Chapter 30 of 30 · 31095 words · ~155 min read

CHAPTER III

CAMPAIGN ON THE NILE

1884-1899

Troubles in the Western Soudan--Expedition to relieve Khartoum--19th ordered up the Nile--Korti--The Desert Column--Action at Abu Klea--Action at Abu Krou--Quartermaster Lima killed--The horses--Metemmeh--Fall of Khartoum--Return of the Column--The River Column--Action at Kirbekan--Return of the Column--Summer Quarters--Regiment returns to Cairo--Squadron sent to Suakin--Serious losses--Returns to Cairo--Designation granted of “Princess of Wales’ Own”--Death of Colonel Barrow--19th returns to England--Badge of “Mysore” granted--19th embarks for India--Bangalore--Secunderabad.

In the meantime, matters in the Western Soudan had steadily been getting worse. In March, the Mahdi’s forces had reached Khartoum; by the end of May Berber had fallen, cutting off communication between Khartoum and Cairo, and the wave of rebellion rolled steadily northward. Still the Government in England did nothing. They had resolutely ignored the whole Soudan question, and allowed matters to drift. Gordon’s urgent advice to occupy Berber with British troops, in order to keep open the route to Suakin, had been disregarded, and his demand for Zobehr Pasha to be sent to Khartoum, as the only chance of saving the situation, was emphatically refused. It was not till August, that the British Cabinet recognised that some effort might be required to relieve Khartoum, and even to defend Lower Egypt from the Mahdi. By the middle of August preparations were made for dispatching a small body of troops to Wady Halfa, and a squadron of the 19th Hussars was held in readiness. Then followed more delay. It was not till the middle of September that preparations for an advance beyond Wady Halfa began to be made in earnest.

On the 25th October, three squadrons of the regiment, under Lieut. Colonel Barrow, left Cairo, and reached Wady Halfa, by rail and steamer, on 12th November, with a total strength of 21 officers, and 353 Non-Commissioned officers and men. Two instances of the eager spirit to get to the front, that animated the whole regiment, must not go unrecorded. At the moment of leaving the barracks in Cairo, a man met with an accident that necessitated his being left behind. In a minute one of the men detailed to remain at Cairo stepped forward in his place, in marching order, with kit complete. He had got himself ready on the chance of some such opportunity occurring, and it is pleasant to know that he got it. At Assiout, next morning, a stowaway was discovered, a bandboy, who accounted for himself by saying “He was the only _man_ in the band without a medal, and he could not stand it.”

Experience had shown that English horses could not stand hard work under a tropical sun, with scarcity of water and desert fare. It was therefore decided, before leaving Cairo, to mount the regiment entirely on the small Syrian Arab horses used by the Egyptian cavalry. Three hundred and fifty of these little horses had been sent up in advance, and were taken over by the regiment on arrival at Wady Halfa. The regiment was at this time in superb condition. The men had an average of seven years’ service, and most of them had been through the preceding campaigns of Tel-el-Kebir and Suakin. From Wady Halfa the regiment marched, by squadrons, to Korti, where it arrived on the 20th December.

Here was assembled the expeditionary force, under General Lord Wolseley; perhaps the most singular force ever put into the field by Great Britain, to fight in one of the most remarkable campaigns; starting from a base a thousand miles from the sea. In addition to the 19th Hussars, who were the only horsemen with the force, and nine battalions of infantry, there were four Camel Corps, composed respectively of picked men from different Heavy and Light Cavalry regiments, the Foot Guards, and Infantry of the Line; a Naval Brigade of Bluejackets and Marines; a Battery of Royal Artillery, and two Camel Batteries. The boats by which the Nile had been ascended had been built in England, and were managed by Canadian voyageurs, some of whom were of Indian blood, and by Kroomen from the west coast of Africa, while the camels were managed by Arab drivers brought for the purpose from Aden.

The original intention had been to follow the course of the river the whole way to Khartoum, but now a fresh disposition became necessary. A letter from Gordon, dated 4th November, was received, showing that provisions in Khartoum were running short, and time would not allow of the slow but less hazardous advance along the river. The new plan was to send a compact flying column across the desert to Metemmeh, under Brigadier General Sir Herbert Stewart, for the purpose of opening communication with Khartoum. A second column, under Major General W. Earle, was to ascend the river, clearing away all parties of the enemy, and, eventually, to recapture Berber. The rest of the force was to remain at Korti, where Lord Wolseley’s Head Quarters were fixed. The 19th Hussars were destined to furnish a contingent to both columns.

THE DESERT COLUMN

The task before the Desert Column was no easy one. Between Korti and Metemmeh 176 miles of barren desert have to be traversed. At two places only is water in any considerable quantity procurable; at Jakdul 98 miles from Korti, and at Abu Klea, about 53 miles from Jakdul. The first operation was to establish a post at Jakdul, where as yet the enemy had not appeared.

On the 30th December, a force of 1107 men of all ranks, with 2200 camels, started from Korti, under Sir Herbert Stewart. With them went 2 officers and 32 men of the 19th. Being the only horsemen with the force, the whole of the scouting duties devolved upon the men of the 19th. The rest of the force were mounted on camels. One gallon of water for each man, and two for each horse, were carried on camels. In the early morning of the 2nd January, the Jakdul wells were reached, in 63 hours after leaving Korti. Only a few stragglers of the enemy were sighted. On the same evening the force set out on its return to Korti, leaving a garrison of 420 men at Jakdul.

On the 8th January, Sir Herbert Stewart again started with the main column, consisting of 1607 men, 2228 camels, and 306 camel drivers. The 19th Hussars, on this occasion, mustered 135 officers and men, with 155 horses, under Lieut. Colonel Barrow. On the 14th, the column left Jakdul: about 1800 combatants of all ranks, with 1118 camels. Early on the 16th, the 19th were pushed on ahead of the column, and came in touch with the enemy in front of the Abu Klea wells. A patrol, under Major French, pursued a small body of men right into the gorge leading to the wells, and captured one of them, on the spot where next day’s action was fought. A number of horsemen appearing and threatening to cut him off, French was obliged to relinquish his prisoner, and retire to the entrance of the gorge. Here Barrow dismounted his men in order to keep the road open for Stewart’s force. Though threatened on both flanks by the enemy’s horsemen, the position was easily held by carbine fire, and the power of the enemy to dispute the advance of the column at this point was checkmated. On the arrival of the column a zeriba was formed for the night, three and a half miles from the water. As the camp was being formed, the enemy appeared in considerable numbers, and opened a distant fire, wounding one man and several horses of the 19th. As darkness closed in the enemy became bolder, and, during the whole night, the force was exposed to a constant fire which did little harm beyond disturbing the much needed rest of the men. At daybreak, the fire increased in intensity; several officers and men were struck down, and the 19th had several horses killed and disabled while standing at their pickets. At 9 A.M. the force was formed in square, preparatory to an advance towards the water which was of such vital importance. While the square was forming, the 19th were ordered to move out and hold in check a body of some 500 of the enemy, horsemen and footmen combined, who threatened to get round to the rear of the square. An hour after the hussars had left, the square advanced. The small force moved slowly, frequent halts being necessary to permit of the camels, loaded with ammunition and water, closing up. The ground was uneven, with ravines and hollows that prevented the full strength of the enemy being seen. Suddenly a great body of Arabs, 5000 strong, rose from a fold in the ground, and rushed at the square. So rapid and overwhelming was their attack, aided by the inequalities of the ground, and the fact that the fire from the square was at first impeded by its own retiring skirmishers that, in spite of the heavy fire poured upon them, the Arabs succeeded in penetrating the square, as at Tamai, stabbing and slashing in every direction. At the same moment, a squadron of horsemen charged the square, but were repulsed. For five minutes the hand-to-hand conflict raged, till the last Arab who penetrated the formation was killed. The remainder, who had been heavily punished by rifle and artillery fire drew off, though for a time it seemed doubtful if they would not renew the attack. The 19th, who had helped the square with dismounted fire, followed and cut off many stragglers, but the number of the enemy was too great to admit of a charge on the main body. The horses also were hardly able to move out of a walk, having been thirty hours without water. In this brief conflict the small British force lost 74 killed, and 94 wounded, some of whom died of their injuries. As at El Teb and Tamai, the fatal skill with which the Arabs used their weapons is shown by the relative numbers of killed and wounded. Of the Arabs, whose strength was estimated at about 9000 men, 1100 dead were counted in close proximity to the square.

On the retreat of the enemy, Barrow pushed on and occupied the wells, from which the enemy had to be driven by carbine fire. It was late at night before the infantry obtained the much needed water.

The greater part of the 18th was spent in building a small fort at Abu Klea, and establishing a post there, for the protection of the wounded and defence of the wells. While this was in progress, the 19th returned to the battle field and buried the British dead. Late in the afternoon the small column moved out, to traverse the 25 miles of desert that must be crossed before the Nile could be reached. The 19th Hussars led the way. As night closed in, progress became very slow. Men and camels were exhausted, and, in the darkness, great confusion ensued. Night marching over an unknown route is a doubtful expedient. In the early morning of the 19th, the line of the Nile, with villages, was sighted about six miles distant. But between them and the column was a gravel ridge on which the enemy appeared, and soon, dense masses of them were visible, swarming out to meet the column. In view of the distress for want of water, it had been Sir Herbert Stewart’s wish to reach the Nile without fighting; but this was now impossible. The camels were collected together, and a zeriba of brushwood, saddles, boxes &c. formed. By 8 o’clock the enemy’s fire became heavy. Among the earliest to be struck was the commander of the column, Sir Herbert Stewart, who received a wound that afterwards proved mortal. Speaking to Colonel Barrow just before he received the fatal wound, he said, “Take care of the 19th Hussars, they have done well.” The command devolved on Colonel Sir Charles Wilson. It was necessary to drive the enemy away, but nothing could be done till the zeriba was complete, and, owing to the exhaustion of the men, the work proceeded slowly. In the interval there were many casualties, and here the 19th Hussars lost Quarter Master A. G. Lima, who was killed by a shot through the head.

At last all was ready. The 19th Hussars came in, and picketted their horses, which were so exhausted as to be scarcely able to carry the men. Colonel Barrow and his men were detailed to assist in holding the zeriba, while the rest of the force marched out to engage the enemy. By 2 o’clock the square had formed up outside the zeriba, and moved off. With it went a few dismounted men of the 19th, under Lieutenant Craven.

As the square moved towards the Nile, the enemy’s fire increased, and many men fell. The progress made was very slow. The bush and sandhills on three sides swarmed with Arabs. As the square neared the ridge, the men dropped fast under the heavy rifle fire to which they were exposed. Suddenly the enemy’s fire ceased, and a great swarm of Arabs poured down on the square. There were no skirmishers to mask the fire, as at Abu Klea, and the Arabs were met by a steady fire that swept away the foremost ranks wholesale. Not an Arab lived to reach the square, and a ringing British cheer went up as the enemy were seen to be flying in all directions. The way to the Nile was no longer closed. Half an hour after dark the river was reached, near the village of Abu Krou. It was not till the afternoon of the 20th that the 19th Hussar horses were able to drink. Half of them had been 72 hours without water; none of them less than 56 hours, yet only 3 succumbed. If English horses had been employed, probably not one would have survived.

“The cavalry horses were quite done up. The way in which Barrow managed to bring the 19th Hussars across the desert is one of the best things in the expedition; but the horses had only had a short drink at Abu Klea, and then they had barely enough to wash their mouths out until they got to the Nile on the 20th. The scouting of the Hussars during the march was admirably done; they were ubiquitous. But want of food and water no horses can fight against, and they were but a sorry spectacle as they moved out of the zeriba to go down to the river. They reached the Nile almost useless as cavalry, and could only be employed for scouting purposes, at short distances from the camp.”[72]

During the whole march from Korti the entire scouting duty had been taken by the 19th Hussars, so that, each day, they covered far more ground than the rest of the force. The men also were thoroughly exhausted with the tremendous efforts they had been called on to make, but their health continued to be good. There was wonderful freedom from sickness of any kind. The casualties in the whole force on the 19th January, amounted to 1 officer and 22 non-commissioned officers and men killed; 8 officers and 90 non-commissioned officers and men wounded. Many non-combatants also were killed or wounded.

The 20th was occupied in placing the village of Gubat in a state of defence, and, at dawn of the 21st, Barrow and his Hussars rode out to reconnoitre Metemmeh, preparatory to an attack in force. So exhausted were the horses that all the Hussars could do was to ride up in a body to some high ground on the north of the village, while the rest of the force opened fire from the east side. While the attack was proceeding, four small steamers sent down by Gordon from Khartoum on the 14th December, appeared in sight, and landed some native troops. They brought intelligence of Arab reinforcements being on the march from Khartoum. It was important to husband ammunition, and incur no further losses of men, so the attack was withdrawn. But the Arab reinforcements never reached Metemmeh. The news of the disastrous defeats their comrades had sustained at Abu Klea and Abu Krou, caused them to retrace their steps.

Reconnoissances having shown that no large force of the enemy was in the vicinity, Sir Charles Wilson started on the 24th for Khartoum, with two of the steamers, taking with him two hundred men. On the 28th, after great difficulties, Khartoum was reached, and found to be in the hands of the Arabs. The town had been captured by the Mahdi, two days before, and Gordon was dead. On the 4th February, Sir Charles Wilson and his party rejoined the camp at Gubat, after adventures that read more like a page of romance than of modern history. In the interval, both his steamers had been wrecked, and the whole party had been continuously under fire for eight days and a half. In the meantime, the force at Gubat received some reinforcements and supplies from Korti. The 19th were engaged in daily skirmishes with the outlying pickets of the enemy who showed a wholesome respect for them: “Even the fierce Baggara horsemen appeared unwilling to cross swords with our Hussars,” wrote one who was present with the force. On the 11th, Major General Sir Redvers Buller arrived to take command of the force, with orders to retire on Abu Klea.

