chapter I
gave some of Mr. Dodgson's letters to Miss Edith Rix; the two which follow, being largely about children, seem more appropriate here:--
My dear Edith,--Would you tell your mother I was aghast at seeing the address of her letter to me: and I would much prefer "Rev. C.L. Dodgson, Ch. Ch., Oxford." When a letter comes addressed "Lewis Carroll, Ch. Ch.," it either goes to the Dead Letter Office, or it impresses on the minds of all letter-carriers, &c., through whose hands it goes, the very fact I least want them to know.
Please offer to your sister all the necessary apologies for the liberty I have taken with her name. My only excuse is, that I know no other; and how _am_ I to guess what the full name is? It _may_ be Carlotta, or Zealot, or Ballot, or Lotus-blossom (a very pretty name), or even Charlotte. Never have I sent anything to a young lady of whom I have a more shadowy idea. Name, an enigma; age, somewhere between 1 and 19 (you've no idea how bewildering it is, alternately picturing her as a little toddling thing of 5, and a tall girl of 15!); disposition--well, I _have_ a fragment of information on _that_ question--your mother says, as to my coming, "It must be when Lottie is at home, or she would never forgive us." Still, I _cannot_ consider the mere fact that she is of an unforgiving disposition as a complete view of her character. I feel sure she has some other qualities besides.
Believe me,
Yrs affectionately,
C.L. Dodgson.
My dear child,--It seems quite within the bounds of possibility, if we go on long in this style, that our correspondence may at last assume a really friendly tone. I don't of course say it will actually do so--that would be too bold a prophecy, but only that it may tend to shape itself in that direction.
Your remark, that slippers for elephants _could_ be made, only they would not be slippers, but boots, convinces me that there is a branch of your family in _Ireland_. Who are (oh dear, oh dear, I am going distracted! There's a lady in the opposite house who simply sings _all_ day. All her songs are wails, and their tunes, such as they have, are much the same. She has one strong note in her voice, and she knows it! I _think_ it's "A natural," but I haven't much ear. And when she gets to that note, she howls!) they? The O'Rixes, I suppose?
About your uninteresting neighbours, I sympathise with you much; but oh, I wish I had you here, that I might teach you _not_ to say "It is difficult to visit one's district regularly, like every one else does!"
And now I come to the most interesting part of your letter-- May you treat me as a perfect friend, and write anything you like to me, and ask my advice? Why, _of course_ you may, my child! What else am I good for? But oh, my dear child-friend, you cannot guess how such words sound to _me_! That any one should look up to _me_, or think of asking _my_ advice--well, it makes one feel humble, I think, rather than proud--humble to remember, while others think so well of me, what I really _am_, in myself. "Thou, that teachest another, teachest thou not thyself?" Well, I won't talk about myself, it is not a healthy topic. Perhaps it may be true of _any_ two people, that, if one could see the other through and through, love would perish. I don't know. Anyhow, I like to _have_ the love of my child-friends, tho' I know I don't deserve it. Please write as freely as _ever_ you like.
I went up to town and fetched Phoebe down here on Friday in last week; and we spent _most_ of Saturday upon the beach--Phoebe wading and digging, and "as happy as a bird upon the wing" (to quote the song she sang when first I saw her). Tuesday evening brought a telegram to say she was wanted at the theatre next morning. So, instead of going to bed, Phoebe packed her things, and we left by the last train, reaching her home by a quarter to 1 a.m. However, even four days of sea-air, and a new kind of happiness, did her good, I think. I am rather lonely now she is gone. She is a very sweet child, and a thoughtful child, too. It was very touching to see (we had a little Bible-reading every day: I tried to remember that my little friend had a soul to be cared for, as well as a body) the far-away look in her eyes, when we talked of God and of heaven--as if her angel, who beholds His face continually, were whispering to her.
Of course, there isn't _much_ companionship possible, after all, between an old man's mind and a little child's, but what there is is sweet--and wholesome, I think.
Three letters of his to a child-friend, Miss Kathleen Eschwege, now Mrs. Round, illustrate one of those friendships which endure: the sort of friendship that he always longed for, and so often failed to secure:--
[Illustrations and: Facsimile of a "Looking-Glass Letter" from Lewis Carroll to Miss Edith Ball.]
Ch. Ch., Oxford, _October_ 24, 1879.
My dear Kathleen,--I was really pleased to get your letter, as I had quite supposed I should never see or hear of you again. You see I knew only your Christian name--not the ghost of a surname, or the shadow of an address--and I was not prepared to spend my little all in advertisements--"If the young lady, who was travelling on the G.W. Railway, &c." --or to devote the remainder of my life to going about repeating "Kathleen," like that young woman who came from some foreign land to look for her lover, but only knew that he was called "Edward" (or "Richard" was it? I dare say you know History better than I do) and that he lived in England; so that naturally it took her some time to find him. All I knew was that _you_ could, if you chose, write to me through Macmillan: but it is three months since we met, so I was _not_ expecting it, and it was a pleasant surprise.
Well, so I hope I may now count you as one of my child-friends. I am fond of children (except boys), and have more child-friends than I could possibly count on my fingers, even if I were a centipede (by the way, _have_ they fingers? I'm afraid they're only feet, but, of course, they use them for the same purpose, and that is why no other insects, _except centipedes_, ever succeed in doing _Long Multiplication_), and I have several not so very far from you--one at Beckenham, two at Balham, two at Herne Hill, one at Peckham--so there is every chance of my being somewhere near you _before the year_ 1979. If so, may I call? I am _very_ sorry your neck is no better, and I wish they would take you to Margate: Margate air will make _any_ body well of _any_ thing.
