CHAPTER XIV

CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS

The men who controlled the affairs of the Massachusetts Bay Colony at the time of its founding, determined not only that the churches, but that the government of the commonwealth they were creating, should be based strictly upon the teachings of the Bible. The charter provided that the Governor, Deputy Governor and Assistants might hold courts "for the better ordering of affairs," and so for the first ten years, the Court of Assistants, as it was styled, exercised the entire judicial powers of the colony. Its members were known as the magistrates. During this period but few laws or orders were passed. When complaints were made, the court, upon a hearing, determined whether the conduct of the accused had been such as in their opinion to deserve punishment, and if it had been, then what punishment should be inflicted. This was done without any regard to English precedents. There was no defined criminal code, and what constituted a crime and what its punishment, was entirely within the discretion of the court. If in doubt as to what should be considered an offence, the Bible was looked to for guidance. The General Court itself, from time to time, when in doubt, propounded questions to the ministers or elders, which they answered in writing, much as the Attorney General or the Supreme Judicial Court at the present day may advise.

But the people soon became alarmed at the extent of personal discretion exercised by the magistrates and so, in 1635, the freemen demanded a code of written laws and a committee composed of magistrates and ministers was appointed to draw up the same. It does not appear that much was accomplished although Winthrop records that Mr. Cotton of the committee, reported "a copy of Moses his judicials, compiled in an exact method, which was taken into further consideration till the next general court." The "judicials," however, never were adopted. In 1639 another committee was directed to peruse all the "models" which had been or should be presented, "draw them up into one body," and send copies to the several towns. This was done. In October, 1641, action was taken which led to a definite and acceptable result. Rev. Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich, who had been educated for the law and had practiced in the courts of England, was requested to furnish a copy of the liberties, etc. and nineteen transcriptions were sent to the several towns in the Colony. Two months later at the session of the General Court, this body of laws was voted to stand in force.

This code, known as "the Body of Liberties," comprised about one hundred laws, civil and criminal. The civil laws were far in advance of the laws of England at that time, and in substance were incorporated in every subsequent codification of the laws of the Colony. Some of them are in force today, and others form the basis of existing laws. The criminal laws were taken principally from the Mosaic code and although many of them may seem harsh and cruel yet, as a whole, they were much milder than the criminal laws of England at that time. No reference was made to the common law of England. All legislation in regard to offences was based upon the Bible, and marginal references to book, chapter and verse were supplied to guide future action. This Code served its intended purpose well and remained in force until the arrival of the Province charter in 1692 save during the short period of the Andros administration.

The judiciary system of the Colony therefore provided for the following courts:

First, the Great and General Court which possessed legislative powers and limited appellate authority from the Court of Assistants.

Second, the Court of Assistants--a Supreme Court or Court of Appeals that had exclusive jurisdiction in all criminal cases extending "to life, limb, or banishment," jurisdiction in civil cases in which the damages amounted to more than £100., and appellate jurisdiction from the County Quarterly Courts.

Third, County or Inferior Quarterly Courts that had jurisdiction in all cases and matters not reserved to the Court of Assistants or conferred upon commissioners of small causes. These courts also laid out highways, licensed ordinarys, saw that an able ministry was supported, and had general control of probate matters, and in 1664 were authorized to admit freemen.

The juries were made judges of the law and the fact and when upon a trial there was insufficient evidence to convict, juries were authorized to find that there were strong grounds of suspicion, and accordingly sentence afterwards was given by the Court. In order to facilitate court proceedings an excellent law was passed in 1656 which authorized the fining of a person 20 shillings an hour for any time occupied in his plea in excess of one hour.

John Winthrop with his company arrived at Salem in June, 1630, and ten weeks later the first court in the Colony was held at Charlestown. The maintenance of the ministry was the first concern, to be followed by an order regulating the wages of carpenters, bricklayers, thatchers and other building trades. Thomas Morton at "Merry Mount" was not forgotten for he was to be sent for "by processe," and a memorandum is entered to obtain for the next Court an estimate "of the charges that the Governor hathe beene att in entertaineing several publique persons since his landing in Newe England."

At the second meeting of the Court of Assistants, three of the magistrates were fined a noble apiece for being late at Court and three weeks later Sir Richard Saltonstall, because of absence, was fined four bushels of malt. It was at this Court that Thomas Morton was ordered "sett into the bilbowes" and afterwards sent prisoner into England by the ship called the _Gifte_. His goods were ordered seized and his house burnt to the ground "in the sight of the Indians for their satisfaction, for many wrongs he hath done them from time to time." Several towns were christened the names by which they are still known, and those who had ventured to plant themselves at Aggawam, now Ipswich, were commanded "forthwith to come away."

Aside from Morton's offences at Mount Wollaston, nothing of a criminal nature seems to have been brought to the attention of the Court until its third session on September 28th. To be sure the Governor had been consulted by the magistrates of the Colony at Plymouth concerning the fate of one John Billington of Plymouth who had murdered his companion John New-Comin. Billington was hanged, and "so the land was purged from blood."

Unless murder may have been committed at an earlier date by a member of some crew of unruly fishermen along the coast, this was the first murder committed in the English settlements about the Massachusetts Bay. But unfortunately it was not the last. Walter Bagnell's murder in 1632 was followed by that of John Hobbey and Mary Schooley in 1637, and the next year Dorothy, the wife of John Talbie, was hanged for the "unnatural and untimely death of her daughter Difficult Talby." The daughter's christian name at once suggests unending possibilities.

In the winter of 1646 a case of infanticide was discovered in Boston. A daughter of Richard Martin had come up from Casco Bay to enter into service. She concealed her condition well and only when accused by a prying midwife was search made and the fact discovered. She was brought before a jury and caused to touch the face of the murdered infant, whereupon the blood came fresh into it. She then confessed. Governor Winthrop relates that at her death, one morning in March, "after she was turned off and had hung a space, she spake, and asked what they did mean to do. Then some stepped up, and turned the knot of the rope backward, and then she soon died."

This curious "ordeal of touch" had also been applied the previous year at Agamenticus on the Maine Coast when the wife of one Cornish, whose bruised body had been found in the river, with her suspected paramour, was subjected to this supreme test. It is recorded that the body bled freely when they approached which caused her to confess not only murder but adultery, both of which crimes were punishable by death. She was hanged.

Probably the last instance in Massachusetts when this "ordeal of touch" was inflicted, occurred in a little old meetinghouse in the parish of West Boxford, in Essex County, one July day in the year 1769. The previous December, Jonathan Ames had married Ruth, the eldest daughter of the widow Ruth Perley. He took his bride to the house of his parents, some five miles distant, and lived there. As in some instances since that time, the mother-in-law soon proved to be not in full sympathy with the young bride living under her roof. In May a child was born and a few days after the young mother died under circumstances which caused suspicion in the neighborhood. The body was hastily buried, none of the neighbors were invited to be present, and soon, about the parish, were flying rumors, which a month later crystalized into a direct accusation and a coroner's inquest. It was held in the meetinghouse that formerly stood in the sandy pasture near the old cemetery. The Salem newspaper records that the building was "much thronged by a promiscuous multitude of people."

The court opened with prayer, the coroners then gave the jury "their solemn charge" and then the entire company proceeded, "with decency and good order," over the winding roadway up the hill to the burying ground, where for five weeks had lain the body of the young bride. During the exhumation the crowd surged around the grave so eagerly that they were only held in check by the promise that all should have an opportunity to inspect the remains. The autopsy at the meetinghouse resulted in a report from the jury that Ruth Ames "came to her death by Felony (that is to say by poison) given to her by a Person or Persons to us unknown which murder is against the Peace of our said Lord the King, his Crown and Dignity." When it was found that no sufficient evidence could be adduced to hold either the husband of the murdered girl, or his mother, then was demanded an exhibition of that almost forgotten "ordeal of touch." The body was laid upon a table with a sheet over it and Jonathan and his mother were invited to prove their innocence by this gruesome test. The superstition required the suspected party to touch the neck of the deceased with the index finger of the left hand. Blood would immediately follow the touch of the guilty hand, the whiteness of the sheet of course making it plainly visible. Both mother and son refused to accept the ordeal. Whether or no they believed in the superstition, we never shall learn. Fear may have held them motionless before the accusing eyes. Certainly the nervous tension at such a time must have been very great.

The _Gazette_ states that the examination gave great occasion to conclude that they were concerned in the poisoning, and a week after the inquest they were arrested and confined in the ancient jail in Salem where the persons accused of witchcraft were imprisoned many years before. They were indicted and brought to trial. John Adams, afterwards President of the United States, then thirty-four years of age, was counsel for the accused. Jonathan Ames turned King's evidence against his mother. It was midnight before the counsel began their arguments and two of the three judges were explicit in summing up the evidence, that there was "a violent presumption" of guilt, but at nine o'clock in the morning the jury came in and rendered a verdict of "not guilty." May the result be attributed to John Adams's eloquence and logic or to the vagaries of our jury system?

But we are a long way from the third session of the Court of Assistants held September 28, 1630. Not until this time did the law begin to reach out for its victims. John Goulworth was ordered whipped and afterwards set in the stocks for felony, not named. One other was whipped for a like offence and two Salem men, one of whom has given us an honored line of descendants, were sentenced to sit in the stocks for four hours, for being accessory thereunto. Richard Clough's stock of strong water was ordered seized upon, because of his selling a great quantity thereof to servants, thereby causing much disorder. No person was to permit any Indian to use a gun under a penalty of £10. Indian corn must not be sold or traded with Indians or sent away without the limits of the Patent. Thomas Gray was enjoined to remove himself out of the Patent before the end of March, and the oath was administered to John Woodbury, the newly elected constable from Salem.

At the next session William Clark, who had been brought to book at a previous Court for overcharging Mr. Baker for cloth, now was prohibited cohabitation and frequent keeping company with Mrs. Freeman and accordingly was placed under bonds for a future appearance. Three years later this offender became one of the twelve who went to Agawam and founded the present town of Ipswich, and ten years later still another William Clark of Ipswich was sentenced to be whipped "for spying into the chamber of his master and mistress and reporting what he saw."

November 30, 1630, Sir Richard Saltonstall was fined £5, for whipping two persons without the presence of another assistant, as required by law; while Bartholomew Hill was whipped for stealing a loaf of bread, and John Baker suffered the same penalty for shooting at wild fowl on the Sabbath Day. And so continues the record of intermingled punishment and legislation.

The struggling communities that had planted themselves along the shores of the Massachusetts Bay largely had refused to conform to the rules and ordinances of the English Church. If the records of the Quarterly Courts are studied it will be seen that the settlers also failed to obey the rules and laws laid down by the magistrates of their own choosing. To be sure there were large numbers of indentured servants and the rough fishermen along the coastline have always been unruly. Much also may be attributed to the primitive and congested life in the new settlements. Simple houses of but few rooms and accommodating large families, surely are not conducive to gentle speech or modesty of manners nor to a strict morality. The craving desire for land holding, and the poorly defined and easily removed bounds naturally led to frequent actions for trespass, assault, defamation, slander and debt. The magistrates exercised unusual care in watching over the religious welfare of the people and in providing for the ministry. It has been stated frequently that in the olden times everyone went to church. The size of the meetinghouses, the isolated location of many of the houses, the necessary care of the numerous young children, and the interesting side lights on the manners of the times which appear in the court papers, all go to prove that the statement must not be taken literally. Absence from meeting, breaking the Sabbath, carrying a burden on the Lord's Day, condemning the church, condemning the ministry, scandalous falling out on the Lord's Day, slandering the church, and other misdemeanors of a similar character were frequent. A number of years before the Quakers appeared in the Colony it was no unusual matter for some one to disturb the congregation by public speeches either in opposition to the minister or to some one present. Zaccheus Gould, a very large landholder, in Topsfield, in the time of the singing the psalm one Sabbath afternoon sat himself down upon the end of the table about which the minister and the chief of the people sat, with his hat on his head and his back toward all the rest of them that sat about the table and although spoken to altered not his posture; and the following Sabbath after the congregation was dismissed he haranged the people and ended by calling goodman Cummings a "proud, probmatical, base, beggarly, pick thank fellow." Of course the matter was ventilated in the Salem Court.

At the February 29, 1648, session of the Salem Court eight cases were tried. A Gloucester man was fined for cursing, saying, "There are the brethren, the divil scald them." Four servants were fined for breaking the Sabbath by hunting and killing a raccoon in the time of the public exercise to the disturbance of the congregation. If the animal had taken to the deep woods instead of staying near the meetinghouse the servants might have had their fun without paying for it. A Marblehead man was fined for sailing his boat loaded with hay from Gloucester harbor, on the Lord's Day, when the people were going to the morning exercise. Nicholas Pinion, who worked at the Saugus Iron works, was presented for absence from meeting four Lord's Days together, spending his time drinking, and profanely; and Nicholas Russell of the same locality was fined for spending a great part of one Lord's day with Pinion in drinking strong water and cursing and swearing. He also had been spending much time with Pinion's wife, causing jealousy in the family; and the lady in question, having broken her bond for good behavior, was ordered to be severely whipped. The other cases were for swearing, in which the above named lady was included; for being disguised with drink; and for living from his wife. And so the Court ended.

A curious instance of Sabbath breaking occurred at Hampton in 1646. Aquila Chase and his wife and David Wheeler were presented at Ipswich Court for gathering peas on the Sabbath. They were admonished. The family tradition has it that Aquila returned from sea that morning and his wife, wishing to supply a delicacy for dinner, fell into grave error in thus pandering to his unsanctified appetite.

While we are discussing matters relating to the Sabbath and to the church it may be well to allude to the ministry. It has been shown that the first concern of the Court of Assistants was a provision for the housing and care of the ministry. Much the larger number were godly men actuated by a sincere desire to serve their people and to preserve their souls. But many of them were men, not saints, and so possessed of men's passions and weaknesses. While all exercised more or less influence over the communities in which they lived, yet the tangible result must have been negative in some instances. Take for example the small inland town of Topsfield, settled about 1639. Rev. William Knight rendered mission service for a short time early in the 40's and a dozen years later Rev. William Perkins moved into town from Gloucester. He had been one of the twelve who settled the town of Ipswich in 1633; afterwards he lived at Weymouth where he was selectman, representative to the General Court, captain of the local military company and also a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. He also was schoolmaster in 1650 and the next year appears at Gloucester as minister, from which place he soon drifted into Court. Cross suits for defamation and slander were soon followed by the presentment of Mrs. Holgrave for unbecoming speeches against Mr. Perkins, saying "if it were not for the law, shee would never come to the meeting, the teacher was so dead ... affirming that the teacher was fitter to be a ladys chamberman, than to be in the pulpit."

Mr. Perkins removed to Topsfield in 1656. The next year he tried to collect his salary by legal process and again in 1660. Three years later a church was organized and their first minister was settled. He was a Scotchman--Rev. Thomas Gilbert. Soon Mr. Perkins was summoned to Salem Court where Edward Richards declared in court before Mr. Perkins' face, that the latter being asked whither he was going, said, to hell, for aught he knew. Of course Mr. Perkins denied the testimony. Later in the same year he was fined for excessive drinking, it appearing that he stopped at the Malden ordinary and called for sack. But goody Hill told him that he had had too much already and Master Perkins replied, "If you think I am drunk let me see if I can not goe," and he went tottering about the kitchen and said the house was so full of pots and kettles that he could hardly go.

But what of Mr. Gilbert. Three years after his settlement Mr. Perkins appeared in Court and presented a complaint in twenty-seven

## particulars "that in public prayers and sermons, at several times

he uttered speeches of a high nature reproachful and scandalous to the King's majestie & his government." He was summoned into Court and bound over in £1000 to the next General Court where eventually he was solemnly admonished publicly in open court by the Honored Governor. With twenty-seven particulars, could a Scotchman restrain his tongue? Mr. Gilbert could not, and shortly Mr. Perkins brought two complaints of defamation of character. Mr. Gilbert also soon developed a love of wine for it appears by the court papers that one sacrament day, when the wine had been brought from the meetinghouse and poured into the golden cup, Mr. Gilbert drank most of it with the usual result, for he sank down in his chair, forgot to give thanks, and sang a Psalm with lisping utterance. He was late at the afternoon service, so that many went away before he came and Thomas Baker testified "I perceived that he was distempered in his head, for he did repeat many things many times over; in his prayer he lisped and when he had done to prayer, he went to singing & read the Psalm so that it could not be well understood and when he had done singing he went to prayer again, and when he had done he was going to sing again, but being desired to forbear used these expressions: I bless God I find a great deal of comfort in it; and coming out of the pulpit he said to the people I give you notice I will preach among you no more." His faithful wife testified that his conduct was due to a distemper that came upon him sometimes when fasting and in rainy weather. The following April he was again before the Court charged with many reproachful and reviling speeches for which he was found guilty and sharply admonished and plainly told "that if he shall find himself unable to demean himself more soberly and christianly, as became his office, they do think it more convenient for him to surcease from the exercise of any public employment." The stubborn Scot refused to submit and affixing a defiant paper to the meetinghouse door he deserted his office for three successive Sabbaths, when his exasperated people petitioned the Court to be freed from such "an intollerable burden" and so the relation ceased but not until further suits and counter suits had been tried for defamation, slander, and threatened assault.

His successor was Rev. Jeremiah Hobart, a Harvard graduate, who preached for a while at Beverly and found difficulty in collecting his salary. He remained at Topsfield eight years and during that time became a familiar figure at the County Courts, because of non-payment of salary, for cursing and swearing, and for a damaging suit for slander exhibiting much testimony discreditable to him. Even his brother ministers and the churches were not free from his reproachful and scandalous speeches so he at last was dismissed and two years later was followed by a godly man, Rev. Joseph Capen of Dorchester, who enjoyed a peaceful pastorate of nearly forty years.

The severe penalties of the English legal code were much modified in the Bay Colony but public executions continued until the middle of the nineteenth century and were usually more or less a public holiday. The condemned was taken in a cart through the streets to the gallows. Not infrequently a sermon was preached by some minister on the Sunday previous to the execution and speeches from the gallows always thrilled the crowd. The execution of pirates drew many people from some distance. Several Rhode Island murderers were executed and afterwards hung in chains. The gibbeting of the bodies of executed persons does not seem to have been general.[91]

[91] Robert Hunt, a lime seller of Boston, differing with a man, drew a sword and made two or three passes at him, upon which the man seized the sword and broke it and went for a warrant to apprehend Hunt who at once shut himself up in his house with a loaded gun and two pistols beside him. When the officers appeared he fired out of the window several times and wounded two boys but at last was taken and committed to prison where three days later he committed suicide by hanging "with an old single Garter." The same afternoon his body "was carried thro' the Town in a Cart, and buried near the Gallows, having a stake first drove thro' it."--_Boston Gazette_, Apr. 18, 1749.

While executions by burning took place in Europe, and Salem is sometimes accused of having burned witches at the stake, there are but two instances, so far as known, when this extreme penalty was inflicted in Massachusetts. The first occurred in 1681 when Maria, the negro servant of Joshua Lamb of Roxbury willfully set fire to her master's house, and was sentenced by the Court to be burned alive. The same year Jack, a negro servant, while searching for food set fire to the house of Lieut. William Clark of Northampton. He was condemned to be hanged and then his body was burnt to ashes in the same fire with Maria, the negress. The second instance of inflicting the penalty of burning alive occurred at Cambridge in the fall of 1755, when Phillis, a negro slave of Capt. John Codman of Charlestown, was so executed. She poisoned her master to death by using arsenic. A male slave Mark, who was an accomplice was hanged and the body afterwards suspended in chains beside the Charlestown highway where it remained for nearly twenty years.[92] Why was the woman deemed more culpable than the man in such instances of poisoning? The old English law so provided and at a later date, under Henry VIII, poisoners were boiled alive in oil. The last execution in Massachusetts for the crime of arson occurred on Salem Neck in 1821 when Stephen Merrill Clark, a Newburyport lad, fifteen years of age, paid the penalty. He had set fire to a barn in the night time endangering a dwelling house.

[92] Thursday last, in the Afternoon, _Mark_, a Negro Man, and _Phillis_, a Negro Woman, both Servants of the late Capt. _John Codman_, were executed at _Cambridge_, for poisoning their said Master, as mentioned in this Paper some Weeks ago. The Fellow was hanged, and the Woman burned at a Stake about Ten Yards distant from the Gallows. They both confessed themselves guilty of the Crime for which they suffered, acknowledged the Justice of their Sentence, and died very penitent. After Execution, the Body of _Mark_ was brought down to _Charlestown_ Common, and hanged in Chains, on a Gibbet erected there for that Purpose.--_Boston Evening-Post_, Sept. 22, 1755.

Ten years before the adoption of the "Body of Liberties," adultery became a capital crime in accordance with the Mosaic law. The first case was one John Dawe, for enticing an Indian woman. He was severely whipped, and at the next session of the General Court, the death penalty was ordered for the future. When we consider the freedom of manners of the time, the clothing worn by the women, the limited sleeping accommodations and the ignorance of the servants, it is remarkable that the penalty was inflicted in so few cases. The records are full of cases of fornication, uncleanness, wanton dalliance, unseemly behaviour, unchaste words, and living away from wife, and the more so during the earlier years. Possibly, the juries may have thought the penalty too severe and found the parties guilty only, of "adulterous behavior," which happened in Boston in 1645. This followed a case of the previous year where a young woman had married an old man out of pique and then received the attentions of a young man of eighteen. They both were hanged.

The Court Records of the County of Essex always must have a curious interest because of the witchcraft cases. But the first execution in Massachusetts for witchcraft did not take place in Salem, but in Boston, in 1648, when Margaret Jones of Charlestown was hanged. It was shown that she had a malignant touch, that she produced deafness, practiced physic, and that her harmless medicines produced violent effects. She foretold things which came to pass and lied at her trial and railed at the jury. The midwives found that mysterious excrescence upon her, and for all these crimes she was hanged, and as a proof from Heaven of the justice of her taking off there was a great tempest in Connecticut on the very hour she was executed.

But Essex County court records show several witchcraft cases during the first twenty-five years following the settlement. In September, 1650, Henry Pease of Marblehead, deposed that he heard Peter Pitford of Marblehead say that goodwife James was a witch and that he saw her in a boat at sea in the likeness of a cat, and that his garden fruits did not prosper so long as he lived near that woman, and that said Pitford often called her "Jesable." Erasmus James, her husband, promptly brought suit for slander, and at the next Court another suit for defamation by which he received 50s. damages. The court records show that this Jane James had previously made her appearance, for in June, 1639, Mr. Anthony Thatcher complained that she took things from his house. She and her husband were bound for her good behavior and "the boys to be whipped by the Governor of the Family where they had offended." Six years later, in September, 1645, John Bartoll said in open court that he could "prove Jane James a common lyer, a theif & a false forsworn woman," and a year later, in September, 1646, Thomas Bowen, and his wife, Mary, testified that Jane James spoke to William Barber in Bowen's house in Marblehead and Barber said, "get you out of doors you filthy old Baud or else I will cuttle your hide, you old filthy baggage," & he took up a firebrand but did not throw it at her. Peter Pitford's accusation was not the only one for in the following year John Gatchell said that Erasmus James's wife was an old witch and that he had seen her going in a boat on the water toward Boston, when she was in her yard at home. But Erasmus promptly brought suit in the Salem court and recovered a verdict in his favor.

There are several other cases before 1655. In October, 1650, Thomas Crauly of Hampton sued Ralph Hall for slander, for saying he had called Robert Sawyer's wife a witch.

John Bradstreet, a young man of Rowley, was presented at Court in 1652 for having familiarity with the devil, witnesses testifying that Bradstreet said that he read in a book of magic and that he heard a voice asking him what work he had for him to do, and Bradstreet answered "go make a bridge of sand over the sea, go make a ladder of sand up to Heaven and go to God and come down no more." There was much palaver but the Court showed common sense and Bradstreet was ordered to be fined or whipped for telling a lie.

In 1653 Christopher Collins of Lynn brought suit against Enoch Coldan for slander, for saying that Collins' wife was a witch and calling her a witch. The judgment however was for the defendant. Another accusation was promptly squelched in the fall of the same year.

Edmond Marshall of Gloucester unwisely stated publicly that Mistress Perkins, Goodey Evans, Goodey Dutch and Goodey Vincent were under suspicion of being witches. Their husbands at once brought suit for defamation of character and the verdict in each case was, that the defendant should make public acknowledgment within fourteen days in the meetinghouses at Salem, Ipswich and Gloucester.

To sentence a culprit to expiate his crime before the congregation in the meetinghouse was a common thing. The publicity, in theory, induced shame and thus served as a future deterrent. To sit in the stocks and then make public acknowledgment before the congregation was a favorite penalty. Sometimes the offender was ordered to stand at the church door with a paper on his hat inscribed with the crime he had committed. If for lying, a cleft stick might ornament his tongue. Whipping was the most frequent penalty, closely followed by the stocks, and after a time imprisonment became more common. The bilboes were used only in the earliest period. The use of the stocks and whipping post was discontinued in 1813 and not a single example seems to have survived in either museum or attic. The pillory was in use in State Street, Boston, as late as 1803, and two years before, John Hawkins stood one hour in the pillory in what is now Washington Street, Salem, and afterwards had one ear cropped--all for the crime of forgery. Branding the hand or cheek was also inflicted, and Hawthorne has made famous another form of branding, the wearing prominently upon the clothing, an initial letter of a contrary color, symbolizing the crime committed. This penalty was inflicted upon a man at Springfield, as late as October 7, 1754, and the law remained in force until February 17, 1785. As early as 1634 a Boston drunkard was sentenced to wear a red D about his neck for a year.[93]

[93] At the Court of Assize, at Springfield, the 2d Tuesday of September last, Daniel Bailey and Mary Rainer, of a Place adjoining to Sheffield in that county, were convicted of Adultery, and were sentenced to suffer the Penalty of the Law therefor, viz. to sit on the Gallows with a Rope about their Necks, for the Space of an Hour; to be whipt forty Stripes each, and to wear for ever after a Capital A, two Inches long, and proportionable in bigness, cut out in Cloth of a contrary Colour to their Cloaths, and sewed upon their upper Garments, either upon the outside of the arm, or on the back.--_Boston Evening-Post_, Oct. 9, 1752.

A case of incest in Deerfield: "the man was set upon the Gallows with a Rope about his Neck for the space of one Hour, to be whipped in his Way from thence to the Goal 30 stripes, and to wear a Capital I of two Inches long, and proportionable Bigness on his upper Garment for ever. Sentence against the Woman, for special Reasons, we hear, is respited for the present."--_Boston Evening-Post_, Oct. 7, 1754.

At the Superior Court held in Cambridge last week, one Hannah Dudley of Lincoln was convicted of repeatedly commiting Adultery and Fornication with her own Mother's husband, an old Man of 76 years of age. She was sentenced to be set upon the Gallows for the space of one Hour, with a Rope about her Neck, and the other end cast over the Gallows, and in the way from thence to the Common Goal, that she be severely whipped 30 stripes, and that she for ever after wear a Capital I of two inches long and proportionable bigness cut out in Cloth of a different Colour to her Cloaths, and sewed upon her upper Garment on the outside of her arm, or on her Back, in Open View. [No further mention is made of the step-father.]--_Boston News-Letter_, Aug. 16, 1759.

Massachusetts did not purge her laws from these ignominous punishments until 1813 when whipping, branding, the stocks, the pillory, cutting off ears, slitting noses, boring tongues, etc., were done away with.

There lived in Salem, nearly three centuries ago, a woman whose story is told by Governor Winthrop and the records of the Quarterly Courts. She was, in a sense, a forerunner of Anne Hutchinson and we may fancy at heart a suffragette. Her story gives you an outline picture of the manners of the times in a few details. Her name was Mary Oliver and her criminal record begins in June, 1638. Governor Winthrop relates: "Amongst the rest, there was a woman in Salem, one Oliver, his wife, who had suffered somewhat in England by refusing to bow at the name of Jesus, though otherwise she was conformable to all their orders. She was (for ability of speech, and appearance of zeal and devotion) far before Mrs. Hutchinson, and so the fitter instrument to have done hurt, but that she was poor and had little acquaintance. She took offence at this, that she might not be admitted to the Lord's supper without giving public satisfaction to the church of her faith, etc., and covenanting or professing to walk with them according to the rule of the gospel; so as upon the sacrament day she openly called for it, stood to plead her right, though she were denied; and would not forbear, before the magistrate, Mr. Endecott, did threaten to send the constable to put her forth. This woman was brought to the Court for disturbing the peace in the church, etc., and there she gave such premptory answers, as she was committed till she should find surities for her good behavior. After she had been in prison three or four days, she made means to the Governor and submitted herself, and acknowledged her fault in disturbing the church; whereupon he took her husband's bond for her good behavior, and discharged her out of prison. But he found, after, that she still held her former opinions, which were very dangerous, as, (I) that the church is the head of the people, both magistrates and ministers, met together and that these have power to ordain ministers, etc. (II) That all that dwell in the same town, and will profess their faith in Christ Jesus, ought to be received to the sacraments there; and that she was persuaded that, if Paul were at Salem, he would call all the inhabitants there saints. (III) That excommunication is no other but when Christians withdraw private communion from one that hath offended." September 24, 1639, this Mary Oliver was sentenced to prison in Boston indefinitely for her speeches at the arrival of newcomers. She was to be taken by the constables of Salem and Lynn to the prison in Boston. Her husband Thomas Oliver was bound in £20 for his wife's appearance at the next court in Boston.

