Chapter VI

, The Equipment and Care of the Shop.

Steel wool. This consists of shavings, turned from thin steel discs set together in a lathe. It comes in various grades, No. 00 to No. 3. The finest, No. 00, is coarse enough for ordinary purposes.

Sandpaper. Use No. 00 smeared with boiled oil. Pulverized pumice stone and pulverized rotten stone, both very fine, are used to rub down inequalities and to give a dull finish to shellac or varnish. Use with oil on shellac and with oil or water on copal varnish. Horsehair and soft wood shavings are often used to rub down varnish. French felt, medium hard, is used for rubbing down copal varnish with pumice stone.

Cotton waste is the cheapest available material for wiping.

Cheese cloth is better for some purposes, but more expensive.

Soft cloth without lint is necessary for French polishing. "Berkeley muslin," "Old Glory," and "Lilly White" are trade names. A fine quality is necessary. The starch should be washed out and the cloth dried before using, and then torn into little pieces, say 4" square.

Fillers consist of silex or of ground earths mixed with oil, japan, and turpentine. Their object is to give a perfectly level and non-absorbent basis for varnish covering.

Oils. Raw linseed oil is very fat and dries slowly. It is used for interior work.

Boiled oil is linseed oil boiled with litharge (PbO) and white vitriol, which removes much of the fatty ingredient and gives it drying quality.

Turpentine is a volatile oil from the sap of long-leaf pine. It is mixed with oil in painting to give further drying qualities.

Benzine is a cheap substitute for turpentine. It is a highly inflammable product of coal tar and evaporates quickly.

Drier is an oil in which resin has been dissolved. It is mixed with varnishes and paint to make them dry quickly. It is also sometimes used as a varnish itself.

Japan is a varnish-like liquid made of shellac or other resin, linseed oil, metallic oxides, and turpentine. It is used as a medium in which to grind colors and as a drier.

WOOD FINISHING

REFERENCES:[*]

(1) Stains. Hodgson, II, pp. 25-59, 155-164. Van Deusen, _Man. Tr. Mag._, 6: 93. Maire, pp. 46-64.

(2) Fillers. Hodgson, II, pp. 7-25. Maire, 65-72.

(3) Oil Finish. Hodgson, II, pp. 99-103. Maire, p. 117.

(4) Wax. Hodgson, II, pp. 93-99. Maire, pp. 112-116.

(5) Varnish.

Shellac. Maire, pp. 73-80, 101-111. _Journal, Soc. Arts_, 49: 192. _Ency. Brit._, Vol. XIV, "Lac." Hodgson, II, pp. 66-93. _Inter. Encyc._, Vol. X, "Lac."

Oil Varnish. Hodgson, II, pp. 59-66. Clark, pp. 1-69. Maire, pp. 81-100. _Encyc. Brit._, Vol. XXIV, "Varnish."

(6) Paints. Brannt, p. 134-152. _Building Trades Pocketbook_, pp. 357-360.

For detailed directions for the treatment of different woods, see Hodgson, II, pp. 112-153, Maire, pp. 124-141.

[Footnote *: For general bibliography see p. 4.]

INDEX.

Acorn of hinge, 131. Adjustment of plane, 70, 72. Adze, 88. Agacite grinder, 61, 120, 121, 137. Alcohol: Grain (Ethyl), 216. Wood (Methyl), 216. Alligator, 28. Ammonia, 209, 211. Angle of bevel, 58, 59. Aniline stains: Alcohol, 211. Oil, 210. Water, 211. Antique oak, 210. Anvil, 141. Arrangement of shop, 142-144. Arris, 57, 184. Asphaltum, 210. Auger-bit, 53, 84, 85, 137, 140. Auger-bit-gage, 116. Ax, 10, 51, 87.

