Part 13
Full many a dreary hour have I past, My brain bewildered, and my mind o’ercast With heaviness; in seasons when I’ve thought No sphery strains by me could e’er be caught From the blue dome, though I to dimness gaze On the far depth where sheeted lightning plays; Or, on the wavy grass outstretched supinely, Pry ’mong the stars, to strive to think divinely: That I should never hear Apollo’s song, Though feathery clouds were floating all along The purple west, and, two bright streaks between, The golden lyre itself were dimly seen: That the still murmur of the honey-bee Would never teach a rural song to me: That the bright glance from beauty’s eyelids slanting Would never make a lay of mine enchanting, Or warm my breast with ardour to unfold Some tale of love and arms in time of old.
_Keats._
* * * * *
No din Invades the temple of their mind;--the mirth And sighs of men are sounds to them unknown, Though well they know the spirit’s inward groan; And mortal agonies belong to them As well as to their fellow men; for death Hath passed on all who draw the vital breath, And where sin is, there doth the law condemn. Ah, hapless men! relentless Silence keeps Her watchpost at the portals of the ear; No heavenly word or sound approacheth near And music’s melting influence in lasting stillness sleeps.
_MacKellar._
* * * * *
There was a poet whose untimely tomb No human hands with pious reverence reared, But the charmed eddies of autumnal winds Built o’er his mouldering bones a pyramid Of mouldering leaves in the waste wilderness; A lovely youth!--no mourning maiden decked With weeping flowers, or votive cypress wreath, The lone couch of his everlasting sleep: Gentle and brave, and generous, no lorn bard Breathed o’er his dark fate one melodious sigh: He lived, he died, he sang, in solitude. Strangers have wept to hear his passionate notes, And virgins, as unknown he past, have sighed And wasted for fond love of his wild eyes. The fire of those soft orbs has ceased to burn, And Silence, too, enamoured of that voice, Locks its mute music in her rugged cell.
_Shelley._
* * * * *
How blest the Solitary’s lot, Who, all-forgetting, all-forgot, Within his humble cell, The cavern wild with tangling roots, Sits o’er his newly-gathered fruits, Beside his crystal well! Or, haply, to his evening thought, By unfrequented stream, The ways of men are distant brought, A faint collected dream: While praising, and raising His thoughts to heaven on high, As wand’ring, meand’ring, He views the solemn sky. Than I, no lonely hermit placed Where never human footstep traced, Less fit to play the part; The lucky moment to improve, And just to stop, and just to move, With self-respecting art: But ah! those pleasures, loves, and joys Which I too keenly taste, The Solitary can despise, Can want, and yet be blest! He needs not, he heeds not, Or human love or hate, Whilst I here must cry here, At perfidy ingrate!
_Burns._
DEATH OF THE FLOWERS.
The melancholy days are come, the saddest of the year, Of wailing winds, and naked woods, and meadows brown and sere. Heaped in the hollow of the grove, the withered leaves lie dead; They rustle to the eddying gust and to the rabbit’s tread. The robin and the wren are flown, and from the shrub the jay, And from the wood-top calls the crow, through all the gloomy day. Where are the flowers, the young fair flowers, that lately sprang and stood, In brighter light and softer airs, a beauteous sisterhood? Alas! they all are in their graves; the gentle race of flowers Are lying in their lonely beds, with the fair and good of ours. The rain is falling where they lie: but the cold November rain Calls not, from out the gloomy earth, the lovely ones again. The wind-flower and the violet, they perished long ago, And the wild-rose and the orchis died, amid the summer glow; But on the hill the golden-rod, and the aster in the wood, And the yellow sunflower by the brook, in autumn beauty stood, Till fell the frost from the clear cold heaven, as falls the plague on men, And the brightness of their smile was gone, from upland, glade, and glen. And now, when comes the calm mild day, as still such days will come, To call the squirrel and the bee from out their winter home; When the sound of dropping nuts is heard, though all the trees are still, And twinkle in the smoky light the waters of the rill, The south wind searches for the flowers whose fragrance late he bore, And sighs to find them in the wood and by the streams no more. And then I think of one who in her youthful beauty died, The fair meek blossom that grew up and faded by my side: In the cold moist earth we laid her, when the forest cast the leaf, And we wept that one so lovely should have a life so brief: Yet not unmeet it was that one, like that young friend of ours, So gentle and so beautiful, should perish with the flowers.
