CHAPTER XXIX

MEETING THE GERMAN EMPEROR

My first Rectorial Address to the students of St. Andrews University attracted the attention of the German Emperor, who sent word to me in New York by Herr Ballin that he had read every word of it. He also sent me by him a copy of his address upon his eldest son's consecration. Invitations to meet him followed; but it was not until June, 1907, that I could leave, owing to other engagements. Mrs. Carnegie and I went to Kiel. Mr. Tower, our American Ambassador to Germany, and Mrs. Tower met us there and were very kind in their attentions. Through them we met many of the distinguished public men during our three days' stay there.

The first morning, Mr. Tower took me to register on the Emperor's yacht. I had no expectation of seeing the Emperor, but he happened to come on deck, and seeing Mr. Tower he asked what had brought him on the yacht so early. Mr. Tower explained he had brought me over to register, and that Mr. Carnegie was on board. He asked:

"Why not present him now? I wish to see him."

I was talking to the admirals who were assembling for a conference, and did not see Mr. Tower and the Emperor approaching from behind. A touch on my shoulder and I turned around.

"Mr. Carnegie, the Emperor."

It was a moment before I realized that the Emperor was before me. I raised both hands, and exclaimed:

"This has happened just as I could have wished, with no ceremony, and the Man of Destiny dropped from the clouds."

Then I continued: "Your Majesty, I have traveled two nights to accept your generous invitation, and never did so before to meet a crowned head."

Then the Emperor, smiling--and such a captivating smile:

"Oh! yes, yes, I have read your books. You do not like kings."

"No, Your Majesty, I do not like kings, but I do like a man behind a king when I find him."

"Ah! there is one king you like, I know, a Scottish king, Robert the Bruce. He was my hero in my youth. I was brought up on him."

"Yes, Your Majesty, so was I, and he lies buried in Dunfermline Abbey, in my native town. When a boy, I used to walk often around the towering square monument on the Abbey--one word on each block in big stone letters 'King Robert the Bruce'--with all the fervor of a Catholic counting his beads. But Bruce was much more than a king, Your Majesty, he was the leader of his people. And not the first; Wallace the man of the people comes first. Your Majesty, I now own King Malcolm's tower in Dunfermline[79]--he from whom you derive your precious heritage of Scottish blood. Perhaps you know the fine old ballad, 'Sir Patrick Spens.'

[Footnote 79: In the deed of trust conveying Pittencrieff Park and Glen to Dunfermline an unspecified reservation of property was made. The "with certain exceptions" related to King Malcolm's Tower. For reasons best known to himself Mr. Carnegie retained the ownership of this relic of the past.]

"'The King sits in Dunfermline tower Drinking the bluid red wine.'

I should like to escort you some day to the tower of your Scottish ancestor, that you may do homage to his memory." He exclaimed:

"That would be very fine. The Scotch are much quicker and cleverer than the Germans. The Germans are too slow."

"Your Majesty, where anything Scotch is concerned, I must decline to accept you as an impartial judge."

He laughed and waved adieu, calling out:

"You are to dine with me this evening"--and excusing himself went to greet the arriving admirals.

About sixty were present at the dinner and we had a pleasant time, indeed. His Majesty, opposite whom I sat, was good enough to raise his glass and invite me to drink with him. After he had done so with Mr. Tower, our Ambassador, who sat at his right, he asked across the table--heard by those near--whether I had told Prince von Bülow, next whom I sat, that his (the Emperor's) hero, Bruce, rested in my native town of Dunfermline, and his ancestor's tower in Pittencrieff Glen, was in my possession.

"No," I replied; "with Your Majesty I am led into such frivolities, but my intercourse with your Lord High Chancellor, I assure you, will always be of a serious import."

We dined with Mrs. Goelet upon her yacht, one evening, and His Majesty being present, I told him President Roosevelt had said recently to me that he wished custom permitted him to leave the country so he could run over and see him (the Emperor). He thought a substantial talk would result in something good being accomplished. I believed that also. The Emperor agreed and said he wished greatly to see him and hoped he would some day come to Germany. I suggested that he (the Emperor) was free from constitutional barriers and could sail over and see the President.

"Ah, but my country needs me here! How can I leave?"

I replied:

"Before leaving home one year, when I went to our mills to bid the officials good-bye and expressed regret at leaving them all hard at work, sweltering in the hot sun, but that I found I had now every year to rest and yet no matter how tired I might be one half-hour on the bow of the steamer, cutting the Atlantic waves, gave me perfect relief, my clever manager, Captain Jones, retorted: 'And, oh, Lord! think of the relief we all get.' It might be the same with your people, Your Majesty."

He laughed heartily over and over again. It opened a new train of thought. He repeated his desire to meet President Roosevelt, and I said:

"Well, Your Majesty, when you two do get together, I think I shall have to be with you. You and he, I fear, might get into mischief."

He laughed and said:

"Oh, I see! You wish to drive us together. Well, I agree if you make Roosevelt first horse, I shall follow."

"Ah, no, Your Majesty, I know horse-flesh better than to attempt to drive two such gay colts tandem. You never get proper purchase on the first horse. I must yoke you both in the shafts, neck and neck, so I can hold you in."

I never met a man who enjoyed stories more keenly than the Emperor. He is fine company, and I believe an earnest man, anxious for the peace and progress of the world. Suffice it to say he insists that he is, and always has been, for peace. [1907.] He cherishes the fact that he has reigned for twenty-four years and has never shed human blood. He considers that the German navy is too small to affect the British and was never intended to be a rival. Nevertheless, it is in my opinion very unwise, because unnecessary, to enlarge it. Prince von Bülow holds these sentiments and I believe the peace of the world has little to fear from Germany. Her interests are all favorable to peace, industrial development being her aim; and in this desirable field she is certainly making great strides.

I sent the Emperor by his Ambassador, Baron von Sternberg, the book, "The Roosevelt Policy,"[80] to which I had written an introduction that pleased the President, and I rejoice in having received from him a fine bronze of himself with a valued letter. He is not only an Emperor, but something much higher--a man anxious to improve existing conditions, untiring in his efforts to promote temperance, prevent dueling, and, I believe, to secure International Peace.

