CHAPTER XVI
AFTER THE DEATH OF THE MAID (_continued_)--THE ROUEN JUDGES AT THE COUNCIL OF BALE AND THE PRAGMATIC SANCTION--THE REHABILITATION TRIAL--THE MAID OF SARMAIZE--THE MAID OF LE MANS
From year to year the Council of Bale drew out its deliberations in a series of sessions well nigh as lengthy as the tail of the dragon in the Apocalypse. Its manner of reforming at once the Church, its members, and its head struck terror into the hearts of the sovereign Pontiff and the Sacred College. Sorrowfully did AEneus Sylvius exclaim, "There is assembled at Bale, not the Church of God indeed, but the synagogue of Satan."[2684] But though uttered by a Roman cardinal, even such an expression can hardly be termed violent when applied to the synod which established free elections to bishoprics, suppressed the right of bestowing the pallium, of exacting annates and payments to the papal chancery, and which was endeavouring to restore the papacy to evangelical poverty. The King of France and the Emperor, on the other hand, looked favourably on the Council when it essayed to bridle the ambition and greed of the Bishop of Rome.
[Footnote 2684: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. iii, p. 335.]
Now among the Fathers who displayed the greatest zeal in the reformation of the Church were the masters and doctors of the University of Paris, those who had sat in judgment on Jeanne the Maid, and notably Maitre Nicolas Loiseleur and Maitre Thomas de Courcelles. Charles VII convoked an assembly of the clergy of the realm in order to examine the canons of Bale. The assembly met in the Sainte-Chapelle at Bourges, on the 1st of May, 1438. Master Thomas de Courcelles, appointed delegate by the Council, there conferred with the Lord Bishop of Castres. Now in 1438 the Bishop of Castres was that elegant humanist, that zealous counsellor of the crown, who, in style truly Ciceronian, complained in his letters that so closely was he bound to his glebe, the court, that no time remained to him to visit his spouse.[2685] He was none other than that Gerard Machet, the King's confessor, who had, in 1429, along with the clerks at Poitiers, pleaded the authority of prophecy in favour of the Maid, in whom he found nought but sincerity and goodness.[2686] Maitre Thomas de Courcelles at Rouen had urged the Maid's being tortured and delivered to the secular arm.[2687] At the Bourges assembly the two churchmen agreed touching the supremacy of General Councils, the freedom of episcopal elections, the suppression of annates and the rights of the Gallican Church. At that moment it was not likely that either one or the other remembered the poor Maid. From the deliberations of this assembly, in which Maitre Thomas played an important part, there issued the solemn edict promulgated by the King on the 7th of July, 1438; the Pragmatic Sanction. By this edict the canons of Bale became the constitution of the Church of France.[2688]
[Footnote 2685: Le P. Ayroles, _La Pucelle devant l'eglise de son temps_, p. 10.]
[Footnote 2686: _Trial_, vol. iii, p. 565.]
[Footnote 2687: _Ibid._, vol. i, p. 403.]
[Footnote 2688: _Ordonnances_, vol. xiii, pp. 267, 291. _Preuves des libertes de l'eglise gallicane_, edited by Lenglet-Dufresnoy, second part, p. 6. De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. iii, pp. 353, 361. N. Arlos, _Histoire de la pragmatique sanction, etc._]
The Emperor also agreed to the reforms of Bale. So audacious did the Fathers become that they summoned Pope Eugenius to appear before their tribunal. When he refused to obey their summons, they deposed him, declaring him to be disobedient, obstinate, rebellious, a breaker of rules, a perturber of ecclesiastical unity, a perjurer, a schismatic, a hardened heretic, a squanderer of the treasures of the Church, scandalous, simoniacal, pernicious and damnable.[2689] Such was the condemnation of the Holy Fathers pronounced among other doctors by Maitre Jean Beaupere, Maitre Thomas de Courcelles and Maitre Nicolas Loiseleur, who had all three so sternly reproached Jeanne with having refused to submit to the Pope.[2690] Maitre Nicolas had been extremely energetic throughout the Maid's trial, playing alternately the parts of the Lorraine prisoner and Saint Catherine; when she was led to the stake he had run after her like a madman.[2691] This same Maitre Nicolas now displayed great activity in the Council wherein he attained to some eminence. He upheld the view that the General Council canonically convoked, was superior to the Pope and in a position to depose him. And albeit this canon was a mere master of arts, he made such an impression on the Fathers at Bale that in 1439, they despatched him to act as juris-consult at the Diet of Mainz. Meanwhile his attitude was strongly displeasing to the chapter which had sent him as deputy to the Council. The canons of Rouen sided with the Sovereign Pontiff and against the Fathers, on this point joining issue with the University of Paris. They disowned their delegate and sent to recall him on the 28th of July, 1438.[2692]
[Footnote 2689: Hefele, _Histoire de l'Eglise gallicane_, vol. xx, p. 357. De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. iii, p. 363. De Beaurepaire, _Les etats de Normandie sous la domination anglaise_, pp. 66, 67, 185, 188.]
[Footnote 2690: Du Boulay, _Hist. Universitatis_, vol. v, p. 431. De Beaurepaire, _Notes sur les juges_, p. 28.]
[Footnote 2691: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 10, 12, 332, 362; vol. iii, pp. 60, 133, 141, 145, 156, 162, 173, 181.]
[Footnote 2692: De Beaurepaire, _Notes sur les juges et assesseurs du proces de condamnation_, pp. 78, 82.]
Maitre Thomas de Courcelles, one of those who had declared the Pope disobedient, obstinate, rebellious and the rest, was nominated one of the commissioners to preside over the election of a new pope, and, like Loiseleur, a delegate to the Diet of Mainz. But, unlike Loiseleur, he was not disowned by those who had appointed him, for he was the deputy of the University of Paris who recognised the Pope of the Council, Felix, to be the true Father of the Faithful.[2693] In the assembly of the French clergy held at Bourges in the August of 1440, Maitre Thomas spoke in the name of the Fathers of Bale. He discoursed for two hours to the complete satisfaction of the King.[2694] Charles VII, while remaining loyal to Pope Eugenius, maintained the Pragmatic Sanction. Maitre Thomas de Courcelles was henceforth one of the pillars of the French Church.
[Footnote 2693: J. Quicherat, _Apercus nouveaux_, p. 106.]
[Footnote 2694: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. iii, p. 372.]
Meanwhile the English government had declared for the Pope and against the Council.[2695] My Lord Pierre Cauchon, who had become Bishop of Lisieux, was Henry VI's ambassador at the Council. And at Bale a somewhat unpleasant experience befell him. By reason of his translation to the see of Lisieux he owed Rome annates to the amount of 400 golden florins. In Germany he was informed by the Pope's Treasurer that by his failure to pay this sum, despite the long delays granted to him, he had incurred excommunication, and that being excommunicate, by presuming to celebrate divine service he had committed irregularity.[2696] Such accusations must have caused him considerable annoyance. But after all, such occurrences were frequent and of no great consequence. On churchmen these thunderbolts fell but lightly, doing them no great hurt.
[Footnote 2695: De Beaurepaire, _Les etats de Normandie sous la domination anglaise_, pp. 66, 67, 185, 188. De Beaucourt, _loc. cit._ p. 362.]
[Footnote 2696: De Beaurepaire, _loc. cit._, p. 17. _Notes sur les juges et assesseurs du proces de condamnation_, p. 117. _Recherches sur le proces_, p. 124.]
From 1444, the realm of France, disembarrassed alike of adversaries and of defenders, was free to labour, to work at various trades, to engage in commerce and to grow rich. In the intervals between wars and during truces, King Charles's government, by the interchange of natural products and of merchandise, also, we may add, by the abolition of tolls and dues on the Rivers Seine, Oise, and Loire, effected the actual conquest of Normandy. Thus, when the time for nominal conquest came, the French had only to take possession of the province. So easy had this become, that in the rapid campaign of 1449,[2697] even the Constable was not beaten, neither was the Duke of Alencon. In his royal and peaceful manner Charles VII resumed possession of his town of Rouen, just as twenty years before he had taken Troyes and Reims, as the result of an understanding with the townsfolk and in return for an amnesty and the grant of rights and privileges to the burghers. He entered the city on Monday, the 10th of November, 1449.
[Footnote 2697: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. v, ch. i.]
The French government felt itself strong enough even to attempt the reconquest of that essentially English province, Aquitaine. In 1451, my Lord the Bastard, now Count of Dunois, took possession of the fortress of Blaye. Bordeaux and Bayonne surrendered in the same year. In the following manner did the Lord Bishop of Le Mans celebrate these conquests, worthy of the majesty of the most Christian King.
"Maine, Normandy, Aquitaine, these goodly provinces have returned to their allegiance to the King. Almost without the shedding of French blood hath this been accomplished. It hath not been necessary to overthrow the ramparts of many strongly walled towns, or to demolish their fortifications or for the inhabitants to suffer either pillage or murder."[2698]
[Footnote 2698: Lanery d'Arc, _Memoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d'Arc_, p. 249.]
Indeed Normandy and Maine were quite content at being French once more. The town of Bordeaux was alone in regretting the English, whose departure spelt its ruin. It revolted in 1452; and then after considerable difficulty was reconquered once and for all.
King Charles, henceforth rich and victorious, now desired to efface the stain inflicted on his reputation by the sentence of 1431. He wanted to prove to the whole world that it was no witch who had conducted him to his coronation. He was now eager to appeal against the condemnation of the Maid. But this condemnation had been pronounced by the church, and the Pope alone could order it to be cancelled. The King hoped to bring the Pope to do this, although he knew it would not be easy. In the March of 1450, he proceeded to a preliminary inquiry;[2699] and matters remained in that position until the arrival in France of Cardinal d'Estouteville, the legate of the Holy See. Pope Nicolas had sent him to negotiate with the King of France a peace with England and a crusade against the Turks. Cardinal d'Estouteville, who belonged to a Norman family, was just the man to discover the weak points in Jeanne's trial. In order to curry favour with Charles, he, as legate, set on foot a new inquiry at Rouen, with the assistance of Jean Brehal, of the order of preaching friars, the Inquisitor of the Faith in the kingdom of France. But the Pope did not approve of the legate's intervention;[2700] and for three years the revision was not proceeded with. Nicolas V would not allow it to be thought that the sacred tribunal of the most holy Inquisition was fallible and had even once pronounced an unjust sentence. And there existed at Rome a stronger reason for not interfering with the trial of 1431: the French demanded revision; the English were opposed to it; and the Pope did not wish to annoy the English, for they were then just as good and even better Catholics than the French.[2701]
[Footnote 2699: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 1, 22.]
[Footnote 2700: _Gallia Christiana_, vol. iii, col. 1129 and vol. xi, col. 90. De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. v, p. 219. Le P. Ayroles, _La Pucelle devant l'eglise de son temps_, ch. vi.]
[Footnote 2701: De Beaurepaire, _Les etats de Normandie sous la domination anglaise_, pp. 185, 188.]
In order to relieve the Pope from embarrassment and set him at his ease, the government of Charles VII invented an expedient: the King was not to appear in the suit; his place was to be taken by the family of the Maid. Jeanne's mother, Isabelle Romee de Vouthon, who lived in retirement at Orleans,[2702] and her two sons, Pierre and Jean du Lys, demanded the revision.[2703] By this legal artifice the case was converted from a political into a private suit. At this juncture Nicolas V died, on the 24th of March, 1455. His successor, Calixtus III, a Borgia, an old man of seventy-eight, by a rescript dated the 11th of June, 1455, authorised the institution of proceedings. To this end he appointed Jean Jouvenel des Ursins, Archbishop of Reims, Guillaume Chartier, Bishop of Paris, and Richard Olivier, Bishop of Coutances, who were to act conjointly with the Grand Inquisitor of France.[2704]
[Footnote 2702: _Trial_, vol. v, p. 276.]
[Footnote 2703: _Ibid._, vol. ii, pp. 108, 112.]
[Footnote 2704: _Ibid._, p. 95. Le P. Ayroles, _La Pucelle devant l'eglise de son temps_, p. 607. J. Belon and F. Balme, _Jean Brehal, grand inquisiteur de France et la rehabilitation de Jeanne d'Arc_, Paris, 1893, in 4to.]
From the first it was agreed that certain of those concerned in the original trial were not now to be involved, "for they had been deceived." Notably it was admitted that the Daughter of Kings, the Mother of Learning, the University of Paris, had been led into error by a fraudulent indictment consisting of twelve articles. It was agreed that the whole responsibility should be thrown on to the Bishop of Beauvais and the Promoter, Guillaume d'Estivet, who were both deceased. The precaution was necessary. Had it not been taken, certain doctors very influential with the King and very dear to the Church of France would have been greatly embarrassed.
On the 7th of November, 1455, Isabelle Romee and her two sons, followed by a long procession of innumerable ecclesiasties, laymen, and worthy women, approached the church of Notre Dame in Paris to demand justice from the prelates and papal commissioners.[2705]
[Footnote 2705: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 82, 92.]
Informers and accusers in the trial of the late Jeanne were summoned to appear at Rouen on the 12th of December. Not one came.[2706] The heirs of the late Messire Pierre Cauchon declined all liability for the deeds of their deceased kinsman, and touching the civil responsibility, they pleaded the amnesty granted by the King on the reconquest of Normandy.[2707] As had been expected, the proceedings went forward without any obstacle or even any discussion.
[Footnote 2706: _Ibid._, pp. 92, 112.]
[Footnote 2707: _Ibid._, pp. 193, 196.]
Inquiries were instituted at Domremy, at Orleans, at Paris, at Rouen.[2708] The friends of Jeannette's childhood, Hauviette, Mengette, either married or grown old; Jeannette, the wife of Thevenin; Jeannette, the widow of Estellin; Jean Morel of Greux; Gerardin of Epinal, the Burgundian, and his wife Isabellette, who had been godmother to Jacques d'Arc's daughter; Perrin, the bell-ringer; Jeanne's uncle Lassois; the Leroyer couple and a score of peasants from Domremy all appeared. Bertrand de Poulengy, then sixty-three and gentleman of the horse to the King of France, was heard; likewise Jean de Novelompont, called Jean de Metz, who had been raised to noble rank and was now living at Vaucouleurs, where he held some military office. Gentlemen and ecclesiasties of Lorraine and Champagne were examined.[2709] Burgesses of Orleans were also called, and notably Jean Luillier, the draper, who in June, 1429, had furnished fine Brussels cloth of purple for Jeanne's gown and ten years later had been present at the banquet given by the magistrates of Orleans in honour of the Maid who, as it was believed, had escaped burning.[2710] Jean Luillier was the most intelligent of the witnesses; as for the others, of whom there were about two dozen townsmen and townswomen, of between fifty and sixty years of age, they did little but repeat his evidence.[2711] He spoke well; but the fear of the English dazzled him and he saw many more of them than there had ever been.
[Footnote 2708: _Ibid._, pp. 291, 463; vol. iii, pp. 1, 202.]
[Footnote 2709: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 378, 463.]
[Footnote 2710: _Ibid._, vol. v, pp. 112, 113, 331.]
[Footnote 2711: _Ibid._, vol. ii, pp. 23, 35.]
Touching the examination at Poitiers there were called an advocate, a squire, a man of business, Francois Garivel, who was fifteen at the time of Jeanne's interrogation.[2712] The only cleric summoned was Brother Seguin of Limousin.[2713] The clerics of Poitiers were first as disinclined to risk themselves in this matter as were those of Rouen; a burnt child dreads the fire. La Hire and Poton of Saintrailles were dead. The survivors of Orleans and of Patay were called; the Bastard Jean, now Count of Dunois and Longueville, who gave his evidence like a clerk;[2714] the old Sire de Gaucourt, who in his eighty-fifth year made some effort of memory, and for the rest gave the same evidence as the Count of Dunois;[2715] the Duke of Alencon, on the point of making an alliance with the English and of procuring a powder with which to dry up the King,[2716] but who was none the less talkative and vain-glorious;[2717] Jeanne's steward, Messire Jean d'Aulon, who had become a knight, a King's Counsellor and Seneschal of Beaucaire,[2718] and the little page Louis de Coutes, now a noble of forty-two.[2719] Brother Pasquerel too was called; even in his old-age he remained superficial and credulous.[2720] And there was heard also the widow of Maitre Rene de Bouligny, Demoiselle Marguerite la Toroulde, who delicately and with a good grace related what she remembered.[2721]
[Footnote 2712: _Ibid._, pp. 1, 19.]
[Footnote 2713: _Ibid._, vol. iii, p. 202.]
[Footnote 2714: _Ibid._, pp. 2 _et seq._]
[Footnote 2715: _Ibid._, p. 16.]
[Footnote 2716: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. vi, p. 43. P. Dupuy, _Histoire des Templiers_, 1658, in 4to. Cimber and Danjou, _Archives curieuses de l'histoire de France_, vol. i, pp. 137-157. (See also, Michelet, History of France, translated by G.H. Smith, vol. ii, p. 206.) Note--Alencon says to his English valet: "If I could have a powder that I wot of and put it in the vessel in which the King's sheets are washed, he should sleep sound enough [_dormir tout sec_]." _Trial of Alencon_ (W.S.).]
[Footnote 2717: _Trial_, vol. iii, p. 90.]
[Footnote 2718: _Ibid._, p. 209.]
[Footnote 2719: _Ibid._, p. 65.]
[Footnote 2720: _Ibid._, p. 100.]
[Footnote 2721: _Ibid._, p. 85.]
Care was taken not to summon the Lord Archbishop of Rouen, Messire Raoul Roussel, as a witness of the actual incidents of the trial, albeit he had sat in judgment on the Maid, side by side with my Lord of Beauvais. As for the Vice Inquisitor of Religion, Brother Jean Lemaistre, he might have been dead, so completely was he ignored. Nevertheless, certain of the assessors were called: Jean Beaupere, canon of Paris, of Besancon and of Rouen; Jean de Mailly, Lord Bishop of Noyon; Jean Lefevre, Bishop of Demetriade; divers canons of Rouen, sundry ecclesiastics who appeared some unctuous, others stern and frowning;[2722] and, finally, the most illustrious Thomas de Courcelles, who, after having been the most laborious and assiduous collaborator of the Bishop of Beauvais, recalled nothing when he came before the commissioners for the revision.[2723]
[Footnote 2722: _Ibid._, vol. ii, pp. 20, 21, 161; vol. iii, pp. 43, 53, _passim_.]
[Footnote 2723: _Trial_, vol. iii, pp. 44, 56. J. Quicherat, _Apercus nouveaux_, p. 106.]
[Illustration: THE BASTARD OF ORLEANS
_From an old engraving_]
Among those who had been most zealous to procure Jeanne's condemnation were those who were now most eagerly labouring for her rehabilitation. The registrars of the Lord Bishop of Beauvais, the Boisguillaumes, the Manchons, the Taquels, all those ink-pots of the Church who had been used for her death sentence, worked wonders when that sentence had to be annulled; all the zeal they had displayed in the institution of the trial they now displayed in its revision; they were prepared to discover in it every possible flaw.[2724]
[Footnote 2724: _Ibid._, vol. ii, pp. 161; vol. iii, pp. 41, 42, 195.]
And in what a poor and paltry tone did these benign fabricators of legal artifices denounce the cruel iniquity which they had themselves perpetrated in due form! Among them was the Usher, Jean Massieu, a dissolute priest,[2725] of scandalous morals, but a kindly fellow for all that, albeit somewhat crafty and the inventor of a thousand ridiculous stories against Cauchon, as if the old Bishop were not black enough already.[2726] The revision commissioners produced a couple of sorry monks, Friar Martin Ladvenu and Friar Isambart de la Pierre, from the monastery of the preaching friars at Rouen. They wept in a heart-rending manner as they told of the pious end of that poor Maid, whom they had declared a heretic, then a relapsed heretic, and had finally burned alive. There was not one of the clerks charged with the examination of Jeanne but was touched to the heart at the memory of so saintly a damsel.[2727]
[Footnote 2725: De Beaurepaire, _Notes sur les juges_.]
[Footnote 2726: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 329 _et seq._]
[Footnote 2727: _Trial_, vol. ii, pp. 363 _et seq._, 434 _et seq._]
Huge piles of memoranda drawn up by doctors of high repute, canonists, theologians and jurists, both French and foreign, were furnished for the trial. Their chief object was to establish by scholastic reasoning that Jeanne had submitted her deeds and sayings to the judgment of the Church and of the Holy Father. These doctors proved that the judges of 1431 had been very subtle and Jeanne very simple. Doubtless, it was the best way to make out that she had submitted to the Church; but they over-reached themselves and made her too simple. According to them she was absolutely ignorant, almost an idiot, understanding nothing, imagining that the clerics who examined her in themselves alone constituted the Church Militant. This had been the impression of the doctors on the French side in 1429. _La Pucelle_, "_une puce_," said the Lord Archbishop of Embrun.[2728]
[Footnote 2728: Lanery d'Arc, _Memoires et consultations en faveur de Jeanne d'Arc_, p. 576.]
But there was another reason for making her appear as weak and imbecile as possible. Such a representation exalted the power of God, who through her had restored the King of France to his inheritance.
Declarations confirming this view of the Maid were obtained by the commissioners from most of the witnesses. She was simple, she was very simple, she was absolutely simple, they repeated one after the other. And they all in the same words added: "Yes, she was simple, save in deeds of war, wherein she was well skilled."[2729] Then the captains said how clever she was in placing cannon, albeit they knew well to the contrary. But how could she have failed to be well versed in deeds of war, since God himself led her against the English? And in this possession of the art of war by an unskilled girl lay the miracle.
[Footnote 2729: _Trial_, vol. iii, pp. 32, 87, 100, 116, 119, 120, 126, 128 _et passim_.]
The Grand Inquisitor of France, Jean Brehal, in his reminiscence enumerates the reasons for believing that Jeanne came from God. One of the proofs which seems to have struck him most forcibly is that her coming is foretold in the prophecies of Merlin, the Magician.[2730]
[Footnote 2730: Lanery d'Arc, _Memoires et consultations_, p. 402.]
Believing that he could prove from one of Jeanne's answers that her first apparitions were in her thirteenth year, Brother Jean Brehal argues that the fact is all the more credible seeing that this number 13, composed of 3, which indicates the Blessed Trinity, and of 10, which expresses the perfect observation of the Decalogue, is marvellously favourable to divine visitations.[2731]
[Footnote 2731: _Trial_, vol. iii, p. 398.]
