BOOK XXI
.
AN ACCOUNT OF FLOWERS, AND THOSE USED FOR CHAPLETS MORE
## PARTICULARLY.
1. The nature of flowers and gardens 304
2. Garlands and chaplets _ib._
3. Who invented the art of making garlands: when they first received the name of “corollæ,” and for what reason 305
4. Who was the first to give chaplets with leaves of silver and gold. Lemnisci: who was the first to emboss them 306
5. The great honour in which chaplets were held by the ancients _ib._
6. The severity of the ancients in reference to chaplets 307
7. A citizen decked with flowers by the Roman people 308
8. Plaited chaplets. Needle-work chaplets. Nard-leaf chaplets. Silken chaplets _ib._
9. Authors who have written on flowers. An anecdote relative to Queen Cleopatra and chaplets 309
10. The rose: twelve varieties of it 310
11. The lily: four varieties of it 314
12. The narcissus: three varieties of it 316
13. How seed is stained to produce tinted flowers 317
14. How the several varieties of the violet are respectively produced, grown, and cultivated. The three different colours of the violet. The five varieties of the yellow violet _ib._
15. The caltha. The scopa regia 318
16. The bacchar. The combretum. Asarum _ib._
17. Saffron: in what places it grows best. What flowers were known at the time of the Trojan war 319
18. The nature of odours 321
19. The iris 324
20. The saliunca 325
21. The polium or teuthrion _ib._
22. Fabrics which rival the colour of flowers 326
23. The amaranth 327
24. The cyanos: the holochrysos 328
25. The petilium: the bellio _ib._
26. The chrysocome, or chrysitis 329
27. Shrubs, the blossoms of which are used for chaplets _ib._
28. Shrubs, the leaves of which are used for chaplets _ib._
29. The melothron, spiræa, and origanum. The oneorum or cassia; two varieties of it. The melissophyllum or melittæna. The melilote, otherwise known as Campanian garland 330
30. Three varieties of trefoil: the myophonum _ib._
31. Two varieties of thyme. Plants produced from blossoms and not from seed 331
32. Conyza 332
33. The flower of Jove. The hemerocalles. The helenium. The phlox. Plants in which the branches and roots are odoriferous 333
34. The abrotonum. The adonium: two varieties of it. Plants which reproduce themselves. The leucanthemum 334
35. Two varieties of the amaracus _ib._
36. The nyctegreton, or chenamyche, or nyctalops 335
37. Where the melilote is found _ib._
38. The succession in which flowers blossom: the spring flowers. The violet. The chaplet anemone or phrenion. The herb œnanthe. The melanthium. The helichrysos. The gladiolus. The hyacinth 336
39. The summer flowers—the lychnis: the tiphyon. Two varieties of the pothos. Two varieties of the orsinum. The vincapervinca or chamædaphne—a plant which is an ever-green 337
40. The duration of life in the various kinds of flowers 339
41. Plants which should be sown among flowers for bees. The cerintha _ib._
42. The maladies of bees, and the remedies for them 340
43. The food of bees _ib._
44. Poisoned honey, and the remedies to be employed by those who have eaten it 341
45. Maddening honey 342
46. Honey that flies will not touch 343
47. Beehives, and the attention which should be paid to them 344
48. That bees are sensible of hunger 345
49. The method of preparing wax. The best kinds of wax. Punic wax _ib._
50. Plants which grow spontaneously: the use made of them by various nations, their nature, and remarkable facts connected with them. The strawberry, the tamnus, and the butcher’s broom. The batis, two varieties of it. The meadow parsnip. The hop 347
51. The colocasia _ib._
52. The cichorium. The anthalium or anticellium, or anthyllum. The œtum. The arachidna. The aracos. The candryala. The hypochœris. The caucalis. The anthriscum. The scandix. The tragopogon. The parthenium or leucanthes, amaracus, perdicium, or muralis. The trychnum or strychnum, halicacabum, callias, dorycnion, manicon, peritton, neuras, morio, or moly. The corchorus. The aphace. The acynopos. The epipetron. Plants which never flower. Plants which are always in flower 348
53. Four varieties of the cnecos 350
54. Plants of a prickly nature: the erynge, the glycyrrhiza, the tribulus, the anonis, the pheos or stœbe, and the hippophaes _ib._
55. Four varieties of the nettle. The lamium and the scorpio 351
56. The carduus, the acorna, the phonos, the leucanthos, the chalceos, the cnecos, the polyacanthos, the onopyxos, the helxine, the scolymos, the chamæleon, the tetralix, and acanthice mastiche 353
57. The cactos: the pternix, pappos, and ascalias 354
58. The tribulus: the anonis 355
59. Plants classified according to their stems: the coronopus, the anchusa, the anthemis, the phyllanthes, the crepis, and the lotus _ib._
60. Plants classified according to their leaves. Plants which never lose their leaves: plants which blossom a little at a time: the heliotropium and the adiantum, the remedies derived from which will be mentioned in the following