[Footnote 80: _The Roosevelt Policy: Speeches, Letters and State Papers relating to Corporate Wealth and closely Allied Topics._ New York, 1908.]

I have for some time been haunted with the feeling that the Emperor was indeed a Man of Destiny. My interviews with him have strengthened that feeling. I have great hopes of him in the future doing something really great and good. He may yet have a part to play that will give him a place among the immortals. He has ruled Germany in peace for twenty-seven years, but something beyond even this record is due from one who has the power to establish peace among civilized nations through positive action. Maintaining peace in his own land is not sufficient from one whose invitation to other leading civilized nations to combine and establish arbitration of all international disputes would be gladly responded to. Whether he is to pass into history as only the preserver of internal peace at home or is to rise to his appointed mission as the Apostle of Peace among leading civilized nations, the future has still to reveal.

The year before last (1912) I stood before him in the grand palace in Berlin and presented the American address of congratulation upon his peaceful reign of twenty-five years, his hand unstained by human blood. As I approached to hand to him the casket containing the address, he recognized me and with outstretched arms, exclaimed:

"Carnegie, twenty-five years of peace, and we hope for many more."

I could not help responding:

"And in this noblest of all missions you are our chief ally."

He had hitherto sat silent and motionless, taking the successive addresses from one officer and handing them to another to be placed upon the table. The chief subject under discussion had been World Peace, which he could have, and in my opinion, would have secured, had he not been surrounded by the military caste which inevitably gathers about one born to the throne--a caste which usually becomes as permanent as the potentate himself, and which has so far in Germany proved its power of control whenever the war issue has been presented. Until militarism is subordinated, there can be no World Peace.

* * * * *

As I read this to-day [1914], what a change! The world convulsed by war as never before! Men slaying each other like wild beasts! I dare not relinquish all hope. In recent days I see another ruler coming forward upon the world stage, who may prove himself the immortal one. The man who vindicated his country's honor in the Panama Canal toll dispute is now President. He has the indomitable will of genius, and true hope which we are told,

"Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings."

Nothing is impossible to genius! Watch President Wilson! He has Scotch blood in his veins.

[Here the manuscript ends abruptly.]

[Illustration: ANDREW CARNEGIE AT SKIBO

(1914)]

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND INDEX

BIBLIOGRAPHY

MR. CARNEGIE's chief publications are as follows:

_An American Four-in-Hand in Britain._ New York, 1884.

_Round the World._ New York, 1884.

_Triumphant Democracy, or Fifty Years' March of the Republic._ New York, 1886.

_The Gospel of Wealth and Other Timely Essays._ New York, 1900.

_The Empire of Business._ New York, 1903.

_James Watt._ New York, 1905.

_Problems of To-day. Wealth--Labor--Socialism._ New York, 1908.

He was a contributor to English and American magazines and newspapers, and many of the articles as well as many of his speeches have been published in pamphlet form. Among the latter are the addresses on Edwin M. Stanton, Ezra Cornell, William Chambers, his pleas for international peace, his numerous dedicatory and founders day addresses. A fuller list of these publications is given in Margaret Barclay Wilson's _A Carnegie Anthology_, privately printed in New York, 1915.

A great many articles have been written about Mr. Carnegie, but the chief sources of information are:

ALDERSON (BERNARD). _Andrew Carnegie. The Man and His Work._ New York, 1905.

BERGLUND (ABRAHAM). _The United States Steel Corporation._ New York, 1907.

CARNEGIE (ANDREW). _How I served My Apprenticeship as a Business Man._ Reprint from _Youth's Companion_. April 23, 1896.

COTTER (ARUNDEL). _Authentic History of the United States Steel Corporation._ New York, 1916.

HUBBARD (ELBERT). _Andrew Carnegie_. New York, 1909. (Amusing, but inaccurate.)

MACKIE (J.B.). _Andrew Carnegie. His Dunfermline Ties and Benefactions._ Dunfermline, n.d.

_Manual of the Public Benefactions of Andrew Carnegie._ Published by the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Washington, 1919.

_Memorial Addresses on the Life and Work of Andrew Carnegie._ New York, 1920.

_Memorial Service in Honor of Andrew Carnegie on his Birthday, Tuesday, November 25, 1919._ Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

_Pittencrieff Glen: Its Antiquities, History and Legends._ Dunfermline, 1903.

POYNTON (JOHN A.). _A Millionaire's Mail Bag._ New York, 1915. (Mr. Poynton was Mr. Carnegie's secretary.)

PRITCHETT (HENRY S.). _Andrew Carnegie._ Anniversary Address before Carnegie Institute, November 24, 1915.

SCHWAB (CHARLES M.). _Andrew Carnegie. His Methods with His Men._ Address at Memorial Service, Carnegie Music Hall, Pittsburgh, November 25, 1919.

WILSON (MARGARET BARCLAY). _A Carnegie Anthology._ Privately printed. New York, 1915.

INDEX

Abbey, Edwin A., 298.

Abbott, Rev. Lyman, 285.

Abbott, William L., becomes partner of Mr. Carnegie, 201.

Accounting system, importance of, 135, 136, 204.

Acton, Lord, library bought by Mr. Carnegie, 325.

Adams, Edwin, tragedian, 49.

Adams Express Company, investment in, 79.

Addison, Leila, friend and critic of young Carnegie, 97.

Aitken, Aunt, 8, 22, 30, 50, 51, 77, 78.

Alderson, Barnard, _Andrew Carnegie_, quoted, 282 _n._

Allegheny City, the Carnegies in, 30, 31, 34; public library and hall, 259.

Allegheny Valley Railway, bonds marketed by Mr. Carnegie, 167-71.

Allison, Senator W.B., 124, 125.

Altoona, beginnings of, 66.

_American Four-in-Hand in Britain, An_, Mr. Carnegie's first book, 6; quoted, 27, 318 _n._; published, 212, 322.

Anderson, Col. James, and his library, 45-47.