_Bryant._
Dictionary of Flowers,
WITH THEIR EMBLEMATIC SIGNIFICATIONS.
Acacia Friendship. ---- Rose Elegance. Acanthus The Arts. Achillea millefolia War. Adonis, Flos Painful Recollections. Agrimony Thankfulness. Almond-tree Indiscretion. Aloe Grief. Amaranth Immortality. Amaryllis Pride. Anemone Forsaken. ----, Field Sickness. Angelica Inspiration. Angrec Royalty. Apple blossom Preference. Ash tree Grandeur. Asphodel My Regrets follow you to the Grave. Aster, China Variety. ---- After-thought. Balm of Gilead Cure. ---- Gentle Joking. Balsam Impatience. Barberry Sourness of temper. Basil Hate. Beech Prosperity. Bilberry Treachery. Bladder-nut Frivolous amusement. Borage Bluntness. Box tree Stoicism. Bramble Envy. Broom Humility. ---- Ardour. Buck-bean Calm repose. Bugloss Falsehood. Bulrush Indiscretion. Burdock Touch me not. Buttercup Ingratitude.
Cactus, Virginia Horror. Canterbury Bell Constancy. Catchfly Snare. Champignon Suspicion. Cherry tree Good education. Chestnut tree Do me justice. Chicory Frugality. Cinquefoil Beloved daughter. Circæa Spell. Clematis Artifice. Clot-bur Rudeness. Clove tree Dignity. Columbine Folly. Convolvulus, Night Night. Coriander Hidden merit. Corn Riches. Cornbottle Delicacy. Cornel Cherry tree Durability. Cowslip, American You are my divinity. Cress Resolution. Crown Imperial Power. Cuscuta Meanness. Cypress Mourning.
Daffodil Self-love. Daisy Innocence. ----, Garden I share your sentiments. ----, Wild I will think of it. Dandelion The rustic oracle. Day-Lily, Yellow Coquetry. Dittany Childbirth. Dock, Patience Patience Dodder Meanness.
Ebony tree Blackness. Eglantine Poetry.
Fennel Strength. Fig Longevity. Fir tree Elevation. Flax I feel your kindness. Flower-de-Luce Flame. Forget-Me-Not Forget me not. Fraxinella Fire. Fuller’s Teasel Misanthropy. Geranium, Pencilled leaf Ingenuity. ----, Rose-scented Preference. ----, Scarlet Stupidity. ----, Sorrowful Melancholy mind. ----, Wild Steadfast piety. Grass Utility.
Hawthorn Hope. Hazel Peace, reconciliation. Heart’s-ease Think of me. Heath Solitude. Heliotrope, Peruvian Devoted attachment. Hellenium Tears. Hepatica Confidence. Holly Foresight. Hollyhock Ambition. Honeysuckle Generous and devoted affection. Hop Injustice. Hornbeam Ornament. Horse-chestnut Luxury. Hortensia You are cold. Hyacinth Game, play.
Ice-plant Your looks freeze me. Ipomæa I attach myself to you. Iris Message. Ivy Friendship.
Jasmine Amiableness. ----, Carolina Separation. ----, Indian I attach myself to you. Jonquil Desire. Juniper Protection.
Larch Boldness. Larkspur Lightness. Laurel Glory. Laurustinus I die if neglected. Lavender Mistrust. Leaves, Dead Sadness, melancholy. Lilac First emotions of love. ----, White Youth. Lily Majesty. Lily of the Valley Return of happiness. Linden tree Conjugal love. Liverwort Confidence. London Pride Frivolity. Lotus Eloquence. Lucern Life.
Madder Calumny. Maiden Hair Secrecy. Mallow Beneficence. Manchineel tree Falsehood. Mandrake Rarity. Maple Reserve. Marigold Grief. ----, Prophetic Prediction. ---- and Cypress Despair. Marvel of Peru Timidity. Meadow Saffron My best days are past. Mezereon Coquetry. ---- Desire to please. Mignonette Your qualities surpass your charms. Milkwort Hermitage. Mistletoe I surmount all difficulties. Moonwort Forgetfulness. Moss Maternal Love. Mulberry tree, Black I shall not survive you. ----, White Wisdom. Musk-plant Weakness. Myrobolan Privation. Myrtle Love.
