Chapter 15 of 15 · 9770 words · ~49 min read

Chapter VIII

the author reviews the settlements of the Dutch in South-Africa, the British occupation of the Cape, the conflict of the British and the Dutch, the rise of the Boer Republic, and the Kaffir wars. In keeping with so many writers who endorse almost anything which Europeans do, this author finds some justification for the intrusion of the Europeans in Africa. The cruel oppression visited upon the natives as a result of this conquest does not cause the author any grief. In the same way, he discusses the conquest and settlements of France and Great Britain in West-Africa, their dependencies, and methods of development. Treating the late campaigns in Africa, the author makes an effort to bring this information up to date as far as possible, trying to account for the territorial settlement in that continent as shown by the reconstructed map of Africa. The book closes with a discussion of such African problems as the elimination of Germany from Africa, the plurality of powers in Africa as an advantage to the Africans in bringing about mutual checks, and the effect of the World War upon the relation between whites and blacks.

* * * * *

_A Boy's Life of Booker T. Washington._ By W. C. Jackson, Vice President of the North Carolina College for Women, and Professor of History, Greensboro. (New York, The Macmillan Company, 1922. Pp. 147.)

The author does not pretend to add anything new to what is generally known about Booker T. Washington, or to what may be found in such works as _Up from Slavery_, _My Larger Education_, and _Booker T. Washington: Builder of a Civilization_. The aim is to tell this story in such simple language as to make it comprehensible for children. The author hopes that by reading this book some of them may be inspired to higher ambition and encouraged to nobler effort. While the reader may not agree with all of the observations made by the author, he must commend this effort to popularize the record of the distinguished citizen who by his achievement demonstrated that the race has within it the possibilities of other groups. This effort, then, has an important bearing on the dissemination of information concerning the Negro and on the preservation of the records of the race.

The details of the life of the subject of the sketch are omitted except that the interesting beginnings of Booker T. Washington as a boy, and his rise through poverty and ignorance to a position of leadership, are given with some degree of thoroughness. The author endeavors to impress upon the youth the bravery, courage, backbone, energy, fair-mindedness, honesty, wisdom, intelligence, judgment, modesty, patriotism, will power, self control, and love of humanity of Booker T. Washington. To do this, each important trait in the man is portrayed by reference to some achievement which served as a striking example of his character. In this way, the author draws upon his planning for an education, school days at Hampton, beginning life in the outside world, first efforts at teaching, the beginning of Tuskegee, early hardships, struggles to raise money, speech-making, leadership, political experiences, and travels abroad.

The book is well printed and neatly bound. It is also adequately illustrated so as to concentrate the attention of the youth on certain important achievements and events in the life of Washington. Among these illustrations appear the monument recently unveiled at Tuskegee, which constitutes the frontispiece of the book. Then follow various illustrations of the many activities of the institution. While there is not given a general view of the whole school, the various groups given will impress the reader with the magnitude of the work undertaken at Tuskegee. The cuts of Washington and his family show the home life of the man.

NOTES

Mr. A. A. Taylor, who during the last fiscal year devoted a part of his time to research under the direction of the Association, has been permanently employed as an Associate Investigator of the Association to make researches into Negro Reconstruction History. Mr. Taylor is an alumnus of the University of Michigan. He has recently done graduate work under Professors Abbott, Usher, Turner, Merk, and Channing at Harvard, where he obtained the degree of Master of Arts.

Miss Irene A. Wright, who has been employed by the Association to copy certain documents in the Archives of the Indies, Seville, Spain, reports that in the near future she will offer for publication in these columns interesting and valuable data giving the history of the Mose Settlement of Negroes in Florida.

Mr. Albert Parry, the contributor of the article in this number entitled "Hannibal, the Favorite of Peter the Great," is a former resident of Russia. He has been studying in this country two years.

* * * * *

The various aspects of German colonization in East Africa and the rôle played by that portion of this continent in the World War are treated in _Kumbuke; Erlebnisse eines Arztes in Deutsch Ostafrika_ (Berlin, Dom-Verlag, 1922, pp. 502), by August Hauer.

_Études sur l'Islam en Côte d'Ivoire_ (Paris, Leroux, 1922, pp. 502) by Paul Marty, _Au Congo: Souvenirs de la Mission Marchand_ (Paris, Fayard, 1921) by General Baratier, and _Une Étape de la Conquête de l'Afrique Équatoriale Française_ (Paris, Fournier, 1922, pp. 260) by the Ministry of War of France, cover altogether in a general way French colonization in Western and Central Africa.

The Associated Publishers will soon publish a work entitled _Negro Poets and Their Poems_ by Robert T. Kerlin, Professor of English of the State Normal School, West Chester, Pennsylvania, former Professor of English at the Virginia Military Institute. This work will be an illustrated textbook for schools and will at the same time serve as a volume of general information on contemporary Negro poetry.

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR

The fiscal year which ended June 30, 1923, was the most prosperous in the history of the Association. The efforts of the staff were directed toward carrying out the purposes for which the Association was organized, namely, to collect historical data and to promote studies bearing on the Negro. To attain these objectives the Director had to perform the two important tasks of soliciting funds to finance the Association and then to use the same in the employment of assistants to investigate the various aspects of Negro life and history.

