Part 5

-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SHAKESPEARE | YEAR |--------------------+-----------------------------------------------| |BIOGRAPHY: POEMS | PLAYS (see note above) | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1592 |Greene's attack in | Two Gentlemen | Richard III | Romeo and | |Groatsworth of Wit | of Verona (M) | (M, 1597). | Juliet (M, | | | | 3 Henry VI | 1597) | | | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1593 |Venus and Adonis | |King John (M). |Titus | | (seven editions, | |Richard II (M, | Andronicus | | 1594-1616) | |1597) | (M, 1594) | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1594 |Lucrece (five |A Midsummer | | | | editions, | Night's Dream | | | | 1594-1616) | (M, 1600) | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1595 |Valuable |All's Well | | | | contemporary | that Ends | | | | references to | Well. Taming | | | | Shakespeare | of the Shrew | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1596 |Son Hamnet died. | |1 Henry IV (M, | | | Family applied for | | 1598). 2 Henry| | | coat-of-arms | | IV (1600) | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1597 |Purchased New Place,|Merry Wives of | | | | Stratford | Windsor. | | | | | Merchant of | | | | | Venice | | | | | (M, 1600) | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1598 |Shakespeare acted |Much Ado About |Henry V (1600) | | | in Jonson's Every |Nothing (1600) | | | | Man in His Humour | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1599 |Part proprietor of |As You Like It | | | | Globe Theatre. | | | | | Coat-of-arms | | | | | granted. The | | | | | Passionate Pilgrim | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1600 |Won a London |Twelfth Night | | | | lawsuit | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+

-----+---------------------+--------------------+ | BRITISH AND | HISTORY | YEAR | FOREIGN | AND | | LITERATURE | BIOGRAPHY | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1592 |Daniel's Delia. |Greene died. | | Lyly's Gallathea | Montaigne died. | | (Galatea) | London theatres | | | closed through | | | plague | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1593 |Peele's Edward I. |Marlowe died. | | Barnes's Sonnets | Herbert born. | | | | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1594 |Rinuccini's Dafne. |Palestrina | |Satire Ménipée | ("Princeps | | | Musicæ") died | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1595 |Peele's Old Wives' |Tasso died. Sir | | Tale. Spenser's | Walter Raleigh's | | Epithalamion | expedition to | | | Guiana. Sir J. | | | Hawkins died | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1596 |Drayton's |Burbage built | | Mortimeriados. | Blackfriar's | | Faerie Queene, | Theatre. Descartes | | Books IV-VI | born. Sir F. Drake | | | died | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1597 |Bacon's Essays |The Tyrone | | (first edition). | rebellion | | Hall's | | | Virgidemiarum | | | | | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1598 |Mere's Palladis |Peele died. Edict | | Tamia. Chapman's | of Nantes | | Homer (pt. 1). Lope | | | de Vega's Arcadia | | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1599 |Aleman's Guzman de |Spenser died. Globe | | Alfarache. Peele's | Theatre built. | | David and Bethsabe | Oliver Cromwell | | | born | | | | -----+---------------------+--------------------+ 1600 |England's Helicon |Calderon born. | | | Bruno died | -----+---------------------+--------------------+

-----+--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | SHAKESPEARE | YEAR |--------------------+-----------------------------------------------| |BIOGRAPHY: POEMS | PLAYS (see note above) | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1601 |Father died. The | | |Julius Cæsar | |Phoenix and Turtle | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1602 |Purchased more | | |Hamlet (1603) | | Stratford real | | | | | estate | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1603 |His company acted |Troilus and | | | | before the Queen | Cressida | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1604 |Sued Rogers at |Measure for | |Othello | | Stratford | Measure | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1605 |Godfather to | | |Macbeth | | William D'Avenant | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1606 |King Lear given | | |King Lear | | before Court | | | (1608) | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1607 |Daughter Susanna | | |Timon of | | married Dr. Hall | | | Athens | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1608 |Birth of |Pericles (1609)| |Antony and | | granddaughter | | | Cleopatra | | Elizabeth Hall. | | | | | Death of mother | | | | | (Mary Arden) | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1609 |Sonnets. A Lover's | | |Coriolanus | | Complaint | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1610 |Purchased more real |Cymbeline | | | | estate | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1611 |Subscribed for |Winter's Tale | | | | better highways |The Tempest | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1613 |Invested in London | |Henry VIII | | | house property. | | | | | Brother Richard | | | | | died | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+ 1616 |Made his will. | | | | | Daughter Judith | | | | | married Thomas | | | | | Quiney. Died April | | | | | 23 (May 3, New | | | | | Style) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+--------------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+

