe in-to erthe ys brought w{i}t{h}yn the brynke, Than shall erthe of erthe haue a foule stynke. 20

6 Lo erthe opon erthe consider{e} well thow may How erthe co{m}meth to erthe nakyd alway. Why shuld erthe than opon erthe go stout and gay Seth erthe in-to erthe shall passe in a pore aray? 24

7 I counsell erthe opon erthe that wykkyd hath wrought, Whyle erthe ys opon erthe to torne vp hys thought, And pray God opon erthe that all erthe hath wrought, That erthe out of erthe to blysse may be brought. Amen. 28 Memorare nouissima.

#B# VERSION 20.

MS. TRINITY COLLEGE CAMBRIDGE B. 15. 39. [fol. 170.]

This text (in MS. not written in metrical lines) preserves 9 stanzas of the 12-stanza version in MSS. Lambeth and Laud, and appears to represent a distinct and perhaps older copy of the original of these two. The mistake in v. 8 precludes its being the original.

De terra plasmasti me, _etc._

1 [1]Erþe out of erþe is wondirli wrou[gh]t, Erþe of erþe haþ gete a dignite of nou[gh]t, Erþe vpon erþe haþ sett al his þou[gh]t, Howe þat erþe vpon erþe may be hi[gh] brou[gh]t. 4

2 Erþe vpon erþe wolde ben a king; But how erþe schal to erþe þenkiþ he no þing; Whanne þan erþe biddiþ erþe hise rentis hoom bring, Þanne schal erþe out of erþe haue a piteuous p{ar}tinge. 8

3 Erþe vpon erþe wy{n}neþ castels and tours, Þanne seiþ erþe to erþe: 'þis is all ouris.' Whanne erþe vpon[2] erþe [haþ biggid][3] up his bouris, Þan schal erþe for erþe for[4] suffre scharpe schouris. 12

4 Erþe gooþ upon erþe as molde upon moolde, So gooþ erþe upon erþe al glitiringe in golde, Lijk as erþe vnto erþe neu{er}e go scholde, And [gh]it schal erþe vnto erþe raþir þan he wolde. 16

5 O þou [fol. 170, v^o] wrecchid erþe þat in þe erþe trauellist ni[gh]t & day, To florische þe erþe, to peinte þe erþe wiþ wantowne aray, [Gh]it schalt þou erþe for al þi erþe, make þou it neu{er}e so queinte or gay, Out of þis erþe in-to þe erþe, þere to klinge as a clot of clay. 20

6 O wrecchid man whi art þou proud þat art of erþe makid? Hidir brou[gh]tist þou no schroud, but pore come þou and nakid. Whanne þi soule is went out & þi bodi in[5] erþe rakid, Þan bi [bodi][6] þat was rank & bilouid of al men is bihatid. 24

7 Out of þis erþe cam to þis erþe þis wantinge grarnement[7]; To hide þis erþe, to happe þis erþe, to him was cloþing lent; But now[8] gooþ erþe upon erþe, ruli raggid & rent, Þerfore schal erþe vndir þe erþe haue hidous turment. 28

8 Þ{er}fore þ{o}u erþe vpon erþe þat wikkidli hast wrou[gh]t, While þat erþe is upon erþe turne a[gh]en þi þou[gh]t, & pray to God vpon erthe þat [al þe erþe haþ][9] wrou[gh]t, Þat erþe vpon erþe to blis may be brou[gh]t. 32

9 Now Lord þat erþe madist for erþe & suffridist peines ille, Lete neu{er}e þis erþe for þis erþe mischeue ne spille, But þat þis erþe in þis erþe be euere worchinge þi wille, So that erþe fro þis erþe stie vp to þin hi[gh] hille. AMEN. 36

Memento homo quod cinis es. et in cinerem reuerteris. Ffac bene dum viuis. post mortem viu{er}e si vis.

A man þat wilneþ for to p{ro}fite in þe wey of p{er}fecciou{n} & souvereinli to plese God. he muste studie bisili for to haue þese maters in his herte þat folewiþ here aftir.

First biþenke þee [etc.]

[Footnote 1: MS. erron. begins with a capital _D_.]

[Footnote 2: Crossed out in MS.]

[Footnote 3: Omitted in MS.]

[Footnote 4: So in MS.]

[Footnote 5: MS. _is_ erron. for _in_]

[Footnote 6: Omitted in MS.]

[Footnote 7: erron. for _garnement_]

[Footnote 8: _erþe vpon erþe_ inserted after _now_ in MS. and crossed out.]

[Footnote 9: MS. erroneously repeats, from l. 29, _þat vickidli hast wrou[gh]t_.]

GLOSSARY.

[Transcriber's Note: Entries shown in [[double brackets]] are from the author's Addenda, referring to the English text in Appendix I (pages 42-45). Yogh [gh] is alphabetized as g, thorn þ as th.]

Abbey, _sb._ 13.6. _perh. erron. for_ nobley. [[Afrete, _pp._ devoured, eaten 42.3.]] Agaste, _a._ aghast 25.54. Agayn(e), ageyn, a[gh]en, ayen, _adv._ again 13.30, 15.45, 21.34, 24.20, 28.54; _prep._ against 38.47. A[gh]enrisynge, _sb._ resurrection 15.41. [[Agrise, _vb._ tremble, quake 44.28.]] Al, all, _a._ 28.49, 53. [[Alas, _int._ 43.17.]] Ale, _sb._ 25.60. [[Alete, _vb._ to let go, forsake 42.3.]] Almis, _sb._ alms 24.24. Also, _adv._ 28.37, 34.73. Alway(e), all(e) way(e), _adv._ always 7.14, 9.22, 10.22, 25.32, 29.58, &c. Amende, _vb. imp._ 24.18. Amys, _adv._ amiss 34.68. Answerid, _vb. 3 p. pr._ answereth 2.25. Apone, ap(p)one, _prep._, _var. of_ upon 6.3, 5, 9, 7.1, 2, 3, 9.1, 2, &c. Ar, 3.50. ? _erron. for_ a. Aray(e), array, _sb._ array 7.16, 8.26, 19.18, 21.64, 30.24, &c., &c. [[Aryse, _vb._ arise 44.25.]] Askeþ, askiþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ 2.25, 39. [[Assise, _sb._ the Judgement 44.26.]] Auyse, _vb. imp._ bethink thyself, consider 22.98. Awaked, _vb. pr. pl._ awaken 1.6. Away, _adv._ 30.22, 31.22. [[Awelden, _vb._ wield, rule 42.9.]] Ay, _adv._ aye 25.58.