Funds have been received and disbursed as follows:

COMPLETE FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF ALL DEPARTMENTS OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR THE STUDY OF NEGRO LIFE AND HISTORY[A]

_July 1, 1922-June 30, 1923_

_Receipts_

Research Fund $5,000.00 Interest on Reserve 78.77 Subscriptions 1,798.91 Memberships 321.10 Contributions 6,727.99 Advertisements 264.55 Refunds 57.11 Miscellaneous 107.80 Books 3.25 ---------- Total Receipts $14,359.48

Balance on hand for Research June 30, 1922 5,000.00

Balance on hand, General Expense Fund, June 30, 1922 89.46 ---------- Grand Total $19,448.94

_Disbursements_ Printing and Stationery $2,996.34 Paid for Research 4,401.62 Petty Cash (Incidentals) 900.00 Stenographic Service 1,330.01 Rent and Light 518.50 Salaries 2,733.37 Traveling Expenses 300.39 Miscellaneous 520.47 ---------- Total Disbursements $13,700.70 Balance on hand, June 30, 1923 appropriated for Printing and Research 5,677.15 Balance on Hand, General Expense Fund, June 30, 1923 71.09 ---------- Grand Total $19,448.94

Respectfully submitted, (Signed) S. W. RUTHERFORD, Secretary-Treasurer.

VARIOUS INTERESTS

The Director, who is editor of the JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY as well as the executive of the Association, has devoted some of his time to administrative duties, which, with the expansion of the work, are rapidly multiplying. It has been possible, however, to give much stimulus to all phases of the work in spite of arduous duties. That the additional assistants now associated with the Director will relieve him of some of these tasks is indeed gratifying.

THE JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY has found its way into additional libraries and schools where it is becoming more and more to be regarded as a valuable aid in research. It is now used as such in the accredited colleges and universities of both races in the South and serves for similar purposes in centers of research in the North. A larger number of institutions abroad, moreover, are now subscribing to this publication, requiring, too, a complete file of the magazine in bound form. Briefly stated, then, while this publication has not a popular subscription list, it circulates throughout the civilized world as a library magazine of value for advanced students, investigators, and social workers.

The Director has spent some of his time in field work. Wherever there is a call to encourage a school or a club to do more for the study of Negro life and history, the Director generally responds. In this way the people of Kentucky, especially in Lexington and Louisville, were made acquainted with the purposes of the Association and induced to do something for the preservation of the local records of Negroes who have achieved well. Enterprising citizens of Lexington have organized for this purpose.

At Nashville, the Director availed himself of a similar opportunity to carry the work of the Association to the thinking people of the city, speaking to them for two days in their schools and churches. The interest aroused was most encouraging and resulted in the organization of a local club to co-operate with this national organization. In addition to preserving the records of Negroes in that particular community, this group will engage in the actual study of the neglected aspects of Negro history, using the Branch Library as a center where numerous works on Negro life and history have been provided.

In Baltimore, where the Spring Conference of the Association was held, the citizens showed the same sort of interest in the work and pledged themselves to do more to save local records which are now being rapidly lost. Persons having an intelligent interest in the past of the Negro are now taking steps to organize there a Maryland Historical Society, to record and popularize the achievements of the Negroes of that commonwealth under the leadership of the teachers of history of the public schools and instructors at Morgan College.

RESEARCH

For the first time in the history of the Association its researches have taken a definite course. Up to the year just ended, the Association had the benefit of merely what investigations the Director's manifold duties permitted him to conduct, or of what others of their own will worked out in the interest of unearthing the truth. Thanks to the appropriations of the Carnegie Corporation and the Laura Spellman Rockefeller Memorial, however, the Association can now outline a definite program of investigation and systematically carry it out. For the present the staff is engaged in the study of the Free Negro prior to 1861 and Negro Reconstruction History.

With the assistance of a copyist, Mrs. C. B. Overton, the Director has been preparing a report on the Free Negro in the United States. This report will be decidedly statistical, giving the names of the persons of color who were heads of families in 1830, where they were living, how many were in each family, how many slaves each owned, and what relation these free Negroes sustained to the white people. This research covers also the statistics of absentee ownership of slaves by whites. The first volume of the report will be published within the next six months. Using it as a basis, the Director will make further investigation of the Free Negroes to determine their economic status, their social position, the attitude of the southern whites toward this class, and the opinion of the North with respect to them as citizens.

Working in this same field, but developing special aspects of this history, are Mr. George F. Dow and Miss Irene A. Wright. Mr. George F. Dow has been employed to read the 18th century colonial newspapers of New England for facts bearing on the Negro. Up to the present, however, he has been unable to finish this task and does not promise to accomplish much until next fall. Miss Irene A. Wright is now extracting from the Archives of the Indies in Seville, Spain, some valuable documents showing the part the Negroes played in the early struggle between the British and Spanish in America and especially the records of the Mose Settlement of Negroes in Florida and the achievements of the Negroes in Louisiana. Miss Wright will also copy all accessible documents of Latin-America giving accounts of Negroes in higher spheres of usefulness. The Association is endeavoring to employ an investigator to render the same sort of service in the British Museum and the Public Record Office in London.

During the year the Association has had one worker in Negro Reconstruction History. This was Mr. A. A. Taylor, an alumnus of the University of Michigan, who has recently received the degree of Master of Arts for graduate work done at Harvard University under Professors W. C. Abbott, F. J. Turner, and Edward Channing. Although he has devoted only a part of his time to this research, he has produced one valuable dissertation, _The Social Conditions and Treatment of Negroes in South Carolina, 1865-1880_. He has also made a scientific study of the social and economic conditions of the Negroes in Virginia for the same period, but has not yet completed this treatise. It is expected that it will be ready for publication within the next twelve months. Mr. Taylor will continue this work as Associate Investigator, permanently employed by the Association to devote all of his time to this effort.