Back-saw, 65, 136, 138. Balloon frame, 201. Banana oil, 213, 216. Band-saw, 31. Banking grounds, 16. Beam-compass, 114. Beams, 201. Bench, 97-99, 136, 138, 141, 143. Glue and Stain, 142, 149. Bench-hook, 78, 102, 104, 137, 139. Bending wood, 199. Benzine, 209, 210, 214, 222. Bevel of cutting tools, 52, 55, 120. Bevel, Sliding T, 113, 137, 140. Bezel, See Bevel. Bill-hook, 10. Binding of saw, 63, 65. Bit, Plane, 70, 77. Bits, 84-87, 137, 140. Bit, Twist, 84, 85. Bit-point drill, 84, 85. Bit-stock, See Brace. Black, 209, 211. Blank-hinge, 131. Blazes on trees, 7, 8. Blinds, 194. Block, Corner, 155 No. 12, 177, 199. Block-plane, See Plane, Block. Blue, Prussian, 210. Board, 48. Board construction, 184-192. Board-dipper, 35, 36. Board foot, 48, 109. Board measure, 48, 109, 110. Board structures, 184-192. Bolt of lock, 133. Bolts, 127. Book shelves, 185. Boom, Log, 20, 21. Boring, Directions for, 85. Boring tools, 83-87. Box, 187-191. Bottoms, 188. Lids, 188, 189. Of lock, 133. Brace, 103, 105, 137, 140. Brace, Ratchet, 103, 105, 137. Brace-measure, 107. Bracket, 185. Brad-awl, 83, 84, 138, 140. Brads, 124. Breaking out the roll-ways, 16. Bridging, 201. Brown, Bismarck, 210, 211. Dark, 212. Reddish, 210, 211. Vandyke, 209. Brush, 138, 141, 149, 209, 210, 221. Brush, See also Duster. Brush-Keeper, 150. Buckling of saw, 62, 65, 67. Buffer, 121, 147. Burn of shellac, 217. Butt-hinge, 131.

Cabinet construction, 192-195. Cabinet for nails and screws, 142, 145, 147. Calipers, 114. Camp, logging, 8, 9. Cant, 35, foot-note. Cant-flipper, 35, 36. Cant-hook, 10, 13. Cape-chisel, 141. Care of the shop, 142-150. Carriage-bolts, 127. _Carteria lacca_, 215. Carving tools, 60, 140. Case-hardening, 46. C-Clamps. See carriage-makers' clamps. Ceiling, 201. Center-bit, 84, 86. Chain, 10, 13, 15, 16. Chair, 198-201. Chalk, French, 197. Chamfer, 82, 115, 161, 184. Chatter, 71, 92. Cheek of joint, 160. Cheese-cloth, 221. Chest, 193, 195. Chest-hinge, 131. Chisel, 52-59, 136, 137, 139, 140, 183. See also Chiseling end-wood, Paring, Sidewise chiseling. Chisel, Cape, 141. Carving, 54. Cold, 141. Corner, 55. Firmer, 54, 136, 139. Framing, 55. Mortise, 54, 55, 161. Paring, 54. Round-nosed 55, 141. Skew, 55. Turning, 54. Chisel-gage, 69. Chiseling, end-wood, 56, 57, 183. Sidewise, 56. Perpendicular, 56. Choking of Plane, 76. Chopping tools, 87, 88. Clamp, 101, 138, 141, 169. Carriage-makers, 102, 138, 141. Column, 169. Plane, 70, 77. Clapboards, 201. Claw hammer, 96. Cleaning tools, 121. Cleats, 186, 188. Comb-grain, 41, 42. Compass, 113, 114, 137, 139. Blackboard, 117, 141. Compass-saw, 66, 139. Consumer, 33, 41. Copal, 218. Coping-saw, 139. Copper, Soldering, 141. Corner-blocks, 155, No. 12, 177, 199. Corner-board, 201. Cornering tool, 83. Corner-iron, 127, 128. Corner locking, 164. Corrugated fasteners, 125, 170. Cost of Equipment, 136-142. Countersink, 84, 87, 126, 138, 140, 141. Cricket, 186. Crosscut-saw, 10, 64-66, 137, 139. Cross-grained wood, Planing, 75. Crowbar, 10. Crown of Plane-cutter, 71. Cruising, 8. Cup, 138, 141, 221. Curling-iron, 70. Cutter, Plane, 70, 76, 77, 138. Cutting-gage, 116, 140. Cutting tools, 51-83.

Dado, 56, 80. See also Joint, Dado. Dado-plane, 80. Dam, Splash, 20, 21. Decay, 32, 45. Decking logs, 13. Demonstration seats, 143. Derrick, Locomotive boom, 25. Destructive lumbering, causes of, 7. Die, 141. Die-holder, 141. Dividers, 113, 114, 137, 140. Dogs, log, 34. Donkey engine, 24. Door, 192, 193. Dovetail-saw, 66, 137, 139. Doweling, 127, 130, 152, 154, 175. Dowel-plate, 139, 140. Dowel-pointer, 83, 139, 175. Dowel-rods, 127, 175. Draw-bolt, 154. Draw-knife, 61, 139. Drawer, 166, 190-192. Guide, 196. Rail, 196. Runner, 196. Drawing-board, 186, 188, 205. Dray-road, 9, 13. Drier, 222. Drill. See Hand Drill. Twist, 84, 85, 138, 141. Drive, The log, 16-18. Duplicate parts, 155, 204. Duster, Bench, 121, 137, 139. Dynamite, 21.