Narcissus Self-love. Nettle Cruelty. Nightshade, Bitter-sweet Truth. ----, Enchanter’s Spell. Nosegay Gallantry.
Oak Hospitality. Olive Peace. Ophrys, Spider Skill. Orange Flower Chastity. ---- tree Generosity. Orchis, Bee Error.
Parsley Festivity. Passion Flower Faith. Peppermint Warmth of feeling. Periwinkle Tender recollections. Pine-apple You are perfect. Pink Pure love. ----, Yellow Disdain. Plane tree Genius. Plum tree Keep your promises. ----, Wild Independence. Poplar, Black Courage. ----, White Time. Poppy Consolation. ---- Sleep. ----, White My bane, my antidote. Potato Beneficence. Primrose Childhood. ----, large-flowered Evening Inconstancy. Privet Prohibition.
Quince Temptation.
Ranunculus You are radiant with charms. Reeds Music. Rose Love. ----, Hundred-leaved Grace. ----, Monthly Beauty ever new. ----, Musk Capricious beauty. ----, Single Simplicity. ----, White Silence. ----, Withered Fleeting beauty. ----, Yellow Infidelity. Rosebud A young girl. ----, White A heart unacquainted with love. Rosemary Your presence revives me. Rue, Wild Morals. Rush Docility.
Saffron Beware of excess. Sage Esteem. Sainfoil, Shaking Agitation. St. John’s Wort Superstition. Sardonia Irony. Sensitive Plant Chastity. Snapdragon Presumption. Snowdrop Hope. Sorrel, Wood Joy. Speedwell Fidelity. Spindle-tree Your charms are engraven on my heart. Star of Bethlehem Purity. Stock Lasting beauty. ----, Ten Week Promptness. Stonecrop Tranquility. Straw, Broken Rupture of a contract. ----, Whole Union. Strawberry Perfection. Sunflower False riches. Sweet Sultan Happiness. Sweet William Finesse. Sycamore Curiosity. Syringa Fraternal.
Tansey, Wild I declare war against you. Tendrils of climbing plants Ties. Thistle Surliness. Thorn-apple Deceitful charms. Thrift Sympathy. Thyme Activity. Tremella Nostoc Resistance. Truffle Surprise. Tuberose Dangerous pleasures. Tulip Declaration of love. Tussilage, Sweet-scented Justice shall be done to you.
Valerian An accommodating disposition. ----, Greek Rupture. Venus’s Looking-glass Flattery. Veronica Fidelity. Vervain Enchantment. Vine Intoxication. Violet Modesty. ----, White Innocence, candour.
Wallflower Fidelity in misfortune. Walnut Stratagem. Whortleberry Treachery. Willow, Weeping Mourning. Wormwood Absence.
Yew Sorrow.
The Calendar of Flowers.
The Roman Catholic monks, or the observers of the Roman Catholic ritual, have compiled a Catalogue of Flowers for every day in the year, and dedicated each flower to a particular saint, on account of its blooming about the time of that saint’s festival. These appropriations form a complete Calendar of the Flowers.
The figures attached express the year in which the saint died.
JANUARY.