Bare, _a._ 22.88. Be, _vb._ 5.4, 5, 6.4, 5, &c., &c.; _imp._ 3.63, 22.97, 24.23; _subj._ 13.9, 14.35, &c; _2 p. pr._ art 1.5, 15.24, 45, 19.21; _3 p. pr._ is, ys 2.16, 17, 40, 42, 3.49, 50, 7.1, &c., es 6.1, 10, 19; _pr. pl._ be, beth 2.38, 3.66, 7.10, 28.43, 45, bythe 13.14, byne 25.52, ar 30.10, 31.10, 33.45; _2 p. p._ were 1.5, 2.29, 22.92; _3 p. p._ was 15.29, 21.40, 23.101, &c.; _p. pl._ were 27.21, 28.27. Before, beffore, byfore, _adv._ before 28.44, 52. _prep._ 22.100, 33.50. Begilynge, _sb._ beguiling 23.106. Begynnynge, _sb._ beginning 23.102. Begynnys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ begins 3.51; _3 p. p._ began 28.31, 32.14; _pp._ bigun 2.29. Beholde, _vb. imp._ behold 12.25. Behynde, _prep._ behind 33.50. [[Belden, _vb._ build up 43.12.]] Beriþ, berriþ, berys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ bears 2.15, 28, 33.53. Beste, _a._ best 12.21. Bete, _pp._ beaten 23.116. Betyme, _adv._ betimes 24.18, 25.57. Be ware, _vb. imp._ beware 22.97, 33.38. Biddethe, biddis, biddith, bydd-es, -eth, -is, -ys, -yth(e), bydyth, _vb. 3 p. pr._ bids 5.7, 7.7, 8.9, 9.7, 10.7, &c.; _3 p. p._ bade 25.36. Biddyngis, _sb._ biddings 23.124. Bigged, biggid, -it, bygged(e), -id, -it, -yd, -yt, _pp._ built, 6.11, 7.11, 10.11, 12.11, 13.15, 14.14, 17.13, 19.11, 30.11, 31.11, 32.7; ON. byggja. Bihatid, _pp._ hated 15.27. [[Bi-holden, _vb._ keep, retain 42.10.]] Bild, _vb. imp._ build 3.64; _2 p. pr._ bildist 22.79; _3 p. pr._ bilt, 3.65, byldyth 5.13; _pp._ bildyd, billid, bylde, byllyd, 5.11, 8.13, 11.11, 20.22, 27.11. Bink, bynk, _sb._ bank 30.19, 31.19. L. Scots. Blak, blayke, _a._ black 3.66, 34.64. Blesse, _sb._, _var. of_ blis, bliss 29.6. Blis, blys, blysse, _sb._ bliss 4.77, 7.24, 8.30, 9.28, 10.28, &c. Blode, _sb._ blood 25.46. Blynde, _a._ blind 25.37. Blyssed, _pp._ blessed 34.75. Bodi, body, _sb._ 15.26, 27, 17.25, 26, 34.73. Bold, _sb._ dwelling 3.64. Bold, _a._ 28.42. Bon, _sb._ bone 22.88. Borowes, _sb. erron. for_ bowres, bowers 10.11. Both, _pron._ 28.41. Bour(e)s, bour(r)is, bourys, bowres, -is, -ys, _sb. pl._ bowers 3.66, 5.11, 6.11, 8.13, 9.11, 12.11, 14.14, 17.13, 27.11, &c. Bou[gh]te, _pp. erron. for_ bro[gh]t 26.70. Brede, _sb._ bread 25.60. Bredis, _vb. 3 p. pr._ breeds 6.7; (perh. erron. for _biddis_); _3 p. p._ brede 33.45. Brente, _pp._ burnt 10.19. Brether, _sb. pl._ brothers 28.44. Bring, bryng(e), _vb._ 5.7, 6.7, 7.7, 14.10, &c.; _imp._ bryng 33.27; _2 p. p._ broght, brou[gh]ttist, broutyst 15.25, 17.24, 19.22; _pp._ brocht, bro(u)ght(e), broht, brou[gh]t(e), brouþt, browt(h)e, 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.6, 9.3, 10.4, 28, 13.8, 14.7, 30.4, &c. Brink(e), brynk(e), _sb._ brink (of the grave) 5.19, 6.19, 15.34, 17.33, 27.19, &c.; _pl._ brynkes 10.19. Byggis, bygith, -yth, _vb. 3 p. pr._ builds _v._ bigged 12.9, 34.63. [[Byheste, _sb._ promise 45.30.]] [[Byhet, _vb. 3 p. pr._ promises 45.31.]] Byrthe, _sb._ birth 26.72.

Calle, _sb._ summons 12.23. Callyd, _vb. 3 p. p._ called, named 32.12. Carayne, caryon, _sb._ carrion 2.39, 24.30. Care, _sb._ care, anxiety 24.11. Case, _sb._ 26.64. Cast, _vb._ 34.61. Castles, castells, casteles, castels, castells, -es, -is, -ys, castylles, _sb. pl._ castles 3.65, 5.9, 6.9, 7.9, 8.11, 9.9, &c., &c. Certayn, certeyn, _a._ certain 28.53, 56. [[Cheste, _sb._ strife, dispute 45.29; OE. cêast, _older_ cêas, L. causa.]] Chyn, chynne, _sb._ chin 2.17, 32.26. Clay(e), _sb._ 15.23, 17.22, 19.20, 21.68. Clinge, clynge, klyng, _vb._ to shrink up, decay 15.23, 17.22, 19.20, 21.68. Cf. _E. E. Allit. P._ A. 856, oure corses in clottez clynge, _Hymns to Virgin and Christ_, p. 85, in coold clay now schal y clinge. Closed, closit, _pp._ enclosed, shut up 28.39, 30.19, 31.19. Clot, clotte, _sb._ clot of clay, a hardened lump of earth, 15.23, 17.22, 19.20, 21.68; _replaced by_ NE. clod. Cloth, _sb._ 32.24, 33.53. Cloth, _vb. imp._ clothe 25.36. Clothing(e), _sb._ 15.29, 17.28, 21.40. Cold(e), _sb._ 12.15, 28.43, 34.72. Com, _vb._ come 12.23; _2 p. pr._ commys 25.32; _3 p. pr._ comes, comeþ, commeth, comyth(e), commyth 7.14, 8.24, 9.22, 10.22, &c.; _2 p. p._ cam 17.24, cem(e) 15.25, 19.22; _pl._ com 28.54. Commandmentis, _sb. pl._ commandments, 25.42. Concele, concell, consaill, consell, consylle, counsall, counsill, cowncelle, cowsayl, _vb. 1 p. pr._ counsel, advise 7.21, 8.27, 9.25, 10.25, 11.25, 26.67, 29.3, 61, 30.25, 31.25. Conclusion, _sb._ close, termination, 28.36. Consayfe, _vb._ conceive, grasp, understand 25.31. Consider(e), consedur, considder, considdir, consyder(e), consydre, _vb._ consider 7.13, 10.21, 11.21, 13.25, 15.36, 29.57, 30.21, 31.21. [[Coueytise, _sb._ covetousness 42.6.]] Coveytous, _sb._ covetousness 33.55, _Conf. of ending for_ covetise, OF. coveitise. Cf. _Paston Letters_, No. 582, II. 313, the unkyndnesse and covetuse that was shewed me. [[Crieþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ cries 42.8.]] Crose, _sb._ cross 25.46. Crownnys, _sb. pl._ crowns 27.24. Crystyn, _a._ Christian 11.28.

Dai, day(e), _sb._ day 4.78, 8.24, 15.20, 21.62, 32.22. Dare, _vb. subj._ need 34.58; ME. thar for tharf, OE. þearf; _from confusion with_ dare, OE. dearr. Dart, _sb._ 28.50. Dede, _sb._ deed 4.78; _pl._ deden, dedis 2.15, 25.54. [[Dedliche, _a._ deadly 43.14.]] Dedly, _a._ deadly, mortal 22.78, 23.128. Delful, dolfull, _a._ sorrowful, doleful 1.4, 7.8, 33.28; OF. doel, duel, deol, mod. F. deuil. Deliþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ divides, separates 4.78. Depairting, _sb._ separation, parting 30.8, 31.8. Dere, _vb._ harm, injure 28.50; OE. derian. Deth(e), deeþ, _sb._ death 5.24, 8.3, 9.30, 31, 13.3, 4, 14.2, &c.; _gen._ dethis 22.70. Deyle, _vb. imp._ distribute 25.43. Dignite, dignitie, dignyte, dignytie, dygnite, dygnyte, dyngnyte, _sb._ high estate or position, honour 6.2, 11.2, 12.4, 14.5, 16.4, 19.2, 20.8, 27.2, 30.2, 31.2. Disgesily, _adv._ strangely, extraordinarily 21.42; OF. desguisié, disguised. Do, _vb._ 34.68; _3 p. pr._ doþe, dooþ, doith, dose 7.17, 14.2, 22.94, 25.54; _pl._ don 33.33; _imp._ do 26.73; _pl. p._ did 28.44; _p. pr._ doynge 23.130; _pp._ do, don 23.115, 122, 34.66. Doluyn, _pp._ buried 23.113. Dome, _sb._ judgement 4.76. Draught, draut, drawght(e), draw[gh]t, _sb._ drawing of a bow, bowshot 5.24, 8.3, 9.31, 13.4, 14.2. Cf. R. Brunne _Chron. Wace_ (c. 1330) 862, al vnwylland þat draught he drow. Drawe, _vb._ draw 14.1; _3 p. pr._ drawethe, drawith, drawyth(e) 5.24, 8.3, 9.31, 13.4, 20.3; _3 p. p._ droh, drow 1.2, 4. Dred(e), _vb. imp._ dread 4.76, 23.117. Dredfull, _a._ dreadful, terrible 28.50. Drynkis, _sb. pl._ drinking feasts 22.86. Duly, _adv._ duly, rightly 25.43. Dute, _sb._ duty, dues 5.7. Dwelle, dweylle, _vb._ dwell 22.80, 26.63; _3 p. pr._ dwellyth 34.65. Dye, _vb._ die 9.15; _3 p. p._ deyd 34.78.