It seems you have already got my two books about "Alice." Have you also got "The Hunting of the Snark"? If not, I should be very glad to send you one. The pictures (by Mr. Holiday) are pretty: and you needn't read the verses unless you like.
How do you pronounce your surname? "esk-weej"? or how? Is it a German name?
If you can do "Doublets," with how many links do you turn KATH into LEEN?
With kind remembrances to your mother, I am
Your affectionate friend,
Charles L. Dodgson
(_alias_ "Lewis Carroll").
Ch. Ch., Oxford, _January_ 20, 1892.
My dear Kathleen,--Some months ago I heard, from my cousin, May Wilcox, that you were engaged to be married. And, ever since, I have cherished the intention of writing to offer my congratulations. Some might say, "Why not write _at once?"_ To such unreasoning creatures, the obvious reply is, "When you have bottled some peculiarly fine Port, do you usually begin to drink it _at once?"_ Is not that a beautiful simile? Of course, I need not remark that my congratulations are like fine old Port--only finer, and _older!_
Accept, my dear old friend, my _heartiest_ wishes for happiness, of all sorts and sizes, for yourself, and for him whom you have chosen as your other self. And may you love one another with a love second only to your love for God--a love that will last through bright days and dark days, in sickness and in health, through life and through death.
A few years ago I went, in the course of about three months, to the weddings of three of my old child-friends. But weddings are not very exhilarating scenes for a miserable old bachelor; and I think you'll have to excuse me from attending _yours_.
However, I have so far concerned myself in it that I actually _dreamed_ about it a few nights ago! I dreamed that you had had a photograph done of the wedding-party, and had sent me a copy of it. At one side stood a group of ladies, among whom I made out the faces of Dolly and Ninty; and in the foreground, seated in a boat, were two people, a gentleman and a lady I _think_ (could they have been the bridegroom and the bride?) engaged in the natural and usual occupation for a riverside picnic--pulling a Christmas cracker! I have no idea what put such an idea into my head. _I_ never saw crackers used in such a scene!
I hope your mother goes on well. With kindest regards to her and your father, and love to your sisters--and to yourself too, if HE doesn't object!--I am,
Yours affectionately,
C.L. Dodgson.
P.S.--I never give wedding-presents; so please regard the enclosed as an _unwedding_ present.
Ch. Ch., Oxford, _December_ 8, 1897.
My dear Kathleen,--Many thanks for the photo of yourself and your _fiancé_, which duly reached me January 23, 1892. Also for a wedding-card, which reached me August 28, 1892. Neither of these favours, I fear, was ever acknowledged. Our only communication since, has been, that on December 13, 1892, I sent you a biscuit-box adorned with "Looking-Glass" pictures. This _you_ never acknowledged; so I was properly served for my negligence. I hope your little daughter, of whose arrival Mrs. Eschwege told me in December, 1893, has been behaving well? How quickly the years slip by! It seems only yesterday that I met, on the railway, a little girl who was taking a sketch of Oxford!
Your affectionate old friend,
C.L. Dodgson.
The following verses were inscribed in a copy of "Alice's Adventures," presented to the three Miss Drurys in August, 1869:--
_To three puzzled little girls, from the Author._
Three little maidens weary of the rail, Three pairs of little ears listening to a tale, Three little hands held out in readiness, For three little puzzles very hard to guess. Three pairs of little eyes, open wonder-wide, At three little scissors lying side by side. Three little mouths that thanked an unknown Friend, For one little book, he undertook to send. Though whether they'll remember a friend, or book, or day-- In three little weeks is very hard to say.
He took the same three children to German Reed's entertainment, where the triple bill consisted of "Happy Arcadia," "All Abroad," and "Very Catching." A few days afterwards he sent them "Phantasmagoria," with a little poem on the fly-leaf to remind them of their treat:--
Three little maids, one winter day, While others went to feed, To sing, to laugh, to dance, to play, More wisely went to--Reed.
Others, when lesson-time's begun, Go, half inclined to cry, Some in a walk, some in a run; But _these_ went in a--Fly.
I give to other little maids A smile, a kiss, a look, Presents whose memory quickly fades, I give to these--a Book.
_Happy Arcadia _may blind, While _all abroad,_ their eyes; At home, this book (I trust) they'll find A _very catching_ prize.
The next three letters were addressed to two of Mr. Arthur Hughes' children. They are good examples of the wild and delightful nonsense with which Lewis Carroll used to amuse his little friends:--
My dear Agnes,--You lazy thing! What? I'm to divide the kisses myself, am I? Indeed I won't take the trouble to do anything of the sort! But I'll tell _you_ how to do it. First, you must take _four_ of the kisses, and--and that reminds me of a very curious thing that happened to me at half-past four yesterday. Three visitors came knocking at my door, begging me to let them in. And when I opened the door, who do you think they were? You'll never guess. Why, they were three cats! Wasn't it curious? However, they all looked so cross and disagreeable that I took up the first thing I could lay my hand on (which happened to be the rolling-pin) and knocked them all down as flat as pan-cakes! "If _you_ come knocking at _my_ door," I said, "_I_ shall come knocking at _your_ heads." "That was fair, wasn't it?"
Yours affectionately,
Lewis Carroll.
My dear Agnes,--About the cats, you know. Of course I didn't leave them lying flat on the ground like dried flowers: no, I picked them up, and I was as kind as I could be to them. I lent them the portfolio for a bed--they wouldn't have been comfortable in a real bed, you know: they were too thin--but they were _quite_ happy between the sheets of blotting-paper--and each of them had a pen-wiper for a pillow. Well, then I went to bed: but first I lent them the three dinner-bells, to ring if they wanted anything in the night.