1. Laurustinus, _Vibernum tinus_. St. Faine, or Fanchea, an Irish saint of the sixth century.
2. Groundsel, _Senecio vulgaris_. St. Macarius of Alexandria, 394.
3. Iris, Persian, _Iris Persica_. St. Genevieve, patroness of Paris, 422.
4. Hazel, _Corylus avellana_. St. Titus, disciple of St. Paul.
5. Hellebore, _Helleborus fœtidus_. St. Simeon Stylites of Rome.
6. Moss, screw, _Tortula rigida_. St. Nilammon.
7. Laurel, Portugal, _Prunus Lusitanica_. St. Kentigerna.
8. Tremella, yellow, _Tremella deliquescens_. St. Gudula, patroness of Brussels.
9. Laurel, common, _Prunus lauro-cerasus_, or common small-fruited cherry. St. Marciana of Rome.
10. Gorse, or Furze, _Ulex Europœus_. St. William of Bourges, 1207.
11. Moss, early, _Bryum hornum_. Swan-neck thread-moss. St. Theodosius.
12. Moss, hygrometric, _Funaria hygrometrica_. St. Arcadius.
13. Yew tree, common, _Taxus bacata_. St. Veronica, a nun of Milan, 1497.
14. Strawberry, barren, _Fragaria sterilis_. St. Hilary, 368.
15. Ivy, _Hedera helix_. St. Paul, the first hermit.
16. Nettle, common red Dead, _Lamium purpureum_. St. Marcellus, Pope.
17. Anemone, garden, _Anemone hortensis_. St. Anthony, patriarch of monks, 251.
18. Moss, four-toothed, _Bryum pellucidum_. St. Prisca, a Roman martyr.
19. Nettle, white Dead, _Lamium album_. St. Martha, a Roman martyr, 270.
20. Nettle, woolly Dead, _Lamium Gargaricum_. St. Fabian, Pope.
21. Hellebore, black, _Helleborus niger_. St. Agnes, a special patroness of purity: beheaded at the age of thirteen, 304.
22. Grass, early whitlow, _Draba verna_. St. Vincent, a Spanish martyr.
23. Peziza, _Peziza acetobolum_. St. Raymond of Pennafort, 1275.
24. Moss, stalkless, _Phascum muticum_. St. Timothy, disciple of St. Paul, 250.
25. Hellebore, winter, _Helleborus hyemalis_. The Conversion of St. Paul.
26. Butter-bur, white, _Tussilago alba_, or Colt’s-foot. St. Polycarp.
27. Moss, earth, _Phascum cuspidatum_. St. Chrysostom.
28. Daisy, double, _Bellis perennis plenus_. St. Margaret of Hungary, 1271.
29. Fern, flowering, _Osmunda regalis_. St. Francis of Sales, 1622.
30. Spleen-wort, _Asplenium trichomanes_. St. Martin.
31. Hart’s Tongue, or Spleen-wort, _Asplenium scolopendrium_. St. Marcella, 410.
FEBRUARY.
1. Moss, lesser water, _Fontinalis minor_. St. Ignatius; and Bay-tree, _Laurus nobilis_. St. Bridget, patroness of Ireland.
2. Snow-drop, _Galanthus nivalis_. Purification of the Virgin Mary.
3. Moss, great water, _Fontinalis anti-pyretica_, St. Blase of Armenia, 316.
4. Moss, common hair, or Goldilocks, _Polytrichum commune_. St. Jane, or Queen Joan, 1505.
Bay, Indian, _Laurus indica_. St. Margaret of England.
5. Primrose, common, _Primula vulgaris_. St. Agatha, a Sicilian martyr.
Primrose, red, _Primula acaulis_. St. Adelaide, 1015.
6. Hyacinth, blue, _Hyacinthus orientalis_. St. Dorothy, 308.
7. Cyclamen, round-leafed, _Cyclamen coum_. St. Romuald, 1027.
8. Moss, narrow-leafed spring, _Mnium androgynum_. St. John of Matha, 1213.
9. Narcissus, Roman, _Narcissus Romanus_. St. Apollonia, 249.
10. Mezereon, _Daphne mezereon_. St. Scholastica, 543.
Moss, silky fork, _Mnium heteromallum_. St. Coteris, fourth century.
11. Primrose, red, _Primula verna rubra_. St. Theodora, empress, 367.
12. Anemone, noble Liverwort, _Anemone hepatica_. St. Eulalia of Barcelona.
13. Polyanthos, _Plimula Polyanthus_. St. Catherine de Ricci, 1589.
14. Crocus, yellow, _Crocus mœsiacus_, or _Crocus aureus_. St. Valentine, the lover’s saint. He was a priest at Rome, and married there about the year 270.