Earth, eird, erth, erthe, herth, _sb._ earth 1.1, &c., &c. [[Elden, _vb._ to grow old 43.11.]] Empire, _sb._ 28.31. Enclyn, _vb._ incline, be disposed, desire 27.23. End, _vb._ 2.29. Ende, _sb._ end 4.73, 24.6, 26.66. [[Endinge, _sb._ 44.21.]] Endure, _vb._ 28.45. Ensure, _vb._ 28.46. Entent, _sb._ intent, purpose 34.57. Enuye, _sb._ envy 22.74. [[Eorthe, _sb._ earth 42.1, &c.]] Erþene, _a._ earthen 1.3. Erthly, _a._ earthly 33.55, 34.70. Est, _sb._ east, (_perh. erron. for_ erth) 34.79. Euer(e), _adv._ ever 14.35, 16.50, 18.49, 22.80, 23.130, 33.35, 36. Euerlastynge, _a._ everlasting 23.108. Evill, ewill, _a._ evil 30.20, 31.20. Ewyne, _sb._ even 25.51. For oode ne for ewyne, for odd nor even, on no account whatever. Cf. even and odd, all included, without exception. Exampul, _sb._ example 25.39. Excludid, _pp._ excluded 22.76.

Falle, _sb._ 12.22. Falliþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ falls, 1.3. Falshede, falshode, _sb._ falsehood 23.106, 110. Falsly, _adv._ falsely 33.50. Fane, fayne, _a._ fain 30.5, 31.5. Fare, _vb._ go 24.12. Fase, _sb. pl._ foes 12.28. Fast, _adv._ 34.60. Favtt, _vb. p. pl._ fought 25.44. Fayr, _a._ fair 33.42; _adv._ fayre 33.50. Fede, feden, _vb._ feed 2.14, 33.44. Fele, _sb._, _prob._ fell, moor 24.30; ON. fjallr. Felow, _sb._ fellow 22.92. Ferde, _pp._ afraid, terrified 12.24; OE. (for) f[-æ]red. Fere, _sb._ fear 28.52. Festis, _sb. pl._ feasts, 22.86. First, fyrst, _a. & adv._ 23.102, 28.31, 38, 32.14. Flesch, _sb._ flesh 33.45. Florische, florisshe, fflorysshe, _vb._ adorn, embellish 15.21, 17.20, 19.18, 21.63; OF. florir, floriss-. Flowre, _sb._ flower 28.38; _pl._ flowres 34.65. [[Foelle, _vb. subj._ ? fall 43.20.]] Folk, _sb._ 28.45. Foo, _sb._ foe 22.78; _pl._ fase 12.28. Forbere, _vb._ forbear 28.51. [[For[gh]ete, _pp._ forgotten 42.4.]] Forsake, _sb. subj._ 22.81, 23.109. Forsuthe, _int._ forsooth 12.28. Fote, _sb._ foot 23.114; _pl._ 32.22. Fovde _sb._ food 25.44. Foul(e), foulle, fovl, fowll(e), _a._ foul 5.20, 6.20, 8.22, 11.20, 22.77, 24.28, &c. Fowle, _sb._ evil, hurt 33.39. Cf. Sowdone of Babylone (c. 1400) 199, foule shall hem this day bifalle. _NE. sense of_ foul _as_ trip, collision, _not found in ME._ Frendschip, _sb._ friendship, 2.42. Frow, _adv._ (_glossed_ festine) swiftly, hastily 1.3; ON. frãr, swift. Fugure, _sb._ figure 28.47. Ful, full(e), _adv._ fully 5.24, 9.32, 13.4, &c. Fulfille, fulfyle, _vb._ fulfil 23.124, 25.42, 50. [[Furloren, _pp._ lost 46.35.]] Fyghtys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ fights, 34.60, _p. pl._ favtt 25.44. Fynd(e), _vb._ find 12.28, 33.49; _1 p. pr._ 25.39, 40. Fyne, _sb._ end 27.24.

Ga, gase, _v._ go, goest 6.16, 12.27, &c. Garnament, garnement, _sb. early form of _ garment 15.28, 17.27, 21.38. Gate, _sb._ gate 22.76. Gatis, _sb. pl._ way 12.27. Gay(e), _a._ 8.25, 9.23, 19.19, &c. Gersom, _sb._ treasure, 3.61; OE. gersume. Gett, _vb._ get 25.60; _3 p. pr._ get hit (? _erron. for_ getith, _glossed_ lucratur) 2.37, getyth 34.66; _3 p. p._ gete, gette 3.61, 10.2; _pp._ gete(n), getyn, goten, gottin, gotyn 3.53, 5.2, 6.2, 11.2, 13.6, 19.2, 30.2, &c. Gleterande, gleteryng(e), gletterant, _p. pr._ glittering 6.14, 8.16, 9.14, 13.18, 17.16, 20.32; _v._ Gliteringe. Glisteryng, _p. pr._ sparkling, glittering 11.15; MLG. glistern. Gliteringe, glitterand, glyt(t)ryng, glytteryng, _p. pr._ glittering 5.14, 12.13, 14.17, 19.14, 24.21, 30.15, 31.15; ON. glitra, to shine. Glydderande, glyd(e)ryng, _p. pr._ _for_ glitterande, &c. 7.18, 10.14, 27.14; _v._ Gliteringe. Glydys, _vb. 3 p. pr. for_ glytys, glitters 33.34; ON. glita, to shine. Go(e), gon, goo, [gh]a, _vb._ go 5.15, 16, 6.15, 16, 7.19, 22.82, &c.; _2 p. pr._ gase, goist 12.27, 22.70; _3 p. pr._ ge(e)th, goeth, gois, go(o)th(e), gos(e), goos, gott, goyth(e), 2.13, 28, 5.14, 6.13, 14, 8.16, 9.13, 14, 11.6, 12.13, 15, 14.16, 17, 30.6, 15, 22, 32.15, 19, &c.; _3 p. subj._ go 3.64; _imp._ go 25.47. God, _sb. n. pr._ 7.23, 8.29, 9.27, &c.; _gen._ Goddis 23.124. Gold(e), _sb._ 3.61, 5.14, 6.13, 14, &c. Good, _a._ 34.57. Goode, _sb._ property, 25.43; _pl._ goodis 23.112. Gospel, _sb._ 25.39. Govern, _vb._ 12.30. Grace, _sb._ 22.70, 26.61. Grauiþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ buries, covers up, 8.52; OE. grafan. Grawnte, _vb. subj._ grant 12.30. Grene, _a._ green 3.52. Gret(e), grit, _a._ great 21.44, 30.17, 31.12, 17, 33.52, 56, 34.80. [[Grimliche, _adv._ terribly 44.28.]] Grouer, _sb._ a kind of fur, 3.51; OF. gros vair, _opposed to_ menu vair, minever. Grounde, _sb._ bottom, 34.77; cf. OE. helle grund. Groy, _sb._ grey fur, 3.51, _erron. for_ grey, _or perhaps contamination of_ ME. gra, gro (ON. grãr) _with_ grey (OE. gr[-æ]g). Cf. Berners _Froiss._ II. ccii. 622, furred with Myneuere and gray. Grucche, _sb._ grudge 28.55. To strive of grucche, to strive against as a grievance. [[Guo, _vb._ go 43.15.]] [[Gynneþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ begins 43.15.]]