Governor Winthrop continues: "About five years after, this woman was adjudged to be whipped for reproaching the magistrates. She stood without tying, and bore her punishment with a masculine spirit, glorying in her suffering. But after (when she came to consider the reproach, which would stick by her, etc.) she was much dejected about it. She had a cleft stick put on her tongue half an hour for reproaching the elders."

March 2, 1647-8, Mary Oliver was fined for working on the Sabbath day in time of public exercise; also for abusing Capt. Hathorne, uttering divers mutinous speeches, and denying the morality of the Sabbath. She was sentenced to sit in the stocks one hour next lecture day, if the weather be moderate; also for saying "You in New England are thieves and Robbers" and for saying to Mr. Gutch that she hoped to tear his flesh in pieces and all such as he was. For this she was bound to good behavior, and refusing to give bond was sent to Boston jail, and if she remained in the court's jurisdiction was to answer to further complaints at the next Salem Court.

It appears from depositions that she went to Robert Gutch's house in such gladness of spirit that he couldn't understand it, and she said to some there, not members, "Lift up your heads, your redemption draweth near," and when reminded what she already had been punished for, she said that she came out of that with a scarf and a ring.

November 15, 1648, Mary Oliver for living from her husband, was ordered to go to him before the next court, and in December she brought suit against John Robinson for false imprisonment, taking her in a violent manner and putting her in the stocks. She recovered a judgment of 10s. damages. The following February Mary Oliver was again presented at Court for living from her husband, and in July, having been ordered to go to her husband in England by the next ship, she was further enjoyned to go by the next opportunity on penalty of 20 li.

November 13, 1649, Mary Oliver was presented for stealing goats, and a month later she was presented for speaking against the Governor, saying that he was unjust, corrupt and a wretch, and that he made her pay for stealing two goats when there was no proof in the world of it. She was sentenced to be whipped next lecture day at Salem, if the weather be moderate, not exceeding twenty stripes. Capt. William Hathorne and Mr. Emanuel Downing were to see the sentence executed. At the same court George Ropes complained that Mary Oliver kept away a spade of his and she was fined 5s.

February 28, 1649-50, Mary Oliver thus far had escaped the second whipping, for at her request Mr. Batter asked that her sentence be respited, which the Court granted "if she doe go into the Bay with Joseph Hardy this day or when he goeth next into the Bay with his vessell" otherwise she was to be called forth by Mr. Downing and Capt. Hathorne and be punished. If she returned, the punishment was to hold good.

The next day Mary Oliver's fine was remitted to the end that she use it in transporting herself and children out of this jurisdiction within three weeks. And there ended her turbulent career in the town of Salem, so far as the Court records show.

Until comparatively recent times New England shipping sailed the seas in frequent danger of attack by pirate vessels. Before the town of Boston was settled, Capt. John Smith, "the Admiral of New England," wrote: "As in all lands where there are many people, there are some theeves, so in all Seas much frequented, there are some Pyrats," and as early as the summer of 1632, one Dixey Bull was plundering small trading vessels on the Maine coast and looting the settlement at Pemaquid. Shipping, sailing to and from England, was obliged to run the gauntlet of the Dutch and French privateers and the so-called pirates sailing out of Flushing and Ostend made several captures that affected the fortunes of the Boston traders. In 1644, the Great and General Court sitting in Boston, granted a commission to Capt. Thomas Bredcake to take Turkish pirates--the Algerines--who were a constant danger to vessels trading with Spain. John Hull, the mint-master who made the "pine tree shillings," had a brother Edward, who went a-pirating in Long Island Sound and after dividing the plunder made for England.

It was the treaty of peace between England and Spain, signed at Aix-la-Chapelle in 1668, that contributed largely to the great increase of piracy in the West Indies and along the New England coast. The peace released a great many men who found themselves unable to obtain employment in merchant ships and this was

## particularly true in the West Indies where the colonial governors

had commissioned a large number of privateers. It was but a step forward to continue that fine work without a commission after the war was over and to the mind of the needy seaman there was very little distinction between the lawfulness of one and the unlawfulness of the other. The suppression of buccaneering in the West Indies happened not long after and many of these adventurers raised a black flag and preyed upon the ships of every nation. The operation of the Navigation Acts also led to insecurity on the high seas and eventually to outright piracy; and so it came about that the pirate, the privateer, and the armed merchantman, often blended the one into the other.

The first trial and execution of pirates in Boston took place in 1672. Rev. Cotton Mather, the pastor of the North Church, Boston, in his "History of Some Criminals Executed in this Land," relates the story of the seizure of the ship _Antonio_, off the Spanish coast. She was owned in England and her crew quarrelled with the master and at last rose and turned him adrift in the ship's longboat with a small quantity of provisions. With him went some of the officers of the ship. The mutineers, or pirates as they were characterized at the time, then set sail for New England and on their arrival in Boston they were sheltered and for a time concealed by Major Nicholas Shapleigh, a merchant in Charlestown. He was also accused of aiding them in their attempt to get away. Meanwhile, "by a surprising providence of God, the Master, with his Afflicted Company in the Long-boat, also arrived; all, Except one who Dyed of the Barbarous Usage.

"The Countenance of the _Master_, who now become Terrible to the Rebellious _Men_, though they had _Escaped the Sea_, yet _Vengeance would not suffer them to Live a Shore_. At his Instance and Complaint, they were Apprehended; and the Ringleaders of this Murderous Pyracy, had sentence of Death Executed on them, in _Boston_."

The three men who were executed were William Forrest, Alexander Wilson, and John Smith. As for Major Shapleigh; he was fined five hundred pounds, which amount was afterwards abated to three hundred pounds because of "his estate not being able to beare it."

The extraordinary circumstances of this case probably induced the General Court to draw up the law that was enacted on October 15, 1673. By it piracy became punishable by death according to the local laws. Before then a kind of common law was in force in the Colony based upon Biblical law as construed by the leading ministers. Of course the laws of England were theoretically respected, but Massachusetts, in the wilderness, separated from England by three thousand miles of stormy water, in practice actually governed herself and made her own laws.

In 1675, the Court of Assistants found John Rhoade and certain Dutchmen guilty of piracy on the Maine coast and they were sentenced to be hanged "presently after the lecture." Just then, King Philip went on the warpath and all else, for the time, was forgotten in the fearful danger of the emergency. Before long the condemned men were released, some without conditions and others were banished from the Colony. It is fair to say, however, that politics and commercial greed were sadly mixed in this trial.

A bloody fight occurred at Tarpaulin Cove, near Woods Hole, in October, 1689, between a pirate sloop and a vessel sent out from Boston in pursuit. The pirate was taken and after trial the leader, Capt. Thomas Pound, late pilot of the King's frigate _Rose_, then at anchor in the harbor, Thomas Hawkins, a well-connected citizen of Boston, Thomas Johnston of Boston, "a limping privateer," and one Eleazer Buck, were sentenced to be hanged. When they were on the gallows Governor Bradstreet reprieved all save Johnston--"Which gave great disgust to the People; I fear it was ill done," wrote Judge Sewall. The same day one William Coward was hanged for piracy committed on the ketch _Elinor_, while at anchor at Nantasket Road.

The capture in Boston in 1699, of William Kidd, Joseph Bradish, born in Cambridge; Tee Wetherly, James Gillam, and other men concerned with the Madagascar pirates, created much excitement, but these men were tried in England and gibbetted at Hope Point on the Thames.

In June, 1704, a trial for piracy was held in the Old State House, and the testimony and proceedings were afterwards published. Captain John Quelch had sailed from Marblehead, the previous year, in command of a brigantine commissioned as a privateer. Instead of proceeding against the French off Newfoundland he had sailed south and on the coast of Brazil had captured and plundered several Portuguese vessels. While he was absent, a treaty of peace between England and Portugal had been signed and when Quelch returned to Marblehead harbor he learned that he had piratically taken various vessels belonging to subjects of "Her Majesty's good Allie," the King of Portugal. His arrest and trial followed and with six of his ship's company he was sentenced to be hanged on a gallows set up between high- and low-water mark off a point of land just below Copp's hill. The condemned were guarded by forty musketeers and the constables of the town and were preceded by the Provost Marshal and his officers. Great crowds gathered to see the execution. Judge Sewall in his diary comments on the great number of people on Broughton's hill, as Copp's hill was called at that time.

"But when I came to see how the River was cover'd with People, I was amazed: Some say there were 100 Boats. 150 Boats and Canoes, saith Cousin Moodey of York. Mr. Cotton Mather came with Capt. Quelch and six others for Execution from the Prison to Scarlet's Wharf, and from thence in the Boat to the place of Execution about midway between Hanson's [_sic_] point and Broughton's Warehouse. When the scaffold was hoisted to a due height, the seven Malefactors went up: Mr. Mather pray'd for them standing upon the Boat. Ropes were all fasten'd to the Gallows (save King, who was Repriev'd). When the scaffold was let to sink, there was such a Screech of the Women that my wife heard it sitting in our Entry next the Orchard, and was much surprised at it; yet the wind was sou-west. Our house is a full mile from the place."

Capt. Samuel Bellamy, in the pirate ship _Whydah_, was wrecked on Cape Cod near Wellfleet, the spring of 1717, and 142 men were drowned. Six pirates who reached shore were tried in Boston and sentenced to be hanged "at Charlestown Ferry within the flux and reflux of the Sea." After the condemned were removed from the courtroom the ministers of the town took them in hand and "bestowed all possible '_Instructions_ upon the Condemned Criminals; often _Pray'd_ with them; often _Preached_ to them; often _Examined_ them; and _Exhorted_ them; and presented them with Books of Piety.'" At the place of execution, Baker and Hoof appeared penitent and the latter joined with Van Vorst in singing a Dutch psalm. John Brown, on the contrary, broke out into furious expressions with many oaths and then fell to reading prayers, "not very pertinently chosen," remarks the Rev. Cotton Mather. He then made a short speech, at which many in the assembled crowd trembled, in which he advised sailors to beware of wicked living and if they fell into the hands of pirates, to have a care what countries they came into. Then the scaffold fell and six twitching bodies, outlined against the sky, ended the spectacle.

In 1724 the head of Capt. John Phillips, the pirate, was brought into Boston in pickle. He had been killed by "forced men" who had risen and taken the pirate ship. Only two of his company lived to reach Boston for trial and execution, and one of them, John Rose Archer, the quartermaster, was sentenced to be "hung up in Irons, to be a spectacle, and so a Warning to others." The gibbet was erected on Bird Island which was located about half-way between Governor's Island and East Boston. In the Marshal's bill for expenses in connection with the execution appears the following item:

"To Expenses for Victuals and Drink for the Sherifs, Officers and Constables after the Executions att Mrs. Mary Gilberts her Bill £3.15.8."

The enforcement of the English statute relating to piracy was variously interpreted in the Colonial courts, and local enactments sometimes superseded it in actual practice. Previous to 1700, the statute required that men accused of piracy should be sent to England to be tried before a High Court of Admiralty. Pound, Hawkins, Bradish, Kidd, and other known pirates were accordingly sent in irons to London for trial. But the difficulties and delays, to say nothing of the expense, induced Parliament by an Act of 11 and 12 William III, to confer authority by which trials for piracy might be held by Courts of Admiralty sitting in the Colonies. On the other hand, the Massachusetts Court of Assistants in 1675 found John Rhoades and others, guilty of piracy. This was in accordance with an order adopted by the Great and General Court on October 15, 1673. When Robert Munday was tried at Newport, R. I., in 1703, it was by a jury in the ordinary criminal court, in open disregard of the King's commission.

The Courts of Admiralty held in the Colonies were composed of certain officials designated in the Royal commission, including the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, the Judge of the Vice-Admiralty for the Province, the Chief Justice, the Secretary, Members of the Council, and the Collector of Customs. Counsel was assigned to the accused to advise and to address the Court "upon any matter of law," but the practice at that time was different from the present. Accused persons in criminal cases were obliged to conduct their own defence and their counsel were not permitted to cross-examine witnesses, the legal theory at the time being that the facts in the case would appear without the necessity of counsel; that the judge could be trusted to see this properly done; and the jury would give the prisoner the benefit of any reasonable doubt.

Trials occupied but a short time and executions generally took place within a few days after the sentence of the Court was pronounced. During the interval the local clergy labored with the condemned to induce repentance, and all the terrors of hell were pictured early and late. Usually, the prisoners were made the principal figures in a Sunday spectacle and taken through the streets to the meetinghouse of some prominent minister, there to be gazed at by a congregation that crowded the building, while the reverend divine preached a sermon suited to the occasion. This discourse was invariably printed and avidly read by the townsfolk, so that few copies have survived the wear and tear of the years. From these worn pamphlets may be learned something of the lives and future of the prisoners as reflected by the mental attitude of the attending ministers.

The day of execution having arrived, the condemned prisoners were marched in procession through the crowded streets safely guarded by musketeers and constables. The procession included prominent officials and ministers and was preceded by the Marshal of the Admiralty Court carrying "the Silver Oar," his emblem of authority. This was usually about three feet long and during the trial was also carried by him in the procession of judges to the courtroom where it was placed on the table before the Court during the proceedings.

Time-honored custom, and the Act of Parliament as well, required that the gallows should be erected "in such place upon the sea, or within the ebbing or flowing thereof, as the President of the Court ... shall appoint," and this necessitated the construction of a scaffold or platform suspended from the framework of the gallows by means of ropes and blocks. When an execution took place on land, that is to say, on solid ground easily approached, it was the custom at that time to carry the condemned in a cart under the crossarm of the gallows and after the hangman's rope had been adjusted around the neck and the signal had been given, the cart would be driven away and the condemned person left dangling in the air. In theory, the proper adjustment of the knot in the rope and the short fall from the body of the cart when it was driven away, would be sufficient to break the bones of the neck and also cause strangulation; but in practice this did not always occur.

When pirates were executed on a gallows placed between "the ebb and flow of the tide," the scaffold on which they stood was allowed to fall by releasing the ropes holding it suspended in mid-air. This was always the climax of the spectacle for which thousands of spectators had gathered from far and near.

Not infrequently the judges of a Court of Admiralty had brought before them for trial a pirate whose career had been more infamous than the rest. A cruel and bloody-minded fellow fit only for a halter,--and then the sentence to be hanged by the neck until dead would be followed by another judgment, dooming the lifeless body of the pirate to be hanged in chains from a gibbet placed on some island or jutting point near a ship channel, there to hang "a sun drying" as a warning to other sailormen of evil intent. In Boston harbor there were formerly two islands--Bird Island and Nix's Mate--on which pirates were gibbeted.[94] Bird Island long since disappeared and ships now anchor where the gibbet formerly stood. Nix's Mate was of such size that early in the eighteenth century the selectmen of Boston advertised its rental for the pasturage of cattle. Today every foot of its soil has been washed away and the point of a granite monument alone marks the site of the island where formerly a pirate hung in chains beside the swiftly flowing tides.

[94] On Tuesday the 12th Instant, about 3 p.m. were executed for Piracy, Murder, etc., three of the Condemned Persons mentioned in our Last viz. _William Fly_, Capt., _Samuel Cole_, Quarter-Master, and _Henry Greenville_.... _Fly_ behaved himself very unbecoming even to the last; ... Their Bodies were carried in a Boat to a small Island call'd Nicks's-Mate, about 2 Leagues from the Town, where the above said _Fly_ was hung up in Irons, as a spectacle for the warning of others, especially sea-faring men; the other Two were buried there.--_Boston News-Letter_, July 7-14, 1726.

What constitutes a crime? It all depends upon the minds of the people and oftentimes upon the judges. Manners and crimes vary with the centuries as do dress and speech. Here are some of the crimes penalized by Essex County Courts before the year 1655, viz.: eavesdropping, meddling, neglecting work, taking tobacco, scolding, naughty speeches, profane dancing, kissing, making love without consent of friends, uncharitableness to a poor man in distress, bad grinding at mill, carelessness about fire, wearing great boots, wearing broad bone lace and ribbons. Between 1656 and 1662 we find others, viz.: abusing your mother-in-law, wicked speeches against a son-in-law, confessing himself a Quaker, cruelty to animals, drinking tobacco, _i.e._, smoking, kicking another in the street, leaving children alone in the house, opprobrious speeches, pulling hair, pushing his wife, riding behind two fellows at night (this was a girl, Lydia by name), selling dear, and sleeping in meeting. The next five years reveal the following, viz.: breaking the ninth commandment, dangerous well, digging up the grave of the Sagamore of Agawam, going naked into the meetinghouse, playing cards, rebellious speeches to parents, reporting a scandalous lie, reproaching the minister, selling strong water by small measure, and dissenting from the rest of the jury.

With such minute supervision of the daily life of the colonists it can readily be appreciated that it was an age for gossiping, meddlesome interference with individual life and liberty and that in the course of time nearly every one came before the courts as complainant, defendant or witness. There were few amusements or intellectual diversions and they could only dwell on the gossip and small doings of their immediate surroundings. But all the while there was underlying respect for law, religion and the rights of others. The fundamental principles of human life were much the same as at the present day, and men and women lived together then as now and as they always will--with respect and love.

_Are the Times Improving?_

Edward Johnson's estimate in his _Wonder-working Providence_ supposes in 1643, a population in Massachusetts of about 15,000. There were then 31 towns in the Bay Colony, of which 10 were within the limits of the present Essex County. The population of these 10 towns was probably about 6,000. They were located for the most part along the shore line. The same geographical area in 1915 had a population of about 360,000, or exactly 60 times as great as the population in 1643, 272 years before.

_1643_ _1915_ Population 6,000 360,000 Increase in 272 years--60 times as great. In 1643, 1 person in 60 was a criminal. In 1915, 1 person in 600 was a criminal. 10 times more crime in 1643 according to population. Murder (4), manslaughter (6), assault to murder (2) 0 12 Arson 0 7 Robbery, breaking and entering, etc. 8 165 Assault of various kinds 10 86 Drunkenness 7 70 Illegal sale of liquor 0 74 Sexual crimes, including bastardy, streetwalking, etc. 6 71 Living from wife 14 0 Non-support and desertion 0 48 Profanity, reproachful speeches, evil speeches, etc. 13 2 Extortion, oppression, shortweight, etc. 7 5 Idle and disorderly 3 22 Slander and libel 1 3 Forgery 0 3 Lying and perjury 2 0 Breaking the Sabbath 5 1 Misc. Putting oxen in field, absence from watch, neglect of a servant, etc. 25 -- Delinquency, cruelty to horse, adulterating drugs, automobile cases, junk dealers fines, etc. -- 39 ---- ---- Total 101 607

In 1643--7 were servants. In 1915--251 were South European names and a large part of the remainder were Irish.

ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate No.

_The Governor's "Fayre House," 1630 Colonial Village, Salem._ 1

_English Merchant Vessel of about 1620._ 2

_English Merchantman of 1655._ 3

_Dutch Ship of about 1620._ 4

_Governor John Endecott._ 5

_Colonial Village of 1630, at Salem, Mass._ 6

_English Wigwams._ 7

_Framework of English Wigwams._ 7

_Thatch-roofed Cottages._ 8

_Interior of an English Wigwam._ 8

_Front Entry and Stairs in the Governor's "Fayre House."_ 9

_Hall in the Governor's "Fayre House."_ 10

_Damme Garrison House, Dover, N. H._ 11

_Corner of McIntyre Garrison House, York, Me._ 12

_Corner of Bunker Garrison House, Durham, N. H._ 12

_Fairbanks House, Dedham, Mass._ 13

_Frame of the Fairbanks House, Dedham, Mass._ 14

_Frame of the Whipple-Matthews House, Hamilton, Mass._ 15

_Wattle and Daub in England._ 16

_Corwin-"Witch House," Salem, Mass._ 16

_Spencer-Pierce House, Newbury, Mass._ 17

_Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass._ 18

_Front Door of Parson Capen House._ 19

_Front Entry and Stairs Parson Capen House._ 20

_Overhang and Drops, Parson Capen House._ 21

_John Ward House, Salem, Mass._ 22

_Kitchen in John Ward House._ 22

_Jethro Coffin House, Nantucket, Mass._ 23

_Weatherboarding on Saxton House, Deerfield, Mass._ 24

_Harvard College in 1726._ 25

_Diamond-pane, Leaded Glass Sash._ 26

_Crown Glass Window Sash._ 26

_Framing Details, Moulthrop House, E. Haven, Conn._ 27

_Wooden Latch of about 1710._ 28

_Knocker, Latch and Bolt, Indian House, Deerfield._ 28

_Wrought-Iron Door Latches._ 29

_Parlor in John Ward House, Salem, Mass._ 30

_Kitchen in John Ward House, Salem, Mass._ 30

_Parlor in Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass._ 31

_Kitchen in Parson Capen House, Topsfield, Mass._ 31

_The Dash Churn._ 32

_Court Cupboard of about 1660._ 33

_Recessed Court Cupboard of about 1680._ 34

_Oaken Chest on Frame of about 1655._ 35

_Cane-Back Arm Chair, 1680-1690._ 36

_Banister-Back Chair of about 1720._ 37

_Leonard House, Raynham, Mass._ Page 52

_Quilting Party in the Olden Time._ 38

_Counterpane made from a Blanket Sheet._ 39

_Quilted Counterpane._ 40

_Counterpane with Crewel-Work Decoration._ 41

_John Winthrop, the Younger._ 42

_Rev. Richard Mather._ 43

_Doctor John Clarke._ 44

_Mrs. Elizabeth (Paddy) Wensley._ 45

_Mrs. Elizabeth (Clarke) Freake and Daughter Mary._ 46

_Margaret Gibbs._ 47

_Alice Mason._ 48

_David, Joanna and Abigail Mason._ 49

_Capt. Thomas Smith._ 50

_Major Thomas Savage._ 51

_Edward Rawson._ 52

_Rebecca Rawson._ 53

_Chief Justice Samuel Sewall._ 54

_Rev. Cotton Mather._ 55

_Nathan Fessenden and His Sister Caroline._ 56

_Wellcurb at the John Ward House, Salem._ 57

_The Sower._ 58

_Tracing Seed Corn._ 59

_A Farmyard Scene._ 60

_Horses and a Rail Fence._ 61

_Loading Hay on an Oxcart._ 62

_Gundalow Loaded with Salt Hay._ 63

_Brushing up the Hearth._ 64

_An Old Hand Loom._ 65

_Woman Smoking a Pipe._ 66

_Title-Page of "The Day of Doom."_ 67

_Relief Portrait of Rev. Grindall Rawson._ 68

_Gravestone of Mrs. Mary Rous, 1715._ 68

_Gravestone of William Dickson, 1692._ 69

_Gravestone of Capt. John Carter, 1692._ 69

_Fire Back Cast in 1660._ 70

_Price Sheet of Joseph Palmer._ 71

_Weights and Values of Coins._ 72

_Man using a Shingle Horse._ 73

_An Old Basket Maker._ 74

_Charcoal Burners Preparing a Kiln._ 75

_Spinning with the Wool Wheel._ 76

_Old-Time Hand Loom._ 77

_Prospect of the Harbor and Town of Boston, 1723._ 78

_View of Castle William and a Ship of War, 1729._ 79

_View of Boston Light and an Armed Sloop, 1729._ 80

_Ship "Bethel" of Boston, 1748._ 81

_New England Shilling, 1650._ 82

_Pine Tree Shilling, 1652._ 82

_Willow Tree and Oak Tree Shilling, 1662._ 82

_Massachusetts Paper Money of 1690._ 83

_Massachusetts Parchment Money of 1722._ 84

_Manufactory Bill of 1740._ 85

_Massachusetts Paper Money of 1744._ 86

_An Execution by Hanging._ 87

_Seth Hudson's Speech from the Pillory._ 88

_The Trial of Capt. John Quelch._ 89

_Sermon on Some Miserable Pirates._ 90

_John Bateman's House built in Boston in 1679._ Page 233

_Casement Window Frame and Sash._ Page 238

SECTION OF ILLUSTRATIONS

[Illustration: THE GOVERNOR'S "FAYRE HOUSE" IN THE 1630 COLONIAL VILLAGE AT SALEM]

_Plate 1_

[Illustration: ENGLISH MERCHANT VESSEL AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

From the model of an "English Merchantman of the size and date of the _Mayflower_", built by R. C. Anderson for the Pilgrim Society, Plymouth, Mass. Courtesy of the Marine Research Society]

_Plate 2_

[Illustration: AN ENGLISH MERCHANTMAN OF 1655

Showing the Rigging Plan. From Miller's _Complete Modellist_. Courtesy of the Marine Research Society]

_Plate 3_

[Illustration: A DUTCH SHIP OF ABOUT 1620

From Furttenbach's _Architectura Navalis_, 1629. Courtesy of the Marine Research Society]

_Plate 4_

[Illustration: GOVERNOR JOHN ENDECOTT 1558-1665 From the original painting in the possession of William C. Endicott, jr.]

_Plate 5_

[Illustration: THE COLONIAL VILLAGE ERECTED IN 1930 AT SALEM, MASSACHUSETTS]

_Plate 6_

[Illustration: ENGLISH WIGWAMS, FIRST TWO COVERED WITH BARK 1630 Colonial Village, Salem, Massachusetts]

[Illustration: FRAMEWORK OF THE ENGLISH WIGWAMS 1630 Colonial Village, Salem, Massachusetts]

_Plate 7_

[Illustration: THATCH-ROOFED, ONE-ROOM COTTAGES; THE SQUARE OF THE 1630 COLONIAL VILLAGE SHOWING THE PILLORY AND STOCKS]

[Illustration: INTERIOR OF AN ENGLISH WIGWAM 1630 Colonial Village, Salem, Massachusetts]

_Plate 8_

[Illustration: FRONT ENTRY AND STAIRS IN THE GOVERNOR'S "FAYRE HOUSE" 1630 Colonial Village, Salem, Massachusetts]

_Plate 9_

[Illustration: THE "HALL" IN THE GOVERNOR'S "FAYRE HOUSE" IN THE 1630 COLONIAL VILLAGE AT SALEM]

_Plate 10_

[Illustration: REAR VIEW OF WILLIAM DAMME GARRISON HOUSE, DOVER, N. H.

Built before 1698 and now preserved on the grounds of the Woodman Institute, Dover]

_Plate 11_

[Illustration: CORNER OF THE MCINTYRE GARRISON HOUSE, NEAR YORK, ME.

Built in 1640 to 1645, therefore contemporary with the earliest possible Swedish buildings in the Delaware Valley, and possibly the oldest log structure standing in the United States.

Courtesy of the Bucks County Historical Society.]

[Illustration: DOVETAILED LOGS AT THE CORNER OF THE BUNKER GARRISON HOUSE DURHAM, N. H.

Built _ca._ 1690. From a photograph made in 1911]

_Plate 12_

[Illustration: THE FAIRBANKS HOUSE, DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS

Built _ca._ 1637. Courtesy of the Walpole Society]

_Plate 13_

[Illustration: THE FRAME OF THE FAIRBANKS HOUSE

DEDHAM, MASS. BUILT _CA._ 1637

From Isham, _Early American Houses_, 1928. Courtesy of the Walpole Society]

_Plate 14_

[Illustration: THE FRAME OF AN ORIGINAL LEANTO HOUSE--THE WHIPPLE-MATTHEWS HOUSE, HAMILTON, MASS. BUILT _CA._ 1690

From Isham, _Early American Houses_, 1928. Courtesy of the Walpole Society]

_Plate 15_

[Illustration: WATTLE AND DAUB IN ENGLAND

From Oliver, _Old Houses and Villages in East Anglia_.

Courtesy of the Walpole Society]

[Illustration: THE CORWIN-"WITCH HOUSE," SALEM. BUILT BEFORE 1678

From an old watercolor at the Essex Institute]

_Plate 16_

[Illustration: THE SPENCER-PIERCE HOUSE, NEWBURY, MASS.

Built about 1651. This house of the smaller English manor house type, has the only original two-story porch and porch chamber now existing in New England. Courtesy of the Essex Institute]

_Plate 17_

[Illustration: PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.

Built in 1683]

_Plate 18_

[Illustration: PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.

Front Door]

_Plate 19_

[Illustration: PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.

Front entry and stairs]

_Plate 20_

[Illustration: PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.

Overhang and one of the "drops"]

_Plate 21_

[Illustration: THE JOHN WARD HOUSE, SALEM. BUILT IN 1684

Showing overhanging second story, gable windows and casement sash]

[Illustration: JOHN WARD HOUSE, SALEM, MASS.

The kitchen showing roasting jack, settle, birch broom, hands of seed corn, etc.]

_Plate 22_

[Illustration: THE JETHRO COFFIN HOUSE, NANTUCKET, MASSACHUSETTS

Built in 1686. From a photograph made about 1880]

_Plate 23_

[Illustration: REAR OF THE SAXTON HOUSE, DEERFIELD, MASS.