You know I have _three_ dinner-bells--the first (which is the largest) is rung when dinner is _nearly_ ready; the second (which is rather larger) is rung when it is quite ready; and the third (which is as large as the other two put together) is rung all the time I am at dinner. Well, I told them they might ring if they happened to want anything--and, as they rang _all_ the bells _all_ night, I suppose they did want something or other, only I was too sleepy to attend to them.
In the morning I gave them some rat-tail jelly and buttered mice for breakfast, and they were as discontented as they could be. They wanted some boiled pelican, but of course I knew it wouldn't be good _for_ them. So all I said was "Go to Number Two, Finborough Road, and ask for Agnes Hughes, and if it's _really_ good for you, she'll give you some." Then I shook hands with them all, and wished them all goodbye, and drove them up the chimney. They seemed very sorry to go, and they took the bells and the portfolio with them. I didn't find this out till after they had gone, and then I was sorry too, and wished for them back again. What do I mean by "them"? Never mind.
How are Arthur, and Amy, and Emily? Do they still go up and down Finborough Road, and teach the cats to be kind to mice? I'm _very_ fond of all the cats in Finborough Road.
Give them my love. Who do I mean by "them"? Never mind.
Your affectionate friend,
Lewis Carroll.
[Illustration: Arthur Hughes and his daughter Agnes. _From a photograph by Lewis Carroll._]
My dear Amy,--How are you getting on, I wonder, with guessing those puzzles from "Wonderland"? If you think you've found out any of the answers, you may send them to me; and if they're wrong, I won't tell you they're right!
You asked me after those three cats. Ah! The dear creatures! Do you know, ever since that night they first came, they have _never left me?_ Isn't it kind of them? Tell Agnes this. She will be interested to hear it. And they _are_ so kind and thoughtful! Do you know, when I had gone out for a walk the other day, they got _all_ my books out of the bookcase, and opened them on the floor, to be ready for me to read. They opened them all at page 50, because they thought that would be a nice useful page to begin at. It was rather unfortunate, though: because they took my bottle of gum, and tried to gum pictures upon the ceiling (which they thought would please me), and by accident they spilt a quantity of it all over the books. So when they were shut up and put by, the leaves all stuck together, and I can never read page 50 again in any of them!
However, they meant it very kindly, so I wasn't angry. I gave them each a spoonful of ink as a treat; but they were ungrateful for that, and made dreadful faces. But, of course, as it was given them as a treat, they had to drink it. One of them has turned black since: it was a white cat to begin with.
Give my love to any children you happen to meet. Also I send two kisses and a half, for you to divide with Agnes, Emily, and Godfrey. Mind you divide them fairly.
Yours affectionately,
C.L. Dodgson.
The intelligent reader will make a discovery about the first of the two following letters, which Miss Maggie Cunningham, the "child-friend" to whom both were addressed, perhaps did not hit upon at once. Mr. Dodgson wrote these two letters in 1868:--
Dear Maggie,--I found that _the friend, _that the little girl asked me to write to, lived at Ripon, and not at Land's End--a nice sort of place to invite to! It looked rather suspicious to me--and soon after, by dint of incessant inquiries, I found out that _she_ was called Maggie, and lived in a Crescent! Of course I declared, "After that" (the language I used doesn't matter), "I will _not_ address her, that's flat! So do not expect me to flatter."
Well, I hope you will soon see your beloved Pa come back--for consider, should you be quite content with only Jack? Just suppose they made a blunder! (Such things happen now and then.) Really, now, I shouldn't wonder if your "John" came home again, and your father stayed at school! A most awkward thing, no doubt. How would you receive him? You'll say, perhaps, "you'd turn him out." That would answer well, so far as concerns the boy, you know--but consider your Papa, learning lessons in a row of great inky schoolboys! This (though unlikely) might occur: "Haly" would be grieved to miss him (don't mention it to _her_).
No _carte_ has yet been done of me, that does real justice to my _smile_; and so I hardly like, you see, to send you one. However, I'll consider if I will or not--meanwhile, I send a little thing to give you an idea of what I look like when I'm lecturing. The merest sketch, you will allow--yet still I think there's something grand in the expression of the brow and in the action of the hand.
Have you read my fairy tale in _Aunt Judy's Magazine?_ If you have you will not fail to discover what I mean when I say "Bruno yesterday came to remind me that _he_ was my god-son!"--on the ground that I "gave him a name"!
Your affectionate friend,
C.L. Dodgson.
P.S.--I would send, if I were not too shy, the same message to "Haly" that she (though I do not deserve it, not I!) has sent through her sister to me. My best love to yourself--to your Mother my kindest regards--to your small, fat, impertinent, ignorant brother my hatred. I think that is all.
[Illustration: What I look like when I'm Lecturing. _From a drawing, by Lewis Carroll._]
My dear Maggie,--I am a very bad correspondent, I fear, but I hope you won't leave off writing to me on that account. I got the little book safe, and will do my best about putting my name in, if I can only manage to remember what day my birthday is--but one forgets these things so easily.
Somebody told me (a little bird, I suppose) that you had been having better photographs done of yourselves. If so, I hope you will let me buy copies. Fanny will pay you for them. But, oh Maggie, how _can_ you ask for a better one of me than the one I sent! It is one of the best ever done! Such grace, such dignity, such benevolence, such--as a great secret (please don't repeat it) the _Queen_ sent to ask for a copy of it, but as it is against my rule to give in such a case, I was obliged to answer--
"Mr. Dodgson presents his compliments to her Majesty, and regrets to say that his rule is never to give his photograph except to _young_ ladies." I am told she was annoyed about it, and said, "I'm not so old as all that comes to!" and one doesn't like to annoy Queens; but really I couldn't help it, you know.