-----+---------------------+-------------------+ | BRITISH AND | HISTORY | YEAR | FOREIGN | AND | | LITERATURE | BIOGRAPHY | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1601 |Jonson's Poetaster |The Essex plot. | | | Rivalry between | | | London adult and | | | boy actors | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1602 |Dekker's Satiromastix|Bodleian Library | | | founded | | | | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1603 |Jonson's Sejanus |Queen Elizabeth | | | died. Millenary | | | Petition | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1604 |Marlowe's Faustus |Hampton Court | | (1588-1589) | Conference | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1605 |Don Quixote (pt. 1) |Gunpowder plot. | | | Sir Thomas Browne | | | born | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1606 |Chapman's Monsieur |Lyly died. | | D'Olive | Corneille born | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1607 |Dekker and Webster's |Settlement of | | Westward Ho! | Jamestown | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1608 |Captain John Smith's |Milton born. | | A True Relation. | Quebec founded | | Middleton's A Mad | | | World | | | | | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1609 |The Douai Old |Separatists | |Testament | (Pilgrims) in | | | Leyden | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1610 |Strachey's Wracke |Henry IV (Navarre) | | and Redemption | assassinated | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1611 |King James Bible |Gustavus Adolphus, | | (A.V.). Bellarmine's| King of Sweden | | Puissance du Pape | | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1613 |Drayton's Polyolbion |Globe Theatre | | | burned | | | | | | | -----+---------------------+-------------------+ 1616 |Captain John Smith's |Cervantes died. | | New England. Folio | Beaumont died. | | edition of Jonson's | Baffin explores | | Poems. D'Aubigné's | Baffin's Bay. | | Les Tragiques | Harvey lectured | | (1577) | on the circulation| | | of the blood | | | | -----+---------------------+-------------------+

DISTRIBUTION OF CHARACTERS

In this analysis are shown the acts and scenes in which the characters (see Dramatis Personæ, page 2) appear, with the number of speeches and lines given to each.

NOTE. Parts of lines are counted as whole lines.