Haf(e), _vb._ have 6.8, 20, 10.8, 20, 12.8, 20, 22. Hallys, _sb. pl._ halls 32.5, 34.63. Hame, _sb._ home 30.7, 31.7. Hande, _sb._ 24.24. Happe, _vb._ wrap 15.29. Hard(e), herd, _a._ hard 6.8, 11.8, 12, 30.8, 31.8, &c. Hart, herte, _sb._ heart 25.46, 33.53. Hartily, hertili, hertly, _adv._ heartily 15.40, 18.39, 21.54. Haste, _sb._ 25.53. Hate, _sb._ 22.74. Hate, _vb._ hate; _3 p. pr._ hatid 2.26; _pp._ hated, hatid, hatyd(e) 5.23, 8.2, 9.30, 13.3, 14.1, 16.2, 17.26, 20.2. Hauntist, _vb. 2 p. pr._ practisest habitually 22.74. Haue, have, haf(e), _vb._ have 5.8, 20, 6.8, 20, 8.10, 22, 10.8, 20, &c.; _1 p. pr._ haue 28.44; _2 p. pr._ hase, hast(e), 12.25, 28, 13.29, &c.; _3 p. pr._ has(e), hath(e) 1.1, 2.27, 5.2, 3, 12.1, 11, &c.; hes 30.2, 11, 31.2, 11; _pr. pl._ haue 29.61; _imp._ haue 28.52; _3 p. subj._ haue 34.65; _3 p. p._ had(e), heuede 1.4, 29.3, 34.72. [[Haueþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ has 43.13.]] Hede, _sb._ head 25.48. Hede, _sb._ heed 24.5. Heere, here, _adv._ 16.48, 28.40, 45. Heghe, hey, _v._ hi[gh] 6.4, 11.4. Hel(e), hell, _vb._ hell 25.40, 58, 34.77. [[Helle-feste, _sb._ Hell-fortress 45.32.]] Helpe, _sb._ 26.72. Helpyne, _vb. 3 pl. pr._ help 25.52. Hend, _a._ gracious 4.75. Hennys, _adv._ hence 22.82. Herd, herte, hertili, _v._ Hard, Hart, Hartily. Hete, _sb._ heat 28.43. Heuen(e), heuyn, heyuyn(e), heywyn, _sb._ heaven 15.43, 19.24, 25.40, 52, 26.63, 34.82, &c. Heuy, _a._ heavy 9.8. Hicht, _sb._ height 30.4, 31.4. Hide, hyde, _vb._ 15.29, 17.28, 21.39. Hider, hidir, hyder, _adv._ hither 15.25, 17.24, 19.22. Hidiose, hidous, _a._ hideous 15.31, 17.30. Hi[gh], hihe, heghe, hey, hy(e), hy[gh], hygh(e), _a. & adv._ high 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.3, 10.4, 11.4, 11, 12.2, 13.8, 14.7, 16.6, 51, 19.4, 22.100; hiere (higher) 20.12. Hille, hylle, _sb._ hill 14.36, 16.51, 18.50, 23.132. Hold, _vb. 3 p. pr._ holdys 32.16; _pp._ hold 28.30. Hold, _a._ faithful 3.63. Holy, _a._ holy 23.132. Hom(e), hoom, whom(e), _sb._ home 5.7, 6.7, 11.7, 16.9, 24.9, &c.; _v._ hame. Honger, _sb._ hunger 34.72. Honour, _sb._ 27.22. Houe, hove, how(e) _conj._ how 5.4, 6, 6.4, 6, 7.4, 6, &c., &c. Hows, _sb._ house 32.26. Hundred, _num._ 2.18. [[Hyeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ hastens 42.7.]]

[[Iboren, _pp._ born 45.33.]] [[Ibou[gh]t, _pp._ redeemed 43.19.]] [[Icoren, _pp. a._ chosen ones 45.35.]] Idi[gh]te, _pp._ placed, set 2.38. [[Igete, _pp._ got 42.1.]] [[Ignawe, _pp._ devoured 44.23.]] [[Ihere, _vb._ hear 44.26.]] [[Iknawe, _vb._ know 44.24.]] Ilich, alike 1.5. Ille, ylle, _a. & adv._ ill 14.33, 16.48, 18.47, 23.122. Ilor, _pp._ lost 2.42; _v._ Loste. Imeten, _pp._ measured 3.54. Inow(e), ynoh, enough 1.2, 4, 32.18. [[Iseoþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ sees 43.14, 44.21.]] [[Islawe, _pp._ slain 44.22.]] Iustly, _adv._ justly 5.16. Iustyse, _sb._ justice, judge, 22.100. [[Iuynt, _vb. 3 p. pr._ joins 42.9.]] [[Iworthe, _vb._ become 43.16.]]

Karful, _a._ grievous, sad, full of care, 26.64. King, kyng(e), _sb._ 2.39, 5.5, 7.5, 8.7, 9.5, &c. Klyng, _v._ clinge. Kni[gh]t, knyght, _sb._ knight 2.39, 19.24. Know, _vb._ 27.23; _3 p. pr._ knowethe 9.21. Kny[gh]thode, _sb._ 28.38.

Labour, _vb._ 23.103. Ladis, _sb._ Lady's 26.72. Lang, long, _a._ 3.50, 64; _adv._ 28.45, 33.40. Lappe, _vb._ wrap 21.39. Last(e), _a._ 4.73, 12.23, 32.22; at þe last 33.39, 34.62. Late, lete, lett, _vb. imp._ let 14.34, 16.49, 18.48, 23.127, 25.51. Lay, _vb. 3 p. pr._ layes 32.3; _3 p. p._ leyd(e) 1.3, 27.24; _pp._ layd(e) 33.44, 54, 34.64. Lede, _vb. subj._ lead 25.58, 34.82. Leinþ, _sb._ length 3.54. Leniþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ rewards 4.78. OE. lêanian. Lent(e), y-lent, _pp._ lent, granted 15.29, 17.28, 21.40; OE. l[-æ]nan. [[Lere, _vb._ teach 44.27.]] [[Leste, _vb._ last 45.31.]] Lest(e), _conj._ 4.76, 25.58. Leve, lyffe, _vb._ live 19.24, 28.41, 33.35; _2 p. pr._ leuyst, leuuyst 25.50, 26.62; _3 p. pr._ lyueth 23.105; _imp._ lyffe 19.23; _3 p. p._ levyd 34.57. Lewe, _vb. imp._ leave 19.29. Lif(e), liif, lyf(e), lyffe, _sb._ life 2.15, 5.23, 8.2, 9.29, 13.3, 14.1, 16.1, 20.1. Li[gh]t, lyt, _vb._ alight, descend; _3 p. p._ lytyd 34.75; _pp._ li[gh]t 2.40. Like, lyk(e), _conj._ like 5.15, 6.15, 7.19, 8.17, 9.15, &c. List, lyst, _vb._ desire 28.47; _3 p. p._ liste 27.23. Liuerei, _sb._ livery, 3.52. Logege, _vb._ lodge 25.58. Loke, _vb. imp._ look 25.51. Lond, _sb._ land 4.73. Lord(e), _nom. pr._ 14.33, 16.48, 18.47, 23.125, 25.45. Loste, _vb. p. pl._ lost 28.28.; _v._ Ilor. Loth, _a._ loth, unwilling 33.54. Loue, _sb._ love 23.119, 25.45, 32.13. Loue, love, _vb._ love; _2 p. pr._ louyst 22.77; _3 p. pr._ loues, -is, -ys, 9.17, 10.17, 24.25, 33.29; loueth, -yth, loveth, -yth(e), loweth 5.17, 8.19, 11.17, 17.31, 27.17; lu(i)ffis, 6.17, 12.17, 30.17, 31.17; _pp._ loued, louyd(e) 5.23, 8.2, 9.29, 13.3, &c. [[Louerd, _sb._ Lord 45.33.]] Low[gh], _adv._ low 2.40. Lust, _sb._ desire 22.83. [[Luþer, _a._ wicked 42.9.]] Lutil, _adv._ little 3.50. Ly, _vb._ lie 32.26; _3 p. pr._ lyis 24.30; _pl. pr._ lye 26.32. Lyffe, lyneth, _v._ Leve. Lykyng, _p. pr._ pleasing, desirable 32.23.