I will conclude this chapter with some reminiscences of Lewis Carroll, which have been kindly sent me by an old child-friend of his, Mrs. Maitland, daughter of the late Rev. E.A. Litton, Rector of Naunton, and formerly Fellow of Oriel College and Vice-Principal of Saint Edmund's Hall:--
To my mind Oxford will be never quite the same again now that so many of the dear old friends of one's childhood have "gone over to the great majority."
Often, in the twilight, when the flickering firelight danced on the old wainscotted wall, have we--father and I--chatted over the old Oxford days and friends, and the merry times we all had together in Long Wall Street. I was a nervous, thin, remarkably ugly child then, and for some years I was left almost entirely to the care of Mary Pearson, my own
## particular attendant. I first remember Mr. Dodgson when I
was about seven years old, and from that time until we went to live in Gloucestershire he was one of my most delightful friends.
I shall never forget how Mr. Dodgson and I sat once under a dear old tree in the Botanical Gardens, and how he told me, for the first time, Hans Andersen's story of the "Ugly Duckling." I cannot explain the charm of Mr. Dodgson's way of telling stories; as he spoke, the characters seemed to be real flesh and blood. This particular story made a great impression upon me, and interested me greatly, as I was very sensitive about my ugly little self. I remember his impressing upon me that it was better to be good and truthful and to try not to think of oneself than to be a pretty, selfish child, spoiled and disagreeable; and, after telling me this story, he gave me the name of "Ducky." "Never mind, little Ducky," he used often to say, "perhaps some day you will turn out a swan."
I always attribute my love for animals to the teaching of Mr. Dodgson: his stories about them, his knowledge of their lives and histories, his enthusiasm about birds and butterflies enlivened many a dull hour. The monkeys in the Botanical Gardens were our special pets, and when we fed them with nuts and biscuits he seemed to enjoy the fun as much as I did.
Every day my nurse and I used to take a walk in Christ Church Meadows, and often we would sit down on the soft grass, with the dear old Broad Walk quite close, and, when we raised our eyes, Merton College, with its walls covered with Virginian creeper. And how delighted we used to be to see the well-known figure in cap and gown coming, so swiftly, with his kind smile ready to welcome the "Ugly Duckling." I knew, as he sat beside me, that a book of fairy tales was hidden in his pocket, or that he would have some new game or puzzle to show me--and he would gravely accept a tiny daisy-bouquet for his coat with as much courtesy as if it had been the finest hot-house _boutonnière_.
Two or three times I went fishing with him from the bank near the Old Mill, opposite Addison's Walk, and he quite entered into my happiness when a small fish came wriggling up at the end of my bent pin, just ready for the dinner of the little white kitten "Lily," which he had given me.
My hair was a great trouble to me, as a child, for it would tangle, and Mary was not too patient with me, as I twisted about while she was trying to dress it. One day I received a long blue envelope addressed to myself, which contained a story-letter, full of drawings, from Mr. Dodgson. The first picture was of a little girl--with her hat off and her tumbled hair very much in evidence--asleep on a rustic bench under a big tree by the riverside, and two birds, holding what was evidently a very important conversation, above in the branches, their heads on one side, eyeing the sleeping child. Then there was a picture of the birds flying up to the child with twigs and straw in their beaks, preparing to build their nest in her hair. Next came the awakening, with the nest completed, and the mother-bird sitting on it; while the father-bird flew round the frightened child. And then, lastly, hundreds of birds--the air thick with them--the child fleeing, small boys with tin trumpets raised to their lips to add to the confusion, and Mary, armed with a basket of brushes and combs, bringing up the rear! After this, whenever I was restive while my hair was being arranged, Mary would show me the picture of the child with the nest on her head, and I at once became "as quiet as a lamb."
I had a daily governess, a dear old soul, who used to come every morning to teach me. I disliked particularly the large-lettered copies which she used to set me; and as I confided this to Mr. Dodgson, he came and gave me some copies himself. The only ones which I can remember were "Patience and water-gruel cure gout" (I always wondered what "gout" might be) and "Little girls should be seen and not heard" (which I thought unkind). These were written many times over, and I had to present the pages to him, without one blot or smudge, at the end of the week.
One of the Fellows of Magdalen College at that time was a Mr. Saul, a friend of my father's and of Mr. Dodgson, and a great lover of music--his rooms were full of musical instruments of every sort. Mr. Dodgson and father and I all went one afternoon to pay him a visit. At that time he was much interested in the big drum, and we found him when we arrived in full practice, with his music-book open before him. He made us all join in the concert. Father undertook the 'cello, and Mr. Dodgson hunted up a comb and some paper, and, amidst much fun and laughter, the walls echoed with the finished roll, or shake, of the big drum--a roll that was Mr. Saul's delight.
My father died on August 27, 1897, and Mr. Dodgson on January 14, 1898. And we, who are left behind in this cold, weary world can only hope we may some day meet them again. Till then, oh! Father, and my dear old childhood's friend, _requiescalis in pace!_
* * * * *
BIBLIOGRAPHY
"NOTES ON THE FIRST TWO BOOKS OF EUCLID." 1860 Oxford: Parker. 8vo. 6d
"PHOTOGRAPHS." (?)1860 (Printed for private circulation; a list of negatives taken by the Rev. C. L. Dodgson.) Pp. 4, 4to
"A SYLLABUS OF PLANE ALGEBRAICAL GEOMETRY," 1860 systematically arranged, with formal definitions, postulates, and axioms. By Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Part I. Containing Points, Right Lines, Rectilinear Figures, Pencils and Circles. Oxford: Parker. Pp. xvi + 164, 8vo. Cloth, paper label. 5s
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"THE NEW BELFRY OF CHRIST CHURCH, OXFORD." A 1872 Monograph. By D.C.L. Oxford: Parker. Pp. 2 + 31, cr. 8vo. In wrapper. 6d. (Five editions.)