15. Crocus, cloth of gold, _Crocus sulphureus_. St. Sigifred, bishop of Sweden, 1002.
16. Primrose, lilac, _Primula acaulis plena_. St. Juliana.
17. Crocus, Scotch, _Crocus susianus_. St. Flavian, archbishop of Constantinople, 449.
18. Speedwell, wall, _Veronica vernus arvensis_. St. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, 116.
19. Speedwell, field, _Veronica agrestis_. St. Barbatus, patron of Benevento, bishop, 682.
20. Cynoglossum omphalodes, or _C. lusitanicum_. St. Milfred, abbess of Munster.
21. Crocus, white, _Crocus albus_. St. Servianus, bishop, 452.
22. Margaret, herb, _Bellis perennis_. St. Margaret of Cortona, 1297.
23. Apricot tree, _Prunus armeniaca_. St. Milburge of England.
24. Fern, great, _Osmunda regalis_. St. Ethelbert, King of Kent.
25. Peach blossom, _Amygdalus persica_. St. Walburg, abbess of Swabia, Germany.
26. Periwinkle, lesser, _Vinca minor_. St. Victor, seventh century.
27. Lungwort, _Pulmonaria officinalis_. St. Leander, bishop, 596.
28. Crocus, purple, _Crocus vernus_. St. Proterius, patriarch of Alexandria, 557.
MARCH.
1. Leek, common, _Allium porrum_. St. David of Wales, archbishop, 544.
2. Chickweed, dwarf mouse-ear, _Cerastium pumilum_. St. Chad, or Ceada, martyr, under the Lombards, in the sixth century.
3. Marigold, golden fig, _Mesembryanthemum aureum_. St. Cunegunda, empress, 1040.
4. Chickweed, common, _Alsine media_. St. Casimir, prince of Poland, 1458.
5. Hellebore, green, _Helleborus viridis_. St. Adrian, 309.
6. Lily, Lent, _Pseudo narcissus multiplex_. St. Colette, bishop.
7. Daffodil, early, _Narcissus simplex_. St. Perpetua, martyred under the emperor Severus, 203.
8. Rose, ever-blowing, _Rosa semperflorens_. St. Rosa, of Viterbo, 1261.
Jonquil, great, _Narcissus lœtus_. St. Felix, 646.
9. Daffodil, hoop-petticoat, _Narcissus bulbocodium_. St. Catherine of Bologna, 1463.
10. Chickweed, upright, _Veronica triphyllos_. St. Droctavæus, abbot, 580.
11. Heath, Cornish, _Erica vagans_. St. Eulogius of Cordova, 851.
12. Ixia, or crocus-leafed Mistletoe, _Ixia bulbocodium_, or _Viscum albus bulbus_. St. Gregory the Great, prætor of Rome, 574.
13. Heart’s Ease, _Viola tricolor_. St. Euphrasia, 410.
14. Bindweed, mountain, _Soldanella alpina_. St. Maud, or Matilda, queen, 968.
15. Colt’s-foot, common, _Tussilago farfara_. St. Zachary, pope, 752.
16. Daffodil, nodding, _Narcissus nutans_. St. Julian of Cilicia.
17. Violet, sweet, _Viola odorata_. St. Gertrude, abbess, 626.
Shamrock, White Trefoil, _Trifolium repens_. St. Patrick, apostle of Ireland.
18. Leopard’s bane, great, _Doronicum pardalianches_. St. Cyril, archbishop of Jerusalem.
19. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, _Ornithogalum luteum_. St. Joseph, spouse of the Virgin Mary.
20. Violet, dog’s, _Viola canina_. St. Wolfram, archbishop of Sens, 720.
21. Fumitory, bulbous, _Fumaria bulbosa_. St. Bennet, or Benedict, founder of the Order of Benedict, of Rome, 543.
22. Ficaria verna. St. Catherine of Sweden, abbess, 1381.
23. Daffodil, peerless, _Narcissus incomparabilis_. St. Alphonsus Turibius, archbishop of Lima, 1606.
24. Saxifrage, golden, _Chrysosplenium oppositifolium_. St. Irenæus, bishop of Sirmium, 304.
25. Marigold, _Calendula officinalis_. Annunciation of the Virgin Mary.
26. Henbane, nightshade-leafed, _Hyosciamus scopalia_. St. Braulio, bishop of Saragossa, 646.
27. Jonquil, sweet, _Narcissus odorus_. St. John of Egypt, hermit, 394.
28. Leopard’s bane, _Doronicum plantagineum_. St. Priscus, 260.
29. Ox-lip, or great Cowslip, _Primula elatior_. St. Eustatius, abbot, 625.
Fumitory, _Fumaria officinalis_. St. Jonas, 327.
30. Water-cress, _Cardamine hirsuta_. St. John of Climacus.
Daffodil, lesser, _Narcissus minor_. St. Zosimus, bishop of Syracuse, 660.