Mai, may(e), _vb. pr. sg._ may 1.2, 5.4, 6.4, &c., &c.; _pl._ 28.45; _2 p. pr._ moue 25.56; _3 p. p._ myght, myth 7.4, 24, 9.3, 27.4. Maistri, _sb._ mastery, lordship 2.37; _pl._ maistres 12.26. Make, _vb. subj._ 15.22, 19.19, 21.66, 33.36; _2 p. pr._ mase 12.26; _3 p. pr._ maketh, -ith, -yth(e) 5.24, 8.3, 9.32, 14.2, 16.2; _2 p. p._ madist, -yst 14.33, 16.48, 18.47; _3 p. p._ mad(e) 26.69, 32.11, 34.69; maid 30.27, 31.27; _p. pr._ makyng 22.90; _pp._ made 20.14, 22.87, 23.101, 27.24; maked, -id, 1.5, 15.24, 17.23, 19.21. Man, mon, _sb._ man 4.71, 77, 5.17, 24, &c. Maner, _sb._ 22.96; any maner wise, any kind of way. Many, _a._ 11.12, 12.28, 34.76. Mast, _sb._ 34.59. Mede, _sb._ meed, reward 4.77, 33.43; _pl._ meden 2.16. Mekyl, _a._ much 33.49; _v._ Moche, myche. Mercy, _sb._ 25.50. Merwel, _sb._ marvel 24.25. Mi[gh]te, _sb._ power, might 2.37. Miseislich, _adv._ uncomfortably 3.54. Moche, myche, _a._ much 4.77; _adv._ 15.32; _v._ Mekyl. Moder, _sb._ mother 3.62. Mold, _sb._ mould, pattern, 3.62; OFr. modle. Mold(e), moolde, moulde, mowld(e), _sb._ mould, earth 5.13, 7.17, 9.13, 10.13, 11.13, 17.15, &c. Molys, _sb. pl._ moles 33.33. Mone, _sb._ moan 22.90. More, _adv._ 6.15, 28.34, 33.35, 36; moo 22.80; _a._ 28.40. Most(e), moost, _adv._ 5.23, 8.2, 14.1, &c. Moue, _vb. 2 p. pr._ may 25.56; see Mai. Muntid, _vb. 3 p. pr._ 2.16 (_glossed_ metitur) measures, appoints; OE. myntan, to intend, propose, hint. [[Mychfulliche, _adv._ greatly, at so great cost 43.19.]] Mynd(e), _sb._ 25.38, 33.36. Myrth(e), _sb._ mirth, joy 26.64, 66. Myscheue, _vb. subj._ come to grief, meet with misfortune 16.49, 18.48; OF. meschever. Myschyffe, _sb._ misfortune, evil plight 14.34. Mysdon, misdone 34.66. Myse, _vb._ miss 26.64. Mysgete, _p._ misgotten 23.112. Mysplese, _vb._ displease 15.43, 17.42, 21.60.

Naked, nakid, -it, -yd(e), -yt, _a._ naked 5.24, 7.14, 8.24, 15.37, 25.32, &c. Namyd, _vb. 3 p. p._ named 34.69. Nawte, _pr._, _v._ Nocht, noght. Nede, _sb._ need 34.80. [[Netfulliche, _adv._ of necessity 44.25.]] Neuer(e), neuyr(e), never, nevyr, _adv._ never 5.15, 7.19, 8.17, 15.22, 17.21, 19.15, 34.58, &c. Ni[gh]t, ny[gh]t, nyght, nyht, _sb._ night 4.78, 15.20, 17.19, 19.17, 21.62. Nim, _vb._ take 1.2, OE. niman. Noblenes, _sb._ high estate, nobility 28.35. Nobley, nobylay, _sb._ noble estate or condition 10.2, 32.2. Nobul, _a._ noble 5.2. Nocht, noght(e), nogth, noht, nou[gh]t, nought(e), nowght, nawte, _pr._ nought 5.2, 6.2, 7.2, 9.4, &c. Non(e), _pr._ none 22.92, 28.27, 34.61. Nor, _conj._ than 30.16, 31.16. Nother, _conj._ neither 25.60. Nothing(e), nothyng(e), _pr._ nothing 5.6, 9.6, 24.8, 31.6. Now(e), _adv._ 28.41, 31.10, 32.3.

[[Of-sou[gh]t, _pp._ attacked 43.18.]] Old(e), _a._ old 28.41, 34.74. Onkynde, _a._ unkind, unnatural 33.47. Oode, _sb._ odd 25.51, for oode ne for ewyne, for odd nor even, on no account. Opon, _prep._ _var. of_ upon 12.1, 2, &c. Or, _adv._ before 23.113, 28.50; OE. [-æ]r. Ordande, _vb. 3 p. p._ ordained 12.29. Oribyll, _a._ horrible 21.52. Othe, _sb._ oath 33.52. Oþer, _a._ other 1.2. Other, owther, owþir, _conj._ either, or 6.18, 11.18, 30.18, 31.18. Our(e)s, ouris, -us, -ys, owres, -is, -ys, owrris, houris, _pron._ ours 5.10, 6.10, 7.10, 8.12, 9.10, &c, &c. Owris, ? ours 24.23.

Pale, _a._ 28.32. Palfrei, palfreye, _sb._ palfrey 3.49, 32.20. Paradys, _sb._ Paradise 34.70.

## Parting, partyng(e), parttynge, _sb._ parting, leave-taking, 5.8,

6.8, 14.11, 24.10, &c. Pas(e), passe, _vb._ pass 8.26, 9.24, 10.24, 25.34, &c. Payne, _sb._ pain 23.108, _pl._ paynes, peynes, peynys 14.33, 16.48, 18.47, 23.126. Paynt(e), peynte, _vb._ paint 15.21, 17.20, 19.18, 21.63. Pepul, _sb._ people, 25.44. Perische, _vb. subj._ perish 22.99. Petous, petus, _a._ 10.8, 16.10, 20.20; _v._ Piteuous. Petrus, _a._ ? piteous 5.8. Piteuous, pyteous, pytous, pytyus, _a._ piteous 8.10, 13.12, 14.11, 19.8. Place, _sb._ 25.48, 26.62. Playn, _a._ plain 28.47. Plese, _vb._, please 22.95. Plowe, _sb._ plough 32.15. Poor(e), por(e), pure, _a._ poor 7.16, 10.24, 11.24, 15.25, 39, 30.24, &c. Pore, _sb._ the poor, 1.6. Portratowre, _sb._ portraiture 28.48. Praie, pray(e), preye, _vb._ 8.29, 10.27, &c., _imp._ 13.31, 15.46, 18.45, 29.63; _1 p. pr._ 9.27; _pr. pl._ 7.23. Prankys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ to show oneself off, strut, parade 32.20; MDu. pronken. Pride, _sb._ 33.53. Prode, proud, prowde, prowt, prude, _a._ proud 7.15, 15.24, 17.23, 19.21, 25.33. [[Prude, _sb._ pride 42.5.]] Prykys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ to spur one's horse 32.20. Punsched, _pp._ punished 23.108. Purvey, purway, _vb._ make provision 28.52; provide, furnish 26.62. Pyne, _sb._ pain 25.59.