The Association continues its interest in the work of training young men for scientific investigation. As far as possible it will follow its program of educating in the best graduate schools with libraries bearing on Negro Life and History, three young men supported by fellowships of $500 each from the Association and such additional stipends as the schools themselves may grant for their support. These students are assigned to different fields, one to make Anthropometric and Psychological measurements of Negroes, one to study African Anthropology and Archaeology, and one to take up history as it has been influenced by the Negro.

Closely connected with these plans, moreover, are certain other projects to preserve Negro folklore. In this effort the Association has the co-operation of Dr. Elsie Clews Parsons, the moving spirit of the American Folklore Society. She is now desirous of making a more systematic effort to embody this part of the Negro civilization and she believes that the work can be more successfully done by co-operation with the Association. As soon as the Director can obtain a special fund for this particular work, an investigator will be employed to undertake it. For the present the Association is endeavoring to stimulate interest in this field by offering a prize of $200 for the best collection of tales, riddles, proverbs, sayings, and songs, which have been heard at home by Negro students of accredited schools.

The interest in the result of these researches has become all but nation-wide. Most advanced institutions of learning now make some use of historical works on the Negro. _The Negro in Our History_ has met with the general welcome as a much desired volume giving the essential facts of Negro achievement. It has been extensively used as collateral reading and has been adopted as a text in more than a score of schools and colleges. The demand for this book is so rapidly increasing that the second edition has been almost exhausted. The third edition, which is now in preparation, will be revised and enlarged so as to give more attention to the Negro in freedom, a period of more concern to most students than that of the Negro before the Civil War.

In almost every center of considerable Negro population and in most of the large schools of the race there are clubs or classes engaged in the study of Negro life and history. Some of these were organized under the supervision of the Association and others sprang up of themselves in response to the increasing desire among Negroes to know about themselves and to publish such information to a world uninformed as to what the race has thought and felt and attempted and done. These groups thus interested in the scientific study of the Negro, moreover, are not restricted to the schools and communities controlled by this race. The Association has found little difficulty in interesting advanced students in large northern universities, and this work has extended to some of the best white schools of the South.

THE STAFF

The staff has suffered one irreparable loss in that Miss A. H. Smith, who during the last seven years has served the Association as Office Manager and Assistant to the Secretary-treasurer, has recently retired from the service. The Association is immeasurably indebted to Miss Smith for the faithful service which she has rendered the cause, and it will be difficult to fill her position. Although offered opportunities for earning a larger stipend elsewhere, she remained with the Association because of her interest in the work which it has been prosecuting. The Association wishes her well and earnestly hopes that she may be welcomed in some other field of usefulness.

Respectfully submitted, CARTER G. WOODSON, Director

1538 NINTH ST., N. W., WASHINGTON, D. C. Sept. 18, 1923

FOOTNOTES:

[A] The books of the Association have been audited by a certified public accountant who reports that the receipts have been duly deposited, that all disbursements have been made through numbered voucher checks properly approved, and that the balances given in the records of the Association agree with the balances reported by the banks.

* * * * *

INDEX

JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY

VOLUME VIII

_A Negro Pioneer in the West_, 333-335 _Abram Hannibal, the Favorite of Peter the Great_, 359-366 _Africa and the Discovery of America_, review of, 233-238 African Institution, the interest of, in colonization, 168, 169, 170, 178, 182, 200, 204, 215 African Methodist Episcopal Church, organization of, 303 African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, the organization of, 303 African slave, the status of, in the colonies, 250, 251 Alabama, the movement of Negroes to, 367, 370, 373, 379-381; Cotton culture in, 372 Allen, Philip, owner of land near Dartmouth, 155 Allen, Richard, the work of, 51; anti-colonization meeting in church of, 216 Allen, William, interest of, in African colonization, 174, 182, 186, 189, 195, 200, 201, 205, 206 Alvord, J. W., Assistant Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 American Catholic Historical Society, the prize offered by, 351 American Freedmen's Union Commission, 16 _American Magazine_, extract from, 91-92 American Missionary Association, the work of, in South Carolina, 7, 8, 15, 16, 25, 26 Anderson, Joseph, of Montreal, purchase of a slave by, 329 Anderson, Lymus, a teacher of Negroes at Port Royal, 38 André, a Negro, suit of, for freedom, 326, 327 Andrew, Governor, interest of, in Negro education, 35 _Anna Murray-Douglass--My Mother As I Recall Her_, 93-101 Antoine, C. C., sketch of, by W. O. Hart, 84-87; how he made money, 86 Arkansas, cotton culture in, 372 Arnett, Bishop B. W., the statistics of A. M. E. Church by, 310 Arnold, Thomas, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 184 Arthur, Stanley Cisby, sketch of Isaiah T. Montgomery by, 87-91 Asbury, Bishop, organizer of a mixed Sunday school, 302 Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, proceedings of the Annual Meeting of, 116-122; Spring Conference of, 353-357 Auger, Jean-Baptiste, a sale of a slave by, 322 Auguste, Tancrede, a ruler of Haiti, 138 Avery Institute, the establishment of, 19