On the 14th February, Gubat was evacuated, and Abu Klea reached on the 15th, followed by the enemy who annoyed the force with long range rifle fire. At Abu Klea, on the 17th, a smart skirmish took place which cost the force 3 killed and 27 wounded. Among the killed was Sergeant Horwood of the 19th Hussars, who was acting as Sergeant Major with the Mounted Infantry. It had been intended to occupy Abu Klea permanently, in view of a second advance on Khartoum in the autumn; but want of food, scarcity of water, and the complete breakdown of transport necessitated Buller’s withdrawal to Korti. On the 16th, the 19th Hussars marched out for Jakdul, leaving at Abu Klea with Sir R. Buller a small detachment under Major French. The march was a painful one, about half the men being on foot. While on the march they heard of Sir Herbert Stewart’s death near Jakdul. Wishing to be present at the funeral of the commander they had served under in two campaigns, they made a long forced march into Jakdul, but arrived too late. They had the melancholy satisfaction of erecting a walled enclosure, with headstone, round his grave. On the 3rd March they left Jakdul, and reached Korti on the 8th. On the 23rd February the last of the desert column left Abu Klea, and returned to Korti, 16th March. In a dispatch from Jakdul, dated 26th February, Sir R. Buller wrote of the 19th Hussars:--

“I wish expressly to remark on the very excellent work done by the small detachment of the 19th Hussars, both during our occupation of Abu Klea and during our retirement. Each man has done the work of ten, and it is not too much to say that the force owes much to Major French and his 13 troopers.”

Meanwhile, the men of the 19th, left at Korti, had not been idle. In February they were engaged in establishing two watering posts in the desert, distant respectively twelve and thirty miles from Korti, for the use of the retiring force. The water was conveyed in tin lined biscuit boxes, and every animal in camp was pressed into the service.

THE RIVER COLUMN

The primary object of General Earle’s column was to clear the river line of all hostile parties as far as Abu Hamed, punishing, _en route_, the Monassir tribe of Arabs who had treacherously murdered Colonel Stewart and a small party sent down by Gordon from Khartoum, in September. At Abu Hamed a base was to be established for a further advance on Berber. The force, under General Earle, consisted of four battalions of infantry, a battery of Egyptian Artillery, an Egyptian Camel Corps, and one squadron of the 19th Hussars; the latter under Major Hanford-Flood, amounting to 91 sabres and 107 horses. The total strength of the force was about 3000 officers and men.

The force left Korti, in detachments, for Hamdab, about 50 miles up the river, whence the final start was to be made. On the 18th January, 60 men of the 19th Hussars together with the Egyptian Camel Corps, under Major Flood, made a forced march into the desert to surprise a party of the enemy collected at the wells of El Kooa, 35 miles from Hamdab. The Arabs having received timely notice of their coming, hastily broke up their camp and disappeared, before Flood’s arrival. The detachment returned to Hamdab after 32 hours’ absence.

On the 24th, the start was made; the Hussars, Camel Corps and baggage, marching along the left bank, the infantry and stores in boats. Progress was very slow, the banks of the river being rough and difficult, and the frequent rapids and cataracts causing great labour in tracking the boats up. On the 27th, the cavalry skirmishers first came in touch with the enemy, but beyond a harmless interchange of shots at long range nothing occurred. This happened frequently, the enemy falling back, day by day, as the river column advanced. The progress of the boats was very slow owing to the succession of rapids here formed by the Nile. Major Flood’s men worked and camped independently, reconnoitring along the left bank, far ahead of the main body, and, owing to the rocky nature of the ground, often at a considerable distance from the river. The rocky ridge, on which the battle of Kirbekan was afterwards fought, was ascended and mapped, and a reconnoissance of the 19th Hussars was pushed some way into the Shukook Pass, five days before the action. On the 6th February, a two days’ halt at Birti became necessary, in consequence of the fall of Khartoum making a change of plans possible. The enemy meanwhile had fallen back to the Shukook Pass.

On the 8th, the advance was resumed, and it became known that the enemy, about 1000 strong, had advanced from the Shukook Pass, and taken position in some extremely strong ground at Kirbekan, in front of the Pass, about 14 miles from Earle’s Head Quarters. The 8th and 9th were employed in reconnoitring, and closing up the troops preparatory to the attack. On the 8th, Major Flood, with twenty of his men, exchanged volleys with the enemy, and drove in some of their advanced posts. On the 9th, the whole of the mounted troops felt the enemy again. That night the troops bivouacked in their allotted stations, the most advanced of the infantry being only a short mile from the enemy’s position.

On the morning of the 10th, General Earle, with 1196 men of all ranks, moved forward to the attack. The enemy occupied a position on a line of low rocky eminences at right angles to the river, and a detached steep ridge in echelon with the rocky eminences. It was determined to march right round the rear of their position by the desert side, closing their retreat, and attack them in flank and rear from the river side. Two companies of the Staffordshire regiment, with two guns were left in front of the position to occupy the enemy’s attention, and keep down their fire. The 19th Hussars led the way, and the force marched right round the enemy’s position till the river was again reached in the enemy’s right rear. As soon as they saw their retreat was cut off, a number of the enemy tried to escape by swimming the river, many of them being shot in the attempt. But a considerable number of them still held their ground. The Black Watch were accordingly ordered to assault the line of rocky eminences, while the Staffordshire regiment assaulted the ridge. As the Black Watch won their way along the lower eminences, a desperate rush was made by a body of the enemy, which was repulsed, and the eminences crowned by the Highlanders; the Arabs gallantly fighting to the last man. In the moment of victory, General Earle was killed by a shot from a hut which he had incautiously approached. The assault on the high steep ridge offered greater difficulties, but the position was gallantly carried by the Staffordshire men. Both regiments had their commanding officers killed.

In the meantime, Flood’s Hussars and the Egyptian Camel Corps had gained the entrance to the Shukook Pass, and captured one of the enemy’s camps, in which were a number of standards, camels and donkeys. The enemy opened fire from the surrounding hills without effect. The victory was purchased with the loss of three officers and nine men killed, four officers and forty-four men wounded. The enemy’s force was subsequently ascertained to have been from fifteen hundred to two thousand men, but of these only about six hundred fought well.

The advance of the column was continued, on the 12th, under Colonel H. Brackenbury, on whom the command had devolved by General Earle’s death. The enemy had disappeared, but progress was slow, through the continuous rapids. On the 20th, a suitable place was found for crossing the Nile. A scouting party of the 19th was first rowed across, and brushed away some of the enemy’s scouts. By the afternoon of the 21st, the whole force was transported to the right bank, at Hebbeh, the scene of Colonel Stewart’s murder in September. The murderers had fled, and beyond the destruction of their property no other punishment could be meted out to them. By the evening of the 23rd, the whole force was concentrated at Huella, 26 miles from Abu Hamed.

All was ready for the advance on Abu Hamed, where a strong force of the enemy was known to be posted. Hardly had the troops commenced their march, on the 24th, when orders were received from Korti directing their return to Merawi. Sir Redvers Buller’s withdrawal from Abu Klea rendered a farther advance on Berber out of the question, and the River Column had to return. While the main body commenced to descend the river, Major Flood’s squadron scouted another six miles towards Abu Hamed, without seeing an enemy. Descending by the right bank, Merawi was reached on the 5th March, and, on the 6th, after recrossing the river to Abu Dom, the River Column was broken up. One troop of the 19th was left at Abu Dom, while the remainder marched for Korti.

In spite of the extremely hard work, the health of the troops, as with the Desert Column, had been excellent. Not a single man of Major Flood’s party had been on the sick list, from the time of leaving Korti till the date of return. Of the horses, three had succumbed. The performance of the small Arab horses both with the River and Desert Columns, carrying a heavy weight, on scanty fare and less water, is a marvel of endurance.

The next few days were spent in arranging for the distribution of the troops into summer quarters, in anticipation of the advance on Khartoum in the autumn. The quarters selected for the 19th were Merawi, Abu Dom, Tani, Kurot, Abu Kussi, and Dongola. By the 1st April, they were all located in the assigned positions. Before leaving Korti, the regiment was inspected by Lord Wolseley, who addressed them in terms of commendation that will long be remembered in the regiment.

OPERATIONS NEAR SUAKIN

While their comrades had thus been busy on the Nile, the remnant of the regiment left at Cairo had found work to do. The effect of the operations, near Suakin, in March 1884, had been quite temporary. Osman Digna had recovered his authority, and was again threatening the port. It was also considered that, by making a diversion at Suakin, the operations near Berber and the reopening of the Suakin-Berber road would be facilitated. It was determined, therefore, to send a sufficient force to crush Osman Digna, and to make a railway line to Berber. The capture of Berber, before the great heat of the summer set in, was then considered feasible.

Before the force, which was to be commanded by Lieut. General Sir Gerald Graham, could arrive, a weak squadron of the 19th Hussars, under Captain Apthorp, was dispatched from Cairo on the 24th January, together with two Horse Artillery guns, followed next day by a battalion of infantry. On landing at Suakin, reconnoissances were instituted to ascertain the strength and position of the enemy. On the 1st February, a small force of all arms reconnoitred, under Major General Fremantle, towards Hasheem, 8 miles west of Suakin. The Arabs were found in great numbers, in a position too strong to attack. The infantry were formed in square, while the cavalry and guns were sent forward to try and draw the enemy out of their position. But the memory of El-Teb and Tamai were too fresh in the Arab mind for them to be induced to attack the arrayed infantry. They refused to quit their position, and after a prolonged skirmish, General Fremantle’s force returned to camp. One Egyptian trooper was wounded, and the 19th Hussars lost a horse.

On the 3rd, Captain Apthorp was sent with 40 of his own men and 40 Egyptian troopers to reconnoitre along the Berber road. At Hamdoob, 10 miles from Suakin, a camp and village, occupied by the enemy, was surprised and burnt. While the small party were thus occupied, a great body of Arabs, 5000 strong, had moved from Tamai and Hasheem to intercept them, and took post in a ravine two miles from Hamdoob, completely blocking their return to Suakin. The Arab force was so well concealed that the squadron was almost in contact with them before their presence was discovered, and the great mass of Arabs, footmen and men mounted on camels, bore down on the small body of cavalry at once. There was no time to dismount and fire, and it was hopeless to attempt to break through: nothing was left them but to ride for Suakin by a circuitous route. Turning eastwards the squadron started on a long gallop round the enemy’s flank. The Arabs followed in overwhelming numbers, and, moving on a shorter line, together with their knowledge of the ground, were able to harass the squadron for several miles. The 19th lost 8 men and 11 horses, while the Egyptian troop lost three men and six horses.

The number of Arabs in the neighbourhood of Suakin was too great to allow of distant reconnoissances, little more of interest occurred, therefore, till the arrival of Sir Gerald Graham’s force. Early in March, they began to arrive, but the whole force was not completed till nearly the middle of April. On the 17th March, the 19th Hussar squadron re-embarked for Cairo in order to join the Head Quarters of the regiment at Dongola, in readiness for the advance on Khartoum in the autumn.

Our interest with the Suakin force ceases here. It is sufficient to say that it amounted to 12,500 men, composed of troops from England, a contingent of native troops from India, and a contingent from New South Wales consisting of two batteries of artillery, and 500 infantry. It had also with it a balloon detachment, the first occasion on which balloons were used by British troops in warfare. On the 20th March, it fought a successful action at Hasheem, and again on the 22nd, at Tofrik, when an enormous number of the enemy were killed at a rather heavy cost to the British troops engaged. On the 3rd April, Tamai was occupied, and the last of the enemy’s force broken up. By the end of April, 18 miles of railway were completed, and the tribes in the neighbourhood had given in their submission; when the intention of the British Government to abandon the advance on Khartoum became known. On the 17th May, the withdrawal of the troops commenced, and again Suakin was left with only a small force to protect the port.

We left the three squadrons of the 19th at Dongola and other stations south of that place, with all thoughts concentrated on preparations for the autumn advance on Khartoum. The regimental establishment was increased by 110 men, bringing up the strength to 740 sabres. Four strong squadrons were being prepared for the field: but over 13 years were to elapse before Khartoum was again seen by British troops. About the 22nd April it was announced that the intention of advancing on Khartoum in the autumn had been abandoned, and orders were issued for the withdrawal of the troops. The retirement commenced on the 26th May, when Merawi was evacuated. The troops were withdrawn down the river in detachments, each post being evacuated in turn as it became the southernmost point of occupation. On the 22nd June, the Head Quarters of the 19th marched out of Dongola, the last of the force to leave for Lower Egypt. At Wady Halfa the hot and tedious march came to an end, and from that point the regiment reached the railway at Assiout in barges. At Wady Halfa, Korosko and Assouan they made over their horses to the 20th Hussars, and, by the 14th August, the regiment was reunited in Cairo. In the whole campaign the regiment had suffered a total loss of two officers, Lt. Colonel Taylor (died of fever) and Quarter Master Lima, and 18 non-commissioned officers and men.

In July 1885, Her Majesty was graciously pleased to confer on the regiment the designation of “Princess of Wales’ Own,” in recognition of “its distinguished services in Egypt and the Soudan.”

By G.O. 10 of January 1886 the regiment was permitted to bear on its appointments, the words “Nile 1884-85” “Abu Klea,” in commemoration of the ascent of the river Nile and the operations in the Eastern Soudan.

[Illustration: COLONEL PERCY BARROW, C.B.