Edge action, 52. Edged Tools, 51 ff. Edger, 35, 36, 37. Eight-square scale, 108. Egg-shell finish, 94, 216. Equipment, Chap. VI, 136-150. Escutcheon of lock, 133. Expansive-bit, 84, 87, 137, 140.

Falling beds, 24. Fastenings, Chap. V, 123-135. Felling trees, 10, 11, 23. Ferrule, 54. File, 90, 91, 137, 140, 142, 147. File-card, 91, 137, 140. Filing a saw, 67. Filletster, 80, 137, 139. Filler, 213, 221. Finishing, Wood, Chap. X, 209-223. Firmer-chisel, See under Chisel. Firmer-gouge, See under Gouge. Fish glue, 129. Fitter, 9. Flooring, 30, 42, 174, 201, 206. Flume, 21, 22. Foerstner Auger-bit, 84, 87. Foot-stool, 186. Fore-edge, 196. Fore-plane, See under Plane. Framed structures, 195-201. Framing-chisel, See under Chisel. Frog, Plane, 70, 75. Fuming with ammonia, 212, 214. Furring, 201.

Gages, 114-116. Chisel, 69. Cutting, 116, 140. Marking, 114-116, 136, 139, 203. Mortise, 116, 140, 161. Pencil, 115. Screw, 116, 117, 126. Slitting, 116. Twist-drill, 117. Wire, 116, 117. Gelatin, 128. Gimlet-bit, 84, 85, 137, 140. Glass-cutter, 138, 141. Glaziers points, 125. Glue, 128-131. Fish, 129. Liquid, 129. Preparation of, 129. Tests of, 129. Glue-pot, 129, 138, 141, 148. Gluing, Directions for, 130, 153, 167-170, 173, 189, 190. Golden Oak, 211. Gouge, 59, 60, 137, 140, 183. Grading of lumber, 36. Grain of wood, 60, 75, 172, 185, 186, 192, 205, 209, 210. Green, 209. Grinder or Hog, 41. Grinder, Empire Tool, 61, 120, 121, 137, 140. Grinding of tools. See sharpening. Grindstone, 117-120, 137, 140. Groove for drawer, 191. Groove for panel, 164. Groove, Triangular, 66, 156, 158, 159, 161.

Hack-saw, 137, 141. Hammer, 58, 94, 95, 96, 136, 139. Ball-peen, 142. Bell-faced, 95. Riveting, 141. Hand-drill, 104, 106, 138, 141. Handscrew, 101, 102, 138, 141, 170, 173. Handscrew, Iron, 102. See also Clamp, carriage-makers. Hatchet, 88. Hauling logs, 13, 15, 22, 23. Hinges, 131-133. Hinges, sizes of, 131. Hinging, Directions for, 132. Hog, 41. Holding tools, 97-105. Honeycombing, 46. Horse, 64, 65, 100. Horsehair, 200. House construction, 200, 201.

Ice-road, 13, 14. Impregnation of timber, 47. Iron acetate, 211, 212. Iron, Soldering. See copper.