Arnold, Edwin, gives Mr. Carnegie the MS. of _The Light of Asia_, 207.

Arnold, Matthew, quoted, 206, 207, 302; visits Mr. Carnegie, 216, 299, 301; a charming man, 298; seriously religious, 299; as a lecturer, 299, 300; and Henry Ward Beecher, 300; on Shakespeare, 302; and Josh Billings, 303-05; in Chicago, 305, 306; memorial to, 308.

Baldwin, William H., 277.

Balfour, Prime Minister, 269-71; as a philosopher, 323, 324.

Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, and Trust for the Universities of Scotland, 269, 270, 272.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Mr. Carnegie's relations with, 125-29.

Baring Brother, dealings with, 168, 169.

Barryman, Robert, an ideal Tom Bowling, 28, 29.

Bates, David Homer, quoted, 45, 46, 100.

Beecher, Henry Ward, and Matthew Arnold, 300; and Robert G. Ingersoll, 300, 301; on Herbert Spencer, 336, 337.

Behring Sea question, 350, 353-55.

Bessemer steel process, revolutionized steel manufacture, 184, 185, 229.

Billings, Dr. J.S., of the New York Public Libraries, 259; director of the Carnegie Institution, 260.

Billings, Josh, 295; and Matthew Arnold, 303-05; anecdotes, 304, 305.

Bismarck, Prince, disturbs the financial world, 169.

Black, William, 298.

Blaine, James G., visits Mr. Carnegie, 216; and Mr. Gladstone, 320, 321, 328; a good story-teller, 341-43, 357; his Yorktown address, 341; at Cluny Castle, 344; misses the Presidency, 345; as Secretary of State, 345, 352-56; at the Pan-American Congress, 346.

Bliss, Cornelius N., 363.

Borntraeger, William, 136; put in charge of the Union Iron Mills, 198; anecdotes of, 199-201.

Botta, Professor and Madame, 150.

Braddock's Coöperative Society, 250.

Bridge-building, of iron, 115-29; at Steubenville, 116, 117; at Keokuk, Iowa, 154; at St. Louis, 155.

Bright, John, 11; and George Peabody, 282.

British Iron and Steel Institute, 178, 180.

Brooks, David, manager of the Pittsburgh telegraph office, 36-38, 57-59.

Brown University, John Hay Library at, 275.

Bruce, King Robert, 18, 367.

Bryan, William J., and the treaty with Spain, 364.

Bull Run, battle of, 100.

Bülow, Prince von, 368, 370.

Burns, Robert, quoted, 3, 13, 33, 307, 313; Dean Stanley on, 271; rules of conduct, 271, 272.

Burroughs, John, and Ernest Thompson Seton, 293.

Butler, Gen. B.F., 99.

Cable, George W., 295.

Calvinism, revolt from, 22, 23, 74, 75.

Cambria Iron Company, 186.

Cameron, Simon, in Lincoln's Cabinet, 102, 103; a man of sentiment, 104; anecdote of, 104, 105.

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, 313; and Trust for the Universities of Scotland, 269, 271; Prime Minister, 312, 313.

Carnegie, Andrew, grandfather of A.C., 2, 3.

Carnegie, Andrew, birth, 2; ancestry, 2-6; fortunate in his birthplace, 6-8; childhood in Dunfermline, 7-18; a violent young republican, 10-12; goes to school, 13-15, 21; early usefulness to his parents, 14; learns history from his Uncle Lauder, 15, 16; intensely Scottish, 16, 18; trained in recitation, 20; power to memorize, 21; animal pets, 23; early evidence of organizing power, 24, 43; leaves Dunfermline, 25; sails for America, 28; on the Erie Canal, 29, 30; in Allegheny City, 30; becomes a bobbin boy, 34; works in a bobbin factory, 35, 36; telegraph messenger, 37-44; first real start in life, 38, 39; first communication to the press, 45; cultivates taste for literature, 46, 47; love for Shakespeare stimulated, 48, 49; Swedenborgian influence, 50; taste for music aroused, 51; first wage raise, 55; learns to telegraph, 57, 58, 61; becomes a telegraph operator, 59.

_Railroad experience:_ Clerk and operator for Thomas A. Scott, division superintendent of Pennsylvania Railroad, 63; loses pay-rolls, 67; an anti-slavery partisan, 68, 96; employs women as telegraph operators, 69; takes unauthorized responsibility, 71, 72; in temporary charge of division, 73; theological discussions, 74-76; first investment, 79; transferred to Altoona, 84; invests in building of sleeping-cars, 87; made division superintendent on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 91; returns to Pittsburgh, 92; gets a house at Homewood, 94; Civil War service, 99-109; gift to Kenyon College, 106; first serious illness, 109; first return to Scotland, 110-13; organizes rail-making and locomotive works, 115; also a company to build iron bridges, 116-18; bridge-building, 119-29; begins making iron, 130-34; introduces cost accounting system, 135, 136, 204; becomes interested in oil wells, 136-39; mistaken for a noted exhorter, 140; leaves the railroad company, 140, 141.

_Period of acquisition:_ Travels extensively in Europe, 142, 143; deepening appreciation of art and music, 143; builds coke works, 144, 145; attitude toward protective tariff, 146-48; opens an office in New York, 149; joins the Nineteenth Century Club, 150; opposed to speculation, 151-54; builds bridge at Keokuk, 154; and another at St. Louis, 155-57; dealings with the Morgans, 155-57, 169-73; gives public baths to Dunfermline, 157; his ambitions at thirty-three, 157, 158; rivalry with Pullman, 159; proposes forming Pullman Palace Car Company, 160; helps the Union Pacific Railway through a crisis, 162, 163; becomes a director of that company, 164; but is forced out, 165; friction with Mr. Scott, 165, 174; floats bonds of the Allegheny Valley Railway, 167-71; negotiations with Baring Brothers, 168, 169; some business rules, 172-75, 194, 224, 231; concentrates on manufacturing, 176, 177; president of the British Iron and Steel Institute, 178; begins making pig iron, 178, 179; proves the value of chemistry at a blast furnace, 181-83; making steel rails, 184-89; in the panic of 1873, 189-93; parts with Mr. Kloman, 194-97; some of his partners, 198-203; goes around the world, 204-09; his philosophy of life, 206, 207; Dunfermline confers the freedom of the town, 210; coaching in Great Britain, 211, 212; dangerously ill, 212, 213; death of his mother and brother, 212, 213; courtship, 213, 214; marriage, 215; presented with the freedom of Edinburgh, 215; birth of his daughter, 217; buys Skibo Castle, 217; manufactures spiegel and ferro-manganese, 220, 221; buys mines, 221-23; acquires the Frick Coke Company, 222; buys the Homestead steel mills, 225; progress between 1888 and 1897, 226; the Homestead strike, 228-33; succeeds Mark Hanna on executive committee of the National Civic Federation, 234; incident of Burgomaster McLuckie, 235-39; some labor disputes, 240-54; dealing with a mill committee, 241, 242; breaking a strike, 243-46; a sliding scale of wages, 244-47; beating a bully, 248; settling differences by conference, 249, 250, 252; workmen's savings, 251.