"ENUNCIATIONS, EUCLID, I.-VI." 1873 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"OBJECTIONS, SUBMITTED TO THE GOVERNING BODY of 1873 Christ Church, Oxford, against certain proposed alterations in the Great Quadrangle." Oxford: Printed at the University Press. Pp. 4, 4to. [Printed for Private Circulation.]
"THE VISION OF THE THREE T's." A Threnody. By the 1873 Author of "The New Belfry." Oxford. Parker. Pp. 37 + 3, 8vo. In wrapper, 9d. (Three editions.)
"A DISCUSSION OF THE VARIOUS MODES OF PROCEDURE IN 1873 CONDUCTING ELECTIONS." Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"EUCLID, BOOK V. PROVED ALGEBRAICALLY," so far as 1874 it relates to Commensurable Magnitudes. To which is prefixed a summary of all the necessary algebraical operations, arranged in order of difficulty. By Charles L. Dodgson. Oxford: Parker. Pp. viii + 62, 8vo. Cloth. 3s. 6d.
"SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE BEST METHOD OF TAKING VOTES, 1874 where more than two Issues are to be voted on." Oxford: Hall and Stacy. Pp. 8, 8vo.
"THE BLANK CHEQUE." A Fable. By the Author of "The 1874 New Belfry," and "The Vision of The Three T's" Oxford: Parker. Pp. 14 + 2, cr. 8vo. In wrapper. 4d.
"PRELIMINARY ALGEBRA, AND EUCLID Book V." 1874 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"THE DYNAMICS OF A PARTI-CLE." 1874 Oxford: Parker. Pp. 24, cr. 8vo. In wrapper. 6d.
"THE NEW METHOD OF EVALUATION AS APPLIED TO pi." 1874 Oxford: Parker. Pp. 16, cr. 8vo. In wrapper. 4d.
"FACTS, FIGURES, AND FANCIES," relating to the 1874 Elections to the Hebdomadal Council, the Offer of the Clarendon Trustees, and the Proposal to convert the Parks into Cricket-Grounds. Oxford: Parker. Pp. 29 + 3, cr. 8vo. In wrapper. 8d.
"NOTES BY AN OXFORD CHIEL." 1874 Oxford: Parker. Cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. [This book consists of the following six pamphlets bound together--"The New Method of Evaluation," "The Dynamics of a Particle," "Facts, Figures, and Fancies," "The New Belfry," "The Vision of the Three T's," and "The Blank Cheque."]
"EXAMPLES IN ARITHMETIC." 1874 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"EUCLID, BOOKS I. and II." Edited by Charles L. 1875 Dodgson. Oxford: Parker. Diagram, Title, Preface, and pp. 102, cr. 8vo. Cloth. [The book was circulated privately among Mathematical friends for hints. "Not yet published" was printed above title.]
"THE PROFESSORSHIP OF COMPARATIVE PHILOLOGY." 1876 (Three leaflets.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"A METHOD OF TAKING VOTES OF MORE THAN TWO 1876 ISSUES." Oxford: Printed at the University Press. Pp. 20, cr. 8vo. [A note on the title-page runs as follows: "As I hope to investigate this subject further, and to publish a more complete pamphlet on the subject, I shall feel greatly obliged if you will enter in this copy any remarks that occur to you, and return it to me any time before--"]
LETTER AND QUESTIONS TO HOSPITALS. Oxford: 1876 Printed at the University Press.
"AN EASTER GREETING." [Reprinted in London, by 1876 Macmillan & Co., in 1880.]
"FAME'S PENNY TRUMPET." Not published. 1876 Oxford: Baxter. Pp. 4, 4to. [Afterwards published in "Rhyme? and Reason?"]
"THE HUNTING OF THE SNARK." An Agony, in Eight 1876 Fits. By Lewis Carroll. With nine illustrations by Henry Holiday. London: Macmillan. Pp. xi + 83, 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. 4s.. 6d.
"THE RESPONSIONS OF HILARY TERM, 1877." 1877 (A letter to the Vice-Chancellor.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"A CHARADE." (Written with a cyclostyle.) Pp. 4. 1878
"WORD-LINKS." (A game, afterwards called 1878 "DOUBLETS," invented by the Rev. C.L. Dodgson.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press. Pp. 4, 8vo.[There is also a form written with a cyclostyle.]
"DOUBLETS." A Word-Puzzle. By Lewis Carroll. 1879 London: Macmillan. Pp. 73, 8vo. Cloth. 2s. (2nd edition, 1880.)
"EUCLID AND HIS MODERN RIVALS." 1879 London: Macmillan. 8vo. Cloth. 6s. (2nd edition, 1885. Pp. xxxi + 275.)
"DOUBLETS." A Word-Puzzle. By Lewis Carroll. 1880 Oxford: Printed at the University Press. Pp. 8. 8vo. [This Puzzle appeared in Vanity Fair, April 19, 1879.]
"LETTER FROM MABEL TO EMILY." To illustrate common 1880 errors in letter-writing. (Written with a cyclostyle.)
"LIZE'S AVONTUREN IN HET WONDERLAND." (?)1881 Naar het Engelsch. [A Dutch version of "Alice in Wonderland."] Nijmegen. 4to.