Ba Mangwato, a native in South Africa, 288 Babcock, Colonel, effort of, to annex Santo Domingo, 145 Baganda, the morality of, 286-287, 288, 289; art of, 291 Bailly, Augustin, a vendor of a slave, 321 Baltimore, Spring Conference in, 353-357; Negroes in domestic service in, 390; interest of, in training domestic workers, 399 Baptist Home Mission Society, the work of, 26 Baptists, the efforts of, among the freedmen, 18 Barahona, a plantation in Santo Domingo, 139, 140 Barbadoes, the progress of, 249 Beaufort, South Carolina, Negro schools at, 22, 24, 26 Beauvais, reference to, 286, 289 Bell, J. W., address of, at the annual meeting, 117, 122, 123-127 Benedict, Mrs., the gift of, 26 Benefit of clergy as applied to slaves, 443-447 Bent, reference to, and quotations from, 288, 292, 293, 294 Betty, a Negro servant, one of the first Methodists, 301 Bickel, Beatrice, review of _Das Unbekannte Afrika_ by, 453-458 Bigelow, A. M., a teacher of a Negro school at Aiken, 31 _Biography, Negro_, by P. W. L. Jones, 128-133 Biron, an enemy of Abram Hannibal in Russia, 364 Bishop, Josiah, a preacher in Virginia, 51 Blaney, Mary, the owner of a slave in Montreal, 330 Blyd, Cornelius Winst, the achievements of, in Dutch Guiana, 448-453 Bond, James, participation of, in the annual meeting, 118 _Book of American Negro Poetry, The_, review of, 347-348 Booker, S. S., participation of, in the Spring Conference of the Association in Baltimore, 353 Border States, the movement of Negroes from, 367-383 Bornu, the kings of, 296; the rise of, 297 Boston Education Commission, 6 Boston, Negro servants in, 260, 261; Negroes in domestic service in, 429 Botume, Elizabeth Hyde, a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 11 Boutton, Louis Philippe, a sale of slaves by, 322 Bowles, Mrs. Emma Castleman, facts of, on the origin of Wilberforce, 335-337 Boyd, Wm. K., _Benefit of Clergy as applied to Slaves_ by, 443-447 Boyer, a ruler of Haiti, 137 _Boy's Life of Booker T. Washington, A_, review of, 463-464 Bragg, George F., _The History of the Afro-American Group of the Episcopal Church_ by, 107-109; remarks of, 355-356 Brass, a Negro held in Virginia, 258-259, 278 British America, the status of the Negro in, 276-277 Breeding of slaves for market, 374 Brooks, John, the purchaser of a slave in Montreal, 329 Brooks, W. H., a prominent Negro minister, 313 Brown, George W., an instructor in history, 115; _Haiti and the United States_ by, 134-152 Brown, John, a vendor of a slave from Saratoga, 327 Brown, Moses, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 184 Brown, Thomas E., remarks of, 356 Brownell, David, the owner of land at Dartmouth, 154 Bryan, Andrew, a Negro preacher, 50 Bryan, Sampson, a preacher, 50 Bryan, William J., efforts of, to encroach upon Haiti, 143 Bryant, William Cullen, interest of, in freedom, 7 Buffum, a co-worker of Prudence Crandall, 74 Bulkley, Ichabod, an attorney against Prudence Crandall, 78 Bureau of Refugees, establishment of, 3 Bush, W. O., a Negro farmer of fame in the West, 333 Bush, George, a Negro pioneer in the West, 333-335 Butler, B. F., at Fortress Monroe, 2-3 Byrne, William, disposal of slaves by, 329

Caesar, a slave sold in Montreal, 327 Campbell, William, the purchase of slaves by, 328 Came, Amable-Jean-Joseph, sale of a slave by, 319 Canada, slavery in, 316-330 Canal, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Canterbury, Connecticut, the people of, arrayed against Prudence Crandall, 76-80 Capers, Bishop, the missionary work of, 303 Carberry, Daniel, of Montreal, a purchaser of slaves, 329 Cardoza, F. L., an educator of Negroes in South Carolina, 39 Carter, Frank, a teacher of Negroes at Camden, S. C., 38 Carter, E. A., participation of, in the annual meeting, 116 Cary, Lott, a missionary in Africa, 304 Castor, John, a slave owned by Anthony Johnson, a Negro, 259, 278 Chaboille, Sir Charles, a purchaser of slaves, 329 Champlin, G. C., a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Chavigny, Joseph, a vendor of slaves, 322 Channing, Walter, a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Charleston, John, a Negro preacher, 302 Charleston, South Carolina, the Negro schools of, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22-40 Chase, Salmon P., interest of, in the freedmen, 7 Chêne, Mary Josephine, slaves of, by marriage, 329 Chicago, race commission of, 112-114; Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 422 Chicago Commission on Race Relations, _The Negro in Chicago_ by, 112-114 Christophe, a ruler of Haiti, 136 Cincinnati, the treatment of Negroes in, 331-332 Clair, Bishop Matthew W., recognition of, by Methodists, 315 Claflin University, the establishment of, 26 Clark, Peter H., quotation from, 102-103 Clarkson, Thomas, interest of, in colonization, 168; efforts of, 195 Clifford, John R., the achievements of, 338-341 Coppin, Mrs. L. J., interest of, in training domestic workers, 399 Coggeshall, John, a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Coker, Daniel, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 185 Collins, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 185 Colored Methodist Episcopal Church, the organization of, 312 Columbia, South Carolina, the Negro schools of, 18, 19, 20, 21 Columbus, Christopher, the discoverer of Haiti and Santo Domingo, 135 Colvis, Joseph, the record of, 132 _Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages, A_, by Sir Harry H. Johnston, 241-242 Caucasians in domestic service in the United States, 386-387 _Concerning the Origin of Wilberforce_, 335-337 Congregationalists, educational efforts of, 15, 16 Connecticut, Negro servants in, 265-266, 280 "Contraband of War," at Fortress Monroe, 2-3 Cooke, Edward, quotation from letter of Paul Cuffe to, 221 Cotterill, R. S., participation of, in the annual meeting, 118 Cotton, the rise of cotton culture, 370-374; the price of, 376-378; output of, 377-378 Cowan, Philip, petition of, for freedom, 279 Cox, a missionary to Africa, 304 Cramahé, Hector-Theophile, purchase of a slave by, 323-324 Crenshaw, David, a mixed Sunday School in the home of, 302 Croder, Josiah, a merchant connected with Paul Cuffe, 203 Cromwell, John W., letter of, 338-341 Cuffe, Paul, early life of, 153-156; a sea captain, 156-159; domestic affairs of, 159-161; protest of, against taxation, 162-166; a colonizationist, 167-210; trip of, to England, 174-181; life of, as a Quaker, 188-194; death of, 221-223; the will of, 230-232 Cuffe, John, a brother of Paul Cuffe, 155; protest of, against taxation, 162-166, 188 Cureux, Louis, purchaser of slaves, 319 Curry, Thomas, a purchaser of slaves in Montreal, 327