On the 16th of June, 1455, the sentence of 1431 was declared unjust, unfounded, iniquitous. It was nullified and pronounced invalid.
Thus was honour restored to the messenger of the coronation, thus was her memory reconciled with the Church. But that abundant source whence on the appearance of this child there had flowed so many pious legends and heroic fables was henceforth dried up. The rehabilitation trial added little to the popular legend. It rendered it possible to connect with Jeanne's death the usual incidents narrated of the martyrdom of virgins, such as the dove taking flight from the stake, the name of Jesus written in letters of flame, the heart intact in the ashes.[2732] The miserable deaths of the wicked judges were insisted upon. True it is that Jean d'Estivet, the Promoter, was found dead in a dove-cot,[2733] that Nicolas Midi was attacked by leprosy, that Pierre Cauchon died when he was being shaved.[2734] But, among those who aided and accompanied the Maid, more than one came to a bad end. Sire Robert de Baudricourt, who had sent Jeanne to the King, died in prison, excommunicated for having laid waste the lands of the chapter of Toul.[2735] The Marechal de Rais was sentenced to death.[2736] The Duke of Alencon, convicted of high treason, was pardoned only to fall under a new condemnation and to die in captivity.[2737]
[Footnote 2732: _Trial_, vol. iii, p. 355.]
[Footnote 2733: _Ibid._, p. 162.]
[Footnote 2734: _Gallia Christiana_, vol. xi, col. 793.]
[Footnote 2735: _Histoire ecclesiastique et politique de la ville et du diocese de Toul_, 1707, p. 529.]
[Footnote 2736: Abbe Bossard, _Gilles de Rais_, pp. 333 _et seq._]
[Footnote 2737: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. vi, p. 197.]
Two years after Charles VII had ordered the preliminary inquiry into the trial of 1431, a woman, following the example of la Dame des Armoises, passed herself off as the Maid Jeanne.
At this time there lived in the little town of Sarmaize, between the Marne and the Meuse, two cousins german of the Maid, Poiresson and Perinet, both sons of the late Jean de Vouthon, Isabelle Romee's brother, who in his lifetime had been a thatcher by trade. Now, on a day in 1452, it befell that the cure of Notre Dame de Sarmaize, Simon Fauchard, being in the market-house of the town, there came to him a woman dressed as a youth who asked him to play at tennis with her.
He consented, and when they had begun their game the woman said to him, "Say boldly that you have played tennis with the Maid." And at these words Simon Fauchard was right joyful.
The woman afterwards went to the house of Perinet, the carpenter, and said, "I am the Maid; I come to visit my Cousin Henri."
Perinet, Poiresson, and Henri de Vouthon made her good cheer and kept her in their house, where she ate and drank as she pleased.[2738]
[Footnote 2738: Inquiry of 1476, in G. de Braux and E. de Bouteiller, _Nouvelles recherches_, p. 10.]
Then, when she had had enough, she went away.
Whence came she? No one knows. Whither did she go? She may probably be recognised in an adventuress, who not long afterwards, with her hair cut short and a hood on her head, wearing doublet and hose, wandered through Anjou, calling herself Jeanne the Maid. While the doctors and masters, engaged in the revision of the trial, were gathering evidence of Jeanne's life and death from all parts of the kingdom, this false Jeanne was finding credence with many folk. But she became involved in difficulties with a certain Dame of Saumoussay,[2739] and was cast into the prison of Saumur, where she lay for three months. At the end of this time, having been banished from the dominions of the good King Rene, she married one Jean Douillet; and, by a document dated the 3rd day of February, 1456, she received permission to return to Saumur, on condition of living there respectably and ceasing to wear man's apparel.[2740]
[Footnote 2739: Or Chaumussay. Lecoy de la Marche, _Une fausse Jeanne d'Arc_, Paris, 1871, in 8vo, p. 19.]
[Footnote 2740: Lecoy de la Marche, _Une fausse Jeanne d'Arc_, in _Revue des questions historiques_, October, 1871, p. 576. _Le roi Rene_, Paris, 1875, vol. i, pp. 308-327; vol. ii, pp. 281-283.]
About this time there came to Laval in the diocese of Le Mans, a damsel between eighteen and twenty-two, who was a native of a neighbouring place called Chasse-les-Usson. Her father's name was Jean Feron and she was commonly called Jeanne la Ferone.
She was inspired from heaven, and the names Jesus and Mary were for ever on her lips; yet the devil cruelly tormented her. The Dame de Laval, mother of the Lords Andre and Guy, being now very aged, marvelled at the piety and the sufferings of the holy damsel; and she sent her to Le Mans, to the Bishop.
Since 1449, the see of Le Mans had been held by Messire Martin Berruyer of Touraine. In his youth he had been professor of philosophy and rhetoric at the University of Paris. Later he had devoted himself to theology and had become one of the directors of the College of Navarre. Although he was infirm with age, his learning was such that he was consulted by the commissioners for the rehabilitation trial,[2741] whereupon he drew up a memorandum touching the Maid. Herein he believes her to have been verily sent of God because she was abject and very poor and appeared well nigh imbecile in everything that did not concern her mission. Messire Martin argues that it was by reason of the King's virtues that God had vouchsafed to him the help of the Maid.[2742] Such an idea found favour with the theologians of the French party.
[Footnote 2741: _Trial_, vol. iii, p. 314, note 1. _Gallia Christiana_, vol. ii, fol. 518. Du Boulay, _Hist. Univ. Paris_, vol. v, p. 905. Le P. Ayroles, _La Pucelle devant l'eglise de son temps_, pp. 403, 404.]
[Footnote 2742: Lanery d'Arc, _Memoires et consultations_, p. 247.]
The Lord Bishop, Martin Berruyer, heard Jeanne la Ferone in confession, renewed her baptism, confirmed her in the faith and gave her the name of Marie, in gratitude for the abounding grace which the most Holy Virgin, Mother of God, had granted to his servant.
This maid was subject to the violent attacks of evil spirits. Many a time did my Lord of Mans behold her covered with bleeding wounds, struggling in the grasp of the enemy, and on several occasions he delivered her by means of exorcisms. Greatly was he edified by this holy damsel, who made known unto him marvellous secrets, who abounded in pious revelations and noble Christian utterances. Wherefore in praise of La Ferone he wrote many letters[2743] to princes and communities of the realm.
[Footnote 2743: Du Clercq, _Memoires_, ed. Reiffenberg, Brussels, 1823, vol. iii, pp. 98 _et seq._ Jean de Roye, _Chronique scandaleuse_, ed. Bernard de Mandrot, 1894, vol. i, pp. 13, 14. _Chronique de Bourdigne_, ed. Quatrebarbes, vol. ii, p. 212. Dom Piolin, _Histoire de l'eglise du Mans_, vol. v, p. 163.]
The Queen of France, who was then very old and whose husband had long ago deserted her, heard tell of the Maid of Le Mans, and wrote to Messire Martin Berruyer, requesting him to make the damsel known unto her.
Thus there befel, what we have seen happening over and over again in this history, that when a devout person, leading a contemplative life uttered prophecies, those in places of authority grew curious concerning her and desired to submit her to the judgment of the Church that they might know whether the goodness that appeared in her were true or false. Certain officers of the King visited La Ferone at Le Mans.
As revelations touching the realm of France had been vouchsafed to her, she spoke to them the following words:
"Commend me very humbly to the King and bid him recognise the grace which God granteth unto him, and lighten the burdens of his people."
In the December of 1460, she was summoned before the Royal Council, which was then sitting at Tours, while the King, who was sick of an ulcer in the leg, was residing in the Chateau of Les Montils.[2744] The Maid of Le Mans was examined in like manner as the Maid Jeanne had been, but the result was unfavourable; she was found wanting in everything. Brought before the ecclesiastical court she was convicted of imposture. It appeared that she was no maid, but was living in concubinage with a cleric, that certain persons in the service of my Lord of Le Mans instructed her in what she was to say, and that such was the origin of the revelations she made to the Reverend Father in God, Messire Martin Berruyer, under the seal of the confession. Convicted of being a hypocrite, an idolatress, an invoker of demons, a witch, a magician, lascivious, dissolute, an enchantress, a mine of falsehood, she was condemned to have a fool's cap put on her head and to be preached at in public, in the towns of Le Mans, Tours and Laval. On the 2nd of May, 1461, she was exhibited to the folk at Tours, wearing a paper cap and over her head a scroll on which her deeds were set forth in lines of Latin and of French. Maitre Guillaume de Chateaufort, Grand Master of the Royal College of Navarre, preached to her. Then she was cast into close confinement in a prison, there to weep over her sins for the space of seven years, eating the bread of sorrow and drinking the water of affliction;[2745] at the end of which time she rented a house of ill fame.[2746]
[Footnote 2744: Chastellain, ed. Kervyn de Lettenhove, vol. iii, p. 444.]
[Footnote 2745: Jacques du Clercq, _Memoires_, vol. iii, pp. 107 _et seq._]
[Footnote 2746: Antoine du Faur, _Livre des femmes celebres_, in _Trial_, vol. v, p. 336.]
On Wednesday, the 22nd of July, 1461, covered with ulcers internal and external, believing himself poisoned and perhaps not without reason, Charles VII died, in the fifty-ninth year of his age, in his Chateau of Mehun-sur-Yevre.[2747]
[Footnote 2747: De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. vi, pp. 442, 451. _Chronique Martiniane_, ed. P. Champion, p. 110.]
On Thursday, the 6th of August, his body was borne to the Church of Saint-Denys in France and placed in a chapel hung with velvet; the nave was draped with black satin, the vault was covered with blue cloth embroidered with flowers-de-luce.[2748] During the ceremony, which took place on the following day, a funeral oration was delivered on Charles VII. The preacher was no less a personage than the most highly renowned professor at the University of Paris, the doctor, who according to the Princes of the Roman Church was ever aimable and modest, he who had been the stoutest defender of the liberties of the Gallican Church, the ecclesiastic who, having declined a Cardinal's hat, bore to the threshold of an illustrious old age none other title than that of Dean of the Canons of Notre Dame de Paris, Maitre Thomas de Courcelles.[2749] Thus it befell that the assessor of Rouen, who had been the most bitterly bent on procuring Jeanne's cruel condemnation, celebrated the memory of the victorious King whom the Maid had conducted to his solemn coronation.
[Footnote 2748: Mathieu d'Escouchy, vol. ii, p. 422. Jean Chartier, _Chronique_, vol. iii, pp. 114-121.]
[Footnote 2749: _Gallia Christiana_, vol. vii, col. 151 and 214. Hardouin, _Acta Conciliorum_, vol. ix, col. 1423. De Beaucourt, _Histoire de Charles VII_, vol. vi, p. 444.]
APPENDICES
APPENDIX I
LETTER FROM DOCTOR G. DUMAS
My Dear Master,--You ask for my medical opinion in the case of Jeanne d'Arc. Had I been able to examine it at my leisure with the Doctors Tiphaine and Delachambre, who were summoned before the tribunal at Rouen, I might have found it difficult to come to any definite conclusion. And even more difficult do I find it now, when my diagnosis must necessarily be retrospective and based upon examinations conducted by persons who never dreamed of attempting to discover the existence of any nervous disease. However since they ascribed what we now call disease to the influence of the devil, their questions are not without significance for us. Therefore with many reservations I will endeavour to answer your question.
Of Jeanne's inherited constitution we know nothing; and of her personal antecedents we are almost entirely ignorant. Our only information concerning such matters comes from Jean d'Aulon, who, on the evidence of several women, states[2750] that she was never fully developed, a condition which frequently occurs in neurotic subjects.
[Footnote 2750: _Trial_, vol. iii. p. 219.]
We should, however, be unable to arrive at any conclusion concerning Jeanne's nervous constitution had not her judges, and in particular Maitre Jean Beaupere, in the numerous examinations to which they subjected her, elicited certain significant details on the subject of her hallucinations.
Maitre Beaupere begins by inquiring very judiciously whether Jeanne had fasted the day before she first heard her voices. Whence we infer that the interdependence of inanition and hallucinations was recognised by this illustrious professor of theology. Before condemning Jeanne as a witch he wanted to make sure that she was not merely suffering from weakness. Some time later we find Saint Theresa suspecting that the visions said to have been seen by a certain nun were merely the result of long fasting. Saint Theresa insisted on the nun's partaking of food, and the visions ceased.
Jeanne replies that she had only fasted since the morning, and Maitre Beaupere proceeds to ask:
_Q._ "In what direction did you hear the voice?"
_A._ "I heard it on the right, towards the church."
_Q._ "Was the voice accompanied by any light?"
_A._ "I seldom heard it without there being a light. This light appeared in the direction whence the voice came."[2751]
[Footnote 2751: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 52 and _passim_.]
We might wonder whether by the expression "_a droite_" (_a latere dextro_) Jeanne meant her own right side or the position of the church in relation to her; and in the latter case, the information would have no clinical significance; but the context leaves no doubt as to the veritable meaning of her words.
"How can you," urges Jean Beaupere, "see this light which you say appears to you, if it is on your right?"
If it had been merely a question of the situation of the church and not of Jeanne's own right side, she would only have had to turn her face to see the light in front of her, and Jean Beaupere's objection would have been pointless.
Consequently at about the age of thirteen, at the period of puberty, which for her never came, Jeanne would appear to have been subject on her right side to unilateral hallucinations of sight and hearing. Now Charcot[2752] considered unilateral hallucinations of sight to be common in cases of hysteria.[2753] He even thought that in hysterical subjects they are allied to a hemianaesthesia situated on the same side of the body, and which in Jeanne would be on the right side. Jeanne's trial might have proved the existence of this hemianaesthesia, an extremely significant symptom in the diagnosis of hysteria, if the judges had applied torture or merely had examined the skin of the subject in order to discover anaesthesia patches which were called marks of the devil.[2754] But from the merely oral examination which took place we can only draw inferences concerning Jeanne's general physical condition. In case excessive importance should be attached to such inferences I should add that in the diagnosis of hysteria contemporary neurologists pay less attention than did Charcot to unilateral hallucinations of sight.
[Footnote 2752: A famous French alienist (1825-1893).--W.S.]
[Footnote 2753: _Progres medical_, January 19, 1878.]
[Footnote 2754: The existence of patches devoid of feeling was considered in the Middle Ages to prove that the subject was a witch. Hence needles were run into the supposed witch. And if she felt them in every part of her body she was acquitted.--W.S.]
The other characteristics of Jeanne's hallucinations revealed by her examinations during the trial are no less interesting than these, although they do not lead to any more certain conclusions.
Those visions and voices, which the subject refers to an external source and which are so characteristic of hysterical hallucinations, proceed suddenly from the subconscious self. Jeanne's conscious self was so far from being prepared for her voices that she declares she was very much afraid when she first heard them: "I was thirteen when I heard a voice coming from God telling me to lead a good life. And the first time I was very much afraid. This voice came to me about noon; it was in the summer, in my father's garden."[2755]
[Footnote 2755: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 52.]
And then straightway the voice becomes imperative. It demands an obedience which is not refused: "It said to me: 'Go forth into France,' and I could no longer stay where I was."[2756]
[Footnote 2756: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 53.]
Her visions all occur in the same manner. They appeal to the senses in exactly the same way and are received by the Maid with equal credulity.
Finally, these hallucinations of hearing and of sight are soon associated with similar hallucinations of smell and touch, which serve to confirm Jeanne's belief in their reality.
_Q._ "Which part of Saint Catherine did you touch?"
_A._ "You will hear nothing more."
_Q._ "Did you kiss or embrace Saint Catherine or Saint Margaret?"
_A._ "I embraced them both."
_Q._ "In embracing them did you feel heat or anything?"
_A._ "I could not embrace them without feeling and touching them."[2757]
[Footnote 2757: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 186.]
Because they thus appeal to the senses and seem to possess a certain material reality, hysterical hallucinations make a profound and ineffaceable impression on those who experience them. The subjects speak of them as being actual and very striking facts. When they become accusers, as so many women do who claim to have been the victims of imaginary assaults, they support their assertions in the most energetic fashion.
Not only does Jeanne see, hear, smell and touch her saints, she joins the procession of angels they bring in their train. With them she performs actual deeds, as if there were perfect unity between her life and her hallucinations.
"I was in my lodging, in the house of a good woman, near the _chateau_ of Chinon, when the angel came. And then he and I went together to the King."
_Q._ "Was this angel alone?"
_A._ "This angel was with a goodly company of other angels.[2758] They were with him, but not every one saw them.... Some were very much alike; others were not, or at any rate not as I saw them. Some had wings. Certain even wore crowns, and in their company were Saint Catherine and Saint Margaret. With the angel aforesaid and with the other angels they went right into the King's chamber."
[Footnote 2758: According to the evidence of Maitre Pierre Maurice, at the condemnation trial (vol. i. p. 480), Jeanne must have seen the angels "in the form of certain infinitesimal things" (_sub specie quarumdam rerum minimarum_). This was also the character of the hallucinations experienced by Saint Rose of Lima ("Vie de Sainte Rose de Lima," by P. Leonard Hansen, p. 179).]
_Q._ "Tell us how the angel left you."
_A._ "He left me in a little chapel, and at his departure I was very sorrowful, and I even wept. Willingly would I have gone away with him; I mean my soul would have gone."[2759]
[Footnote 2759: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 144.]
In all these hallucinations there is the same objective clearness, the same subjective certitude as in toxic hallucinations; and this clearness, this certitude, may in Jeanne's case suggest hysteria.
But if in certain respects Jeanne resembles hysterical subjects, in others she differs from them. She seems early to have acquired an independence of her visions and an authority over them.
Without ever doubting their reality, she resists them and sometimes disobeys them, when, for example, in defiance of Saint Catherine, she leaps from her prison of Beaurevoir: "Well nigh every day Saint Catherine told me not to leap and that God would come to my aid, and also would succour those of Compiegne. And I said to Saint Catherine: 'Since God is to help those of Compiegne, I want to be with them.'"[2760]
[Footnote 2760: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 110.]
On another occasion she assumes such authority over her visions that she can make the two saints come at her bidding when they do not come of themselves.
_Q._ "Do you call these saints, or do they come without being called?"
_A._ "They often come without being called, and sometimes when they did not come I asked God to send them speedily."[2761]
[Footnote 2761: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 279 and _passim_.]
All this is not in the accepted manner of the hysterical, who are usually somewhat passive with regard to their nervous fits and hallucinations. But Jeanne's dominance over her visions is a characteristic I have noted in many of the higher mystics and in those who have attained notoriety. This kind of subject, after having at first passively submitted to his hysteria, afterwards uses it rather than submits to it, and finally by means of it attains in his ecstasy to that divine union after which he strives.
If Jeanne were hysterical, such a characteristic would help us to determine the part played by the neurotic side of her nature in the development of her character and in her life.
If there were any hysterical strain in her nature, then it was by means of this hysterical strain that the most secret sentiments of her heart took shape in the form of visions and celestial voices. Her hysteria became the open door by which the divine--or what Jeanne deemed the divine--entered into her life. It strengthened her faith and consecrated her mission; but in her intellect and in her will Jeanne remains healthy and normal. Nervous pathology can therefore cast but a feeble light on Jeanne's nature. It can reveal only one part of that spirit which your book resuscitates in its entirety. With the expression of my respectful admiration, believe me, my dear master,
DOCTOR G. DUMAS.
APPENDIX II
THE FARRIER OF SALON
Towards the end of the seventeenth century, there lived at Salon-en-Crau, near Aix, a farrier, one Francois Michel. He came of a respectable family. He himself had served in the cavalry regiment of the Chevalier de Grignan. He was held to be a sensible man, honest and devout. He was close on forty when, in February, 1697, he had a vision.
Returning to his home one evening, he beheld a spectre, holding a torch in its hand. This spectre said to him:
"Fear nothing. Go to Paris and speak to the King. If thou dost not obey this command thou shalt die. When thou shalt approach to within a league of Versailles, I will not fail to make known unto thee what things thou shalt say to his Majesty. Go to the Governor of thy province, who will order all that is necessary for thy journey."
The figure which thus addressed him was in the form of a woman. She wore a royal crown and a mantle embroidered with flowers-de-luce of gold, like the late Queen, Marie-Therese, who had died a holy death full fourteen years before.
The poor farrier was greatly afraid. He fell down at the foot of a tree, knowing not whether he dreamed or was awake. Then he went back to his house, and told no man of what he had seen.
Two days afterwards he passed the same spot. There again he beheld the same spectre, who repeated the same orders and the same threats. The farrier could no longer doubt the reality of what he saw; but as yet he could not make up his mind what to do.
A third apparition, more imperious and more importunate than the first, reduced him to obedience. He went to Aix, to the Governor of the province; he saw him and told him how he had been given a mission to speak to the King. The Governor at first paid no great heed to him. But the visionary's patient persistence could not fail to impress him. Moreover, since the King was personally concerned in the matter, it ought not to be entirely neglected. These considerations led the Governor to inquire from the magistrates of Salon touching the farrier's family and manner of life. The result of these inquiries was very favourable. Accordingly the Governor deemed it fitting to proceed forthwith to action. In those days no one was quite sure whether advice, very useful to the most Christian of Kings, might not be sent by some member of the Church Triumphant through the medium of a common artisan. Still less were they sure that some plot in which the welfare of the State was concerned might not be hatched under colour of an apparition. In both contingencies, the second of which was quite probable, it would be advisable to send Francois Michel to Versailles. And this was the decision arrived at by the Governor.
For the transport of Francois Michel he adopted measures at once sure and inexpensive. He confided him to an officer who was taking recruits in that direction. After having received the communion in the church of the Franciscans, who were edified by his pious bearing, the farrier set out on February 25 with his Majesty's young soldiers, with whom he travelled as far as La Ferte-sous-Jouarre. On his arrival at Versailles, he asked to see the King or at least one of his Ministers of State. He was directed to M. de Barbezieux, who, when he was still very young, had succeeded his father, M. de Louvois, and in that position had displayed some talent. But the good farrier declined to tell him anything, because he was not a Minister of State.
And it was true that Barbezieux, although a Minister, was not a Minister of State. But that a farrier from Provence should be capable of drawing such a distinction occasioned considerable surprise.
M. de Barbezieux doubtless did not evince such scorn for this compatriot of Nostradamus as would have been shown in his place by a man of broader mind. For he, like his father, was addicted to the practice of astrology, and he was always inquiring concerning his horoscope of a certain Franciscan friar who had predicted the hour of his death.