_Period of distribution:_ Carnegie Steel Company sells out to United States Steel Corporation, 255, 256; Andrew Carnegie Relief Fund established for men in the mills, 256, 257, 281; libraries built, 259; Carnegie Institution founded, 259-61; hero funds established for several countries, 262-67; pension fund for aged professors, 268-71; trustee of Cornell University, 268; Lord Rector of St. Andrews, 271-73; aid to American colleges, 274, 275, 277 _n._; connection with Hampton and Tuskegee Institutes, 276, 277; gives organs to many churches, 278, 279; private pension fund, 279, 280; Railroad Pension Fund, 280; early interested in peace movements, 282, 283; on a League of Nations, 284 _n._; provides funds for Temple of Peace at The Hague, 284, 285; president of the Peace Society of New York, 285, 286; decorated by several governments, 286; buys Pittencrieff Glen and gives it to Dunfermline, 286-90; friendship with Earl Grey, 290; other trusts established, 290 _n._; dinners of the Carnegie Veteran Association, 291, 292; the Literary Dinner, 292, 293; relations with Mark Twain, 294-97; with Matthew Arnold, 298-308; with Josh Billings, 302-05; first meets Mr. Gladstone, 309, 330, 331; estimate of Lord Rosebery, 309-11; his own name often misspelled, 310; attachment to Harcourt and Campbell-Bannerman, 312; and the Earl of Elgin, 313, 314; his Freedom-getting career, 314, 316; opinion on British municipal government, 314-17; visits Mr. Gladstone at Hawarden, 318, 319, 328, 329; incident of the Queen's Jubilee, 320, 321; relations with J.G. Blaine, 320, 321, 328, 341-46; friendship with John Morley, 322-28; estimate of Elihu Root, 324; buys Lord Acton's library, 325; on Irish Home Rule, 327; attempts newspaper campaign of political progress, 330; writes _Triumphant Democracy_, 330-32; a disciple of Herbert Spencer, 333-40; delegate to the Pan-American Congress, 346, 350; entertains President Harrison, 347, 348; founds Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, 348; influence in the Chilian quarrel, 350-52; suggests Mr. Shiras for the Supreme Court, 353; on the Behring Sea dispute, 354, 355; opinion of Mr. Blaine, 355, 357; relations with John Hay, 358-61; and with President McKinley, 359, 363; on annexation of the Philippines, 362-65; criticism of W.J. Bryan, 364; impressions of the German emperor, 366-71; hopeful of President Wilson, 371, 372.

Carnegie, Louise Whitfield, wife of A.C., 215-19; charmed by Scotland, 215; her enjoyment of the pipers, 216; the Peace-Maker, 218; honored with freedom of Dunfermline, 271; first honorary member of Carnegie Veteran Association, 292.

Carnegie, Margaret Morrison, mother of A.C., 6, 12; reticent on religious subjects, 22, 50; a wonderful woman, 31, 32, 38, 88-90; gives bust of Sir Walter Scott to Stirling, 157; lays corner stone of Carnegie Library in Dunfermline, 211; death of, 212, 213; advice to Matthew Arnold, 299.

Carnegie, Margaret, daughter of A.C., born, 217.

Carnegie, Thomas Morrison, brother of A.C., 25; a favorite of Col. Piper, 118, 119; interested in iron-making, 130; friendship with Henry Phipps, 132; marries Lucy Coleman, 149; death of, 212, 213.

Carnegie, William, father of A.C., 2; a damask weaver, 8, 12, 13, 25, 30; a radical republican, 11; liberal in theology, 22, 23; works in a cotton factory in Allegheny City, 34; one of the founders of a library in Dunfermline, 48; a sweet singer, 52; shy and reserved, 62; one of the most lovable of men, 63; death of, 63, 77.

"Carnegie," the wood-and-bronze yacht, 260, 261.

Carnegie Brothers & Co., 129, 225, 226.

Carnegie Corporation of New York, 290 _n._

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 286 _n._

Carnegie Endowment for the Advancement of Learning, 268.

Carnegie Hero Fund, 262-66.

Carnegie Institute at Pittsburgh, 259, 348.

Carnegie Institution, 259, 260.

Carnegie, Kloman & Co., 196, 197.

Carnegie, McCandless & Co., 201.

Carnegie, Phipps & Co., 226.

Carnegie Relief Fund, for Carnegie workmen, 266.

Carnegie Steel Company, 256.

Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, trustees of, 269; duties of, 270, 271.

Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, 290 _n._

Carnegie Veteran Association, 291, 292.

"Cavendish" (Henry Jones), anecdote of, 315.

Central Transportation Company, 159, 161.

Chamberlain, Joseph, 326, 327, 356.

Chemistry, value of, in iron manufacture, 181, 182, 223.

Chicago, "dizzy on cult," 305, 306.

Chili, quarrel with, 350-53.

Chisholm, Mr., Cleveland iron manufacturer, 184.

Clayton-Bulwer Treaty, 355, 356, 360.

Clemens, Samuel L., _see_ Twain, Mark.