Daggett, Judge, decision of, in the Prudence Crandall case, 78-80 Daguille, Jacques-François, a vendor of a slave, 322 Damien, Jacques, sale of a slave by, 319 _Das Unbekannte Africa_, review of, 455-458 Dassier, Estienne, sale of slave by, 320 Davis, T. R., _Negro Servitude in the United States_ by, 247-283 Davis, Jefferson, befriended by Isaiah T. Montgomery, 87-91 Dayly, Dennis, vendor of a slave, 324 Deane, Major E. L., work of, under the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 De Chalet, François, the hire of a slave by, 323 De Champigny, Intendant, proposal of, 316 De la Chevrotière, Joseph Chavigny, purchase of an Indian slave by, 321 Decline of border States, 367-383 De Grasse, John V., the example of, 132 De la Tesserie, Joseph, the sale of a Negro by, 318 Delaware, Lord, the orders of, 267-268 Delaware, the movement of Negroes from, 367 Delaware River, status of Negroes along, 262, 263 Delzenne, Ignace-François, purchase of a slave by, 320 Denonville, Governor, proposal of, 316 Dessalines, the emperor of Haiti, 136 Detroit, Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 405 Detweiler, Frederick G., _The Negro Press in the United States_ by, 238-239 De Vitre, Mathieu-Theodore, a purchaser of a slave, 322 Director of the Association, the annual report of, 466-471 Discovery of Gold in California, the result of, 377 Disfranchisement of Negro servants, 272 _Disruption of Virginia, The_, review of, 239-241 District of Columbia, the movement of the Negroes from, 367; Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 392, 393, 394, 395, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408, 409-413, 414, 415, 419, 425, 426 Dolgorukovs, friends of Abram Hannibal, 363 Dominican Republic, the history of, 135-142 Domingue, a ruler of Haiti, 137 _Domestic service in the United States, Negroes in_, 384-442 Douglass, Frederick, story related by, 54; his wife, 93-101; in Ireland, 102-107 Dregis, Emanuel, a Negro servant, 260 Dumoulin, François, of Montreal, a vendor of slaves, 329 Dunière, Louis, sale of slaves by, 319, 320 Dutch frigate, slaves brought to Jamestown in, 249 Dutch law with regard to slavery, 253

Edie, Colonel J. R., Assistant Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 _Educational Efforts of the Freedmen's Bureau and Freedmen's Aid Societies in South Carolina, 1862-1872_, 1-40 Edwards, G. A., participation of, in the Spring Conference in Baltimore, 354, 355 El Bekri, the author of Tarikh-es-Soudan, 296 Elizabeth, Empress, a friend of Abram Hannibal, 364 Elizabeth, Queen, the attitude of, toward slavery, 251, 256 Elkonhead, Jane, the owner of Francis Pryne, 259 Ellsworth, W. W., an attorney for Prudence Crandall, 78 Ely, General, daughters of, teachers of Negroes, 21 Embury, Philip, a meeting of Methodists at the home of, 301 Employment agencies as they concern Negro domestic workers, 436-440 Ethics of Africans, 286-290 Evans, Henry, a pioneer preacher, 51 _Evening Bulletin_ (Philadelphia), extract from, 81-84