_From a Photograph._]

At the beginning of 1886, the regiment experienced a severe loss in the death of its commander, Colonel Percy Barrow. The desperate wound he had received at El Teb, on the 19th February 1884, was one from which complete recovery was impossible. In spite of grave inconvenience to himself, he had gone through the most arduous part of the Nile campaign without flinching, while the skill and judgment with which he handled his men during the march of the Desert Column won the applause of the whole force. While preparing the regiment for some regimental games, a violent exertion re-opened the old wound, and after thirty hours of intense suffering he expired on the 13th January, in his 38th year. In him the army lost a soldier of great promise. The son of a well known Indian Officer, Major General Lousada Barrow, who commanded a Corps of Volunteer Cavalry in the Indian Mutiny and at the relief of Lucknow, Percy Barrow entered the 19th Hussars as Cornet in 1868. In 1879, he was selected to command a corps of Mounted Infantry and some irregular troops in the Zulu war; and served through the Boer war of 1881 in command of the Mounted Infantry. The soldierly spirit that animated him, and his intense devotion to everything that concerned the welfare of the regiment, can only be appreciated by those who have been privileged to read his letters written in quarters and in the field. Telegrams of condolence to the regiment from Her Majesty the Queen and from Her Royal Highness the Princess of Wales testified to the general appreciation of the loss the public service had suffered in his death. His remains were removed to England and interred at Saltwood near Hythe. To command the regiment, his brother-in-law, Colonel Boyce Combe, was transferred from the 10th Hussars to the 19th.

In May, the regiment was ordered to proceed to England, and embarked at Alexandria on the 19th, in the _Geelong_ and the _Iona_, leaving their horses behind them. On the 6th and 7th June, they landed at Harwich and Woolwich, and proceeded to Norwich, three troops being sent to Colchester. The regiment was much gratified at the receipt, on landing, of a telegram, welcoming them to England, from H.R.H. the Princess of Wales. In July, one of the Colchester troops was recalled to Head Quarters. The establishment of the regiment was fixed at 24 officers, 469 warrant officers non-commissioned officers and men, and 300 horses.

In the following March, the two troops at Colchester were sent to Birmingham, being replaced, in September, at Colchester by two troops from Head Quarters.

In October, the establishment was increased by 132 rank and file and 80 horses. For this purpose the necessary horses were transferred to the regiment from the 14th and 21st Hussars. A month later, by which time 56 recruits had been enlisted, the order was cancelled, and the horses were transferred to the 18th and 20th Hussars. At the end of the year, the Colchester squadron rejoined Head Quarters.

In April 1888, the regiment marched from Norwich and Birmingham to Hounslow, Hampton Court and Kensington.

In September, the regiment was brought on the strength of the 1st Army Corps, and its establishment increased to 707 of all ranks with 424 horses.

In March 1889, under Army Order No. 136, the regiment was granted permission to wear “Mysore” on its appointments, in commemoration of the campaigns against Tippoo in the last century, in which the old 19th Light Dragoons had borne so distinguished a part. The badge is certainly more appropriate than the old one of “Seringapatam” which was discarded.

In the same month the regiment lost its Colonel, Major General John Yorke, C.B. In his place Major General and Honorary Lieut. General Coote Synge Hutchinson was gazetted to the regiment. He was an old 2nd Dragoon Guards’ officer, and had served with that regiment through the Indian Mutiny.

In the following June, the regiment marched to Aldershot. On the 3rd July, it was employed in London on the occasion of H.M. the Shah of Persia visiting the City.

In September 1890, the regiment took part in the manœuvres on Berkshire Downs.

On the 26th June 1891, a special inspection of the regiment was held by H.R.H. the Princess of Wales; and, on the 8th July, the 19th took

## part in a review at Hounslow before H.I.M. the German Emperor.

The regiment was again destined for foreign service. At the end of July, it marched to Shorncliffe, and, on 1st September, embarked at Portsmouth, in the _Euphrates_, for India, arriving at Bombay on the 28th, whence it was forwarded by train to Secunderabad in relief of the 7th Hussars. In November the regiment was transferred, by train, to Bangalore.

Towards the end of 1892 the squadron system was substituted for the troop system in the regiment.

In October 1896, the 19th P.W.O. Hussars were transferred to Secunderabad. Here we must take leave of the regiment. The history of a regiment in quarters possesses little interest. “Soldiers in peace are like chimneys in summer.” When the time comes for the 19th P.W.O. Hussars to take the field again, they will be found like their predecessors, over one hundred years ago, “ready in all that depends upon them, and willing beyond description.”

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A.

YEARLY LISTS OF THE OFFICERS OF THE NINETEENTH.

+--------------+------------------++-----------------+------------------+ | | 1763[73] || 1779 | 1780 | +--------------+------------------++-----------------+------------------+ | | || | | |_Colonel_ | ||Russell Manners, |Russell Manners. | | | || _Major General_.| | | | || | | |_Lieut.Colonel|Charles, _Earl of_|| | | | Commandant_ | Drogheda. || | | | | || | | |_Lieut. | Richard Gorges. || Robert Laurie. | Francis Augustus | | Colonel_ | || | Eliott. | | | || | | |_Major_ |Francis Caulfield.|| Richard Grant. | Richard Grant. | | | || | | | |Chas. Wilson Lyon.|| John Hamilton. | John Hamilton. | |_Captain_ |Francis Brooke. || Fewster Johnson.| Fewster Johnson. | | |Thomas, _Lord_ || John Morris. | John Morris. | | | Knapton. || | | | | || | | |_Capt. | || _Hon._ Chas. | _Vacant._ | | Lieutenant | || Gunter Legge. | | | and Captain_| || | | | | || | | |_Capt. |Clotworthy Rowley.|| | | | Lieutenant_ | || | | | | || | | | | Charles Burton. || Nassau Smith. | Francis Gregory. | | | Thomas Walmesley.|| Geo. Chas. | Tho. Chas. Hardy.| |_Lieutenant_ | William Burton. || Brathwaite. | Geo. Chas. | | |Skeffington Smith.|| Francis Gregory.| Brathwaite. | | | William Moore. ||Tho. Chas. Hardy.| John Petley. | | | || John Petley. | William Wills. | | | || | | | | Robert Nicholson.|| John Bailey. | John Bailey. | | |Lawrence Chaloner.|| Geo. Montgomery.| Richard Warner. | |_Cornet_ | William Scott. || ---- Smith. | William Tooke | | | John Moore. || Richard Warner. | Harwood. | | | Gorges Crofton. || _Vacant._ | Francis Drake. | | | _Vacant._ || _Vacant._ | George Street. | | | || | _Vacant._ | | | || | | |_Chaplain_ | Henry Blacker. || _Vacant._ | Charles Mayo. | | | || | | |_Adjutant_ | Thomas Walmesley.|| _Vacant._ | George Street. | | | || | | |_Surgeon_ | Alexander Eason. || Christopher | Christopher | | | || Arden. | Arden. | | | || | | | | || Messrs Bisshopp | | |_Agents_ | || & Brummell, | | | | || Vine Street, | | | | || St James’. | | +--------------+------------------++-----------------+------------------+

+--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 1781 | 1782 | 1783 | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | | | | |_Colonel_ | Russell Manners. | Russell Manners. | Russell Manners. | | | | | | |_Lieut. | R. Mason Lewis. | R. Mason Lewis. | R. Mason Lewis. | | Colonel_ | | | | | | | | | |_Major_ | Benjamin Lambert.|William,_Viscount_| John Callander. | | | | Fielding. | | | | | | | | | John Hamilton. | John Hare. | John Hare. | |_Captain_ | _Sir_ James | John Petley. | John Petley. | | | Erskine. | | | | | John Quantock. |Wm. Tooke Harwood.|Wm. Tooke Harwood.| | | | | | |_Capt. | John Hare. | Thomas Carteret | Thomas Carteret | | Lieutenant | | Hardy. | Hardy. | | and Captain_| | | | | | | | | | | Thomas Carteret | John Bailey. | John Bailey. | | | Hardy. | Richard Kelsall. | Richard Kelsall. | |_Lieutenant_ | John Petley. | Francis Drake. | George Street. | | | John Bailey. | George Street. | Thomas Townley | | | Richard Warner. | _Vacant._ | Parker. | | | Robert Kelsall. | | Wm. Cave Brown. | | | | | | | | William Tooke | | | | | Harwood. | Henry Geo. Grey. | Charles Richard | | | Francis Drake. | Henry Goodricke. | Vaughan. | | | George Street. | Wm. Cave Brown. | Edward Walbanke. | |_Cornet_ | Henry Geo. Grey. | Charles Richard |George Donithorpe.| | | Francis Thomas | Vaughan. | John Monk. | | | Hammond. | E. Walbanke. | ---- Cary. | | | Francis Philip | _Vacant._ | Philip Gresley. | | | Bodingfield. | | | | | | | | |_Chaplain_ | Charles Mayo. | Charles Mayo. | Samuel Bethell. | | | | | | |_Adjutant_ | George Street. | George Street. | Digby Hamilton. | | | | | | |_Surgeon_ |Christopher Arden.|Christopher Arden.|Christopher Arden.| | | | | | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

+--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 1800 | 1801 | 1802 | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | | | | |_Colonel_ |William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_| | | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | | | | | | |_Lieut. | John Floyd. | Patrick Maxwell. | Patrick Maxwell. | | Colonel_ | | Edgar Hunter. | Edgar Hunter. | | | | | | |_Major_ | Patrick Maxwell. | Thomas Paterson. | John Bayly. | | | Thomas Paterson. | John Bayly. | _Vacant._ | | | | | | | | John Bayly. | James Kennedy. | James Kennedy. | |_Captain_ | Walter Monteath. | John Fortnam. | John Fortnam. | | | Arthur Brabazon. | James Cathcart. | James Cathcart. | | | _Vacant._ | Robert Lisle. | Robert Lisle. | | | | | | |_Captain | | | | | Lieutenant |James Kennedy. | Henry Roberts. | Henry Roberts. | | and Captain_| | | | | | | | | | | | John Banger. | John Banger. | | | John Fortnam. | Thomas Hassall. | George John Sale.| | | Roderick | George John Sale.| Henry Skelton. | | | Mackenzie. | Henry Skelton. | Wallace Boyle. | | | James Cathcart. | Patrick Anderson.| Nathan Wilson. | | | John Banger. | Wallace Boyle. | Patrick Anderson.| |_Lieutenant_ | Robert Lisle. | Nathan Wilson. | Edward Geils. | | | Henry Roberts. | Edward Geils. | Henry Young. | | | Thomas Hassall. | Henry Young. | Thomas Vaughan | | | George John Sale.| Thomas Vaughan | George Tuite. | | | Henry Skelton. | George Tuite. | Thomas Johnson. | | | Patrick Anderson.| Thomas Johnson. | Robert Torrens. | | | Edward Darvall. | Robert Torrens. | John Crooks. | | | | John Crooks. | F. Cumberlege. | | | | F. Cumberlege. | Joseph Dowson. | | | | | | | | | | Michael Thomas | | | | Michael Thomas | Harris. | | | | Harris. | William Lewis | | | Wallace Boyle. | John Christopher | Herries. | | | Nathan Wilson. | Ridout. | Charles Cobbe. | | | Edward Geils. | William Lewis | ---- Port. | |_Cornet_ | Henry Young. | Herries. | George Hutchins | | | George Tuite. | Charles Cobbe. | Bellasis. | | | Philip Bailey. | George Hutchins | William Serle. | | | _Vacant._ | Bellasis. | Charles Abdy | | | | ---- Port. | Chapman. | | | | William Serle. | John Montague | | | | | Jackson. | | | | | | |_Paymaster_ | | | | | | | | | |_Adjutant_ | John Crooks. | John Crooks. | John Crooks. | | | | | | |_Surgeon_ | Thomas Browne. | Thomas Browne. | Thomas Browne. | | | | | | |_Asst.Surgeon_| John Murray. | John Murray. | John Murray. | | | William Beville. | James Colgan. | James Colgan. | | | | | | |_Vety.Surgeon_| Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

+--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 1803 | 1804 | 1805 | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | | | | |_Colonel_ |William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_| | | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | | | | | | |_Lieut. | Patrick Maxwell. | Edgar Hunter. | James Kennedy. | | Colonel_ | Edgar Hunter. |_Sir_ Robt.Wilson.| R. R. Gillespie. | | | | | | |_Major_ | John Bayly. | John Bayly. | John Fortnam. | | | | James Kennedy. | James Cathcart. | | | | | | | | | John Fortnam. | Robert Lisle. | | | James Kennedy. | James Cathcart. | Henry Roberts. | | | John Fortnam. | Robert Lisle. | George John Sale.| |_Captain_ | James Cathcart. | Henry Roberts. | Henry Skelton. | | | Robert Lisle. | George John Sale.| Hugh Henry. | | | Henry Roberts. | Henry Skelton. | Nathan Wilson. | | | | Hugh Henry. | Patrick Anderson.| | | | Wallace Boyle. | Edward Geils. | | | | | | |_Capt. Lieut. | George John Sale.| | | | and Captain_| | | | | | | | | |_Lieutenant_ | John Banger. | Nathan Wilson. | | | | Henry Skelton. | Patrick Anderson.| | | | Wallace Boyle. | Edward Geils. | Henry Young. | | | Nathan Wilson. | Henry Young. | George Tuite. | | | Patrick Anderson.| George Tuite. | Robert Torrens. | | | Edward Geils. | Thomas Johnson. | John Crooks. | | | Henry Young. | Robert Torrens. | Charles Cobbe. | | | George Tuite. | John Crooks. | Richard Miller. | | | Thomas Johnson. | F. Cumberlege. | William Serle. | | | Robert Torrens. | Joseph Dowson. | C. A. Chapman. | | | John Crooks. | Charles Cobbe. | Benjamin Jones. | | | F. Cumberlege. | Richard Miller. | Alan Twaddle. | | | Joseph Dowson. | John David Duval.| | | | Richard Miller. | Wm. L. Herries. | | | | | | | | | Michael T.Harris.| Geo. H. Bellasis.| Geo. H. Bellasis.| | | Wm. L. Herries. | William Serle. | John Atkins. | | | Charles Cobbe. | C. A. Chapman. | James Verner. | |_Cornet_ | ---- Port. | John Atkins. | Colin Anderson. | | | Geo. H. Bellasis.| James Verner. | Chas. T. Wilson. | | | William Serle. | Colin Anderson. | H. A. Gladwin. | | | C. A. Chapman. | Charles Townsend | Robert Kennedy. | | | John M. Jackson. | Wilson. | J. W. Fullerton. | | | | | | |_Paymaster_ | Lawrence Neville.| Lawrence Neville.| Lawrence Neville.| | | | | | |_Adjutant_ | John Crooks. | John Crooks. | John Crooks. | | | | | | |_Surgeon_ | John Abercromby. | John Abercromby. | John Abercromby. | | | | | | |_Asst.Surgeon_| John Murray. | John Murray. | John Murray. | | | James Allerdice. | James Allerdice. | James Allerdice. | | | | | | |_Vety.Surgeon_| Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