Jack-ladder, 32. Jack-plane. See Plane. Jam, log, 18, 19, 21. Japan, 209, 222. Japanese, 69, 97, 189. Joinery, 151. Joint, Beaded, 175, No. 73, 182. Bevel-shoulder, 172, No. 67, 182. Bird's mouth, 172, No. 69, 182. Boat-builders, 152, No. 7, 177. Brace, 171, No. 65, 182. Brace, Housed, 172, No. 66, 182, 207. Bridle, 172, No. 68, 182. Butt, 155, No. 11, 177, 187, 206. Butt, Doweled, 152, No. 8, 153, 177, 194. Caulked, 157, No. 22, 178. Checked, 157, No. 21, 178. Cogged, 157, No. 22, 178. Corked, 157, No. 22, 178. Column, 169, No. 52, 181. Cross-lap, 155, No. 14, 177. Dado, 157, No. 25, 179, 191. Dado and rabbet, 158, No. 26, 179, 187. Dado, Dovetail, 158, No. 28, 179, 191, 206. Dado, housed, 157, No. 25, 179, 187, 207. Dado, tongue, and rabbet, 158, No. 27, 179, 191. Dovetail, Blind miter, 167, No. 51, 180, 187. Half-blind, 166, No. 49, 180. Lap, 166, No. 49, 180. Secret, 167, No. 51, 180, 187. Stopped lap, 166, No. 50, 180. Thru multiple, 165, No. 48, 180, 187, 206. Thru single, 165, No. 47, 180, 194. Doweled, 175, No. 75, 182. Draw-bolt, 154, No. 10, 177. Edge-to-edge, 172-174. End-lap, 156, No. 16, 178, 194, 206. Fillistered, 174, No. 71, 182. Fished, 151, No. 2, 177, 207. Forked tenon, 157, No. 23, 178. Gain, 159, No. 29, 179, 205. Dovetail, 158, No. 28, 179. Glue, 172, No. 70, 182. Glued-and-blocked, 155, No. 12, 177. Grooved, 157, No. 25, 179. Halved Tee, 156, No. 15, 178. Halving, Dovetail, 157, No. 18, 178. Halving, Beveled, 157, No. 19, 178. Halving, 155-157. See also Joint, Cross-lap, End-lap, Middle lap. Haunching, Table, 164, No. 43, 180. Taper, 164, No. 43, 180. Hopper, 155, No. 13, 177. Lap-dovetail, 157, No. 18, 178. Lapped and strapped, 151, No. 1, 177. Ledge, 157, No. 24, 179, 187. Ledge and miter, 171, No. 58, 181, 187, 206. Matched, 174, No. 72, 182. Middle-lap, 156, No. 15, 178. Miter, 167, No. 52, 181, 187, 194, 206. Double dovetail keyed, 171, No. 57, 181. Double tongue, 171, No. 60, 181. Doweled, 170, No. 53, 181. Lipped, 171, No. 58, 181. Slip dovetail, 171, No. 56, 181. Slip-feather, 170, No. 55, 181. Slip-key, 170, No. 55, 181. Spline, 170, No. 54, 181, 187. Stopped, 171, No. 59, 181. Tongue, 170, No. 54, 181. Mortise-and-tenon, 58, 127, 160-164, 172, 194. Bare-faced, 164, No. 44, 180, 185. Blind, 160, No. 32, 179, 193. Double, 163, No. 41, 180. Dovetail, 162, No. 37, 179. End, 164, No. 46, 180. Foxtail, 162, No. 36, 179. Haunched, 163, No. 42, 180, 193, 196, 207. Housed, 164, No. 45, 180. Keyed, 163, No. 39, 180, 185. Oblique, 172, No. 67, 182. Open, 164, No. 46, 180. Pinned, 162, No. 38, 180, 194, 207. Shoulder, 163, No. 40, 180. Stub, 160, No. 30, 179. Thru, 160, No. 31, 179. Tusk, 163, No. 40, 180, 207. Wedged, 128, 162, Nos. 34 and 35, 179. Notched, 157, No. 20, 178. Notch, Double, 157, No. 21, 178. Rabbet, 157, No. 24, 179, 174; No. 71, 182, 187. Rebated, See Joint, Rabbet. Rubbed, 172, No. 70, 173, 182, 205. Scarf, 151, Nos. 4, 5, 6 and 7, 177, 204, 207. Slip, 164, No. 46, 180, 194. Spliced, 151, Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 177, 204, 206, 207. Spline, 175, No. 74, 182. Squeezed, 172, No. 70, 174, 182. Stretcher, 171, No. 61, 181. Strut, 171, No. 62, 181, 207. Thrust, 171, Nos. 63 and 64, 181, 207. Tie, 171, Nos. 63 and 64, 181. Toe, 171, Nos. 63 and 64, 181. Toe-nailed, 154, No. 9, 177. Tongue-and-groove, 174, No. 72, 182. Jointer-plane, 72. Jointing a saw, 68. Joints, Chap. VII, 151-182. Beveled, 167-172. Butt, 152-155. Dovetail, 164-167, 204. Halving, 155-160, 203, 204. Heading, 151-152. Mortise-and-tenon, 58, 127, 160-164, 172. Joists, 201.