We do not know whether he gave the King a favourable report of the farrier, or whether the latter was admitted to the presence of M. de Pomponne, who was then at the head of the administration of Provence. But we do know that Louis XIV consented to see the man. He had him brought up the steps leading to the marble courtyard, and then granted him a lengthy audience in his private apartments.
On the morrow, as the King was coming down his private staircase on his way out hunting, he met Marshal de Duras, who was Captain of the King's bodyguard for the day. With his usual freedom of speech the Marshal spoke to the King of the farrier, using a common saying:
"Either the man is mad, or the King is not noble."
At these words the King, contrary to his usual habit, paused and turned to the Marshal de Duras:
"Then I am not noble," he said, "for I talked to him for a long time, and he spoke very sensibly; I assure you he is far from being mad."
The last words he uttered with so solemn a gravity that those who were present were astonished.
Persons who claim to be inspired are expected to show some sign of their mission. In a second interview, Francois Michel showed the King a sign in fulfilment of a promise he had given. He reminded him of an extraordinary circumstance which the son of Anne of Austria believed known to himself alone. Louis XIV himself admitted it, but for the rest preserved a profound silence touching this interview.
Saint Simon, always eager to collect every court rumour, believed it was a question of some phantom, which more than twenty years before had appeared to Louis XIV in the Forest of Saint-Germain.
For the third and last time the King received the farrier of Salon.
The courtiers displayed so much curiosity in this visionary that he had to be shut up in the monastery of Des Recollets. There the little Princess of Savoy, who was shortly to marry the Duke of Burgundy, came to see him with several lords and ladies of the court.
He appeared slow to speak, good, simple, and humble. The King ordered him to be furnished with a fine horse, clothes, and money; then he sent him back to Provence.
Public opinion was divided on the subject of the apparition which had appeared to the farrier and the mission he had received from it. Most people believed that he had seen the spirit of Marie-Therese; but some said it was Nostradamus.[2762]
[Footnote 2762: Michel de Nostre-Dame, called Nostradamus (1503-1566), a Provencal astrologer, whose prophecies were published under the title of "Centuries." He was invited to the French court by Catherine de' Medici, and became the doctor of Charles IX.--W.S.]
It was only at Salon, where he slept in the church of the Franciscans, that this astrologer was absolutely believed in. His "Centuries," which appeared at Paris and at Lyon in no less than ten editions in the course of one century, entertained the credulous throughout the kingdom. In 1693, there had just been published a book of the prophecies of Nostradamus showing how they had been fulfilled in history from the reign of Henry II down to that of Louis the Great.
It came to be believed that in the following mysterious quatrain the farrier's coming had been prophesied:
"Le penultiesme du surnom du Prophete, Prendra Diane pour son iour et repos: Loing vaguera par frenetique teste, En delivrant un grand peuple d'impos."[2763]
[Footnote 2763: The last syllable but one of the surname of the Prophet will Diane take for her day and her rest. Far shall wander that inspired one delivering a great nation from the burden of taxes.]
An attempt was made to apply these obscure lines to the poor prophet of Salon. In the first line he is said to figure as one of the twelve minor prophets, Micah, which name is closely allied to Michel. In the second line Diane was said to be the mother of the farrier, who was certainly called by that name. But if the line means anything at all, it is more likely to refer to the day of the moon, Monday. It was carefully pointed out that in the third line _frenetique_ means not _mad_ but _inspired_. The fourth and only intelligible line would suggest that the spectre bade Michel ask the King to lessen the taxes and dues which then weighed so heavily on the good folk of town and country:
_En delivrant un grand peuple d'impos._ This was enough to make the farrier popular and to cause those unhappy sufferers to centre in this poor windbag their hopes for a better future. His portrait was engraved in copper-plate, and below it was written the quatrain of Nostradamus. M. d'Argenson,[2764] who was at the head of the police department, had these portraits seized. They were suppressed, so says the _Gazette d'Amsterdam_, on account of the last line of the quatrain written beneath the portrait, the line which runs: _En delivrant un grand peuple d'impos_. Such an expression was hardly likely to please the court.
[Footnote 2764: Marc Rene Marquis d'Argenson (1652-1721), after being Lieutenant General de la Police at Paris, became, from 1718-1720, President du Conseil des Finances and Garde des Sceaux.--W.S.]
No one ever knew exactly what was the mission the farrier received from his spectre. Subtle folk suspected one of Madame de Maintenon's intrigues. She had a friend at Marseille, a Madame Arnoul, who was as ugly as sin, it was said, and yet who managed to make men fall in love with her. They thought that this Madame Arnoul had shown Marie-Therese to the good man of Salon in order to induce the King to live honourably with widow Scarron. But in 1697 widow Scarron had been married to Louis for twelve years at least; and one cannot see why ghostly aid should have been necessary to attach the old King to her.
On his return to his native town, Francois Michel shoed horses as before.
He died at Lancon, near Salon, on December 10, 1726.[2765]
[Footnote 2765: _Gazette d'Amsterdam_, March-May, 1697; _Annales de la cour et de Paris_ (vol. ii. pp. 204, 219); _Theatrum Europaeum_ (vol. xv. pp. 359-360); _Memoires de Sourches_ (vol. v. pp. 260, 263); _Lettres de Madame Dunoyer_ (Letter xxvi); _Saint Simon, Memoires_, ed. Regnier (_Collection des Grands Ecrivains de la France_), vol. vi. pp. 222, 228, 231; Appendix X, p. 545; _Memoires du duc de Luynes_, vol. x. pp. 410, 412--Abbe Proyart, _Vie du duc de Bourgogne_ (ed. 1782), vol. i. pp. 978, 981.]
APPENDIX III
MARTIN DE GALLARDON
Ignace Thomas Martin was by calling a husbandman. A native of Gallardon in Eure-et-Loir, he dwelt there with his wife and four children in the beginning of the nineteenth century. Those who knew him tell us that he was of average height, with brown straight hair, a calm glance, a thin countenance and an air of quiet and assurance. A pencil portrait, which his son, M. le Docteur Martin, has kindly sent me, gives a more exact idea of the visionary. The portrait, which is in profile, presents a forehead curiously high and straight, a long narrow head, round eyes, broad nostrils, a compressed mouth, a protruding chin, hollow cheeks and an air of austerity. He is dressed as a _bourgeois_, with a collar and white cravat.
According to the evidence of his brother, a man both physically and mentally sound, his was the gentlest of natures; he never sought to attract attention; in his regular piety there was nothing ecstatic. Both the mayor and the priest of Gallardon confirmed this description. They agreed in representing him to have been a good simple creature, with an intellect well-balanced although not very active.
In 1816 he was thirty-three. On January 15 in this year he was alone in his field, over which he was spreading manure, when in his ear he heard a voice which had not been preceded by footsteps. Then he turned his head in the direction of the voice and saw a figure which alarmed him. In comparison with human size it was but slight; its countenance, which was very thin, dazzled by its unnatural whiteness. It was wearing a high hat and a frock-coat of a light colour, with laced shoes.
It said in a kindly tone: "You must go to the King; you must warn him that his person is in danger, that wicked people are seeking to overthrow his Government."
It added further recommendations to Louis XVIII touching the necessity of having an efficient police, of keeping holy the Sabbath, of ordering public prayers and of suppressing the disorders of the Carnival. If such measures be neglected, it said, "France will fall into yet greater misfortunes." All this was doubtless nothing more or less than what M. La Perruque, Priest of Gallardon, had a hundred times repeated from the pulpit on Sunday.
Martin replied:
"Since you know so much about it, why don't you perform your errand yourself? Why do you appeal to a poor man like me who knows not how to express himself?"
Then the unknown replied to Martin:
"It is not I who will go, but you; do as I command you."
As soon as he had uttered these words, his feet rose from the ground, his body bent, and with this double movement he vanished.
From this time onwards, Martin was haunted by the mysterious being. One day, having gone down into his cellar, he found him there. On another occasion, during vespers, he saw him in church, near the holy water stoup, in a devout attitude. When the service was over, the unknown accompanied Martin on his way home and again commanded him to go and see the King. The farmer told his relatives who were with him, but neither of them had seen or heard anything.
Tormented by these apparitions, Martin communicated them to his priest, M. La Perruque. He, being certain of the good faith of his parishioner and deeming that the case ought to be submitted to the diocesan authority, sent the visionary to the Bishop of Versailles. The Bishop was then M. Louis Charrier de la Roche, a priest who in the days of the Revolution had taken the oath to the Republic. He resolved to subject Martin to a thorough examination; and from the first he told him to ask the unknown what was his name, and who it was who sent him.
But when the messenger in the light-coloured frock-coat appeared again, he declared that his name must remain unknown.
"I come," he added, "from him who has sent me, and he who has sent me is above me."
He may have wished to conceal his name; but at least he did not conceal his views; the vexation he displayed on the escape of La Valette[2766] proved that in politics he was an ultra Royalist of the most violent type.
[Footnote 2766: Antoine Marie Chamans, Comte de La Valette (1769-1830), was a French general during the first empire. Having been arrested in 1815 and condemned to death, he was saved by his wife.--W.S.]
Meanwhile the Comte de Breteuil, Prefect of Eure-et-Loir, had been told of the visionary at the same time as the Bishop. He also questioned Martin. He expected to find him a nervous, agitated person; but when he found him tranquil, speaking simply, but with logical sequence and precision, he was very astonished.
Like M. l'Abbe La Perruque he deemed the matter sufficiently important to bring before the higher authorities. Accordingly he sent Martin, under the escort of a lieutenant of _gendarmerie_, to the Ministre de la Police Generale.
Having reached Paris on March 8, Martin lodged with the _gendarme_ at the Hotel de Calais, in the Rue Montmartre. They occupied a double-bedded room. One morning, when Martin was in bed, he beheld an apparition and told Lieutenant Andre, who could see nothing, although it was broad daylight. Indeed, Martin's visitations became so frequent that they ceased to cause him either surprise or concern. It was only to the abrupt disappearance of the unknown that he could never grow accustomed. The voice continued to give the same command. One day it told him that if it were not obeyed France would not know peace until 1840.
In 1816 the Ministre de la Police Generale was the Comte Decazes who was afterwards created a duke. He was in the King's confidence. But he knew that the extreme Royalists were hatching plots against his royal master. Decazes wished to see the good man from Gallardon, suspecting doubtless, that he was but a tool in the hands of the Extremists. Martin was brought to the Minister, who questioned him and at once perceived that the poor creature was in no way dangerous. He spoke to him as he would to a madman, endeavouring to regard the subject of his mania as if it were real, and so he said:
"Don't be agitated; the man who has been troubling you is arrested; you will have nothing more to fear from him."
But these words did not produce the desired effect. Three or four hours after this interview, Martin again beheld the unknown, who, after speaking to him in his usual manner, said: "When you were told that I had been arrested, you were told a lie; he who said so has no power over me."
On Sunday, March 10, the unknown returned; and on that day he disclosed the matter concerning which the Bishop of Versailles had inquired, and which he had said at first he would never reveal.
"I am," he declared, "the Archangel Raphael, an angel of great renown in the presence of God, and I have received power to afflict France with all manner of suffering."
Three days later, Martin was shut up in Charenton on the certificate of Doctor Pinel, who stated him to be suffering from intermittent mania with alienation of mind.
He was treated in the kindest manner and was even permitted to enjoy some appearance of liberty. Pinel himself originated the humane treatment of the insane. Martin in the asylum was not forsaken by the blessed Raphael. On Friday, the 15th, as the peasant was tying his shoe laces, the Archangel in his frock-coat of a light colour, spoke to him these words:
"Have faith in God. If France persists in her incredulity, the misfortunes I have predicted will happen. Moreover, if they doubt the truth of your visions, they have but to cause you to be examined by doctors in theology."
These words Martin repeated to M. Legros; Director of the Royal Institution of Charenton, and asked him what a doctor in theology was. He did not know the meaning of the term. In the same manner, when he was at Gallardon he had asked the priest, M. La Perruque, the meaning of certain expressions the voice had used. For example, he did not understand the wild frenzy of France [_le delvie de la France_] nor the evils to which she would fall a victim [_elle serait en proie_]. But there is nothing that need puzzle us in such ignorance, if it really existed. Martin may well have remembered the words he did not understand and which he afterwards attributed to his Archangel still without understanding them.
The visions recurred at brief intervals. On Sunday, March 31, the Archangel appeared to him in the garden, took his hand, which he pressed affectionately, opened his coat and displayed a bosom of so dazzling a whiteness that Martin could not bear to gaze on it. Then he took off his hat.
"Behold my forehead," he said, "and give heed that it beareth not the mark of the beast whereby the fallen angels were sealed."
Louis XVIII expressed a desire to see Martin and to question him. The King, like his favourite Minister, believed the visionary to be a tool in the hands of the extreme party.
On Tuesday, April 2, Martin was taken to the Tuileries and brought into the King's closet, where was also M. Decazes. As soon as the King saw the farmer, he said to him: "Martin, I salute you."
Then he signed to his Minister to withdraw. Thereupon Martin, according to his own telling, repeated to the King all that the Archangel had revealed to him, and disclosed to Louis XVIII sundry secret matters concerning the years he had spent in exile; finally he made known to him certain plots which had been formed against his person. Then the King, profoundly agitated and in tears, raised his hands and his eyes to heaven and said to Martin:
"Martin, these are things which must never be known save to you and to me."
The visionary promised him absolute secrecy.
Such was the interview of April 2, according to the account given of it by Martin, who then, under the influence of M. La Perruque's sermons, was an infatuated Royalist. It would be interesting to know more of this priest whose inspiration is obvious throughout the whole story. Louis XVIII agreed with M. Decazes that the man was quite harmless; and he was sent back to his plough.
Later, the agents of one of those false dauphins so numerous under the Restoration, got hold of Martin and made use of him in their own interest. After Louis XVIII's death, under the influence of these adventurers, the poor man, reconstituting the story of his interview with the late King, introduced into it other revelations he claimed to have received and completely changed the whole character of the incident. In this second version the passionate Royalist of 1816 was transformed into an accusing prophet, who came to the King's own palace to denounce him as a usurper and a regicide, forbidding him in God's name to be crowned at Reims.
Such ramblings I cannot relate at length. They are to be found fully detailed in the book of M. Paul Marin. The author of this work would have done well to indicate that these follies were suggested to the unhappy man by the partisans of Naundorf, who was passing himself off as the Duke of Normandy, who had escaped from the Temple.
Thomas Ignace Martin died at Chartres in 1834. It is alleged, but it has never been proved, that he was poisoned.[2767]
[Footnote 2767: _Rapport adresse a S. Ex. le Ministre de la Police Generale sur l'etat du nomme Martin, envoye par son ordre a la maison royale de Charenton, le 13 Mars, 1816, par MM. Pinel, medecin en chef de l'hopital de la Salpetriere, et Royer-Collard, medecin en chef de la maison royale de Charenton, et l'un et l'autre professeurs a la faculte de medecine de Paris._ Inscribed at the end with the date--Paris, 6 May, 1816--39 pages in 4'o MS. in the library of the author. Le Capitaine Paul Marin, _Thomas Martin de Gallardon Les Medecins et les thaumaturges du XIX'e siecle_, Paris, s.d. in 18'o. _Memoires de la Comtesse de Boignes_, edited by Charles Nicoullaud, Paris, 1907, vol. iii. pp. 355 and _passim_.]
APPENDIX IV
ICONOGRAPHICAL NOTE
There is no authentic picture of Jeanne. From her we know that at Arras she saw in the hands of a Scotsman a picture in which she was represented on her knees presenting a letter to her King. From her we know also that she never caused to be made either image or painting of herself, and that she was not aware of the existence of any such image or painting. The portrait painted by the Scotsman, which was doubtless very small, is unfortunately lost and no copy of it is known.[2768] The slight pen-and-ink figure, drawn on a register of May 10, 1429, by a clerk of the Parlement of Paris, who had never seen the Maid, must be regarded as the mere scribbling of a scribe who was incapable of even designing a good initial letter.[2769] I shall not attempt to reconstruct the iconography of the Maid.[2770] The bronze equestrian statue in the Cluny Museum produces a grotesque effect that one is tempted to believe deliberate, if one may ascribe such an intention to an old sculptor. It dates from the reign of Charles VIII. It is a Saint George or a Saint Maurice, which, at a time doubtless quite recent, was taken to represent the Maid. Between the legs of the miserable jade, on which the figure is mounted, was engraved the inscription: _La pucelle dorlians_, a description which would not have been employed in the fifteenth century.[2771] About 1875, the Cluny Museum exhibited another statuette, slightly larger, in painted wood, which was also believed to be fifteenth century, and to represent Jeanne d'Arc. It was relegated to the store-room, when it turned out to be a bad seventeenth-century Saint Maurice from a church at Montargis.[2772] Any saint in armour is frequently described as a Jeanne d'Arc. This is what happened to a small fifteenth-century head wearing a helmet, found buried in the ground at Orleans, broken off from a statue and still bearing traces of painting: a work in good style and with a charming expression.[2773] I have not patience to relate how many initial letters of antiphonaries and sixteenth-, seventeenth- and even eighteenth-century miniatures have been touched up or repainted and passed off as true and ancient representations of Jeanne. Many of them I have had the opportunity of seeing.[2774] On the other hand, if they were not so well known, it would give me pleasure to recall certain manuscripts of the fifteenth century, which, like _Le Champion des Dames_ and _Les Vigiles de Charles VII_, contain miniatures in which the Maid is portrayed according to the fancy of the illuminator. Such pictures are interesting because they reveal her as she was imagined by those who lived during her lifetime or shortly afterwards. It is not their merit that appeals to us; they possess none; and in no way do they suggest Jean Foucquet.[2775]
[Footnote 2768: _Trial_, vol. i, pp. 100, 292.]
[Footnote 2769: There is a wood engraving of this figure in Wallon, _Jeanne d'Arc_, p. 95.]
[Footnote 2770: E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, _Notes iconographiques sur Jeanne d'Arc_, Paris and Orleans, 1879, in 18'o royal paper.]
[Footnote 2771: Reproduced in many works, notably opposite p. 17 in the book of E. de Bouteiller and G. de Braux, referred to above.]
[Footnote 2772: _Ibid._, see woodcut opposite p. 8.]
[Footnote 2773: In the Orleans Museum. A copper-plate engraving by M. Georges Lavalley, in the _Jeanne d'Arc_, of M. Raoul Bergot, Tours, s.d. large 8'o.]
[Footnote 2774: Of this class of so-called portrait, I will merely mention the miniature which serves as frontispiece to vol. iv. of _La Vrai Jeanne d'Arc_, of P. Ayroles, Paris, 1898, in large 8'o, and the miniature of the Spetz Collection, reproduced in the _Jeanne d'Arc_ of Canon Henri Debout, vol. ii. p. 103 (also in _The Maid of France_ by Andrew Lang, 1908. W.S.).]
[Footnote 2775: _Le champion des dames_, MS. of the fifteenth century; _Bibl. nat._, fonds francais, No. 841; Martial d'Auvergne, MS. of the end of the fifteenth century, fonds francais, No. 5054. An initial of a fifteenth-century Latin MS., _Bibl. nat._, No. 14665.]
While the Maid lived, and especially while she was in captivity, the French hung her picture in churches.[2776] In the Museum of Versailles there is a little painting on wood which is said to be one of those votive pictures. It represents the Virgin with the Child Jesus, having Saint Michael on her right and Jeanne d'Arc on her left.[2777] It is of Italian workmanship and very roughly executed. Jeanne's head, which has disappeared beneath the blows of some hard-pointed instrument, must have been execrably drawn, if we may judge from the others remaining on this panel. All four figures are represented with a scrolled and beaded nimbus, which would have certainly been condemned by the clerics of Paris and Rouen. And indeed others less strict might accuse the painter of idolatry when he exalted to the left hand of the Virgin, to be equal with the Prince of Heavenly Hosts, a mere creature of the Church Militant.
[Footnote 2776: _Trial_, vol. i, p. 100. N. Valois, _Un nouveau temoignage sur Jeanne d'Arc_, pp. 8, 13.]
[Footnote 2777: Reproduced in chromo in Wallon's _Jeanne d'Arc_.]
Standing, her head, neck, and shoulders covered with a kind of furred hood and tippet fringed with black, her gauntlets and shoes of mail, girt above her red tunic with a belt of gold, Jeanne may be recognised by her name inscribed over her head, and also by the white banner, embroidered with _fleurs-de-lis_, which she raises in her right hand, and by her silver shield, embossed in the German style; on the shield is a sword bearing on its point a crown. A three-lined inscription in French is on the steps of the throne, whereon sits the Virgin Mary. Although the inscription is three parts effaced and almost unintelligible, with the aid of my learned friend, M. Pierre de Nolhac, Director of the Museum of Versailles, I have succeeded in deciphering a few words. These would convey the idea that the inscription consisted of prayers and wishes for the salvation of Jeanne, who had fallen into the hands of the enemy. It would appear therefore that we have here one of those _ex voto_ hung in the churches of France during the captivity of the Maid. In such a case the nimbus round the head of a living person and the isolated position of Jeanne would be easily explained; it is possible that certain excellent Frenchmen, thinking no evil, adapted to their own use some picture which originally represented the Virgin between two personages of the Church Triumphant. By a few touches they transformed one of these personages into the Maid of God. In so small a panel they could find no place more suitable to her mortal state, none like those generally occupied at the feet of the Virgin and saints by the kneeling donors of pictures. This too might explain perhaps why Saint Michael, the Virgin and the Maid have their names inscribed above them. Over the head of the Maid we read _ane darc_. This form _Darc_ may have been used in 1430.[2778] In the inscription on the steps of the throne I discern _Jehane dArc_, with a small _d_ and a capital _A_ for _dArc_, which is very curious. This causes me to doubt the genuineness of the inscription.
[Footnote 2778: The form _Darc_ occurs in the condemnation trial (_Trial_, vol. i, p. 191, vol. ii, p. 82). But side by side we find also _Dars_ (document dated March 31, 1427), _Day_ (patent of nobility), _Daiz_ (communicated to me by M. Pierre Champion) and _Daix_ (_Chronique de la Pucelle_).]
The _bestion_ tapestry[2779] in the Orleans Museum,[2780] which represents Jeanne's arrival before the King at Chinon, is of German fifteenth-century workmanship. Coarse of tissue, barbarous in design, and monotonous in colour, it evinces a certain taste for sumptuous adornment but also an absolute disregard for literal truth.