31. Benjamin tree, _Laurus benzoin_. St. Benjamin, deacon, martyr, 424.
APRIL.
1. Mercury, French annual, _Mercurialis annua_. St. Hugh, bishop, 1132.
2. Violet, white, _Viola alba_. St. Francis of Paula, a native of Calabria.
3. Alkanet, evergreen, _Anchusa sempervirens_. St. Agape, 304.
4. Crown Imperial, red, _Fritillaria imperialis_. St. Isidore, bishop of Seville, 636.
5. Crown Imperial, yellow, _Fritillaria imperialis lutea_. Vincent Ferrer, 1419.
6. Hyacinth, starch, _Hyacinthus racemosus_. St. Sixtus I., pope.
7. Anemone, wood, _Anemona nemorosa_. St. Aphraates, fourth century.
8. Ground-ivy, _Glechoma hederacea_. St. Dionysius, bishop of Corinth.
9. Polyanthos, red, _Primula_. St. Mary of Egypt, 421.
10. Violet, pale, _Viola tambrigens_. St. Mechtildes, abbess, fourteenth century.
11. Dandelion, _Leontodon taraxacum_. St. Leo the Great, pope, 461.
12. Saxifrage, great thick-leafed, _Saxifraga crassifolia_. St. Zeno, bishop, 380.
13. Narcissus, green, _Narcissus viridiflorus_. St. Hermenegild, martyr, 586.
14. Borage, common, _Borago officinalis_. St. Lidwina, 1184.
15. Stitchwort, greater, _Stellaria holostea_. St. Peter Gonzales, 1246.
16. Tulip, yellow, _Tulipa sylvestris_. St. Joachim of Sienna, 1305.
17. Arum, Friar’s cowl, broad-leafed, _Arum arisarum_. St. Stephen of Citeaux, abbot, 1134.
18. Narcissus, musk, _Narcissus moschatus_. St. Appollonius, 186.
19. Garlic, _Allium ursinum_. St. Leo IX., pope, 1054.
20. Snowflake, spring, _Leucoium vernum_. St. Agnes of Monte Pulciano, 1317.
21. Narcissus, cypress, _Narcissus orientalis albus_. St. Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury.
22. Crowfoot, wood, or Goldilocks, _Ranunculus auricomus_. St. Rufus of Glendaloch.
23. Harebell, _Hyacinthus non scriptus_. St. George the martyr, patron of England.
24. Black thorn, _Prunus spinosa_. St. Fidelis.
25. Tulip, clarimond, _Tulipa præcox_. St. Mark, the Evangelist.
26. Erysimum, yellow, _Erysimum barbarea_. St. Richarius, abbot, 645.
27. Daffodil, great, _Narcissus major_. St. Anastasius, pope, 401.
28. Arum, spotted, _Arum maculatum_. Sts. Didymus and Theodora, 304.
29. Herb, Robert, _Geranium robertianum_. St. Robert, abbot of Molesme, 1110.
30. Cowslip, _Primula veris_. St. Catherine of Sienna, 1380.
MAY.
1. Tulip, Genser, _Tulipa gesnerina_. St. Philip, supposed to have been the first of Christ’s Apostles.
Bachelor’s Button, _Lychnis dioica_. St. James the just and the less, apostle, martyred in the tumult in the Temple.