"ON CATCHING COLD." (A pamphlet, consisting of 1881 extracts from two books by Dr. Inman.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"JABBERWOCKY." (Lewis Carroll's Poem, with A.A. 1881 Vansittart's Latin rendering.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
NOTICE RE CONCORDANCE TO "IN MEMORIAM." 1881 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"LANRICK." A Game for Two Players. 1881 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
A CIRCULAR ABOUT THE "SCHOOL OF DRAMATIC ART." 1882 Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"AN ANALYSIS OF THE RESPONSIONS-LISTS FROM 1882 MICHAELMAS, 1873, to Michaelmas, 1881." Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
CIRCULAR ASKING FOR SUGGESTIONS FOR A GIRLS' 1882 EDITION OF SHAKESPEARE. Oxford: Printed at the University Press. [Two different forms, one pp. 2, the other pp. 4.]
"EUCLID, BOOKS I. and II." 1882 London: Macmillan. Printed in Oxford. Pp. xi + 108. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. [Seven editions were subsequently published.]
"DREAMLAND." A Song. Words by Lewis Carroll; music 1882 by Rev. C. E. Hutchinson. Oxford: Printed at the University Press.
"MISCHMASCH." (A game invented by the Rev. C. L. 1882 Dodgson.) Oxford: Printed at the University Press. Two editions.
"RHYME? AND REASON?" By Lewis Carroll. With 1883 sixty-five illustrations by Arthur B. Frost, and nine by Henry Holiday. London: Macmillan. Pp. xii + 214, cr. 8vo. Cloth, 7s. (Now in its 6th thousand.) [This book is a reprint, with a few additions, of "The Hunting of the Snark," and of the comic portions of "Phantasmagoria and Other Poems."]
"LAWN TENNIS TOURNAMENTS: THE TRUE METHOD OF 1883 ASSIGNING PRIZES, with a Proof of the Fallacy of the Present Method." London: Macmillan. Printed in Oxford. 8vo.
"RULES FOR RECKONING POSTAGE." 1883 Oxford: Baxter.
"TWELVE MONTHS IN A CURATORSHIP." 1884 By One who has tried it. Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 52, 8vo
SUPPLEMENT TO DITTO. 1884 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 8, 8vo
POSTSCRIPT TO DITTO. 1884 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 2, 8vo.
"CHRISTMAS GREETINGS." 1884 London: Macmillan.
"THE PROFITS OF AUTHORSHIP." By Lewis Carroll. 1884 London: Macmillan. 8vo. 6d.
"THE PRINCIPLES OF PARLIAMENTARY REPRESENTATION." 1884 London: Harrison. Pp. 56, 8vo. (Reprinted in 1885.)
SUPPLEMENT TO DITTO. 1885 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 8, 8vo. Two editions.
POSTSCRIPT TO SUPPLEMENT TO DITTO. 1885 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, 8vo. Two editions.
SUPPLEMENT TO FIRST EDITION OF "EUCLID AND HIS 1885 MODERN RIVALS." London: Macmillan. 8vo. 1s
"A TANGLED TALE." By Lewis Carroll. With six 1885 illustrations by Arthur B. Frost. London: Macmillan. Printed in Oxford. Pp. 152, cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. 4s. 6d. (Now in its 4th thousand.) [First appeared in Monthly Packet, April, 1882-November, 1884. There are also separate reprints of each "Knot," and of the Answers to "Knots" I. and II.]
"PROPOSED PROCURATORIAL CYCLE." 1885 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, 4to.
"THE PROCURATORIAL CYCLE. FURTHER REMARKS." 1885 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 3, 4to.
"SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE ELECTION OF PROCTORS." 1885 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, 4to. (Reprinted, with additions, in 1886)
"ALICE'S ADVENTURES UNDER GROUND." By Lewis 1886 Carroll. With thirty-seven illustrations by the author. London: Macmillan. Pp. viii + 95, cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. 4s. (Now in its 4th thousand.) [This book is a facsimile of the original Manuscript story, afterwards developed into "Alice in Wonderland."]
"THREE YEARS IN A CURATORSHIP." 1886 By one whom it has tried. Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 32, cr. 8vo.
"REMARKS ON THE REPORT OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE." 1886 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 8, cr. 8vo.
"REMARKS ON MR. SAMPSON'S PROPOSAL." 1886 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, cr. 8vo.
"OBSERVATIONS ON MR. SAMPSON'S PROPOSAL." 1889 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 12, 8vo.
"FIRST PAPER ON LOGIC." 1886 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 2, 8vo.
"FOURTH PAPER ON LOGIC." 1886 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 3, 8vo.
"FIFTH PAPER ON LOGIC." 1887 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, 8vo.
"SIXTH PAPER ON LOGIC." 1887 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, 8vo.
"QUESTIONS IN LOGIC." 1887 Oxford: Printed by E. Baxter. Pp. 4, fcap. fol.
"ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND; AND THROUGH THE 1887 LOOKING-GLASS." People's editions, 1 vol. London: Macmillan. Cr. 8vo. Cloth. 4s. 6d.
"THE GAME OF LOGIC." By Lewis Carroll. 1887 London: Macmillan. Pp. 96, cr. 8vo. Cloth. 3s.
"CURIOSA MATHEMATICA, Part I. A New Theory of 1888 Parallels." By C. L. Dodgson. London: Macmillan. Pp. 75. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. (Reprinted in 1889, 1890, and 1895.)
