Chapter III

).

[193] _Vana Parva_ section of the _Mahábhárata_ (Roy's trans.), p. 818 _et seq._, and _Indian Myth and Legend_, p. 413.

[194] _The Koran_ (with notes from approved commentators), trans. by George Sale, P-246, _n_.

[195] _The Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great_, E. Wallis Budge (London, 1896), pp. 277-8, 474-5.

[196] Campbell's _West Highland Tales_, vol. iii, pp. 251-4 (1892 ed.).

[197] _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, A. Wiedemann, p. 141.

[198] _Adi Parva_ section of the _Mahàbhàrata_ (Hymn to Garuda), Roy's trans., p. 88, 89.

[199] Herodian, iv, 2.

[200] The image made by Nebuchadnezzar is of interest in this connection. He decreed that "whoso falleth not down and worshippeth" should be burned in the "fiery furnace". The Hebrews, Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego, were accordingly thrown into the fire, but were delivered by God. _Daniel_, iii, 1-30.

[201] The Assyrian and Phoenician Hercules is discussed by Raoul Rochette in _Mémoires de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres_ (Paris, 1848), pp. 178 et seq.

[202] G. Sale's _Koran_, p. 246, n.

[203] In the Eddic poem "Lokasenna" the god Byggvir (Barley) is addressed by Loki, "Silence, Barleycorn!" _The Elder Edda_, translation by Olive Bray, pp. 262, 263.

[204] _De Nat. Animal_., xii, 21, ed. Didot, p. 210, quoted by Professor Budge in _The Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great_, p. 278, n.

[205] _Isaiah_, lvii, 4 and 5.

[206] _The Golden Bough (Adonis, Attis, Osiris_ vol.), "The Gardens of Adonis", pp. 194 _et seq._ (3rd ed.).

[207] _Daniel_, iv, 33. It is possible that Nebuchadnezzar, as the human representative of the god of corn and fertility, imitated the god by living a time in the wilds like Ea-bani.

[208] Pronounce _ch_ guttural.

[209] On a cylinder seal the heroes each wrestle with a bull.

[210] Alexander the Great in the course of his mythical travels reached a mountain at the world-end. "Its peak reached to the first heaven and its base to the seventh earth."--_Budge_.

[211] Jastrow's trans., _Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria_, p. 374.

[212] _Development of Religion and Thought in Ancient Egypt_ (1912), J.H. Breasted, pp. 183-5.

[213] _Ecclesiastes_, ix, 7-9.

[214] Ibid., xii, 13.

[215] Perhaps brooding and undergoing penance like an Indian Rishi with purpose to obtain spiritual power.

[216] Probably to perform the ceremony of pouring out a libation.

[217] _Saxo_, iii, 71.

[218] Ibid., viii, 291.

[219] _The Elder Edda_, O. Bray, pp. 157 et seq. See also _Teutonic Myth and Legend_.

[220] _The Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great_, E. Wallis Budge, pp. xl et seq., 167 et seq.

[221] _The Koran_, trans, by G. Sale, pp. 222, 223 (chap. xviii).

[222] _Vana Parva_ section of the _Mahàbhàrata_ (Roy's trans.), pp. 435-60, and _Indian Myth and Legend_, pp. 105-9.

[223] _Vana Parva_ section of the _Mahàbhàrata_ (Roy's translation), pp. 832, 833.

[224] Ea addresses the hut in which his human favourite, Pir-napishtim, slept. His message was conveyed to this man in a dream.

[225] The second sentence of Ea's speech is conjectural, as the lines are mutilated.

[226] _The Muses' Pageant_, W.M.L. Hutchinson, pp. 5 _et seq._

[227] _Indian Myth and Legend_, pp. 107 _et seq._

[228] _Vana Parva_ section of the _Mahábhárata_ (Roy's trans.), p. 425.

[229] _Indian Myth and Legend_, p. 141.

[230] _Book of Leinster_, and Keating's _History of Ireland_, p. 150 (1811 ed.).

[231] _Religion of the Ancient Egyptians_, A. Wiedemann, pp. 58 _et seq._

[232] Pinches' _The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria_, p. 42.

[233] The problems involved are discussed from different points of view by Mr. L.W. King in _Babylonian Religion_ (Books on Egypt and Chaldaea, vol. iv), Professor Pinches in _The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia,_ and other vols.

[234] _Primitive Constellations_, vol. i, pp. 334-5.

[235] _Indian Myth and Legend_, chap. iii.

[236] Professor Macdonell's translation.

[237] _Indian Wisdom_.

[238] "Varuna, the deity bearing the noose as his weapon", _Sabha Parva_ section of the _Mahábhárata_ (Roy's trans.), p. 29.

[239] _Indian Myth and Legend_, pp. 38-42.