Farando, Bashasar, a Negro servant, 260 Fay, Thomas, inquiry of, into the affairs of Africa, 207 Featherstonhaugh, quotation from, 375 Fetishism, the religion of Africa, 43-45 Finley, Robert, the correspondence of, with Paul Cuffe, 212-213, 215 Fisher, Miles Mark, an instructor at Virginia Union University, 115 Fisher, Samuel R., proposal of, to establish a Negro school, 206 Flora, a slave sold in Montreal, 327 Forten, Charlotte S., a teacher in South Carolina, 10-11 Forten, James, correspondence of, with Paul Cuffe, 205-206, 207; attitude of, on colonization, 216, 217 Fouse, W. H., participation of, in the annual meeting, 118, 121 Free Negroes in Baltimore, 94 Free Society of Traders, attitude of, toward freedom, 263 Free Will Baptists, educational efforts of, in South Carolina, 15, 16, 18 Freedmen's Bureau, the work of, in South Carolina, 1-40 Freedmen's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the schools of, in South Carolina, 26 _Frederick Douglass in Ireland_, 102-107 French Canada, slavery in, 316-330 Friends, the work of, among freedmen in South Carolina, 27; interest of, in colonization, 170, 171 Friendly Society of Sierra Leone, the efforts of, 186, 193, 200, 206 Frobenius, Leo, reference to, 286, 287, 295; _Das Unbekannte Africa_ of, 455-458 Furley, Benjamin, opposition of, to slavery, 263

Gainesville, Georgia, occupations of, graduates of schools of, 400 Gannett, W. C., a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 8 Garneau, François-Xavier, quotations from, 316, 317 Garrettson, Freeborn, attitude of, toward slavery, 301 Garrison, William Lloyd, interest of, in the freedmen, 7; letter of Prudence Crandall to, 72; letter of Frederick Douglass to, 103-107 Gautier, Pierre, purchase of a slave by, 319 Gay, Sydney Howard, in the home of Frederick Douglass, 97 Geaween, John, a Negro servant, 260 Geffrard, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Georgia, restriction upon slavery in, 254-255; servants in, 279, 280; movement of Negroes from, 363 Germantown, Friends of, protest of, against slavery, 263 Ghana, the kings of, 296; the rise of, 296 Gibbons, William, inquiry of, into the affairs of Sierra Leone, 207-208 "Gideonites," the efforts of, 7 Gifford, Enos, owner of land near Dartmouth, 155 Gifford, Isaac, quotation from letter of Paul Cuffe to, 221-222 Gilbert, a settler from Antigua, 301 Gloucester, Duke of, interest of, in colonization, 169, 195 Goddard, Calvin, an attorney for Prudence Crandall, 78 Gold, the discovery of, in California, the effect of, 377 Grant, U. S., effort of, to annex Santo Domingo, 145 Guérin, Danielle Marie-Anne, vendor of a slave, 319 Guerrier, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Guillaume, a ruler of Haiti, 138 Gulf States, migration to, 367-383 Gummere, Amelia Mott, _The Journal of John Woolman_ by, 349-350

Haiti, relations of, with the United States, 134-152; the occupation of, by the United States, 138; the commercial position of, 148-150 _Haiti and the United States_, by George W. Brown, 134-152 Hale, Edward Everett, interest of, in freedmen, 7 Hammond, Anna Eliza, a pupil of Prudence Crandall, 76; the arrest of, 76 Hammond, L. H., _In the Vanguard of a Race_ by, 111-112 Hammond, John, of Saratoga, the sale of a slave by, 327-328 Hancock, Gordon B., _Three Elements of African Culture_ by, 284-300 Hannibal, Ivan, a son of Abram Hannibal, 365 Hannibal-Pushkin, Nadejda, the mother of Alexander Pushkin, 365 Hannibal, Ossip, a son of Abram Hannibal, 365 Harris, Sara, a pupil of Prudence Crandall, 73 Harris, William, quotation from letter of Paul Cuffe to, 221 Hart, W. O., sketch of C. C. Antoine by, 84-87 Hartford, interest of, in the training of domestic workers, 399 Hartzell, Bishop J. C., _Methodism and the Negro in the United States_ by, 301-315 Hawkins, Sir John, the trading of, 251; argument of, in favor of slavery, 255-256 Hawkins, M. A., participation of, in the Spring Conference of the Association in Baltimore, 353, 354 Hawkins, John R., address of, in Baltimore, 353-354 Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, 145-146 Haynes, Elizabeth Ross, _Negroes in Domestic Service in the United States_ by, 384-442 Haynes, George E., _The Trend of the Races_ by, 109-111 Health of Negro domestic workers, 432-433 Henrique y Carvajol, Frederico, nomination of, 144 Herard, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Hicks, Mrs. C. M., a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 37 Hicks, Jenkins, and Company, merchants connected with Paul Cuffe, 203 Higginson, T. W., quotations from, 55, 56, 57 Hill, L. P., address of, in Baltimore, 356-357 Hilton Head, capture of, 4; educational efforts at, 5 Hippolyte, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Hipp, George, sale of a slave by, 323 History, the teaching of, 123-127 _History of the Afro-American Group of the Episcopal Church_, review of, 107-109 _History of the United States since the Civil War, A_, review of, 458-461 Hodge, LeRoy, a letter of, 343-344 Holly, Bishop Theodore, the lineage of, 454 Hopkins, Charles, a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 37-38 Hopkins, Samuel D., interest of, in colonization, 168 Hosier, Harry, a Negro preacher, 49 Howard, Horatio P., the death of, 243; relation of, to Paul Cuffe, 243; the will of, 243 Howard, O. O., the head of the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 Howard School, the establishment of, 21 Hume, Naethan, the owner of slaves in Montreal, 330 Hunter, General David, in command in South Carolina, 8 Hunter, William, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 185 Hurst, Bishop John, participation of, in the Spring Conference in Baltimore, 356 Hutchinson, Samuel, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 184