"MEMORIA TECHNICA." [Written with a cyclostyle.] 1888 Pp. 4
"CIRCULAR BILLIARDS FOR TWO PLAYERS." Invented, in (?)1889 1889, by Lewis Carroll. Two editions
"SYLVIE AND BRUNO." By Lewis Carroll. With 1889 forty-six illustrations by Harry Furniss. London: Macmillan. Pp. xxiii + 400, cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. (Now in its 13th thousand.) [The picture on p. 77 was drawn by Miss Alice Havers.]
"THE NURSERY 'ALICE.'" Containing twenty coloured 1890 enlargements from Tenniel's illustrations to "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland." With text adapted to nursery readers by Lewis Carroll. The cover designed and coloured by E. Gertrude Thomson. London: Macmillan. Pp. 56, 4to. Boards. 4s. (Now in its 11th thousand.)
"EIGHT OR NINE WISE WORDS ABOUT LETTER-WRITING." 1890 By Lewis Carroll. Oxford: Emberlin and Son. (Now in its 5th edition.) [This pamphlet is sold with the "Wonderland" Postage-Stamp Case, published by Messrs. Emberlin and Son.]
"THE STRANGER CIRCULAR." (A leaflet sent by Mr. 1890 Dodgson to people who wrote to him about his "Lewis Carroll" books, addressing the envelope to Rev. C. L. Dodgson.) Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
CIRCULAR, asking friends to send addresses of 1890 stationers likely to sell the "Wonderland" Postage-Stamp Case. Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
CIRCULAR SENT TO VARIOUS HOSPITALS, offering free 1890 copies of Lewis Carroll's books. Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
LIST OF INSTITUTIONS to which above was to be sent. 1890 Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
CIRCULAR, ADDRESSED TO THE GOVERNING BODY OF 1891 CHRIST CHURCH, Oxford, about the proposal to invite M.A.'s to dine at High Table.
"A POSTAL PROBLEM." June, 1891. 1891
DITTO, Supplement. 1891
A CIRCULAR ABOUT RESIGNATION OF CURATORSHIP. 1892 Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
A CIRCULAR ABOUT "UNPARLIAMENTARY" WORDS 1892 used by some competitors in the "Syzygies" competition in The Lady. Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
"CURIOSISSIMA CURATORIA." By 'Rude Donatus.' 1892 (A Pamphlet sent to all resident members of Christ Church Common Room.) Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
"EIGHTH PAPER ON LOGIC." 1892 Oxford: Printed by Sheppard. [A revised version of one page was printed in same year.]
"NINTH PAPER ON LOGIC." 1892 Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
"NOTES TO LOGIC PAPERS EIGHT AND NINE." 1892 Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
"CURIOSA MATHEMATICA, Part III. PILLOW PROBLEMS," 1893 thought out during wakeful hours, by C. L. Dodgson. London, Macmillan: Printed in Oxford. Pp. xvii + 109, 8vo. Cloth, 1st and 2nd editions. (Reprinted in 1894, 1895.)
"SYZYGIES AND LANRICK." By Lewis Carroll. 1893 London: The Lady office. Pp. 26. 6d.
"SYLVIE AND BRUNO CONCLUDED." By Lewis Carroll. 1893 With forty-six illustrations by Harry Furniss. London: Macmillan. Pp. xxi + 423, cr. 8vo. Cloth, gilt edges. 7s.6d. (Now in its 3rd thousand.) [The picture on p. 409 was drawn by Miss Alice Havers.]
"A DISPUTED POINT IN LOGIC." 1894
"WHAT THE TORTOISE SAID TO ACHILLES." (Reprinted 1894 from Mind, December, 1894.) Pp. 4.
"A FASCINATING MENTAL RECREATION FOR THE YOUNG." (?)1895 (A circular about Symbolic Logic, signed "Lewis Carroll.")
"RESIDENT WOMEN-STUDENTS." 1896 (A circular, signed "Charles L Dodgson.") Oxford: Printed by Sheppard.
"SYMBOLIC LOGIC. Part I. Elementary." By Lewis 1896 Carroll. London: Macmillan. Pp. xxxi + 192, cr. 8vo. Cloth. 2s. (Now in its 4th edition.)
"THREE SUNSETS AND OTHER POEMS." By Lewis Carroll. 1898 With twelve Fairy-Fancies by E. Gertrude Thomson. London: Macmillan. Pp. 68, fcap. 4to. Cloth, gilt edges. 4s. [This book is a reprint, with additions, of the serious portions of "Phantasmagoria and Other Poems."]
"TO MY CHILD-FRIEND." (A poem, reprinted in "The No date Game of Logic.") Pp. 2
"THE ALPHABET-CIPHER." No date
* * * * *
INDEX
A
Abdy, Miss Dora,
Albany, The Duchess of,
"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland,"
"Alice's Adventures Underground,"
"Alice" Operetta, The,
Alice, Princess,
"Alice, The Nursery,"
Allen, Mrs. Egerton,
Anderson, Mrs.,
Atkinson, Miss G.,
Atkinson, Rev. F. H.,
B
Baden-Powell, Sir George,
Bayne, Rev. T. Vere,
Bennie, Mrs.,
"Blank Cheque, The,"
Bowman, Miss Isa,
Bremer, Miss,
"Bruno's Revenge,"
C
Calverley, C. S.,
Chataway, Miss G.,
Chevalier, Albert,
Circle-squarers,
_College Rhymes,_
College Servants,
_Comic Times, The,_
Cook Wilson, Professor,
Croft,
Cunningham, Miss M.,
D
Daresbury,
"Deserted Parks, The,"
"Determinants, An Elementary Treatise On,"
Dodgson, Archdeacon,
Dodgson, Captain,
Dodgson, Mrs.,
"Dotheboys Hall,"
"Dreamland,"
Drury, Miss
Dymes, Miss
"Dynamics of a Parti-cle, The"
E
Egerton, Lord Francis
Elphin, The Bishop of
Elsdon
Eschwege, Miss K.