==============+=========+==========+========+ | | NO. OF | NO. OF | | | SPEECHES | LINES | --------------+---------+----------+--------+ CÆSAR | I, ii | 14 | 39 | | II, ii | 16 | 72 | | III, i | 10 | 39 | | | === | === | | | 40 | 150 | | | | | OCTAVIUS | IV, i | 6 | 12 | | V, i | 9 | 25 | | V, v | 4 | 10 | | | === | === | | | 19 | 47 | | | | | ANTONY | I, ii | 4 | 6 | | II, ii | 1 | 1 | | III, i | 10 | 98 | | III, ii | 20 | 147 | | IV, i | 5 | 38 | | V, i | 8 | 22 | | V, iv | 2 | 8 | | V, v | 1 | 8 | | | === | === | | | 51 | 328 | | | | | LEPIDUS | IV, i | 3 | 4 | | | | | CICERO | I, iii | 4 | 9 | | | | | PUBLIUS | II, ii | 1 | 1 | | III, i | 1 | 1 | | | === | === | | | 2 | 2 | | | | | POPILIUS | III, i | 2 | 2 | | | | | BRUTUS | I, ii | 22 | 73 | | II, i | 35 | 182 | | II, ii | 2 | 3 | | III, i | 23 | 78 | | III, ii | 5 | 49 | | IV, ii | 10 | 34 | | IV, iii | 69 | 204 | | V, i | 11 | 33 | | V, ii | 1 | 6 | | V, iii | 4 | 18 | | V, iv | 1 | 1 | | V, v | 10 | 39 | | | === | === | | | 193 | 720 | | | | | CASSIUS | I, ii | 24 | 143 | | I, iii | 15 | 119 | | II, i | 14 | 37 | | III, i | 18 | 44 | | IV, ii | 4 | 7 | | IV, iii | 46 | 98 | | V, i | 11 | 49 | | V, iii | 6 | 32 | | | === | === | | | 138 | 529 | | | | | CASCA | I, ii | 19 | 60 | | I, iii | 14 | 57 | | II, i | 4 | 10 | | III, i | 3 | 4 | | | === | === | | | 40 | 131 | | | | | TREBONIUS | II, i | 2 | 3 | | II, ii | 1 | 2 | | III, i | 1 | 3 | | | === | === | | | 4 | 8 | | | | | LIGARIUS | II, i | 5 | 15 | | | | | DECIUS | II, i | 3 | 12 | | II, ii | 4 | 25 | | III, i | 5 | 7 | | | === | === | | | 12 | 44 | | | | | METELLUS | II, i | 2 | 9 | | III, i | 3 | 8 | | | === | === | | | 5 | 17 | | | | | CINNA | I, iii | 4 | 9 | | II, i | 3 | 4 | | III, i | 4 | 5 | | | === | === | | | 11 | 18 | | | | | FLAVIUS | I, i | 6 | 27 | | | | | MARULLUS | I, i | 5 | 32 | | | | | ARTEMIDORUS | II, iii | 1 | 14 | | III, i | 3 | 4 | | | === | === | | | 4 | 18 | | | | | SOOTHSAYER | I, ii | 3 | 3 | | II, iv | 5 | 14 | | III, i | 1 | 1 | | | === | === | | | 9 | 18 | | | | | CINNA, A POET | III, iii| 8 | 14 | | | | | ANOTHER POET | IV, iii | 3 | 7 | | | | | LUCILIUS | IV, ii | 4 | 10 | | IV, iii | 1 | 1 | | V, i | 1 | 1 | | V, iv | 3 | 14 | | V, v | 1 | 2 | | | === | === | | | 10 | 28 | | | | | TITINIUS | IV, iii | 1 | 1 | | V, iii | 9 | 31 | | | === | === | | | 10 | 32 | | | | | MESSALA | IV, iii | 9 | 14 | | V, i | 2 | 2 | | V, iii | 7 | 19 | | V, v | 3 | 4 | | | === | === | | | 21 | 39 | | | | | CATO | V, iii | 2 | 3 | | V, iv | 1 | 5 | | | === | === | | | 3 | 8 | | | | | VOLUMNIUS | V, v | 3 | 3 | | | | | VARRO | IV, iii | 6 | 6 | | | | | CLITUS | V, v | 8 | 10 | | | | | CLAUDIUS | IV, iii | 4 | 4 | | | | | STRATO | V, v | 4 | 6 | | | | | LUCIUS | II, i | 10 | 17 | | II, iv | 4 | 6 | | IV, iii | 10 | 10 | | | === | === | | | 24 | 33 | | | | | DARDANIUS | V, v | 3 | 3 | | | | | PINDARUS | IV, ii | 1 | 3 | | V, iii | 4 | 13 | | | === | === | | | 5 | 16 | | | | | CALPURNIA | I, ii | 1 | 1 | | II, ii | 5 | 26 | | | === | === | | | 6 | 27 | | | | | PORTIA | II, i | 6 | 62 | | II, iv | 10 | 30 | | | === | === | | | 16 | 92 | | | | | CARPENTER | I, i | 1 | 1 | | | | | COBBLER | I, i | 6 | 17 | | | | | SERVANT | II, ii | 3 | 5 | | | | | SERVANT | III, i | 2 | 16 | | | | | SERVANT | III, i | 3 | 5 | | | | | GHOST | IV, iii | 3 | 3 | | | | | CITIZENS (ALL)| III, ii | 13 | 14 | | | | | 1 CITIZEN | III, ii | 14 | 17 | | III, iii| 4 | 4 | | | === | === | | | 18 | 21 | | | | | 2 CITIZEN | III, ii | 14 | 16 | | III, iii| 4 | 6 | | | === | === | | | 18 | 22 | | | | | 3 CITIZEN | III, ii | 12 | 16 | | III, iii| 4 | 7 | | | === | === | | | 16 | 23 | | | | | 4 CITIZEN | III, ii | 11 | 14 | | III, iii| 5 | 7 | | | === | === | | | 16 | 21 | | | | | SERVANT | III, ii | 3 | 4 | | | | | 1 SOLDIER | IV, ii | 1 | 1 | | V, iv | 3 | 4 | | | === | === | | | 4 | 5 | | | | | 2 SOLDIER | IV, ii | 1 | 1 | | V, iv | 1 | 1 | | | === | === | | | 2 | 2 | | | | | 3 SOLDIER | IV, ii | 1 | 1 | | | | | MESSENGER | V, i | 1 | 4 | ==============+=========+==========+========+

JULIUS CÆSAR

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DRAMATIS PERSONÆ[1]

JULIUS CÆSAR.