+--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | 1806 | 1807 | 1808 | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+ | | | | | |_Colonel_ |William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_|William,_Viscount_| | | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | Howe, _K.B._ | | | | | | |_Lieut. | James Kennedy. | James Kennedy. | James Kennedy. | | Colonel_ | Robt. R. | Robt. R. | J. O. Vandeleur. | | | Gillespie. | Gillespie. | | | | | | | |_Major_ | John Fortnam. | James Cathcart. | James Cathcart. | | | James Cathcart. | Hugh Henry. |_Hon._ John Bruce.| | | | | Richard O’Neill. | | | | | | | | Robert Lisle. | Robert Lisle. | Robert Lisle. | | | Henry Roberts. | Henry Roberts. | Henry Roberts. | | | George John Sale.| George John Sale.| George John Sale.| |_Captain_ | Henry Skelton. | Henry Skelton. | Henry Skelton. | | | Hugh Henry. | Nathan Wilson. | Nathan Wilson. | | | Nathan Wilson. | Patrick Anderson.| Patrick Anderson.| | | Patrick Anderson.| Edward Geils. | Edward Geils. | | | Edward Geils. | | Henry Young. | | | | |_Sir_George Tuite.| | | | | Robert Torrens. | | | | | | | | Henry Young. | Henry Young. | John Crooks. | | | George Tuite. | George Tuite. | John Atkins. | | | Robert Torrens. | Robert Torrens. | James Verner. | | | John Crooks. | John Crooks. | C. A. Chapman. | | | Charles Cobbe. | Charles Cobbe. | William Dunbar. | |_Lieutenant_ | William Serle. | C. A. Chapman. | Chas. T. Wilson. | | | C. A. Chapman. | William Dunbar. | H. A. Gladwin. | | | William Dunbar. | Thomas Keighley. | Lewis B. Buckle. | | | Thomas Keighley. | Alan Twaddle. | Robt. John Edgar.| | | Benjamin Jones. | William Serle. | Benjamin Burton. | | | Alan Twaddle. | James Verner. | Thomas Coulthard.| | | | Robert Kennedy. | R. W. Maxwell. | | | | Thomas Martin. | | | | | Chas. T. Wilson. | | | | | H. A. Gladwin. | | | | | Edward Taylor. | | | | | | | | | John Atkins. | John Atkins. | Henry Young. | | | James Verner. | Colin Anderson. | Benjamin Jones. | | | Colin Anderson. | Henry Young. | James Rathbone. | | | Chas. T. Wilson. | Samuel Saunders. | G. A. Moultrie. | |_Cornet_ | H. A. Gladwin. | John Edgar. | | | | Robert Kennedy. | Lewis B. Buckle. | | | | ---- Smith. | Charles Warden. | | | | J. W. Fullerton. | | | | | John Edgar. | | | | | Lewis B. Buckle. | | | | | | | | |_Paymaster_ | Lawrence Neville.| Lawrence Neville.| Lawrence Neville.| | | | | | |_Adjutant_ | ---- Smith. | Samuel Saunders. | James Rathbone. | | | | | | |_Surgeon_ | John Abercromby. | John Murray. | John Murray. | | | | | | |_Asst.Surgeon_| John Murray. | James Allerdice. | James Allerdice. | | | James Allerdice. | | | | | | | | |_Vety.Surgeon_| Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | Joseph Erratt. | +--------------+------------------+------------------+------------------+

APPENDIX B.

CASUALTIES IN THE NINETEENTH HUSSARS DURING THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1882.

_Wounded._

_Lieutenant_ H.C. Holland (attached), 6th September. D. E. D. Barclay, 13th September.

APPENDIX C.

SPECIAL HONOURS GRANTED TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS FOR EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGN OF 1882.

_Companionship of the Bath._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ K. J. W. Coghill.

_Order of the Medjidie (4th Class)._

_Captain_ J. C. Hanford-Flood.

_Order of the Osmanieh (4th Class)._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ A. G. Webster. _Major_ A. M. Taylor.

_Brevets._

_Major_ A. M. Taylor to be _Lieutenant Colonel_. _Captain_ J. C. Hanford-Flood to be _Major_.

_Mentioned in Dispatches._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ K. J. W. Coghill. A. G. Webster.

_Captain_ J. C. Hanford-Flood.

APPENDIX D.

CASUALTIES IN THE NINETEENTH HUSSARS DURING THE CAMPAIGN NEAR SUAKIN, 1884.

EL TEB (29th February).

_Killed_--

_Captain_ F. A. Freeman.

_Sergeant_ F. Keith. H. Grey. W. D. Brown (_died of wounds_).

_Corporal_ H. Ibbott. P. Hughes.

_Lance Corporal_ C. Maney.

_Trumpeter_ R. Fanning (_died of wounds_).

_Private_ H. Cottle. C. Singleton. H. Williams. W. Wilkinson. P. Webb. S. Garside (_died of wounds_).

_Wounded_--

_Lieutenant Colonel_ P. H. S. Barrow. _Captain_ C. B. H. Jenkins. _Troop Sergeant Major_ T. Taylor. _Sergeant_ H. Phipps. _Saddler_ J. Ferguson. _Corporal_ C. Masters.

_Private_ H. Reeves. F. Floyd. D. C. Price. J. Waitt. E. Fitzpatrick. W. Hollinshead. A. Hubbard. F. Hainning. J. Bartley. W. Lennon. J. Todd. R. Shepperd. J. Sankey. J. Raines. T. O’Connor Lee. E. R. Cheeseman.

TAMAI (13th March).

_Killed_--

_Private_ W. Page.

_Wounded_--

_Lance Corporal_ R. Williams. _Private_ T. Hamilton.

APPENDIX E.

SPECIAL HONOURS GRANTED TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS FOR CAMPAIGN NEAR SUAKIN, 1884.

_Companionship of the Bath._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ A. G. Webster. P. H. S. Barrow.

_Mentioned in Dispatches._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ A. G. Webster. P. H. S. Barrow.

_Major_ J. C. Hanford-Flood.

_Captain_ C. B. H. Jenkins.

_Regimental Sergeant Major_ A. G. Lima.

_Quarter Master Sergeant_ W. Marshall.

_Troop Sergeant Major_ T. Taylor.

_Sergeant_ H. Phipps. W. S. Fenton.

_Private_ J. Bosely.

_Victoria Cross._

_Quarter Master Sergeant_ William T. Marshall.

_Distinguished Service Medal._

_Troop Sergeant Major_ T. Taylor.

_Sergeant_ H. Phipps. W. S. Fenton.

_Private_ J. Boseley.

APPENDIX F.

ADDRESS TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS BY MAJOR GENERAL G. GRAHAM, C.B., V.C. TRINKITAT, 5TH MARCH 1884.

“COLONEL WEBSTER,

“I congratulate you on the efficient state of your Regiment, and I wish to express my high appreciation of the conduct of the officers, non-commissioned officers and men who have displayed unceasing energy in the discharge of their duties. From the commencement of the campaign, no other regiment has done more valuable service, or displayed greater dash and daring, than the 19th Hussars, especially on the 29th February. I wish to convey to the officers, non-commissioned officers and men, my high opinion of their conduct, and, before leaving, I wish the regiment every success in its future career.”

ADDRESS TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS BY BRIGADIER GENERAL H. STEWART. TRINKITAT, 5TH MARCH 1884.

“COLONEL WEBSTER, OFFICERS, NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN OF THE 19TH HUSSARS,

“It affords me great pleasure to thank you for the valuable services you have rendered during the campaign, especially on the 29th February at Fort Teb, where you displayed extreme coolness, unparalleled courage and fearlessness and cheerful and ready obedience to orders, when under a heavy fire, and surrounded by an almost innumerable foe. As a cavalry officer I had not the chance to notice each act of bravery as others had, but the conduct of the regiment, and its steadiness and boldness were noticed by several Infantry Officers who were better able to see and judge than I, and who have spoken to me in the highest possible terms of the way in which it discharged its difficult duties.

“Your loss has been heavy, but your victory has been sure. I mourn the fate of my comrades in arms, and of your second in command Lieut. Colonel Barrow.

“I had heard of your drill, and I proved the efficiency of the regiment when it was on the Curragh, and its present state of efficiency is admirable. Words are inadequate to convey to you how much I would wish to thank you, but I do thank you from the bottom of my heart.”

APPENDIX G.

CASUALTIES IN THE NINETEENTH HUSSARS DURING THE SOUDAN CAMPAIGN OF 1885.

ABU KLEA (16th and 17th January).

_Killed_--

_Corporal_ J. Walker.

_Private_ W. Purton.

_Wounded_--

_Farrier Sergeant_ J. Short.

_Private_ J. Whitefield C. Ray. J. Whelan.

ABU KROU (19th January).

_Killed_--

_Quartermaster_ A. G. Lima.

_Wounded_--

_Private_ D. Godfrey. J. Pullan.

ABU KLEA (17th February).

_Killed_--

_Sergeant_ Horwood.

OPERATIONS NEAR SUAKIN (3rd February).

_Killed_--

_Lance Corporal_ W. Hardy. W. Coyle.

_Private_ W. Campbell. W. Cooper. B. Coppstone. P. King. T. Rafferty. St. Clair.

APPENDIX H.

SPECIAL HONOURS GRANTED TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS FOR SOUDAN CAMPAIGN, 1885.

_Order of the Medjidie_ (_4th Class_).

_Major_ C. B. H. Jenkins.

_Order of the Osmanieh_ (_4th Class_).

_Lieutenant Colonel_ J. C. Hanford-Flood.

_Brevets._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ P. H. S. Barrow to be _Colonel_.

_Major_ J. C. H Flood to be _Lieutenant Colonel_.

_Mentioned in Dispatches._

_Lieutenant Colonel_ P. H. S. Barrow. J. D. P. French.

_Major_ J. C. Hanford-Flood.

_Captain_ J. C. Ker Fox.

_Troop Sergeant Major_ W. T. Beale.

_Sergeant_ R. O. Chislett.

_Distinguished Service Medal._

_Troop Sergeant Major_ W. T. Beale.

_Sergeant_ R. O. Chislett.

_Corporal_ P. Breslan.

_Lance Corporal_ W. Woolley. H. Baker.

_Private_ W. Lennon.

APPENDIX I.

ADDRESS TO NINETEENTH HUSSARS BY GENERAL LORD WOLSELEY, G.C.B. KORTI, 23RD MARCH 1885.

“I am very much pleased with your general appearance and smart turn out this afternoon, which reflects great credit upon the Regiment.

“I know the wear and tear to which your clothing and equipment has been put, and your appearance to-day is highly creditable; but I tell you what is more creditable, and that is the admirable manner in which you have done your work during the campaign, both with the River and Desert Column. The late Genl. Sir H. Stewart told me, after the campaign of 1884 in the Eastern Soudan, of the good work you did there, and said that there was no regiment of cavalry in Her Majesty’s Service which knew its work more thoroughly, or could have performed it better than the 19th Hussars, and that you were everything a Hussar regiment should be.

“He was no bad judge, and I know you will value what he said.

“I for my part have heard this opinion confirmed on all sides, during the campaign, and, from what I have personally seen of you, I believe it to be true. Your success is due not only to the Officers and Non-Commissioned Officers, who have taught you, and who lead you, but to the Private Soldiers, each one of whom knows his work as a Cavalry Soldier, and does his duty so thoroughly.

“This is of the highest importance in a Light Cavalry Regiment, and you have proved its value. You have several months of hot weather in front of you, but I know you will face it cheerfully, as your duty; and I hope that you will keep well, so that when the autumn comes, and we advance on Khartoum, I may see the 19th Hussars leading the way, and giving a good account of the enemy, as they have done before.

“I shall have very much pleasure in reporting to H.R.H. the Field Marshal Commanding in Chief what I have told you to-day.”

APPENDIX K.

REPORT BY COLONEL BARROW ON THE ARAB HORSES RIDDEN BY THE NINETEENTH HUSSARS DURING THE NILE CAMPAIGN OF 1885.