Showing unpainted weatherboarding]

_Plate 24_

[Illustration: PROSPECT OF THE COLLEGES IN CAMBRIDGE IN 1726

From an engraving, after a drawing by William Burgis]

_Plate 25_

[Illustration: DIAMOND-PANE, LEADED GLASS, DOUBLE SASH

Period of 1675-1700; in museum of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston]

[Illustration: CROWN GLASS WINDOW SASH

Period of 1725-1750; in museum of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities, Boston]

_Plate 26_

[Illustration: FRAMING DETAILS OF THE MOULTHROP HOUSE, EAST HAVEN, CONN.

Built before 1700. Showing methods of construction to be found everywhere in New England

Drawing by J. Frederick Kelley]

_Plate 27_

[Illustration: WOODEN LATCH OF ABOUT 1710

Found in the French-Andrews House, Topsfield]

[Illustration: KNOCKER, LATCH AND BOLT ON THE DOOR OF THE "OLD INDIAN HOUSE"

Built in 1698 at Deerfield, Mass.]

_Plate 28_

[Illustration: TYPES OF WROUGHT-IRON DOOR LATCHES

FIG. A FIG. B FIG. C

_Figure_ A. An inner door, wrought-iron latch that may have been made by a local blacksmith. Outer door latches were of similar type but larger. The lifts were made straight until about 1800 and the thumb-press was not saucered until about the same time. There is great individuality in the ornamentation, varying with the fancy of the smith.

_Figure_ B. This latch was imported from England. It was cheap and in common use between 1750 and 1820. The cusp, resembling the outline of a lima bean, and the grasp, thumb piece and lift are always flat.

_Figure_ C. The Norfolk latch appeared about 1800 and until about 1810 was made with a straight lift. The grasp is riveted to the plate of sheet iron as is the end of the bar and after about 1825, the catch. This latch was commonly used in the 1830's. After 1840 the cast-iron latch was generally adopted.]

_Plate 29_

[Illustration: JOHN WARD HOUSE, SALEM, MASS.

The Parlor]

[Illustration: JOHN WARD HOUSE, SALEM, MASS.

Corner of the kitchen showing dresser with its "dress of pewter," wash bench, meal chest, wooden ware, etc.]

_Plate 30_

[Illustration: PARLOR IN PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.

Built 1683]

[Illustration: DRESSER IN THE KITCHEN OF THE PARSON CAPEN HOUSE, TOPSFIELD, MASS.]

_Plate 31_

[Illustration: THE DASH CHURN

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 32_

[Illustration: AMERICAN COURT CUPBOARD. ABOUT 1660

Owned by Gregory Stone of Watertown and Cambridge Courtesy Concord Antiquarian Society]

_Plate 33_

[Illustration: RECESSED COURT CUPBOARD OF AMERICAN OAK About 1680. From the Dwight M. Prouty collection]

_Plate 34_

[Illustration: A SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY OAKEN CHEST ON FRAME

Probably made about 1651-1655 for Samuel and Hannah Appleton of Ipswich, Mass.]

_Plate 35_

[Illustration: CANE-BACK ARM CHAIR, 1680-1690

From the family of Hon. Peter Bulkley

Courtesy Concord Antiquarian Society]

_Plate 36_

[Illustration: BANISTER-BACK CHAIR, ABOUT 1720

Courtesy Concord Antiquarian Society]

_Plate 37_

[Illustration: A QUILTING BEE IN THE OLDEN TIME

From a drawing by H. W. Pierce]

_Plate 38_

[Illustration: COUNTERPANE MADE FROM A BLANKET SHEET

Embroidered in blue, greenish blue, red and yellow]

_Plate 39_

[Illustration: QUILTED COUNTERPANE MADE IN BEVERLY, MASS., BEFORE THE REVOLUTION]

_Plate 40_

[Illustration: COUNTERPANE WITH PATTERN WORKED IN INDIGO BLUE ON A HOMESPUN LINEN SHEET]

_Plate 41_

[Illustration: JOHN WINTHROP THE YOUNGER

1606-1676

Founder of Ipswich and Governor of Connecticut

From the original portrait in possession of Mrs. Robert Winthrop]

_Plate 42_

[Illustration: REV. RICHARD MATHER

1596-1669

From a wood engraving by John Foster made in 1669]

_Plate 43_

[Illustration: DOCTOR JOHN CLARKE

1601-1664

Practiced in Newbury, Ipswich and Boston

Courtesy of Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 44_

[Illustration: MRS. ELIZABETH (PADDY) WENSLEY

Painted in Boston about 1670-1675

Courtesy of the Pilgrim Society, Plymouth]

_Plate 45_

[Illustration: MRS. ELIZABETH (CLARKE) FREAKE AND DAUGHTER MARY

Painted in Boston in 1674

Courtesy of Mrs. William B. Scofield]

_Plate 46_

[Illustration: MARGARET GIBBS

Daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Sheaffe) Gibbs of Boston

Dated 1670. Courtesy of Mrs. Alexander Quarrier Smith]

_Plate 47_

[Illustration: ALICE MASON

Painted in 1670, aged two years

Daughter of Arthur and Joanna (Parker) Mason of Boston

Courtesy of the Adams Memorial]

_Plate 48_

[Illustration: DAVID, JOANNA AND ABIGAIL MASON

Children of Arthur and Joanna (Parker) Mason of Boston

Painted in 1670. Courtesy of Mr. Paul M. Hamlen]

_Plate 49_

[Illustration: CAPTAIN THOMAS SMITH

A self portrait

May have painted the portraits of Major Savage and Capt. George Corwin

Courtesy of the American Antiquarian Society]

_Plate 50_

[Illustration: MAJOR THOMAS SAVAGE

1640-1705

Born and died in Boston

Courtesy of Mr. Henry L. Shattuck]

_Plate 51_

[Illustration: EDWARD RAWSON

1615-1693

Secretary of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. From the painting by an unknown artist, now owned by the New England Historic Genealogical Society]

_Plate 52_

[Illustration: REBECCA RAWSON

1656-1692

From the painting by an unknown artist, now owned by the New England Historic Genealogical Society]

_Plate 53_

[Illustration: SAMUEL SEWALL

1652-1730

Chief Justice of the Superior Court in Massachusetts, 1718-1728

From an original painting in possession of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 54_

[Illustration: REV. COTTON MATHER

1663-1728

Pastor of the Second (North) Church, Boston, 1685-1728

From a mezzotint by Peter Pelham after a portrait painted in 1728]

_Plate 55_

[Illustration: NATHAN FESSENDEN AND HIS SISTER CAROLINE

From a photograph taken about 1885 in Lexington, Mass.

Showing costume of a much earlier date]

_Plate 56_

[Illustration: WELLCURB AT THE JOHN WARD HOUSE, SALEM, MASS.

Showing wellsweep, wooden bucket and girl dressed in the costume of the late seventeenth century]

_Plate 57_

[Illustration: THE SOWER

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 58_

[Illustration: TRACING SEED CORN IN A FARMER'S BARN

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 59_

[Illustration: A FARMYARD SCENE AT DEERFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 60_

[Illustration: HORSES AND A RAIL FENCE

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 61_

[Illustration: LOADING HAY ON AN OXCART

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 62_

[Illustration: GUNDALOW LOADED WITH SALT HAY

From a photograph made by Miss Emma L. Coleman, about 1880, on Parker River, Newbury, Mass.

Similar craft were early used in Boston harbor and with a stump mast and lateen sail carried cargo up the Merrimack River]

_Plate 63_

[Illustration: BRUSHING UP THE HEARTH. NIMS HOUSE, DEERFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 64_

[Illustration: THE OLD HAND LOOM

Used a hundred years ago by Mrs. Jane Morrill Cummings

The harness and reeds are modern]

_Plate 65_

[Illustration: A BACK DOOR SCENE

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 66_

[Illustration: TITLE-PAGE OF "THE DAY OF DOOM"

From the original owned by the late John W. Farwell]

_Plate 67_

[Illustration: REV. GRINDALL RAWSON

Minister at Mendon, Mass. Born 1659, died 1715

Portrait cut on his gravestone]

[Illustration: GRAVESTONE OF MRS. MARY ROUS

CHARLESTOWN, MASS., 1715]

_Plate 68_

[Illustration: GRAVESTONE OF WILLIAM DICKSON, CAMBRIDGE, MASS., 1692]

[Illustration: GRAVESTONE OF CAPT. JOHN CARTER, WOBURN, MASS., 1692]

_Plate 69_

[Illustration: FIRE BACK CAST AT THE SAUGUS IRON WORKS IN 1660 FOR THE PICKERING HOUSE, SALEM

The letters I A P stand for John Pickering and Alice his wife]

_Plate 70_

[Illustration: PRICE SHEET OF JOSEPH PALMER & CO., CHANDLERS

Engraved by Nathaniel Hurd]

_Plate 71_

[Illustration: WEIGHTS AND VALUES OF COINS

A table engraved by Nathaniel Hurd of Boston

Original engravings are owned by the American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, and the Pocumtuck Valley Museum, Deerfield]

_Plate 72_

[Illustration: SHINGLE HORSE ON WHICH WERE SHAVED SHINGLES, CLAPBOARDS AND BARREL STAVES

From a photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 73_

[Illustration: AN OLD BASKET MAKER

Dried apples hang on strings against the wall]

_Plate 74_

[Illustration: CHARCOAL BURNERS PREPARING A KILN

From a photograph made in 1884 by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 75_

[Illustration: SPINNING WITH THE WOOL WHEEL

Photograph by Miss Emma L. Coleman]

_Plate 76_

[Illustration: AN OLD-TIME NEW ENGLAND LOOM

Now in the museum of the Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities]

_Plate 77_

[Illustration: PROSPECT OF THE HARBOR AND TOWN OF BOSTON IN 1723

From an engraving (central part only) after a drawing by William Burgis]

_Plate 78_

[Illustration: A VIEW OF CASTLE WILLIAM, BOSTON, ABOUT 1729

Showing a ship of war of the period, probably after a drawing by William Burgis]

_Plate 79_

[Illustration: VIEW OF BOSTON LIGHT IN 1729 AND AN ARMED SLOOP

From the only known example of a mezzotint engraved in 1729 after a drawing by William Burgis]

_Plate 80_

[Illustration: SHIP "BETHEL" OF BOSTON

_Owned by Josiah Quincy and Edward Jackson_

From an oil painting made about 1748, showing the vessel in two positions

The earliest known painting of a New England ship. Now owned by the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 81_

[Illustration: NEW ENGLAND SHILLING

Minted in 1650-1652. Obverse and reverse. From a coin in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

[Illustration: PINE TREE SHILLING

Minted in 1652. Obverse and reverse. From a coin in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

[Illustration:

WILLOW TREE SHILLING OAK TREE SHILLING

Minted in 1662 and soon after. From coins in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 82_

[Illustration: MASSACHUSETTS PAPER MONEY OF 1690

The first paper money issued by any colony

From an original in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 83_

[Illustration: MASSACHUSETTS PAPER MONEY PRINTED ON PARCHMENT IN 1722

From originals in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 84_

[Illustration: A MASSACHUSETTS MANUFACTORY BILL OF 1740

From an original in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 85_

[Illustration: MASSACHUSETTS PAPER MONEY OF 1744

From an original in the cabinet of the Massachusetts Historical Society]

_Plate 86_

[Illustration: AN EARLY EXECUTION BY HANGING

The cart which brought to the gallows the condemned man and his coffin is in the foreground, and behind it, on horseback, is the sheriff]

_Plate 87_

[Illustration: SETH HUDSON'S SPEECH FROM THE PILLORY

Caricature engraved by Nathaniel Hurd]

_Plate 88_

[Illustration: Paper givng condemnation of Quelch and others]

_Plate 89_

[Illustration: ad page]

_Plate 90_

APPENDIX A

BUILDING AGREEMENTS IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY MASSACHUSETTS

Few seventeenth-century agreements to erect buildings in Massachusetts have been preserved. The following, with two exceptions, have been gleaned from court records where originally they were submitted as evidence in suits at law. They are of the greatest interest in connection with present day restoration work as they preserve detailed information of indisputable authority in relation to early building construction in the Bay Colony. The gable window, the second story jet, the stool window and casement sash, the catted chimney and the treatment of the inner and outer walls of the house have much curious interest at the present time. These architectural features long since fell into disuse and only here and there has a fragment survived. Two centuries ago the towns in New England must have presented an appearance most picturesque to our twentieth-century eyes. The dwellings seem to have been studies in projecting angles, strangely embellished with pinnacles, pendants and carved work. The unpainted and time-stained walls, the small windows and elaborate chimney tops, the narrow and curiously fenced ways, winding among the irregularly placed buildings, all contributed to the quaintness of the picture. The following agreements between builder and owner should help to solve some of the debated problems of this bygone construction that now confront those interested in the preservation and restoration of our early New England dwellings.

CONTRACT TO BUILD THE FIRST MEETINGHOUSE IN MALDEN, NOVEMBER 11, 1658

Articles of agreement made and concluded ye 11th day of ye ninth mo., 1658, betweene Job Lane of Malden, on the one partie, carpenter, and William Brakenbury, Lieut. John Wayte, Ensigne J. Sprague, and Thomas Green, Senior, Selectmen of Malden, on the behalf of the towne on the other partie, as followeth:

Imprimis: The said Job Lane doth hereby covenant, promiss and agree to build, erect and finish upp a good strong, Artificial meeting House, of Thirty-three foot Square, sixteen foot stud between joints, with dores, windows, pullpitt, seats, and all other things whatsoever in all respects belonging thereto as hereafter is expressed.

1. That all the sills, girts, mayne posts, plates, Beames and all other principal Timbers shall be of good and sound white or Black oake.

2. That all the walls be made upp on the outside with good clapboards, well dressed, lapped and nayled. And the Inside to be lathed all over and well struck with clay, and uppon it with lime and hard up to the wall plate, and also the beame fellings as need shalbe.

3. The roofe to be covered with boards and short shinglings with a territt on the topp about six foot squar, to hang the bell in with rayles about it: the floor to be made tite with planks.

4. The bell to be fitted upp in all respects and Hanged therein fitt for use.

5. Thre dores in such places as the sayd Selectmen shal direct, viz: east, west and south.

6. Six windows below the girt on thre sids, namely: east, west and south; to contayne sixteen foot of glass in a window, with Leaves, and two windows on the south side above the girt on each side of the deske, to contayne six foot of glass A piece, and two windows under each plate on the east, west and north sides fitt [to] conteine eight foote of glass a peece.

7. The pullpitt and cover to be of wainscott to conteyne ffive or six persons.

8. The deacon's seat allso of wainscott with door, and a table joyned to it to fall downe, for the Lord's Supper.

9. The ffloor to be of strong Boards throughout and well nayled.

10. The House to be fitted with seats throughout, made with good planks, with rayles on the topps, boards at the Backs, and timbers at the ends.

11. The underpining to be of stone or brick, and pointed with lyme on the outside.

12. The Allyes to be one from the deacon's seat, through the middle of the house to the north end, and another cross the house ffrom east to west sides, and one before the deacon's seat; as is drawne on the back side of this paper.

13. And the said Job to provide all boards, Timber, nayles, Iron work, glass, shingles, lime, hayre, laths, clapboards, bolts, locks and all other things whatsoever needful and belonging to the finyshing of the said house and to rayse and finish it up in all respects before the twentie of September next ensuing, they allowing help to rayse it.

And the sd Selectmen for themselves on behalfe of the town in Consideracon of the said meeting house so finished, doe hereby covenant, promise and agre to pay unto the sd Job Lane or his Assigns the sume of one hundred and ffiffty pounds in corne, cordwood and provisions, sound and merchantable att price currant and fatt catle, on valuacon by Indifferent men unless themselves agree the prices.

In manner following, that is to say, ffifftie pound befor ye first of ye second mo. next ensuing, And ffifftie pounds befor the first of ye last mo. which shall be in the year sixteen hundred 59, and other ffifftie pounds before the first of ye second mo. which shall be in the year one thousand six hundred and sixtie. And it is further Agreed that when the sd. house is finished in case the sd. Job shall find and judgeth to be woth ten pounds more, that it shall be referred to Indifferent workmen to determine unless the sayd Selectmen shall se just cause to pay the sd. ten pounds without such valuacon.

In witness whereof the partys to these presents have Interchangeably put their hands the day and year above written.

WILLIAM BRACKENBURY, JOHN SPRAGUE, JOH. WAYTE.

Witness, JOSEPH HILLS, GERSHOM HILLS.

NOTE. This contract for building the first meetinghouse in Malden is copied from the _Bi-Centennial Book of Malden_, 1850, pages 123-125. The original document then in existence has since disappeared. The contract provides for the construction of a building of the type almost universal in New England at that time, of which an example still exists at Hingham--the "Ship Meeting House," so-called. The square meetinghouse with hip roof surmounted by a "territ," and at a somewhat later date supplied with "lucomb" (dormer) windows in the roof, was the type of public building in the Massachusetts Bay Colony that prevailed well into the eighteenth century, especially in the country towns. The "territ" or belfry seems to have been common, but only the larger towns were supplied with a bell. The bell was rung from the central aisle, the bell rope coming down in the center of the auditorium.

In the Malden meetinghouse, the "territ" was built as provided in the contract, but for some now unknown reason the bell was not hung in it but placed in a framework erected nearby, below a large rock which thereby obtained its name--"Bell Rock," a name that has continued until the present time.

Malden was able to afford the luxury of plastered walls surfaced with lime, but the ceiling showed the joists and boarding. In shingling the roof a distinction was made between long and short shingles. The lower windows were made up with "leaves," _i.e._, they were double casements, and each opening contained sixteen feet of glass, thereby indicating sash about twenty-eight by forty inches in size. The single casement windows placed high, just under the coving, also were about the same size and undoubtedly were fixed sash, _i.e._, were not hinged. Two smaller windows on the south side, placed just above the girth, supplied additional light on either side of the pulpit. The deacons' seat at that time was located in front of the pulpit and faced the congregation. The possible use of brick for the underpinning is a surprising feature, especially in a country town. In fact, the use of underpinning at that time seems to have been uncommon.

CONTRACT TO BUILD A MINISTER'S HOUSE AT MARLBOROUGH, MASS., IN 1661

This indenture made the fifth day of Aprill one thousand six hundred and sixty one and between obadias Ward, Christopher Banyster and Richard Barnes of the Towne of Marlborough on ye one party; And the Inhabitants and all the Proprietors of the same Towne on ye other party Witnesseth That ye said obadias Waed, Christopher Banyster and Rich'd Barnes hath covenanted, promised and bargained to build a fframe for the minister's house, every way like to ye fframe yt Jno Ruddock hath built for himselfe in ye afores'd Town of Marlborough, the house or fframe is to bee a Girt house thirty-seven foote Long, eighteen foote wide and twelve foote (between Joynts) and a halfe, the studs standing at such distance that A foure foote and a halfe Claboard may reach three studs; and two ffloores of juice [_sic_] and foure windows on the foreside and two windows at the west end and two Gables on the foreside of ten foote wide; and eight foote Sparr, with two small windows on the foreside of the Gables and they are to ffell all the tinber and bring it in place and do all yt belongs to the fframe only the Towne is to helpe raise the affores'd fframe and all this worke is to bee done and ye fframe raised within a ffortnight after Michll tyde; And this being done the Town of Marlborough doth promise and engage to pay unto them the sd obadias Ward, Christopher Banyster and Rich'rd Barnes the sume of ffifteene Pounds in Corne within fourteen daies after the house is raised the one halfe of it and the other halfe some time in March; the whole paye is to be one third in Wheat and one third in Rie and the other third in Indian Corn, the halfe in Wheat and Rie to be paid fourteen daies after the house is up in Wheat and Rie and the other halfe in Rie and Indian some time in March; wheat at four shillings and sixe pence a bushell and is to be pd at Sudbury betweene Petter King's and Serient Woods house in the streete.--_Marlborough, Mass., Town Records._

CONTRACT FOR THE FRAME OF A BOSTON HOUSE, AUGUST 20, 1679

Articles of Agreement indented made and Concluded the twentieth day of August Ano Domi One thousand six hundred Seventy and nine. And in the thirty first yeare of the Reigne of King Charles the Second over &c Betweene Robert Taft of Brantery, in New England housewright on the one part and John Bateman of Boston in New England aforesd shopkeeper on the other part are as followeth--

[Illustration: HOUSE BUILT FOR JOHN BATEMAN, IN 1679, AT WHAT IS NOW THE CORNER OF NORTH AND BLACKSTONE STREETS, BOSTON

From a drawing by Lawrence Park]

Imps The sd Robert Taft for himselfe heires Execrs and Admrs doth hereby covenant promiss and grant to and with the sd John Bateman his Execr and assignees in manner and forme following (that is to Say) that the sd Robert Taft his Execror assignees shal and will erect set up and finish for the sd John Bateman his Execrs or Assignes the frame of a new Tenemt or dwelling house to contain thirty foot in length and twenty Seven foot or thereabout in breadth according to the dimentions of the Cellar frame of the sd house two Storey high besides the garrett and each roome seven foote high betweene the Sumer and floare and to make the sd house to jet at the first storey in the front Eighteen inches and to make and place frame for the Cellar according to the present dimentions thereof and place the same and to build three floares of Sumers and joise and to make and place in the front of the sd house two gable ends to range even with the Roof of the sd house and also two gable ends on the backside to range as aforesd and to make and place in the front of ye Second Storey two large casement windows and two windows in the garett and in the end next the Mill Creeke three windows Vizt one large Casement window in the low[er] Roome and one large Casement window in the Second Storey and one window in the garrett and on the backside one large Casement window in the low[er] Roome two large Casement windows in the second Storey and two windows in the garrett and to make & send to Boston the frame of the Cellar within Six weeks next after the date hereof and to rayse the same in place within one week then next following (provided the cills of the sd Cellar be cleare) and to finish the frame of the sd house on or before the first day of march next and rayse the same with all possible Speed after it is brought to Boston. In Consideration whereof the sd John Bateman for himself his 3 heires execr and Admrs doth hereby covenant promis and grant to and with the sd Robert Taft his Execr and assignes to pay for the transportation of the frame of the sd cellar and house from Brantery the place where it is to be framed to Boston and also to pay or cause to bee paid unto the sd Robert Taft his Execr Admrs or Assignes the full and just sum of thirty pounds Vizt one halfe part thereof in lawfull money of New England and the other halfe part thereof in English goods at money price and to pay the same in manner and forme following (that is to Say) five pounds in money and five pounds in goods at the time of Ensealing hereof and five pounds in money and five pounds in goods when the frame of the Cellar is laid down and the floare of the cellar is laid and five pounds in money and five pounds in goods when the whole worke is compleated and in every respect finished in matter and forme aforesd. And for the true performance hereof the sd partys binde themselves their heires Execr and Admrs each unto the other his Execr and Assignes in the penall Sume of fifty pounds of lawfull money of New England well and truly to be paid by virtue of these presents. In witness whereof the partys above-named to these present Articles interchangeably have Set their hands and Seals the day and yeare first above written.

JOHN BATEMAN. [Seal]

Signed Sealed & Delivd in presence of John Hayward scr Eliezer Moody Servt

Owned in Court p Bateman 27 April 1680 p Is Addington Cler Vera Copia Attestd Is Addington Cler

--_Suffolk County Judicial Court Files, No. 1916._

NOTE. This contract provides for the frame of a house and not for a complete building. But it is of unusual interest for it supplies proof of the existence in Boston of a house having two gables on each side of the roof, _i.e._, six gables on a rectangular building twenty-seven by thirty feet in size.

Robert Taft, of Braintree, an ancestor of ex-President Taft, delivered the frame, but before he had completed the work Bateman entered into possession and set his carpenters at work to finish the building. Taft brought suit to recover payment for the frame and the Court gave a verdict in his favor, from which Bateman appealed. From the testimony it appears that on the ground floor there were two rooms, one of which was eleven by twenty-four feet, and a space nine by eight feet had been left in which to build the chimney. The "articles of agreement" required that Taft provide for fourteen windows but he put up "six more than my Couanant was." Bateman, on the other hand, claimed that the frame was "the weakest slenderest and most dozed timber that hath been Seen ... most of the timber Wany & on many of the Sumers the Bark left on to make it square and wch Indeed was the Occasion of all this Trouble."

This house was built for a "shop keeper" and probably the long front room on the ground floor was to be used for a shop. It was located at what is now the southeasterly corner of North and Blackstone streets, the canal to the mill pond being on the northerly end of the house and the harbor behind it.

CONTRACT TO BUILD THE FIRST KING'S CHAPEL, BOSTON JULY 21, 1688

Memorandum it is agreed by and between John Holebrook of Weymouth in the county of Suffolk, housewright, Stephen French of the same place, housewright--and Jacob Nash of the same place housewright of the one part and Anthony Hayward Esq of the other part as followeth (that is to say) Imprimis the said John Holebrooke, Stephen French & Jacob Nash doe Covenant pmise and agree to and with the said Anthony Heywood his heires Admrs and Assins and Also in the consideracion herein after mencioned that they the said John Holebrooke Stephen French and Jacob Nash or some or one of them shall & will by or before the last day of November now next ensueing Erect sett up and build on such spott of Ground as the sd Anthony Heywood shall for that end assigne of good sound timber well & workmanlike wrought one frame of building of the Dimensions following (that is to say) in length fifty four feet in breadth thirty six feet studd twenty feet with five windows in the front five windows in the rear and two windows at each end of such dimensions as are sett downe in a platt of the same made by Mr. P. Wells Surveyor and the same frame shall clapboard fill with brick & seale with lime and hair & white washing and the roofe thereof with board & shingles make tight & stanch and shall & will on the west end of the sd frame Erect, build & sett up One Belfry of ten feet square twenty feet above ye roofe of the sd frame and of sufficient strength for a bell of five hundred weight and the said entire frame shall finish & complete with Masons and smiths worke and sufficiently glaze all the sd windows with good square glasse & iron casemts and the same building see completed and finished as above is Covenanted & locked with sufficient locks to the doors thereof shall deliver with the keys thereof in to the sd Anthony Haywood In Consideracion whereof the said Anthony Haywood doth cove't pmise & agree to pay or Cause to be paid unto the said John Holebrooke Stephen French Jacob Nash the sume of two hundred & Sixty pounds (that is to say) One hundred & thirty pounds thereof in Goods & merchandize at the price for which same shall be then sold for money Sixty five pounds in money & sixty five pounds in goods perform'd as the said frame shall be raised and remaining Sixty five pounds in money & sixty five pounds in Goods when the sd building shall be finished as above is Covenanted. In witness whereof all the sd partyes have hereunto to sett their hands and seales and Consent that the same shall remaine in the hands ye sd Anthony Haywood this one & twentieth day of June Anno Dme 1688.

JOHN HOLEBROOK STEPH FRENCH JACOB NASH ANTHONY HAYWOOD

Sealed & delivered in the presence of

Benja Bullivant Will White Thaddeus Mackarty

--_Suffolk County Judicial Court Files, No. 2598._

NOTE. The foundations for the first Episcopal Chapel in America were laid in Boston in October, 1688, following a long controversy between the local authorities and the representatives of the King and their followers. Little has been known as to the details of the construction of this building. Judge Sewell records in his Diary, under date of Oct. 16, 1688, "The ground-sills of ye Chh are laid ye stone-foundation being finished." The records of the Church preserve no information and any contemporaneous documents seem to have disappeared with the exception of this contract for the construction of the building which is now printed for the first time. The exact size of the building heretofore has not been known. Rev. Henry Wilder Foote in his _Annals of King's Chapel_, Boston, 1882, supplies no information although he states that the Chapel was built at a cost of £284.16.0, an amount that probably represents the total cost including furnishings. In the _Annual Report of the Boston Cemetery Commissioners_ for 1902-3, an attempt is made to show by a plan, partly based upon grants of land by the town, the several enlargements of the Chapel made at various times. Here, the size of the first building is shown to have been forty-six by sixty-four feet, proportions quite at variance with the correct size--thirty-six by fifty-four feet, as shown in the contract here printed.

The windows, probably of generous proportions for the time, were to be supplied with iron casements filled with "square glasse." Iron casement sash probably were rare in Massachusetts at that time. One is mentioned in the inventory of the estate of Edward Wharton, of Salem, in 1678, valued at six shillings. Square glass is most unusual. It probably was cut to size at special order as diamond-shaped glass was in common use. In January, 1752, and probably much later, "Diamond Glass, and 6 by 4" were still sold in the shops in Boston. These glass windows were a source of constant expense to the church wardens because of the popular dislike of the townspeople and the antagonism of the Puritan small boy. The first service was held in the Chapel, June 30, 1689. Four moths later the church records show a payment of £5.10.0. "for mending church windows." On November 5, 1691, was taken "A Colecktion for mendin ye church winders" and a few days later £7.0.0. was paid out for the work. The next March, six shillings was paid for "24 Squ: glas."