Quene, _sb._ queen 3.49. Queynt(e), _a._ ingenious, elaborate, fine 15.22, 17.21, 19.19. Queytith, _vb. 3 p. pr._ requiteth 22.93. Quhen, quhone, _adv._ 30.7, 11, 19, 31.7, 11, 19; _v._ Whan(ne), when(ne). Quhill, quhy, 30.23, 26, 31.23, 26; _v._ While, Whi.

Race, _vb._ to tear away, snatch 22.72; OF. racher, -ier, _from_ arrachier. Ragged, raggid, _a._ 15.30, 17.29, 21.42. Rakid, _pp._ raked, covered, buried 15.26, 17.25; ON. raka to scrape, rake, cf. Ch. Monkes T. 143 in hoote coles he hath hym seluen raked. Rank, _a._ proud, haughty 15.27, 17.26. Rather(e), rathar, rathyr, _adv._ 5.16, 6.16, 7.20, &c. Recke, _vb._ reck, care, heed 34.58. Rede, _vb._ read 25.47; guide, direct 33.46. Rekenyng(e), rikenynge, _sb._ account 15.42, 18.41, 21.58. Rekyn, _vb. subj._ reckon, take count of 28.37. Renown, _sb._ 28.33. Rent, to-rent, _pp._ rent, torn 15.30, 17.29, 21.42, 25.45. Rent(e), _sb._ revenue, income, tribute 7.7, 9.7, 10.7, &c.; _pl._ rentes, -is, -ys, 6.7, 8.9, 11.7, &c. Repente, _vb. imp._ 23.121. Resoune, _sb._ reason 23.118. Reste, _vb._ rest 25.48. Restore, _vb. imp._ 23.111. Rewful, rewfulle, _a._ rueful 15.35, 17.34. Riche, rych, _sb._ rich 1.6, 25.40. Right, _sb._ righteousness, good 2.41. Right, riht, ryght, _a._ 34.82; _adv._ 5.20, 21.58, 33.46. Risynge, _sb._ uprising, resurrection 18.40, 21.56. Rode, roode, _sb._ rood 25.45, 34.78. Rof, _sb._ roof 2.17, 32.26. Ros, _vb. 3 p. p._ rose 34.79. Ruli, ruly, _a. or adv._ rueful(ly) 15.30, 17.29; OE. hrêowlîe. Ryches, _sb. pl._ riches 25.38. Rydys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ rides 33.42.

Sake, _sb._ 33.38. Salle, _sb._ hall, palace, court 12.24. Same, _a._ 32.11. Saule, _sb._ soul 12.32; _v._ Soule. Save, sawe, _vb._ save 34.77; _3 p. pr._ sauyd 34.76. Say, _vb._ 12.21; _3 p. pr._ sais(e), sase 6.10, 12.10; saith(e), sayth(e) 5.10, 8.12, 20.27, 22.91; sayis, says 10.10, 30.10, 31.10; seiþ, seyth, seth 7.10, 11.10, 14.13, &c. Schal, shall, _vb._ shall; _2 p. pr._ schalt, 2.29; _3 p. pr._ sal(e), sc(h)al, schall(e), shall(e) 5.8, 12, 6.8, 16, 7.6, 20, &c.; _pl._ schullen 2.18; _2 p. p._ schuldist 22.80; _3 p. p._ scholde, schould(e), schuld(e), shuld, sold, sulde 6.15, 9.15, 23, 10.23, &c. Scharp(e), sharp(e), _a._ sharp 5.12, 6.12, 8.14, 17.14, 30.12, &c. Sched, _vb. 3 p. p._ shed 25.46. Schend, _vb. subj._ shame, disgrace 4.76; _pp._ schent 33.55. Schene, _a._ bright, beautiful 3.51. Schouris, -ys, schowres, -is, -ys, shour(e)s, showres, -is, _sb. pl._ 5.12, 7.12, 8.14, &c., &c.; scowrrys 6.12, schorrys 24.16. Schroud, schrud, shroude, shrowde, _sb._ clothing 3.51, 15.25, 17.24, 19.22. Scowrrys, _sb. pl._ 6.12, showers; (_or perh._ stourrys, battles, tumults, OF. estor, estour). Secatours, _sb. pl._ executors 24.24, ME. _also_ secetour, sectour. Securlye, _adv._ certainly, surely, 26.66. [[Seluen, _pron._ self 44.24.]] Sely, _a._ blessed 12.24; simple 32.24. Sen, syn, _conj._ since 8.26, 25.34, 30.24. Seruyse, _sb._ service 22.94. Set, _vb. 3 p. pr._ sattys 32.4; _pp._ set(e), sett(e), ysette 5.3, 6.3, 7.3, &c. Seth(e), sethen, sith, syth, _conj._ since 9.24, 10.24, 11.24, 29.60, 32.12. Seven, _nu._ 32.22. Seynt Powlis, 28.48 St. Paul's. Shewith, _vb. 3 p. pr._ shews 28.49. Short, _a._ 28.36. Shyne, _vb._ shine 27.22. Sin, synne, _sb._ sin, 4.76, 23.115. Skin, _sb._ 2.18. Skyle, _sb._ reason 25.41. Slogh, _sb._ slough, skin, covering, 32.17, 33.40. Smarte, _sb._ smart, pain 24.17. Smele, _vb._ smell 24.29. Socowre, _sb._ succour 28.40. Soffyre, sofur, _vb._ 10.12, 24.16; _v._ Suffer. Solde, _pp._ sold 34.73. Sone, _adv._ soon 33.48; sonar, sone(a)r 27.16, 30.16, 31.16. Sore, _a._ sore, grievous 23.104; _adv._ 15.33, 23.116. Sorow(e), _sb._ sorrow 22.84, 34.81. Soule, sowle, _sb._ soul 3.63, 33.38; _v._ Saule. Space, _sb._ space of time, respite 26.63. Sped(e), _vb._ speed 24.6, 34.81. Spille, spylle, _vb._ perish, be destroyed 14.34, 16.49, 18.48, 23.128. Starte, _sb._ a sudden movement 24.18. Thi lyfe ys but a starte, but for a moment. Stede, _sb._ steed 33.42. Stelis, _vb. 3 p. pr._ steals 32.17. Steyuyne, _sb._ voice 25.49; OE. stefn. Stie, stye, _vb._ ascend, mount 14.36, 16.51, 18.50, 23.132; OE. stîgan. Stille, _adv._ silently 23.126. Stink, stynk(e), _sb._ stink 6.20, 8.22, 30.20, 31.20, &c. Stounde, _sb._ hour 34.75; OE. stund. Stourrys, _sb. pl._ conflicts 6.12; OF. estor, (_probably_ Scourrys; _v._ Schouris). Stoute, stowte, _a._ bold, proud 8.25, 9.23, 15.38, &c.; cf. OF. estout. Streinþ, _sb._ force, violence 3.53. Streite, streyt, _a._ close, exact 15.42, 17.41, 21.58. Streytly, _adv._ closely 28.39. Strive, stryue, _vb._ 22.72, 28.55. Stronge, _a._ strong 34.59. [[Styeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ ascends, mounts up 42.5.]] Styke, _sb._ 5.20, _erron. for_ stynke. Suffer, -ir(e), -yr(e), suffre, soffyre, sofur, _vb._ suffer 5.12, 6.12, 7.12, 8.14, 9.12, 10.12, 11.12, 24.16, &c.; _2 p. p._ sufferdyst, suffredist, suffridist 14.32, 16.48, 18.47, 23.126. [[Sullen, _vb. 1 pl. pr._ shall 43.16.]] Superflue, _a._ superfluous 15.33. Sweet(e), sweit, swet(e), swett, _vb._ sweat 5.18, 6.18, 11.18, 15.33, 21.48, 31.18, &c.; _3 p. pr._ swetys 10.18. Swerys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ swears 33.52. Swink(e), swynk(e), _vb._ toil, labour, _ref. as for_ sweet(e) _supra_. _3 p. pr._ swynkes 10.18. Swynkynge, labour, exertion 23.104. Symple, _a._ simple 25.34. Syttythe, _vb. 3 p. pr._ sits 9.11.