_Description of Horse._

Arab stallion. Average height, 14 hands; average age, 8 years to 9 years; some 15 per cent. over 12 years; bought by Egyptian Government in Syria and Lower Egypt; average price, 18_l._

_Work done previous to Campaign._

Some 50 per cent. had been through the campaign in the Eastern Soudan with the 19th Hussars in February and March 1884, and returned in a very exhausted state, and about 10 per cent. had been at Tel-el-Kebir.

In June 1884 the whole number were taken by Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor, with the Egyptian Cavalry, from Cairo to Assouan in barges, and remained there for two months.

In September 1884 they were marched by Major Grenfell from Assouan to Wady Halfa, 210 miles, and there awaited the arrival of the 19th Hussars. 350 of these ponies were handed over to the 19th Hussars on 13th November 1884, all except some 10 per cent., being in a very fair marching condition.

_The March up the Nile._

The 19th Hussars marched by squadrons from Wady Halfa to Korti, distance 360 miles. Average daily march about 16 miles, not including halts.

Halts were made for one day at Absarat, one day at Dongola, and two days at Shabadood when crossing the river.

The ration was supposed to be 8 lb. of grain, barley or dhourra, and 10 lb. of dhourra stalk; but owing to scarcity of grain, the horses generally received about 6 lb. of grain and 10 lb. of dhourra stalks.

They arrived at Korti in very good condition.

_Halt at Korti._

The horses remained at Korti from 20th December to 7th January, and received 8 lb. green dhourra stalk daily instead of dry stalk. They improved during the halt at Korti.

On the 30th December 40 horses proceeded to Jakdul, 100 miles, and performed the reconnaissance duties of the column. The march to Jakdul was performed in 63 hours, 15 hours’ rest there, and the return journey in 63 hours. Six horses returned the 100 miles in 46 hours; the last 50 miles in 7½ hours.

During the 141 hours of this march the horses were ridden for 83 hours.

_Desert March._

From the 8th to the 19th of January, the 19th Hussars, strength as below, marched across the desert with General Sir H. Stewart’s Column:--

Officers 8 Men 127 Horses 155

In addition, therefore, to one extra horse for each Officer, there were 12 spare horses.

The following table will show the daily work performed and amount of food and water given daily to each horse.

The 40 horses referred to in previous paragraph returned to Korti on the 5th, and started again on the 8th, as fit as any horses in the troop.

There was not one casualty out of the 40:--

+---------+----------------------+-----+----+----------+--------+------+ | | | No. of | When | Amount | Food | | Date. | Time of March. |Hours. | Watered. | of |Grain.| | | | Miles.| | Water.| | |---------+----------------------+-----+----+----------+--------+------+ | | | | | | | lb. | |Janry.8th| 2p.m. to 6p.m. | 4 | 16 | ... ... | ... | 6 | | | | | | | | | | ” 9th | 2.45a.m. to 10a.m. | 7¼ | 29 | 10.30a.m.| 1½ gal.| 6 | | | 2p.m. to 6p.m. | 4 | 16 | 6.15p.m.| ½ ” | | | | | | | | | | | ” 10th | 3a.m. to 9am. | 6 | 24 | ... ... | ... | 6 | | |12.15p.m. to 4.30p.m. | 4½ | 17 | 4.45p.m.| ¼ gal.| | | | | | | | | | | ” 11th | 3.30a.m. to 12.30p.m.| 9 | 36 | 12.45p.m.|F’ldr’nk| 6 | | | | | | | | | | ” 12th | ... ... ... | ... | ...| 9a.m. | ” | 6 | | |12.30p.m. to 4.30p.m. | 4 | 16 | 4.45p.m.| ” | | | | | | | | | | | ” 13th | Halt at Gakdul | ... | ...| 8.30a.m.,| ” | 6 | | | | | | 4.45p.m.| | | | | | | | | | | | ” 14th | ... ... ... | ... | ...| 6a.m., | ” | 6 | | | | | | 1p.m. | | | | | 2.30p.m. to 6.30p.m. | 4 | ...| ... ... | ... | | | | | | | | | | | ” 15th | 5a.m to 10a.m. | 5 | 20 | 10.30a.m.| 1¼ gal.| 5 | | | 1.30p.m. to 6p.m. | 4½ | 18 | ... ... | ... | | | | | | | | | | | ” 16th | 4.30a.m. to 4p.m. | 11½ | 40 | 6p.m. | ½ gal.| 4 | | | | | | | | | | ” 17th | 8a.m. to 4p.m. | 8 | 32 | 4p.m. | 2 gal.| 4 | | | | | | | | | | ” 18th | ... ... ... | ... | ...| 7a.m. | 1 gal.| 3 | | | 4p.m. to 12p.m. | 8 | 32 | ... ... | ... | ... | | | | | | | | | | ” 19th | 12p.m. to 9a.m. | 9 | 36 | ... ... | ... | 1 | | | 9a.m. to 12 noon | 21 | ...| ... ... | ... | ... | | | | | | | | | | ” 20th | 12 noon to 1p.m. | 13 | ...| ... ... | ... | ... | | | ... ... ... | 1 | 4 | 2p.m. |F’ldr’nk| ... | +---------+----------------------+-----+----+----------+--------+------+

It will be seen from the above table, that the average forage ration for the first 10 days was about 5 lb. to 6 lb. of grain, and 2 gallons of water, the horses performing 31 miles daily, not counting one day’s halt.

When the final advance was made on Matammeh, the horses marched to the Nile without having received a drop of water for 55 hours, and only 1 lb. of grain. Some 15 to 20 horses received no water for 70 hours.

_The Halt at Gubat._

During the period, 20th January to 14th February, the horses received no grain, but were fed on dhourra stalk, or green dhourra stalk, about 8 lb. daily; two days before marching they received 6 lb. of grain.

They performed outpost and patrol duty, averaging some 8 miles daily. Under the above conditions the horses recovered from the effort made during the desert march, but many were in a weak state.

_Return to Korti and Dongola._

The first 75 miles, the horses performed the whole distance on 4 lb. of grain and 3 gallons of water, the remainder of the journey water was plentiful, and the 8 lb. of grain was supplied. Two marches of over 40 miles were performed, which shows that the horses were still able to march. After two weeks’ rest at Korti, the horses marched strong and well to Dongola and other stations, receiving plenty of food and water, and after two months’ halt they were in quite as good condition as when they left Wady Haifa.

_The Return March--Dongola to Wady Haifa._

On the return march to Wady Haifa the distance, some 250 miles, was performed at the average rate of some 16 miles a day, with one halt for two days.

The marching was done mostly at night, but the horses were generally exposed to a hot sun all day, as there was not much shelter for them under the palm trees.

Except two fractures from kicks, no horses were lost or left on the line of march.

The horses were conveyed from Wady Haifa to Assouan in barges, and after two weeks’ rest at Assouan were handed over to the 20th Hussars in quite as good order as when they left Wady Haifa nine months previously.

The attached statement gives a list of casualties.

I think it may be considered a most remarkable circumstance, that out of 350 horses during nine months on a hard campaign, only 12 died from disease.

This result must be attributed to the two facts:--

1. That the climate of the Soudan is most suitable for horses.

2. That the Syrian horse has a wonderful constitution, and is admirably suited for warfare in an eastern climate.

_Conclusion._

The distance actually marched from point to point, not taking any account of reconnaissances, &c., was over 1500 miles.

The weight carried was reduced to the minimum, but averaged about 14 stone. The weather during the last four months of the campaign was trying. Food was often very limited, and during the desert march water very scarce. Under the above conditions, I venture to think that the performances of the regiment on the Arab ponies, will compare with the performance of any horsemen on record.

* * * * *

_Casualty Return of Arab ponies, 19th (Princess of Wales’ Own) Hussars, 13th November 1884 to 1st July 1885._

SUMMARY.

Killed in action 20 Destroyed 37 Drowned 1 Missing 1 Died 12 -- Total 71 ===

DISEASE.

Bullet wounds 23 Exhaustion 31 Fractures 7 Paralysis 1 Enteritis 1 Farcy 1 Purpura hæmorrhagica 1 Rupture of intestine 1 Rupture of stomach 1 Saddle gall 1 Colic spasmodic 1 Missing 1 Drowned 1 -- Total 71 ===

_Casualty Return of Arab Ponies, 19th (Princess of Wales’ Own) Hussars, from 13th November 1884, to 1st July 1885, showing the period during which the horses died._

+----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+ | Period. |Number of |Destroyed or|Destroyed or | Killed | | | horses | died from | died from | in | | |effective.|debility and|other causes.| action.| | | | exhaustion.| | | +----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+ | | | | | | |Wady Haifa to Korti, | 350 | ... | 5 | ... | | 13th November to | | | | | | 8th January | | | | | | | | | | | |Korti to Matammeh and | 155 | 19 | 5 | 20 | | back, 8th January | | | | | | to 8th March | | | | | | | | | | | |At Korti, 8th January | 73 | ... | 2 | ... | | to 8th March | | | | | | | | | | | |With River Column, | 107 | 3 | 1 | ... | | 1st January to | | | | | | 8th March | | | | | | | | | | | |Korti, Dongola, and | 347 | 5 | 9 | ... | | other Stations, | | | | | | 9th March to | | | | | | 20th June | | | | | | | | | | | |Dongola, Assouan, | 380 | ... | 2 | ... | | 21st June to | | | | | | 1st July 1885 | | | | | | +----------+------------+-------------+--------+ | Total deaths | ... | 27 | 24 | 20 | +----------------------+----------+------------+-------------+--------+

_A few practical lessons learnt._

1. When water was limited to two gallons or less it was given in small quantities, not all at once. Even one pint to the horses, or just enough to moisten their mouths, enabled them to come up to time again. On one occasion, late at night, the horses were much exhausted--we were 35 miles from water, and less than one pint left per horse--the horses could not eat, their mouths were so parched. I had a sack of dhourra meal, and with the water made a number of moist balls of meal. These balls revived the horses, and they marched on their 35 miles next morning. I obtained this hint, previous to the campaign, from General V. Baker, who told me that the Turkomans used to carry in skins balls of grease, or oil and meal.

2. The horses were saved on every possible occasion, and by every possible device. The men never sat on their horses’ backs for a moment longer than necessary. Marches in column were avoided, extended line being used, so that each horse had pure air to breathe; when picketed, horses always had plenty of room and their heads to the breeze; when possible, they were washed two or three times a week, which tended much towards their healthy condition.

3. Several horses were severely wounded, but recovered rapidly, although in a very exhausted condition.

4. The horses were fed, whenever possible, on the grass of the Bayuda Desert. This grass was very dry. The horses chewed it, but ate very little. During the last few days of the march to Matammeh, there was no opportunity for giving the horses any grass.

On several occasions, tins of mouldy biscuit, unfit for issue to the men, were obtained from the Commissariat, and the biscuit given to the horses.

They ate this greedily and worked on it.

P. H. S. BARROW, _Lieut.-Colonel, 19th Hussars_.

CAIRO, _1st August 1885_.

INDEX

Abercromby, Gen., 68, 80, 90, 94

Aboukir, 235

Abu Dom, 260

Abu Hamed, 256, 259

Abu Klea, action at, 249-251, 255

Abu Krou, 253

Abu Kussi, 260

Adams, Major Gen., 46

Affleck, Major, 70

Agra, 134, 135, 227

Ahmednugger, 132, 133, 134; captured, 136

Aix-la-Chapelle, Treaty of, 1

Ajunta Pass, 137, 138, 148, 149

Akola, 149

Aldborough, 11

Aldershot, 229, 266

Alexandria, 234

Allahabad, 133, 134, 222, 227

Alyghur, 132, 134

Amboor, 82

Ameer Khan, 115

America, War in, 10, 19

Amherstberg, 176, 179

Ancaster, 180, 209

Anstey, Robert, 28

Apthorp, Capt., 261

Arabi Pasha, 233; his rebellion, 233; number of men, 235; surrenders, 238

Arcot, 52, 124

Argaum, 135, 149; battle of, 150-152

Arikera, 88; battle of, 89

Armstrong, J. W., 229

Armstrong, Major William, 231

Army, increase of the, 3, 11; size of letters, 111

Arnee, 31, 72, 78, 80; battle of, 23; mutiny at, 51

Arrekeery, 124

Arthur, Lieut. Sir G., 232

Assaye, battle of, 131, 135, 138-144, 154; village, 137, 140

Asseerghur, 135, 149

Assiout, 263

Assouan, 263

_Assyrian Monarch_, 234, 236

Athy, 158

Aurungabad, 137, 148, 149

Austria, coalition with France, 2

Avaracoorchi, 69

Aylmer, Lieut., 234

Badajoz, 173

Badges, 113, 156, 217, 246, 264, 266

Baillie, Colonel, 20

Baird, Major Gen. Sir David, 58, 108

Baker, Fort, 241

Baker, Major Gen., 240, 241

Balasore, 133, 135

Baltimore, 214

Bangalore, 82, 94, 107, 266; captured, 87

Barabuttee, 135

Baramahal, 78

Barclay, Lieut., 238

Baring, Capt. R., 226

Baroda, 126, 133

Barrington, 27; Sir Jonah, 158; Mr, 158

Barrow, Major Gen. Lousada, 264

Barrow, Lieut. Col., 241, 242, 243, 247, 249, 253, 254, 319; death, 264, 309

Barrow, Cornet S. D., 226

Bassein, Treaty of, 129

Bateman, Private Jonas, 30

Bayly, Lieut., 70

_Beatson’s Mysore War_, extract from, 110, _note_

Beaver Dam, 182

Beccles, 15

Beckwith, Lieut. John, 24, 28

Bednore, 36, 115

Begum Somroo, 148

Belbeis, 238

Belfast, 231

Belleisle, siege of, 64

Benares, 133, 227

Benedict, 213

Bengal, 1st European Light Cavalry, formation of, 222; services transferred to the Crown, 223; the “White Mutiny,” 224; at Cawnpore, 225; designated 19th Light Dragoons, 225; 19th Hussars, 226