[Footnote 2779: Tapestry representing small animals.--W.S.]
[Footnote 2780: Reproduced in chromo in Wallon's _Jeanne d'Arc_, _cf._ J. Quicherat, _Histoire du costume en France depuis les temps les plus recules, jusqu' la fin du XVIII'e siecle_, Paris, 1875, large octavo, p. 271.]
Another German work was exhibited at Ratisbonne in 1429. It represented the Maid fighting in France. But this painting is lost.[2781]
[Footnote 2781: _Trial_, vol. v, p. 270.]
INDEX
AARON, i. 207
Arras, Bishop of, ii. 51
Abbeville, ii. 99, 197
Absalom, i. 138
Achilles, ii. 28
AEnius Sylvius, ii. 378
Aetius, i. 119
Ahasuerus, i. 339
Ahaz, i. 213
Aimery, Guillaume, examines Jeanne, i. 189, 193, 194
Aisne, The, i. 460; ii. 1, 142
Aix, ii. 407
Alain du Bey, i. 235
Alain, Jacques, i. 88, 89
Albi, Consuls of, i. 240, 398
Albigenses, The, ii. 157
Albret, Charles, Sire d', i. 137, 447; ii. 22, 63, 78, 164 Jeanne in charge of ii. 84, 94, 96
Alencon, Bailie of, i. 124 Dame of, i. 185 Duchy of, i. 106 Duke of, i. ix, xii, 255, 389; ii. 78 and Jeanne, i. 183, 186, 190, 195; ii. 92 at Beaugency, i. 363-367 at Blois, i. 243 at Reims, i. 446, 447, 450 career of, i. 183 commands the army, i. 347-355, 362; ii. 8, 36, 44, 49, 53, 63 consults Jeanne before Patay, i. 370, 378 evidence of, i. xxviii, xxix, xliv, xlix; ii. 382, 387, 392 heads attack on Paris, ii. 63, 70, 73 skirmishes round Paris, ii. 49, 53, 61 uses Jeanne as a mascotte, ii. 83 imprisoned, ii. 197
Alespee, Jean, ii. 208, 340
Alexander the Great, i. 181, 226, 475
Alexandria, i. 36, 40, 198, 239
Alison du Mai, i. 93, 94
Allee, Pierre d', ii. 71, 130
Alphonso of Aragon, ii. 39, 40
Amazons, The, i. 191, 329
Ambleny, plain of, ii. 2
Ambleville, i. 252, 276 detained by English, i. 295
Amboise, i. 363
Amedee of Savoie, Prince, i. 381; ii. 155, 361
Amiens, ii. 197
_Amiete_, ii. 74
Amos, ii. 166
Ampulla, the Sacred, i. liv, 390, 391, 393, 445-448, 459
Amydas, King, ii. 133
Ananias, a hermit, i. 36
Andelot, i. 16; ii. 210
Andouillette, Lord Guillaume, i. 428
Andre, Lieutenant, ii. 415
Andrieu, Robert, ii. 92
Angers, i. 63, 108, 132, 240; ii. 139, 184
Angerville, i. 138
Anis, i. 219
Anjou, i. 149, 150, 218, 389 Duchess of, i. 147
Anne of Austria, ii. 410
Annunciation, The, i. 219
Antichrist, coming of, i. 412
Antoine de Lorraine, Lord of Joinville, i. 96
Antonio de Rho, i. 384
Apollodorus, i. 322
Appleby, William, i. 124
Apples, cause of war, i. 92
Apremont, Lord of, ii. 365
Aquitaine, ii. 383
Aragon, i. 121
_Arbre-des-Dames_, or _Arbre-des-Fees_, romance of, i. 12
Arc, Catherine d', i. 4, 9, 35, 60 family ennobled, i. xvii; ii. 102, 212 Isabelle d', i. 68, 218, 358; ii. 353 origin of mother of Jeanne, i. 3 at Puy, i. 218, 220, 252 demands rehabilitation, ii. 385 Jacques d', i. xvii, 3, 9 home of, i. 6 freeman or serf, i. 17 rents fortress of Domremy, i. 19 his duties as village elder, i. 25 visits Vaucouleurs, i. 57 his anxiety about Jeanne, i. 68 simplicity of, i. 95 at Reims, i. 451 Jacques or Jacquemin d', brother of Jeanne, i. 4, 20 Jean d', i. 4; ii. 353 joins Jeanne, i. 252 enters Orleans, i. 267, 269, 272 believes Jeanne to be alive, ii. 353-376 demands rehabilitation, ii. 385 M. Lanery d', i. vii, xxii Nicolas d', i. 5 Pierre d', i. 7, 451; ii. 353, 375, 376 joins Jeanne, i. 252 enters Orleans, i. 267, 269, 272 taken prisoner, ii. 152 demands rehabilitation, ii. 385
Archambaud of Villars, i. 121, 144, 169
Arcis, i. 435
Areopagite, The, ii. 48
Arezzo, i. 384
Argenson, M. d', ii. 411
Aristotle, i. 181, 322, 383
Arles, i. 119; ii. 360
Arlon, ii. 359, 365
Armagnac Conspiracy to enter Paris, ii. 128-130 Count of, _see_ Jean IV
Armagnacs and Burgundians, war between, i. 21 _et passim_
Armoises, Robert des, Lord of Tichemont, ii. 365, 374
Arnaud of Corraze, Raimond, i. 121
Arnolin, Messire, i. 65
Arnoul, Madame, ii. 412
Arnoult of Aulnoy, i. 98
Aronde, The, ii. 145
Arras, i. 458 Jeanne at, ii. 191-196, 420 Franquet d', ii. 275
Artaxerxes, i. 409
Arthur of Brittany, _see_ Count of Richemont
Artois, Bailie of, i. 458
Arundel, Earl of, ii. 348
Ascension Day, i. 291-294; ii. 65
Astarac, ii. 38
Astrologers, i. 166, 473; ii. 409 foretell the death of Salisbury, i. 127 _see_ Nostradamus
Attila, i. 119, 208, 238
Aube, The, i. 100, 435
Aubriot, Hugues, ii. 54
Aubrit, Jannet, i. 5 Jeanne, i. 5, 13
Augsburg, i. 221
Augustinians, i. 109, 220
Aulnoy, i. 98
Aulon, Jean d', Squire to Jeanne, i. xiv, xxix, xxx, xxxiv, 252, 259, 269, 277, 283, 284, 364; ii. 119, 160, 366, 388, 401 at St.-Loup, i. 285, 287 at Les Tourelles, i. 297, 299, 308 questions Jeanne as to her Council, i. 341 at St. Pierre-le-Moustier, ii. 84, 85 taken prisoner, ii. 152
Aunoy, Jean d', i. 61 Marguerite d', i. 61
Autun, i. 113; ii. 106
Auvergne, i. 137, 139, 149, 240
Aurelian, the Emperor, i. 109
Auxerre, i. 100, 410, 465, 472 Bishop of, i. 404 Charles VII at, i. 403-407
Avignon, i. 161, 464; ii. 178
Avioth, hill of, ii. 136
Avranches, ii. 49 Bishop of, i. 30; ii. 209
Ayroles, Le Pere, i. xxxvii
Azincourt, i. 145, 154, 229, 358; ii. 178
BABYLON, i. 260, 414
Baignart, Robert, i. 355
Bailiet, i. lvii
Balaam's Ass, i. 175
Bale, Council of, ii. 176, 252, 364, 378
Bar, i. 13, 389 ravaged by La Hire, i. 24 Cardinal, Duke of, i. 92; ii. 1, 8, 53, 73, 178
Bar-sur-Aube, i. 100
Bar-sur-Seine, i. 100
Baratin, Pierre, ii. 360
Barbazan, ii. 196, 199
Barbezieux, M. de, ii. 408
Barbier, Canon, ii. 210
Barbin, Guillaume, i. 167
Barcelona, i. 40
Baretta, Bartolomeo, ii. 118, 124, 147, 148, 155, 193
Barrere, Jean, i. xlvi, ii. 41
Barrey, Edite, i. 5 Jean, godfather of Jeanne, i. 5
Barrois, i. 81
Barron, ii. 20
Basque, The, upholds the standard, i. 308-310
Bassigny, i. 24, 26
Bastard of Granville, i. 279 of Orleans, i. xiii, lvi, 105, 190, 251, 258, 333, 347, 349, 389; ii. 10, 15, 22 evidence of, i. xxv, xxix, xxxii becomes Count of Dunois, i. xvi; ii. 383, 387 obtains supplies, i. 117 parentage of, i. 128 enters Orleans, i. 129, 264-269 achievements of, i. 129 lends musicians to the English, i. 133 leaves Orleans, i. 137 attacks Fastolf's convoy, i. 139 sends to inquire of Jeanne, i. 144 regards Jeanne's mission as religious, i. 264, 266, 284 advises Jeanne to hold aloof, i. 272 meets the army from Blois, i. 277, 282 speaks with Jeanne of Falstolf, i. 283 pacifies Jeanne, i. 294 demands Jeanne's heralds, i. 295 at Les Tourelles, i. 298, 304 attacks Jargeau, i. 332, 351-355 marvels at Jeanne, i. 335 at Patay, i. 370, 372 policy of, ii. 53 of Poitiers, _see_ Guillaume of Vauru, ii. 12-14 of Vergy, ii. 353 of Wandomme, ii. 152, 154
Bastardy, i. 128
Battle of the Herrings, i. 138-140, 213, 230, 236, 256, 281, 370, 473; ii. 57
Baudot de Noyelles, ii. 146, 149
Baudricourt, Lord of, _see_ Robert de Baudricourt
Baudrin, Jean, ii. 130
Bavon, Lady Anna, ii. 216
Bayeux, ii. 205
Bayonne, ii. 383
Bazoches, Thomas de, i. 440
Beans sown at Troyes, i. 413, 426
Bearn, i. 121
Beaucaire, ii. 388
Beaugency, i. xli, 255, 256, 439; ii. 23, 95 English at, i. 318, 332 French take, i. 362-368
Beaulieu, Castle of, Jeanne at, ii. 159, 178, 276
Beaumont, Andrieu de, i. 379
Beaumont-sur-Oise, i. 103; ii. 78
Beaune, i. 450
Beaupere, Jean, ii. 208, 294, 307, 315, 380, 388 questions Jeanne, ii. 228-234, 237-240, 242, 401-406
Beaurepaire, M. Robillard de, i. vii, xxxii
Beaurevoir, i. xix; ii. 51, 140, 195 Jeanne at, ii. 178-191, 261, 273, 318, 405
Beauvais, i. 70; ii. 11, 119, 211, 309 archdeacon of, i. 153 bishop of, _see_ Cauchon surrenders to Charles VII, ii. 35 English march on, ii. 348
Bec, Abbot of, ii. 208, 309
Bec-d'Allier, ii. 84
Bede, the Venerable, prophecies of, i. 178; ii. 27, 30, 230
Bedford, Duchess of, ii. 216, 217, 321 Duke of, i. 69, 359; ii. 60, 348 seizes Alencon, i. 106 returns to England, i. 107 addressed by Jeanne, i. 245, 247 policy towards Burgundy, i. 401 robs the bishops, i. 409 challenges Charles, ii. 16-19 believes Jeanne a witch, ii. 18, 217 cedes Paris to Philip, ii. 57, 58 keeps the crusaders in France, ii. 110 canon of Rouen, ii. 204 death of, ii. 352
Begot, Jean, ii. 210
_Beguines_, ii. 119
Behemoth, ii. 296
Belial, ii. 296
Belleme, Chateau de, i. 103
Belles, Dames, i. 125
Bellier, Guillaume, i. 174; ii. 370
Bellona, i. lxxii
Bells and St. Catherine, i. 341
Benedicite, _see_ Estivet
Benedict XIII, pope, i. 40, 161; ii. 37, 40, 41, 363
Benedict XIV, pope, ii. 37, 41, 42
Bennade, Bishop, i. 50
Bernard le Breton, ii. 127
Bernardino of Siena, i. 249, 412
Berne, i. lxxi
Berruyer, Martin, ii. 394, 396
Berry, Duc de, Jean, ii. 83 duchy of, i. xiv, 101, 108, 389; ii. 211
Berthe, Queen, i. 12, 395
Bertrand de Poulengy, i. xxix, xxx, 65, 82, 87, 220, 269 accompanies Jeanne, i. 96-105 at Blois, i. 252
Berwoist, John, ii. 225
Besancon, ii. 388
Bethlehem, i. 454
Bethsaida, i. 414
Bethulia, i. 191; ii. 366
Bethune, Jeanne de, ii. 178
Biget, Jean, i. 19
Billoray, Martin, Grand Inquisitor, ii. 157
Blackfriars, i. 109
Black Prince, i. 164
Blaise, i. 24
Blanche of Castile, Queen, i. 395
Blasphemy forbidden, i. 253
Blaye, ii. 383
Blesois, i. 101, 108
Bloch, M. Camille, i. lxxiv
Blois, i. 92, 111, 114, 134, 137, 239, 240 Jeanne at, i. xiii, 243, 319 St. Sauveur, i. 253 army returns to, i. 265, 272, 277, 282 English at, i. 360
Boian, Captain, ii. 95
Boilet, Colette, ii. 92, 93
Boilleve, Jean, i. 348, 366
Bois-Chenu, i. 2, 10, 175; ii. 239
Boisguillaume, _see_ Colles
Bolingbroke, i. 359
Bona of Milan, ii. 41
Bonne de Savoie, i. 381
Bonnet, M. Raoul, i. lxxiv Simon, i. 189
Bonval, Jean de, ii. 12
Bordeaux, ii. 383
Borenglise, Castle of, ii. 138
Bosquier, Pierre, ii. 343
Bossuet, i. lvi
Boucher, Charlotte, i. xxiv, 271 Jacques, i. 110, 283, 302, 314; ii. 36 Jeanne lodges with, i. xxiv, 270; ii. 259
Bouchet, i. 265
Boudant, Helie, ii. 97
Boulainvilliers, Percevalde, i. 376, 399
Bouligny, Rene de, ii. 388
Boullay, Aubert, ii. 356
Boulogne, ii. 153
Boulogne-la-Petite, i. 415
Bouray, Jean de, ii. 96
Bourbon, Duke of, i. xii, lxiv; ii. 8, 63
Bourbonnais, i. 117, 129, 137
Bourgeois, Jean, i. 356
Bourges, i. 240, 395, 396; ii. 4 chapter of, i. 152; ii. 379 Jeanne at, ii. 78 defray costs of war, ii. 95
Bourget, Jean, ii. 183
Bourgogne, ii. 140
Bourlemont, Chateau of, i. 2, 16 Pierre de, i. 14, 16
Bournel, Guichard, ii. 70, 143, 261
Boussac, Marshal de, i. 141, 147, 267, 281 in command, i. 129, 133, 136, 137, 140, 272, 282, 315, 346, 347, 445; ii. 34, 63, 76, 96, 194, 347, 348 at Blois, i. 244 enters Orleans with Jeanne, i. 269 goes to meet Talbot, i. 288 at Les Tourelles, i. 298, 304 at Patay, i. 372 leads army towards Reims, i. 403
Bouteiller, Sire le, ii. 339
Bouvier, Gilles le, i. x
Brabant, ii. 49
Bray-sur-Seine, ii. 8, 78
Brehal, Jean, i. 167; ii. 384, 391
Breteuil, Comte de, ii. 415
Bretigny, Treaty of, i. lxiv
Bretons, The, i. 287
Briare, ii. 106
Brie, i. 187; ii. 9, 17, 110
Brimeu, David de, _see_ Lord of Ligny
Brinion-l'Archeveque, i. 421, 426, 435, 439
Brittany, i. 154, 387 restored by Duke John, i. 380
Brook of the Three Springs, i. 17
Brousson, M. Jean, i. lxxiv
Bruges, ii. 99
Buchon, i. vii
Bueil, Jean de, i. 129, 218, 232; ii. 22, 50, 147
Builhon, Jean de, i. 127, 166
Burey-en-Vaux, i. 2, 59, 67, 75
Burey-la-Cote, i. 2
Burgundy, i. 154 Duke of, _see_ Philip
Butchers of Paris, i. 154; ii. 129
Butterflies, significance of, ii. 260
CABASSE, Raymond, i. 210
Cabochiens, The, i. xxi, 154, 358; ii. 170, 352
Caffa, ii. 140
Cagny, Perceval de, i. ix, x
Cailly, Guy de, i. xxxii, 267, 269, 342
Calais, Jean de, ii. 128, 130
_Calendrier des Vieillards_, i. 211
Calixtus III, ii. 385
Calot, Lawrence, ii. 318
Cambrai, ii. 178
Camilla, i. 191, 222, 329
Cana, ii. 48
Cany, Dame de, i. 128
_Capitouls_ of Toulouse, i. 337; ii. 41
Carlier, Bietremieu, ii. 188
Carmelites, The, i. 109, 189; ii. 71, 120, 164 plots of, ii. 128-131
Cartesianism, i. lviii
Cassandra, i. 204; ii. 30
Castille, Etienne, ii. 199
Castillon, Jean de, ii. 291
Castres, Bishop of, ii. 379
Cathari, The, i. 209, 210; ii. 111, 157, 282
Catherine de la Rochelle, ii. 85-88, 101, 119, 167 and Jeanne, ii. 88-90, 184 employed by Friar Richard, ii. 183-185, 261, 345, 367
Cato, i. 327
Catherine, Queen, i. 60, 250, 275, 423
Cauchon, Pierre, Bishop of Beauvais, i. xxvii, li, lii, 440; ii. 35, 46, 299 consults the University of Paris, i. 274 claims Jeanne, ii. 170-178, 181, 195, 197, 203, 204 conducts her trial, ii. 205-284 reads the sentence on Jeanne, ii. 314, 320, 337 hears her retract, ii. 324-328 claims Guillaume the shepherd, ii. 349 at Bale, ii. 382 responsibility thrown on, deceased, ii. 385 death of, ii. 392
Cayeux, Hugues de, ii. 51
Cazin du Boys, i. 103
Ceffonds, i. 3
Cerquenceaux, Abbot of, i. 121
Chabannes, Jacques de, i. 129; ii. 145
Chabot, Jean, i. 139
Chailly, Denis de, i. 136 Lord de, i. 304
Chalons, i. xxxii, 389, 394, 405, 417, 424; ii. 4, 71 Count of, i. 447 surrenders to Charles VII, i. 435-437
Chambley, Alarde de, i. 61
_Chambre des Comptes_, ii. 208
Champagne, i. lxix, 3, 187 war in, i. 385, 388 route through, i. 393
Champigny, ii. 56
Champion, M. Pierre, i. xix, lxxiv
Chandos, standard of, i. 310, 448
_Chanson de Roland_, ii. 278
Chapelain, i. lv, lxv
Chapelle, Jean de la, ii. 128-130
Chapelle-St.-Denys, ii. 130
Chapon, Perrot, i. 103
Charavay, M. Noel, i. lxxiv
Charcot, Dr., ii. 403
Charenton, ii. 416
Charlemagne, crown and sword of, i. 444, 476
Charles II, Duke of Lorraine, _see_ Lorraine Sire d'Albret, _see_ Albret
Charles V, i. 148, 224, 359; ii. 64 piety of, i. 160
Charles VI, i. 22, 146, 161, 183, 423, 429; ii. 54, 208, 228 believer in prophecy, i. 196 death of, i. 198
Charles VII, i. lxxi, 24, 82, 137, 209; ii. 361 attacked through Jeanne, i. xii; ii. 177, 209, 233, 244, 310, 376 escutcheons of, i. 31; ii. 26 Jeanne's prophecies concerning, i. 64, 67, 77, 81 prisoner of the English, i. 75 sends for Jeanne, i. 89 character of, i. 145-149, 160, 166 resources of, i. 149-155, 331, 396 _Le Bien Servi_, i. 153 examines reports of Jeanne, i. 160, 162, 168, 323, 328 interviews Jeanne, i. 168-173, 183 personal appearance of, i. 170 legitimacy of, i. 172 warned against Jeanne, i. 181 seeks a sign, i. 213, 214 has Jeanne armed and mounted, i. 221-223 announces the relief of Orleans, i. 319 urged by Jeanne to Reims, i. 333, 385 Voices not heard by, i. 342 receives Jeanne after Patay, i. 377 coronation of; moral value of, i. 391 innocent of death of Duke John, i. 401 starts for Reims, i. 403 at Troyes, i. 421-434 at Chalons, i. 436 summons Reims to surrender, i. 439 crowned at Reims, i. 443-449 progress to Compiegne, ii. 1-24, 34, 51 challenged by Bedford, ii. 16-19 makes truce with Burgundy, ii. 51-53 hated in Paris, ii. 58, 59 orders army back from Paris, ii. 73 leaves St. Denys, ii. 76 disbands the army, ii. 78 peaceful policy of, ii. 120 schemes to win Paris, ii. 128 maintains the Pragmatic Sanction, ii. 381 enters Rouen, ii. 383 urges trial for rehabilitation, ii. 383-385 death of, ii. 397
Charles VIII, i. lxxi
Charles, Duke of Orleans, i. 91, 142, 243; ii. 1, 269 bribes the English, i. 106 raises supplies, i. 117 ballad by, i. 235 to be rescued by Jeanne, i. 333, 357 piety of, i. 342, 358 colours of, i. 356 captivity of, i. 359
Charles Martel, i. 102, 223, 226, 475 Simon, i. 169
Charles the Wise, ii. 14
Charny, Lord of, ii. 51
Charpaigne, i. 155
Charpentier, P., i. xiii
Chartier, Alain, i. xlv, lxiii, 251 Jean, i. xi-xiii, xx, xxxii, xlv
Chartiers, Guillaume, ii. 385
Chartres, i. 410; ii. 213, 353, 419
Chasse-les-Usson, ii. 394
Chastel, Jean du, i. 104
Chastellain, Georges, i. xxi
Chastillon, Sire de, commander of Reims, i. 438-442
Chateaubriand, i. lix
Chateaubrun, Lord of, i. 139, 141
Chateaudun, i. 114, 240, 318 Governor of, i. 174, 241
Chateaufort, Guillaume de, ii. 396
Chateauneuf, i. 377
Chateau-of-Sully, i. 377
Chateaurenard, i. 282; ii. 78
Chateau-Thierry, i. 440; ii. 3, 4, 7, 10, 260 Jeanne at, ii. 75
Chateauvillain, Sire de, i. 411
Chatterton, Thomas, i. lxix
Chaumont, i. 16, 61, 121, 129 occupied by the English, i. 23 Lord of, i. 129, 210