Take, _vb._ 33.37, 39; _imp._ 24.5, 25.49; _3 p. pr._ takys 32.2; _2 p. p._ tokist 23.125; _3 p. p._ toc, toke 1.1, 34.81; _pp._ taken 12.31. Tent, _sb._ heed, attention 25.49. Teriþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ tears 2.27. Than(ne), then(ne), _adv._ then, 1.2, 2.18, 5.12, 11.8, &c., &c. That, _pron. and conj._ 2.30, 3.51, 6.17, &c.; _pl._ þose 7.10. Thenk, think(e), thynk, _vb._ think 15.40, 17.39, 21.46; _imp._ 4.72, 12.26, 28.42; _1 p. pr._ 8.19, 27.17, 30.17, 31.17; methink(e), thynke, thynkes 5.17, 6.17, 9.17, 10.17, &c.; _3 p. pr._ þenkiþ, thenkys 10.6, 14.9; thinkis, thynketh(e), -ith, -yth(e), -is, -ys(e), thyngkethe, thyngkys 5.6, 6.6, 8.8, 9.4, 11.6, 13.10, 16.8, 19.6, &c.; _p. pr._ thynkyng 20.16. [[Þilke, _pron._ that same 44.26.]] This, thys, _pron._ 5.10, 6.10, &c.; _pl._ these 13.14; þir 30.10. Thocht, thoght(e), thought(e), þou[gh]t(e), thouthe, thowght(e), thowht, thowth, _sb._ thought 5.3, 6.3, 7.3, 22, 8.5, 28, 9.2, 26, 10.3, 26, 11.3, 26, 12.1, &c., &c. Thynkynge, _sb._ thought, consideration, 21.54. Thorow, _prep._ through, 26.72. Þre, _nu._ three 2.42. Þroh, þrou[gh], _sb._ coffin, 1.3, 2.42; OE. þrûh. Thouh, þouw, _conj._ though 3.50, 21.33. Till, _prep._ to, 30.4, 31.4. Toght, _adv._ 32.16, _prob. erron. for_ togh, tough; _rimes_ plowe, slogh, inowe. Torn(e), turn(e), _vb._ turn 7.22, 8.28, 9.26, 10.26, 11.26, &c., &c. [[Totoren, _pp._ torn, rent 45.34.]] Tour(e)s, -is, -ys, towres, -is, -ys, towrrys, _sb._ towers 3.65, 5.9, 6.9, 7.9, 9.9, 10.9, &c., &c. Toward, _prep._ 2.14. Trauayles, traue(i)list, traueylist, _vb._ _2 p. pr._ labourest 15.20, 17.19, 19.17, 21.62. Trede, _vb._ tread; _pp._ ytrede 23.114. Trewth, trowthe, _sb._ truth 23.104, 28.47. Tristyn, _vb._ trust 22.95; _imp._ trust 24.24. Turment, _sb._ torment 15.31, 17.30, 21.44. Tyllys, _vb. 3 p. pr._ tills the ground, 32.15. Tyme, _sb._ time, 12.21.

Unclade, _a._ 25.35. Undeuout, _a._ undevout, 15.27. Unresonably, _adv._ unreasonably, 21.48. Unreydy, _a._ unready 25.56. Unsiker, _a._ uncertain, 28.43. Upon, uppon, vp(p)on, vpoun, _prep._ 5.3, 4, 5, &c., 8.5, 7, &c.; _v._ Apon, Opon, Ypon. Upsodown, _adv._ upside-down 28.35, _from_ up swa down.

Vayn, in vayn, in vain 28.55. Vede, _sb._, _for_ weed--dress, apparel 33.41. Verrid, _vb. 3 p. pr._ warreth 2.26.

Walk, _vb. 3 p. p._ walkyd 34.71; _p. pr._ walkand 33.41. Wan, _a._ 28.32. Wan, _vb._ 28.29; _v._ Win. [[Wan(ne), were, when, where 42.5, 44.25, 45.30, 32.]] Wanton, wantowne, _a._ 15.21, 17.20, 19.18, 21.64. Wantyng(e), _p. pr._ lacking 17.27, 21.38. Wars, _a._ worse 24.30. Waxin, -yne, _pp._ waxen, grown 9.1, 32.1. Waye, wei, wey(e), _sb._ way 3.50, 25.56, 32.19, 34.82. Weden, _sb. pl._ weeds, apparel 2.13. Wel(le), _adv._ well 4.75, 24.6. Welth, _sb._ wealth, 27.13, 34.65. Wend(e), _vb._ wend, go 2.30, 4.74, 25.56, 30.24, 31.24; _pr. pl._ wendiþ 2.41; _3 p. p._ went 34.58. Wene, _vb. 1 pl. pr._ think, expect, ween 3.50. Weriþ, _vb. pr. pl._ wear 3.51. Werkis, werkys, _sb. pl._ works 25.50, 52. Whan(ne), when(ne), quhen, quhene, _adv._ when 1.1, 2.17, 5.11, &c., &c. Whar-of, whereof 4.74. Whi, why, quhy, _conj._ 2.26, 5.17, 6.18, 8.19, &c. While, whill, quhill, whyl(e), whyles, _conj._ while 7.22, 8.28, 9.26, 13.30, &c.; the whyle þat 10.26, 11.26. Whoder, _adv._ whither 4.74. Wickidli, wickydly, wikkidly, wikyd, wyckydly, wykedly, wy(k)kydly, wykydely, wykytly, _adv._ wickedly 7.21, 8.27, 10.25, 13.29, 15.44, 18.43, 26.67, 29.3, 61. Will, wyl, wyll(e), wol(e), _vb. 3 p. pr._ 5.18, 12.18, 13.22, 15.33, 17.32, 21.48, &c.; _3 p. p. & p. pl._ wold(e) 5.5, 16, 6.5, 16, 7.5, 20, &c., &c.; wald 30.5, 31.16. Wille, wylle, _sb._ will 14.35, 16.50, 18.49, 23.130. Win, _vb._ to win; _3 p. pr._ wins 31.9, wynneth(e), -yth(e), -es, -is, -ys, 5.9, 6.9, 7.9, 8.9, &c., &c.; _2 p. p._ wonne 2.30; _3 p. p._ wan 28.29; _pp._ iwonne 1.1. Wise, _sb._ manner, fashion, guise, 22.96. [[Wise, _vb._ guide, direct 44.27.]] Wisely, _adv._ 28.52. Within, -inne, -yn, -ynne, _adv._ 5.19, &c., &c. Withowttyn, wittovte, _prep._ without 25.48, 26.66. Witte, _sb._ wit, intelligence 23.118. Wo, woo, _sb._ woe 12.32, 22.84. Woh, wow, _sb._ evil 1.1; _pl._ wow[gh] 2.41. OE. wôh, wô[gh]-, crooked, evil. Wol(e), 15.33, 17.32, 21.48; _v._ Will. Woman, _sb._ 32.13. Wonder, -ir(e), wondre, wondur, wondyr, woundyr, _sb._ wonder 5.17, 6.17, 8.19, 9.17, 10.17, &c., &c. Wonderfull, wondirfullie, _adv._ wonderfully 30.1, 31.1. Wonderly, wondirlie, -ly, wondurly, wondyrly, wounderly, woundyrely, _adv._ wondrously 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 8.4, 10.1, 11.1, 12.3, 13.5, 14.4, 16.3, 19.1, 20.6, 24.1, 30.25, 31.25. Worching(e), -ynge, _p. pr._ working 14.35, 16.50, 18.49. World, _sb._ 28.29. Worldly, _adv._ 27.1, _perh. erron. for_ wonderly. Wormes, -ys, _sb. pl._ 2.14, 32.25, 33.44, 45, 46. Wor-schyp, -ship, _sb._ 7.2, 12.25. Worthy, _a._ 28.25, 30; _sb. pl._ worthyes 27.21. Worthynes, _sb._ worthiness, honour, 28.40. Wote, wottis, _vb. 3 p. pr._ knows 24.12, 33.46; _3 p. p._ wyste 34.67. Wounde, _sb._ wound 34.76, 78. Wrecchid(e), wreched, -yd, _a._ wretched 15.20, 24, 28, 17.19, 23, 19.17, 21. Wrikkend, _p. pr._ moving, walking 2.13; Dan. vrikke, Du. wrikken. Wrocht, wroght(e), wroht, wroth, wrought(e), wrou[gh]t(e), wrouhte, wrout(h)e, wrowght(e), _pp._ wrought, made 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 23, 8.1, 27, 29, 9.1, 25, 27, &c., &c. [[Wrong, _sb._ 42.1.]] Wroten, _vb._ to root, turn up with the snout 2.18; _3 p. pr._ wrotys 33.33; OE. wrotian. Wroth, _a._ 33.48, 51; (7.1, spelling of wroht, _v._ Wrocht, wroght). [[Wryeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ turns, inclines 42.6.]] Wryttyne, written 25.39. Wyn, _sb._ joy, pleasure 32.25. Wynde, _sb._ wind 33.48. Wynde, _vb._ to wind 32.24. Wyne, _sb._ wine 25.60. Wyste, 34.67; _v._ Wote. [[Wyte, _vb. imp._ guard, keep 45.35.]]