[240] _Early Religious Poetry of Persia_, J.H. Moulton, pp. 41 _et seq._ and 154 _et seq._

[241] _The Elder Edda_, O. Bray, p. 55.

[242] _The Elder Edda_, O. Bray, pp. 291 _et seq._

[243] _Celtic Myth and Legend_, pp. 133 _et seq._

[244] Tennyson's _The Passing of Arthur_.

[245] _Job_, x, 1-22.

[246] _The Elder Edda_, O. Bray, pp. 150-1.

[247] _Indian Myth and Legend_, p. 326.

[248] _The Religion of Ancient Rome_, Cyril Bailey, p. 50.

[249] _The Life and Exploits of Alexander the Great (Ethiopic version of the Pseudo Callisthenes)_, pp. 133-4. The conversation possibly never took place, but it is of interest in so far as it reflects beliefs which were familiar to the author of this ancient work. His Brahmans evidently believed that immortality was denied to ordinary men, and reserved only for the king, who was the representative of the deity, of course.

[250] _Aspects of Religious Belief and Practice in Babylonia and Assyria_, Morris Jastrow, pp. 358-9.

[251] The _Mahàbhàrata_ (_Sabha Parva_ section), Roy's translation, pp. 25-7.

[252] _A History of Sumer and Akkad_, L.W. King, pp. 181-2.

[253] _Genesis_, xxxv, 2-4.

[254] _The Religion of Ancient Egypt_, W.M. Flinders Petrie, p. 72.

[255] _Sabha Parva_ section of the _Mahàbhàrata_ (Roy's trans.), p. 29.

[256] _Egyptian Myth and Legend_, p. 214.

[257] Canto iv:--

[258] _1 Samuel_, xxiii, 9-11.

[259] _1 Kings_, xix, 19 and _2 Kings_, ii, 13-15.

[260] _The Burial Customs of Ancient Egypt_, John Garstang, pp. 28, 29 (London, 1907).

[261] _Herod._, book i, 198.

[262] _Records of the Past_ (old series), xi, pp. 109 et seq., and (new series), vol. i, pp. 149 et seq.

[263] L.W. King's _The Seven Tablets of Creation_.

[264] _Herodotus_, book i, 179 (Rawlinson's translation).

[265] _Isaiah_, xlv, 1, 2.

[266] _Herodotus_, book i, 181-3 (Rawlinson's translation).

[267] _History of Sumer and Akkad_, L.W. King, p. 37.

[268] _Herodotus_, book i, 196 (Rawlinson's translation).

[269] _Home Life of the Highlanders_ (Dr. Cameron Gillies on _Medical Knowledge_,) pp. 85 _et seq._ Glasgow, 1911.

[270] Translations by R.C. Thompson in _The Devils and Spirits of Babylon_, vol. i, pp. lxiii _et seq._

[271] Bridges which lead to graveyards.

[272] _Genesis_, xii and xiii.

[273] _Genesis_, xiv, 13.

[274] _Ibid_., xxiii.

[275] _Ezekiel_, xvi, 3.

[276] _Genesis_, xiv, 1-4.

[277] _Ibid_., 5-24.

[278] _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts, and Letters_, C.H.W. Johns, pp. 392 _et seq._

[279] Translation by Johns in _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts, and Letters_, pp. 390 _et seq._

[280] _Matthew_, ix, 37.

[281] Johns's _Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, &c._, pp. 371-2.

[282] _The Land of the Hittites_, John Garstang, pp. 312 _et seq._ and 315 _et seq._

[283] _The Ancient Egyptian_, pp. 106 _et seq._

[284] _The Ancient Egyptians_, p. 130.

[285] _Struggle of the Nations_ (1896), p. 19.

[286] Note contributed to _The Land of the Hittites_, J. Garstang, p. 324.

[287] _Genesis_, xxvi, 34, 35.

[288] _Ezekiel_, xvi, 45.

[289] _Genesis_, xxvii, 46.

[290] _Genesis_, xxviii, 1, 2.

[291] _Genesis_, xxiv.

[292] _The Syrian Goddess_, John Garstang (London, 1913), pp. 17-8.

[293] _Vedic Index of Names and Subjects_, Macdonald & Keith, vol. i, pp. 64-5 (London, 1912).

[294] _The Wanderings of Peoples_, p. 21.

[295] Breasted's _History of Egypt_, pp. 219-20.

[296] _A History of Egypt_, W.M. Flinders Petrie, vol. ii, p. 146 _et seq._ (1904 ed.).

[297] _A History of Egypt_, W.M. Flinders Petrie, vol. ii, p. 147 (1904 ed.).

[298] _The Old Testament in the Light of the Historical Records and Legends of Assyria and Babylonia,_ pp. 126 _et seq._

[299] His connection with Anu is discussed in