Checy, i. 112, 113, 258, 341 army reaches, i. 264 Jeanne at, i. 267
Cheminon, Abbey of, i. 47, 252
Chenier, Marie-Joseph, i. xlvi, lxv
Cher, The, i. 338
Chinon, i. xxxviii, 87, 89, 99, 117, 143, 144, 151, 217, 238, 466, 476; ii. 300, 370 Jeanne at, i. xiii, xxv, 145, 156-185, 468; ii. 232, 404 castles of, i. 158 Grand Carroy, i. 167 La Vieille Porte, i. 168 Castle of Coudray, i. 173 Charles VII at, i. 319
Choisy-au-Bac, ii. 142
Choisy-sur-Aisne, ii. 142
Chorazin, i. 414
Christine de Pisan, i. 179; ii. 56 poems of, ii. 24-30
Chroniclers of the period, i. ix
_Chronique d'Antonio Morosini_, i. xxi
_Chronique de la Pucelle_, _La_, i. xiv
_Chronique de l'Etablissement de la fete_, _Le_, i. xviii
_Chronique des Cordeliers_, _Le_, i. xix, xx
Chrysippus, i. 322
Chursates, i. 40
Cilinia, i. 50
_City of God_, _The_, i. 205
Clain, The, i. 147
Clairoix, ii. 145, 147, 164
Claude de Metz, ii. 353
Clefmont, Barthelemy de, i. 28
Clement VIII, pope, ii. 37, 40, 42, 250, 363
Clement of Alexandria, i. 205
Clermont, i. 240; ii. 92 bishop of, i. 155 Count of, i. 137, 147, 169, 281, 342, 446, 450; ii. 45, 53, 73, 76 cowardice of, i. 138, 140, 370
Climat-du-Camp, i. 373, 375
Clopinel, i. 143
Clorinda, i. lxxii
Clotaire, King, ii. 46
Clotilde, Queen, i. 51-53
Clovis, King, i. 49-53, 55, 182, 392, 445, 447; ii. 178
Coarraze, Lord de, i. 304
Coeur-de-Lis, i. 118; ii. 361
Coinage, the Maid an authority on, i. 337
Colard de Mailly, i. 442
Colet de Vienne, i. 88, 96, 100, 157, 160
Colette of Corbie, i. xxxv, lxxii, 72, 453, 472; ii. 135, 184
Colin, Jean, i. 48, 97
Colles, Guillaume, ii. 206, 218
Cologne, i. 383; ii. 362, 364, 365, 370
Colonna, Otto, ii. 39
Comberel, Hugues de, i. 150
Combleux, i. 113
Comment-Qu'il-Soit, i. 381
Commercy, i. 436 Damoiseau de, _see_ Robert de Saarbruck
Compiegne, i. xx, xxxi, 198; ii. 2, 71, 107, 138, 160, 168, 180, 261, 353 surrenders to Charles VII, ii. 34, 51 Jeanne at, ii. 36, 142, 405 siege of, ii. 140, 151, 155, 193-196 St. Corneille, ii. 208
Conches, Governor of, i. 124
Confessor, The King's, i. 189
Constable of France, i. 400, 447; ii. 44, 382 feared by the King, i. 377 plots to seize Jeanne, i. 379 succeeds as favourite, ii. 351, 352
Constable of Scotland, i. 135, 137, 139
Constance, Bishop of, ii. 200 Council of, i. 325; ii. 37, 39, 42, 208
Constantinople, i. 249
Coppequesne, Nicolas, ii. 210, 218
Corbeil, i. 101; ii. 3, 123, 185
Corbie, Jean de, i. 404, 472
Cordeliers, the, i. xix, 113
Cormeilles, ii. 208
Corneille, Abbot of, ii. 309
Corny, ii. 357
Coronation, moral value of, i. 391 at Orleans, i. 392 at Reims, i. 392 of queens, i. 395
Corraze, i. 121
Corsini, Giovanni, i. 384
Costus, King, i. 35
Coudray, i. 158
Coudun, ii. 146, 150, 164
Coulommiers, ii. 3, 9
Council, Jeanne's, _see_ Voices, &c. of Charles VII, makes use of the Maid as a mascotte, i. 378; ii. 101 plans of, regarding the coronation, i. 386-394 ceases to employ Jeanne, ii. 120
Courcelles, Thomas de, during the trial, ii. 208, 214, 246, 252, 286, 293, 329, 332, 389 at Bale, ii. 379 delivers the funeral oration on Charles VII, ii. 397
Courtenay, ii. 78
Cousinot, Guillaume, Chronicle of, i. xiv, 270, 292
Coussey, i. 2, 67
Coutances, ii. 209 bishop of, ii. 385
Coutes, Jean de, i. 174 Jeanne de, i. 174 Louis de, i. 174, 252, 448; ii. 388
Couvreur, Jean le, ii. 219
Crecy-en-Brie, i. xlvii, 229; ii. 3
Cremona, i. 384
Crepy-en-Valois, ii. 10, 12, 16, 19, 23, 34, 145
Crequy, Sire de, ii. 149, 150
Croissy, ii. 56
Crotoy, ii. 196
Crusades, The, i. 250, 419, 457; ii. 15, 29, 110
Cuissart, C., i. xiii
Culant, Admiral de, i. 134, 141, 243, 304; ii. 76
Currency of the period, i. 19
Cusquel, Pierre, ii. 201
Cyrus, i. 429
DAGOBERT, King, ii. 46
Daix, Jehannin, ii. 99
Dammartin, ii. 19
Daniel, i. 207
Dante Alighieri, i. lxviii
Darnley, i. 137
Daron, Pierre, ii. 201
Dauphin, The, _see_ Charles VII Jeanne's use of title explained, i. 198
Dauphine, i. 149
David, King, i. 204, 237, 384, 414, 447, 454
Deborah, i. 165, 191, 328, 382; ii. 27
Decazes, Comte, ii. 415, 418
Delachambre, Guillaume, ii. 240, 401
Demetriade, ii. 388
Denmark, i. 177
Desch, Geoffroy, ii. 358 Jean, ii. 358
Deschamps, Eustache, i. 395 Gilles, ii. 208
Devils, entrance of, i. 85
Didier of Saint Die, i. 18, 20
Dieppe, i. 140; ii. 198
_Dies Irae_, i. 204; ii. 340
Dijon, i. 402, 458
Diminutives, origin of, i. 6
Dinteville, Jean de, i. 407
Diocletian, ii. 56
_Directorium_, ii. 285
Dive, The, i. 388
Dominicans, The, ii. 157
Dommartin-la-Cour, i. 27
Dommartin-le-Franc, i. 27, 28
Domremy, i. xxiii, xxxi, 58, 73, 212 situation of, i. 2, 16, 17 inhabitants of suspected of witchcraft, i. 15 feudal overlordship of, i. 16 fortress of the island let, i. 19 precautions against pillage, i. 26 pillaged by Henri of Savoy, i. 27 pillaged by Antoine de Vergy, i. 70, 74 inquiries at, ii. 386 freed from _tailles_, i. 452
Douillet, Jean, ii. 393
Doulevant, i. 27
Drapier, Perrin le, i. 43
Drugy, Chateau of, ii. 196
Ducoudray, Jean, i. 103
Duisy, Guillaume, i. 132, 311
Dumas, Dr. Georges, i. xxxiv; ii. 401-406
Dun, Saubelet de, ii. 366
Dunand, Canon, i. lxii
Dunois, Count of, _see_ Bastard of Orleans
Durance, The, i. 180
Durand de Brie, ii. 127 of Saint-Die, i. 18, 20
Durandal, ii. 75
Duras, Marshal de, ii. 409
Dutaillis, M. Petit, i. lxxiii
EDWARD III, i. 460
Elijah, i. 191, 414, 419
Elincourt, ii. 138
Elisha, i. 342
Embrun, archbishop of, _see_ Jacques Gelu
Emilius, i. 50
Engelide, ii. 31
English, hatred of the, i. 21, 22 occupation of France, i. 21, 23 army driven from France, i. xlvii-xlix hesitates between Angers and Orleans, i. 63 lays siege to Orleans, i. 75 position in France, i. 106 composition of, i. 123, 124 deserters from, i. 124 disorganised by Salisbury's death, i. 130 celebrates Noel, i. 133 plight of, outside Orleans, i. 135 appears in Le Portereau, i. 123, 124 occupies St.-Loup, i. 231 erects worthless bastions, i. 232, 281 privations of, i. 232, 233, 241 summoned by Jeanne to surrender, i. 245, 278, 295, 351 receives Jeanne's letter, i. 273-277 regards Jeanne as a witch, i. 274-277, 310; ii. 121 defends Les Tourelles, i. 296-313 defends Les Augustins, i. 297 leaves Orleans, i. 316 in Jargeau, i. 348, 351, 353 at the battle of Patay, i. 369-376 at Bray-sur-Seine, ii. 8 skirmishes with French, ii. 23 at Jeanne's capture, ii. 152 buys Jeanne, ii. 175, 196 gives her up to the Bishop of Beauvais, ii. 204 tumult at the recantation, ii. 315, 318
Enoch, i. 414
Epictetus, i. lxvii
Epinal, Gerardin d', i. 48, 67, 436; ii. 386 Isabellette d', i. 48, 436 Nicholas d', i. 48, 437
Erard, Guillaume, ii. 208, 257, 294, 329 preaches against Jeanne, ii. 309-314 reads the abjuration, ii. 316
Eratosthenes, i. 322
Erault, Jean, i. 189 examines Jeanne, i. 194 writes at her dictation, i. 196
Escouchy, Mathieu d', i. xx
Estellin, Beatrix, i. 5, 12 Jeannette, ii. 386
Esther, i. xxvi, 339, 382; ii. 27
Estivet, Jean d', ii. 205, 213, 216, 240, 385, 392
Estouteville, Cardinal d', ii. 384
Etampes, i. 137, 368 Count of, i. 381
Eugenius IV, pope, ii. 250, 355, 374, 380
Eure, The, i. 388
Euripides, i. 322
Eve, i. 206
Evreux, i. 124, 139, 366; ii. 23 Bailie of, i. 123
Eymerie, Nicolas, ii. 285
Ezekiel, ii. 230
FABRE, M. Joseph, i. lxii
Failly, Collard, ii. 366
Fair of le Lendit, ii. 49
Fairy lore of Domremy, i. 11
Falconbridge, Baron, i. 123, 375
Fastolf, Sir John, i. 332 convoys victuals, i. 137 at Janville, i. 283 approaches Jargeau, i. 349, 351, 367 plans of, i. 368, 349 at Patay, i. 375 uncertainty of fate of, i. 397, 399
Fauchard, Simon, ii. 392
Fauveau, ii. 95
Fecamp, abbot of, ii. 208, 209, 218, 309, 329
Fecard, Jean, ii. 261
Felix, pope, ii. 381
Feron, Jean, ii. 394
Ferone, Jeanne la, ii. 394, 396
Ferrier, Vincent, i. 412
Fesenzac, i. 38
Feuillet, Gerard, ii. 261
Fiefve, Thomas, ii. 208
Fierbois, i. 102, 475; ii. 139 St. Catherine's Chapel, i. 223-226
Fitz Walter, i. 375
Flamenc, Pierre, i. 337
Flavy, Guillaume de, ii. 34, 132, 141, 147, 193 Louis de, ii. 193
Fleury, i. 114, 288 Jean, ii. 127
Florence, i. 130; ii. 374
Flyeng Hart, The, ii. 26
Foix, Count of, ii. 38
_Fontaine-auz-Bonnes-Fees-Notre-Seigneur_, romance of, i. 10, 13, 14
Fontaine, Jean de la, ii. 205, 218, 261, 264, 268, 278
Forest of Guise, ii. 145
Forestel, Wavrin du, i. xx
Fort St. George, i. 159
Fosse, Guion du, i. 142
Foucault, Jean, ii. 123 Lord of, ii. 76
Foucquet, Jean, ii. 421
Foug, Geoffrey de, i. 60
Fouquerel, Jean, ii. 45
Fournier, Jean, i. 80, 418 exorcises Jeanne, i. 84-86
France, kingdom of, distressful state of, i. 20, 151
Franciscans, The, i. 220
Franquet d'Arras, prisoner of Jeanne, ii. 124
French army, ii. 21 famine in, i. 425; ii. 3
Fresnay-le-Gelmert, Lord of, i. 174
Fresnoy, Abbe Longlet du, i. lviii
Freycinet, M. de, i. xl
Friar Richard, Jeanne's chaplain, i. 249, 448; ii. 18, 44, 82, 97, 101, 119, 189, 260, 345-347 history of, i. 412 preaches in Paris, i. 413-417; ii. 59 suspects Jeanne of witchcraft, i. 412, 418 at Troyes, i. 422, 424, 430, 434, 435 designs of, ii. 86 at Orleans, ii. 182
Fribourg, i. 70
Friesland, Lady of, i. 401
Froissart, i. xx
Frontey, Guillaume, Vicar of Domremy, i. 47, 48
Furtivolus, i. 471
GABRIEL, Archangel appears to Jeanne, ii. 291
Gaillard, Chateau, ii. 199
Galeliere, la, lord of, i. 174
Gallardon, i. xxxvi; ii. 413
Gamaliel, i. 214
Gambetta, i. xl
Gangres, Council of, i. 197
Garivel, Francois, ii. 387
Gascon's plan to fall on Fastolf's convoy, i. 138
Gascony, i. 149
Gasque of Avignon, la, i. 161, 196
Gath, i. 454
Gatinais, i. 241, 318
Gaucourt, Sire de, Governor of Orleans, i. xxx, 130, 153, 169, 211, 292, 331, 389; ii. 63, 69, 387 obtains supplies, i. 117 lodges Jeanne at Coudray, i. 173 at Blois, i. 243 leads the attack on Les Tourelles, i. 296, 297, 304, 470
_Gazette d'Amsterdam_, ii. 411
Gelu, Jacques, bishop of Embrun, i. 165, 181, 250, 425; ii. 28, 261 his treatise on Jeanne, i. 165, 180, 320-325 mistrusts Jeanne, i. 181 on Jeanne's captivity, ii. 162
Geneva, i. 167
Germain, Bishop, i. 404
Gerson, Jean, i. lvii, 7, 204; ii. 112, 228, 261 career of, i. 324 his treatise on Jeanne, i. xlix, 326-331; ii. 48, 98
Gervais, Canon, i. 209
_Geste des nobles Francois_, i. xiv
Gethyn, Sir Richard, i. 123, 139, 366-368
Gevaudan, ii. 165
Ghent, ii. 155
Ghiberti, Lorenzo, ii. 39
Giac, Lord de, i. 146, 150
Gibeaumex, i. 61
Gideon, i. 207, 213; ii. 243 story of, i. 202
Gien, i. 100, 101, 231, 240, 282, 389, 472; ii. 78, 95 French army at, i. xii, xxvi, 394, 396 Jeanne at, i. 143; ii. 75
Giffart, Sir Thomas, i. 310
Girard, Jean, i. 165, 181
Girault, Guillaume, i. 280, 461
Giresme, Nicole de, i. 311
Glacidas, i. 124
Glasdale, William, i. 124, 126, 130, 132, 304, 310 answers Jeanne, i. 276 summoned to surrender, i. 311 death of, i. 312, 471
Gloucester, Duke of, i. 107; ii. 229 marriage of, i. 401, 402
Godefroy, Jean, i. 102, 103
_Godons_, The, i. 22
Golden Legend, The, i. 207
Goliath, i. 238, 454
Gondrecourt, Castellany of, i. 16 le-Chateau, i. 65
Good Friday, coinciding with the Annunciation, i. 219
Gooseberry Spring, _see_ Fontaine-aux-Bonnes-Fees
Gorcum, Heinrich von, i. xxii, 383, 384
Gorlitz, Elizabeth of, ii. 359
Gottlieben, ii. 200
Gouges, Lord Martin, i. 155
Gough, Matthew, i. 367
Gournay-sur-Aronde, ii. 141, 348
Gouye, Colin, ii. 99
Granier, Pierre, i. 12
Graverent, Jean, Grand Inquisitor, ii. 185, 219, 264, 345
Graville, Lord of, i. 137, 140, 292, 304, 372, 445
Gray, Lord Richard, i. 123, 143
Great Friday, i. 219
Grenoble, Parliament of, i. 165
Gressart, Perrinet, i. 389; ii. 84, 91, 96
Greux, i. 5, 16, 58, 70; ii. 210, 386 situation of, i. 2, 9 freed from _tallies_, i. 452 Colin de, i. 60
Grey Friars, Neufchateau, monastery of, i. 71, 72, 109
Grey, John, ii. 225, 252
Grignan, Chevalier de, ii. 407
Grognot, Nicolas, ii. 356
Grouchet, Richard de, ii. 249
Gubbio, i. 213
Guerard, Sir Thomas, i. 123, 375
Guesclin, Bertrand du, i. 175, 338, 345; ii. 47
Guesdon, Laurent, ii. 201
Gueuville, Nicolas, ii. 197
Gugen, Arnault de, i. 372, 373
Gui, Bernard, ii. 286
Guido da Forli, i. 385
Guillaume, Jaquet, ii. 126, 127 of Chaumont, i. 121 of Gevaudan, ii. 165-169, 348-351 the Bastard of Poitiers, i. 61 with the White Hands, i. 209
Guillemette de la Rochelle, i. 160 Gerard, i. 76
Guillot de Guyenne, ii. 105
Guitry, i. 121 Lord de, i. 304
Guyenne, held by England, i. 21, 149 a herald, i. 252 detained by the English, i. 273-276, 295
_Guyntonia Vaticinium_, i. 177
Guyon du Fosse, i. 233
HAINAULT, Countess of, i. 401
Haiton, Guillaume, ii. 218
Halbourd, Jean, i. 275
Halsall, Gilbert, i. 123
Hannequin, Jean, ii. 210
Harancourt, ii. 366
Harcourt, Christophe d', ii. 53, 76 questions Jeanne, i. 333, 334
Harfleur, i. lxiv; ii. 52
Hauviette, i. 77; ii. 386
Hector de Chartres, i. 153, 154; ii. 28
Hellande, Antoine de, i. 459
Hennequins, The, i. 408
Hennins, i. 415
Henri de Savoie, pillages Domremy, i. 27, 28
Henry II of England, i. 159
Henry II of France, ii. 410
Henry V of England, i. lxiv, 21, 22, 60, 162, 176, 281, 359, 401; ii. 208 death of, i. 250, 274 betrothal of, i. 423
Henry VI of England, i. li, 69, 82, 123, 432; ii. 171, 306, 382 minority of, i. 107 resources of, i. 233 summoned to surrender, i. 244-247 to be crowned at Reims, i. 392 at Rouen, ii. 198 coronation of, ii. 350
_Henry VI_, i. 233
Heraclides Ponticus, i. 322
Heresy, Church's treatment of, i. 190
Heretics burnt at the stake, ii. 100, 237
Hermine, i. 380
Hermit Friars, The, ii. 239
Hermite, Pierre l', i. 165, 181
Herodias, i. 172
_Historia Britonum_, i. 177
History, art of writing, i. lxviii
Hodierne, Guillaume, i. 440
Holophernes, i. 238, 339, 341
Honecourt, Jean de, i. 96
Hordal, Jean, i. lv
Hospitality, rules of, i. 271; ii. 79
Houppembiere, ii. 140
Houppeville, Nicolas de, ii. 248
Hovecourt, i. 81
Hugh Capet, i. 392
Hungerford, Lord, i. 375
Huns invade Gaul, i. 119
Huss, John, i. 325; ii. 115, 200
Hussites, The, i. xxx, 441; ii. 20, 86 campaign against, ii. 109
ILE-AUX-BOEUFS, i. 112, 113, 267; ii. 377
Ile-aux-Bourdons, i. 112, 258, 265
Ile-aux-Toiles, i. 112, 268, 292, 297
Ile Biche-d'Orge, i. 112
Ile-Charlemagne, i. 112, 302
Ile-de-France, i. lxix, 187, 233; ii. 2, 10, 123, 165 held by England, i. 21
Ile-Jourdain, ii. 38
Ile Martinet, i. 112
Ile Saint-Loup, i. 112
Illiers, Florent d', i. 174, 241, 273, 304, 318, 347, 349
Immerguet, i. 174
Innocent III, pope, ii. 157, 215
Inquisition, The, ii. 157, 176 secrecy of, ii. 211
Invention of the Holy Cross, i. 280
Isabeau of Bavaria, i. 146
Isabella of Lorraine, i. 91
Isle-Adam, Sire de l', ii. 60
JACOB, i. 385 Dominique, i. 65
Jacobins, The, i. 113; ii. 185
Jacqueline of Bavaria, Countess, i. 401, 402
Jacques de Chabannes, i. 129, 136 of Touraine, ii. 95, 235, 246, 288, 294
Jacquier, i. 7
Jadart, M. Henri, i. vii, lxxiv
Jahel, i. 191
Janville, i. 122, 256, 283, 368 English at, i. 371, 376, 377
Jargeau, i. xli, 130, 256, 265, 290-439; ii. 87, 88, 95, 182, 184, 246, 360 French attack on, i. xiv, 332, 349, 355, 362 English occupy, i. 348 Jeanne at, ii. 97, 259
Jarry, M. L., i. vii
Jean IV, Count d'Armagnac asks Jeanne to indicate true pope, ii. 37-43 cruelty of, ii. 38 excommunicated, ii. 40
Jean, Count of Neufchatel, i. 70 Count of Salm, i. 24 de Gand, i. 162 de Metz, i. 81, 87, 222; ii. 386 questions Jeanne, i. 82, 83, 99 accompanies Jeanne, i. 89, 96, 105 at Blois, i. 252 enters Orleans, i. 269 of Saintrailles, i. 121; ii. 21 le Bon, i. 148 warned by the vavasour, i. 163
Jean-Sans-Peur, i. 128