Cleveland, Frances, Library at Wellesley College, 275.

Cleveland, President, 283; and tariff revision, 147.

Cluny Castle, Scotland, 217; Mr. Blaine at, 344.

Coal-washing, introduced into America by George Lauder, 144.

Cobbett, William, 4.

Coke, manufacture of, 144, 145, 221.

Coleman, Lucy, afterwards Mrs. Thomas Carnegie, 149.

Coleman, William, interested in oil wells, 136-40; and in coke, 144; manufacturer of steel rails, 186; anecdote of, 192; sells out to Mr. Carnegie, 202.

Columbia University, 274 _n._

Confucius, quoted, 50, 52, 340.

Constant, Baron d'Estournelles de, 286.

Conway, Moncure D., Autobiography quoted, 274.

Coöperative store, 250.

Corn Law agitation, the, 8.

Cornell University, salaries of professors, 268.

Cowley, William, 46.

Cremer, William Randall, receives Nobel Prize for promotion of peace, 283, 284 _n._

Cresson Springs, Mr. Carnegie's summer home in the Alleghanies, 213, 307.

Cromwell, Oliver, 15.

Crystal Palace, London, 143.

Curry, Henry M., 181; becomes a partner of Mr. Carnegie, 201.

Cyclops Mills, 133, 134.

Damask trade in Scotland, 2, 8, 12, 13.

Dawes, Anna L., _How we are Governed_, 327.

Dennis, Prof. F.S., 213, 214.

Dickinson College, Conway Hall at, 274.

Disestablishment of the English Church, 329.

Dodds process, the, for carbonizing the heads of iron rails, 186.

Dodge, William E., 260.

Donaldson, Principal, of St. Andrews University, 273.

Douglas, Euphemia (Mrs. Sloane), 29.

Drexel, Anthony, 175, 205.

Dunfermline, birthplace of Mr. Carnegie, 2, 6; a radical town, 10; libraries in, 48; revisited, 110-12, 157; gives Mr. Carnegie the freedom of the town, 210; Carnegie Library in, 211; confers freedom of the town on Mrs. Carnegie, 271.

Dunfermline Abbey, 6, 7, 17, 18, 26, 27, 111.

Durrant, President, of the Union Pacific Railway, 159.

Eads, Capt. James B., 119, 120.

Edgar Thomson Steel Company, 188, 189, 201, 202.

Education, compulsory, 34.

Edwards, "Billy," 249, 250.

Edwards, Passmore, 330.

Elgin, Earl of, and Trust for the Universities of Scotland, 269-72, 313, 314.

Elkins, Sen. Stephen B., and Mr. Blaine, 344, 345, 352, 359.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, anecdote of, 335.

Endorsing notes, 173, 174.

Erie Canal, the, 29, 30.

Escanaba Iron Company, 194-97, 220.

Evans, Captain ("Fighting Bob"), as government inspector, 199.

Evarts, William M., 336 _n._

Fahnestock, Mr., Pittsburgh financier, 41.

Farmer, President, of Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Co., 5.

Ferguson, Ella (Mrs. Henderson), 25.

Ferro-manganese, manufacture of, 220.

Fleming, Marjory, 20.

Flower, Governor Roswell P., and the tariff, 147, 148.

Forbes, Gen. John, Laird of Pittencrieff, 188.

Franciscus, Mr., freight agent at Pittsburgh, 72.

Franciscus, Mrs., 80.

Franklin, Benjamin, and St. Andrews University, 272; quoted, 340.

Frick, Henry C., 222.

Frick Coke Company, 222, 226.

Fricke, Dr., chemist at the Lucy Furnace, 182.

Frissell, Hollis B., of Hampton Institute, 277.

Garrett, John W., President of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, 125-29.

General Education Board, 274.

Germany, and the Philippines, 365; Emperor William, 366-71.

Gilder, Richard Watson, poem by, 262, 263; manager of the Literary Dinner, 292, 293; on Mr. Carnegie, 293 _n._, 340 _n._

Gilman, Daniel C., first president of the Carnegie Institution, 260.

Gladstone, W.E., letter from, 233; and Matthew Arnold, 298; Mr. Carnegie and, 309, 327-31; his library, 318; devout and sincere, 319; anecdote of, 320; and J.G. Blaine, 321; and John Morley, 325.

Glass, John P., 54, 55.

God, each stage of civilization creates its own, 75.

Gorman, Senator Arthur P., and the tariff, 147, 148.

_Gospel of Wealth, The_, published, 255.

Gould, Jay, 152.

Grant, Gen. U.S., and Secretary Stanton, 106; some characteristics of, 107; unjustly suspected, 108.

Greeley, Horace, 68, 81.

Grey, Earl, trustee of Carnegie United Kingdom Trust, 290 and _n._

Hague Conference, 283, 284.

Haldane, Lord Chancellor, error as to British manufactures, 331.

Hale, Eugene, visits Mr. Carnegie, 216.

Hale, Prof. George E., of the Mount Wilson Observatory, 261.

Halkett, Sir Arthur, killed at Braddock's defeat, 187, 188.

Hamilton College, Elihu Root Foundation at, 275.

Hampton Institute, 276.

Hanna, Senator Mark, 233, 234, 359; Chair in Western Reserve University named for, 275.

Harcourt, Sir William Vernon, 312.

Harris, Joel Chandler, 295.

Harrison, President Benjamin, opens Carnegie Hall at Allegheny City, 259, 347; his nomination, 344, 345; dispute with Chili, 350-53; the Behring Sea question, 350, 353-55.

Hartman Steel Works, 226.

Hawk, Mr., of the Windsor Hotel, New York, 150.

Hay, Secretary John, comment on Lincoln, 101, 102; visits Mr. Carnegie, 216; chairman of directors of Carnegie Institution, 260; Library, at Brown University, 275; as Secretary of State, 358; the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 359; the Senate his _bête noire_, 360, 361.

Hay, John, of Allegheny City, 34-37.

Head-ication versus Hand-ication, 4.

Henderson, Ebenezer, 5.

Henderson, Ella Ferguson, 25, 55.