Kerf, 10, 30, 62, 65. Key-pin of lock, 133. Kiln, lumber, 44, 46. Knife, 61, 136, 139. Knife, Sloyd, 61. Knob, Plane, 70. Knock-down furniture, 163. Knuckle of hinge, 131.

Lac, insect, 215. Seed, 216. Shell, 216. Stick, 216. Lacquer, 218. Ladle, 141. Landlooking, 7. Lath-machines, 39, 41. Laths, 39, 49, 201. Lay-out, 152, 154, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 163, 165, 183, 191, 195, 203, 204. Leather, 59, 200. Leaves of hinge, 132. Level, Spirit, 116. Lever-cap, 70, 77. Lid of box, 188. Lighting of shop, 142. Live rollers, 35. Loading logs, 15. Lock, mortise, 134. Rim, 133, 134. Lockers, 138, 142, 146, 147. Locks, 133, 134. Locomotive, Geared, 26. Snow, 28. Boom-derrick, 25. Log-boom, 20, 21. Log-carriage, 34, 35, 36. Log-flipper, 34. Logging, Chap. I, 7-29. Log-kicker, 34. Log-slip, 34. Log-stop, 34. Logwood, 211, 212. Loss of tools, 144-146. Lumber, 48. Lumber yard, 36, 38. Lumberman's board rule, 111. Lumber mill, 32, 33.

M (1000 feet), 48, 49. Machine-screws, 127. Mahogany, 211. Mallet, 58, 96, 139. Marking-gage, 114-116, 136, 139, 203. Marking tools, 113-117. Matching-plane, 80, 139. Maul, 10. Measurements, 203. Measuring-tools, 105-117. Measuring wood, 13, 48, 49, 105-116. Mill-pond, 21, 32. Miter-box, 102, 137, 139, 194. Miter-clamp, 138, 141. Miter-square, 113, 137, 140. Molding-plane, 80. Monkey-wrench, 103, 138, 141. Mortise, 58, 160. Mortise-and-tenon. See Joint, Mortise-and-tenon. Mortise-chisel, 54, 55, 161. Mortise-gage, 116, 140, 161. Multiple parts, 204. Muntin, 192, 193. Muslin, 200, 221.

Nails, 123, 124. Flat-head, 124. Size of, 124. Wire, 123. Wrought, 123. Nailset, 97, 138, 141. Nigger, steam, 34, 35. Nippers, 103, 105, 138, 141.

Octagonal scale, 108. Oil, 65, 130, 221. Banana, 213, 216. Boiled, 209, 210, 222. Oiler, 137, 140. Oilstone, 58, 121, 137, 140. Ordering of lumber, 49.

Paint, 220-221. Panel construction, 164, 192-195, 205. Panel-iron, 127, 128. Paper, Building, 201. Paring, 55, 57. Paring-chisel, 54. Peavey, 18. Peen of hammer, 95. Picture-frame, 167-169, 194, 205. Clamp, 167, 168. Vise, 100, 101, 167, 194. Pigments, 209. Pillow, 77. Pincers, 103, 105. Pinch-dog, 102, 103, 141, 170. Pintle of hinge, 131. Plane, parts of, 70. Bed rock, 71, 75, 137, 139. Block, 77, 137, 139. Circular, 80. Fore, 72, 137, 139. Jack, 71, 136, 138. Jointer, 72. Matching, 80, 139. Molding, 80. Oriental, 69. Rabbet, 79, 137, 139, 194. Router, 83, 139, 160. Scraper, 79, 139. Scratch, 79, 130. Scrub, 78. Smooth, 72, 75, 137, 139. Tongue-and-groove, 80. Universal, 81, 82. Plane-iron, 70, 77. Planes, 69-82. Planing, Directions for, 74-76, 78. Order of, 72. Plate-rack, 185. Plates, metal, 127. Plate, wall, 201. Pliers, 103, 105, 138, 141. Plow, Snow, 13. Plug-cutter, 84, 86, 126, 140. Points in saw-teeth, 63. Polish, French, 217-218. Oil, 214. Varnish, 220. Wax, 214. Polishes, 214-220. Position of benches, 142. Posts, corner, 201. Potash, 150. Potassium bichromate, 130, 211, 212. Pounding tools, 94-97. Preservation of lumber, 47. See also seasoning. Principles of joinery, Chap. IX, 203-208. Pumice stone, 217.

Quarter-sawing, 42, 43.