Berber, 246

Bhagelcottah, 120

Bhonslay, Rajah of Berar, 126, 130, 148; encamped at Argaum, 149; defeated, 152; sues for peace, 153

Bhowani river, 69

Bickerton, Vice-Adm. Sir R., 29, 36

Biddulph, Lieut. J., 226

Birti, 257

Bisshopp, Lieut. Col., 183

Bissolee Pass, 124

Black Rock, Fort, 183; occupied, 186

Bladensberg, 213

Blagrove, Lieut., 232

Blairfindie, 217

Boerstler, Col., 182

Bokerdun, 137

Bombay, 30, 227, 266

Boscawen, 4

Boseley, Private, 243

Boulderson, Cornet J., 226

Bourquien, 135

Bowser, Lieut. Col., 118

Bowyer, Fort, 215

Boyd, 104, _note_; Gen., 190, 191

Boyle, Capt., 144

Brackenbury, Col. H., 259

Braddock, his expedition to New England, 2

Brady, Sergeant, 162, 167

Brandywine, 64

Brathwaite, Col., 31, 100

Brest, blockade of, 4

Bridgenorth, 14

Brighton, 228

British troops, position of on the Niagara frontier, 195

Broach, 134

Brock, Major Gen., 176, 177; death, 178

Bromley, 15

Brook, Col., 214

Brooke, Capt., 203

Brooks, Major J. H., 226

Broughton, Lieut. Col., 133

Brown, Gen, 190, 197, 208; Geo., 8

Bruce, Major Gen., 41, 46, 49

Brunswick, Prince Ferdinand of, 4

Buchanan, Private, 85

Budnapore, 137

Buffalo, 179; taken, 186

Bulger, Lieut., 195

Buller, Major Gen. Sir Redvers, 255, 256

Bullum, Rajah of, 123

Bundelcund, 132, 134

Bungay, 15

Bunker’s Hill, 64

Burgoyne, Col. Sir John, in command of the 23rd Regiment of Light Dragoons, 23, 24, 29; Orders and Instructions, 25-27; on the treatment of his regiment, 42; Commander-in-Chiefship conferred, 43; refuses to accept, 44; difficulties of his position, 45-48; interview with Lord Macartney, 49; assumes command, 50; arrest, 51; court-martial, 54; acquitted, 56; his death, 57

Burhanpore, 131, 135, 148

Burlington Heights, 181, 184, 196

Bury St Edmunds, 31

Buswapore, 121

Cabul, 102

Cairo, 238

Calicut, 80

Calpee, 135

Calvert, Harry, 113, 156, 217

Cambay, Bay of, 125

Campbell, Major Gen. Alan, 46, 51

Campbell, Sir Archibald, inspection of the 19th Light Dragoons, 64

Campbell, Capt. Lieut. John, 24, 28

Campbell, Lieut. Col, 133

Canara, 124

Caniembadi, 88, 90

Cannanore, 107

Capper, Lieut. Col., 120

Capsah, 135

Cathcart, Capt., 144

Cauveripatam, 78

Cauvery river, 79, 88, 95, 97, 109

Cawnpore, 133, 227

_Ceres_, 29

Chambly, 215

Champaneer, 135

Champlain Lake, 178, 188, 195

Chandler, Gen., 182

Changama Pass, 72, 82

Chapman, Lieut. A. H., 226

Charlotte, Queen, her funeral, 218

Chateaugay river, 188; battle, 188

Chatham, 11

Chazy, 211

Cherbourg, 4

Cheyloor, 123

Chicago, 194

Child, Lieut., W. G., 24, 28; Capt., 73, 84, 98

Chinroypatam, 123

Chippewa, 197; battle of, 198

Chitteldroog, 117

Chrystler’s Farm, 184; battle of, 190

Chumbul, 127

Chunar, 133

Ciudad Rodrigo, 173

Clair, St, Lake, 209

Clarke, Capt. M., 226

Clonmel, 172

Coates, Major, 163

Cockburn, Vice-Adm., 213

Coghill, Lieut. Col., K. J. W., 231, 234, 236

Coimbatore, 68, 69, 74, 77, 93

Colle, La, 195

Combe, Col. Boyce, 265

Combermere, Lord, 102

Conaghul, 122

Conflans, 4

Conjeveram, 59, 68

Connaught, Duke of, 235

Coorg, 124; Rajah of, 110

Coote, Sir Eyre, his victory at Porto Novo, 20; on the want of cavalry, 22; forced to resign, 31, 39; his death, 36, 41; treatment by the Madras Government, 41

Cornwallis, Lord, 21, 79; capitulates, 20; assumes command of the army, 81; his advance on Bangalore, 82; improvement in the order of march, 82; captures Bangalore, 87; attack on Seringapatam, 96; takes possession of French territories, 100

Cotapilli, 87

Cotton, Lieut. Col. Stapleton, 101

Couch, G., 226

Coveripoorum Pass, 111

Covington, Gen., 191

Cowdelghee, 120

Cowgatchy, 34

Cox Heath, 11

Crabbe, Lieut., 232

Cradock, Lieut. Gen. Sir J., 160

Craigie, Capt. H. C., 226

Craven, Lieut., 253

Crawford, Lieut. G. H., 24, 28

Crespigny, Lieut. de, 232

Croydon, 15

Cuddalore, 31; attack on, 36; siege of, 41

_Culloden_, 166

Cumberland, Duke of, evacuates Hanover, 3

Currie, H. O., 226

Cuttack, 132, 135

_Cygnet_, 174

Dalling, Lieut. Gen. Sir J., Commander-in-chief in Madras, 54

Damodar River, 133

Darapooram, 69, 72, 78

Darley, Major, 73

Dartmoor, 229

Datchet, 218

David’s, St, village, burnt, 200

De Boigne, 127

Dearborn, Gen., 178, 181

Deare, Major Gen., 133

Delaware, 195

Delhi, 126; battle of, 135

Demiacotta, 69, 76

Deodroog, 121, 122

Deogam, 153

Deogheri, 118

Desert Column, 249

Detroit, Fort, 178; frontier, 175

Devis, A. W., 98

Deyrah Dhoon, 167

Dharwar, 80, 90, 115

Dhoondia, Punt Gokla, 116, 118

Dhoondia Wao, 115; head quarters, 116; adherents, 117; defeated and killed, 122

Dindigal, 71, 72

Dirom, extract from, 97

Dobbs, Capt., 207

Dodd, Capt. Thomas Crewe, 28

Domingo, St, 159

Dongola, 270, 263

Dover, village of, burnt, 196

Dowlut Rao Scindia, 127

Downie, Capt., 212

Dragoons, Light, 19th Regiment of, 5; notification to raise, 5; Royal Warrant, 6-8; change of number, 9; uniform, 9, 12; formation, 12; strength, 12; clothing accounts, 12; quartered at various places, 14; disbanded, 15

Dragoons, Light, 23rd, formation of, 23; appointments, 24; despatched to India, 27; strength, 28, 65, 100, 104, 171, 210, 219; list of the officers, 28; embark, 29; at Madras, 30, 32, 92; appearance, 33; casualties among the horses, 52; review, 59; at Shevtamodoo, 59, 99; change of number, 62; uniform, 62-64; under orders, 67; casualties, 76, 86, 90, 144, 152, 205; remounted, 92; return to Trichinopoly, 100, 112; badges granted, 113, 155, 216; expedition against Dhoondia Wao, 117; at Cheyloor, 123; the battle of Assaye, 142; conspicuous gallantry, 146; honorary colours granted, 147; battle of Argaum, 150; march against banditti, 154; encamped at Panwell, 155; return to England, 168, 171, 218; approbation of their services, 169-171; in Ireland, 172, 218; ordered to Canada, 173; equipped as lancers, 218; disbanded, 219

Drogheda, Earl of, 5

Drummond, Lieut. Gen., 185, 195; his attack on Oswego, 196; at Toronto, 200; Lundy’s Lane, 201-205; wounded, 205; blockade of Fort Erie, 206-208

Drummond, Lieut. Col., 207

Dublin, 172

Dudrenec, 132

Dufferin, Lady, 238

Dummul, 119

Earle, Major Gen. W., 248, 256; death, 258

East India Company, condition of the European forces, 20; want of cavalry, 21; jealousy of the King’s Officers, 37; raises European cavalry regiments, 221; cease to exist, 223

Egypt, Khedive of, deposed, 233

El Kooa, 257

El Magfar, 235

El Teb, battle of, 241-244

Ellice, Capt. H. E., 226

Ellichpore, 152

Elliott, Sir John, 60

Ellore, 53

Emsdorf, battle of, 60

England, condition of, in 1779, 10; in 1781, 19

Epsom, 15

Eratoor, 95

Erie, Fort, 177, 179, 186, 197; evacuated, 181; assault on, 206-208; Lake, 175, 177; naval action on, 180

Erode, 71, 72, 77

Es Salihiyeh, 237

_Euphrates_, 266

Europe, state of affairs in 1756, 1; peace in, 36

Eustace, Capt., 207, 208, 209

Ewell, 15

Eyre, Thomas, 28

Fairbrother, Capt. C. M. S., 226

Fairlie, Lieut. C. H., 226

Fancourt, Col., 161

Fatt, Sergeant James, 244

Fawcett, Lieut. Gen., 18

Fenton, Sergeant, 243

Fenwick, Col., 133

Ferguson, Lieut. Col., 133

Finglass, Capt., 104, _note_

Fitzgibbon, Lieut., 182

Fitz-Patrick, R., 17

Floyd, Lieut. Col. John, 24, 28, 29, 46, 49, 94, 98, 100, 106; his birth, 60; commission in the 15th Light Dragoons, 60; appointed Major of the 21st and Lieut. Col. of the 23rd, 61; his advance on Coimbatore, 69; takes the Fort of Satyamunglum, 71; retreat, 74; reaches Velladi, 76; casualties, 76; reconnoissance, 84; wounded, 85; on the attack at Seringapatam, 96; charge at Mallavelly, 108; sails for England, 114; appointed Colonel of the 26th Light Dragoons, 114; death, 114

Forbes, Lieut. Col., 163

Fortnam, Cornet John, 90

Forty-mile Creek, 182

Four Mile Creek, 183

France, coalition with Austria, 2; declares war against England, 10, 99

Freeman, Capt., 242

Fremantle, Major Gen., 261

French, Major, 250, 255, 256

French Mills, 191

Frenchtown, 179

Fullarton, Col., 36, 82

Fullerton, Cornet John, 24

Gaekwar of Baroda, 126

Gaines, Gen., 207

Ganjam, 133, 134

Gardner, Private Joseph, 30

Gawilghur, 135, 148, 149, 152

_Geelong_, 265

George II., his death, 9

George IV., his review of the regiments, 218

George, Fort, 33, 177, 179, 183, 197, 199; evacuated, 181; re-occupied, 185

Ghent, Treaty of Peace signed at, 215

Ghuffoor Khan, 115

Gibbs, Major Gen., 215

Gibraltar, siege of, 19

Gillespie, Lieut. Col. R. R., 157; his career, 158; treatment of the Vellore mutiny, 163-166; death, 167

Gladwin, Lieut., 183

Godavery, 133, 137, 154

Gokauk, 120

Gordon, Col., 42, 186, 240, 246

Gough, Capt. H. H., 226

Gowdie, Major, 84, 86

Graham, Major Gen., 236, 240, 244, 245, 261, 308

Grand River, 210

Grant, Lieut. Alex., 146

Grant, Major Gen. Sir Hope, 222

_Grant Duff’s History of the Mahrattas_, extracts from, 142, 146

Grenadier Island, 188, 189

Guadaloupe captured, 4

Gubat, 254; evacuated, 255

Gudduck, 119

Guiche, Comte de, 29

Guidons, 231, 232

Gunjicotta, 92

Guns, galloper, 105

Gurramconda, 94

Gutpurba river, 120

Guzerat, 133, 134

Guzulhutti Pass, 68, 70, 71, 72

Gwalior, 136, 152, 153

Hale, Cornet, 98

Halesworth, 15

Hall, Gen., 186

Hall, Lieut. Gen. John, 227, 228

Hamdab, 256

Hamdoob, 261

Hamley, Lieut. Gen. Sir E., 236

Hampton, Gen, 188

Handcock, Major, 195

Hanford-Flood, Major, 243, 256

Hanoor, 120

Hanover, 3

Harcourt, Lieut. Col., 133, 135

Harding, Cornet F. D., 226

Haren, Major du, 182

Hari Punt, 81, 91, 94

Harris, Gen., 89, 106, 107, 109; on the Cavalry Division, 112; raised to the peerage, 113

Harrison, Gen., 179

Hartley, Col., 68, 72, 78, 80

Harvey, Col., 182

Hasheem, 261, 262

Hassan, 124

Hastings, Warren, 37, 40

Havre, 4

Hawke, blockades Brest, 4; destroys a French fleet, 4

Hearsey, Lieut. A., 226

Hebbeh, 259

Helena, St, 171

Helouan, 238

Hessing, 129

Hicks, Major Gen., 240

Hill, Capt. Sir J., 226

Hilton, Robert, 28

Hinde, Lieut. T. J. V., 24, 28

Holkar, 126, 128; hostilities against Scindia, 129; alliance, 130

Holland, Lieut., 232, 237

Holland, declaration of war in 1781, 14

Honorary Colours for Assaye, 147, 231

Hoobli, 120

Hooli, 120

Hooliadroog, 92, 95

Hoonagoonda, 121

Horsefall, John, 28

Horsham, 15

Horton, Lieut., 197, 199

Horwood, Sergeant, 255

Hounslow, 218, 230, 265, 266

Howe, Lord, 4; Lieut. Gen. the Hon. Sir W., 156; appointed Colonel of the 19th Light Dragoons, 64; his death, 216