[Illustration: OLD THREE-LIGHT CASEMENT WINDOW FRAME IN GABLE, _ca._ 1690 From Isham, _Early American Houses_, 1928. Courtesy of the Walpole Society]

APPENDIX B

REV. SAMUEL SKELTON'S ACCOMPTE (1629-1630)

Rev. Samuel Skelton, the rector at Sempringham, England, came over under appointment of the Massachusetts Bay Company to minister to the spiritual needs of the little colony at Naumkeag, afterwards named Salem. He sailed in the ship _George_ arriving in the summer of 1629. During the voyage and until the end of the following year the minister and his family were furnished with the following supplies from the Massachusetts Bay Company storehouse.

Coppie of An Accompte of monies Mr. Skelton is Creditor viz.[95]

[95] _Suffolk County Court Files_, Vol. I.

li. s. d. Ano. 1629 Imprimis p. so much wch. should haue bene} paid him in England towards fitting him } 20-00-00 for ye voyadg. } Item for Charges att Tillbury, Cowes, & Plimoth, being wind bound 02-10-00 Item p. Twenty li. p. Annum for 3 years is ye some of 60-00-00 Item for on bushell of wheat flower 00-15-00 Ite. for one bushell of oatmeale 00-10-00 Ite. for one holland & 2 ordenary Cheess 00-10-00 Ite. for xx li. of powder sugar att 01-03-09 Ite. for one Loafe Cont 7li. att 1s. 6d. 00-10-06 Ite. for one sugar Loafe Cont 5li. att 1s. 7d. p. li. 00-07-11 Ite. 6li. of pepper 00-12-00 Ite. Nutmeggs 4 oz. 00-01-08 Ite. one oz. of Clovs, & one oz. of mace 00-02-00 Ite. iij li. of starch 00-01-03 Ite. xij li. of Rice 00-06-00 Ite. vj li. of Vntryed suett 00-03-00 Ite. one gall. of aquavite 00-03-08 Ite. for one flitch of Bacon 00-14-00 Ite. Castle soape ix li. att 8d. p. li. 00-06-00 Ite. frute viz Rasons Corrants & pruens 00-14-00 Ite. Safron ij oz. 00-05-00 Ite. five qu. of stronge water 00-08-00 Ite. Almonds ij li. at 1s. 2d. 00-02-04 Ite. xv li. of tryed suett at 8d. p. li. 00-10-00 Ite. one gall. of Sallert oyle 00-06-00 Ite. vj li. of Candles 00-03-00 Ite. v geese & ix ducks 00-08-00 Ano. 1630 Ite. xij li. of Butter att 00-08-00 Ite. vj potts of Butter Cont. vij li. p. pott 01-08-00 Ite. ij Cheeses about x li. a pc. 00-11-08 Ite. half a firkin of butter of Mr. Gibbs 00-17-06 Ite. one Third prt. of a barrell of wt. biskett 00-10-00 Ite. one pott of honey vij li. wat. att 00-07-10 Ite. one pott of butter att 00-03-00 Ite. x li. of Corrants att 00-05-00 Ite. [ ] Bacon 00-10-00 Ite. one doz. of Candles 00-08-00 Ite. ij Cheeses att vj d. p. li. 00-11-03 Ite. iij Cheeses att vij p. li. 00-17-09 Ite. one porkett 01-05-00 Ite. xij li. of tryed suett 00-08-00 Ite. vj. gees & xij ducks 00-14-00 Ite. vj. po: of powder suger about 20d. 00-10-00 Ite. v po: of powder suger 18d. 00-07-06 Ite. x li. of Loaf suger 01-00-00 Ite. Cloves & mace 00-01-00 Ite. ij oz. of Nutmeggs j s. & Sinamo. 16d. 00-02-04 Ite. workmens wadges for Cutting & bringing home wood against winter about 03-00-00 --------- Suma to lis. 105-18-11

Mr. Skeltons account wth. the Companie Mr. Skelton is D. pr. viz.

li. s. d. [Per] 14 yards of Dutch serge Reed. att 02-05-09 It. 17 yards of ffustian att 01-07-00 It. 11 yards of wt. English ieans 00-13-09 It. 12 yards of Red p. petuana 01-16-00 It. 12 yards of Greene say 01-13-00 It. 12 yards of yellow say 01-13-00 It. 12 elns of lin [torn] men 00-14-00 It. 14 elns Nouess [torn] llain 01-17-04 It. 20 elns o[f loc] krum 01-05-10 It. 20 elns stript [linsey] woolsye 01-09-04 It. [ ] yards [torn] buckrum 00-05-03 It. one peece of Noridg serg 00-15-00 It. 20 elns of Lockerum 01-05-10 It. 15 yards of wt. fflannell 00-15-00 It. 20 elns of Course Canvas 01-04 [torn] It. one pound of whalbone 0[torn] --------- 20-11-00 Item [per] so much pd. [per] Mr. Renell prt. of Mr. Pearce his bill, the some of 08-00-00 Item [per] 9 li. of Iron att 3d. is 00-02-03 It. [per] one syth 00-03-00 It. [per] one fishing line 00-03-00 It. [per] 30 pound ocum 00-07-06 It. [per] 2000 Nails 6d. p. C. 00-10-00 It. [per] 600 Nails 10d. p. C. 00-05-05 It. [per] 1 Reame of paper 00-10-00 Item. borrowed of Cp. Endicot of ye Comp. 7 yrds. of bays att 2s. 6d. [per] yd. is 00-17-06 halfe a elne of ffustian att 00-00-10 It. 2 yards & half of yellow Carsey 3s. 4d. 00-08-04

Suma Totalis St. 031-19-05 Ite. 2 gall. of Metheglen 00-08-00 It. one Lether Jack 00-01-06 It. two Tubbs } It. one wooden hand boule } 00-03-06 Ite. vinegar } It. 3 peuter botles quarts } It. one pinte peuter botle 00-00-10 Ite. one hatt 00-10-00 --------- 33-03-03 rec. of Mr. Winthrop Governr. Ite. 3 yrds. of Cambrick 6 yrds. & a h: of Loomeworke 2 Drinking hornes 8 pr. of shoes for men 6 pr. of gray stockings for men 6 pr. of stockings for women 6 pr. of stockings for children 10 yrds. of Carsey Thred 2000 of pinnes 6 Alls one webb of blew gartering 2 knots of Tape

APPENDIX C

AN ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTORY OF CONTENTS OF THE SHOP OF CAPT. JOSEPH WELD OF ROXBURY, MADE FEBRUARY 4, 1646-7

48 yds. greene cotton at 22d. 85 yds. red cotton at 2/1. 1-3/4 yds. kersey at 5s. 11 yds. do at 3/2. 52 yds. yellow cotton at 22d. 8 yds. white cotton at 20d. 21 yds. red cloth at 7/9. 39 yds. broad cloth at 8/8. 21 yds. broad cloth at 9/7. 8 yds. do do at 15/4. 42 yds. greene tamie at 2/1. 5 yds. red do at 2/1. 3 yds. flannel at 2/2. 12 yds. scarlet broad cloth at 16/6. 41 yds. course at 3/2-1/2. 24 yds. frize at 4/7. 31 yds. penniston at 2/7. 38 yds. do at 2/11. 44 yds. grey Kersey at 5/6. 66 yds. fustian at 1s. 15 yds. Holland at 5/9. 7 yds. do at 4/1-1/2. 7 yds. Slezie lawne at 4/. 8 yds. blue linen at 1/4. 29 yds. lane at 6/9. 3 pr. bodies at 3/2. 11 belts @ 3/2. 15 do @ 3/. 23 bandeliers at 2/. 14 pr. Stockings at 1/6. 41 pr. do at 1/3. 15 pr. Jecs at 2/9. 10 doz. points at 2/. 61 combs at 3-1/2d. 14 doz. thimbles at 1/9. 18 pr. pads at 6d. 1 spectacle case 1/. 26 gro. thread buttons at 9d. 29 primers at 2d. 8 lb. thread at 12/3. 10 pces. tape at 1/1. 5 gro. buttons at 2/. 5 gro. do at 1/. 6 doz. great buttons at 1/2. 17 silk buttons at 2/. 14 yds. lace at 2d. 64 yds. lace at 3-1/2d. 3 pces. binding at 1/2. 80 yds. ribboning at 2-1/2d. 21 doz. tape at 1/. 43 lb. ginger at 1/. 6 pr. slippers at 2/. 20 1b. whalebone at 10-3/4d. 17 1b. pepper at 2/1. 2 1b. worm seed at 8/. 5 1b. cinnamon at 8/4. 7 hat bands at 4d. 2 1b. nutmegs at 1/9. 1/2 lb. blue starch at 1/8. Cloves, 10d. 3 yds. buckram at 1/2. Pack needles and tainter hooks, 15/. 40 lb. sugar at 10d. 3 lb. powder at 2/2. 26 lb. raisins at 4d. A barrell of fruit, £5.11.3. 4 lb. starch at 4d. 1 counter, £1. 4 pr. scales, 8s. 48 lb. Lead weights, 9s. 1 file of brass weights, 5s. 12 lb. yarn, £1.13.0. A net 24 yards [no value]. 2 sconces, a melting ladle, a hitchell, 8/.

--_Suffolk County Probate Records_, Vol. II, p. 52

Robert Turner of Boston, shoemaker, died in 1651. In his shop were children's shoes at 9d. per pair, No. 7 shoes were valued at 3s., No. 10 at 4s., No. 11 at 4/4, No. 12 at 4/8, No. 13 at 4/10. Boots were 14s. per pair, and wooden heels were 8d. per doz. He also sold hats. Black hats were valued from 5 to 14 shillings, each; colored hats from 5 to 10 shillings; black castors were 14s. each, black coarse felts, 3s. each, children's colored, 3/6, and children's black castor with band, 4s.--_Suffolk County Probate Records_, Vol. II.

APPENDIX D

ABSTRACT OF AN INVENTORY OF THE GOODS OF CAPT. BOZONE ALLEN, SHOPKEEPER, OF BOSTON, DECEASED, MADE SEPT. 22, 1652, BY EDWARD HUTCHINSON AND JOSEPH ROCK

Broadcloth at 18s. per yard. Red broadcloth at 15s. Red ditto at 15s. Tammy at 20d. Grogram at 3s. Silk mohair at 3/6. Blue grogram or cheney at 3s. Blue paragon at 3s. Black satinisco (1/2 ell) 2s. Calico at 15d. Buckram at 14d. Bengal tafety at 3s. Silk grogram at 7/6. Satinisco at 3/4. Noridge stuff at 2/10. Hair color satinisco at 3/3. Colchester serge at 2/8. Cotton cloth at 2/10. 3 Couerlids at 15s. Packitt Lawn at 6/6. 4 papers Manchester at 5s. 1 pr. stockings at 4s. 10 pr. cotton gloves at 22d. 5 pr. ditto at 14d. Tapes white & colored, 11s. 5 gr. briches clasps at 2/2. 2 packetts pins at 2s. Small clasps, 3/8. Dutch thread (per lb.) at 6s. Feathers (per doz.) at 3s. 2 doz. Collars & belly pieces at 2/3 Stomachers at 12d. 7 gr. thread buttons at 7s. 8 masks at 8d. 7 gr. Chaine & other silk buttons at 34s. 7-1/2 gr. flatt cassacke at 6s. 4 gr. small coat at 6/6. 4 gr. large cloak at 14s. 3 gr. silver buttons at 9s. 2 doz. gold cloake buttons at 3s. 7 doz. Jacks at 2s. 25 oz. Silver & silver & gold lace at 5/10. 34 yds. silver lace at 16d. 37 yds. silk & silver lace at 5d. 9 doz. silk lace at 20d. Green ribbon (per doz.) at 9s. 22 yds. ditto at 3/4. Silk & gold fringe (per yd.) at 15s. 344 yds. looped lace at 18d. Colored silk (per oz.) at 2s. 30 yds. loom lace at 14d. 12 yds. ditto at 2/4. 10 yds. ditto at 22d. 17 yds. black galloon at 2-1/2d. Band strings (per lot) £2.0.0. 2 pr. eastailes (_sic_) at 5d. 1 doz. side hinges (per doz.) at 7s. 1 doz. lamb heads (per doz.) at 7s. 23 sm. Key rings & 10 large 4/10. Latches (per doz.) at 8s. 1 smoothing iron, 2/8. 1 doz. steeles, 2/3. 8 padlocks at 5d. Cupboard locks (per doz.) at 12s. 4 gimletts at 2d. 2 handsaws at 18d. 4 files at 6d. 22 hour glasses (per doz.) at 7/6. 4 bells at 13-1/2d. 57 scales (per doz.) at 16d. 1 doz. wire candlesticks and 5 bigger, 6/4. 6 doz. taylor's thimbles at 8d. 5-1/2 doz. waistband clasps at 20d. 14 pr. snuffers at 11d. 12 doz. neck buttons at 6/8. Little glasses & twists & small ribbon, 1.02.06. 8 doz. sissers at 3/4. 13 pr. tobacco tongs (per doz.) at 3s. 4 doz. combs at 2/6. A parcell paper, 11.0.0. 10 bush. pease at 4s. Weights, scales & Counters & the graite, 3.5.0.

--_Suffolk (Co.) Judicial Court Files, No. 1389._

APPENDIX E

MANUFACTURES AND OTHER PRODUCTS LISTED IN THE RATES ON IMPORTS AND EXPORTS ESTABLISHED BY THE HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT, JUNE 24, 1660[96]

[96] The list here printed, is in abstracted form in the order as printed and does not include the rates imposed, deemed immaterial for the present purpose. For complete data consult _The Statutes of the Realm_, London, 1819, Vol. V, pp. 184-202.

IMPORTS OF MERCHANDISE

Andirons or Creepers of Lattin, of Iron Anvills Apples, the barrell conteyning 3 bushell Aquavitæ Argall, white & red, or powder Arrows for trunkes Aule blades Auglers for carpenters Axes or hatchets Babies or Puppets for children Babyes heads of earth Toys for children Baggs, with locks, and with steel rings without locks Ballances, gold Ballances, ounce Ballances Balls. Tennis balls, Washing balls Bands. Flanders bands of bone lace Cut worke of Flaunders Barbers aprons of checkes, the piece not above tenn yards Barlings, the hundred Baskets, hand baskets or sports Basons of Lattin Bast, or straw hats knotted and plain Bast ropes Battry Bashrones or Kettles Bayes of Florence Beades, of Amber, Bone, Box, Corrall, Christal, Glass & Wood, Jasper square Beaupers, the peece conteyning xxv yards Bells. Hawkes bells French making, Norembrough making, Horse bells, Doggs bells, Morrice bells, Clapper bells Bellows Bitts for Bridles Blacking or Lamp black Blankets. Paris mantles coloured, and un-coloured Boards. Barrell bords, Clapbords, Past boords for books, Pipe bords or pipe holt, White boords for shoemakers Bodkins Boratoes or Bumbazines, narrow, broad, or of Silke Bookes, unbound, the basket or maund Bosses for Bridles Botanoes, per piece Bottles, of Earth or Stone, of Glass covered with Wicker, of Glass with vices covered with leather, of Glass uncovered, of Wood, sucking bottles Boultell, Raines, and the baile Bowe staves Boxes. Fire or Tinder Boxes Nest Boxes Pepper Boxes Spice Boxes Round Boxes or French Boxes for Marmalade or Jelly Sand Boxes Sope Boxes Touch Boxes covered with leather do covered with velvet do of Iron or other Metall guilt Tobacco Boxes Braceletts or Necklaces, Red or of Glass Brass, Laver Cockes, Pile weights, Trumpets, Lamps Bridles Brouches, of Lattin or Copper Brushes. Bearde brushes of Heath course of Heath fine or head brushes of Hair, called head brushes of Heath, called rubbing brushes of Hair, called comb brushes of hayre, called weavers' brushes of hair, called rubbing brushes Brimstone Buckrams, of Germany, fine, of the East countrey, of French making, Carricke buckrams Buckles, for Girdles, for Girths Buffins, Mocadoes & Lille Grograms, narrow and broad Bugasines or Callico Buckrams Bugle. Great, small or seed Bugle, Lace Bullions for purses Bulrushes Burr for Milstones Buskins of Leather Bustians Buttons, of Brasse, Steel, Copper, or Lattin, of Crystall, of Glass, of Thred, of silke, of fine damaske, of Bugle, for Handkirchers, of Hair Cabinets or Countores, large and small Caddus or Cruel Ribbon Camaletto, half silk, half haire Candles of Tallow Candle plates or Wallers of Brasse or Lattin Candlesticks, of Brasse or Lattin or of wyre Candleweeke Callicoes, fine or course Canes of wood Capers Capravens Capp hookes or hooke ends Capps, double turfed or Cockered Capps for Children Night Caps of Sattin, Velvet Night Caps of Silke Knitt Night Caps of Woollen Night Caps of Linnen Cards. Playing Cards, Wool cards Carpetts, of Tonny, of Scotland, of Cornix, Brunswicke Carpets, China of Cotten, course, Gentish, Turkey or Ventice, of Persia Carrells Cases for looking glasses guilt for spectacles guilt do unguilt for Needles or Pin cases for Needles French guilt Casketts, of Iron, of Steele Caveare Cawles of Linnen for women, of Silke Cesternes of Lattin Chafing dishes of Brasse, Lattin, or Iron Chaines for Keys or Purses, for Doggs Chairs of Walnutt tree Chamblett, unwatered or Mohaire, watered, half silke halfe haire Cheese Cherries Chesse boards Chess-men Chests, of Iron, large & small of Cipresse wood, the nest of 3 of Spruce or Danske, the nest of 3 painted Chimney backs, small and large China Pease Chizells for Joyners Citternes Clapboord, the small, the great & the Ring Claricords, the payre Clokes of Felt Cochaneile, Silvester or Campeache Coles of Scotland Coffers, covered with gilt Leather covered with Velvett with Iron barrs, the nest of 3 plaine, the nest painted, the nest Comashes out of Turkey Combes, for wool, of bone, of box, lightwood combes, of horne for Barbers, of Ivory, Horse Combes Comfetts Compasses, of Iron for Carpenters, of brasse for Ships Copper, unwrought brickes or plates, round or square, chaines, purles or plate Copras, green Cordage, tard or untard Corke tackles, of Iron and Steele Cork for Shoemakers Corne, wheat, rye, beanes, barly, mault Coverlets of Scotland Counters of Lattin Crosbows, of Lathes, Thred and Rackes Cruses of Stone, without covers, & with Cushons of Scotland Cushon cloths, course, and of Tapestry Cuttle bones Daggs with fire lockes or Snap-lances Daggers. Blades, for children, of bone for children, blacke with velvet sheathes, gilt, with velvett sheathes Deales, Meabro, Norway, Burgendorp, Spruce Desks or stayes for bookes for women to worke upon covered with wollen Dialls of wood and bone Dimitty Doggs of earth Dornix, with caddas, silke, woll, thred, and French making Dudgeon Durance or Duretty, with thred or silk Druggs--a great variety listed including Bezor Stone of the East India, Holliworsles, white and red Corall, Fox lungs, Guiny pepper, Hornes of Harts or Staggs, Lapis Lazuli, mummia, Musk Codds, Nutmegs, oyle of Scorpions, oyle Petrolium, Red Lead, Sanguis draconis, Scorpions Earthen Ware, Brickstones, Flaunders Tile to scower with, Gally Tiles, Paving Tiles, Pann Tiles etc. Elephants teeth Emery stones Fanns, for Corne, of Paper, for Women and Children, French making Feathers for bedds, also Ostridge Feathers Felt for Cloakes, French making Fiddles for Children Fire shovells Figuretto, the yard Files Fish, Codd, Cole, Eeles, Haddockes, Herrings, Lamprells, Linge, Newland, Salmon, Scale fish, Stock fish, cropling, lubfish and titling, Whiting Flannele Flaskes, of horne, covered with leather, with velvett Flax, Spruce Moscovy, undrest and wrought Fleams to let blood Flockes Flutes, course Freeze of Ireland Frizado, the yard Furrs, Armins the Timber, Badger, Bare skins, Beaver, Budge, Calaber, Catts, Dokerers the Timber, Fitches the Timber, Foxes, Foynes, Grays, Jennets, Letwis, Leopard, Lewzernes, Martrones, Miniver, Minkes, Mole skins, Otter, Ounce, Sables, Weazell, Wolfe, Wolverings Fustians, Amsterdam Holland or Dutch Barmillions Cullen fustians Holmes and Bevernex Jeane Millian Naples, tript or velure plain Wrought or Sparta velvett Osbro or Augusta fustians with silk of Weazell Gadza, without gold or silver, the yard stript with gold or silver Gally dishes Gantletts, the pair Garters of silk, French Gaules Gimlets for vinters Girdles, of cruell, or leather, of silk, of velvett, of woollen, of counterfeite gold & silver Glasse for Windows, Burgundy white and coloured Normandy white and coloured Renish, the weigh or webb Muscovy glasse or slude Drinking Glasses, of Venice, Flanders, Scotch and French, course drinking glasses, Burning glasses, Balme glasses, Vialls, Water glasses Looking Glasses, Halfe penny ware, Penny ware, of Steele, small and large, of Christall, small and Middle Hower Glasses, of Flaunders making, course, of Venice making Glass stone plates for spectacles, rough Glass plates or sights for looking glasses unfiled Glass pipes Glew Globes, small and large Gloves, of Bridges or French making, of Canary, Millane or Venice unwrought, of Vaudon, of silke knit, of Spanish plaine Gold and Silver thred counterfeite Bridges, gold & silver Cap, gold & silver Copper gold & silver upon quills & rolls or in skaine Cullen gold & silver French copper gold & silver Lyons copper gold & silver double gilt Gold & Silver thred right Venice, Florence or Millane gold & silver French and Paris gold & silver Gold foile Gold paper Granies, French or Guiny Graines or scarlet powder of Sevill in berries & granies of Portugall or Rotta Grindle stones Grocery wares: Almonds, Anniseeds, Cloves, Currans, Dates, Ginger, Licoras, Maces, Nutmegs, Pepper, Cinomom, Raisins (great, and of the Sun), Raisins of Smirna, Figgs, Prunes, Sugar (candy brown, candy white, Muscovadoes refined double & single in loves, St. Thome & Panneils, white) Grogrames, Turkey Guns. Calervers, Muskets Gunpowder. Serpentine, Corne powder Halberds, guilt & unguilt Hammers, with and without wooden handles, Horsemens hamers Hankirchirs Harness Roses Harness, Corslets complete, Curatts, Morians or headpeeces graven, ditto plaine Harp strings or Catlings Hatbands Hatts, of beaver, wool or hair, of Bridges, Dutch felts or hatts made of wool, Spanish or Portugall felts, of silke French making, of straw, see Bast, of Venice, of wool or worsted trimd Hawkes, Falcons, Goshawkes, Jerfalcons, Jerkins, Lanners, Lannarets, Tassels of all Sorts Hawkes hoods Hair bottomes for sives Haire, Camells, Elkes haire for saddles, Goates Heath for brushes Hemp, short drest, cullen & steel hemp, Spruce, Muscovia & all rough hemp Hides. Buffe hides, Cow hides of Barbary & Muscovia, Cow or horse hides, India hides, Losh hides, Red or Muscovia tanned, coloured & uncoloured Hilts for swords or daggers Honey Hoopes of Iron for pipes or hogsheads, for Coopers Hops Horses or mares Hose of Cruel made in Mantua Jett Jews Trumps Inke for Printers Imperlings blew or red Ink horns Incle, unwrought and wrought Rowles (36 yards) Indico, of Turkey, of the West Indyes or rich Indico Instruments for Barbers & chirurgeons, Bullet scrues, Incision sheeres, Setts (the bundle), Paices or Tooth drawers, Plulicanes, Trepans Iron, Amis Spanish Spruce and Swedish Backes for chimneys, small and large, Bands for Kettles Fire irons Hoopes Stones Juice of Lemons (the pipe) Ivory Key knops Knives, Almanie, Bohemia & other course knives, Butchers, Carving, Collen knives, French knives, Glover's knives, Penknives, Sker knives, Stock knives (gilt and ungilt) Lace, bone lace of thred, Brittaine lace, Cruell lace, Gold & Silver, Pomet, Purle or antlet, Silke bone Ladles, Melting Lapis magnata Lattin, black & shaven Leade oare Leomons, Pickled Lemon water Leather, Bazill, Spanish or Cordivant, Hangings, Spruce or Dansk leather, Leather for Maskes, Turkey & East India Cordivant Leaves of Gold Lewers for Hawkes Lime for Dyers Lines of Hambrough for ships Lin-seed Linnes blew or red Linnen Cloth Callicoes, fine or course Cambricks, fine or course Canvas, Dutch Barras & Hessens, French or Normandy & lyne narrow browne or white, French & line broad for tabling, Packing canvas guttings & spruce canvas, poledavies, Spruce Elbing or Quinsbrow, Stript or tufted canvas with thred, stript tufted or quilted canvas with silke, stript canvas with copper, Vaudolose or Vittry canvas, working canvas for cushions (narrow and broad) Damask, Tabling of Holland, Towelling & napkening of Holland, Tabling or Silesia Diaper, Tabling of Holland and Silesia Lawnes, Callico lawnes, French & Silesia lawnes Flaunders, Holland cloth:--Flemish, Gentish, Islingham, Overisils, Rowse, Brabrant, Embden, Freeze, Bag Holland, Browne Holland Cowsseild cloth or platts Drilling & pack duck Elbing or Danske cloth double ploy Hambrough & Silesia cloth broade & narrow Hinderlands, Headlake & Muscovia linnen narrow Irish cloth Lockrums, Treager (great & narrow) or common dowlace, Broad dowlace Ministers, the roll Ozenbrigs, the roll Soulthwitch Polonia Ulsters, Hanovers, Lubecke, narrow Silesia, narrow Westphalia, narrow Harford, plain napkening & narrow cloth from high Dutchland & the East Countrey (brown and white) Strawsbrough or Hambrough Twill & Ticking of Scotland Lockers or Chapes for Daggers Lockes, Budgets or hanging lockes, small & large Lutes, Cullen & Venice making Lute strings, Catlings & Minikins Litmus Madder, Crop and all bale Madder, Fatt & Mull madder Magnus Maskes, of velvett & sattin Match for Gunns Matts of Russia Medlers (the baskett) Mallasses of Rameales Messelanes (30 yds. to piece) Metheglin Methredate Mocado ends Morters & Pestells, brass Muster seed Mittens of Wadmul Nailes. Chaire nailes, copper nailes, rose nailes, Sadlers nailes, Head nailes, Harness nailes, spring nailes, Tenter hookes Napkins of French making Neats tongues, of Russia Neckerchirs of Flanders making Needles, Pack & sale needles Nutmegs, pickled Nutts, small & walnutts Okeham Oaker Oares Oyle, Rape & Linseed Sivile, Marjorca, Minorca, Apuglia Province, and Portugall Sallat oyle Traine oyle of Greenland Traine oyle of Newfoundland Fish oyle Ollives Onions Orchall Oranges & Lemons (the hogshead) Orsdew Packthred Panns, Dripping & frying pans, warming pans Paper. Blew, Browne, Cap, Demy Ordinary printing & copy paper Painted paper (the ream) Pressing paper, Rochell paper, Royall paper Parchment Past of Jeane Peares or apples, dryed Pease Petticoates of silke Penners Percer bitts Pike heads Pikes, with and without heads Pinns (the thousand) Pincers & plyers Pintadoes or Callecoe cubbard clothes Pipe staves Pipes, for Tabors, and for children Pitch Pipes, small band, great band Plaister of Paris Plaine irons Plankes of Ireland Plate, silver white or ungilt, of silver parcell gilt, of silver gilt Plates, single & double white or blacke, Harnesse plates or iron doubles Playing Tables of walnut tree (the paire) Pointe, of thread, of Capiton and of fine silke Pomistones Pomegarnets Potatoes (the hundred weight) Potts, of Earth or Stone, covered and uncovered Gally pots Melting potts for Goldsmiths Of Iron, French, or Flemish making Pullies, of Iron, of Brasse, of Wood Punsons & Gravers for Goldsmiths Quills, Goose Quilts, of French making, of Callico, of Sattin or other Silke Rackets Rape of Grapes Rape seed Rashes, Bridges or Leyden Rashes, single & double, Cloth Rashes Rattles for Children, and with Bells Razers Recorders (the set) Ribbon, of Silke Rice Rosen Rugs, Irish and Polish Rims for Sives Rings, for Keyes, for Curtaines, of Wyre, of Brass, Copper or St. Martins gilt, of Haire Sackcloth Saddles of Steele Safflora Saffron Salt, white or Spanish Salt, Bay or French Salt, Salt peter Saws. Hand sawes, Tenant sawes, Whip sawes, Legg sawes Says. Double Sayes or Flaunders Serges Double Say or Serge Mild sayes Honnscot say Scamoty (the yard) Scissers Sea holly rootes Sea morse [horse] teeth Serge, of Athens, of Florence Sheares, for Shearmen, for glovers, for Seamesters, for Taylers, Forceps, Sheets of Callaber Shumacke Shruff or old Brass Syder Silke. Bridges silke, Ferret or Floret silke, Fillozell or Paris silke Granado. Silke black & colours Naples. Silke, black & colours Orgazine, Pole & Spanish, Raw China, Raw Silke, short and long, Raw Morea, Satin Silke, Sleave Silke, Silke Nubbs or Husks, Throwne silke Skins. Buckskins (in the Haire & drest), Calves (of Ireland), Cordivant (of Turkey, East Indies, or Scotland), Dog fish skins for Fletchers, Fox skins, Gold skins, Goate skins, of Barbary or the East Country, of Scotland or Ireland Husse skins for Fletchers Kidd skins, Portugall skins, Seale skins, Shamway skins, Sheep skins, Spanish Civill or Cordivant skins, Spruce skins Skeets for Whitsters Slip (the Barrell) Smalts Snuffers Soape, Castle or Venice, also Flemish Spangles of Copper Spectacles without cases Spoones of Horne Standishes, of wood, Brasse & covered with Leather, also Pocket Standishes Steele. Long steel, Wisp steel & gad steele Stockings of Wadmol Stone birds or Whistles Stones. Blood stones, Cane stones, Dogg stones, Mill stones, Querne stones (small and large), Slick stones Sturgeon Stuff of all sorts made or mixed with Wool Succade wet or dry Sword blades, of Venice, Turkey or other fine blades, Course blades of Flaunders Table bookes, course and fine Tables, playing Tables of Wainscott Tackes of Iron Tallow Tannets of Cruell Tapistry, with Haire, Caddas, Silke, Gold or Silver & Wool Tarras (the Barrell) Tarr (small & great Band) Tazells Thimbles Thred, Bridges, Crosbow, Lyons or Paris, Outnall, Peecing, Sisters, whited browne Thrums, of linnen or Fustian, also of Woolen Tikes. Brizel Tikes & Turnall Tikes, also of Stoade Tiking of the East countrey Tincall Tinfoyle Tinglasse Tinsell, copper, right Gold & silver Tinshore Tobacco, Spanish & Brazill in pudding or role St. Christophers, Barbadoes, Virginia & Somer Islands Tooles. Carving Tooles Tow Trayes of wood (the shocke) Triacle, of Flaunders, of Jeane Trenchers, white (commen sort) and red or painted Treene nailes Trunnells Tweezes of France Twine of Hambrough Twist for bandstrings Vallances of Scotland Verditer Verders of Tapistry Vellum for Table bookes Violls Vice harps Vice tongues or hand vices Viniger Vizards Wadmoll Wainscott Wax Whale fins Whetstones Whipcorde Whistles Cockes or Bellows Whistles, Cockes or Birds of Stone Woad, Islands or green woad, also Tholose Worme seeds Worsted, St. Omers narrow 1/2 worsted Russells worsted or broad worsted Wood. Boxwood for Combs, also Brazill or Farnumbuck wood Braziletto or Gemeaco wood Ebony Fusticke Lignum vitae Plankes of Ireland Red or Guiny wood Speckled wood Sweet wood of West India Wool. Beaver wool, Cotton wool, Estridge wool, Irish wool, Lambs wool, Polonia wool, Spanish wool, Spanish felt wool, Red wool Wrests for Virginalls Wyer. Dagger and quarter wyer, Iron wyer, Lattin wire, Steel wyre, Strawsbrough wyre, Virginall wyre Yarne, Cable, Camell or Mohaire, Cotton, Grograine, Irish, Raw Linnen, Saile, Spruce or Muscovia, Scotch wollen or bay yarne