Hero Fund, 262-66.

Hewitt, Abram S., 260.

Higginson, Maj. F.L., 260.

Higginson, Col. Thomas Wentworth, 150.

Hill, David Jayne, on the German Hero Fund, 263, 264.

Hogan, Maria, 70.

Hogan, Uncle, 36, 77.

Holls, G.F.W., and the Hague Conference, 284.

Holmes, Oliver Wendell, and the Matthew Arnold memorial, 307, 308.

Homestead Steel Mills, consolidated with Carnegie Brothers & Co., 225, 226; strike at, 228-39; address of workmen to Mr. Carnegie, 257.

Hughes, Courtney, 58.

Huntington, Collis P., 205.

Ignorance, the main root of industrial trouble, 240.

_In the Time of Peace_, by Richard Watson Gilder, 262, 263.

Ingersoll, Col. Robert G., 210, 300.

Integrity, importance of, in business, 172.

Ireland, Mr. Carnegie's freedom tour in, 314 _n._, 316.

Irish Home Rule, 327.

Irwin, Agnes, receives doctor's degree from St. Andrews University, 272, 273.

Isle of Wight, 215.

Jackson, Andrew, and Simon Cameron, 104, 105.

Jewett, Thomas L., President of the Panhandle Railroad, 117.

Jones, Henry ("Cavendish"), anecdote of, 315.

Jones, ---- ("The Captain"), 202, 204, 241, 242, 369; prefers large salary to partnership, 203.

_Just by the Way_, poem on Mr. Carnegie, 238.

Kaiser Wilhelm, and Mr. Carnegie, 366-71.

Katte, Walter, 123.

Keble, Bishop, godfather of Matthew Arnold, 298.

Kelly, Mr., chairman of blast-furnaces committee, 241-43.

Kennedy, Julian, 220.

Kenyon College, gift to, 106; Stanton Chair of Economics, 275.

Keokuk, Iowa, 154.

Keystone Bridge Works, 116, 122-28, 176.

Keystone Iron Works, 130.

Kilgraston, Scotland, 215, 216.

Kind action never lost, 85, 86.

King Edward VII, letter from, 264, 265, 326.

Kloman, Andrew, partner with Mr. Carnegie, 130, 178, 179; a great mechanic, 131, 134; in bankruptcy, 194-96.

Knowledge, sure to prove useful, 60.

Knowles, James, on Tennyson, 337, 338.

Koethen, Mr., choir leader, 51.

Labor, some problems of, 240-54.

Lang, Principal, 272.

Lauder, George, uncle of A.C., 12, 28, 113, 287; teaches him history, 15-17; and recitation, 20.

Lauder, George, cousin of A.C., 8, 17; develops coal-washing machinery, 144, 223.

Lauder Technical College, 9, 15.

Lehigh University, Mr. Carnegie gives Taylor Hall, 266.

Lewis, Enoch, 91.

Libraries, founded by Mr. Carnegie, 47, 48, 259.

Library, public, usefulness of, 47.

Lincoln, Abraham, some characteristics of, 101; second nomination sought, 104, 105.

Linville, H.J., partner of Mr. Carnegie, 116, 120.

Literature, value of a taste for, 46.

Lloyd, Mr., banker at Altoona, 87.

Lombaert, Mr., general superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 63, 66, 67, 73.

Lucy Furnace, the, erected, 178; in charge of Henry Phipps, 181; enlarged, 183; gift from the workmen in, 257, 258.

Lynch, Rev. Frederick, 285.

Mabie, Hamilton Wright, quoted, 113.

McAneny, George, 277.

McCandless, David, 78, 186.

McCargo, David, 42, 49, 69.

McCullough, J.N., 173, 175.

MacIntosh, Mr., Scottish furniture manufacturer, 24.

McKinley, President William, 358; and the Panama Canal, 359; and the Spanish War, 361-65.

McLuckie, Burgomaster, and Mr. Carnegie, 235-37.

McMillan, Rev. Mr., Presbyterian minister, 74-76.

Macdonald, Sir John, and the Behring Sea troubles, 354, 355.

Mackie, J.B., quoted, 3, 9.

Macy, V. Everit, 277.

Martin, Robert, Mr. Carnegie's only schoolmaster, 13-15, 21.

Mason and Slidell, 102.

Mellon, Judge, of Pittsburgh, 1.

Memorizing, benefit of, 21, 39.

Mill, John Stuart, as rector of St. Andrews, 272.

Miller, Thomas N., 45, 46, 110; on the doctrine of predestination, 75; partner with Mr. Carnegie, 115, 130, 133; death of, 130; sells his interest, 133, 134.

Mills, D.O., 260.

Mitchell, Dr. S. Weir, 260.

Morgan, J. Pierpont, 171, 172, 256.

Morgan, Junius S., 155, 156, 170.

Morgan, J.S., & Co., negotiations with, 169-72.

Morland, W.C., 42.

Morley, John, and Mr. Carnegie, 21, 22, 293; address at Carnegie Institute, 188; on Lord Rosebery, 311; on the Earl of Elgin, 314; on Mr. Carnegie, 322 _n._; pessimistic, 322, 323; visits America, 324, 325; and Elihu Root, 324; and Theodore Roosevelt, 325; and Lord Acton's library, 325; and Joseph Chamberlain, 326, 327.

Morley, R.F., 100 _n._

Morris, Leander, cousin of Mr. Carnegie, 51.

Morrison, Bailie, uncle of Mr. Carnegie, 4-6, 9, 11, 210, 287, 312.

Morrison, Margaret, _see_ Carnegie, Margaret.

Morrison, Thomas, maternal grandfather of Mr. Carnegie, 4-6, 287.

Morrison, Thomas, second cousin of Mr. Carnegie, 145.

Morton, Levi P., 165.

Mount Wilson Observatory, 261, 262.

Municipal government, British and American, 314-16.

"Naig," Mr. Carnegie's nickname, 17.

National Civic Federation, 234.

National Trust Company, Pittsburgh, 224.

Naugle, J.A., 237.

New York, first impressions of, 28; business headquarters of America, 149.