Jeanne d'Arc, authorities for life of, i. vii-xxxiii, lxi mission of, i. xii, xxxix, lx; ii. 231, 279 its political aspect, i. 190, 333; ii. 164 simplicity of, i. xxvii, lx military skill of, i. xxviii, xliii; ii. 82, 391 visionary nature of, i. xxxiii-xxxvii priests' influence on, i. xxxviii, 44-47, 64, 66 virginity of, i. xxviii, 211; ii. 80, 216, 265, 281 character of, i. xxxiii historical reputation of, i. liv portraits of, i. liii, lxii, lxxi, 336; ii. 191, 212, 420-423 birth of, i. 2, 467 parentage of, i. 3 baptism of, i. 4-6 early childhood of, i. 6, 8, 9, 14, 16, 23 education of, i. 8 piety of, i. 9, 48, 80, 339, 463 shares the village rites, i. 14, 15 childhood of, i. 28 first hears Voices, i. 29 recognises St. Michael, i. 29 visited at Domremy by SS. Catherine and Marguerite, i. 43, 47, 57, 75 vows to preserve her virginity, i. 42 her love of bells, i. 43 visited by St. Michael, i. 56, 58 visits Robert de Baudricourt at Vaucouleurs, i. 61-66 prophesies concerning the Dauphin, i. 64, 67, 77, 81 ridiculed, i. 67, 69, 99 suspected of witchcraft, i. 69, 320, 412, 418; ii. 19, 20, 36, 50, 121, 175, 177 at Neufchateau, i. 71-74 summoned to appear at Toul, i. 73 visits Robert de Baudricourt again, i. 77 her second visit to Vaucouleurs, i. 77-89 announces her mission to relieve Orleans, i. 77 declares her mission to the Dauphin, i. 77, 81-84 prophesies her death, i. 78, 333; ii. 15, 203 sent for by the Dauphin, i. 88, 96-105 adopts man's attire, i. 84, 88, 89, 96 exorcised by Jean Fournier, i. 84-86 sent for by Duke of Lorraine, i. 89-95 writes to her parents, i. 95 dictates a letter to the King, i. 145 at Chinon, i. xiii, 156, 185, 423 questioned as to her mission, i. 163, 165 her interviews with Charles, and the Sign, i. 167-173, 183; ii. 262, 264, 269, 295 dress of, i. 169, 197, 329, 339, 356; ii. 147, 179, 192, 221, 240, 244, 258, 268, 276, 280, 295 and the Duke of Alencon, i. 183-186, 195 is taken to Poitiers, i. 185 examined at Poitiers, i. 191-203 her aversion to theologians, i. 194; ii. 221, 223 dictates a manifesto to the English, i. 196 prophesies the coronation at Reims, i. 198, 200 retorts on Seguin, i. 200 foretells the raising of the siege, i. 201 her sign victory itself, i. 202, 214 result of examination at Poitiers, i. 213 miracles attributed to, i. 215, 461-477; ii. 137, 261 sets out for Orleans, i. 216 armour of, i. 216, 221; ii. 76, 83 her chaplain, i. 221 horses of, i. 222, 346; ii. 356 sword of, i. xii, 223, 475; ii. 75-77, 133, 245 standard of, i. 227; ii. 104, 262, 281, 284 at Blois, i. 243 dictates manifestoes to the English from Poitiers and Blois, i. 244 exhorts the French soldiers to repentance, i. 254 her banner, i. 255 leaves Blois for Orleans, i. xiii, 256 misled as to route, i. 258-263 approaches the Bastard, i. 260 her ignorance of Orleans, i. 260 her mission at Orleans, i. 263 prophesies change of wind, i. 264 asks to return to Blois, i. 265 at Checy, i. 267 summons the English to surrender, i. 262, 273, 276, 278, 295, 311, 316, 351 enters Orleans, i. 264-269 leads the Orleannais to the holy places, i. 277 surveys the bastions, i. 279 is offered wine, i. 279 her belief in herself, i. 282, 343; ii. 6, 66, 112 meets the army from Blois, i. 283 jests with the Bastard, i. 283 roused from sleep by her Council, i. 284 at St.-Loup, i. 285-291 her influence in Orleans, i. 291, 319 plans kept from, i. 293 receives counsel in Orleans, i. 295 at Les Tourelles, i. xiii, 296-313 wounded in the foot, i. 300 prophesies her wound, i. 301, 306 prophesies success in Orleans, i. 303 is wounded in the shoulder, i. 306, 314; ii. 246 hears Mass on the Sabbath, i. 315 leaves Orleans for Blois and Tours, i. 318 approved by Gelu, i. 320 approved by Gerson, i. 326-331 urges the King to Reims, i. 333 questioned as to her Voices, i. 334, 341; ii. 229-235, 238, 242, 253, 258, 261, 268, 272, 274, 277, 283, 327, 331-334, 402-406 at Loches, i. 335-338 fame of, i. 336, 381-385; ii. 160-163, 461-477 her prayer for France, i. 336 consulted as a saint, i. 337, 434, 452, 453; ii. 41-43, 81-83, 260, 272 at Selles-en-Berry, i. 338 wishes for prayers for her soul, i. 342 prophesies the English evacuation, i. 344 prophesies to Guy de Laval, i. 346 marches on Jargeau, i. 349-355 receives gifts at Orleans, i. 355, 356 hopes to rescue the captive Duke, i. 357 meets the Constable, i. 364 at Beaugency, i. 364-367 at Patay, i. 369, 376 prophesies victory at Patay, i. 370, 372 at Orleans, i. 377, 396 prophesies the coronation of Charles, i. 378 Constable's plot to seize, i. 379 her loyalty to Charles VII, i. 380 her progress to Reims, i. 385, 403 led by the King's Council, i. 388 at Gien, i. 396 dictates a letter to Tournai, i. 396-400 invites Burgundy to the coronation, i. 400 dictates a letter to Troyes, i. 419, 422 at Troyes, i. 424, 427, 430, 432-434 prophesies victory at Troyes, i. 427 at Chalons, i. 436 at Reims, i. 448-458 dreams of a crown, i. 448, 475; ii. 233, 234, 255, 269 ring of, i. 453; ii. 254 writes to the Duke of Burgundy, i. 456 legends of, i. 463-476 prophecies by, i. 470-477; ii. 355, 356 _re_ the English, i. xvi; ii. 252, 281 writes to Reims, ii. 4-6, 51, 107, 116 political judgment of, ii. 7 betrayed, ii. 16 rides with the scouts, ii. 22 poems in honour of, ii. 25 prophecies relating to, ii. 29-32 personal appearance of, ii. 32 at Compiegne, ii. 36 marches towards Paris, ii. 36-77 replies to the Count d'Armagnac, ii. 43 stands as godmother, ii. 50, 260 Parisian opinion of, ii. 59, 98, 99, 158 summons Paris to surrender, ii. 67, 273 is wounded in the thigh, ii. 69, 72 turned from Paris, ii. 72 drives prostitutes from the army, ii. 74, 75 at Selles-en-Berry, ii. 78-82 at the attack on St.-Pierre-le-Moustier, ii. 85 and Catherine de la Rochelle, ii. 87-90, 101, 183 collects money for the army, ii. 88, 92, 94, 95 at Moulins, ii. 92 writes to Riom, ii. 93, 94 grant of nobility, ii. 102, 212 feted at Orleans, ii. 103 writes to Tours, ii. 104 leases a house in Orleans, ii. 105 at Sully, ii. 106-118 on crusading, ii. 110 her letter to Sigismund, ii. 112 in the trenches of Melun, ii. 122 attempts to exchange prisoners, ii. 124-132 at Senlis, ii. 138 used as a mascotte, ii. 148 at Margny, ii. 148-150 is taken prisoner, ii. 152 attempts escape from Beaulieu, ii. 160 prayers for deliverance of, ii. 161-163 claimed by Cauchon, ii. 170-178, 181, 195, 197, 204 at Beaurevoir, ii. 178 leaps from the Tower, i. xix; ii. 181, 261, 273, 275, 295, 405 writes to Tournai, ii. 189 at Arras, ii. 191-196, 420 taken to Rouen, ii. 196-198 in prison at Rouen, ii. 198-204, 212-217 information against, ii. 210-212, 239 her wish to escape, ii. 225, 276 becomes a prisoner of the Church, ii. 225 preliminary trial, i. viii, xxiii, lii; ii. 221-284 place of trial of, ii. 227, 247 her letter to the English, ii. 231 illness of, ii. 220-242, 289 refuses to reveal the King's secret, ii. 245, 262, 264, 295 trial of, pronounced illegal, ii. 246-248 her letter to the Count d'Armagnac, ii. 250 does not speak to the priests of her visions, ii. 266 charges against, ii. 275, 287-289, 291, 295, 300-305 would appeal to the pope, ii. 282, 312 is offered an advocate, ii. 284-286 trial in ordinary, ii. 284-322 sustained by her Voices, ii. 289, 291 her desire for the sacraments, ii. 290 in the torture chamber, ii. 292 deserted by her friends, i. liv; ii. 297 exhorted by Maurice, ii. 305-307 refuses to recant, ii. 307, 313 preached at by Erard, ii. 308-314 sentence against, ii. 314 recants, ii. 315-319 English resume possession of, ii. 321 resumes woman's attire, ii. 322 resumes man's attire, ii. 324 retracts her recantation, ii. 325-328 is told of her death, ii. 380 second recantation of, i. ix, xxvii; ii. 331 confesses and receives the Sacrament, ii. 333 is burnt at the stake, ii. 335-342 trial for rehabilitation, i. xxvi-xxxii, xlii; ii. 384-392 medical opinion on, ii. 401-406
Jeanne of Evreux, i. 395 de Valois, Queen, i. 395 du Lys, Claude de Metz, impersonates Jeanne d'Arc, ii. 353-376 the Maid of Sermaize, ii. 392, 393
Jeremiah, i. 414 image carved by, i. 219
Jerusalem, i. 186, 249 Queen of, _see_ Yolande
Jesus Christ, i. 207
Jhesus-Maria on the standard, i. 227 on letters, i. 245, 295, 397, 419, 456; ii. 43, 281 on Jeanne's ring, i. 452
Joachim, Francois, i. 348
Joash, i. xl, 202
John, Count of Porcien, _see_ the Bastard of Orleans Duke of Brittany, caution of, i. 379-381 Duke of Burgundy, murder of, i. 21, 400, 422; ii. 17 King of France, i. xxxvi, 63; ii. 54 XXIII, Pope, i. 153
Joinville, Jeanne de, inherits Bourlemont, i. 14, 19, 27 Chateau de, i. 27, 98
Jonah, i. 344
Joshua, ii. 27
_Journal du Siege, Le_, i. xiii
Jouvenel des Ursins, Jean, i. lxiv, 187, 192, 408; ii. 385
Judas Maccabaeus, i. 328
Judith, i. 165, 191, 238, 328, 339, 341, 382; ii. 27, 87, 367
Julien, hill of, i. 2
Jumieges, Abbot of, ii. 208, 209, 309
Justin, i. 205
KALT EYSEN, Heinrich, ii. 364
Kennedy, Lord Hugh, i. 218; ii. 124
Kermoisan, Thudal de, i. 347, 363
Kernanna, i. xxxv
King's Evil, i. 459
Kiriel, Sir Thomas, ii. 348
Kyrthrizian, Richard, i. 224
L'AVERDY, i. vii, lix
La Beauce, i. lxix, 108, 112, 121, 131, 134, 318, 233, 241, 255, 354 plain of, i. 163 route through, i. 259, 282, 371
La Belle d'Anjou, i. 184
La Bergere, i. 348, 350
La Bougue, ii. 95
La Chapelle, ii. 50, 63, 70
La Charite, i. 389; ii. 84, 164, 167, 272 siege of, ii. 90, 94, 96, 103, 261
La Croix-Boissee, i. 134, 143
La Croix-Morin, i. 278
La Ferte-Milon, ii. 10, 16, 60
La Ferte-sous-Jouarre, ii. 408
La Grange-aux-Ormes, ii. 353, 357, 375
La Hire, i. 105, 115, 137, 139, 141, 149, 267, 273, 347, 450, 465; ii. 22, 68, 196, 199, 348, 387 ravages Bar, i. 24, 26 comes to Orleans, i. 129 bribed by Tours, i. 218 at Blois, i. 244 meets the army from Blois, i. 283 in Orleans, i. 292, 298, 304 pursues the English, i. 316 at Jargeau, i. 351 at Patay, i. 369, 372 on the way to Reims, i. 403
La Joyeuse, i. 75
La Lomagne, ii. 38
La Motte-Nangis, ii. 38
La Perruque, M., ii. 414, 415
_La Petite Ancelle_, ii. 93
La Porete, ii. 237, 294
_La Pucelle_, ii. 93, 390
La Retreve, i. 373, 374
La Roche-St.-Quentin, i. 217
La Rochelle, i. xviii, 240, 319, 360; ii. 87
La Romee, i. 177
La Rousse, i. 70
La Sologne, i. 108, 113, 123, 131 route through, i. 256, 259, 283, 284
La Tremouille, Sire de, i. x, xlix, 146, 363, 379, 446, 450; ii. 53, 84, 106 King's favourite, i. 147, 152, 155, 169, 253 at Chinon, i. 184 starts for Reims, i. 403 bribed by Auxerre, i. 406 governs Compiegne, ii. 35, 44, 45 before Paris, ii. 69, 72 held to ransom, ii. 91 Jeanne in charge of, ii. 109, 119 tries a substitute for Jeanne, ii. 163-169 taken prisoner, ii. 351
La Tour-d'Auvergne, Baron, i. 137, 140
La Valette, Comte de, ii. 415
Laban, i. 385
Labrousse, Suzette, i. xxxv
Lactantius, i. 205, 322
Ladvenu, Martin, i. xxvi; ii. 329, 330, 333, 389
Lagny-sur-Marne, i. xxxi, xlvi; ii. 78, 147, 211, 261, 371 Jeanne at, ii. 123, 133-137
Laiguise, Gille, i. 408 Huet, i. 408 Jean, policy of, i. 408-411, 428
Lancon, ii. 412
Lang, Mr. Andrew, i. v
Langeais, i. 150
Langres, Bishop of, i. 447; ii. 309
Langlois, Jean, i. 240 M. E., i. lxxiv
Languedoc, i. 117, 154
Laon, i. 50, 189, 460; ii. 4, 11, 358 Duke of, i. 447
Lapau, i. 217
Laplace, i. lxviii
Lassois, Durand, i. 59, 60, 66, 75, 76, 88, 89; ii. 240, 386
Lattes, i. 210
Launoy, Jean de, i. lv
Laval, Andre de, i. 345, 364; ii. 9, 394 Anne de, i. 338 chateau of, i. 345; ii. 393, 396 family, The, i. 243 Dame Jeanne de, i. 338, 346; ii. 47, 394 Guy de, i. 346, 364, 372, 446, 450; ii. 9, 47, 63, 394
Lavisse, M. Ernest, i. lxxiii
Le Boucher, Marie, ii. 36
Le Brun de Charmettes, i. lxi
Le Dunois, i. 318
Le Fevre de St.-Remy, i. xx
_Le Jouvencel_, i. 241; ii. 133
Le Langart, Jean, i. 5
Le Lendit, Fair of, ii. 49
Le Macon, Robert, i. xlii, 153, 211
Le Maistre, Husson, i. 451
Le Mans, i. 115, 134, 231, 240, 287 Bishop of, ii. 383, 394 Maid of, ii. 394-396
Les Martinets, i. 26
Les Montils, Chateau of, ii. 396
Le Petit, ii. 99
Le Portereau, i. 292, 300 Orleannais at, i. 301, 302, 307
Le Sourd, ii. 99
Le Vauseul, Aveline, i. 59, 60 Jeanne, i. 59
Les Augustins, Battle of, i. xiv
Les-Douze-Pierres, i. 134
Lebuin, Michel, i. 67
Lecamus de Beaulieu, i. 147; ii. 332
Leclerc, Jean, i. 348
Lecourt, Gille, i. 224
Lefevre, Gervaise, ii. 95 Jean, ii. 238, 388
Lefevre-Pontalis, M. Germain, i. v, vii, xxi, xxii, lxii
Legends of Jeanne, i. xxii, liv
Legros, M., ii. 417
Leliis, Theodore de, i. xxiii
Lemaistre, Jean, ii. 219, 221, 228, 264, 343, 388
Lenisoles, Jean de, ii. 310
Lenten observances, i. 156-158
Leparmentier, Mauger, ii. 293
Leprestre, Jacques, i. 279; ii. 104, 361
Leroyer, Catherine, i. 79, 80, 84, 86, 97 Henri, i. 79, 97; ii. 240, 357, 386
Lettree, i. 435
Levy, MM. Calmann, i. lxxiv
Liebault de Baudricourt, i. 24, 61
Liege, ii. 194
Lignerolles, i. 373, 374, 375
Ligny, David de Brimeu, Lord of, i. 458; ii. 51, 91, 140 Jeanne in charge of, ii. 191
Lille, i. lxxiv
Limousin, i. 200
Lingui, Jean, i. 5
Lisieux, ii. 209 Bishop of, ii. 382
Loches, ii. 361 Jeanne at, i. 335-338
_Laetare_ Sunday, i. 13, 156
Logic, picture of, i. 382
Loheac, Marshal of, ii. 98
Lohier, Jean, ii. 246-248
Loire, The, i. 100, 112; ii. 4
Loiret, The, i. lxxiv, 111-113
Loiseleur, Nicolas, at the trial of Jeanne, ii. 208, 210, 213, 238, 242, 246, 252, 293, 308, 314, 329, 331, 334 at Bale, ii. 379-381
Lombard, Jean, examines Jeanne, i. 189, 193
London, fort, i. 134, 231 Tower of, i. 359
Longueville, i. 450; ii. 208, 387 Duc de, i. lvi Prior of, ii. 309, 319
Lore, Lord Ambrose de, i. 243, 258, 267, 292, 316, 434; ii. 76, 123
Lorraine, i. 389 a herald, ii. 155 Charles II, Duke of, i. 14, 18; ii. 1, 9, 81, 231 makes war on La Hire, i. 24 sends for Jeanne, i. 89-95
Louis I of Bourbon, ii. 91, 96, 106
Louis VIII, i. 443
Louis XI, i. xviii, lxxi
Louis XIV, i. xxxvi; ii. 409-412
Louis XVIII, i. xxxvi; ii. 414-419
Louis, Dauphin, i. 221; ii. 39 betrothed to Margaret of Scotland, i. 83
Louis, Duke of Orleans, i. 128, 144, 161, 325 death of, i. 358
Louis of Luxembourg, ii. 60
Louis the Fat, i. 392
Louvet, President, i. 155
Louviers, ii. 348, 370
Louvois, M. de, ii. 408
Lowe, Nicole, ii. 354, 356
Lozere Mountains, ii. 165, 348
Luce, Simeon, i. vii, xxxi, lxii
Luciabelus, ii. 111
Lucifer, ii. 111
Lucius, Pope, ii. 336
Lucon, i. 399
Lude, Sire du, i. 353
Luillier, Jean, i. xxvi, 280, 356; ii. 386
Luneville, ii. 136
Luxembourg, Dame Jeanne de, ii. 178, 190, 359, 362, 365 Jean de, i. xi; ii. 51, 299 Count of Ligny, ii. 140, 143, 149 Jeanne in charge of, ii. 154, 159, 172, 177, 188-191, 196 visits her at Rouen, ii. 202
Luys, Doctor, i. xxvi
Luzarches, i. 103
Lyon, i. xxiii; ii. 410 Les Celestins, i. 324
Lyonnais, i. 149
Lyonnel, ii. 152
Lys, Du, i. xvii; _see_ Jean and Pierre d'Arc
MACHECOUL, i. xvi; ii. 370
Machet, Gerard, i. xlii, 1, 9, 204, 333; ii. 379 circulates prophecies of Jeanne, i. 196, 197
Macon, Jean de, i. 189, 280, 281
Macy, Aimond de, ii. 179, 202
Magala, i. 454
Maguelonne, Bishop of, i. 163 examines Jeanne, i. 188
Maille, Sire de, i. 446
Mailly, Jean de, ii. 388
Maine, i. 21, 106, 387; ii. 383
Maintenon, Mme. de, ii. 412
Mainz, Diet of, ii. 381
Maire, Guillaume le, i. 189 examines Jeanne, i. 193
Manchon, Guillaume, ii. 205, 218, 227, 247, 257, 324, 389
Mandrakes, i. 415; ii. 255
Mantes, i. 310; ii. 348
Manuel, Nicolas, i. lxxi Pierre, ii. 201
Marchenoir, i. 255, 318
Marechal, Humbert, i. 465
Margaret of Scotland, i. 83, 167
Margny, ii. 164, 145, 146, 153 attack on, ii. 148-150
Marguerie, Andre, ii. 324, 329
Marguerite of Bavaria, i. 93
Marie de Maille, i. 161
Marie de Sully, ii. 106
Marie, Queen, i. 181, 217, 395, 396, 458; ii. 78, 119, 182, 395
Marie-Therese, Queen, ii. 407
Marne, The, i. 98; ii. 3, 9
Marseilles, ii. 412
Martin V, Pope, i. 381, 402; ii. 37, 175, 250, 363 policy of, ii. 39 crusaders of, ii. 109, 110
Martin, Henri, i. l
Martin, Ignace Thomas, i. xxxvi mission of, ii. 413-419
Martin, M. le Dr., ii. 413
Martin, M. Paul, ii. 418
Marville, ii. 357, 358, 368
Massieu, Jean, i. xxvi; ii. 206, 218, 228, 256, 261, 312, 317, 319, 326, 333, 338, 340, 389
Mathieu II, of Lorraine, i. 71
Mathurins, The, i. 109, 275; ii. 70
Matthias, Don, i. 121
Maupertuis, i. 229
Maurice, Pierre, ii. 280, 246, 299, 329, 331, 334, 340 exhorts Jeanne, ii. 305-307, 315
Maxentius, the Emperor, i. 36-41
Maxey-sur-Meuse, i. 2, 8, 20, 23, 35
Maxey-sur-Vaise, i. 2, 60
Maximian, ii. 56
Mayenne, The, i. 388
Meaux, i. 410 tree of Vauru, ii. 12