EXPORTS OF MERCHANDISE

Allabaster Allom, English Apothecary and Confectionary wares Anvills Apples Apples called Pippins Aquavitae Ashes of English wood Bacon Baggs Bandaleirs Beefe Beere Beere Egar Bell metall Bellowes Billetts Birding pieces Bird lime Bodyes, stitched with Silke, also with Whalebone Bridles Brushes, English, of Heath Buckweed Buttons of Haire Bays. Barnstaple course, Manchester or Barnstaple fine and other single bayes, Double bayes, Minikin bayes Cambodium Candles Canvas, English tufted, also Shropshire Capps, Monmouth plain and trimmed, buttoned English, of wool blacke Cards, Stocke, Tow, Woll Playinge Cards Cardboard Carpets, Northern Catlings or English Hatt makers strings Cloke baggs Coaches and Chariots Coals. Sea Coles, the Chalder, New Castle measure, Sea Coles of Wales or the West Country Combes of wood, bone, or horn Cobwebb Lawnes Comfets Cony haire or wool, blacke or white Cordage, tard or untard Coverletts, of wool & haire, of Caddice Curricombes Cushons of Yorkshire Cottons, Northerne, Manchester, Tanton and Welch, also Welsh plaines Corne, Barley, Mault, Beanes, Oates, Pease, Wheate, Rye, Buck wheate Darnix, of English making, also Coverlets Dice Dimitty Doublets of Leather Dust of Cloves and other Spices Emery stones Earthen Ware, Brickes & Tiles and also sorts of Earthen & Stone ware made in England Fennell seed Figuretto, with silke or copper, narrow and broade Filozelles, broad of silke Fire lockes Flannell Flasks of Horne Flax Freezes Fustians Gartering of cruell Garters of worsted Girdles of Leather for men, & for children, of Norwich Glasse for windowes, and bottles & other sorts Glew Gloves, plaine of Sheepe Kidd or Lambes leather fringed & stitched with silke furd with Cony wool of Buckes leather Goose quills Grindlestones Gunpowder Haberdashers ware--Packthred, Inkle, Tape, Filleting, Buttons, Hookes & Eyes, etc. Haire, Harts haire, Horse haire, Oxe or Cowe haire Hairecloth Harts horne Hatbands of Cruel Hatchets Hatts, Beavers & Demicasters, Felts, etc. Hawkes hoods Hempseed Herrings Holsters Hops Hornes, Blowing hornes (small), of Buckes, Inkhornes, Hornes with Lanthornes, Oxe hornes, Powder hornes, of Rames, of Sheepe, Shooing hornes, Stags hornes, Tips of hornes Horselitters & Sedans Horse tailes with haire Horse collers Hoopes for barrells Iron wrought, viz., Axes, Adzes, Hoes, Armour, Bitts, Knives, Lockes, fowling peeces, Muskets, Pistolls, Cissors, Stirrops, Carpenters & Gravers tooles, Jack work, clock work, & Ironmongers wares Old Iron Iron Ordnance Irish Mantles Knives, Shoemakers, paring knives, Sheffield knives, Cutting knives, London knives Lace of gold & silver, of velvet, Statute lace Letherage or Lead Lamprills Loome work Lime Linnen, made of Hemp or Flax Linseed Linsey woolsey Lists of cloth Lead, cast and uncast Musterd seed Malasses or Rameales Nailes Nutts Oatmeale Oyle, Traine oyle Oysters Oker, yellow and red Parchment Paste board Pilchers Points of Leather Purles of Broadcloth Rape cakes Rape seed Rugs, Irish Ruggs for beds, and by the yard Russetting for painters Rashes, silk Rashes, broad and narrow Ribbon Saddles, and saddle trees Sack cloth Saffron Salt peter Sea morse [horse] teeth Scabbords for swords Shag, with thred Shovells, shod and unshod Shoes, Bootes and Slippers Skins, Cony, Kid, Lambe, Otter, Sheepe & Lamb, Rabbit, Hare, Cats, Fox, Swans, Dogs, Elke, Wolfe, Badgers, Squirrell Soape Spanish sattins, English making Starch Steel, Gad steele Stockings, Irish, Kersey long & short, Leather, Silk, Wollen men & children Stones, Hilling stone, Slate Stuffs, Perpetuanoes & Serges Sugars, refined & made into loaves in this kingdom Tapistry or Dornix Hangings made in England Thred, Black, Brown, Blew Thrums Tiking Tiffany, made of thred Tobacco pipes Tuff Taffates, broad and narrow, with thred Tynn, unwrought and wrought, i.e. Pewter Velure, single and double Vingiger of wine Virginalls, the payre Watches Wadmoll Wast Coates, of Wadmoll, Cotton, Kerseys of Flannell, Worsted knit and Wollen knit Wax Weld Whalebone cut or wrought Whale finns Woad Woad nets Wood, Redwood, Gambray, Boxwood Worsted, narrow and broade Yarne, Grograine yarne Wollen Cloths Dorset & Somerset dozens rudge washed Cardinalls, Pinwhites, Strayts, Statutes, Stockbridges, Tavestocks Tauntons, Bridgewaters & Dunsters, Deven dozens Ordinary Pennistons or Forrest Whites, Sorting Pennistones Narrow Yorkshire Kerseys whites & reds, Hampshire ordinary Kersies, Newbery whites and other Kersies, sorting Hampshire Kersies Northern Dozens single sorting Pennistons The new sort of Cloth called Spanish Cloth Cloth Rashes, alias Cloth Serges

APPENDIX F

COPY OF THE INVENTORY OF THE ESTATE OF WM. PAINE OF BOSTON, MERCHANT, APPRAISED BY HEN. SHRIMPTON, JOSHUA SCOTTOW AND JOHN RICHARDS, AND ALLOWED IN COURT AT BOSTON, NOV. 14, 1660, UPON OATH OF MR. JOHN PAINE, HIS SON

IN THE WAREHOUSE CHAMBER:

4 peeces white Trading cloath, 42li.;

39 yrds. blew trading cloath, 9li. 15s.;

5-1/4 1/8 yrds. white trading cloath, 1li. 4s. 2d.;

4 Bales nowells, 2 Bales pantozells, 1 Bale fine sheeting, 2-1/2 Bales of broad, 4 peeces Kentings, half Bale napkening, 232li. 16s. 2d.;

2 Bales nowells Cont. 6 poanles, 43li. 6s. 8d.;

5 ps. villaranes cont., 70-1/2, 35-1/4, 23, 11-1/2 and 21-3/4 yrds. in all 162 yrds. at 21d. p., 14li. 3s. 6d.;

5 peeces Kenting, 44-1/4 yrds. at 2s. 3d. p., 4li. 19s. 6d.;

120 yrds. Humains, 123 yrds. Humanes, 123 yrds. Humanes, 99-1/4 Humanes, 342-1/2 yrds. at 18d., 25li. 13s. 4-1/2d.;

3 Ruggs, 6li. 15s.;

2 Barrells bate, 12li. powder, 9li.;

4 peeces searge, 16li.;

1 ps. carsey, 2O-1/2 yrds., 4li. 2s.;

1 ps. more, No. 2, 5li.;

11 yrds. 5/8 of carsy at 5s. 6d. 3li. 4s.;

6-3/4 of carsey at 7s., 2li. 7s. 3d.;

6-3/4 of carsey at 4s., 15s.;

8 peeces wt. calleco at 14s., 5li. 12s.;

50-1/2 yrds. broad dowlas at 2s., 5li. 1s.;

23-1/4 dowlas at 21d. 2li. 1s.;

3-1/8 of locrum at 16d., 4s. 2d.;

12 of blew calleco at 18d., 18s.;

1 ps. blew calleco at 20s., 1li.;

4-1/2 yrds. searge at 4s., 18s.;

4-1/2 yrds. red broad cloth at 8s., 1li. 16s.;

3 yrds., 3 nailes broad cloath at 16s., 2li. 11s.;

8 yrds. 3/4 red carsey at 6s., 2li. 10s. 3d.;

2-1/4 red at 3s. 6d., 7s. 10d.;

9-3/4 1/8 peneston at 2s. 10d., 1li. 8s.;

12-3/8 Role cotton at 2s. 3d., 1li. 19s.;

8 pr. Irish stockens at 18d., 12s.;

8-1/2 narrow blew linen at 13d. 9s. 2d.;

3-1/4 broade blew linen at 20d., 5s. 5d.;

23-1/2 broad blew linen at 2s., 2li., 7s.;

2 pr. Stockens, 5s. 6d.;

5 pr. bodeys at 4s. 1li.;

1 groace of silver coat & other buttens with Riboning & lace, 30li. 16s. 11d.;

2 yrds. holland at 6s., 12s.;

17-1/2 of east cloath, 8s.;

31 halfe linds at 14d., 1li. 16s. 2d.;

5 ham bourough linds at 2s., 10s.;

5 knottes of housing at 4d., 1s.;

5-1/4 vittery at 14d., 6s. 1d.;

10 parchmen skins, 1 trunk, 2O bookes,--of wax candle, 1li. 10s.;

58 reame of paper at 7s., 20li. 6s.;

4 baggs cotten wooll, 550li. at 5d., 11li. 9s. 2d.;

71li. hopps at 4d., 1li. 3s. 8d.;

200 hhs. salt at 1ls., 110li.;

Remant Ratling, 2s.;

pcell bookes, 2li.

IN THE LOWER ROOME:

2 Bailes nowells, 43li. 6s. 8d.;

1 bagg hopps, 1li. 13s. 4d.;

6li. rod Iron at 2s., 8li. 8s.;

2 Bushells wheat, 19s. 6d.;

silkware in 2 boxes, 31li. 14s.;

3 bate naile of Turky Gregrum, 10s.;

2 yrds. broad cheny & remnant of Satten, 7s.;

2li. 11 silk, 3li.;

1li. 1/2 fringe & muccado ends, 7s.;

2-3/4 soft wax, 2s.;

5-1/2 Butts thread, 14s.;

13 yrds. old fashion lace, 2s.;

20 yrds. wt. callico, 22 laces, 2-1/2 doz. poynts, 1li. 1s.;

8 doz. short laces, 2 doz. 3/4 long, 18s.;

13 oz. coventry thred, 4s.;

1li. cource wt. thred, 6s.;

1/2li. whited Browne, 2s.;

3li. colloured thred, 9s.;

4li. black & browne, 2li. 2s.;

12 Hatts, 10 bands, 3li.;

20 browne holland, 2li. 10s.;

18-1/2 yrds. Humanes, 18d., 1li. 7s. 9d.;

83-3/4 pantolanes, 4li. 3s. 9d.;

41-1/4 yrds. vittery at 14d., 2li. 10s. 6d.;

26-1/2 poledavy at 18d., 1li. 19s. 9d.;

30-3/4 nowells at 16d., 2li. 1s.;

5-3/4 locrum at 18d., 8s. 7d.

36 locrum at 18d., 1li. 19s.;

8-3/4 1/8 blew linen at 14d., 10s. 1d.;

30 yrds. sacking at 9d., 1li. 2s.;

221-1/4 yrds. Cotten cloath at 2s., 4d., 25li. 16s. 3d.;

8 yrds. greene Cotten at 14d., 9s. 4d.;

18 of wt. cotten at 1s., 18s.;

24 Irish, 12s.;

3 Remnants boulting, 2s.;

3li. suger, 3li. 15s.;

1 Tire for wheeles & old Iron, 3li.;

13 cart boxes & 3li. in Iron waite, 2li, 10s.;

Basketts, Rubstones, 15s.;

pcell of wt. salt, 12s. 6d.;

pcell of cards & old hops, 15s.;

a screw & 9 mose skins, 2li. 10s.;

pll. of old rope & line, 10s.;

pcell of Cotten wooll, 5s.;

Barrell of Oatmeale, 1li. 5s.;

2 Kettles, 3 spades, 1 pan & nailes, 2li. 5s.;

1 cutting saw, 6s.

IN THE CELLAR:

30 hhds. mallasses at 3li., 90li.;

5 barrells macrell, 1 halfe barrell, 7li. 5s.;

2 Iron bound hhds., 10s.

IN THE OTHER CELLAR:

3 hhds. Rum, 30li.;

pcells of sower wine, 3li.;

old cask, 10s.;

beaver, 49li., 22li. 1s.;

beaver, 160li. at 18d., 12li.

IN THE LENTOO HOUSE END:

30 tunn salt at 40s., 60li.;

4 sawes, 2li.;

boulting mill, beam board, 2li.

IN THE IRON HOUSE:

77-1/2li. barr Iron at 20s., 47li. 10s.;

5-3/4li. cast backs at 15s., 4li. 6s. 3d.;

11-1/2li. Andirons at 15s., 8li. 12s. 6d.;

9-3/4li. potts & Kettles, 12li. 3s. 9d.;

5 Iron skilletts, 13s. 6d.;

beames & scales, 1li. 10s.;

39-1/2li. cast waites, 29li. 12s. 6d.;

857li. cotten wooll at 5d., 17li. 7s. 1d.;

377 of hopps at 4d., 6li. 5s. 3d.;

7 hhd. 3 butts suger, 65li.;

2 qt. fish, 1li. 4s.;

1 firkin butter, 1 soape, 2li.;

5 li. bate, 8li. barr Iron, 4li. 18s.

IN THE YARD:

28 tun. pact casks, 9li. 16s.;

7-1/2 hhds. lime, 1li. 13s. 9d.;

6000 pipestaves at 4li., 24li.;

1400 boards, 5s. 6d., 3li. 17s.;

12000 Rotlin, 4li.

IN THE DWELLING HOUSE:

10-1/2 yrds. sacking & canvas, 7s. 10d.;

2-1/4 cloth rash at 6, 13s. 6d.;

9 bate naile of dowlas at 2s., 17s. 10d.;

yrd. narrow taffety, 6s.;

4-1/2 liver colloured searge, 18s.;

1 groace 4-1/2 doz. hookes & eyes, 2s. 6d.;

2 yrds. blew Trads cloath, 10s.

AT MR. SCOTTOWES:

2 Bales nowalls, 43li. 6s. 8d.;

1 ps. pantossam, 5li.;

1 ps. sheeting, 6li. 2s. 6d.

AT MR. BROUGHTON'S:

3 butts 1 hhd. suger at 25s., 35li.;

140-1/4 hhd. salt at Ils Shoales, 70li. 2s. 6d.;

20 hhds. at Mr. Parker's, at 10s., 10li.;

1 hhd. Rum at Mr. Handsons, 10li.;

at Linn workes, 1 horse, 10li.;

at Capt. Johnsons, leather, 00;

at Mr. Buttolls, leather, 00;

at Capt. Clearkes, an Anchor, 1li. 10s.;

ADVENTURE in Thrumboll to England, 49 hhds. oyle, 5 M. 8 C. 81li.

Cotten neate, 12 qt. fish, 289li. 7s. 5d.;

TO JAMACO & p left in Jamaco before p Adam Westgage, 52li. 12s.

THE HOUSE MORE:

3 Satten dobletts, 1 taffety cloak, 4li.;

money, 5li. 11s. 9d.;

2 gold rings, 2li.;

1-1/2 C. wt. suger at 4, 6li.;

3/4 of cast ware at workes, 100li.;

3/4 stock of sow Iron & coals, 450li.;

3/4 of ye workes at hamersmith & Brantree, 800li.;

DWELLING HOUSE, warehouses & appurtenances at Bostone, 400li.;

watertowne mill house, land & apprtenances, 150li.;

1/2 mill at exeter & halfe of the prvilidge of mill & land, 40li.

HOUSEHOLD STUFF & IS IN THE CELLAR UNDER YE HALL:

1 Iron Trivett & Tramell, 1 barr & 2 Cobbe Irons, 1 fire shovell, 1 Ketle, 2 brass pans, 1 Copper Kettle, 1 brass skillett, 1 flagon, 20 old dishes, 1 Iron pott, 1 spitt, 1 pr. bellowes, skimer, 3li. 19s. 6d.

IN THE HALL:

1 pr. Iron Andirons, 1 pr. tonges, 11s. 6d. more;

one Cubord, 15s.;

1 Tabell & carpett, 2s., 4 leather, 2 other chairs, 1li. 5s., 1 setle, 4 stooles, a cushion, 14s., 1 clock, 2li., 7li. 5s. 6d.

IN THE LITTLE ROOM:

1 Bedsteed & curtaine, one bed, one boulster, 1 rugg, 3 blanketts, 1 pr. sheets, 4 table cloath, 8 naptkins, 1 pewter dish & one bason, one salt, 2 brass candlestickes, 1 ladle, 1 warming pan, fire pan, 20s., 1 basket, 1 chaire, 1 cushion, 7li. 4s.

IN THE OTHER LITTLE ROOME:

One bedsteed, curtaines, fether bed, 3 blanketts, 1 coverled, 2 bolsters, 3 pillowes, a trundle bedsteed, a fether bed, pr. of sheets, coverled, bolster, Tables & chaires, 8 Cushions, 1 Joint stoole, 3 pewter dishes, 1 salt, 1 Brass skillett, 1 skimmer, 1 pan, 1 seive, 1 Bible, 11li. 7s. 6d.

One silver Candlestick, 1 Tankard, one beere boale, 2 wine cupps, one dram cupp, 6 spoones, 17li.;

1 brass scillett, 1 pewter dish & bason, 2 brass Candlesticks, Joynt stooles, one Tramell, 1 Ketle, 1 sive, shovell, 1 back, 2 Cob Irons & dripping pan, 1li. 15s.

IN THE CLOSETT:

13 pewter platters, 2 py plates, 6 smale plates, 5 saucers, 1 pewter & 2 brass candlesticks, 1 urin botle & 1 bed pan, 12 earthern dishes, 2 pudden pans, 5li. 10s. 6d.

IN THE HALL CHAMBER:

One bedsteed, Curtaines & vallens of red searge, 1 fether bed, 2 bolsters, 2 pillowes, 3 blanketts, 1 tapestry Cuverled, 10li.;

2 Cubberts, 2 Cubbert cloathes, 1 table, 4 red stooles, 2 red cloath chaires with fringe, 3 leather chaires, 2li. 15s.;

1 great chaire, 7 pichers, 10s., one pr. brass Andirons, one back, 3s., 8li. 5s.;

6 cushions & 1 pc. of carpeting & old vallens at 1li. 4s.;

one Trunk, 8s.;

one chest, 8s., 2li.

WITHIN THE TRUNK & CHEST & IN THE HALL CHAMBER:

7 pr. sheetes, 4 diapr. table cloathes, 2 plaine, 9 pillow beers, 4 Cubbert cloathes, 2 napkins, 1 tapestry coverled, 2 darnick carpetts, 2 pr. sheets, 7 damask naptkins, 2 short diaper table cloathes, 3 pillow beers, 26 diaper naptkins, 14 plaine naptkins, one red rugg, 21li. 18s.

IN THE GARRETT:

One Rugg, three blanketts, one flock bed, 1 Coverlett, one bolster, one blankett, 3li. 7s.;

money, 123li. 14s.;

IN VESSELS, 200li.;

total, 4,239li. 11s. 5d.

DUE TO THE ESTATE:

In debts accotd. as certaine, 1,500li.;

as doubtfull, 700li.;

stand in the book yett acttd. of as utterly lost & desperatt, 836li. 6s. 2d.

DEBTS due from the estate, 1500li.

--_Essex County Quarterly Court Records_, Vol. II, pp. 271-274.

APPENDIX G

INVENTORY OF THE ESTATE OF EDWARD WHARTON OF SALEM, DECEASED, AND WHAT GOODS WERE IN HIS POSSESSION, CONSIGNED TO HIM BY SEVERAL, TAKEN 12:1:1677-8, BY HILLIARD VEREN, SR., JOHN HATHORNE AND JOHN HIGGINSON, JR.

VALUED IN ENGLAND AS BY INVOYCE,--

1 plaine cloath cloake, 1li. 8s.;

1 boyes worsted cloake, 1li. 5s.;

1 heare camlett cloake, 2li. 18s.;

5 cloath cloakes, 28s. p., 7li.;

1 cloath cloake, 1li. 8s.;

1 fine cloath cloake, 1li. 15s.;

1 cloath cloake, 1li. 12s.;

6 cloath cloake, 28s. p., 8li. 8s.;

3 childs stuff coates at 9s., 1li. 7s.;

1 yeolow Tamy, 10s.;

1 ditto, 13s.;

1 boyes coate, 13s.;

1 doz. home made wooll hose, 1li. 14s.;

1 doz. ditto, 1li. 10s.;

8 pr. of youths ditto, 14s.;

10 pr. of woemens home made wooll stockens, 1li. 2s.;

7 pr. of sale wooll hoase, 10s. 6d.;

17 pr. of woemens & youths stockens, 14s. 10d.;

7 pr. of home made woemens 4 thrid, 3s. 2d. p., 4 pr. ditto sale 4 thrid, 3s. 4d. p., 1li. 10s. 10d.;

4 pr. youthes 4 thrid ditto, 3s. 4d. p., 3 pr. youthes ditto, 3s., 1li. 2s. 4d.;

4 pr. of wooll home made hose, 14s.;

1 pr. mens worsted home made stockens 5s.;

8 pr. of home made worsted; 4 thrid, 1li. 14s.;

6 pr. sale ditto, 18s.;

2 pr. of fine home made, 10s.;

1 childs coate, 7s.;

1 greene say frock, 5s.;

9 childs wascoates, 5d. p., 3s. 9d.;

6 Ditto, 7d. p., 3s. 6d.;

5 Ditto, 9d. p., 3s. 9d.;

4 Ditto, 10d. p., 3s. 4d.;

2 Keasy ditto, 2s. 6d., 5s.;

1 ditto, 2s. 8d.;

2 ditto, 3s. p., 6s.;

6 childrens, 12d. p., 6s.;

4 woemens yeolow wascoate, 22d. p., 7s. 4d.;

1 Cloake of lite collrd. haire camlett, 3li. 7s.;

4 coates of the same camlett, 36s., p., 7li. 4s.;

1 cloath collrd. haire camlett cloake, 35s.;

2 worsted camlett cloakes, 34s., 3li., 8s.;

1 fine haire camlet cloake, 5li.;

2 trunks, 16s.;

3 ditto, 1li. 1s.;

1 ditto, 6s.;

2 dittoes, 5s. p., 10s.;

2 boxes or little red trunkes, s. 2d. p., 6s. 4d.;

1 ditto, 2s. 8d.;

3 silk say under pettecoates lite collrd, at 12s. 6d. p., 1li. 17s. 6d.;

2 Ditto, 1li. 8s.;

cloath woemans wascoats, 8s.;

7 ditto, worth each 8s., 10s., 8s., 10s., 6s., 13s., 15s.;

1 cheny sad. Collrd. uper woemans coate, 7s.;

1 sad collrd. woemans searge coate, 17s., 6d.;

1 black fine searge upper pettecoate, 19s.;

1 stuff cloake for woeman, 10s.;

1 ditto for a girle, 7s.;

1 large worsted Rugg lite collrd, 1li. 14s.;

1 large sad collrd. ditto, worsted, 18s.;

1 ditto worsted sad colld, 1li.;

6 greene & blew plaine Rugge, 8s. p., 2li. 8s.;

1 sad callrd thrum Rugg, 11s. 6d.;

1 cabbin Rugg, 4s. 8d.;

1 Cource 8-4 Rugg, 10s.;

3 coverleds, ordinary, 6s., p., 18s.;

2 ditto at 5s., 10s.;

2 coverleds, large at 7s. 6d., p., 15s.;

1 smale one, 6s. 6d.;

1 red plaine rugg, 8s.;

1 peece wt. cotton, 19s.;

1 darnex carpett, 5s. 6d.;

1 ditto greene, 6s. 6d.;

4 pr. wt. drawers, 10s.;

6 peeces of searge at 40s., 12li.;

7 peeces narrow searge at 25s., 8li. 15s.;

1 peece padaway searge, 2li. 15s.;

13 yds. clarett collrd. Tamy at 19d. p., 1li. 1s. 1d.;

1 large draft lite collrd, 14s.;

1 2d sort, 12s.;

1 small ditto, 10s.;

1 doble 10 qtr. coverled, 1li. 4s.;

1 ditto, 9 qrts. 1li.;

2 dittos, 8 qrts., 15s. 6d., p. 1li. 11s.;

8 yrds. 3/4 striped Tamarene at 18d. p, 13s. 1-1/2d.;

12 yrds. 3/4 Turky mohaire, 2s. 10d. p., 1li. 16s. 1-1/2d.;

6 yrds. 1/4 of striped stuffe at 22d. p, 11s. 5-1/2d.;

9 yrds. striped camlett, 2s. 4d. p, 1li. 1s.;

1 peece oringe collrd worsted draft, 2li. 5s.;

4 yrds. Haire camlett, 3s. p, 2li. 2s.;

10 yrds. of ash collrd, silk moheare, 4s. p, 2li.;

6 yrds. 1/2 of ash collrd silk farrendine, 4s. 6d. p, 1li. 9s. 3d.;

12 yrds. ash collrd. haire camlett at 3s. p, 1li, 16s.;

1 peece sad collrd. stuff, mixt with Gold collrd, 2li. 10s.;

24 yrds. flowered silk draft, 2s. 2li. 8s.;

13 yrds. striped vest at 22d. p, 1li. 3s., 10d.;

18 yrds. Scotch Tabby at 16d. p, 1li. 4s.;

16 yrds., Scotch Tabby at 16s. p, 1li. 1s. 4d.;

10 yrds. Tiking at 15d. p, 12s., 6d.;

8 yrds. padaway at 2s. 6d. p, 1li.;

7 yrds. of Linsy at 12d. 1/2p, 7s. 6d.;

2 pr. boyes cotten drawers, at 2s. p, 4s.;