2. Charlock, _Raphanus raphanistrum_, or _Sinapus arvensis_. St. Athanasius, patriarch of Alexandria, 373.
3. Narcissus, poetic, _Narcissus poeticus_. The discovery of the cross, 326.
4. Stock Gilliflower, _Cheiranthus incanus_. St. Monica, mother of St. Augustine.
5. Apple-tree, _Pyrus malus_. Sts. Angelus and Pius V., pope, 1572.
6. Globe Flower, bright yellow, _Trollius europæus_. St. John Damascene, 780.
7. Globe Flower, Asiatic, bright orange, _Trollius asiaticus_. St. John of Beverly.
8. Lily of the Valley, _Convallaria majalis_. St. Selena.
9. Lily of the Valley, _Convallaria multiflora_. St. Gregory of Nazianzen, 389.
10. Peony, slender-leafed, _Pæonia tenuifolia_. St. Comgal, Irish abbot, 601.
11. Asphodel, Lancashire, _Asphodelus luteus_. St. Mammertus, archbishop of Vienna, 477.
12. Iris, German, _Iris Germanica_. St. Germanus, patriarch of Constantinople, 733.
13. Comfrey, common, _Symphytum officinalis_. St. John the silent, bishop, 558.
14. Peony, common, _Pæonia officinalis_, and Peony, coralline, _P. corollina_. St. Pontius, 258.
15. Poppy, Welsh, _Papaver cambricum_. St. Dympna, seventh century.
16. Star of Bethlehem, great _Ornithogalum umbellatum_. St. John Nepomucene, 1383.
17. Poppy, early red, _Papaver argemone_. St. Paschal, 1592.
18. Mouse-ear, or Hawkweed, _Hieracium pilosella_. St. Eric, King of Sweden, 1151.
19. Monk’s hood, _Aconitum napellus_. St. Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, 988.
20. Horse Chestnut, _Æschylus hippocastanum_. St. Bernardine of Sienna, 1444.
21. Ragged Robin, _Lychnis flos cuculi_. St. Felix of Cantalicio, 1587.
22. Star of Bethlehem, yellow, _Tragopogon pratensis_. St. Yvo, 1303.
23. Lilac, _Springa vulgaris_. St. Julia, fifth century.
24. Poppy, monkey, _Papaver orientale_. St. Vincent of Lerins, 450.
25. Herb, Bennet, common, _Geum urbanum_. St. Urban, pope, 223.
26. Rhododendron, purple, _Rhododendron ponticum_. St. Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, 604.
Azalea, yellow, _Azalea pontica_. St. Philip Neri, 1595.
27. Buttercup, _Ranunculus acris_. St. John, pope, 526.
Bachelor’s Button, yellow, _Ranunculus acris plenus_. St. Bede, 735.
28. Iris, lurid, _Iris lurida_. St. Germain, bishop of Paris, 576.
29. Blue-bottle, _Centaurea montana_. St. Cyril, about 275.
30. Spearwort, lesser, _Ranunculus flammula_. St. Ferdinand III., confessor, King of Castile and Leon, 1252.
31. Lily, Yellow Turk’s cap, _Lilium pomponium_. St. Petronilla, first century.
JUNE.
1. Rose, yellow, _Rosa lutea_. St. Justin, martyr, 167.
2. Pimpernel, common scarlet, _Anagallis arvensis_. St. Erasmus, 303.
3. Rose of Meaux, _Rosa provincialis_. St. Cecilius, 211.
4. Indian Pink, _Dianthus chinensis_. St. Quirinus, bishop, 304.
5. Rose, three-leafed China, _Rosa sinica_. St. Boniface, first missionary from England to Friesland; afterwards archbishop of Mentz, and primate of Germany and Belgium, eighth century.