Huella, 259

Hughes, 31

Hull, Gen., 176

Hunmunsagur, 121

Hunter, Major Edgar, 157

Huron, Lake, 175, 179

Hurrianah, 115

Hurryhur, 117, 131

Hussars, 19th, 226; ordered to England, 227, 232, 265; badges granted, 229, 246, 264, 266; in Ireland, 230; restoration of guidons, 231; ordered to Egypt, 232; to Suakin, 240; casualties, 243, 245, 304, 306, 310; return to Cairo, 246; ordered up the Nile, 247; designation of “Princess of Wales’ Own” conferred, 264; ordered to India, 266; honours granted, 305, 307, 311

Hutchinson, Major Gen. Coote Synge, 266

Huth, Cornet F. H., 226

Hyder Ali, of Mysore, 20, 31; death, 35

Hyderabad, 65, 102; dispersal of the French contingent, 103

India, results of the campaign of 1781, 20; condition of the European troops, 20; want of cavalry, 21; state of affairs in, 31; relations between civil and military, 37

Indore, 126, 129

_Iona_, 265

Ireland, 230

Ismailia, 235

Izard, Gen., 209

Jackson, Gen., 215

Jaffirabad, 137

Jaffrey, John, 28

Jakdul, 249, 255

Jalasore, 133

Jalgaum, 137

_Jane, Duchess of Gordon_, 171

Jaulna, 137, 154

Jellahal, 120

Jenkins, Capt., 243; Lieut. Col. C. V., 226

Jenkinson, C., 11, 14, 24

Jervoise, Lieut. C. C., 226

Johnston, Lieut. Gen. James, 12, 18

Jowrah, State of, 115

Juah river, 138, 141

Juggernaut, 135

Jumna, 127

_Jumna_, 227

Kaitna River, 138

Kalunga, 167

Kandeish, 129

Karoor, 69, 72, 78

Kassassin, 236

Keane, Major Gen., 215

Kelly, Col., 68, 72

Kemp, Private Simon, 30

Kennedy, Lieut. Col., 157, 164; Capt., 109

Khanagheri, 121

Khartoum, 240; expedition to relieve, 247; captured by the Mahdi, 254; preparations for the advance on abandoned, 263

Kingston, 175, 179, 181, 184

Kirbekan, 257; victory at, 258

Kistna river, 66, 120

Kistnapah Naik, 123

Kittoor, 118

Kloster-Severn, convention of, 3

Kolapore, Rajah of, 126, 128

Kolar, 94

Koondgul, 119

Kopaul, 81

Kordofan, 239

Korosko, 263

Korti, 248, 249, 253, 255, 256

Kurot, 260

La Prairie, 178, 215, 217

La Terriere, Lieut., 232

Lagos, Bay of, 4

Lahore, 104

Lake, Gen., 133, 134, 135

Lang, Lieut. Col., appointed Commander-in-Chief, 44; withdrawn from the service, 57

Laswaree, 135

Lawrence, St, 175, 187, 191

Lawrence, Sir John, 227

Leeds, 230

Leger, St, Lieut. Col. the Hon. Arthur, 151

Legge, H. B., 8

Leigh, Lieut. Hon. R., 232

Lewiston captured, 186, 201

Lexden Heath, 12

Lima, Quarter Master A. G., 252, 263

Lisle, Capt., 175, 183, 184, 186; Major, 196, 199, 201, 209

Lister’s Corps, 12

Little, Capt., 91

Longford, 172

Long Island, 64

Long Point, 196, 197

Long Sault, 190

Louisbourg, expedition against, 3, 4

Lowe, Major Gen., 236

Luard, Capt. F. P., 226

Ludlow, 14

Lundy’s Lane, 201; battle of, 202-205

_Lundy’s Lane Hist. Society_, extracts from, 185, 195, 198, _notes_

Lunkia Naik, 101

Macartney, Lord, 32, _note_, 36; Governor of Madras, 39; character, 47; his treatment of Sir J. Burgoyne, 48; interview with him, 49; resigns his post, 54; sails for England, 54; duels, 55

Macdonell, 187, 189

Mackenzie, Lieut. Col., 47, 158; Cornet Roderick, 85, 90

Mackinaw, island of, 176, 178, 194

Macomb, Gen., 211

Macpherson, Major Gen. Sir H., 235

Madho Rao Scindia, 127

Madras, 30; famine in, 31; mismanagement of the administration, 33, 38; council, 38; treatment of Sir E. Coote, 41; native cavalry, 65

Magre, 94

Mahé, 20

Mahomed Ahmed, 239

Mahommed Tewfik, 233

Mahrattas, 20, 80; arrival of, 91; supremacy, 125; quarrels, 128

Mahsamah, 236, 237

Maidstone, 216

Majendie, Capt. Lieut. Lewis, 24

Malabar, 80

Mallavelly, 107; battle of, 108

Malpurba, 119, 120

Malwa, 128

Manapur, 101

Mangalore, peace of, 66

Manikpatam, 135

Manners, Major Gen. R., Letter of service to, 11; warrant to refund clothing money, 12

Manoli, 119

Mansfield, Major Gen. Sir W., 222

Marshall, Quartermaster Sergeant W., 243

Maryborough, 159

Matthews, Major Gen., 36

Mauritius, 103

Maxwell, Lieut. Col., 72, 78, 89, 141; killed, 143; pension to his widow, 147

McArthur, Gen., 209

McClure, Gen., 184, 185

M‘Culloch, John, 28

McDouall, Col., 194

Medows, Major Gen., 67, 89; in command of the army, 68; advance on Coimbatore, 69, 77

Meerut, 167, 227

Meigs, Fort, 180

Merawi, 259, 260; evacuated, 263

Metemmeh, 248, 249, 254

Miami river, 180

Michigan, Lake, 176, 179

Midnapore, 133

Militia Bill, 3

Milne, S. M., _Standards and Colours of the Army_, 232

Minden, 4

Minorca, fall of, 2

M‘Intyre, 129

Mirzapore, 133

Mitcham, 15

M‘Kay, Col., 194

Mobile Point, 215

Mocher, Lieut. Gen., 18

Money, Cornet E. A., 226

Monghyr, 34

Montcalm, 3

Montreal, 175, 179, 217; preparations for the attack on, 188

_Montreal_, 234, 236

Moodgul, 134

Moodianoor, 135

Mooglee Pass, 82

Morgan, Capt., 133, 135

Mornington, Lord, 103

Morris, Lieut. R., 226, 232

Morrison, Lieut. Col., 190, 191

Mudgheri, 121

Munro, Sir Hector, 20, 25 _note_; resigns his command, 31

Murray, Col., 133, 185, 188; Corporal, 85

Musgrave, Major Gen., 80, 93

Mysore, 68; fall of, 112

Nagmunglum, 92

Nagpore, 126, 153; Rajah, 131

Nana Farnawis, 126, 128

Nash, Capt. Thomas, 24, 28

Naulniah, 138, 144

Neemgaum, 154

_Neera_, wreck of the, 241

Nefisha, 235

Negapatam, 31

Nerbudda, 131, 133

Neville, Lieut., 66

New Orleans, 214; expedition against, 215

Newark, 183; burnt, 185

Newbridge, 218

Newcastle, Holles, 8

Niagara, Fort, 181; success at, 186; frontier, 175; position of the British troops, 195

Nizam of Hyderabad, 20, 80, 106; the horse, 89; decrease of his power, 125

Noix, Isle aux, 188, 217

Northampton, 171

Norwich, 14, 265

Nundydroog, 93

Occarro, 70

Ogdensburg, 187, 189, 190

Ogle, Major Gen., 46, 50

Oldham, Col., 70

Oliphant, Lieut., 101

O’Neill, Lieut. Col. the Hon. J., 174, 183

Ontario, Lake, 175, 177, 181

Oojain, 126, 129

Ooscotta, 94, 112

Ootradroog, 94

_Orient_, 234

_Osiris_, 241

Osman Digna, 240

Oswald, James, 8

Oswego, 177, 196

Pachet, 133

Pakenham, Major Gen. Sir E., 215

Palghat, 71, 77

Paliar river, 60

Palicode Pass, 82

Pareshram Bhow, 81, 91, 94

Paris, Peace of, in 1763, 9

Parkes, Private, 78

Parterly, 149

Partoor, 137

Paterson, Major, 123

Patree, 149

Patterson, Cornet James, 90

Pattle, Gen. William, 226

Paugri, 138

Pawaghur, 135

Payne, Lieut. Gen. Sir W., 216

Pearl river, 215

Pearson, Lieut. Col., 199, 201

Pednaikdirgum Pass, 94

Peepulgaon, 139

Peishwa, 125; under the protection of the British Government, 129

Pellew, Rear Adm. Sir E., 171

Pembroke, Lord, his book on military equitation, 60

Periapatam, 90, 94, 107, 109

Permacoil, 80

Perron, 115, 127, 128; number of his troops, 132

Persia, Shah of, 229, 266

Petley, Capt. Lieut. John, 28

Pewsey, 229

Philipstown, 172

Pike, Gen., 181

Pitt, his management of affairs, 3

Plattsburgh, 178, 179, 188, 189, 195; expedition against, 211-213

Plymouth, 11, 171

Pohlman, 142

Point aux Pins, 196

Pondicherry, 51, 80; capitulates, 100

Ponies, Arab, 313-317; casualties, 317, 318

Poodicherim Pass, 94

Poona, 125, 129, 131

Poonamallee, 51, 65

Poongar Ford, 73

Porter, Gen., 198

Porto Novo, 20, 72

Portsmouth, 11, 266

Potomac river, 213

Powell, Lieut. Col., 133, 134, 135, 136; Sergeant, 207, 208

Prairie du Chien, 194

Prescott, 190

Prevost, Lieut. Gen. Sir George, 177, 183, 184, 197, 209; fails to capture Sackett’s Harbour, 187; failure of his expedition against Plattsburgh, 211-213

Prinsep, Lieut. C. J., 226

Proctor, Lieut. Col., 176, 179; victory over Gen. Winchester, 180; retreats to Ancaster, 180

Purdy, Col., 189

Pyche, Rajah, 123

Quebec, 174, 217; taken, 4

Queenston, 185, 197, 199

Quiberon Bay, 4

Quintin, St, Cornet C. R., 226

Radipole, Barracks, 216

Rajoora, 149

Rajpoot, States, 126

Ranee Bednore, 117

Regis, St, 188

Rensselaar, Gen. Van., 177

Riall, Gen., 186, 197; despatch after the battle of Chippewa, 199; night march, 199; wounded, 203

Richardson, Major R., 226

Ridley, Lieut., 232

Rigby, Richard, 6

Ripley, Gen., 206

River Column, 256

Rivett-Carnac, Lieut. E. S., 226

Roberts, Capt., 176

Rochefort, 3

Rodney, 4

Romford, 172, 218

Ross, Major Gen., 213; killed, 214

Rottenburg, Major Gen. de, 183, 184

Rowley, Capt., 159

_Royal Henry_, 29

Rughonath Rao, 126

Runjeet Singh, 115

Russia, Emperor of, 230

Rycottah, 107

Sackett’s Harbour, 181, 184; failure to capture, 187; U.S. Squadron blockaded, 196, 199, 200

Sadasheo Bhow, 129

Sage, Lieut. William, 28

Said Sahib, 69

Salaberry, Lieut. Col. de, 188

Salbye, Treaty of, 32, 128

Sale, Capt., 144, 146

Salisbury, 12, 14

Salmon river, 191

Sandhurst, Lord, 222

Sandusky, 179, 180

Sandwich, 176, 180

Saone, 133

Sara, 92, 124

Saranac creek, 212

Sasseram, 133

Satara, Rajah of, 125

Satyamunglum, Fort of, 71

Savandroog, 93

Savanoor, 118, 121

Saxmundham, 15

Schlosser, Fort, 183, 201

Scindia, 126; hostilities, 129; retreats to Thalnair, 148; armistice, 149; peace signed, 153

Scott, Col., 201, 202, 203; Lieut., 232; Major, 97

Secunder Jah, 94

Secunderabad, 266

Sedaseer, 107

Sepoys, mutiny, 161-166

Seringapatam, 65, 72, 82, 95; advance on, 88, 94; siege, 109; taken, 112

Seringham, 100

Serle, Cornet, 147

St Servan, 4

Seven Years’ War, 2, 9

Shah Alum, 125

Shapoor, 120

Shawoor, 70, 74

Sheaffe, Major Gen., 178, 181

Shevtamodoo, 59, 94

Shinoor, 121, 122

Shorncliffe, 228, 266

Shropshire, 14

Shukook Pass, 257

Shumshere Bahadoor, 132, 135

Shute, Major Gen., 229

Sinkat, 240

Sirdhana, 148

Sirhetty, 119

Sirsoni, 150

Sivaji, 126

Skelly, Major, 87

Skelton, Capt., 165

Sloper, Lieut. Gen. R., 18; Commander-in-Chief in India, 54

Smelt, Lieut. Col., 210

Snake Hill, 207

Songhur, 133

Soondooti, 119, 120

Soorong, 135

Sosilay, 109

Soudan, 239

Stapleton, Capt. R. T. P., 226

Sterling, Lieut. Col., 50

Stevenson, Col., 120, 131, 133, 137; occupies Burhanpore, 149

Stewart, Col. H., 241, 244, 248, 308; wounded, 252; death, 255

Stoney Creek, 182

Strange, Sergeant, 146

Straubenzee, Lieut. Col., 50

_Streatham_, 171

Stuart, Major Gen., 25 _note_, 36, 39; his position, 40; charges against, 42; dismissal, 43; arrest, 44; shipped off to England, 49; colonelcy of H.M.’s 31st, 57