3 cotten wascoate at 2s. 10d. p, 8s. 6d.;

2 pr. blew drawers, 2s. 5d. p., 4s. 10d.;

1 boyes haire sad coll. camlett cloake, 2li. 15s.;

1 large flanders tike & bolster, 1li. 9s. 6d.;

30 yrds. of upper Tiking, at 18d. p, 2li. 5s.;

42 yrds. diaper at 15d. p, 2li. 12s. 6d.;

12 yrds. of Tabling, 2s. 6d. p, 1li. 10s.;

21 yrds. of diaper for napkins, 18d., p, 1li. 11s. 6d.;

2 pillow Tikins, at 2s. 2d., 4s. 4d.;

1 light coll. boyes cloake, 1li. 12s.;

2 yrds. 1/4 of plush at 8s. p., 6s. 9d.;

20 tobaco boxes at 1d. 1/2 p, 2s. 6d.;

3 ditto at 20d. p. doz., 3-3/4d.;

4 brass roles for chalk lines, 5s. 6d. p. doz., 1s. 10d.;

8 ditto large at 6s. 6d., p. doz. 4s. 4d.;

8 chalk lines at 18d. p. doz., 1s.;

tinware, 4 Cullenders, 5s. 4d.;

6 ditto, 5s. 6d.;

2 doz. wood savealls, 3d. 1/2p, 7d.;

1 large kettle, 2s. 3d.;

1 next size, 2s.;

8 6 qrt. Ketles, 14d. p., 9s. 4d.;

3 gallon Kettles, 12d. p, 3s.;

5 3 qrt. Kettles, 9d. p., 3s. 9d.;

2 3 pt. Kittles, 7d. p. 1s. 9d.;

5 best savealls, 2s. 4d. p. doz., 11-1/2d.;

11 second sort at 8d. p. doz., 7-1/4d.;

3 extinguishers, 8d. per doz., 2-3/4d.;

3 doble plate pans, 18d., p., 4s. 6d.;

a doble puden pan, 9d.;

2 midle sised lanthornes, 18d. p., 3s.;

4 band candlesticks, 5d. 1/2 p, 1s. 10d.;

5 tinder boxes & steele, 7d. p., 2s. 11d.;

4 writing candlesticks, 2d 1/2 p, 10d.;

2 pt. sace pans, 3s. 8d. p doz., 7d.;

3 bread or flower boxes, 3d. 1/2dp., 10-1/2d.;

4 Casters, 2d p., 8d.;

1 peper box, 2d., 1 fish plate, 8d., 10d.;

6 smale bread graters, 8d. p doz., 4d.;

2 pts. at 3d. 3/4 p., 1 funell, 4d., 2 covers, 8d. p., 2s. 3-1/2d.;

3 brass savealls, 7d. p., 3 larger graters, 3d. 1/2 p., 2s. 7d.;

2 egg slices, 2d. 1/2p., 5d.;

3 whip sawes & tillers, 5s. 6d. p., 16s. 6d.;

2 marking irons, 2s., 1 cloase stoole & pan, 8s. 9d., 10s. 9d.;

2 steele handsawes with screws, 3s. p., 6s.;

1 large steele hand saw, 2s. 2d.;

8 hand sawes at 14d. p., 9s. 4d.;

1 handsaw, 10d.;

2 faling Axes, 1s. 5d., 2s. 10d.;

8 bright smale Hamers, 6d. p. 4s.;

9 Rivited hamars at 10d. p., 7s. 6d.;

2 hamers, 4d. p, 8d.;

5 hamers, steele heads, 10s. p. doz., 4s. 2d.;

4 choppers at 15s. p. doz., 3s. 8d.;

2 mincing knives, 12d. p., 2s.;

7 small ditto, 13s. p doz., 7s. 7d.;

9 hatchetts, 12d. p., 9s.;

7 smale mincing knives, 9s. p doz., 5s. 9d.;

3 steele sawes & screwes, 3s. p., 9s.;

5 doz. 8 gimletts at 12d. p doz., 5s. 8d.;

27 pensills at 8d. p doz., 1s. 6d.;

10 percer bitts at 2d. p. 1s. 8d.;

1 large pincers to shooe horses, 1s.;

3 curry combs, 10d.;

2 large ditto, 6d. p, 1s.;

1 pr. spincers for shoomakers, 1s.;

5 pr. nippers, 4d. p, 1s. 8d.;

2 bundles of files, 20d. p. bundles, 3s. 4d.;

12 doz. of straite all blades, 5d. p. doz., 5s.;

7 doz. crooked blades at 5d. p doz., 2s. 11d.;

14 doz. of fire steeles at 6s. p grosse, 7s.;

21 pr. of spurrs at 7s. p doz., 12s. 3d.;

8 pr. dove tailes at 2-1/2d. p, 1s. 8d.;

22 pr. sid hinges, 3d. p., 5s. 6d.;

6 pr. Esses at 8d. p, 4s.;

1 smooth Iron, 1s. 4d.;

3 doble spring lockes at 20d. p, 5s.;

1 single ditto, 9d.;

2 doz. trunk lockes at 6s. p doz., 12s.;

1 doz. of single ditto, 3s. p, 3s.;

1/2 doz. large ditto, 4s.;

2 ship scrapers, 2s.;

6 pr. Coll. yarne mens hose, 12s.;

6 pr. worsted ditto at 3s. 4d., 1li.;

12 pr. stockens, 7d. p. 7s.;

7 pr. ditto, 9d. p, 5s. 3d.;

6 pr. ditto 8d. p., 4s.;

6 pr. ditto at 5d. p., 2s., 6d.;

10 pr. ditto at 6d. p, 5s.;

6 pr. ditto at 13d. p., 6s. 6d., 5 pr. ditto at 18d. p, 7s. 6d.;

1 pr. fine woemens red worsted, 3s.;

2 pr. mens worsted, 3s.;

2 pr. mens worsted black & colld, & 1 pr. white, 7s. 6d.

VALUED HEARE AS MONEY IN N. ENGLAND:

2 linsy woolsey pettecoates, 6s. p., 12s.;

1 little boyes coate of camlett worsted, 6s.;

2 linsey woolsey & 1 pr. of fustian draws, 9s.;

1 pr. linen drawers, more, 3s.;

1 boyes coat, 4s.;

2 red childs blanketts bound wth. feret, 4s. p, 8s.;

1 smale childs camlet pettecoat, 3s.;

9 sashes at 12d., 9s.;

50 yrds. of Irish searge at 2s. 2d. p, 5li. 8s. 4d.;

10 yrds. 1/2 broad worsted camlett duble, 2s. 6d. p, 1li. 6s. 3d.;

16-1/4 yrds. narrow camlett, 1li. 12s. 6d.;

20-1/4 yrds. mixt stuff, very bad, 12d. p, 1li. 3d.;

14 yrds. new Coll. Stuff at 2s. p, 1li. 8s.;

1 ell of farrindine, 2s. 4d. p yd., 2s. 11d.;

6 yrds. coll. fustian, 14d. p. 7s.;

3 yrds. red perpetuana at 2s. 6d. p, 7s. 6d.;

6 yrds. 1/4 greene say at 5s. p, 1li. 11s. 3d.;

42 mens & woemens shifts, 4s. 9d. p, 9li. 19s. 6d.;

12 youth & girls ditto, 3s. 6d. p. 2li. 2s.;

8 finer mens, woemens ditto, 6s. 6d. p, 2li. 12s.;

5 white dimity wascoates, 3s. 6d. p, 17s. 6d.;

1 yrd. 1/2 cambrick, 4s. 6d. p, 6s. 9d.;

2 ends of fine wt. callico, 20s. p, 2li.;

2 peeces broade white calico, 40s. p. 4li.;

2 peeces cource holland, cont. 69 yrds. 30d. p, 8li. 12s. 6d.;

5-1/4 yrds. fine dowlas at 2s. 6d. p, 13s. 1-1/2d.;

7 yrds. cource dowlas at 20d. p, 12s. 6d.;

1 ell cource holland at 2s. 6d. p, 3s. 1-1/2d.;

9 yrds. scimity, 6s., 2 peeces of dimity, 6s. p, 18s.;

1 callico table cloath, 7s. 6d.;

2 callico shirts, 6s. p, 12s.;

2 calico painted table cloathes, 8s. p, 16s.;

1 large ditto, 14s.;

in English money, 2li. 7s.;

New England money, 99li. 4s;

Spanish money, 1li. 16s,;

1 peece of gold, 20s., 3 rings, about 25s., 2li. 5s.;

a dram cupp, 6s.;

3 yds. fine greene say at 6s. p., 18s.;

3 cloath coates at 20s. p, 3li.;

1 cource gray youth coats, 10s.;

7 yrds. 1/2 of striped linen 16d. p, yrd., 10s.;

1 silk thrum Rugg, 2li.;

28 pr. plaine shooes, 4li. 4s.;

15 pr. fale shoes & 2 pr. woemens, 3s. 6d. p. 2li. 19s. 6d.;

9 straw hats, 2s. p, 18s.;

2 pr. fishing bootes at 14s. p., 1li. 8s.;

6li. of combed worsted at 2s. 6d. p, 15s.;

knives, 5s., 2 spoones, 6d.;

6-1/4li wt. suger at 8d. p, 4s. 4d.;

6 brushes, 18d., 1 pr. smale stilliards, 4s., 5s. 6d.;

8-1/2 oz. pins, 10d., p. 7s. 1d.;

2 peeces 1/2 ferret, black Ribbond, 12d., p. 1li. 10s.;

5 gross & 1/2 thrid, buttens, 15d. p, 6s. 10-1/2d.;

about 2 gross thrid laces at 9s. p, 18s.;

1 gross great buttens upon cards, 3s.;

2 doz. 1/2 tweezers, 3s. 6d. p doz. 8s. 9d.;

3 childs swathes, 8d. p., 2s.;

tape & filliting, 2s.;

10 oz. fine thred, 12d p., 10s.;

a little pcell of thrid of severall coll., 1s. 6d.;

13 pr. scissers, 4s., 1 gross thrid, wt. buttens, 18d., 5s 6d.;

19 yds. red Ferrett, 4d. p. yrd., 6s. 4d.;

blew tape, 4d., green cotten ribbon, 4d., silk, 18d., 1s. 8d.;

1 pr. bodies, 3s. 6d., 1 woemens worsted cap, 12d.;

6 pr. childs yarne gloves, 3s.;

11 yrds. green ferrett, 4d. p., 3s. 8d.;

6 doz. pack needles, 5s.;

soweing needles, 6d.;

4 oz. peper, 6d., 3 pr. spectacles, & 5 cases, 22d.;

16 yrds. yellow taffaty Ribbond, 3d. p. 4s.;

6 boxes of Lockeers pills & papers, 24 yrds. 1/2 silk galoone, 2s. p. doz. 4s.;

16 country Ruggs & 2 cradle ditto waying 223li, at 14s. p. li, 13li.;

8 Bushells of pease at 3s. p, 1li. 4s.;

1 old sheete of cource canvas, 2s.;

1 old table, 6s., 1 brasse yoare, 20s.;

1 perpetuance under pettecoate, 9s.;

1 woemans Shamare lined, 16s.;

a womans Jerkin, 6s.;

1 pr. wooll cards, 1s.;

8 hand basketts, 12d. p. 8s.;

60 li. of sheeps woll., 6d. p bagg, 2s., 1li. 12s.;

2 sadles & stirrops, 1li. 4s.;

4 Iron plates or fenders, 3s. p., 12s.;

125li. of sheeps wooll at 6d. p, 3li. 2s. 6d.;

4 baggs, 2s. p, 8s.;

hops & bagg, 2s.;

3 smale skins, 8d. p. 2s.;

79 narrow brimd. hats, 2s. p., 7li, 18s.;

1 new, 10s.;

4 bands, 4s.;

1 boyes wt. caster, 3s.;

a large chest, 7s.;

2 tray makers adses, 3s.;

1 square & a broaken one, 1s. 6d.;

2 coop. axes, 30d. p, 5s.;

1 bill, 12d., 3 hollow shaves, 12d., p, 4s.;

2 cooper adzes, 2s. p, 1 pr. sheers, 12d.;

3 doz. 9 curtaine rings, 1s.;

4 large, 6 smale shaves, 6s.;

7 shooe punches, 6d. p., 3s. 6d.;

9 pr. Hinges, 5d. p, 3s. 9d.;

2 gouges, 2 chessell, 4d. p, 1s. 4d.;

1 tinder box & pump nailes, 1s. 6d.;

1 coopers knife, 10d.;

5 staples, 12d.;

4 bolts, 2s.;

1 auger, 12d.;

a rasp & smale auger, 1s.;

5 pr. sissers, 12d.;

a pewter salt, 12d.;

3 pr. snuffers, 18d.;

a standish, 2s. 6d.;

6 cod hoockes, 12d.;

1 bed quilt, 10s.;

1 thousand & 1/2 of pins, 1s. 1-1/2d.;

21 doz. of wt. thrid buttens, 18d. p. grosse, 2s. 7d.;

pewter Bottle, 9d.;

pcell of beaver stones, 2li. 10s.;

2 pr. small scalls & some waites, 6s.;

a glasiers vice & moulds, 4li.;

a pcell of glass, drawne lead, sodering to mak up about 200 or 300 foot of glass, 4li.;

29 li. cheese at 3-1/2d. p li., 8s. 5d.;

1 B. 1/2 wheat, 3s. 6d., p. 3 bagges, 3s., 8s. 3d.;

6 old shirts, 7s., 5 very old sheets, 15s., 1li. 2s.;

2 old drawers, 2s.;

3 wascoates, 8s.;

4 pillow beeres, 6s.;

1 table cloath & 4 napkins, 6s.;

1 chest, 5s.;

1 sash, 12d.;

1 carpett, 18d.;

1 bed pan, 5s.;

1 brass chafindish, 3s.;

a fether bed & bolster, 2 blanketts, 7 pillowes, a rugg & bedsteed, 7li.;

a pcell of pack cloath, 7s., a hamer, 18d., 8s. 6d.;

his woolen wearing apparell, 5li.;

1 chest, a smale table & 2 old cushions, 12s.;

2 old seives, 10d.;

1 bed, bolster, 1 pillow, 2 Ruggs, bedsteed & blankett, 4li. 10s.;

1 old trunk marked E. W., 3s.;

some odd trifling lumber, 2s.;

2 tables, 4 Joyn stools, 18s., tinn ware, 14s., 1li. 12s.;

brasse ware, 1li.;

pewter, 35s., 2 spitts, 2 fire pans, 8s., 2li. 3s.;

2 Iron potts & skillett, 12s.;

4 rasors, 1 pr. sissers & a hoand, 9s.;

some Indian dishes & other lumber, 8s.

FURRS:

49 Racoone skins, 12d. p, 2li. 9s.;

38 fox skins, 2s. 6d. p. 4li. 15s.;

2 woolves skins, 12d. p. 2s.;

a cub beare skin, 1s.;

31 Otter skins, 6s. p., 9li. 6s.;

4 wood chuck skins, 21d. p, 7s.;

21 martins & sables at 15d., 1li. 8s. 3d.;

7 muskquash, 6d. p, 3s. 6d.;

about 50li. beaver, 6s. p., 15li. 13 B. mault, 3s. p, 1li. 19s.;

150li. oacum, 25s., 3 pecks wt. salt, 1li. 6s. 9d.;

36 gall. Rume, 2s. p. 3li. 12s.;

2 new chests with ticks, 6s. p, 12s.;

4 new barrells, 8s.;

2 shovells, 18d., 301li. sheeps woole, 15s., 16s., 6d.;

1 bagg, 18d., 200 foot of board, 8s. 9s. 6d.;

2 B. wheate, 3s. 6d. p. 3 b. Ry. 3s. p. B., 9s. 3d.;

6 B. pease, 3s. p., 1/2 B. Beanes, 19s. 6d.;

11 hides, 5s. p., about 600 foot bord, 3li. 19s.;

16 B. Indian corne, 2s. p, 1 barrell, 2s., 1li. 14s.;

6 chests, 6s. p, about 13 C. spanish Iron, 2s. p., C, 14li. 16s.;

2 barrells of porke, 50s., 5li.;

almost 2 barrells of tarr, 7s. 6d. p, 15s.;

100li. tobbacco at 3d p, 1li. 5s.;

11 moose skins, 5li. 8d.;

2 Racoones, 12d. p, 2 sealls at 12d. p, 4s.;

1 hhd. 1/2 passader wine much decaid, 4li.;

pt. of 5 barrell very much decaid & pricked madera, ----;

2 hhd. mallasses nott full, 5li. 10s.;

an old small catch exceeding out of repaire almost worne out, both Hull & all appurtenances, valued by Mr. Bar. Gedney & John Norman, ship carpenters, 15li.;

a dwelling house & land neere the meeting house & apprtenances, 80li.;

a smale peece of land part of a frame for a warehouse & wharf, not finished & stones upon the ground, 14li. 10s.;

a small pcell of timber & old board, 10s.;

an old smale cannoe, 10s.;

a horse runing in the woods if alive ----;

a remant of stuff, 2s.;

a pcell of land at New Jerzey but doe not know the quantity yett & some goods at som other places not yett knowne what they are ----; total, 630li. 6s. 5-3/4d.

Samll. Shattock's account of the debts: To several in England above, 300li.;

to several in New England which cannot yet be known how much, nor Justly what yt is in England, but as himselfe said when he was sick & I ptly finde it by Invoys of Goods.

APPRAISED SINCE THE FOREGOING, GOODS BROUGHT FROM THE EASTWARD AS COST PER INVOICE:

2 coates, 19s. p. coate, 1li. 18s.;

2 coats, 16s., p, 1li. 12s.;

3 white childs coates, 1 at 11s. & 2 at 14s., 1li. 19s.;

2 coates, 19s. p, 6 or 7 yeare old, 1li. 18s.;

1 Coat tamet, 16s.;

1 boyes coate, 13s.;

a flanders Tick & bolster, 1li. 9s. 6d.;

a draft, 8 qrts., 14s.

VALUED AS COST HERE IN NEW ENGLAND:

2 silke barateene under coates, 1li. 6s.;

1 large silk Rugg, 3li.;

1 calico India carpett, 4s.;

7 bushell & 1/2 malt, 1li. 2s. 6d.;

3 B. & 1/2 of Indian, 7s.;

1 B. wheate, 3s. 6d.;

a speckled pillow beere, 1s.;

to sugar sold at 5s. 3d.;

a gold ring, 7s. 6d.;

an Iron Casement, 5s.;

460 feet of board, 3s. p, 13s. 8d.;

8 narrow brimed hats, 2s. p, 16s.;

3 old rusty curry combs, 1s.;

2 old sawes, 2s. 6d.;

4 pr. sissers, 1 twissers, 1 gimlet, punch, som ales & steeles, 4s. 6d;

3 firkins of old butter, 3li.;

decayed wine, 1li. 15s.;

an old pr. of hand screws, 1li. 10s.;

debt of 12s.;

suposed 3 acres of land at merimake, to a silver seale, 2s.;

bookes, 12s.;

mincing knife, 6d., 2 curry combes, 2s.;

Glass redy made & som lead, 1li. 10s.;

2 chests & 1 trunke, 15s.;

8 & 2 yd. of narrow serge, at 2s. p, 17s.;

Debts, 40 li.;

total 69li. 6s. 11d.

Allowed in Salem court 27: 4: 1678, Samuell Shattuck, sr., being a Friend affirming, and Samuell Shattock, jr. making oath to the truth of the inventory.

--_Essex County Probate Records_, Vol. III, pp. 203-208.

APPENDIX H

INVENTORY OF THE ESTATE OF CAPT. GEORGE CORWIN OF SALEM, TAKEN BY BARTHL. GEDNEY, BENJA. BROWNE, JOHN HIGGINSON JUNR. AND TIMO. LINDALL ON JAN. 30 AND THE BEGINNING OF FEB., 1684-5

Dwelling house & land wheron it stands & adjoyneing to it wth. the out houseing & fence, &c., 400li.;

the pastor, qt.[97] about 3 acres 1/2, considering a buriall place ther apointed, 90li.;

[97] Quantity.

the lower warhouse & wharfe, 110li.;

the upper warhouse & land adjoyning, 50li.;

about 8 acres Medow & upland by Ely Geoules, 45li.;

the farme on the plaines goeing to Lin bought of Trask, Pickering, Adams, &c., qt. about 200 acres, 25p., 250li.;

the Farme now Reding bought of Burnap, qt. about 800 acres, aprized by Tho. Flint & Jos. Pope, 250li.;

the Farme bought of John Gold, qt. about 500 acres, 50li.;

60 acres of Land bought of Goodman Dutton, 20li.;

15 acres of medow bought of Lt. Smith, 25li.;

the houses & Land adjoyneing that was Wm. Godsoes & wharfe, 45li.;

a pc. of land at the point nere Jer. Neales yt was ----, 10li.;

the Katch Swallow wth. her apurtenances, 130li.;

the Katch George with her apurtenances, 65li.;

620 oz. 7/8 plate at 6s. 8d. [per], 206li. 19s. 2d.;

in New England mony, 47li. 1s.;

in English mony, 37li. 15s., advance, 7li. 11s., 45li. 6s.;

in peices of Eight, 1519li. 1s. 8d;

72oz. 1/4 Gold at 5li. [per] oz., 361li. 5s.;

1 Silver hat band & 6 Spones, qt. 4 oz. 9/16, 1li. 10s. 4d.;

1 watch wth. a stard case, 1 watch wth. a Silver case, 5li.;

1 Silver case & doctors Instruments, 5li.;

more in New England mony, 2li. 18s. 6d.;

1 Plate hilt rapier, 4li. 10s.;

1 Two edged Sword, 1li.;

1 Silver headed cane, 5s.

IN THE SHOPE.

2 yd. broadcl[oth] at 8s., 16s.;

1 yd. 3/4 ditto at 8s., 14s.;

16 yd. 3/8 Redcloth Rash at 6s. 6d., 5li. 6s. 5-1/4d.;

2 yd. 3/4 serge at 3s. 6d.; 9s. 7-1/2d.;

6 yd. perpcheana at 18d., 9s.;

7 yd. 1/4 perpcheana at 18d., 10s. 10-1/2d.;

11 yd. ditto at 18d., 16s. 6d.;

20 yd. 1/2 ell french Stufe at 2s., 2li. 1s. 3d.;

36 yd. 1/2 ditto at 2s., 3li. 13s.;

25 yd. Red Cotten at 2s., 2li. 10s.;

1 Sad colerd Ruge, 18s.;

1 Grene ditto, 18s.;

9 yd. 1/2 Stript Stufe at 18d., 14s. 8d.;

1 yd. 1/4 Grene Say, damaged, 2s.;

19 yd. 3/4 Grene tamey at 10d., 16s. 25-1/2d.;

1 yd. 3/4 bl. calico at 18d., 2s. 7-1/2d.;

4 yd. 1/2 crape at 18d., 6s. 9d.;

11 yd. 3/4 Crape at 18d., 17s. 7-1/2d.;

2 yd. 1/2 Stript Stufe at 18d., 3s. 9d.;

2 yd 1/2 ell Curle deroy at 18d., 3s. 11d.;

4 yd. 3/4 prunella at 22d., 8s. 8-1/2d.;

10 yd. 1/4 Silk barronet at 2s. 6d., 1li. 5s. 7-1/2d.;

7 yd. buckrom at 18d., 10s. 6d.;

10 yd. bla. Cloth rash at 6s., 3li. 4s. 6d.;

6 yd. 3/4 Sad colerd ditto at 6s., 2li. 6s.;

14 yd. 1/2 Gr. Tamey at 10d., 12s. 1d.;

6 yd. flanell at 18d., 9s. 4-1/2d.;

2 pr. white blanketts, 14s.;

[2]1 yd. 3/4 Red cotten at 20d., 1li. 16s. 3d.;

14 yd. peniston ----, 1li. 8s.;

11 yd. 1/2 Carsy in Remnts. at 4s., 2li; 6s.;

1 yd. 1/2 Red buckrom at 18d., 2s. 3d.;

2 Sutes Curtains & valients at 4li., 8li.;

2 yd. 1/4 Flanell at 18d., 3s. 4-1/2d.;

28 yd. 1/2 ell persian Silke at 5s. 6d., 7li. 17s. 5d.;

6yd. 3/4 wosted Farenden at 20d., 11s. 3d.;

5 yd. 3/4 camlet at 20d., 9s. 7d.;

16 yd. 3/4 ticking at 20d., 1li. 7s. 11d.;

20 yd. 1/2 ditto, at 20d., 1li. 14s. 2d.;

19 yd. 1/4 ditto at 20d., 1li. 12s. 1d.;

3 yd. 1/4 ditto at 20d., 5s. 5d.;

11 yd. 1/2 ditto at 17d., 16s. 3-1/2d.;

17 yd. bengall at 18d., 1li. 5s. 6d.;

24 yd. 1/2 St. Petters canvis at 16d., 1li. 12s. 8d.;

10 yd. 1/4 hall cloth at 15d., 12s. 9-3/4d.;

5 yd. 1/2 canvis at 16d., 7s. 4d.;

14 yds. ditto damaged at 14d., 16s. 4d.;

29 yds. ditto damaged at 12d., 1li. 9s.;

12 yd. 1/2 fugeres at 15d., 15s. 7-1/2d.;

22 yd. 3/4 Vittery at 13d., 1li. 4s. 7-3/4d.;

19 yd. 3/4 ditto at 13d., 1li. 1s. 4-3/4d.;

24 yd. 1/4 fine canvis at 18d., 1li. 16s. 4-1/2d.;

3 pcs. broad linon, qt. 309 yd., at 20d., 25li. 15s.;

32 yd. 3/4 blu linon at 9d., 1li. 4s. 6-3/4d.;

10 yd. 3/4 pillow Ticking at 18d., 16s. 1-2/3d.;

5 yd. wte. Fustian at 15d., 6s. 3d.;

18 yd. course holland at 2s., 1li. 16s.;

7 yd. Slesy holland at 21d., 12s. 3d.;

10 yd. 1/2 Scotch cloth at 16d., 14s.;

25 yd. 3/4 lockrom at 15d., 1li. 12s. 2-1/4d.;

61 yd. 2/3 doulas at 16d., 4li. 2s. 4d.;

2 halfe peces of 2/3 doulas, 9li.;

26 yd. browne diaper at 14d., 1li. 10s. 4d.;

55 yd. Vittery at 12d., 2li. 15s.;

12 yd. high Brene at 22d., 1li. 2s.;

1 bolt Noyles, qt. 140 yd., at 16d., 9li. 6s. 8d., 2 pcs. Course ticking at 35d., 3li. 10s.;

12 pr. weo. hose, 18s.;

12 pr. mixed Stockrs. Smll. & Great, 14s.;

13 pr. bodys at 4s., 2li. 12s.;

4 pr. parogon bodys & Stomachers at 8s., 1li. 12s.;

11 pr. Small bodys at 20d., 18s. 4d.;

1 doz. large Combes, 4s. 6d.;

3 doz. ditto at 3s. [per] dz., 9s.;

5 doz. ditto at 2s. [per] dz., 10s.;

8 combes at 3d.1/2, 2s. 4d.;

23 wte. haft knives at 8d., 15s. 4d.;

3 thousd. pins, 2s. 6d.;

17 long bla. haft knives wthout sheaths at 3d., 4s. 3d.;

2 dz. bl. haft knives at 2s. 6d., 5s.;

3 papers manchrs. & pt. of a peice, 12s., 49 pcs. colerd tapes at 12d., 2li. 9s.;

3 papers colerd Filiting, 9s.;

40 pcs. wte. Tape at 12d., 2li.;

23 pcs. nar tape at 8d., 17s. 4d.;

17 doz. thred laces, 4s. 11d.;

a percell of broken tape, 5s.;

4 pcs. 1/2 diaper Filiting, 6s.;

41 Smll. pcs. Colerd tape at 3d.1/2, 11s. 11-1/2d.;

a percell of broken colerd tape, 1s. 6d.;

21 cards old fasioned silke lace & 5 cards Gimp Lace, 4li.;

1li. 2 oz. fine thred at 10s., 11s. 3d.;

5 pr. Gloves, 2s.;

6 doz. 1/2 Sisers at 2s., 13s.;

1/2 doz. barbers Sisers at 6d., 3s.;

a box nedles, qt. about 3 thousand, 1li. 10s.;

44 doz. yds. flowerd & Plain Ribin at 12s., 26li. 8s.;

20 yd. flowred Ribin at 5d., 8s. 4d.;

22 yd. 3/4 ferit Ribin at 4d., 7s. 7d.;

1 pc. 1/2 Cotten Ribin, 4s. 6d.;

2 yd. 1/4 Ribin at 6d., 1s. 1d.;

12li. kniting nedles at 12d., 12s.;

1 pr. fishing boots, 12s.;

4 pr. fr. held shouse & 2 pr. Galotias, 1li.;

6 flower boxes, 4 tin poringers, 1 candle box, 1 Tinder box, 1 Calender, 4 Candlesticks, 7 driping pans, 4 fish plates, 1li.;

1 brase Skilit, 4s.;

27 m. 4d. Nayles at 2s. 6d., 3li. 7s. 6d.;

4 m. 6d. nayles at 3s. 8d., 14s. 8d.;

226 mackerell lines at 9d., 8li. 9s. 6d.;

Erthen ware & wooden ware 3s.;

4 m., 2ct. 12d. Nayles at 10s. [per] m., 2li. 2s.;

5ct: 1: 14li. Shot at 20s. [per] ct. 5li. 7s. 6d.;

147li. French lines at 10d., 6li. 2s. 6d.;

8 yd. 1/2 yellow Ribin at 6d., 4s. 3d.;

15 yd. bone lace at 4d., 5s.;

a percell of hat bands, 1li. 15s.;

24m. 1/2 hobs at 21d. [per] m., 2li. 2s. 10-1/2d.;

11 Grose buttens at 21d., a percell loose buttons, 1li. 3s. 3d.;

1 ct. Suger, 1li.;

1li. 1/4 Silke at 22s., 1li. 7s. 6d.;

3 Iron morters & 2 Iron pots, qt. 95li. at 3d., 1li. 3s. 9d.;

a parcell of Ginger in a Caske, 6s.;

1 brase morter, 9s.;

9 Cow bells at 8d., 2 pr. pattens at 12d., 8s.;

10 Chalke lines, 1s. 8d.;

7 doz. 1/2 Capl. hooks at 18d., 11s. 3d.;

2 Reme paper, 8s.;

a percell of white beades, 1s.;

34li. pouder blue at 14d., 1li. 19s. 8d.;

114li. alspice at 21d., 9li. 19s. 6d.;

1 pr. cards, 1s. 6d.;

33li. shott, 6s.;

4 large, 3 Smll. Salt Sellers, 8d.;

a bundle of Galome, 15s.;

3 Combs, 2s.;

10 Catticises at 12d., 3s.;

2 pr. blu Stockins, 2s. 6d.;

a percell of Red filit & tape, 2s.;

1 qt. pot, 1 pt. pot, 1 Gill pott, 4s.;

4 pr. Seales & waites, 37s., 1 pr. Stiliards, 3s., 2li.;

Cloves, mace, Cinomon & Nutmegs, 10s.;

3 black Silk Caps for men, 3s.