Eternal Punishment
"Euclid and His Modern Rivals"
"Euclid, Books I. and II."
"Euclid, Book V."
Exhibition, The Great
F
"Facts, Figures, and Fancies"
Freiligrath Kroeker, Mrs.
Frost, A.B.
Furniss, Harry
G
"Game of Logic, The"
Gatty, Mrs.
General Elections
H
Harrison, Frederic
Holiday, Henry
Hopley, Rev. H.
Hughes, Arthur
Hughes, Miss Agnes
"Hunting of the Snark, The"
Hutchinson, Rev. C.E.
J
_Jabberwock, The_
Jackson, Miss F.
Jelf, Canon
Jowett, Dr.
K
Kean, Mrs.
Kingsley, Henry
Kitchin, Miss Alexandra (Xie)
L
"Lays of Sorrow"
Liddell, Dr.
Liddell, Miss Alice
Liddon, Canon
"Little Minister, The"
Longley, Archbishop
M
Macdonald, George
Maitland, Mrs.
Manners, Miss M.E.
Maurier, George du
Mechanical "Humpty Dumpty," The
"Memoria Technica"
_Misch-Masch_
Moscow
N
Natural Science
"New Belfry, The"
"New Method of Evaluation, The"
"New Theory of Parallels, The"
Nijni Novgorod
"Notes by an Oxford Chiel"
P
Paget, Dean
Paget, Sir James
Paine, Miss Adelaide
Patmore, Coventry
Paton, Sir Noel
"Phantasmagoria"
"Pillow Problems"
Potsdam
Price, Professor
"Profits of Authorship, The"
Pusey, Dr.
R
_Rectory Umbrella, The_
"Rhyme? and Reason?"
Richmond
Rix, Miss Edith
Rugby
Ruskin, John
S
Salisbury, The Marquis of
St. Petersburg
Sanday, Professor
Simpson, Miss Gaynor
Smedley, Frank
Standen, Miss Isabel
"Sylvie and Bruno"
"Sylvie and Bruno Concluded"
"Symbolic Logic, Part I."
"Syzygies"
T
Tait, Archbishop
"Tangled Tale, A"
Taylor, Tom
Tenniel, Sir John
Tennyson, Alfred
Terry, Miss Ellen
Terry, Miss Kate
Thackeray, W.M.
Thomson, Miss E.G.
"Three Sunsets"
"Through the Looking-Glass"
_Train, The_
"Twelve Months in a Curatorship"
V
Vansittart, A.A.
"Vision of The Three T's, The"
Vivisection
W
Wilberforce, Bishop
"Wise Words on Letter-Writing"
"Wonderland" Stamp-Case, The
Woodhouse, Rev. G.C.
Y
Yates, Edmund
Yonge, Miss Charlotte M.
* * * * *
FOOTNOTES.
[Footnote 001: Perhaps an incorrect expression, as it was only the second attempt.]
[Footnote 002: The science of taking medicine in infinitely small doses.]
[Footnote 003:
1 _________________________ 1000000000000000000000000
]
[Footnote 004: A Man's history of his own life.]
[Footnote 005: The author of "The Bandy-legged Butterfly."]
[Footnote 006: Afterwards President of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.]
[Footnote 007: Or a pulling by the ear.]
[Footnote 008: This Rectory has been supposed to have been built in the time of Edward VI., but recent discoveries clearly assign its origin to a much earlier period. A stone has been found in an island formed by the river Tees on which is inscribed the letter "A," which is justly conjectured to stand for the name of the great King Alfred, in whose reign this house was probably built.]
[Footnote 009: The poet entreats pardon for having represented a donkey under this dignified name.]
[Footnote 010: With reference to these remarkable animals see "Moans from the Miserable," page 12.]
[Footnote 011: A full account of the history and misfortunes of these interesting creatures may be found in the first "Lay of Sorrow," page 36.]
[Footnote 012: It is a singular fact that a donkey makes a point of returning any kicks offered to it.]
[Footnote 013: This valiant knight, besides having a heart of steel and nerves of iron, has been lately in the habit of carrying a brick in his eye.]
[Footnote 014: She was sister to both.]
[Footnote 015: The reader will probably be at a loss to discover the nature of this triumph, as no object was gained, and the donkey was obviously the victor; on this point, however, we are sorry to say, we can offer no good explanation.]
[Footnote 016: Much more acceptable to a true knight than "corn-land" which the Roman people were so foolish as to give to their daring champion, Horatius.]
[Footnote 017: Lewis Carroll composed this poem while staying with his cousins, the Misses Wilcox, at Whitburn, near Sunderland. To while away an evening the whole party sat down to a game of verse-making, and "Jabberwocky" was his contribution.]
[Footnote 018: Coesper from coena and vesper.]
[Footnote 019: Lubriciles, from lubricus and graciles. See the commentary in "Humpty Dumpty's square," which will also explain ultravia, and, if it requires explanation, moestenui.]
[Footnote 020: Sanguis meus: Verg. Aen. vi. 836--"Projice tela manu, sanguis meus!"]
[Footnote 021: Egnia: "muffish"--segnis; therefore "uffish" = egnis. This is a conjectural analogy, but I can suggest no better solution.]
[Footnote 022: Susuffrus: "whiffling," susurrus: "whistling."]
[Footnote 023: Spicula: see the picture.]
[Footnote 024: Burbur: apparently a labial variation of murmur, stronger but more dissonant.]
[Footnote 025: This poem is reproduced here by the kind permission of the proprietors of Punch.]