Stuart, Lieut. Gen., 107, 109; Col., 71, 77, 97

Suakin, 240, 244, 260

Sudbury, 15

Suez Canal, 235

Suffren, 20, 31

Surat, 133

Surjee Anjengaum, 153

Sutherland, 75

Sutlej, 127

Sutton Park, 24

Swift, Gen., 200

_Sybelle_, 174

Syringhi, 121

Table Bay, 171

Tamai, 263; battle of, 244

Tani, 260

Tapoor Pass, 79

Tapti, 133

Taylor, Lieut. Col., G.C.B., 226, 236

Tecumseh, slain, 180

Tel-el-Kebir, 237

Tel-el-Mahuta, 235, 236

Thalnair, 148

Thames, Battle of the, 180

Thomas, Capt. J., 24, 28

Thomas, 115

Thomé, San, 33, 37

_Thorn’s Memoir of the War in India_, extracts from, 105, 153

Tiaghur, 79

Ticonderago, 4, 64, _note_

Tilbury, 171, 218

Tippoo, Sahib of Mysore, 35; treaty of peace, 36; war with, 66; advance, 72; march on Trichinopoly, 78; loss at Seringapatam, 96; surrenders, 98; animosity against the English, 102; various embassies, 102; killed, 112

Tofrik, 262

Toka, 137

Tokar, 240, 244

Tonk, State of, 115

Toombadra river, 117, 121

Toronto, 179, 183

Tour, M. le Maitre de la, on the English troops in India, 21

Travancore, Rajah of, 67

Trichinopoly, 67, 69, 79, 100

Trincomalee captured, 31

Trinkitat, 241, 244

Trinomalli, 80

Tryon, Major Gen., 15

Tucker, Lieut. Col., 200

Tullamore, 172

Twelve Mile Creek, 200

United States declare war against England, 173; plan of invading Canada, 175, 179, 193

Uxbridge, Lord, 216

Vandeleur, Major Gen. Sir J. O., 113, 167, 216, 231

Vaniembadi, 78

Velladi, 70, 74

Vellore, 36, 65, 104, 106; mutiny at, 160-166

Vellout, 80, 81

Venkitagheri, 87

Vincent, St, Capt. Lord., 232; Major Gen., 181, 184

Wadsworth, Gen., 178

Wady Haifa, 247, 263

Walkee, 131, 133

Wallace, Lieut. Col. W., 157

Wallajabad, 59, 67, 100, 104

Walton, Lieut. William, 24, 28

Warley, 11

Waroor, 139

Warrants, Royal, 6-8, 11, 13, 15-17, 23, 25-27

Washington, 213

Watteville, de, 184

Webster, Lieut. Col. A. G., 226, 236, 240, 241, 243, 308

Wellesley, Col. the Hon. A., 103, 106; expedition against Dhoondia Wao, 117; Scindia, 131; distribution of troops, 132; captures Ahmednugger, 136; battle of Assaye, 138-144; of Argaum, 150-152; march against banditti, 154

Wellington, Field Marshal the Duke of, 106, _note_

Wellington, Fort, 190

Werdah river, 118

Whitehill, Mr, 39

Wilkinson, Gen., 188, 190, 195

William Henry, Fort, taken, 3

_William Pitt_, 171

Williams, Cornet George, 28

Willis, Lieut. Gen., 236

Wilson, Nathan, Capt., 144, 146, 163, 164; Lieut. Col. Sir R., 157; Col. Sir C., 252, 254; _From Korti to Khartoum_, 253

Winchester, Gen., 179; taken prisoner, 180

Winder, Gen., 182, 213

Windsor, 229

Wolfe, 4

Wolseley, Lieut. Gen. Sir G., 234, 248, 312

Wood, Lieut. Col., 241

Woodbridge, 15

Woodhouse, Lieut., 165

Woodington, Lieut. Col., 134

Worseley, Lieut., 195

Yarmouth, 15

Yeo, Sir James, 182

Yepalpurri, 121, 122

Yorke, Major Gen. John, 229, 266

Yorktown, 20

Young, Lieut., 144, 165

Zeman Shah, 102, 104

Zobehr Pasha, 246

Printed at

The Edinburgh Press

9 & 11 Young Street

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Charles, 6th Earl of Drogheda, Governor of Meath, and Lieutenant Colonel of the 1st Irish Horse.

[2] Annual Register, 1779.

[3] The 23rd Light Dragoons.

[4] The commissions of Sir Hector Munro, General Stuart, and Sir John Burgoyne were afterwards antedated to 9th May 1777, to ensure the succession of one of them to the command of the troops in India next to Sir Eyre Coote.

[5] 101st and 102nd.

[6] Madras Govt. Dispatch to Court of Directors 31st Oct. 1782.

[7] This was the reason given by the Madras Council. According to another account, the rice was not landed, because the Governor, Lord Macartney, had laid an embargo on it, and would neither give an adequate price for it, nor suffer it to be landed for sale to the people.

[8] _Annual Register._

[9] Portuguese half castes and native Christians.

[10] “We conceive that there is a slight transition from refusal to employ the King’s troops upon a requisition by the Civil Government, to the employing them without a requisition, and we submit to you to what uses such an authority might be applied, and where the consequences might end.”--_Letter to Court of Directors, December 1782._

[11] _13th August 1783._

[12] The power of ordering Courts Martial for the trial of officers and soldiers, both in the service of the King and those acting under the Company, was vested in the Commander in Chief of His Majesty’s forces for the time being.

[13] Twelve of the ringleaders were selected for execution. Eleven of them were blown away from guns: the twelfth was pardoned after the gun had missed fire three times. This was the recognised mode of execution in India for military mutiny, and the Company’s European troops were equally liable to this punishment.

[14] 135 horses died or were cast between 1st June 1783 and 10th May 1785.

[15] Soon after his arrival in England he received a challenge from General Stuart, by whom he was wounded in a duel, fought near Kensington, 8th June 1786. A letter from Sir John Burgoyne, written whilst under arrest, shows his intention of calling Lord Macartney to account in a similar way.

[16] This would seem to show that Lang, like Stuart, also held a half-pay commission from the King.

[17] _Calcutta Gazette. 18th August 1785._

[18] Narrative of the Military operations on the Coromandel Coast. _Innes Munro._ 1789.

[19] _Lieut. Colonel Floyd, private letter, 18th April 1786._

[20] _Military equitation, or a Method of Breaking Horses, and Teaching Soldiers to ride, by Henry, Earl of Pembroke._

[21] _See_ page 15.

[22] In the same order the 73rd Highland Regiment was re-numbered the 71st, and the 78th was re-numbered the 72nd.

[23] Brother of Lord Howe, who was killed at Ticonderago, and of the famous Admiral. He succeeded as 5th Viscount Howe in 1799, and died in July 1814.

[24] _Lieut. Colonel Floyd, private letter, 14th January 1790._

[25] Younger brother of the famous Sir Ralph Abercromby.

[26] Afterwards Lieut. General Sir James Affleck, Colonel of the 16th Light Dragoons: died 1833.

[27] The fortified town as distinguished from the fort.

[28] _Dirom._

[29] _Wilks._

[30] _Dirom._

[31] _Dirom._

[32] _Dirom._

[33] One of these is now the property of the Junior United Service Club.

[34] Among the Europeans in the Nizam’s service was one Captain Finglass, who had formerly been a Quarter Master in the 19th Light Dragoons. He commanded a corps, and, in company with another corps commander, an American named Boyd, made known his determination to uphold the Company’s authority against French intrigues. Some time after the disarmament of the Nizam’s troops he was reinstated in his position in the Nizam’s service.

[35] In November 1802 the number of gun lascars was reduced to 1 First Tindal and 10 men for each European Regiment.

[36] _Thorn._

[37] Afterwards Field Marshal the Duke of Wellington.

[38] Not the officer of the same name who was formerly Commander-in-Chief in Madras.

[39] _Lord Combermere’s correspondence._

[40] _Wilks’s Mysore._

[41] “Time and the number of guns formed the principle of our signals; for example, three guns at half-past seven denoted a position two marches from Seringapatam: two guns at eight might have denoted any other communication. And in this manner may detachments or armies on some occasions communicate intelligence, which, by messenger, might be impracticable. To ascertain that the signal of the Bombay army was understood, it was agreed to fire the same number of guns, in our camp ten minutes afterwards.”--_Beatson’s Mysore War._ General Floyd’s signal to establish communication with General Stuart on the 8th was two guns fired precisely at four o’clock; and, a little afterwards, four guns at intervals of a minute each. In about half an hour afterwards the same signal was repeated.--_Memoirs of a Field Officer._

[42] _Wellesley correspondence._

[43] The rest of the army did not reach Poona till the 23rd.

[44] According to the order of march observed, the advanced guard was composed of one half company from each Infantry Regiment, forming the picquets coming on duty, under the Field Officer of the day. In the same way, the rearguard was formed of the picquets coming off duty.

[45] _Grant Duff’s History of the Mahrattas._

[46] _Life of Mountstuart Elphinstone._

[47] _History of the Madras Army._ The number of guns captured at Assaye is generally stated as 98. This apparently does not include some guns abandoned by the enemy between the field of battle and the Ajunta Pass, which fell into the hands of Stevenson’s corps.

[48] _M.S. note in India Office Library._

[49] _M.S. note in India Office Library._

[50] _Grant Duff’s Mahrattas._

[51] _Court of Directors’ Letter, 3rd July 1805._

[52] _Milne’s Standards and Colours of the British Army._

[53] _Twelve years of military adventure._

[54] _Thorn’s Memoir of the War in India._

[55] The force would appear a very large one to deal with a band of freebooters, but according to one who was present they numbered upwards of 50,000 men. Though this was probably an exaggeration, it suffices to show that they were very numerous.

[56] “Nothing would appear to be more trivial to the public interests than the length of the hair on the upper lip of a sepoy, yet to the individual himself, the shape and fashion of the whisker is a badge of his caste, and an article of his religion.”--_Report of Special Commission on mutiny at Vellore._

[57] _Quebec Mercury_, 18th May 1813.

[58] He had been created a Knight of the Bath for his victory at Detroit.

[59] The present town of Toronto was known as York in 1813.

[60] _Lundy’s Lane Hist. Society._

[61] Afterwards Sir Gordon Drummond, K.C.B.

[62] _Lundy’s Lane Historical Society._

[63] _Lundy’s Lane Historical Society._

[64] L.L.H.S.

[65] The force actually engaged on the British side consisted only of a single Division of 1500 men and a Naval rocket battery. Ross attacked without waiting for his Rear Division and the rest of the Naval Brigade.

[66] _See_ page 167.

[67] Horse Guards order, dated 28th October 1817.

[68] It is not quite certain whether the guidons were new ones given to the Regiment in 1808, or the old ones with the badges embroidered on them in that year.

[69] _Standards and Colours of the Army_, by S. M. Milne. I am mainly indebted to Mr Milne for the drawings from which the accompanying Plate was prepared.

[70] The force was mainly composed of the men who had fought against us under Arabi. They could hardly have been expected to fight well.

[71] G.O. by Sir G. Graham.

[72] Sir Charles Wilson, in _From Korti to Khartoum_.

[73] Number of regiment changed to the Eighteenth in this year.

[74] Number of the regiment changed in this year to the Nineteenth.

TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE

Some placenames have been adjusted to be consistent within the book. Some have been left unchanged even when they are probably incorrect, for example ‘Ticonderago’ and ‘Chumbul’.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

In Appendix A which has tables of the officer lists for most years from 1760 to 1899, lists for the years 1764 to 1778, 1822 to 1858 and 1862 were absent from the original book.

The { and } bracketing has been removed from the tables in the Appendices, and from the tables on pages 14, 28 and 226, in order to save table space and make the etext more readable. In the tables of Appendix A, sometimes a space has been removed to fit a name or title in a cell; for example, ‘_Asst. Surgeon_’ has been changed to ‘_Asst.Surgeon_’.

Except for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained: for example, overtaxed, over-taxed; reinforcements, re-inforcements; aweful; feudatory; necessaries; signalised; chesnut.

Pg 66: ‘up acccording to’ replaced by ‘up according to’. Pg 97: ‘Abercomby joined’ replaced by ‘Abercromby joined’. Pg 144 Footnote 46: ‘Life of Mounstuart’ replaced by ‘Life of Mountstuart’. Pg 163: ‘hastily gallopping’ replaced by ‘hastily galloping’. Pg 177: ‘Sir George Prevot,’ replaced by ‘Sir George Prevost,’. Pg 194: ‘on the Mississipi,’ replaced by ‘on the Mississippi,’. Pg 215: ‘Mississipi which’ replaced by ‘Mississippi which’. Pg 227: ‘battles of Meanee’ replaced by ‘battles of Meeanee’. Pg 230: ‘Abor Hill’ replaced by ‘Arbour Hill’. Pg 236: ‘at Mahsama without’ replaced by ‘at Mahsamah without’.

Index: ‘Jaffrabad,’ replaced by ‘Jaffirabad,’. Index: ‘Mahsama,’ replaced by ‘Mahsamah,’. Index: ‘M‘Arthur,’ replaced by ‘McArthur,’. Index: ‘M‘Clure,’ replaced by ‘McClure,’. Index: ‘M‘Douall,’ replaced by ‘McDouall,’.