IN THE SHOP CHAMBER.

21 Stock locks at 8d.1/4, 14s. 5-1/4d.;

30 ditto at 11d.1/4, 1li. 8s. 1-1/4d.;

42 ditto at 15d.3/4, 2li. 15s. 1-1/2d.;

9 ditto at 6d.1/2, 14s. 7-1/2d.;

11 ditto at 22d.1/2, 1li. 7-1/2d.;

14 ditto at 25d.1/2, 1li. 9s. 9d.;

6 ditto at 31d.1/2, 15s. 9d.;

45 Smll. lines at 6d., 1li. 2s. 6d.;

5 M. brase nayles at 9s. 9d., 2li. 8s. 9d.;

5 Candlesticks at 10d.1/2, 4s. 4-1/2d.;

2 doz. augers at 7s. 6d., 15s.;

13 carveing Tooles at 3d., 3s. 3d.;

5 paring Chisells at 6d.3/4, 2s. 9-3/4d.;

19 Gouges & Chisells at 7d.1/2, 11s. 10-1/2d.;

6 doz & 3 plaining Irons at 5s. [per] doz., 1li. 11s. 3d.;

Oct: 2: 5li. hooks & Twists at 48s., 1li. 6s. 2d.;

18 Spring locks at 2s. 3d., 2li. 6d.;

3 Spring locks wth. Screws at 2s. 9d., 8s. 3d.;

3 best ditto at 3s. 6d., 10s. 6d.;

6 Single Spr. Locks at 13d., 6s. 6d.;

12 warded outside chist lockes, 15s. 9d.;

155li. Frying panes at 6d., 3li. 17s. 6d.;

23 outsid box locks at 6d., 11s. 6d.;

17 Reape hooks at 9d., 12s. 9d.;

10 ward cuberd locks at 9d. 3/4, 8s. 1-1/2d.;

1 doz. latches & katches, 6s. 6d.;

26 plaine cuberd locks at 6s., 13s.;

3 pr. pinchers at 11d., 2s. 9d.;

8 pr. nipers at 4d.1/2, 3s.;

10 pr. marking Irons at 15d., 12s. 6d.;

2 doz. & 3 tacks at 4d. [per] dz., 9d.;

1/2 doz. shepe sheres at 19d.1/2, 9s. 9d.;

1 doz. shepe sheres, 16s. 6d.;

13 doz. 1/2 all Blades at 6d. [per] doz., 6s. 9d.;

3 best box Irons at 3s. 6d., 10s. 6d.;

2 plaine box Irons at 18d., 3s.;

6 Stell Sawes at 3s. 3d., 19s. 6d.;

20 Sawes at 18d., 1li. 10s.;

7 doz. & 2 wte. haft knives at 8s., 2li. 17s. 4d.;

1 pr. Tongs & fire pan, 5s. 6d.;

2 doz. 1/2 horne haft knives at 4s., 10s.;

5 tilers hamers at 22d.1/2, 9s. 4-1/2d.;

7 pr. barbers Sisers at 6d., 3s. 6d.;

4 doz. & 5 pr. Large Sisers at 3s., 13s. 3d.;

2 doz. 11 Glass bottles at 3s., 8s. 9d.;

4 doz. 3 Sorted hamers at 12s., 2li. 11s.;

3 doz. Speke Gimlets at 4s. 3d., 12s. 9d.;

6 doz. 9 Small Gimlets at 2s., 13s. 6d.;

15 pr. buttons at 19d. 1/2, 1li. 4s. 4-1/2d.;

4 Stared bridles at 3s. 3d., 13s.;

7 chafeing dishes at 12d., 7s.;

1 doz. best wte. bridles 14s., 3d.;

1/2 doz. ordinary ditto, 6s.;

11 bolls, 6d.3/4, 6s. 2-1/2d.;

5 bl. plaine bridles at 14d.1/4, 5s. 11-1/4d.;

11 dutch bridles at 25d.1/2, 1li. 3s. 4-1/2d.;

2 French ditto at 22d.1/2, 3s. 9d.;

1 doz. best Stirop leathers at 18s., 18s.;

8 Stirop leathers at l0d.1/2, 7s.;

1 Grose of diaper Girt web, 1li. 2s. 6d.;

1 Grose fine plaine ditto, 1li. 3s. 3d.;

1 Grose 1/4 ditto at 15s., 18s. 9d.;

7 pr. Swevell Stirop Irons at 16d.1/2, 9s. 7-1/2d.;

1 doz. boxhorse combes, 5s.;

11 horse combes at 2s. 9d. [per] doz., 2s. 6-1/4d.;

3 pr. plaine Stirop Irons at 10d.1/2, 2s, 7-1/2d.;

11 horse brushes at 12d.1/2, 11s. 5-1/2d.;

2 Grose Girt buckles at 8s. 3d., 16s. 6d.;

4 Papers wte. buckles at 18d., 6s.;

11 curry combes at 5d.1/2, 5s., 1/2d.;

4 best wte. Cury combs at 18d. 6s.;

5 wte. ditto at 15d., 6s. 3d.;

14 Files at 8d.1/4, 9s. 7-1/2d.;

4 horse locks at 14d.1/2, 4s. l0d.;

6 Twisted Snafells at 7d.1/2, 3s. 9d.;

5 large plaine ditto at 6d., 2s. 6d.;

4 small ditto at 4d.1/2, 1s. 6d.;

8 Smll. padlocks at 9d., 6s.;

3 large ditto at 12d.3/4, 3s. 2-1/4d.;

4 tiling trowells at 12d., 4s.;

2 pointing trowells at 12d., 2s.;

45 pr. plaine Spures at 6d.1/4, 1li. 3s. 5-1/4d.;

3 pr. Joynted Spures at 7d.1/2, 1s. 10-1/2d.;

287 Curtaine rings at 18d. [per] ct., 4s. 4d.;

10 Curr Bitts at 22d.1/2, 18s. 9d.;

12 pr. bosses, 8s. 3d.;

2 drawing knives at 14d., 2s., 4d.;

3 doz. 1 Shoue Spurs at 2s. 6d., 7s. 8-1/2d.;

3 shoue knives at 2d.1/2, 7d.1/2;

4 wimble bits & 1 Gimlet, 1s.;

1 brick Joynter, 4d.;

4 outside Chist lock at 10d. [per], 3s. 4d.;

1 Chist lock, 10d.;

12 li. pack thred at 12d. [per], 14s.;

1 Cutting Knife, 6d.;

2 X Garnels at 8d., 1s. 4d.;

1 cow bell, 8d.;

1 halfe pt. pott, 1s.;

14 yd. 3/4 Carsy at 3s. 6d., 2li. 11s. 7-1/2d.;

8 pcs. blu linon, qt. 233 yd. 3/4, at 9d., 8li. 15s. 3-3/4d.;

37 yd. ticking at 2d., 3li. 14s.;

25 yd. 3/4 yellow flanell at 18d., 1li. 18s. 7-1/2d.;

61 yd. 3/4 fine doulas, and 1/2 pc. fine Doulas, 13li.;

1 pc. Course Ticking, qt. 35 yds., at 12d., 1li. 15s.;

171 yd. Genting in 20 pls. & Severll. Remnts. at 18d., 12li. 16s. 6d.;

4 yd. 3/4 peniston at 2s., 9s. 6d.;

45 yd. 3/4 St. Petters linon at 15d., 2li. 17s. 2-1/4d.;

16 yd. 1/4 Red flannell at 20d., 1li. 7s. 1d.;

1/2 doz. chusians at 2s., 12s.;

35 yd. Small Noyles at 9d., 1li. 6s. 3d.;

18 yd. 1/4 medrinix damaged at 4d., 6s. 1d.;

1 pc. Red Cotten, qt. 72 yd., at 21d., 6li. 6s.;

1 pc. ditto, qt. 76 yd., at 21d., 6li. 13s.;

42 yd. medrinix at 9d., 1li. 11s. 6d.;

33 yd. St. Petters Linon at 14d., 1li. 18s. 6d.;

59 yd. 1/2 medrinix at 9d., 2li. 4s. 7-1/2d.;

45 yd. 3/4 broad linon at 18d., 3li. 8s. 7-1/2d.;

26 yd. broad Linon at 15d., 1li. 12s. 6d.;

94 yd. Narow Brene at 15d., 5li. 17s. 6d.;

32 yd. 3/4 Longloses at 16d., 2 li. 3s. 8d.;

115 yd. Vittery at 13d., 6li. 4s. 7d.;

107 yds. ditto damaged at 8d., 3li. 11s. 4d.;

1 Ruge Eaten, 20s., 1li.;

1 ditto, 1li. 4s.;

1 ditto, 16s.;

1 ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 ditto, 1li. 3s.;

70 yd. Smll. Noyles at 9d., 2li. 12s. 6d.;

35 yd 1/2 Red Cotten at 2s., 3li. 11s.;

45 yd 1/2 St. Petters linon at 16d., 3li. 8d.;

1 bolt Ranletts, qt. 70 yd., at 12d., 3li. 10s.;

62 yd. Lockrom at 12d., 3li. 2s.;

1 pc. course Ticking, qt. 35 yd., at 12d., 1li. 15s.;

16 yd. 1/2 Medrinix at 9d., 12s. 4-1/2d.;

59 yd. Vittery damaged at 6d., 1li. 9s. 6d.;

63 yd. fine hall cloth at 16d., 4li. 4s.;

13 doz. & 8 pr. large Sisers at 3s., 2li. 1s.;

4 doz. Smll. Sisers at 2s., 8s.;

4 doz. large Combes at 4s. 6d., 18s.;

16 doz. ditto at 3s. 6d., 2li. 16s.;

12 doz. ditto at 3s., 1li. 16d.;

4 doz. ditto at 2s., 8s.;

9 white haft knives at 8d., 6s.;

6 bl. haft knives at 4d., 2s.;

16 bl. woden haft case knives at 4d., 5s. 4d.;

86 hower Glases at 6d., 2li. 3s.;

7 papers manchester at 4s., 1li. 8d.;

1 pc. filiting, 2s.;

1/2 li. fine thred at 10s., 5s.;

128 li. Colered & browne thread at 2s. 8d., 17li. 1s. 4d.;

25 Grose & 8 doz. Gimp coat buttons at 21d., 2li. 4s. 11d.;

2 Grose brest ditto at 16d., 2s. 8d.;

1 pc. Slesy holland, 15s.;

1 pr. Gerles Gren Stockings, 1s. 2d.;

a percell of hat bands & linings, 5s.;

1 pr. bandelers, 6s.;

31 old fashioned high Crowned hats at 18d., 2li. 6s. 6d.;

1 low ditto, 1s. 6d.;

2 yd. 1/2 Curle at 2s. 5d., 6s. 1/2d.;

28 wooden blocks at 4d., 9s. 4d.;

1 Ruge, 18s.;

2 Red Cushian, 5s.;

1 Red Ruge, 10s.;

old Curtaines, &c. in a Chist, 10s.;

1 Silke cradle ruge, 12s.;

1 Canvis Sute, 2s. 6d.;

1 large wainscot chist, 18d.;

1 old Chist & two old Trunks, 8s.;

1 Chaire & 1 Table, 6s.;

1 pr. weo. black shouse, 3s. 6d.;

4 tin pans, 3s.;

1 watch Glase, 1s.;

3 Sase pans, 2 tunells & 2 peper boxes, 1s. 6d.;

1 bed, bolster & pillow, 2li. 15s.;

1 bedsted & matt, 10s.;

1 pr. Grene Curtains & valients, 1li.;

2 Red Fethers, 5s.;

1 cod line, 1s. 3d.;

1 Cloake bage, 3s.;

oatmell, 6s.

IN THE LOWER WAREHOUSE.

120 hh. or thereabouts of salt at 8s., 48li.;

17 m. shingle at 5s. [per], 4li. 5s.;

2 ct. 1/2 Clabords at 4s., 10s.;

20 barells Tarr at 4s. 6d., 4li, 10s.;

5 barells Oyle at 25s., 6li. 5s.;

3 old hogsheads, 7s. 6d.;

1 Cask Nayles, qt. 0: 2: 25, ditto, qt. 1: 1: 24, 1 ditto, qt. 2: 0: 01, 1 ditto, qt. O: 3: 00, 1 ditto, qt. 1: 0: 09, 1 ditto, qt. 1: 0: 05, 1 ditto, qt. 1: 3: 15, total, 8: 3: 23, deduct Tare, 0: 3: 23, Rest, 8: 0: 00 at 46s. 8d., 18li. 13s. 4d.;

1 Caske hobs, 6li.;

1 Cable, qt. 3ct: 3: 2li. at 25s., 4li. 14s. 2d.;

48ct: 0: 13li. Spa Iron at 20s., 48li. 2s. 4-1/2d.;

26: 0: 00 Lead at 2Os., 26li.;

2 doz. 3 Rubstones at 18d. [per] doz., 3s. 4-1/2d.;

35 doz. Erthen ware, 3li.;

1 barll. yelow Oaker, qt. neat 2ct: 0: 17li. at 10s., 1li. 1s. 6d.;

a percell of old Junke, 10li.;

1 Great beame Scales & 1 halfe hundrd., 1li. 15s.;

1 Smll. beame & 2 morters, 10s.;

2 netts damaged, 10s.;

old rey in ye Garret, 3s.;

5 m. Red Oak hogshead staves at 25s., 6li. 5s.;

1 pr. old hand screws, 10s.;

2 pr. Stilliards, 1li. 5s.;

a percell of Rozin, 10s.;

1 longe Oare, 5s.;

shod shoule, 1s. 6d.;

old cask, 10s.;

1 Suger drawer, 1s. 6d.;

a percell Limestones on the wharfe, 8li.

IN THE UPER WAREHOUSE.

3 Ketles 95li.1/2, 15 potts 550li. at 25s. [per] ct., 7li. 4s.;

9ct: 2: 2li. lead at 20s. [per] 9li. 10s. 4d.;

4: 1: 9 Stelle att 50s. [per], 10li. 16s. 6d.;

1: 2: 8 of Old Iron at 12s. [per], 19s.;

1 hogshed Suger, qt. 6ct: 1: 16li. neat 20s., 6li. 8s.;

1 Cask Starch, qt. 150li. neate at 3d., 1li. 17s. 6d.;

7 doz. 2/3 Glase botles at 2s. 9d., 1li. 1s. 1d.;

2 barll. mattasows at 30s., 3li.;

1 pr. Great hand screws, 3li.;

12 whip Sawes at 9s., 5li. 8s.;

beanes, 3s.;

1 Chist drawers, 1li. 10s.;

wheate, 6s.;

1 pr. Great Stilliards, li. 5s.;

1 pr. Smll. Stilliards defective, 5s.;

219 fot Bords, 3s. [per], 2 harpn. Irons 12d. [per], 8s. 7d.;

old caske, 10s.;

Graine, the Sweping of the Chamber, 3s.;

part of an old Clock, 10s.

IN THE OLD HALL.

9 turkey worke chaires wthout. backs, 5s. [per], 2li. 5s.;

4 ditto wth. Backs at 8s. [per], 1li. 12s.;

6 low Turky worke ditto wth. Backs, 8s. [per], 2li. 8s.;

2 Tables, 20s. [per], 1 ditto, 5s., 2li. 5s.;

1 Carpet, 15s.;

1 pr. large brase Andirons, 1li. 10s.;

1 large looking Glase & brases, 2li. 5s.;

3 Curtaine rods & Curtains for windows, 15s.;

2 Candlesticks, 5s.;

1 Glase Globe, 1s.

IN THE RED CHAMBER.

8 Red branched chaires wth. Covers, 16s. [per], 6li. 8s.;

1 Smll. table, 1 Red carpet, 10s.;

2 Curtaine rods & window Curtaines, 7s.;

1 Scritore & frame, 1li. 10s.;

2 Trunks, 15s.;

1 old Cuberd & Red cloth, 6s.;

1 pr. brase Andirons, 1 back, 1 pr. Tongs, 13s.;

1 looking glase, 6s.;

1 large white Quilt, 2li.;

1 ditto, 1li. 10s.;

1 ditto, 1li.;

1 pr. Shetts, 1li.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 18s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 5s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 2s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li.;

1 pr. ditto, 18s.;

1 pr. ditto, 12s.;

1 pr. ditto, 18s.;

1 pr. ditto, 18s.;

1 pr. ditto, 1li. 4s.;

1 pr. ditto, 16s.;

1/2 pr. ditto, 8s.;

1/2 pr. ditto, 18s.;

17 Napkins, 1 large table cloth & a Towell all of Damaske, 4li.;

9 diaper Napkins & 1 Table Cloth, 15s.;

1 doz. ditto & 1 Table Cloth, 1li. 2s.;

1 doz. ditto & 1 Table Cloth, 1li. 2s.;

1 doz. ditto & 1 Table Cloth, 18s.;

1 doz. diaper Napkins & a Table Cloth, 17s.;

1 Table Cloth, 8s.;

2 pillowbers at 2s. 6d. [per], 5s.;

1 Table Cloth, 5s.;

1 diaper Table Cloth, 8s.;

1 ditto, 8s.;

1 Cuberd Cloth, 5s.;

1 ditto, 3s.;

1 Calico Counter pain, 8s.;

18 pilobers & Napkins, 15s.;

4 towells & a Cuberd Cloth, 10s.;

1 Child's Bed, 1s.;

1 Red Cushion, 1s.

IN THE TWO CLOSETS ADJOYNING.

10 doz. Erth. ware, 15 large, 33 Small tins pans for Suger Cakes, 16 qt. botles, 3 Erthen pots, 3 long mum Glases, 2li. 10s.

IN THE GLASE CHAMBER.

1 bed sted & apurtenances, 1li.;

1 fether bed, bolster & 2 pillows, 4li. 10s.;

1 pr. Curtains & Valients, 2li. 10s.;

1 Red Ruge, 8s.;

1 large white blanket, 8s.;

1 Stript blanket, 3s.;

1 Silke blanket, 12s.;

1 large Striped blanket, 8s.;

1 Smll. blanket, 4s.;

1 pr. shettes, 14s.;

2 pillowbers, 2s.;

6 parogon Chaires at 10s. [per], 3li.;

2 longe Stooles, at 10s., [per], 1li.;

2 Stands at 4s., 8s.;

1 Table, 1 linsy carpet, 10s.;

1 Calico Carpet, 3s.;

1 looking Glase, 7s.;

1 pomader basket, 10s.;

1 Ouall fine wicker basket, 3s.;

1 painted Couberd Cloth, 3s.;

1 Glase frame for Glase worke, 1li.;

3 Curtain rods & window Curtains, 10s.;

1 pr. Andirons wth. brases, 12s.;

1 pr. brasse fire pan & Tongs, 8s.

IN THE CORNER CHAMBER.

1 bedsted, 10s.;

2 Ruges, 1li. 12s.;

1 pr. Curtains & Valients & Rods, 2li.;

1 Grene Counter paine, 5s.;

1 pr. Sheets, 12s.;

1 bolster & pillow, 1li.;

1 wainscot Chist, 10s.;

1 Table & 1 Grene Carpet, 12s.;

8 yd. bengall at 9d., 6s.;

7 yd. doulas at 20d., 11s. 8d.;

4 yd. 1/2 Stript linon at 16d., 6s.;

1 yd. 1/2 Serge at 3s., 4s. 6d.;

7 yd. Narr. brene at 15d., 8s. 9d.;

1 yd. 3/8 Grene Say at 3s. 6d., 4s. 9-3/4d.;

8 pcs. Tape at 9d., 6s.;

3 yd. Lockrom at 12d., 2s.;

1 yd. 3/4 ticking at 20d., 2s. 11d.;

a Remnant of holland, 1s.;

19 yd. high brene at 2s., 1li. 18s.;

1 yd. Red Cotten, 1s. 9d.;

3 yd. course holland at 18d., 4s. 6d.;

3 yd. 1/2 narr Cloth at 8d., 2s. 4d.;

7/8 yd. Linon at 18d., 1s. 3-3/4d.;

2 yd. 3/4 fustian at 12d., 2s. 9d.;

a Remt. fine Canvis, 7d.;

1 yd. 1/2 Linon at 18d. [per], 2s. 3d.;

1 yd. wte. Calico, 1s.;

1 yd. 1/2 linon at 18d., 2s. 3d.;

1 yd. 1/2 Slesy at 12d., 1s. 6d.;

1 yd. colerd Fustian, 1s.;

1 pr. Red. weo. stockings, 1s. 6d.;

2 old Chaires at 2s., 4s.;

1 bundle of Remnants, 1s.

IN THE COUNTEING HOUSE & ENTERY.

1 dozn. pins, 9s.;

1 dozn. ditto, 10s.;

2 li. Colerd thread at 2s. 8d., 5s. 4d.;

3 li. 1/2 wormesed at 4s. 6d. [per], 15s. 9d.;

1/4 Grose Girt web at 22s. [per] Grose, 5s. 6d.;

12 books Carell upon Jobe, 1 Grt. bible & 1 Psalme Booke, 3li.;

1 booke Markham's Gramer, 2s.;

3 pls. Turtle Shell, 1s. 6d.;

1 Snafle bitt, 1 pr. Spures, 1s.;

2 pr. Stirop Irons, 2s.;

1 Inkhorne, 6d.;

1 Caine, 3s.;

1 Turned Stick, 2s., 5s.;

1 Rapier Tipt wth. Silver, 15s., 1 ditto, 5s. 1li.;

4 musketts, 2li.;

1 pr. pistolls & holsters, 1 plush Sadle layed wth. Silver lace & Sadle Cloth, 5li.;

1 Caduco box, 2s.;

1 buff belt wth. Silver buckles, 1li.;

2 old bells, 2s.

IN THE HALL CHAMBER.

1 bed Sted, 5s.;

1 pr. Red Curtaines & Valients, 2li. 10s.;

2 Ruges, 16s.;

1 pr. Shetts, 10s., 1 pillow, 5s., 15s.;

1 flock bed & 1 fether bolster, 16s.;

2 Ruges, 12s.;

1 Trundle bedsted & Curtaine rods, 7s.;

4 Trunks, 1li.;

1 Chist drawers & 1 Carpet, 10s.;

1 Table & 1 Carpet, 8s.;

1 looking Glase, 5s.;

1 Curtain Rod & window Curtaine, 3s.;

2 pr. white Calico Curtaines, Valients, tester Clothes & 6 Covers for Chaires, 2li. 5s.;

14 old Napkins at 9d., 10s. 6d.;

19 new diaper small ditto at 9d. 14s. 3d.;

2 Calico Side bord Clothes, 6s.;

3 Calico ditto, 6s.;

12 towells at 6d., 6s.;

more 35 diaper & other Napkins at 9d., 1li. 6s. 3d.;

7 Table Clothes at 5s., 1li. 15s.;

8 ditto at 2s. 6d., 1li.;

15 ditto, 18s.

WAREING CLOTHES.

1 Tropeing Scarfe & hat band, 1li. 10s.;

1 Cloake, 2li.;

1 Cloth Coat wth. Silver lace, 2li.;

1 Camlet Coate, 15s.;

1 old bla. farendin Sute, 1li.;

1 black Cloake, 2li.;

1 velvet Coate, 2li. 10s.;

1 old Tabey dublet, 5s.;

1 old fashioned duch Sattin dublet, 15s.;

1 black Grogrin Cloake, 1li. 10s.;

3 Quilts, 3s.;

1 hatt, 15s.;

1 pr. Golden Topt. Gloues, 10s.;

1 pr. Imbroidred ditto, 8s.;

1 pr. bl. fringed Gloues, 3s.;

1 pr. bl. & Gold fringed ditto, 3s.;

1 pr. new Gloves, 2s.;

2 pr. Gloves, 2s.;

3 pr. old Silke Stockings, 8s.;

2 belts and 1 Girdle, 2li.;

1 Sattin Imbroadred wascot wth. Gold, &c., 3li.;

1 yd. 3/4 persian Silke at 5s. 6d., 9s. 7-1/2d.

IN THE COUNTING HOUSE & ENTRY MORE.

1 Table, 5s.;

1 Carpet, 10s.;

1 Chaire, 4s.;

1 desk & Cuberd, 5s.;

1 pr. bandelers, 3s.;

seling wax, 3s.;

1 Cushian, 6d.;

3 flasketts & 2 basketts, 5s.;

1 Iron bound Chist, 5s.

IN THE HALL.

1 Lookeing Glase, 7s.;

3 tables, 1li. 2s.;

1 Turky worke Carpet, 1li. 5s.;

8 leather Chaires at 5s., 2li.;

5 Stra bottomed Chaires, 5s.;

1 old wicker Chaire, 2s.;

1 Napkin presse, 1li. 10s.;

1 Glase Case, 6s.;

1 Clocke, 2li.;

1 Scritore or Spice box, 6s.;

1 Screne wth. 5 leaves & Covering, 15s.;

1 old Smll. Turky worke Carpet, 3s.;

1 Armed Chaire, 2s.;

1 Stand, 1s. 6d.;

1 Great Candlestick, 1li.;

1 pr. Grt. Dogs & 1 Iron Back, 2li. 5s.;

5 Cushians at 4s. pr, 1li.;

1 window Curtaine & rod, 6s.;

1 pr. Tongs, Shoule fire & Smll. Tongs & Toster, 7s.;

Glases in the Glase case, 5s.

IN THE MAIDES CHAMBER.

1 bed & bolster, 3li.;

1 bedsted, 2s.;

1 new Bed & Case, 5li.;

1 Cushian & 2 Stoole Covers, 3s.;

1 pillion & Cloth, 1li.;

1 pr. old Shetts, 4s.;

3 pr. Shetts at 16s. 2li. 8s.;

1 pr. new Shetts, 1li. 2s.;

5 Shetts at 8s., 2li.;

3 Shetts at 4s., 12s.;

1 Table Cloth, 3s.;

1 old Sheet, 2s.;

1 wainscot chist, 5s.;

2 Cotten Ironning Clothes, 3s.;

1 Calico Cuberd Cloth, 1s. 6d.;

Starch & a bage, 2s.;

2 boxes, 2s.;

1 Rat eaten Carpet, 5s.;

1 old Bed Tick, 7s.;

1 pr. old Stript Curtaines & Carpets, 8s.;

1 Chist, 4s.;

1 Smll. brase Ketle tined, 6s.;

1 lanthorne, 5s.;

1 Calender & 1 plate, 2s.;

1 Wooden Voider, 1s. 6d.;

1 bird Cage, 2s.

IN THE GARRETTS.