Nineteenth Century Club, New York, 150.

Ocean surveys, 261.

Ogden, Robert C., 277.

Oil wells, 136-39.

Oliver, Hon. H.W., 42, 49.

Omaha Bridge, 164, 165.

Optimism, 3, 162; optimist and pessimist, 323.

Organs, in churches, 278, 279.

_Our Coaching Trip_, quoted, 48, 110; privately published, 212.

Palmer, Courtlandt, 150.

Panama Canal, 359, 360, 372.

Pan-American Congress, 345, 346.

Panic of 1873, the, 171, 172, 189-93.

Park, James, pioneer steel-maker of Pittsburgh, 199, 200.

Parliament, membership and meetings, 315.

Partnership better than corporation, 221.

Patiemuir College, 2.

Pauncefote, Sir Julian, and Mr. Blaine, 355; the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 359, 360.

Peabody, George, his body brought home on the warship Monarch, 282.

Peabody, George Foster, 277.

Peace, Mr. Carnegie's work for, 282-86; Palace, at The Hague, 284, 285.

Peace Society of New York, 285, 286.

Peacock, Alexander R., partner of Mr. Carnegie, 203.

Pennsylvania Railroad Company, builds first iron bridge, 115-17; aids Union Pacific Railway, 163, 164; aids Allegheny Valley Railway, 167-71; aids Pennsylvania Steel Works, 185. _See also_ Carnegie, Andrew, _Railroad experience_.

Pennsylvania Steel Works, the, 185.

Pessimist and optimist, story of, 323.

Philadelphia and Erie Railroad, 167-70.

Philippines, the, annexation of, 358, 362-65.

Phillips, Col. William, 167, 168, 169.

Phipps, Henry, 31, 130; advertises for work, 131, 132; crony and partner of Thomas Carnegie, 132; controversy over opening conservatories on Sunday, 132, 133; European tour, 142; in charge of the Lucy Furnace, 181, 182; statement about Mr. Carnegie and his partners, 196, 197; goes into the steel business, 201.

Phipps, John, 46; killed, 76.

Pig iron, manufacture of, 178, 179; importance of chemistry in, 181-84.

Pilot Knob mine, 183.

Piper, Col. John L., partner of Mr. Carnegie, 116, 117; had a craze for horses, 118, 121; attachment to Thomas Carnegie, 118, 119; relations with James B. Eads, 120.

Pitcairn, Robert, division superintendent, Pennsylvania Railroad, 42, 44, 49, 66, 189.

Pittencrieff Glen, bought and given to Dunfermline, 286-89, 291.

Pittsburgh, in 1850, 39-41; some of its leading men, 41; in 1860, 93; later development, 348.

Pittsburgh, Bank of, 194.

Pittsburgh Locomotive Works, 115.

Pittsburgh Theater, 46, 48, 49.

Political corruption, 109.

Predestination, doctrine of, 75.

Principals' Week, 272.

Pritchett, Dr. Henry S., president of the Carnegie Endowment for the Advancement of Learning, 268.

Private pension fund, 279, 280.

_Problems of To-day_, quoted, 40, 217.

Protective tariffs, 146-48.

Prousser, Mr., chemist, 222.

Public speaking, 210.

Pullman, George M., 157, 159; forms Pullman Palace Car Company, 160, 161; anecdote of, 162; becomes a director of the Union Pacific, 164.

Quality, the most important factor in success, 115, 122, 123.

Queen's Jubilee, the (June, 1887), 320, 321.

Quintana, Manuel, President of Argentina, 346.

Railroad Pension Fund, 280.

Rawlins, Gen. John A., and General Grant, 107, 108.

Recitation, value of, in education, 20.

Reed, Speaker Thomas B., 362.

Reid, James D., and Mr. Carnegie, 59 and _n._

Reid, General, of Keokuk, 154.

Republican Party, first national meeting, 68.

Riddle, Robert M., 81.

Ritchie, David, 139, 140.

Ritter, Governor, of Pennsylvania, anecdote of, 342.

Robinson, General, first white child born west of the Ohio River, 40.

Rockefeller, John D., 274.

Rogers, Henry H., 296.

Rolland School, 13.

Roosevelt, Theodore, 260; and Elihu Root, 275; John Morley on, 325; rejects the Arbitration Treaty, 360, 361; and the Philippines, 365.

Root, Elihu, 260, 286 _n._; fund named for, at Hamilton College, 275; "ablest of all our Secretaries of State," 275; on Mr. Carnegie, 276; and John Morley, 324.

Rosebery, Lord, presents Mr. Carnegie with the freedom of Edinburgh, 215; relations with, 309, 310; handicapped by being born a peer, 310, 311.

Ross, Dr. John, 269, 271; aids in buying Pittencrieff Glen, 288, 289; receives freedom of Dunfermline, 313.

_Round the World_, 205, 206, 208.

Sabbath observance, 52, 53, 133.

St. Andrews University, Mr. Carnegie elected Lord Rector, 271, 273; confers doctor's degree on Benjamin Franklin and on his great-granddaughter, 272, 273.

St. Louis Bridge, 155-57.

Salisbury, Lord, and the Behring Sea troubles, 353-55.

Sampson, ----, financial editor of the London _Times_, 156.

Schiffler, Mr., a partner of Mr. Carnegie in building iron bridges, 116, 117.

Schoenberger, Mr., president of the Exchange Bank, Pittsburgh, 192, 193.

Schurman, President Jacob G., 363.

Schwab, Charles M., 152, 254-56.

Scott, John, 186.

Scott, Thomas A., 63, 70-74, 77; helps Carnegie to his first investment, 79; made general superintendent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 84; breaks a strike, 84, 85; made vice-president of the Company, 90; Assistant Secretary of War, 99, 102; colonel, 103; returns to the railroad, 109; tries to get contract for sleeping-cars on the Union Pacific, 158, 159; becomes president of that road, 164; first serious difference with Carnegie, 165; president of the Texas Pacific Railroad, and then of the Pennsylvania road, 172; financially embarrassed, 173, 192; break with Carnegie and premature death, 174.