Megret, i. 348
Mehun-sur-Yevre, i. 150, 198; ii. 83, 102, 397
Meledon, Jacques, i. 189, 193
Melun, ii. 3, 71, 120 defenders of, i. 114 Jeanne at, ii. 122
Melusina, i. 12
Mende, Bishop of, i. 404 Mountain, ii. 165
Mengette, ii. 386
Mennot, Robert le, i. 161
Merari, i. 191
Mercier, Catherine le, i. 174
Mercury, i. 166
Merlin, prophecies of, i. 10, 175-177, 275; ii. 27, 30, 240, 391 story of, i. 175
Mesnage, Mathieu, i. 189
_Messire_, Jeanne's use of, i. 64 Jeanne as the herald of, i. 261, 262
Metz, ii. 354, 357, 365, 374 Bishop of, i. 18 war against, i. 92
Meung-sur-Loire, i. xli, 127, 130, 255, 256, 366, 439; ii. 23 English retreat to, i. 316, 318, 332, 362, 366, 371 French take, i. 368
Meurthe, The, i. 89
Meuse, course of the, i. 1, 2
Meyer, M. Paul, i. lxxiii
Micah, ii. 411
Michel, Francois, farrier, mission of, i. xxxvi; ii. 407-412
Michelet, i. lxi
Midi, Nicolas, ii. 208, 246, 261, 287, 294, 337, 392
Midianites, i. 202
Mielot, Jean, i. 35
Milan, i. 221, 384 Duke of, i. 399; ii. 374
Milbeau, Yves, questions Jeanne, i. 380, 418
Minerva, i. lxxii
Minet, Jean, Vicar of Domremy, i. 4
Minguet, i. 174
Minier, Pierre, ii. 248
Miriam, i. 327, 330
Mitry, Lord of, i. 174
Molandon, Boucher, de, i. vii
Moleyns, Lord, i. 304, 310, 312
Molyns, William, i. 124, 130
_Moniteur_, _Le_, i. lx
Monks spread legends of Jeanne, i. 212 join the armies, i. 254
Monmouth, i. 275
Monod, M. Gabriel, i. v
Monstrelet, Enguerrand de, i. xix; ii. 153
Montacute, Thomas, _see_ Salisbury, Earl of
Montaing, i. 128
Montalcin, Jean de, i. 167
Montan, the hermit, i. 50
Montargis, i. 121, 282, 311, 403; ii. 8, 421 siege of, i. 129, 132 Governor of, i. 144, 169
Montbeliard-Saarbruck, Jean de, i. 436
Monteclaire, i. 16
Montendre, i. 144
Montepilloy, i. xx; ii. 21, 65
Montereau, Bridge of, i. 21, 146, 166, 379, 400; ii. 8, 16, 17, 19, 52, 58, 352
Montesclere, Jean de, i. xiv, 132, 143, 298, 299, 366; ii. 193
Montfaucon, ii. 87, 88, 127, 184
Montgomery, Lord, ii. 144
Montier-en-Saulx, i. 65, 98
Montigny-le-Roi, i. 58
Montjoie, i. 435
Montmaillard, i. 116
Montmedy, ii. 136
Montmirail, ii. 3
Montmorency, Sire de, ii. 73
Montpellier, i. 163, 210, 240
Montpensier, Count of, ii. 91
Montpipeau, i. 256 burnt by the English, i. 377
Montremur, Raymon de, ii. 96
Mont-Saint-Michel-au-Peril-de-la-Mer, Abbey of, i. 30; ii. 208, 309
Morant, Pierre, ii. 128, 130
Morcellet, Sire de, ii. 133
Morel, Aubert, ii. 293 Jean, godfather of Jeanne, i. 5, 12, 436; ii. 386
Moreau, Jean, ii. 182, 210
Morhier, Sir Simon, i. 139; ii. 57
Morieau, Raulin, i. 451
Morin, Jourdain, i. 189
Mortemart, Abbot of, ii. 309
Mortemer, ii. 208 Jeanne de, i. 211
Moselle, The, ii. 353
Moses, i. 207, 327, 414; ii. 27
Moslant, Philibert de, i. 124, 432, 433, 438
Moulins, i. 240; ii. 13 Jeanne at, ii. 92
Mount Ganelon, ii. 146 Sombar, i. 30 Tombe, i. 30
Mousque, Maitre, i. 166
Mugot, i. 174, 285, 306
Munoz, Gil, ii. 40
Musnier, Simonin, i. 7
Myrmidons, The, i. 382
_Mystere du Siege_, _Le_, i. xiv
NOTRE Dame d'Amiens, ii. 197 d'Ancis, i. 137 des Ardents, ii. 134 des-Aviots, ii. 136 de Bermont, i. 9, 14, 48 de Clery, i. 127, 288 de Fierbois, ii. 76 de Liance or Liesse, ii. 358 de-la-Pierre, ii. 195 de-la-Voute, i. 80
Nancy, i. 14, 68, 89, 93, 95
Nantes Bridge, i. xvi
Napoleon Bonaparte, i. lix
Narbonne, Council of, i. 318; ii. 320
Nations, union of, i. lxvii
Nativity of the B.V.M., ii. 62
Naundorf, ii. 419
Navarre, College of, ii. 394
Naviel, Jean, ii. 192
Nebuchadnezzar, i. 325, 409
Nennius, i. 322
Nettles, i. 356
Neufchateau, i. 5, 11, 163, 436 situation of, i. 1, 2 people of Domremy shelter at, i. 70
Neufchatel, i. 70
Nevers, i. 410
Neville, William, i. 123
Nicanor, i. 322
Nicolas V, Pope, ii. 384
Nicolazic, Yves, i. xxxv
Nicole de Giresme, i. 264
Nicopolis, i. 249, 253, 457; ii. 110
Nider, Jean, ii. 366
Noel, feast of, i. 133
Nogent-sur-Seine, i. 438; ii. 52
Noirouffle, ii. 193
Nolhac, M. Pierre de, ii. 422
Nonnette, ii. 20
Normandy, held by England, i. 21, 233 war in, i. 385, 387 French lose, ii. 23, 24 French conquest of, ii. 382
Norwich, Bishop of, ii. 309
Nostradamus, i. xxxvi; ii. 409, 410
Novelompont, Jean de, i. xxix, xxx, 81; ii. 386
Noviant, Dame de, i. 174
Noyon, Bishop of, i. 447; ii. 144, 299, 309, 388
Nucelles, Lord of, i. 123
Nuremberg, i. 221
Nyssa, i. 206
OGIVILLER, Chateau d', i. 19 Henri d', i. 19
Oise, The, ii. 44, 142, 145
Olet Stone, i. 115
Olibrius, Governor, i. 32-34; ii. 53
Olivet, i. 111, 113, 258
Olivier, Richard, ii. 385
Or, Mme. d', i. 433
_Oriflamme_, i. 182
Origen, i. 205
Orleans, i. xxii, 63, 410; ii. 4, 360, 386 administration of, prior to siege, i. 115 Bishop of, i. 447 citizens and garrison of, i. 122 description of, i. 108-114 Jeanne's house in, ii. 105 citizens of, buy off the English, i. 106 prepare for war, i. 116-121 refuse to surrender, i. 122 destroy their suburbs, i. 131 celebrate Noel, i. 133 send to the Duke of Burgundy, i. 142 hear of the Maid, i. 144 lose faith in their defenders, i. 230, 242, 281 pillage St.-Laurent, i. 234 penitence of, i. 236 their belief in Jeanne, i. 239, 461 welcome Jeanne, i. 268-273, 277; ii. 103 rebel against the knights, i. 272 overestimate the English forces, i. 280-282, 301 attack St.-Loup, i. 284-291 attack Les Tourelles, i. 296-313 poverty of, i. 331 recognise Jeanne as their commander, i. 339, 348, 366; ii. 84 defray expedition to Jargeau, i. 347; and to Beaugency, i. 366 their gifts to Jeanne, i. 355 defray costs, ii. 94 welcome Jeanne's impersonator, ii. 360, 367 City of: Aumone, i. 230 Bouchet Wharf, i. 258 Chesneau, i. 109, 125, 132, 311 Ecu St.-Georges, i. 241 Field of St.-Prive, i. 134 Hotel de la Pomme, i. 122 Ile de Charlemagne, i. 134 Ile Motte des Poissonniers, i. 111, 112 Ile Motte S.-Antoine, i. 111, 112 La Belle Croix, i. 111, 126, 295, 311 Jeanne at, i. 276 La Croix Boissee, i. 278 Le Portereau, i. 111, 112, 123, 131 Les Augustins, i. 261, 292 capture of, i. 297, 319 Les Tourelles, i. xviii, xxx, xli, 111, 124, 261, 362; ii. 149, 194 attack on, i. 125, 292, 296-313, 319, 461, 470 abandoned by French, i. 126 English garrison in, i. 130 London, i. 231, 281, 303 Olivet, i. 123 Paris, i. 231, 281, 283 attacked, i. 273 Pont Jacquemin-Rousselet, i. 111 Porte Bernier or Bannier, i. 110, 113, 122, 136 Porte de Bourgogne, i. 113, 120, 135, 258, 286, 296, 470 Jeanne enters by, i. 268, 269 Porte Paris, i. 110, 288 Porte du Pont, i. 110, 111, 276 Porte Renard, i. 114, 270, 278, 286, 302 stormed, i. 135, 136 Porte S.-Aignan, i. 110 Rouen, i. 231 Rue Aux-Petits-Souliers, i. 132; ii. 105 Rue de la Rose, i. 270, 294 Rue des Hotelleries, i. 130 Rue des Talmeliers, i. 270 S.-Aignan, i. 113, 120, 131 Ste.-Croix, i. 236, 270 S.-Euverte, i. 131 S.-Jean-de-Bray, i. 113 S.-Jean-le-Blanc, i. 113, 124 S.-Ladre, Chapel of, i. 113 S.-Laurent-des-Orgerils, _see_ under St.-Laurent St.-Loup, _see_ under St.-Loup S.-Michel, Church of, i. 113 St.-Paul, i. 258 St.-Pierre-Empont, i. 258 S.-Pierre-Ensentelee, i. 113 St.-Pouair, i. 262; attacked, i. 273 S.-Sulpice, i. 115 Tour de l'Abreuvoir, i. 110 Tour de la Barre-Flambert, i. 110 Tour Croiche-Meuffroy, i. 110 Tour Neuve, i. 109, 111, 125, 268, 297 Tour de Notre Dame, i. 110, 126 Tour Regnard, i. 110 Tour St.-Antoine, i. 111 Tour S. Samson, i. 110, 115 University of, i. 121 Siege of, i. xli journal of, i. xiii defences of, i. xli surrounded by English, i. 75 victuals sent by Mme. Yolande, i. 92 procession in, i. 123 first attack, i. 125 attack by Talbot, i. 132 semi-investment of, i. 134 sally from, i. 137 victuals enter, i. 232 Burgundians leave, i. 234 raised, i. 316 cost of, i. 332
Orleans, a herald, i. 118
Orleans, Duke of, _see_ Charles
Orly, Henri d', _see_ Henri of Savoy
Orne, The, i. 3
Ourches, Aubert d', i. 13, 81; ii. 357
Ours, Seigneur de l', ii. 125-133
Oxford, i. 274
PALM Sunday, i. 278
Pamiers, ii. 260
Panyngel, Richard, i. 123
Paradise, mediaeval conception of, i. 236, 237
Pardiac, ii. 38 Count of, i. 147
Paris, i. xxiii, 137, 154, 368, 386; ii. 9, 19 English occupation of, i. 21, 108; ii. 55, 57 Jeanne prophesies concerning, i. 201 Charles VII to enter, i. 247 Parliament of, i. 326 synod at, i. 410, 413 Jeanne outside, ii. 50-77 governed by Duke Philip, ii. 52, 53, 58 defences of, ii. 54, 55, 60, 66 Burgundian allegiance of, ii. 57, 58 citizens of, their dislike of Charles VII, ii. 58-60 their horror of Jeanne, ii. 59 attack on, ii. 64-70, 97 Armagnac Conspiracy in, ii. 128-131 examinations for witchcraft in, ii. 1, 185-187 Bishop of, ii. 187 Henry VI crowned in, ii. 350 returns to Charles VII, ii. 352 under Charles VII, ii. 371 Jeanne's impersonator in, ii. 371-374 City of: Hotel de l'Arbre-See, ii. 125 Hotel de l'Ours, ii. 125 Hotel de la Pomme de Pin, ii. 129 Inns of, ii. 125 Les Celestins, ii. 55 Les Moulins, ii. 63, 66 Montmartre, i. 417; ii. 20, 415 Pont Neuf, ii. 125 Porte St.-Antoine, ii. 129 Porte St.-Denys, ii. 55, 350 Porte St.-Martin, ii. 53, 60 Rue Barbette, i. 358 Rue St.-Antoine, ii. 125 St.-Antoine, ii. 54 Ste.-Chapelle, i. 395 St.-Denys, i. 326, 330 St.-Eloi, i. 410 Ste.-Genevieve, i. 413; ii. 62 St.-Honore, i. xxx; ii. 66 St.-Jean-en-Greve, i. 325 St.-Laurent, i. 60 St.-Merry, i. 415 University of, i. 166, 189, 409; ii. 54, 371 consulted, by the English, i. 274 opinion of Jeanne, ii. 98, 99, 294-297 rectors of, ii. 208 claim Jeanne for the inquisition, ii. 156, 172, 177, 190 decision of, ii. 299 mediates peace, ii. 352 error of, ii. 385 of Troy, i. 138
Parlament at Poitiers, i. 186
Partada, Alonzo de, i. 298, 299
Parthenay, i. 379
Pasquerel, Jean, i. xxiv, xxx, 249, 252, 259, 267, 283, 285, 300, 302, 306, 399; ii. 41, 109, 133, 189, 388 becomes Jeanne's chaplain, i. 218, 220, 221 Jeanne confesses to, i. 290, 307 writes at Jeanne's dictation, i. 295 Jeanne talks with, i. 342, 343 superseded, ii. 86 writes to Sigismund, ii. 112
Patay, Battle of, i. xii, xx, xlii, 369-376; ii. 22, 57, 109, 356 Town of, i. 373
_Patrie, la_, idea of, i. lx, lxiii-lxviii
Paul, Eleonore de, i. 217
Peniscola, ii. 37, 40
Penthesilea, Queen, i. 191, 222, 382
Pepin the Short, i. 395
Perceval de Cagny, i. 227
Perche, i. 387 Earl of, _see_ Salisbury
Perdriau, Guillaume, ii. 130
Perdriel, Jaquet, ii. 129, 130
_Periapts_, i. 274
Perigueux, ii. 97
Perinet, ii. 392
Perquin, Jean, ii. 127
Perrin, ii. 386
Petit, Gerard, ii. 210 Jean, i. 325; ii. 170
Pharaoh, i. 409
Philip, Duke of Burgundy, i. 91, 92, 325, 358, 361, 432, 438 welcomes the English, i. 21 ravages Vaucouleurs, i. 24 is offered Orleans as a pledge, i. 142, 233 invited to the coronation, i. 400, 456 the truce with, i. 458; ii. 7, 51-53, 107 commands Paris, ii. 52 his designs on Compiegne, ii. 139-151 exults over Jeanne, ii. 153 refuses to give her up, ii. 156, 159 makes peace with Charles, ii. 352
Philip the Good, i. 398
Philippe I, i. 459
Philippe VI, i. 79
Philippe le Bel, i. 183
Philippe of Valois, i. 148, 209, 250
Picardy, i. 388 held by England, i. 21
Pierre de Beauvau, i. 223 de la Chapelle, i. 121 de St.-Valerien, i. 167
Pierre de Versailles, i. 189 examines Jeanne, i. 194 rebukes Jeanne, i. 335 Isambard de la, i. xxvi; ii. 330, 341, 389
Pierronne of Brittany, ii. 86, 97, 119, 123, 185-187, 345
Pigache, Jean, ii. 248
Pillas, Jean, i. 271
Pinel, Dr., ii. 416
Pithiviers, i. 231
Plancy, Sire de, i. 407
Plutarch, i. xlvi
Poignant, Guyot, i. 58
Poiresson, ii. 392
Poissy, Abbey of, ii. 25
Poitiers, i. xlvii, 117, 164, 240, 326, 329, 343; ii. 81, 297, 318, 346 Battle of, i. 63, 102 Bishop of, i. 150 charged with examination of Jeanne, i. 188 Hotel de la Rose, i. 192 Parliament of, i. xvii, xxv, 187; ii. 103 examines Jeanne, i. xli, 185, 223, 239, 242; ii. 387 examines Guillaume the shepherd, ii. 166 poverty of, i. 188 Rue St.-Etienne, i. 216
Poitou, i. 148, 363; ii. 3
Pole, Alexander, i. 354 John, i. 123, 231 Sir John, i. 354 William, _see_ Suffolk, Earl of
Pomponne, M. de, ii. 409
Pont-a-Mousson, i. 61; ii. 135, 357
Pontanus, Paul, i. xxiii
Ponthieu, i. 388; ii. 196
Pont-l'Eveque, ii. 144, 272
Pontorson, Governor of, i. 123
Pont-Ste.-Maxence, ii. 107, 139, 146
Porcien, i. 128
Porete, Marguerite la, ii. 237, 294
Porphyrius, i. 39, 41
Port de Lates, i. 163
Poton de Saintrailles, i. 115, 121, 137, 139, 142, 149, 233, 304; ii. 142, 145, 348, 357 at Blois, i. 244 attacks Jargean, i. 332 at Patay, i. 372 on the way to Reims, i. 403 taken prisoner, ii. 349
Poulengy, _see_ Bertrand
Power, Hamish, i. 227; ii. 104 Heliote, i. 228; ii. 104
Poynings, Lord, i. 304, 310, 312
Pragmatic Sanction, ii. 379
Preaux, ii. 208 Abbot of, ii. 309
Premonstratensians, the, i. 473
Pressy, Jean de, ii. 192
Prestre, Jacquet le, i. 279
Preuilly, Jeanne de, i. 211
_Preux_, _Les_, i. 338
Priam of Troy, i. xiv, lxviii, 49, 382, 448; ii. 30
Priests, influence on Jeanne, i. xxxviii, 45-47, 64, 66, 79 adapt the prophecy of Merlin, i. 178-180 their view of her mission, i. 190 spread legends, ii. 28
Privat, ii. 165
Procops, The, ii. 110
Prophecies, adaptation of, i. 178-180 by Bede, i. 178 by Jeanne, i. 64, 67, 78, 143, 470-477; _see also_ under Jeanne d'Arc two distinct sources of, i. 78 by Merlin, i. 175-177 concerning Jeanne, i. 166, 196; ii. 29-32, 111, 239 literal interpretation of, i. 413, 426 of our Lord by Sibyls, i. 204, 205 of the Maiden Redemptress, revised, i. 45, 59, 80 royal heed of, i. 160-162
Prostitutes in the French army, i. 253, 291; ii. 74
Provins, ii. 3, 7, 8
Pucelle, i. 143
Puy-en-Velay, i. 218, 252; ii. 204 La Vierge Noire, i. 277
Puy, Jean du, i. 217
QUENAT, Jean, ii. 357
Quicherat, Jules, i. vii, x, xxxvii, l, lxi
Quillier, Jean, ii. 369
RABAN of Helmstat, ii. 363
Rabateau, Jean, Lay Attorney-General, Jeanne in the house of, i. 191-203; ii. 103
Rabelais, i. lxv
Raguenel, Tiphaine, i. 338
Raimondi, Cosmo, i. 384
Rainguesson, Jean, i. 5
Rais, Marechal de, Marshal of France, i. xv, xvi, 243, 258, 266, 282, 287, 292, 318, 372, 445, 450; ii. 34, 63, 67, 370, 392 at Les Tourelles, i. 298, 299, 304 resources of, i. 348 leads to Reims, i. 403
Rampston, Thomas, i. 124
Raphael, ii. 243, 416
Ratisbonne, ii. 423
Raymond, i. 252
Recollets, Des, ii. 410
Recordi, Pierre, ii. 260
Regent, _see_ Bedford
Regnart family, The, i. 270
Regnier de Bouligny, ii. 78
Regnault de Chartres, Chancellor of France, Archbishop of Reims, i. xli, xliii, xlix, 141, 169; ii. 10, 76, 142, 192, 299 held to ransom, i. 148 finds the coronation at Reims politic, i. 199, 392, 393, 442 at Blois, i. 243 career of, i. 153-156 gathers an army, i. 240 character of, i. 390, 476 approves of Jeanne, i. 390 crowns Charles VII, i. 447-449 questions Jeanne as to her death, ii. 15 policy of, ii. 53 tries a substitute for Jeanne, ii. 163-169, 347-351
Regnault, Guillaume, i. 354
Reims, i. 77, 143, 163, 209, 405; ii. 71, 116, 119, 211, 358, 383 Archbishop of, _see_ Regnault de Chartres ampulla of, i. 52, 56 Cathedral of, i. 445, 453 labyrinth in, i. 320 Charles VII, crowned at, i. 443-449 citizens of, welcome Charles VII, i. 394 surrender to Charles VII, i. 437-443 invoke help of Charles VII, ii. 4, 10 coronation at, prophesied, i. 198 Jeanne's letter to, ii. 107 Jeanne's progress to, i. 333, 385 Porte Dieulimire, i. 443 Remi, Bishop of, i. 50-53 route to, i. 393 Rue du Parvis, i. 451 St.-Denys, i. 444 Tau, i. 450
Reinach, M. Solomon, i. v
_Relation, La_, i. xviii
Remeswelle, ii. 140
Rene d'Anjou, Duke of Bar, Count of Vaudemont, i. 18, 26, 96, 389; ii. 393 restores cattle to Domremy, i. 27 character of, i. 91 succession of, disputed, i. 92
Requests, master of, i. 169
Ressons, ii. 138
Resurrections of unbaptized children, ii. 135-137, 261
Reuilly, i. 267
Rhodes, order of, i. 264
Richemont, Arthur, Duke of Brittany, Constable of France, Count of, i. 146, 147, 155, 370, 372 held to ransom, i. 176 at Beaugency, i. 363-367
Richer, Edmond, i. lv, viii
_Rifflart_, i. 132, 311
Rigueur, Jean le, ii. 130
Riom, ii. 93