Importation of slaves, restriction on, 252-253, 375 Impostor posing as the relative of Paul Cuffe, 208-210 _In the Vanguard of a Race_, review of, 111-112 Indian slaves in Canada, 320-323 Indianapolis, occupations of graduates of schools of, 400, 401, 405, 434 Ireland, Frederick Douglass in, 102-107 Isabella, the slave of Hector-Theophilie Cramahé, Lieutenant-Governor of Quebec, 323, 324, 325 Isthmian Canal, the seizure of, 146; the completion of, 146

Jack, a pioneer Negro preacher, 50-51 Jackson, John H., the services of, 132 Jackson, L. P., _Educational Efforts of the Freedmen's Bureau and Freedmen's Aid Societies in South Carolina, 1862-1872_ by, 1-40; an instructor at the Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute, 115 Jackson, W. C., _A Boy's Life of Booker T. Washington_ by, 463-464 James, John, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 184; inquiry of, into the condition of Sierra Leone, 207 James, L. S., address of, in Baltimore, 355 Jamestown, the introduction of slavery at, 249 Jessop, Joseph, visit to, by impostor, 209 Johnson, Anthony, a Negro owner of slaves, 259, 278 Johnson, James Weldon, _The Book of American Negro Poetry_ by, 347-348 Johnson, Richard, a Negro brought to Virginia, 260 Johnston, Sir Harry H., _A Comparative Study of the Bantu and Semi-Bantu Languages_ by, 241-242 Jones, Absalom, the opposition of, to colonization, 219 Jones, J. McHenry, the services of, 132 Jones, Laurence C., _Piney Woods and Its Story_ by, 346-347 Jones, P. W. L., participation of, in the annual meeting, 117; _Negro Biography_ by, 128-133 Jones, Bishop R. E., recognition of, by Methodists, 315 Jordan, L. G., participation of, in the annual meeting, 117 _Journal of John Woolman, The_, review of, 349-350 Judson, A. T., an opponent of Prudence Crandall, 75, 76, 77, 78

Keith, George, opposition of, to slavery, 263 Kentucky, Colonization Society of, the establishment of, 211; the culture of tobacco in, 368; breeding of slaves in, 374 Khama, an honest native of South Africa, 288 Kizell, John, a settler in Sierra Leone, 193

Labart, Guillaume, a vendor of slaves, 329 Ladoga Canal Commission, Abram Hannibal a member of, 364 Lane College, the establishment of, 312 La Promenade, Paul, a purchaser of a slave in Montreal, 328 Larger Canal Zone, a reality, 143, 146, 150, 151, 152 Larned, E. D., quotation from, concerning Prudence Crandall, 73 Lecompte Cincinnatus, a ruler of Haiti, 138 Lee, Barnard K., a founder of a school for Negroes, 8 Legitime, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Lepage Louis, a slave in Quebec, 322 Le Pailleur, Charles, a purchaser of a slave in Montreal, 327, 329 Levy, Gershon, owner of André, a Canadian slave, 326 Levy, Solomon, a purchaser of slaves, 327 Lewis, Edmonia, the achievements of, 132 Liberia, part played by Philadelphia in founding, 81-84 Lifland, Abram Hannibal in, 364 Light, George, an early owner of slaves in Virginia, 279 Living conditions of Negro domestic workers, 428-429 Locke, Perry, a minister going to Africa, 198, 201; interest of, in colonization, 217 London Freedmen's Aid Society, 15, 16 Los Angeles, domestic workers in, 435 Louisiana, the movement of Negroes to, 367, 370, 373, 379, 381; cotton culture in, 372 Louison, a slave in Canada, 319 Lucas, Charles, a slaveholder in Virginia, 279 Lucas, Sir Charles, _The Partition of Africa_ by, 461-463 Lugard, Lady, quotation from, 294-295, 298-299, 300 Lurker, King, the grandson of, 205

McAdam, Hugh, a vendor of slaves in Saratoga, 327 McCoy, L. M., participation of, in the Spring Conference of the Association in Baltimore, 353 McGill, James, a vendor of slaves, 327 McGregor, James C., _The Disruption of Virginia_ by, 239-241 _McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations, The_, review of, 348-349 McLachlan, R. W., memorandum of, on the sale of slaves, 327 Macaulay, Zachariah, interest of, in colonization, 169-170 Madison, President James, visit to, by Paul Cuffe, 184-185, 186 Mansa Musa, a noble of Ghana, 296 Maryland, early slavery in, 260-261; treatment of servants in, 268-269, 271, 273, 274-275, 276, 280, 281, 282; movement of Negroes from, 367, 370; the culture of tobacco in, 368; breeding of slaves in, 374, 376 Martin, Governor Simeon, an endorser of Paul Cuffe, 184 Mashonaland, natives of, discussed, 288, 289, 292 Massachusetts, early slavery in, 252, 260, 261, 262; restrictions on servants in, 272, 273, 280 Mather, Mrs. Rachel C., the establishment of a school by, 26 Matthews, W. B., participation of, in the annual meeting, 117 May, Samuel, a coworker of Prudence Crandall, 74, 75, 76 May, Samuel J., in the home of Frederick Douglass, 97 Mazoe Valley, art in, 294 Meade, Bishop, interest of, in colonization, 217 Melle, a kingdom of Africa, 296 Methodist Churches, early difficulties of the races in, 302 _Methodism and the Negro in the United States_, 301-315 Menshikov, ruler of Russia, 363 Michaels, Myer, of Montreal, a purchaser of slaves, 329 Michigan Freedmen's Relief Association, 15 Migration to the lower South and Southwest, 367-383 Miller, Kelly, address of, in Baltimore, 354 Miller, Thomas E., Ex-Congressman, remarks of, at the Baltimore Spring Conference, 356 Mills, Samuel J., interest of, in colonization, 213-216 Miner Normal School, the occupation of the graduates of, 400, 401 Minich, Field Marshall, the friend of Abram Hannibal, 364 Minimum wage legislation, 424-425 Missionary efforts in the South, the success of, 304-305 Mississippi, the movement of Negroes to, 367, 373, 380, 379-381; cotton culture in, 372 Missouri, the culture of tobacco in, 368; breeding of slaves in, 374 Mole St. Nicholas, a prospective naval base, 143 Mona Passage, the, significance of, 148-150 Monroe Doctrine as it concerns Haiti and Santo Domingo, 135, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 Montgomery, Isaiah T., sketch of, 87-91 Monsaige, Jean, purchase of a slave by, 319 Morality of Africans, 286-291 Morgan, Peter G., the record of, 341-344 Morisseaux, Marie-Josephe, sale of a slave by, 322 Morrison, James, a vendor of a slave in Montreal, 327, 328-329 Morse, Dr. Jedekiah, inquiry of, into the affairs of Africa, 206 Morse, P. A., quotations from, 372 Moses, Ruth, an Indian girl, marriage of, to Cuffe Slocum, 154 Mossell, Mrs. N. F., remarks of, 355 Mtokoland, natives of, discussed, 294 Munro, Abby D., a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 27 Murray, Ella Spencer, remarks of, 356

