Chapter 1 of 54 · 744 words · ~4 min read

CHAPTER I

. BY- AND AFTER-CURRENTS OF THE ROMANTIC MOVEMENT 1

Introductory; the term 'modern'--The 'old-romantic' tradition and the 'New German' school--The followers of Mendelssohn: Lachner, F. Hiller, Rietz, etc.; Carl Reinecke--Disciples of Schumann: Robert Volkmann; Bargiel, Kirchner and others; the Berlin circle; the musical genre artists: Henselt, Heller, etc. (pianoforte); Jensen, Lassen, Abt, etc. (song)--The comic opera and operetta: Lortzing, Johann Strauss, etc.--French eclecticism in symphonic and operatic composition: Massenet--Saint-Saëns, Lalo, Godard, etc.

II. THE RUSSIAN ROMANTICISTS 37

Romantic Nationalism in Russian Music--Pathfinders; Cavos and Verstovsky--Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka; Alexander Sergeyevitch Dargomijsky--Neo-Romanticism in Russian music; Anton Rubinstein--Peter Ilyitch Tschaikowsky.

III. THE MUSIC OF MODERN SCANDINAVIA 59

The rise of national schools in the nineteenth century--Growth of national expression in Scandinavian lands--Music in modern Denmark--Sweden and her music--The Norwegian composers; Edvard Grieg--Sinding and other Norwegians--The Finnish Renaissance: Sibelius and others.

IV. THE RUSSIAN NATIONALISTS 107

The founders of the 'Neo-Russian' nationalistic school: Balakireff; Borodine--Moussorgsky--Rimsky-Korsakoff, his life and works--César Cui and other nationalists, Napravnik, and others.

V. THE MUSIC OF CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA 137

The border nationalists; Alexander Glazounoff, Liadoff, Liapounoff, etc.--The renaissance of Russian church music; Kastalsky and Gretchaninoff--The new eclectics: Arensky, Taneieff, Ippolitoff-Ivanoff, Glière, Rachmaninoff and others--Scriabine and the radical foreign influence; Igor Stravinsky.

VI. MUSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN BOHEMIA AND HUNGARY 165

Characteristics of Czech music; Friedrich Smetana--Antonin Dvořák--Zdenko Fibich and others; Joseph Suk and Vitešlav Novák--Historical sketch of musical endeavor in Hungary--Ödön Mihálovich, Count Zichy and Jenö Hubay--Dohnányi and Moór; 'Young Hungary': Weiner, Béla Bartók and others.

VII. THE POST-CLASSICAL AND POETIC SCHOOLS OF MODERN GERMANY 201

The post-Beethovenian tendencies in the music of Germany and their present-day significance; the problem of modern symphonic form--The academic followers of Brahms: Bruch and others--The modern 'poetic' school: Richard Strauss as symphonic composer--Anton Bruckner, his life and works--Gustav Mahler--Max Reger--Draeseke and others.

VIII. GERMAN OPERA AFTER WAGNER AND MODERN GERMAN SONG 238

The Wagnerian after-current: Cyrill Kistler; August Bungert, Goldmark, etc.; Max Schillings, Eugen d'Albert--The successful post-Wagnerians in the lighter genre: Götz, Cornelius and Wolf; Engelbert Humperdinck and fairy opera; Ludwig Thuille; Hans Pfitzner; the _Volksoper_--Richard Strauss as musical dramatist--Hugo Wolf and the modern song; other contemporary German lyricists--The younger men: Klose, Hausegger, Schönberg, Korngold.

IX. THE FOLLOWERS OF CÉSAR FRANCK 277

The foundations of modern French nationalism: Berlioz; the operatic masters: Saint-Saëns, Lalo, Franck, etc.; conditions favoring native art development--The pioneers of ultra-modernism: Emanuel Chabrier and Gabriel Fauré--Vincent d'Indy: his instrumental and his dramatic works--Other pupils of Franck: Ernest Chausson; Henri Duparc; Alexis de Castillon; Guy Ropartz.

X. DEBUSSY AND THE ULTRA-MODERNISTS 317

Impressionism in Music--Claude Debussy, the pioneer of the 'atmospheric' school; his career, his works and his influence--Maurice Ravel, his life and work--Alfred Bruneau; Gustave Charpentier--Paul Dukas--Miscellany; Albert Roussel and Florent Schmitt.

XI. THE OPERATIC SEQUEL TO VERDI 366

The musical traditions of modern Italy--Verdi's heirs: Boito, Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Puccini, Wolf-Ferrari, Franchetti, Giordano, Orefice, Mancinelli--New paths; Montemezzi, Zandonai and de Sabbata.

XII. THE RENAISSANCE OF INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC IN ITALY 385

Martucci and Sgambati--The symphonic composers: Zandonai, de Sabbata, Alfano, Marinuzzi, Sinigaglia, Mancinelli, Floridia; the piano and violin composers: Franco da Venezia, Paolo Frontini, Mario Tarenghi; Rosario Scalero, Leone Sinigaglia; composers for the organ--The song writers: art songs; ballads.

XIII. THE ENGLISH MUSICAL RENAISSANCE 409

Social considerations; analogy between English and American conditions--The German influence and its results: Sterndale Bennett and others; the first group of independents: Sullivan, Mackenzie, Parry, Goring Thomas, Cowen, Stanford and Elgar--The second group: Delius and Bantock; McCunn and German; Smyth, Davies, Wallace and others, D. F. Tovey; musico-literary workers, musical comedy writers--The third group: Vaughan Williams, Coleridge-Taylor and W. Y. Hurlstone; Holbrooke, Grainger, Scott, etc.; Frank Bridge and others; organ music, chamber music, songs.

LITERATURE FOR VOLS. I, II AND III 445

INDEX FOR VOLS. I, II AND III 491

ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME THREE

The Garden Concert; painting by Watteau (in colors) _Frontispiece_

FACING PAGE

French Eclectics (Lalo, Massenet, Saint-Saëns, Godard) 30

Russian Romanticists (Glinka, Dargomijsky, Rubinstein, Tschaikowsky) 48

Edvard Grieg 90

Jean Sibelius 104

Neo-Russian Composers (Moussorgsky, Balakireff, Borodine, Rimsky-Korsakoff) 122

Contemporary Russian Composers (Rachmaninoff, Glazounoff, Rebikoff, Glière) 150

Bohemian Composers (Smetana, Dvořák, Fibich, Suk) 178

Hungarian Composers (Count Zichy, Jenö Hubay, Dohnányi, Moór) 192

Modern German Symphonic and Lyric Composers (Mahler, Bruckner, Draeseke, Wolf) 202

Richard Strauss 214

Max Reger 226

Modern German Musical Dramatists (Humperdinck, Thuille, Pfitzner, Goldmark) 246

Modern French Composers (Chabrier, d'Indy, Charpentier, Ravel) 298

Claude Debussy 334

Contemporary Italian Composers (Mascagni, Wolf-Ferrari, Puccini, Zandonai) 372

Modern British Composers (Bantock, Sullivan, Parry, Elgar) 424

MODERN MUSIC

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