Rabbet-plane, 79, 137, 139, 194. Raft, Giant, 27, 29. Rafter-table, 110. Rafters, 201. Rail, 186, 193. Rail, Drawer, 196. Railways, logging, 22, 26. Rasp, 91. Ratchet-brace, 103, 105, 137. Reamer, 84, 87. Rebate. See Rabbet. Red, Venetian, 210. Ribbon, Wall, 201. Ridge-pole, 201. Rift-sawing, 41. Rip-saw, 63, 137, 139. Rivet-set, 141. Road, Ice, 13, 14. Logging, 9, 13, 14. Monkeys, 13, 15. Tote, 8. Rollers, Dead, 36. Rollers, Live, 35. Roll-ways, 16. Rossing of bark, 24. Router-plane, 83, 139, 160. Rule, 105, 106, 137, 139, 203. Running foot, 49. Rust, 125. On tools, 147.

Sacking the rear, 16. Saddle seat, 60, 199. Sandpaper, 93, 221. Saw, 62-68. Selvage of lock, 133. Saw, Back, 65, 136, 138. Band, 30, 31, 32. Butting, 36. Circular, 30. Compass, 66, 139. Compression, 62. Coping, 139. Crosscut, 10, 64, 137, 139. Cut-off, 36, 39. Dovetail, 66, 137, 139. Gang, 30. Hack, 137, 141. Logging, 10, 23. Pulling, 10, 62, 67. Pushing, 62. Rip, 63, 137, 139. Tension, 62, 67. Turning, 67, 137, 139. Saw-carriage, 34, 35, 36. Sawdust, 39. Saw-filing and setting, 67. Saw-horse, 64, 65, 100. Sawing, Directions for, 64, 65. Saw-jointer, 68. Sawmill, 32, 33. Sawmilling, Chap. II, 30-44. Saw-set, 68. Saw-vise, 67, 68. Sawing into lengths, 11, 12, 24. Scaling logs, 13. Scrap-box, 187. Scraper, 76, 91, 137, 139. Scraper, Veneer, 91, 92, 137, 139. Scraper-plane, 79, 139. Scraper steel, 92, 137, 139. Scraping tools, 90-94. Scrap pile, 41, 42. Scratch-awl, 116, 140. Scratch-plane, 79, 130. Screen-hinge, 131. Screw-box, 139. Screwdriver, 104, 106, 138, 140. Bit, 105, 106, 138, 140. Screw-gage, 116, 117, 126. Screws, 125-127. Rule for using, 126. Sizes of, 126. Scribing, 112. Scrub-plane, 78. Seasoning, Chap. III, 45-48. Air, 45. Hot-air, 46. Kiln, 46. Oil, 47. Water, 47. Set of saw, 63, 67. Shank, 54. Sharpening of tools, The, 54, 58, 59, 60, 67, 76, 85, 86, 92-93, 117-121. Sharpening-tools, 117-121. Sheathing, 201. Shellac, 149, 215-218. Orange, 216. White, 216. Shelves, 185, 205. Shingles, 49, 201, 205. Shingle-machine, 39, 41. Shoe-pegs, 128. Shoulder of joint, 160. Shrinkage, 186, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 205. Siding, 201. Sienna, 209. Sighting, 71, 75. Silex, 214. Sill, 201. Sizing, 130. Skidder, steam, 25. Skidway, 9, 13, 24. Slab, 34, 35, 39. Slab-slasher, 39, 40. Slash-grain, 41, 42. Slash-sawing, 41. Sleigh haul, 13, 15. Sliding cut, 53, 56, 75, 78. Sliding T bevel, 113. Slipstone, 60, 121, 137, 140. Slip-tongue carts, 22. Smooth-plane, 72, 137, 139. Snips, 141. Snow-locomotive, 28. Soap, as a lubricant, 126. To prevent gluing, 130. Sole of Plane, 70. Sorting-jack, 21. Sorting-shed, 38. Spiriting off, 217. Splash-dam, 20, 21. Splitting tools, 51. Spokeshave, 82, 137, 139, 183. Stains, 209-213. Chemical, 211-213. Oil, 150, 209, 210. Spirit, 211. Water, 210, 211. Steel square, 107-111, 137, 140. Steel wool, 94, 211, 217, 221. Sticking, 45, 48. Stile, 193. Storing of lumber, 48. Stove, Gas, 138, 141, 148. Stove-bolts, 127. Straight cut, 53. Strength of joints, 206. Strike of lock, 133. Stringer, 196. Stropping, 59. Studding, 201. Superposition, Method of, 156, 158, 159, 163, 166, 204. Survey of forest land, 7. Swamper, 12. Sweep of brace, 103.