OCTAVIUS CÆSAR, } triumvirs after MARCUS ANTONIUS,[2] } the death of M. ÆMILIUS LEPIDUS, } Julius Cæsar.

CICERO, } PUBLIUS, } senators. POPILIUS LENA, }

MARCUS BRUTUS, } CASSIUS, } CASCA, } conspirators TREBONIUS, } against LIGARIUS, } Julius Cæsar. DECIUS BRUTUS,[3] } METELLUS CIMBER, } CINNA, }

FLAVIUS and MARULLUS,[4] tribunes. ARTEMIDORUS of Cnidos, a teacher of Rhetoric.[5] A Soothsayer. CINNA, a poet. Another Poet.

LUCILIUS, } TITINIUS, } MESSALA, } friends to Brutus Young CATO, } and Cassius. VOLUMNIUS, }

VARRO, } CLITUS, } CLAUDIUS, } servants to STRATO, } Brutus. LUCIUS, } DARDANIUS, }

PINDARUS, servant to Cassius.

CALPURNIA,[6] wife to Cæsar. PORTIA, wife to Brutus.

Senators, Commoners, Guards, Attendants, &c.

SCENE: _Rome; the neighborhood of Sardis; the neighborhood of Philippi._

[Footnote 1: DRAMATIS PERSONÆ. Rowe was the first to give a list of Dramatis Personæ. His list was imperfect and Theobald enlarged it.]

[Footnote 2: ANTONIUS. In I, ii, 3, 4, 6, the First Folio gives the name in the Italian form, 'Antonio.' See note, p. 9, l. 3.]

[Footnote 3: DECIUS BRUTUS. The true classical name was Decimus Brutus. In Amyot's _Les Vies des hommes illustres grecs et latins_ (1559) and in North's Plutarch (1579) the name is given as in Shakespeare.]

[Footnote 4: MARULLUS. Theobald's emendation for the Murellus (Murrellus, I, ii, 281) of the First Folio. Marullus is the spelling in North's Plutarch.]

[Footnote 5: ARTEMIDORUS. Rowe (1709) had 'Artimedorus (Artemidorus, 1714) a Soothsayer.' This Theobald altered to 'Artemidorus, a Sophist of Cnidos,' and made the Soothsayer a separate character].

[Footnote 6: CALPURNIA. Occasionally in North's Plutarch (twice in _Julius Cæsar_) and always in the First Folio the name is given as 'Calphurnia.']

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## ACT I

## SCENE I. _Rome. A street_

_Enter_ FLAVIUS, MARULLUS, _and certain_ Commoners _over the stage_

FLAVIUS. Hence! home, you idle creatures, get you home: Is this a holiday? what! know you not, Being mechanical, you ought not walk Upon a labouring day without the sign Of your profession? Speak, what trade art thou? 5

CARPENTER. Why, sir, a carpenter.

MARULLUS. Where is thy leather apron and thy rule? What dost thou with thy best apparel on? You, sir, what trade are you? 9

[Note: ACT I, SCENE I | Actus Primus. Scœna Prima Ff.--_Rome. A street_ Capell | Rome Rowe | Ff omit.--Commoners Ff | Plebeians Hanmer.]

[Note 6: CARPENTER | Car. Ff | First Com. Camb | 1 Pleb. Hanmer.]

[Note: ACT I. In the First Folio _The Tragedie of Julius Cæsar_ is divided into acts but not into scenes, though 'Scœna (so spelled in the Folios) Prima' is given here after 'Actus Primus.'--_over the stage_. This, the Folio stage direction, suggests a mob.]

[Note 3: /Being mechanical:/ being mechanics. Shakespeare often uses adjectives with the sense of plural substantives. Cf. 'subject' in _Hamlet_, I, i, 72. Twice in North's Plutarch occurs "base mechanical people."--/ought not walk/. See Abbott, § 349.]