Scott, Sir Walter, and Marjory Fleming, 20; bust of, at Stirling, 157; made a burgess of Dunfermline, 210.

Scott, Gen. Winfield, 102, 103.

Seneca Indians, early gatherers of oil, 138.

Sentiment, in the practical affairs of life, 253.

Seton, Ernest Thompson, and John Burroughs, 293.

Seward, William Henry, 102.

Shakespeare, quoted, 10, 214, 219, 255, 294, 297; Mr. Carnegie's interest in, 48, 49.

Shaw, Henry W., _see_ Billings, Josh.

Shaw, Thomas (Lord Shaw), of Dunfermline, 269, 288, 289.

Sherman, Gen. W.T., 107.

Shiras, George, Jr., appointed to the Supreme Court, 353.

Siemens gas furnace, 136.

Singer, George, 225.

Skibo Castle, Scotland, 217, 272, 326.

Sleeping-car, invention of, 87; on the Union Pacific Railway, 158-61.

Sliding scale of wages, solution of the capital and labor problem, 246, 247, 252.

Sloane, Mr. and Mrs., 29.

Smith, J.B., friend of John Bright, 11, 12.

Smith, Perry, anecdote of, 124.

Snobs, English, 301.

Spanish War, the, 361-65.

Speculation, 151, 153.

Spencer, Herbert, Mr. Carnegie's relations with, 333-37; a good laugher, 333, 334; opposed to militarism, 335; banquet to, at Delmonico's, 336; very conscientious, 337, 338; his philosophy, 339; on the gift of Carnegie Institute, 348, 349.

Spens, Sir Patrick, ballad of, 7, 367.

Spiegel, manufacture of, 220.

Stanley, Dean A.P., on Burns's theology, 271.

Stanton, Edwin M., 41, 275.

Stanwood, Edward, _James G. Blaine_ quoted, 345 _n._

Steel, the age of, 181-97; King, 224, 225.

Steel Workers' Pension Fund, 281.

Steubenville, bridge at, over the Ohio River, 116, 117.

Stewart, D.A., freight agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 94, 95; joins Mr. Carnegie in manufacture of steel rails, 186.

Stewart, Rebecca, niece of Thomas A. Scott, 90.

Stokes, Major, chief counsel of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 81-83, 86.

Storey, Samuel, M.P., 330.

Storey farm, oil wells on, 138, 139 _n._

Straus, Isidor, 196.

Straus, Oscar S., and the National Civic Federation, 234, 235.

Strikes: on the Pennsylvania Railroad, 84, 85; at Homestead, 228-39; at the steel-rail works, 240, 243.

Sturgis, Russell, 168.

Success, true road to, 176, 177.

Sun City Forge Company, 115 _n._

Superior Rail Mill and Blast Furnaces, 115.

Surplus, the law of the, 227.

Swedenborgianism, 22, 50, 51.

_Sweet By and By, The_, 341, 342.

Taft, William H., and the Philippines, 363, 365.

Tariff, protective, 146-48.

Taylor, Charles, president of the Hero Fund, 266, 267.

Taylor, Joseph, 58.

Taylor Hall at Lehigh University, 266.

Teaching, a meanly paid profession, 268.

Temple of Peace, at The Hague, 284, 285.

Tennant, Sir Charles, President of the Scotland Steel Company, 356, 357.

Texas, story about, 334.

Texas Pacific Railway, 172 _n._, 173.

Thaw, William, vice-president of the Fort Wayne Railroad, 190.

Thayer, William Roscoe, _Life and Letters of John Hay_, quoted, 216, 358, 359.

Thomas, Gen. George H., 107.

Thompson, Moses, 223.

Thomson, John Edgar, President of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 72; an evidence of his fairness, 117; offers Mr. Carnegie promotion, 140; shows confidence in him, 163; steel mills named for, 188, 189; financially embarrassed, 192.

Tower, Charlemagne, Ambassador to Germany, 366, 368.

Trent affair, the, 102.

Trifles, importance of, 36, 124, 159, 248.

_Triumphant Democracy_, published, 309; origin, 330-32.

Troubles, most of them imaginary, 162.

Tuskegee Institute, 276.

Twain, Mark, letter from, 294, 295; man and hero, 296; devotion to his wife, 297.

Union Iron Mills, 133, 134, 176; very profitable, 198.

Union Pacific Railway, sleeping-cars on, 159-61; Mr. Carnegie's connection with, 162-65.

"Unitawrian," prejudice against, 12.

Vanderlip, Frank A., 268.

Vandevort, Benjamin, 95.

Vandevort, John W., 95; Mr. Carnegie's closest companion, 142; accompanies him around the world, 204.

Van Dyke, Prof. John C., on the Homestead strike, 235-37, 239.

Wagner, Mr., Carnegie's interest in, 49, 50.

Walker, Baillie, 3.

Wallace, William, 16, 17, 367.

War, breeds war, 16; must be abolished, 274, 283, 284; "ferocious and futile folly," 358.

Washington, Booker T., declines gift to himself, 276, 277.

Waterways, inland, improvement of, 342.

Webster Literary Society, 61.

Wellesley College, Cleveland Library at, 275.

Western Reserve University, Hanna Chair at, 275.

White, Andrew D., 23, 150; and the Hague Conference, 284.

White, Henry, 358.

Whitfield, Louise, 213, 214. _See also_, Carnegie, Mrs. Andrew.

Whitwell Brothers, 179.

Wilkins, Judge William, 95, 96.

William IV, German Emperor, 366-71.

Wilmot, Mr., of the Carnegie Relief Fund, 266.

Wilson, James R., 46.

Wilson, Woodrow, 371, 372.

Wilson, Walker & Co., 226.

Women as telegraph operators, 69, 70.

Woodruff, T.T., inventor of the sleeping-car, 87, 161.

Woodward, Dr. Robert S., president of the Carnegie Institution, 260.

Wordsworth, William, quoted, 86.

Workmen's savings, 251.

World peace, 369-71.

Wright, John A., president of the Freedom Iron Works, 185.