Ya, _int._ yea, verily 12.7, 11, 15. Yelde, yeelde, [gh]eelde, _vb._ yield, render, pay 15.42, 18.41, 21.58; _3 p. pr._ yeldis 33.56. Ye[gh]t, yet, [gh]et, yit, [gh]it(t), [gh]yt(e), _adv._ yet 6.16, 7.20, 8.18, 9.12, 16, &c. Yong, _a._ young, 28.41. Ypon, _prep._ var. of upon 11.3. [Gh]efe, [gh]eyf, _vb. imp._ give 24.24, 26.61. [Gh]ere, _sb. pl._ years 34.74.

ADDENDA

(from the text in the Appendix).

[Transcriber's Note: This section has been retained for completeness. All entries have been added to the main Glossary.]

Afrete, _pp._ devoured, eaten 42.3. Agrise, _vb._ tremble, quake 44.28. Alas, _int._ 43.17. Alete, _vb._ to let go, forsake 42.3. Aryse, _vb._ arise 44.25. Assise, _sb._ the Judgement 44.26. Awelden, _vb._ wield, rule 42.9.

Belden, _vb._ build up 43.12. Bi-holden, _vb._ keep, retain 42.10. Byheste, _sb._ promise 45.30. Byhet, _vb. 3 p. pr._ promises 45.31.

Cheste, _sb._ strife, dispute 45.29; OE. cêast, _older_ cêas, L. causa. Coueytise, _sb._ covetousness 42.6. Crieþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ cries 42.8.

Dedliche, _a._ deadly 43.14.

Elden, _vb._ to grow old 43.11. Endinge, _sb._ 44.21. Eorthe, _sb._ earth 42.1, &c.

Foelle, _vb. subj._ ? fall 43.20. For[gh]ete, _pp._ forgotten 42.4. Furloren, _pp._ lost 46.35.

Grimliche, _adv._ terribly 44.28. Guo, _vb._ go 43.15. Gynneþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ begins 43.15.

Haueþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ has 43.13. Helle-feste, _sb._ Hell-fortress 45.32. Hyeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ hastens 42.7.

Iboren, _pp._ born 45.33. Ibou[gh]t, _pp._ redeemed 43.19. Icoren, _pp. a._ chosen ones 45.35. Igete, _pp._ got 42.1. Ignawe, _pp._ devoured 44.23. Ihere, _vb._ hear 44.26. Iknawe, _vb._ know 44.24. Iseoþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ sees 43.14, 44.21. Islawe, _pp._ slain 44.22. Iuynt, _vb. 3 p. pr._ joins 42.9. Iworthe, _vb._ become 43.16.

Lere, _vb._ teach 44.27. Leste, _vb._ last 45.31. Louerd, _sb._ Lord 45.33. Luþer, _a._ wicked 42.9.

Mychfulliche, _adv._ greatly, at so great cost 43.19.

Netfulliche, _adv._ of necessity 44.25.

Of-sou[gh]t, _pp._ attacked 43.18.

Prude, _sb._ pride 42.5.

Seluen, _pron._ self 44.24. Styeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ ascends, mounts up 42.5. Sullen, _vb. 1 pl. pr._ shall 43.16.

Þilke, _pron._ that same 44.26. Totoren, _pp._ torn, rent 45.34.

Wan(ne), were, when, where 42.5, 44.25, 45.30, 32. Wise, _vb._ guide, direct 44.27. Wrong, _sb._ 42.1. Wryeþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ turns, inclines 42.6. Wyte, _vb. imp._ guard, keep 45.35.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * *

_Errors and Inconsistencies_ (noted by transcriber)

_All errors in the Notes and Glossary involve missing or incorrect punctuation. Inconsistent citations from the Reliquiae Antiquae (as "ii", large "II" or small "II") are unchanged._

[Illustration: ... fol. 57 ...] [_printed as shown: correct folio number is 59_]

_Body Text_

II. [_. missing from header_] B.7. [Footnote 4: ... H. 4486 hath _bygged hy his bowres_] [_quoted text printed as italic (non-emphatic)_] B.11. / MS. LAUD MISC. 23. / [fol. 112, r^o] [2^o] III. THE CAMBRIDGE TEXT. [Footnote 4: ... but MS. appears to be ...] [MS appears]

_Notes_

#MS. Laud Misc. 23.# l. 39 (p. 18). ... ll. 53, 54, where [54. where]

RECORD OFFICE ROLL Pensez[12] coment en tere & par tere pecchez, [_footnote anchor invisible_] [MS. Addit. 25478, fol. 3, v^o] [25478 fol.]

_Glossary_

Be / _2 p. pr._ art [art.] Bild, _vb. imp._ [_v. imp._] _2 p. pr._ bildist 22.79; [22 79]] Bring, bryng(e) ... 7.7, 14.10, &c. [7.7 14.10] Castles ... castles 3.65, 5.9, 6.9, 7.9 [7 9] Com / ... 7.14, 8.24, 9.22, 10.22, &c.; [9 22] _2 p. p._ cam 17.24 [17 24] Concele ... 8.27, 9.25 [9 25] Falliþ, _vb. 3 p. pr._ falls, 1.3. [_vb 3 p. pr._] Fayr, _a._ fair 33.42; [33 42] Ferde, _pp._ afraid, terrified 12.24; OE. (for) f[-æ]red. [12.24.] Grace, _sb._ 22.70, 26.61. [22.70;] Hartily ... 15.40, 18.39, 21.54. [18 39] Heuen(e) ... 15.43, 19.24, 25.40 [25 40] Hold, _vb. 3 p. pr._ holdys 32.16; [_vb._; _3 p. pr._] Lay, _vb. 3 p. pr._ layes 32.3; [_vb._; _3 p. pr._] Lent(e) ... 21.40; OE. l[-æ]nan. [21.40.] Mold(e), moolde, moulde, mowld (e) [mowld e)] Ruli, ruly ... 15.30, 17.29; OE. hrêowlîe. [17.29,] Say / ... 6.10, 12.10; [12.10,] / sayis, says 10.10, 30.10, 31.10; [31.10,] Superflue, _a._ superfluous 15.33. [_a_] Þroh, þrou[gh], _sb._ coffin, 1.3, 2.42; OE. þrûh. [O.E.] Walk, _vb. 3 p. p._ walkyd 34.71; [_vb._; _3 p. p._] Wol(e), 15.33, 17.32, 21.48; [Wol(e) 15] Wroten ... O.E. wrotian. [O.E.]