Robert de Baudricourt, Captain of Vaucouleurs, i. xx, 61, 77, 81, 160, 351, 451; ii. 231, 266, 357 offends the Duke of Burgundy, i. 24 seen by Jacques d'Arc, i. 58 character of, i. 61 his opinion of Jeanne, i. 66, 78, 84, 87, 97 his letters concerning Jeanne, i. 87, 160, 162, 168 death of, ii. 392
Robert de Saarbruck, makes war against Didier et Durand de Saint-Die, i. 18, 20 a formidable neighbour, i. 22, 24, 58 taxes Domremy, i. 25
Robert, Duke of Bar, i. 61 the Wise, i. 392
Robine, Marie, i. 161
Roche, Jean, ii. 126
Roche, M. Louis Charrier de la, ii. 415
Rochechouart, Lord of, i. 139
Rochefort, Sire de, i. 407, 432, 433
Rogier, i. xxxii
Rolland the Scrivener, i. 166
Romain, Henri, ii. 188
_Romance of the Rose_, i. 359
Rome, i. 381; ii. 26, 99, 111, 374 Empress of, i. 449
Romee, Isabelle, mother of Jeanne, _see_ Isabelle origin of surname, i. 3
Romorantin, Jeanne at, i. 346
Rosier family, The, i. 192
Rostrenen, Francois de, i. 363, 381
Rouge Bombarde, ii. 140
Roule, ii. 66
Roussel, Raoul, ii. 208, 210, 293, 388
Rouvray-St.-Denis, i. 138, 139, 213, 229, 282 Battle of, i. 370
Rouen, i. xxiii, xxxii, li, 124, 332; ii. 24, 60, 171, 196, 386 Archbishop of, i. 395 Bourg-l'Abbe, ii. 308 Jeanne at, i. 464; ii. 198 Old Market Square, Jeanne is burnt in, ii. 335-342
Royer, Thevenin le, i. 5
Roze, Jeannette, i. 5
Ru, The, i. 363
Rude, i. lxiii
SAARBRUCK, Robert de, _see_ Robert
Sabbat, i. 150
Sabbath, fighting on the, i. 315
Sabinella, Queen, i. 35
Sablon, The, ii. 353
Sailly, i. 98
St.-Agnes, i. 208
St.-Aignan, i. 101, 392 story of, i. 118-120 shrine of, i. 236 intercedes for Orleans, i. 236, 314, 461 Charles VII at, i. 345
St.-Amance, i. 7
St.-Ambrose, i. 471
St.-Andrew, Cross of, i. 403; ii. 60, 66, 129
St.-Anthony of Padua, i. xxxix; ii. 272
St.-Augustine, i. 205
St.-Avy, Jean de, i. 142, 233; ii. 209
St.-Barbara, i. 208
St.-Bellin, Geoffroy de, ii. 124
St.-Benedict, order of, i. 189
St.-Benoit-sur-Loire, Jeanne at, i. 377
St.-Catherine, i. xxxix; ii. 139 history and martyrdom of, i. 34-41, 159, 328 her shrine and miracles at Fierbois, i. 102-105, 475 sword of, i. 223; ii. 75, 245 language of, i. 200 touches rings, i. 453 comforts Jeanne at Beaurevoir, ii. 180, 182 crown of, ii. 233 comforts Jeanne in prison, ii. 274 of Siena, i. xxxv, lxxii, 457, 469; ii. 167, 348
St. Catherine and St. Margaret, i. lvi, 194, 215, 239, 263, 333, 378, 437, 449; ii. 43 appear to Jeanne at Domremy, i. 42, 49, 57, 75 reassure Jeanne at Poitiers, i. 193 appear to Jeanne at Chinon and Tours, i. 224 bid Jeanne take the standard, i. 227 appear to Jeanne at Orleans, i. 285, 301, 340, 357 comfort Jeanne wounded, i. 307 appear at Rouen, ii. 325, 327 speak of Catherine de la Rochelle, ii. 90 foretell Jeanne's death, ii. 122 Jeanne's testimony concerning, ii. 242, 295, 296, 403-406 embraced by Jeanne, i. xxxiii; ii. 283, 404
Ste.-Catherine-de-Fierbois, i. 145; ii. 232
St.-Cecilia, i. 448
St.-Charlemagne, i. 182, 261; ii. 178
St.-Christina, i. 207
St.-Claire, Convent of Neufchateau, i. 71
St.-Clare, i. 459 order of, ii. 92
St.-Claude, i. 162
St.-Cyr, i. xxxvii
St.-Denys, i. xlv, 31, 57, 160, 189, 250, 335, 395, 417, 476; ii. 44, 46-49, 63, 265 head of, i. 326, 330; ii. 48, 61 story of, ii. 46-49 Jeanne at, ii. 46-53, 75 English sack, ii. 83 burial of Charles VII at, ii. 397
St.-Dizier, i. 26
St.-Dominic, i. xxxix order of, i. 189
St.-Dorothea, i. 207
St.-Etienne, i. 100; ii. 41 Cardinal, ii. 37
St.-Euphemia, i. 207
St.-Euphrosyne, i. 198
St.-Euverte, i. 118, 120, 392 intercedes for Orleans, i. 236, 314, 461
St.-Florentin, i. 407
St.-Florent-les-Saumur, i. 183, 353 Abbey of, i. 184
St.-Fort, i. 459
St.-Francis of Assisi, i. xxxix, 213, 220; ii. 166, 348 order of, i. 71-73
St.-Gabriel, ii. 253
St.-Genevieve, i. 208
St.-George, i. 250, 278; ii. 420 shield of, i. 130 story of, i. 159 English cry of, i. 273
St.-Georges de Boscherville, ii. 208
St.-Gilles, Lord, i. 372
St.-Gregoire de Tours, ii. 21
St.-Gregory, Pope, i. 85 of Nyssa, i. 206
St.-Hubert's Day, i. 371
St.-Jean-d'-Angers, ii. 139
St.-Jean-de-Braye, i. 258, 268
St.-Jean-de-la Ruelle, i. 136
St.-Jean-des-Bois, i. 198
St.-Jean-le-Blanc, i. 231, 261, 263, 268, 293, 297, 298
St.-Jerome, i. 205
St.-John the Baptist, high repute of, i. 5 day of, i. 344, 464; ii. 123, 253, 356, 362
St.-John the Evangelist, i. 206, 414, 430; ii. 165, 310
St.-Julien, i. 157
St.-Ladre, i. 136, 143
St.-Laurent-des-Orgerils, i. 112, 114, 119 English camp at, i. 131, 134, 244, 261, 276, 278, 288, 292, 303, 307, 313 pillaged by citizens of Orleans, i. 234
St.-Laurence's Eve, ii. 60
St.-Lawrence, i. 157; ii. 48
St.-Lo, ii. 208, 219 prior of, ii. 309
St.-Louis, i. 57, 159, 219, 261, 445; ii. 14, 48, 178 crown of, i. 475
St.-Loup, i. xli, 113, 134, 264 Abbaye aux Dames, i. 289 attack on, i. 284-291, 319, 461 Convent of the Ladies of, i. 287 English occupy, i. 231, 268
St.-Luke, ii. 230
St.-Marc, i. 268
St.-Marcellin, i. 180
St.-Marcoul, i. 459
St.-Marcoul-de-Corberry, i. 459
St.-Marie-de-Vaucouleurs, i. 79
St.-Margaret, i. liv, 194, 263 history and martyrdom of, i. 32-34 honoured in France, i. 31 language of, i. 200; ii. 254 Church of, at Elincourt, ii. 139 _see_ St. Catherine and St. Margaret
St.-Mark, ii. 230
St.-Martha, i. xxix
St.-Martin-de-Tours, i. 165
St.-Martin-le-Bouillant, ii. 345
St.-Martin's Day, i. lxix; ii. 181, 253
St.-Mary Magdalen, ii. 48
St.-Maurice, i. 404; ii. 420
St.-Mesmin, Aignan de, ii. 360
St.-Michael, i. lxxiv, 118, 141, 160, 194, 263, 333, 378, 437; ii. 316, 341 patron saint of France, i. 29, 30; ii. 49 appears to St. Catherine, i. 37, 193 visits Jeanne, i. 29, 44, 56, 57, 58, 340; ii. 197, 243 Feast of, i. 314 personal appearance of, i. xxxiii; ii. 255, 278 letters from, i. xliii; ii. 267, 272
St.-Nicholas, Chapel of, i. 88
St.-Nicholas-du-Port, i. 90, 97
St.-Nicolas-le-Painteur, ii. 246
St.-Ouen, ii. 208, 308
St.-Paul, i. 55, 213; ii. 216, 267
St.-Peravy, i. 373, 374
St.-Peter, i. 51, 55, 162, 206
St.-Phal, i. 407, 412, 418, 422
St.-Pierre de Chaumont, Priory of, i. 189
St.-Pierre-le-Moustier, attack on, ii. 84, 85, 93
St.-Pol, Bastard, i. 20
St.-Prive, i. 292, 302
St.-Quentin, ii. 154
St.-Remi, i. 4, 198, 445, 447 history of, i. 49-53 miracles of, i. 54, 55
St.-Riquier, ii. 196
St.-Sanxon, ii. 362
St.-Sauveur, i. 103
Ste.-Segolene, ii. 366
St.-Sigismond, i. 256, 373, 377
St.-Sixtus, i. 51
St.-Thecla, i. 207
St.-Theresa, ii. 402
St.-Thiebault Spring, i. 9
St.-Thomas, i. lxviii
St.-Urbain, Abbey of, i. 98
St.-Urbain, Pope, i. 98
St.-Valery, ii. 198
St.-Vallier, Sire de, ii. 67
Saint Simon, ii. 410
Saints consulted, i. 337
Sakya Muni, i. xix
Salisbury, Earl of, i. 116, 151, 287; 149, 348 invades France, i. 108 reaches Janville, i. 122 death of, i. 126, 127
Salm, Count of, _see_ Jean
Salon-en-Crau, i. xxxvi; ii. 407
Salvart, Jean, ii. 199, 201
Samoy, i. 113
Samson, i. 384
Samuel, i. 447, 448
Sanguin, Guillaume, ii. 58
Saonelle, The, i. 2
Sarmaize, Maid of, ii. 392, 393
Satan, ii. 296
Saul, i. 447, 454
Saulcy, i. 88
Saumoussay, ii. 393
Saumur, i. 103, 379; ii. 393
Sauve, Catherine, i. 210
Savignies, ii. 348
Savin Renaud, ii. 128-130
Savoy, Duke of, _see_ Amedee
Scales, Thomas, Lord of, i. 123, 135, 231, 245, 261 summoned by Jeanne to surrender, i. 276 at Meung, i. 362 taken prisoner at Patay, i. 375, 397, 399
Scarron, i. lv; ii. 412
Scotland, i. 154
Secret, the King's, i. 172
Seguent, Jean, ii. 207
Seguin, Brother, examines Jeanne, i. 189, 200; ii. 387
Seez, Bishop of, i. 447; ii. 53, 183
Seille, The, ii. 353
Sein, Island of, i. 204
Seine, The, i. 100, 388; ii. 4, 78
Selles-en-Berry, i. 450; ii. 9 Jeanne at, i. 338-346; ii. 78
Selles-sur-Cher, i. 101
Semendria, i. 249
Semoy, i. 268
Seneca, i. lxvii
Senlis, ii. 11, 20, 34, 44, 53, 76, 83, 144 Jeanne at, ii. 138, 165, 195, 356
Senlis, Bailie of, ii. 131 horse of bishop of, ii. 45, 261
Sens, i. 403, 410, 413; ii. 78
Sepet, Marius, i. lxi
Septfonds, i. 88
Sept-Saulx, Castle of, i. 443
Sermaize, i. 15, 16 siege of, i. 24
Severac, Marshal de, ii. 38
Seville, i. 167
Shakespeare, quoted, i. 233
_Sibylla Francica_, i. xxii, 473
Sibyls, The, i. 165, 175, 204, 205, 322, 385, 414; ii. 27, 30
Sicily, Queen of, _see_ Yolande
Sidon, ii. 296
Siena, i. 249, 412
Sigismund, Emperor, i. 215; ii. 109, 112, 380
Sigy, ii. 208
Simon, Jeannotin, ii. 322 Magus, i. 162
Siquemville, Jean de, ii. 371
Soissons, i. 460; ii. 7, 11, 142, 261, 356 Charles III at, ii. 1-3
Solomon, King, i. 128, 212; ii. 187, 217
Somme, The, i. 394; ii. 197
Songs, by a Norman Clerk, i. 128
Sorel, M. Alexandre, i. vii
Spencer, Richard, i. 375
Speyer, Bishop of, ii. 363
Spiers, i. 473
Sprenger, ii. 222
Stafford, Humphrey, Earl of, ii. 202, 203
Standard, Jeanne's, i. 227, 343, 448; ii. 67 at Les Tourelles, i. 308-310
States General, The, i. 149-151
Stenay, i. 81
Stuart, John, i. 137 Lord William, i. 135, 137, 139
Suave, Catherine, i. 163
Suffolk, Earl of, i. 123, 245, 261; ii. 20, 348 summoned by, Jeanne, i. 276 in Jargeau, i. 349-354 William Pole, Earl of, i. 115, 135
Suger, Abbot, ii. 47
Sully, i. xxxi, xlix; ii. 120, 185 Jeanne at, ii. 106-118
Suzannah, ii. 80
TACHOV, ii. 110
_Taille_, i. 150
Talbot, Sir John, i. xvi, 115, 135, 231, 245, 345, 368; ii. 20, 348 approaches Les Tourelles, i. 132 conducts the siege, i. 260 summoned by Jeanne to surrender, i. 262, 276 sallies from St.-Laurent, i. 288 plans of, i. 301-305, 313 advance of, i. 367 taken prisoner at Patay, i. 374, 375, 377, 397, 399 William, ii. 225
Talmont, Abbot of, i. 189
Taquel, ii. 389
Tarascon, beast of, i. xxix
Tarentaise, Pierre of, ii. 265
Terence, ii. 306, 331
Termes, Sire de, i. 369, 376
Theaulde de Valpergue, i. 129
Theodosius, i. 32, 198
Therouanne, Bishop of, defends Paris, ii. 60, 202, 299, 309, 340
Thevanon of Bourges, ii. 369
Thevenin, Jeannette, ii. 386
Thibault, Gobert, i. xxix, 194, 196, 258
Thibonville, Germain de, i. 166
Thiembronne, Guichard de, ii. 143
Thoisy, Jean de, i. 398
Thoneletil, Jean de, ii. 366
Thons, i. 163
Thouars, Baron de, i. 137, 140
Tichemont, ii. 365
Tiffanges, ii. 370
Tiphaine, Jean, ii. 240, 401
Tillay, Jamet du, i. 140, 144, 169, 347 reports of Jeanne, i. 238
Tillemonts, i. lvii
Titivillus, i. lxxiv
Tobias, ii. 243
Tonnerre, i. 412
Torcenay, Jean de, ii. 210
Toul, i. xxiii, 30, 68, 73 89 Bishop of, i. 18
Toulouse, i. 111, 189, 190, 240, 337 seneschal of, ii. 96
Touque, The, i. 388
Touraine, i. 101, 108, 149, 150, 217; ii. 211
Tournai, citizens of, invited to Reims, i. 397 their loyalty to France, i. 398, 399; ii. 188, 192
Touroulde, Marguerite de la, i. xxviii; ii. 79-82, 388
Tours, i. 151, 161, 240, 254, 475; ii. 104, 139, 369 Jeanne at, i. 216-229, 319 resists pillage, i. 217 trades of, i. 221 Charles VII at, i. 331 Council at, ii. 396 prays for deliverance of Jeanne, ii. 161 loyal to Charles VII, ii. 183, 184
_Tractatus_, _de Haeresi_ ii. 215
Tree of Vauru, ii. 12-14
Trent, Council of, i. xxxvii
Treves, ii. 363 Lord of, i. l, 153, 211, 331, 333, 427; ii. 183
Trie, Pierre de, i. 70
Tringant, i. ix
Trinitarians, The, i. 275
Trinte-du-mont-St.-Catherine, ii. 208
Troissy, Jean de, ii. 124, 131, 132
Troyes, i. xxvi, xxxii, 275, 389, 394, 405, 410; ii. 2, 49, 59, 71, 86, 116, 228, 383 English disposition of, i. 407 manufactures of, i. 407 Bishop of, i. 408 Charles VII at, i. 411, 421-434 Jeanne's letter to, i. 419 Council of, write to Reims, i. 420, 424, 429 treat with Charles, i. 421-431 opinion of Jeanne, i. 422 St.-Pierre, i. 423 fortifications of, i. 424 Comporte Gates, i. 427 the Madeleine, i. 427 surrender of, i. 466 Treaty of, i. xxxix, xlviii, 60, 82, 379, 408, 409, 423; ii. 158, 176, 209
Truce, with Burgundy, ii. 51-53
Tudert, Jean, ii. 76
Turelure, Pierre, i. 189, 190 examines Jeanne, i. 193
Turks, threaten Constantinople, i. 249
Turlaut, Collot, i. 24
Turlupines, The, ii. 64
UDALRIC OF MANDERSCHEIT, ii. 363
Ulrich, Count of Wurtemberg, ii. 362
Unicorn and the Maid, i. 208
Ursins, Jean Jouvenel des, ii. 385
Uruffe, i. 60
VAILLY, i. 460; ii. 1
Valenciennes, ii. 193
Valens, the Emperor, i. 197
Valentia, ii. 37
Valentine of Milan, i. 358
Valois, peasants of, ii. 10
Valpergue, i. 129
Van Eyck, Brothers, i. 402
Varambon, Lord of, i. 465
Varro, i. 205, 322
Varville, i. 451
Vaucouleurs, situation of, i. 1, 2 castellany of, i. 19, 22, 24, 26 besieged by de Vergy, i. 69, 77 Jeanne at, i. xxiii, xxxviii, 57, 61, 67, 95, 161, 211, 212, 351, 451, 473; ii. 231, 353, 357, 386
Vaudemont, Count of, _see_ Rene d'Anjou
Vaudrey, Philibert de, i. 412
Vauru, Lord Denis de, ii. 12-14
Vauseul, Jeanne le, i. 76
Vaux, Pasquier de, ii. 208
Vavasour warns King John, i. xxxvi, 63, 163; ii. 266
Vegetius, i. 302
Velleda, i. 204
Velly, Jean de, ii. 103
Venderes, Nicolas de, ii. 208, 210, 218, 329, 331
Vendome, Count of, i. xii, 347, 355, 446; ii. 8, 34, 53, 63, 76, 83, 142, 194 presents Jeanne to Charles, i. 169 at Patay, i. 372, 379
Venette, ii. 145, 150, 164
Venice, i. 130
Venus, i. 166
Verdun, Bishop of, i. 18, 24
Verduzan, Lord of, i. 137, 139
Vergy, Antoine de, i. 69, 70, 77 lays siege to Vaucouleurs, i. 87
Vergy Jean de, Seneschal of Burgundy, i. 26, 69
Vermandois, i. 442; ii. 159 bailie of, ii. 353
Verneuil, i. xlvii, 25, 63, 106, 123, 229, 145, 146; ii. 197 Crotoy Tower, i. 183, 185
Versailles, ii. 407 bishop of, ii. 415
Vesle, The, i. 443
Vian de Bar, i. 465
Vienne, The, i. 158 University of, ii. 366
Vierzon, i. 155
Vignolles, Etienne de, _see_ La Hire
Vigny, Alfred de, i. lxix
Villars, i. 121 Lord of, i. 296, 304 reports of Jeanne, i. 238
Villedart, Thevenin, i. 272; ii. 369
Villette, Lord of, ii. 366
Villon, Francois, i. lxv
Vincennes, Castle of, ii. 57 Fort of, i. 386
Virgil's _AEneid_, ii. 306, 331
Virgin Mary, The, position of, i. 206 image of, at Tours, i. 219 intercedes for Orleans, i. 327
Virginity, special virtues of, i. 204-211, 322; ii. 367
Virgo, i. 166
Viriville, Vallet de, i. vii, lxi
Visconti, The, ii. 41
Vittel, Jeannette de, i. 5, 12 Thiesselin, de, i. 5, 20
Vivien, i. 175
Vitre, i. 338
Voices, hallucinatory, i. xxxiii; ii. 22, 401-406 first heard by Jeanne, i. 29 reveal her mission, i. 44, 47, 56 at Vaucouleurs, i. 62, 78 at Neufchateau, i. 74 at Chinon and Tours, i. 224 at Orleans, i. 295 at Les Tourelles, i. 308 at St.-Denys, ii. 76 Jeanne questioned concerning, i. 193, 197; ii. 229-235, 238, 242, 253, 258, 261, 268, 272, 277, 283 instruct Jeanne as to the English, i. 260 visit Jeanne daily, i. 340 counsel Jeanne before Patay, i. 370 foretell French victory, i. 457 speak of Paris, ii. 65 forbid escape, ii. 181 instruct Jeanne that she must see Henry VI, ii. 160 forbid her revelations, ii. 223, 234, 237, 255, 269 Jeanne in prison sustained by, ii. 235, 258, 289, 291, 293 bid Jeanne protest against Erard, ii. 311, 325 bid her recant, ii. 314 _see also_ under Ste.-Catherine, St.-Michael, _and_ Jeanne d'Arc
Voltaire, i. lvii
Vouthon, Henri de, i. 3, 15, 16, 47; ii. 393 Isabella de, i. 59 at Puy, i. 252 Jean de, i. 25; ii. 392 Mengette de, i. 7, 24, 48, 76 Nicolas de, i. 252 Perrinet de, i. 16
WALDAIRES, Jean, i. 70
Wallon, H., i. lxi
Wals, Jean de, i. 81
Walter, Richard, i. 124
War of the Apple Baskets, i. 92; ii. 8 a punishment for sin, i. 235 a trade, i. 395
Warwick, Earl of, i. li, 129; ii. 177, 198, 202, 213, 240, 319, 324, 328, 348
Wearmouth, i. 178
Well-dressings, i. 156
Wells, Mr. H.G., i. lxix
William, Duke of Normandy, i. 123
Winchester, i. 177 Bishop of, i. 107 Cardinal of, i. 441; ii. 20, 110, 213, 309, 319, 340
Windecke, Eberhard de, i. xxii
Windsor, i. 275, 359
Wine, valued, i. 279
Witchcraft, i. 190 suspected at Domremy, i. 13, 15 Jeanne suspected of, i. 69, 274; _see_ Jeanne and wounds, i. 306 trials for, ii. 207, 222
Witches, burnt, i. 163; ii. 187
Wurtemberg, Count Ulrich of, ii. 362
YOLANDE of Aragon, Queen of Sicily, Duchess of Anjou, i. 26, 91, 92, 147, 152, 211, 217, 240, 389, 458; ii. 8, 183, 216, 351 sends victuals to Orleans, i. 92, 240 at Blois, i. 243
Yonne, The, i. 100, 407; ii. 78
Ysabeau, Queen, i. 22, 60, 80, 172, 395, 423; ii. 41, 58, 178
ZABILLET, Romee, i. 3
Zacharias, ii. 230
Zizka, ii. 115