Table-hinge, 131. Table construction, 130, 164, 195. See also Table Top. Table top, 172, 175, 197. Taboret, 169, 170, 186. Tacks, 124. Tacks, double-pointed, 102, 124. Tang, 54. Tank, 14. Taper of cutting tools, 52. Tee-hinge, 131. Teeth of saw, 63. Tenon, 160, 206. See also Mortise and tenon. Joint, Mortise and tenon. Tenon-saw, 65. Toe of Plane, 70, 71. Throat of Plane, 70. Tie-beams, 201. Timber, 48. Tonguing-and-grooving-plane, 80. Tool-grinder, 61, 120, 121, 137, 140. Tool-holder for grinding, 118-120. Tool-rack, 143, 144. Tools, Chap. IV, pp. 51-122. Tools, logging, 10. Traction engine, 28. Tools, Loss of, 144-146. Tractor, 28. Trammel-points, 114, 140. Transfer, Lumber, 36, 37. Transportation of logs, 13, 15, 16 ff, 23. Travoy, 9. Tray, 60, 183. Triangle, Blackboard, 141. Trimmer, 36, 38. Trimming logs, 12. Tripoli, 121, 147. Trolley for logs, 25. Try-square, 112, 136, 139, 140, 203. Tumbler of lock, 133. Turning-saw, 67, 137, 139, 183. Turpentine, 209, 210, 214, 222. Tusk. See Joint, mortise-and-tenon, tusk. Twist-bit, 84, 85. Twist-drill, 84, 85, 138. Twist-drill-gage, 117.

Umber, 209. Undercut, 206. Universal plane, 81. Unjoined pieces, 183, 184. Upholstering, 199-201.

Valuation survey, 7. Van, Logging camp, 9. Varnish, 149, 215-220. Copal, 218-220. Cremona, 218. Spirit, 215-218. Varnishing, Process of, 219. Vaseline, 147. Veining tools, 140. Veneer-scraper, 91, 92, 137, 139. Vermilion, 210. Vise, 99, 138. Iron, 138, 141.

Walnut, 210. Waney boards, 36. Warping, 48. Washer-cutter, 87, 140. Waste, cotton, 209, 221. Waste, sawmill, 39. Waterproof glue, 130. Water-stains, 210. Water-table, 201. Wax, 214. Webbing, 200. Wedge, Plane, 69, 70. Wedge, 10, 51, 52, 128, 162.

## Action 51, 52.

Whetting tools, 58. Wind in board, 74. Winding sticks, 74, 113. Window-sash, 194. Wire edge, 59. Wire-gage, 116, 117. Wooden structures, types of, Chap. VIII, 183-202. Working edge, 72, 115. Working face, 72, 115. Wrench, 103. See also Monkey-wrench.

Yarding logs, 24, 26, 27. Yard-stick, 138, 141. Yellow, Chrome, 209.

* * * * *

Transcriber's Note:

There is no Fig. 19; and Fig. 47 has no caption.

Some of the illustrations were on numbered pages which contained no text.

Illustrations have been moved to more relevant places, and extraneous page numbers removed.

(sundry commas added to Bibliograpy, as needed for consistency.)

ERRATA, and [sic]

Page 13: 'thoroly' [sic] period spelling for 'thououghly'.

Page 16: 'If a horse fall ...' [sic] 'If a horse (should) fall ...'

Page 47: 'eargerly' corrected to 'eagerly'. (They are eagerly sought after...).

Page 47: 'chlorid' corrected to 'chloride'. (zinc chloride).

Page 58: 'splinttering' corrected to 'splintering'.

Page 63: 'especally' corrected to 'especially'.

Page 90: 'varities' corrected to 'varieties'.

Page 160: 'shouders' corrected to 'shoulders'. (Locate accurately with a knife point the shoulders...).

Page 162: Replaced two gaps in text with 'wedges' and 'No. 34'. (_No. 35. A wedged_ ... by driving the wedges into saw kerfs in the tenon instead of along its sides as in No. 34.)

Page 189: 'Fig. 285, E' corrected to 'Fig. 285, C' (The cover may have cleats on its underside, Fig. 285, C, which fit just inside the box and keep the top in place.)

Page 219: 'funiture' corrected to 'furniture'. (...some are for floors, some for furniture,...)