12 Reame 1/2 paper at 4s., 2li. 10s.;

1 bolt Noyles, qt. 89 @ 1/4 is 130 yd. 3/4 at 16d. [per], 8li. 14s. 4d.;

1 Sadle, bridle & brest plate, 1li. 5s.;

2 pc. pole daine & a Remnt, qt. 80 yds., 4li.;

150li. Fr. lines at 10d. [per], 6li. 5s.;

1 pr. large brase Andirons, 1li.;

1 Candlebox, &c., 2s.;

1 pillion & cloth, 5s.;

1 old port mantle, 1s.;

2 Childr. blankets, 10s.;

1 Carpet, 8s.;

1 wainscot chist, 5s.;

1 pin Chest, 2s. 6d., 7s. 6d.;

gloves & Some Lumber, 5s.;

2 old Ruge, 3s.;

1 hamaker, 5s., 8s.;

1 Auger weges, & chisles, 5s.;

5 Shetts at 5s., 1li. 5s.;

1 fine Shett, 7s.;

19 napkins & towells, 12s.;

about 100li. hogs & beffe Suet at 2d., 16s. 8d.;

meale Troues, &c., 6s.;

old Bed steds, 10s.;

old cask, 5s.

IN THE ENTRY BELOW.

1 Round table & 1 Gren Carpet, 15s.;

2 Great Chaires & 4 high Chaires, 15s.;

1 Cuberd & cuberd Cloth, 8s.

IN THE CLOSET.

Erthen ware & a Glase botle, 5s.;

a parcell of honey, 5s.

IN THE PEUTER ROME.

4 boles, 1 Tray & Erth. Ware. 10s.;

1 limeback & 1 Iron pott, 2li.;

a percell of old Iron, 5s.;

1 large defective driping pan, 2s. 6d.;

4 trayes, 1 platter, 2s., Erthen ware, 18d., 3s. 6d.;

1 leather Jack.

IN THE KITCHIN.

7 Spitts, 1li. 5s.;

2 Racks, 1li.;

1 Jack & waite, 12s.;

2 Iron potts & 2 pr. pot hooks, 1li.;

4 tramells & 1 Iron barr, 15s.;

1 pr. Iron doges, 10s.;

2 fenders, 4s.;

1 pr. la. Tonges, 4s.;

1 Iron driping pan, 3s.;

1 Iron back, 1li.;

1 Iron Ketle, 6s.;

4 box Irons, 8s.;

5 old Iron potts, 1li. 4s.;

1 pr. Fetters, 3s.;

2 Fring pans, 5s.;

3 Grid Irons, 1 pr. pot hookes & treuet, 7s.;

1 Slut or larance, 1s.;

1 Cleuer & a shreding knife, 4s.;

a hooke & Iron Squers, 2s.;

1 Chafeing Dish, 1s. 6d.;

1 pr. bellows, 1s. 6d.;

1 warmeing pan, 2s.;

38 pls. Tin Ware, 1s. 4d.;

2 Iron Candlesticks & a toster, 5s.;

2 tables, 5s. 4 old Chaires, 6d., 7s.;

Erthen ware, 6s.;

453li. peuter of all Sorts at 12d., 22li. 13s.;

24li. brase in Small ware at 20d., 2li.;

1 Coper Ketle, qt. 30li. at 2s., 3li.;

2 brase Ketles, qt. 57li. at 12d., 2li. 17s.;

1 brase Stew pan, 6s.;

3 bell mettle Skilets, qt. 25l., 1li. 5s.;

1 payle, 1 bole & other wood. lumber, 5s.; 2 Cases & 7 knives, 12s.;

1 Slick Stone, 1s. 6d.

IN THE WASH HOUSE.

1 Peuter Still, 10s.;

1 Coper, 4li.;

tubes, a Table & lumber, 5s.;

1 pr. Andirons & Iron rake, &c., 5s.

IN THE STABLE.

1 horse, 4li.;

1 Cow, 3li., wth. the hay, 7li.;

2 forks, 1 Tray, 2 Grain payles, 6s.;

1 axe, 3s.;

1 Cow at 1s. Williams, 2li. 10s.

IN THE SELLER UNDER THE HOUSE.

Old Caske, 1li.;

24 qt. Jugs, 4s.;

24 Glase botles, 5s. 6d.;

4 Jares, 4s.;

1 Erth. pot, 1s.;

44li. Castle Sope at 6d., 1li. 2s.

IN THE CLOSET OF KITCHIN CHAMBER.

43 pls. Erthen ware at 2s. [per] doz., 7s., 2d.;

19 Glase cups & Smll. botles, 2s.;

1 pr. Shouse, 4s.;

5 qt. botles, 15d.;

1 Stone Juge, 2s., 3s. 3d.;

3 woden boxes, 1s.;

1 Tin Candlestick, 1s.;

1 Cap for a Clock of belmetle, 2s.

IN THE KITCHIN CHAMBER.

1 large Scritore, 5li.;

1 bedsted & Teaster, 1li.;

1 fether bed & bolster cased & 2 pillows, 6li. 10s.;

1 pr. Sad Colerd Curtaines & valients & counter paine & rods, 3li.;

1 worsted Stript Ruge, 3li.;

2 pillobers, 2s.;

1 pr. blanketts, 1li.;

1 pr. Shetts, 1li.;

1 bedsted & Teaster & head peice, 1li.;

1 fether bed & bolster cased & 2 pillows, 4li.;

1 pr. Red Serge Curtains valients & Rods, 3li. 10s.;

1 Quilt of Calico Colerd & flowred, 1li. 10s.;

1 Red Ruge, 10s.;

3 blanketts, 1li.;

1 Pallet bedsted, Teaster & hed peice, 1li.;

1 fether bed & bolster, 1 pillow, 3li. 10s;

2 Curtaines & Smll. Valients, 15s.;

2 Coverleds, 1li. 12s.;

1 pr. blanketts, 1li.;

1 Shett, 5s.;

1 Stoole, 1s.;

7 Chaires Sad Colerd & 1 Grt. Chaire, 4s., 1li. 12s.;

1 Table wth. a drawer, 8s.;

2 Stands, 4s.;

1 Close Stoole, 6s.;

8 window Curtains & 4 Rods, 16s.;

1 looking Glases & brases, 1li. 5s.;

1 Chist Drawers, 25s. & Cloth, 4s., 1li. 9s.;

2 pr. bla., 1 pr. Speckled Stockings, 12s.;

4 pr. old Stockings, 4s.;

1 pr. andirons wth. brases, 10s.;

1 pr. tongs & fire pan, 4s.;

1 back, 12s.;

1 Round fender, 5s.;

1 pr. bellows, 1s. 6d.;

1 Japan Trunke. 8d.;

5 neckclothes at 9d., 3s.;

4 night caps at 15d., 5s.;

17 bands at 6d., 8s. 6d.;

2 pocket hanchesters, 1s.;

1 pr. Gloves, 1s.;

3 fustian wescoats, 6s.;

3 pr. dito drawers, 8s.;

4 pr. holland drawers at 2s. 6d., 10s.;

6 Shirts, 1li. 12s.

GOODS THAT CAME FROM ENGLAND FROM MR. JOHN IUES.

Pr. Capt. Gener. 6 pls. peniston amo. to wth. charges, 18li. 17s. 7d., wth. advance, 50li. [per] Ct., 28li. 6s. 4d.

Pr. Capt. Edwards. 20 pls. blue linon & a percell of Spice amounting to wth. Charges, 48li. 17s. 6d., wth. adva. at 50li. [per] Ct., 73li. 6s. 3d.

IN THE CLOSET IN KITCHIN CHAMBER.

18 Glass botles, 4s., 6d.;

10 pls. Erthen ware, 2s. 6d.;

2 haire bromes, 2s. 6d.;

1 knife tipt wth. Silver, 1s. 3d.;

1 woden Screne, 3s.;

3 yd. bla. broadcloth at 10s., 1li. 10s.;

35 Qn.[98] mercht. Fish at 9s., 15li. 15s.;

[98] Quintal.

1/2 Qn. pollock at 5s., 2s. 6d.;

22 barlls. Porke at 43s., 47li. 6s.;

2 laced bands, 19s.;

2 pich potts, 8s.;

1 warehouse at Winter Island, 6li.;

1 Great beame Scales & 1/2ct. waites, 1li. 10s.;

112li. lead & 98li. Spa Iron, 1li. 17s. 6d.;

137li. hide, damages at 2d., 1li. 2s. 10d.;

1780 fot Bords at 2s. 6d. [per] ct. 2li. 4s. 5d.;

1 heffer, 1 Stere & 1 Cow aprized by Edward & Jno. Richards, 5li. 5s.

The house & land yt was Jno. Gatchells wth. the apurtenances, 115li.;

the house & land yt was Jno. Gatchells now Wm. Furners, 60li.;

the dwelling house & land nere Micall Coas, 40li.;

2 oxe Yoakes wth. bowes, 4s.;

2 hows, 1 peak ax & forks, 5s.;

1 barr Iron, 5s.;

1 load hay, 20s., 1li. 5s.;

1 old house & land formerly Hudsons acording to Towne Grant, aprized by Jno. Lege & Ambrose Gayle, 3li.;

total, 219li. 14s.

At Boston: The warhouse & Ground, 200li.;

1056 ounces 1/2 pcs. of eight, 6s. 8d., 352li. 3s. 4d.;

2 Cloakes, 2li.;

an old Trunke, a hat & wax, &c., 6s. 8d.;

aprized by Eliak. Hucheson & Jer. Dumer, 554li. 10s.;

3 pipes Madara Wine at 11li., not being filled up, 33li.;

in mony of Petter Millers freight, 2li. 16s.

Brought home in Katch Jno. & William: 130 bushells Indian corne, at 18d., 9li. 15s.;

33 bushells Rey at 3s., 4li. 19s.;

25 bushells 1/2 wheate at 4s., 5li. 2s.;

1 barll. Porke, 2li.;

3 barells Beffe at 25s., 3li. 15s.;

1 plaine Ruge, 10s.;

15 hower Glases, bad, 5s.;

4 pr. Stirop Irons & lethers, 7s.;

3 locks at 25d., 6s. 4-1/2d.;

6 ditto at 11d.1/4, 5s. 1-1/2d.;

4 ditto at 8d.1/4, 2s. 9d.;

6 hand sawes at 18d., 9s.;

11 trunk locks at 10d., 9s. 2d.;

6 box outsid locks, 6d., 3s.;

4 Cuberd locks at 6d., 2s.;

1 doz. combs at 2s., 2s.;

1 doz. ditto at 3s., 3s.;

1 doz. ditto at 3s. 6d., 3s. 6d.;

3 pr. parogon bodys at 8s., 1li. 4s.;

2 doz. Reap hooks at 9s., 18s.;

12 duble Girts, 9s.;

1 pr. Shetts at 16s., 16s.;

1 pr. Shetts at 10s., 10s.;

1 pr. ditto at 36s. 2 bredths 1/2, 1li. 16s.;

1 pr. ditto at 30s., 3 bredths, 1li. 10s.;

1 pr. ditto at 30s., 3 bredths, 1li. 10s.;

The land whereon the house comonly called Capt. Jno. Corwins stands, 35li.

The Katch John & William wth. her apurtenances, 80li.;

1 old Mainsayle of Katch Penelopy, 1li. 10s.

This Inventory amounting to five thousand nine hundred Sixty foure pounds nineten shillgs. & one peny 3/4d. aprized as mony by us.

Barthl. Gedney Benja. Browne John Higginson, Junr. Timo. Lindall.

--_Essex County Quarterly Court Files_, Vol. XLIV, leaf 95.

INDEX

Adultery, 211.

Allen, Capt. Bozone, 244.

Allen, William, 88.

Ames, Ruth, 203.

Amusements, 103.

Andover, 28.

Andrews, Thomas, 136.

Animals (domestic), 5, 7, 8, 33, 37, 38, 42, 91.

Animals (wild), 14, 91.

Annable, John, 141.

Anvils, 121.

Apothecary, 121.

Appleton, John, 33.

Apthorpe, Stephen, 126.

Assayer, 122.

Augusta, Me., 22.

Bacon, Rebecca, wid., 43, 87.

Bacon, William, 56.

Baden, Robert, 122.

Badger, Giles, 43, 86.

Bailey, Jacob, 117-119, 160-163.

Baker, 122.

Balance maker, 136.

Barber's union, 122.

Barnard, John, 50.

Barnard, Jonathan, 51.

Barter, 166, 172.

Bateman, John, 232.

Bean porridge, 98.

Bear baiting, 114.

Bed coverings, 53-59.

Belcher, Andrew, 146.

Bellamy, Samuel, 221.

Bellows maker, 123.

Bells, 123, 124.

Bible mandates, 102.

Billiard tables, 115.

Bissell, Samuel, 121.

Blacksmith, 124.

Block houses, 14, 15.

Block maker, 129.

Blowers, John, 134.

Blowers, Pyam, 51.

Bonner, Capt. John, 68.

Bookkeeper, 125.

Books, 1, 10, 15, 16, 35, 36, 103, 278.

Boone, Nicholas, 131.

Boston, 16, 18, 25.

Boston merchants, 149, 150.

Bottles, 130.

Bourne, John, 141.

Bowling green, 115.

Boxford, 203.

Boydell, John, 48, 50, 124.

Boyer, James, 132.

Bradford, William, 114.

Bradish, Jonathan, 130.

Brabrooke, Mehitable, 38.

Bradstreet, Gov. Simon, 149.

Brazier, 125, 126.

Brick oven, 41, 93.

Bricks, 20.

Bridgen, Michael, 139.

Brooks, Thomas, 49.

Brown, John, 114.

Browne, Edward, 126.

Browne, Walter, 134.

Bryant, William, 124.

Buckram, 126.

Building agreements, 227-238.

Buildings, construction, etc., 13-27.

Bullivant, Dr. Benjamin, 176.

Burlington, N. J., 13, 14.

Burning at the stake, 210.

Busgutt, Peter, 88.

Butcher, 126.

Cabinet maker, 126.

Calico printer, 127.

Calvin, John, 101.

Calvin's theology, 102.

Camera obscura, 130.

Candles, 96, 97, 127.

Cannon, 132.

Cardmaker, 127.

Cards, playing, 111.

Carpets, 23, 48, 50, 51, 55.

Carthrick, Michael, 86.

Cartright, Bethia, 55, 84.

Casement sash, 20, 268.

Caxy, John, 89.

Chandler, 127.

Chapman, 127.

Charlestown, 16, 18.

Chase, Aquila, 207.

Childs, John, 117.

Chimneys, 19, 20, 91.

Choate, Rufus, 24.

Chocolate mill, 127.

Christmas, 111, 114.

Chute, Lionel, 43, 45, 85.

Cider, 95, 96, 108.

Clap, Roger, 16, 106.

Clapboards, 14.

Clark, William, 25.

Clarke, Dr. John, 176.

Clarke, Richard, 132.

Clarke, William, 54, 56, 86.

Clemens, James, 127.

Clocks, 99.

Cloth, 5, 6, 24, 25, 36, 45, 48, 50-52, 57, 63, 69-83, 94, 95, 126, 127, 133, 134, 139, 141, 152, 153, 240, 242, 244, 246-257, 258, 263, 265, 270.

Clothing, 2, 5, 6, 35, 57, 59-83, 130-132, 151, 152, 241, 243, 246-257, 262, 265, 268, 270, 279.

Clough, Joseph, 123.

Coffin, William, 125.

Coffin furniture, 127.

Concord, 17.

Cooking, 8.

Cookson, John, 136.

Cookson, Robert, 135.

Cooper, 128.

Corn husking, 117-119.

Corn, Indian, 104.

Corwin, George, 42, 45, 55, 64, 270.

Costume, _see_ Clothing.

Counterpanes, 53-59.

Courts in Massachusetts, 200, 222.

Coverlets, 53-59.

Crimes, 39, 88, 107.

Crimes and punishments, 199-226.

Culpepper, Nicholas, 190.

Cummings, David, 96.

Cummings, Mrs. Joanna, 55.

Currants, 117.

Currier, 128.

Custom house records, 154-157.

Dakin, Jonathan, 136, 140.

Daly, Charles, 66.

Dancing, 111, 115.

Dankers, Jasper, 13-15, 46.

Davis, John, 66, 127.

Davison, William, 66.

Dedham, 18.

Dillingham, John, 32.

Dillingham, Sara, 35.

Dillingham, Sarah, 32-35, 85.

Diseases, 5, 7, 11, 105, 174-198.

Doctors, 174-191.

Dorchester, 19.

Douglas, Dr. William, 175.

Downing, Emanuel, 143.

Downs, Thomas, 33.

Dowse, Francis, 140.

Drinks, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 30, 95, 96, 108, 118, 119, 151, 155, 208, 246-257.

Draper, Richard, 129.

Drugs, 248.

Drunkenness, 107.

Duck, Stephen, 138.

Dudley, Thomas, 19, 105.

Dug-outs, 17, 18.

Dunster, Henry, 36.

Dye, 94.

Dyer, 128.

Dyer, John H., 128.

Earthenware, 129, 139.

Edwards, Thomas, 88.

Embroidery, 62, 70.

Endecott, Gov. John, 5, 18, 56.

Endecott, Dr. Zerobabel, 178-190.

Erving, Henry W., 30.

Essex, 24.

Evenden, Walter, 139.

Executions, 202, 210, 218, 220-224.

Fabrics, _see_ Cloth.

Fairbanks house, 18.

Fairfield, John, 86.

Faneuil, A., 68.

Farming, 91.

Farrington, Edmond, 129.

Fellmonger, 129.

Fences, 100.

Fire engine, 129, 131.

Fireplace, 8, 24, 34, 38, 40, 91, 132, 141.

Fireworks, 116.

Firman, John, 16.

Fish, 145.

Fitch, ----, 16.

Flagg, Gershom, 129.

Flax, 95.

Fleming, Alexander, 128.

Flying man, 117.

Food, 1, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 28, 37, 41, 42, 91, 93, 98, 104, 106, 107, 151, 162, 165, 239, 242, 246-257.

Fort, 15.

Frankland, Sir Henry, 25.

Franklin, James, 138, 140.

Freeman, Philip, 69, 131.

Frocks, 64-66.

Fry, Richard, 138.

Fuller, Dr. Samuel, 174.

Furnishings, Household, 7, 11, 23, 24, 26, 28-52, 55-57, 84-90, 154, 163, 241, 242, 246-257, 261, 264, 277, 280.

Furniture, 26, 29, 31, 33-37, 43-46, 49-52, 56, 57, 126, 246-257, 261, 276, 279, 281.

Furs, 249, 257, 267.

Gaines, Daniel, 141.

Games, 110.

Gardiner, David, 112.

Gedney, ----, 88.

Gee, Lately, 122.

Germantown (Braintree), 130.

Gilbert, Rev. Thomas, 208.

Glass, 1, 14, 20-23, 129, 130, 249, 267, 269.

Glazier's diamonds, 129.

Glover, Rev. Jose, 36.

Glover, 131.

Gloves, 64, 68.

Goffe, John, 55.

Googe, William, 37, 38.

Gore, John, 23.

Goyt, John, 18.

Graves, Richard, 88.

Graves, Thomas, 84.

Gray, Francis, 127.

Gray, James, 127.

Gray, Robert, 49.

Green, Bartholomew, 16.

Greenleaf, Stephen, 136.

Gridley, Isaac, 25.

Griffin, Henry, 126.

Grocery wares, 250, 259.

Gun, 136.

Gunsmith, 131.

Hair, 63.

Halberts, 131.

Hall, Samuel, 126.

Hamilton, Dr. Alexander, 29.

Hancock, Thomas, 47, 134.

Harding, Thomas, 146.

Hardware, 25-27, 153, 244, 264, 272-274, 283.

Hardware catalogs, 27.

Harris, William, 149.

Hartford, 17, 30.

Harvard College, 115.

Hatch, Col. Estes, 47.

Hats, 67, 132, 250.

Hearth, Iron, 132.

Henchman, Daniel, 46.

Henderson, Joseph, 69.

Hendry, Robert, 124.

Herbs, 99.

Herb tea and the doctor, 174-198.

Hersome, Mary, 86.

Hewsen, John, 66.

Hickey, John, 133.

Higginson, Rev. Francis, 3-5, 11, 16, 60, 104.

Hill, Thomas, 141.

Hobart, Rev. Jeremiah, 209.

Hollingsworth, William, 49.

Holyoke, Rev. Edward, 108.

Horse racing, 112-114.

Houghton, Rowland, 122, 131, 140, 141.

Hour glasses, 132.

Houses, 20, 39, 228-237.

Howard, William, 55.

Hull, John, 152, 169-171.

Hunt, James, 65.

Hunt, Sarah, 141.

Ingram, John, 137.

Indians, 16, 22, 114, 204, 211.

Ipswich, 32, 35, 38.

Irish, 8.

Iron, 25, 26, 98, 121, 256, 259.

Iron forge, 140.

Iron foundry, 132.

Iron monger, 132.

Ivers, James, 115.

Jacks, roasting, 140.

Jackson, Edward, 125, 126.

Jackson, John, 140.

Jenkins, Robert, 69.

Jeweller, 132.

Johnson, Edward, 16, 17, 108.

Jones, Daniel, 132.

Jones, William, 141.

Joyner, 133.

Killcup, George, jr., 48.

King's chapel, Boston, 235.

Lambert, Richard, 133.

Landis, Henry, 64, 83.

Langdon, Edward, 127.

Laws in Massachusetts, 199-226.

Leather clothing, 60, 61, 67, 70.

Lewis, Alonzo, 17.

Lidgett, Col. Charles, 146.

Lime kiln, 134.

Lincoln, Countess of, 19.

Linen, 141, 251.

Linen printer, 133, 134.

Locksmith, 135.

Log houses, 13-15.

Lord, Rupert, 50.

Lowell, John, 86.

Luce, Capt., 66.

Lumpkin, Richard, 35.

Lyell, David, 138.

Lynn, 17, 37.

Mahogany, 135.

Malden, 227.

Mallenson, Joseph, 89.

Manufactures, 4, 14, 15, 25, 91, 94, 120-142, 145, 154-156, 246-257, 276.

Manners and customs, 28-30, 101-109.

Marblehead, 18, 25, 29, 220.

Marlborough, 231.

Marriage intentions, 100.

Marriot, Powers, 68.

Mascoll, John, 37.

Massachusetts Bay Company, 5, 20, 239.

Massey, Robert, 85.

Matches, 92.

Mathematical instruments, 136.

Mather, Rev. Cotton, 102, 146.

Maverick, John, 47.

Maxwell, James, 132.

_Mayflower_ (ship), 7, 15, 31, 44.

Medicine, 99, 101, 174-198.

Meetinghouse, 227, 235.

Metcalf, Joseph, 56.

Middleborough, 141.

Middleton, Alexander, 130.

Military, 2, 114.

Military equipment, 132, 135.

Millard, Thomas, 36.

Miller, Samuel, 131.

Ministry, The, 207.

Money, 166-173, 270.

Moody, Rev. Samuel, 103.

More, Capt. Richard, 44.

Morton, Thomas, 201.

Muff, 68.

Murder, 202.

Music, 136.

Musgrave, Philip, 113.

Mustard maker, 137.

Nailmaking, 137.

Navigation Acts, 146.

Needlemaker, 137.

Newbury, 107.

Newhall, Mrs. Thomas, 55.

Newport, R. I., 146.

Nichol, James, 141.

Nichols, William, 69.

Norton, Mary, 85.

Noyes, Rev. James, 56, 87.

Oakes, Edward, 125.

Oakes, Dr. Thomas, 176.

Oil, Lamp, 137.

Oliver, Mary, 214-217.

Ordeal of touch, 202-204.

Oven, Brick, 41, 93.

Paine, William, 258.

Paint, 22-25, 49, 130.

Palmer, Joseph, 127.

Paper mill, 137, 138.

Paper money, 172, 173.

Parker, John, 48.

Patchwork quilt, 53-59.

Paxton, Charles, 51.

Peddler, 127.

Perkins, Jacob, 38.

Perkins, Dr. John, 177.

Perkins, Rev. William, 208.

Perry, Michael, 46.

Pewter, 34, 36, 43, 84-90, 125, 138.

Phillips, John, 48, 221.

Phillips, Joseph, 124.

Pictures, 156.

Pig run, 113.

Pillion, 97.

Pim, John, 131.

Pine tree money, 167-171.

Piracy, 217-224.

Pirates, 145-148.

Plank houses, 15.

Plymouth, 13, 15.

Pope's night, 116.

Population, 101.

Portraits, 64, 80.

Potash, 138.

Potter, Luke, 141.

Pottery, 138, 139.

Powder maker, 139.

Prices of commodities, 239-245, 258-283.

Pride, John, 138.

Privateering, 145.

Pumpkins, 98, 106.

Pumps, 122, 131, 140, 141.

Punishments, 7, 39, 44, 88, 110, 133, 199-226.

Putnam, John, 89.

Quakers, 14.

Quelch, Capt. John, 145, 220.

Quilting party, 119.

Quilts, 53-59.

Raisings, 119.

Randolph, Edward, 148.

de Rasieres, Isaac, 15.

Ray, Caleb, 140.

Read, James, 129.

Richards, Capt. Stephen, 129.

Religious affairs, 101-104, 107.

Russell, John, 138.

Russell, Thomas, 126.

Robinson, John, 142.

Rogers, Rev. Ezekiel, 56.

Rogers, Rev. Nathaniel, 49.

Rowe, John, 47.

Salem, 1, 16, 19, 20, 22, 49.

Salt trade, 156.

Saltonstall, Richard, 33, 34, 201, 205.

Sanded floors, 44.

Savage, Arthur, 127, 129, 130.

Scales, 140.

Scarlet letter, 210, 214.

Schaw, Janet, 163-165.

School, Boarding, 124.

Sergeant, Peter, 24, 46.

Servants, 8.

Sewall, Hannah, 21.

Sewall, Samuel, 21, 28, 63, 114.

Sharp, ----, 19.

Shipbuilding, 143, 148, 154.

Ship owners, 157.

Shipping and trade, 143-165.

Ships, Passenger accommodations on, 7, 158-165.

Shirley, Gov. William, 116.

Shoemaker, 140.

Shoes, 64, 66, 69, 94, 243.

Short, Henry, 45.

Shuffle-board, 110.

Silver, 34, 36, 37, 43, 64, 87.

Skelton, Rev. Samuel, 239.

Skins, 253, 267.

Sluyter, Peter, 13-15.

Smibert, John, 49.

Smith, Francis, 127.

Smith, Samuel, 55.

Smith, Simon, 137.

Snow shoes, 68.

Soap, 97.

Soap boiler, 127.

Society in Massachusetts, 107.

Spinning, 94, 95.

Sports and Games, 110-119.

Starr, Daniel, 48.

Stephens, William, 144.

Stevens, Daniel, 68, 115.

Stockings, 64, 67, 70.

Stoves, 141.

Surriage, Agnes, 25.

Swan, Col. James, 47.

Symmes, Thomas, 139.

Symonds, Mrs. Rebecka, 61.

Tailor, 141.

Taverns, 110-112.

Thacher, Oxenbridge, 125.

Thacher, Rev. Peter, 141.

Thatch, 19, 38.

Thomas, Isaac, 46.

Tidmarsh, Giles Dulake, 52.

Tiles, Dutch, 129.

Tilley, George, 24.

Timber, 145.

Tinware, 127.

Tobacco, 63.

Tools, implements, etc., 1, 7, 10, 44, 98, 246-257, 260, 264, 266, 280.

Topsfield, 23, 207.

Towle, Ann, 33, 34.

Toys, 42.

Trade, 143-165.

Trades, 15, 20, 58, 91, 94, 107, 120-142.

Trenton, N. J., 14.

Turner, Robert, 66, 243.

Tymms, Brown, 125.

Underwood, James, 122.

Usher, John, 67.

Vegetables, 7.

Veren, Hilliard, 49.

Vessels, 2, 4-12, 143-165.

Vetch, ----, Col., 21.

Vincent, William, 139.

Wall paper, 46-49.

Wampum, 166.

Wash bench, 29, 30.

Water engine, 141.

Watertown, 16.

Weapons, 4, 37, 56.

Weaving, 94, 134, 151.

Webber, John, 139.

Webber, Thomas, 126.

Webster, John, 122.

Weld, Capt. Joseph, 242.

Well, 99.

Westford, Conn., 30.

Wharton, Edward, 262.

Wheelwright, 142.

Whipple, Matthew, 86.

White, Thomas, 49.

Whitear, John, 124.

Whitesmith, 124.

Whittingham, John, 56.

Wigglesworth, Rev. Michael, 103, 175.

Wigs, 68.

Wigwams, 16-18.

Windows, 14, 21, 22, 230, 232, 237.

Winslow, John, 132.

Winthrop, Gov. John, 9, 16, 18, 34, 106.

Winthrop, John, jr., 32.

Witchcraft, 211.

Woburn, 17.

Wood, Obadiah, 122.

Wood, 254.

Woodcocke, William, 121.

Woodenware, 84-87, 154.

Woodman, ----, 28.

Woolen cloths, 257.

Wright, James, 123.

York, Me., 103.

Young, Christopher, 86, 88.

* * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. Irregularities and inconsistencies in the text have been retained as printed.

Mismatched quotes are not fixed if it's not sufficiently clear where the missing quote should be placed.

The cover for the eBook version of this book was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.

Page 48: "Killcup is ready to pay those he in indebted to"--The transcriber has changed "in" to "is".

Page 186: "by being exernally applied"--"exernally" has been replaced with "externally".