6. Pink, common, _Dianthus deltoides_. St. Norbert, 1134.
7. Centaury, red, _Chironia centaureum_. St. Paul, bishop of Constantinople, 350.
8. Money-wort, Herb Two-pence, or creeping Loosestrife, _Lysimachia nummularia_. St. Medard, bishop, sixth century.
9. Barberry, _Berberis vulgaris_. St. Columba, 597.
10. Iris, bright yellow, _Iris pseudo-acorus_. St. Margaret, queen of Scotland, 1093.
11. Daisy, midsummer, _Crysanthemum leucanthemum_, St. Barnabas, apostle, first century.
12. Rose, white dog, _Rosa arvensis_. St. John, hermit, 1479.
13. Ranunculus, garden, _Ranunculus asiaticus_. St. Anthony of Padua, 1231.
14. Basil, sweet, _Ocimum basilicum_. St. Basil, archbishop, 379.
15. Sensitive plant, _Mimosa sensitiva_. St. Vitus, martyr, fourth century.
16. Rose, moss, _Rosa muscosa_. St. Julietta, martyr, 304.
17. Monkey-flower, yellow, _Mimulus luteus_. St. Nicandeo, about 303.
18. Poppy, horned, _Chelidonium glaucum_. St. Marina, eighth century.
19. La Julienne de Nuit, _Hesperis tristis_. St. Juliana Falconieri, 1340.
20. Poppy, doubtful, _Papaver dubium_. St. Silverius, pope, 538.
21. Bugloss, Viper’s _Echium Vulgare_. St. Aloysius, 1591.
22. Canterbury Bell, _Campanula medium_. St. Paulinus, bishop of Nola, 431.
23. Ladies Slipper, _Cypripedium calceolus_. St. Etheldreda, 679.
24. St. John’s Wort, _Hipericum pulchrum_. Nativity of St. John the Baptist.
25. Sweet William, _Dianthus barbatus_. St. William of Monte Virgine, 1142.
26. Sowthistle, Alpine hairy blue, _Sonchus cœruleus_. St. Reingarda, 1135.
27. St. John’s Wort, perforated, _Hypericum perforatum_. St. John of Montier, sixth century.
28. Cornflower, blue, _Centaurea cyanus_. St. Irenæus, bishop of Lyons, 202.
29. Rattle, yellow, _Rhinanthus crista-galli_. St. Peter the apostle.
30. Cistus, yellow, _Cistus helianthemum_. St. Paul the apostle.
JULY.
1. Agrimony, _Agrimonia eupatoria_. St. Aaron.
2. Lily white, _Lilium candidum_. Virgin Mary.
3. Mallow, common, _Malva sylvestris_. St. Phocas, a gardener, 303.
4. Day Lily, tawny, _Hemerocallis fulva_. St. Ulric, bishop of Augsburg.
5. Rose, double yellow, _Rosa sulphurea_. St. Edana, of Elphin and Tuam.
6. Hawkweed, _Crepis barbata_. St. Julian, anchorite, fourth century.
7. Nasturtium, _Tropæolum majus_. St. Felix, bishop of Nantes, 584.
8. Primrose, evening, _Œnothera biennis_. St. Elizabeth, queen of Portugal, 1336.
9. Sowthistle, marsh, _Sonchus palustris_. St. Everildis.
10. Snapdragon, speckled, _Antirrhinum triphyllum_. Sts. Rufina and Secunda, 257.
11. Lupine, yellow, _Lupinus flavus_. St. James, bishop of Nisibis, 350.
12. Snapdragon, great, _Antirrhinum purpureum_. St. John Gualbert, abbot, 1073.
13. Lupine, blue, _Lupinus hirsutus_. St. Eugenius, bishop, 505.
14. Lupine, red, _Lupinus perennis_. St. Bonaventure, cardinal bishop, 1274.
15. Marigold, Small Cape, purple and white, _Calendula pluvialis_. St. Swithin, bishop, 862.
16. Convolvulus, _Convolvulus purpureus_. St. Eustathius, patriarch of Antioch, 338.
17. Sweet-pea, _Lathyrus odoratus_. St. Marcellina, 397.
18. Marigold, autumn, _Chrysanthemum coronarium_. St. Bruno, bishop, 1125.
19. Hawkweed, golden, _Hieracium auranticum_. St. Vincent de Paule, 1660.
20. Dragon’s head, Virginian, _Dracocephalus Virginianum_. St. Margaret of Antioch.
21. Lily, Philadelphian, _Lilium Philadelphicum_. St. Praxedes.
22. Lily, African, _Agapanthus umbellatus_. St. Mary Magdalen.
23. Musk flower, _Scabias atro-purpurea_. St. Apollinaris, bishop of Ravenna.
24. Lupine tree, _Lupinits arboreus_. St. Lupus, bishop, 478.
25. Herb Christopher, white, _Actea spicata_. St. Christopher.
26. Chamomile, or Corn Feverfew, _Matricaria chamomilla_. St. Ann, mother of the Virgin Mary.
27. Loose-strife, _Lythrum salicaria_. St. Pantaleon, 303.
28. Groundsel, mountain, _Senecio montanus_. St. Innocent I., pope, 417.
29. Chironia, red, _Chironia centorium_. St. Martha.
30. Mullein, white, _Verbascum lychnitis_. St. Julietta, 303.
31. Mullein, yellow, _Verbascum virgatum_. St. Ignatius of Loyola, founder of the Jesuits, 1556.
AUGUST.
1. Stramony, or Thorn-apple, _Datura stramonium_. St. Peter ad Vincula.
2. Tiger Lily, _Lilium tigrum_. St. Alfrida, 834.