[Note 4-5: Shakespeare transfers to ancient Rome the English customs and usages of his own time. In Porter and Clarke's 'First Folio' _Julius Cæsar_, it is mentioned that Shakespeare's uncle Henry, a farmer in Snitterfield, according to a court order of October 25, 1583, was fined "viii d for not havinge and wearinge cappes on Sondayes and hollydayes."]

[Note 9: /You./ On 'you' as distinct from 'thou,' see Abbott, § 232.]

[Page 4]

COBBLER. Truly, sir, in respect of a fine workman, I am but, as you would say, a cobbler. 11

MARULLUS. But what trade art thou? answer me directly.

COBBLER. A trade, sir, that I hope I may use with a safe conscience; which is, indeed, sir, a mender of bad soles. 15

FLAVIUS. What trade, thou knave? thou naughty knave, what trade?

COBBLER. Nay, I beseech you, sir, be not out with me: yet, if you be out, sir, I can mend you. 18

MARULLUS. What mean'st thou by that? mend me, thou saucy fellow?

COBBLER. Why, sir, cobble you.

FLAVIUS. Thou art a cobbler, art thou? 22

[Note 10: COBBLER | Cobl. Ff | Sec. Com. Camb.]

[Note 15: /soles/ | soules F1 F2 | soals F4.]

[Note 16: FLAVIUS | Fla. Ff | Mur. Capell | Mar. Globe Camb.]

[Note 19: MARULLUS | Mur. Ff.]

[Note 10: /in respect of/: in comparison with. So in _The Psalter_ (Book of Common Prayer), xxxix, 6. Cf. _Hamlet_, V, ii, 120.]

[Note 11: /cobbler/. This word was used of a coarse workman, or a bungler, in any mechanical trade. So the Cobbler's answer does not give the information required, though it contains a quibble.]

[Note 12: /directly/: in a straightforward manner, without evasion.]

[Note 15: /soles/. The First Folio spelling, 'soules,' brings out the pun. This 'immemorial quibble,' as Craik calls it, is found also in _The Merchant of Venice_, IV, i, 123: "Not on thy sole, but on thy soul."]

[Note 16: Modern editors give this speech to Marullus, but the Folio arrangement is more natural and dramatic, the two Tribunes alternately rating the people, as Knight puts it, like two smiths smiting on the same anvil.]

[Note 17-18: A quibble upon two common meanings of 'out'--(1) 'at variance,' as in "Launcelot and I are out," _The Merchant of Venice_, III, v, 34; and (2) as in 'out at heels,' or 'out at toes.']

[Page 5]

COBBLER. Truly, sir, all that I live by is with the awl: I meddle with no tradesman's matters, nor women's matters, but withal I am, indeed, sir, a surgeon to old shoes; when they are in great danger, I recover them. As proper men as ever trod upon neat's-leather have gone upon my handiwork. 28

FLAVIUS. But wherefore art not in thy shop to-day? Why dost thou lead these men about the streets?

COBBLER. Truly, sir, to wear out their shoes, to get myself into more work. But, indeed, sir, we make holiday, to see Cæsar and to rejoice in his triumph. 33

[Note 25: withal I F1 | withall I F2 F3 | withawl. I (Farmer's conj.) Camb Globe | with all. I Capell.]

[Note 34: Two lines in Ff.]

[Note 39-40: Pompey? Many ... oft Have Rowe | Pompey many ... oft? Have Ff.]

[Note 25: The text of the First Folio needs no emendation. It is good prose and involves a neat pun.]

[Note 26: /proper:/ goodly, handsome. This word has often this meaning in Elizabethan literature, and is still so used in provincial England. Cf. _The Tempest_, II, ii, 63; _Hebrews_ (King James version), xi, 23; Burns's _The Jolly Beggars_: "And still my delight is in proper young men."]

[Note 27: /trod upon neat's-leather/. This expression and "as proper a man as" are repeated in the second scene of the second act of _The Tempest_.--/neat's-leather/: ox-hide. 'Neat' is Anglo-Saxon _neát_, 'ox,' 'cow,' 'cattle,' and is still used in 'neat-herd,' 'neat's-foot oil.' See _The Winter's Tale_, I, ii, 125. The form 'nowt' is still in common use in the North of England and the South of Scotland. Cf. Burns's _The Twa Dogs_: "To thrum guitars an' fecht wi nowte."]

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