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'Enoch_); in 1892, and subsequently by Lods, Dillmann, Charles (_Book of Enoch_, 318 sqq.), Swete, and finally by Radermacher and Charles (_Ethiopic Text_, 3-75). In addition to these fragments there is that of lxxxix. 42-49 (see Gildemeister in the _ZDMG_, 1855, pp. 621-624, and Charles, _Ethiopic Text_, pp. 175-177). Of the Latin version only i. 9 survives, being preserved in the Pseudo-Cyprian's _Ad Novatianum_, and cvi. 1-18 discovered by James in an 8th-century MS. of the British Museum (see James, _Apoc. anecdota_, 146-150; Charles, _op. cit._ 219-222). This version is made from the Greek.

The Ethiopic version, which alone preserves the entire text, is a very faithful translation of the Greek. Twenty-eight MSS. of this version are in the different libraries of Europe, of which fifteen are to be found in England. This version was made from an ancestor of the Greek fragment discovered at Giza. Some of the utterly unintelligible passages in this fragment are literally reproduced in the Ethiopic. The same wrong order of the text in vii.-viii. is common to both. In order to recover the original text, it is from time to time necessary to retranslate the Ethiopic into Greek, and the latter in turn into Aramaic or Hebrew. By this means we are able to detect dittographies in the Greek and variants in the original Semitic. The original was written to a large extent in verse. The discovery of this fact is most helpful in the criticism of the text. This version was first edited by Laurence in 1838 from one MS., in 1851 by Dillmann from five, in 1902 by Flemming from fifteen MSS., and in 1906 by the present writer from twenty-three.

_Translations and Commentaries._--Laurence, _The Book of Enoch_ (Oxford, 1821); Dillmann, _Das Buch Henoch_ (1853); Schodde, _The Book of Enoch_ (1882); Charles, _The Book of Enoch_ (1893); Beer, "Das Buch Henoch," in Kautzsch's _Apok. u. Pseud. des A.T._ (1900), ii. 217-310; Flemming and Radermacher, _Das Buch Henoch_ (1901); Martin, _Le