Napier, Peter, the purchase of a slave called Isabella by, 324 Nat Turner's Insurrection, the results of, 375-376 Nassingh, Phillip Peter, employer of York Thomas, in Montreal, 330 _Negro Biography_, by P. W. L. Jones, 128-133 Negro folklore, interest in, 470 _Negro in Chicago, The_, review of, 112-114 _Negroes in Domestic Service in the United States_, 384-442 _Negro Pioneer in the West, A_, 333-335 _Negro Press in the United States, The_, review of, 238-239 _Negro Servitude in the United States_, 247-283 Neide, Major Horace, work of, under the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 Neptune, a Negro slave of the estate of De Beauvais, 323 New England Freedmen's Aid Society, 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 New Jersey, memorial of citizens of, with respect to colonization, 212 New Netherlands, status of slaves in, 262-263 New York, the status of the slave in, 253, 262-263, 280; laws of, with respect to Negro schools, 344-345 New York National Freedmen's Relief Association, 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 New York City, Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 391, 398, 406, 407, 418, 419, 420, 421, 427, 428 Nieboer, definition of _slave_ by, 266 Nicolas, the sale of, 318 Nonomapata, a dynasty in Africa, 297 Nord, Alexis, a ruler of Haiti, 137-138 Normandin, Jean-Baptiste, a vendor of a slave, 321-322 North Carolina, early slavery in, 251-252, 260; treatment of Negro servants in, 271, 273, 279, 280, 281; the movement of Negroes from, 367, 374 Northern Methodist, the attitude of, toward slavery, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 311; statistics of, 309, 312; missionary work of, after the _Civil War_, 312-313; schools established by, 313-314; recognition given Negroes by, 314 _Notes on the Slave in Nouvelle France_, 316-330

Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxon, _A History of the United States since the Civil War_ by, 458, 461 O'Connell, Pezavia, participation of, in the Spring Conference of the Association in Baltimore, 353, 354 Old Fort Plantation School, the establishment of, 11-12 Oreste, Michel, a ruler of Haiti, 138 Organizations of domestic workers, 435-436 Orleans, Duke of, proposal of, to Abram Hannibal, 362 Orr, Governor, interest of, in the uplift of Negroes in South Carolina, 32 Otis, James, quotation from, 249 Overton, C. B., an assistant in research, 468

Palapwe, an objective of Bent in South Africa, 288 Palmer, Alice Freeman, interest of, in training for domestic service, 398 Panama Canal, the building of, 143, 145, 146; the influence of, 145, 146, 147, 148 "Panis," Indian slaves among the French, 320-323 Parent, Louis, the petition of, 323 Paris, Abram Hannibal educated at, 361, 362 Park, Dr. R. E., quotation from, 45-46 Parker, Robert, a friend of John Castor, 278 Parry, Albert, _Abram Hannibal, the Favorite of Peter the Great_ by, 359-366 _Partition of Africa, The_, a review of, 461-463 _Paul Cuffe_, by H. N. Sherwood, 153-229 Péan, Hugues Jacques, sale of an Indian slave by, 321 Pécaudy, Claude, purchase of a slave by, 319 Peck, Solomon, a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 8, 26 Pemberton, James, interest of, in African colonization, 169 Penn, William, in colonization dialogue, 218-220 Penn's Charter, with respect to slavery, 263 Pennington, J. W. C., the scholarship of, 132 Pennsylvania, early slavery in, 252, 262, 263; Negro servants in, 263, 264, 276, 279, 280, 281; value of lands of, compared, 370 Penn Normal and Agricultural Institute, the establishment of, 11 Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief Association, 6 Perry, Heman E., sketch of, 91-92 Peter the Great, the favorite of, 359-366 Peter II, ruler of Russia, 363; Abram Hannibal, the instructor of, 363 "Peter's Negro," 359-366 Petion, a ruler of Haiti, 136-137 Philadelphia, the part of, in establishing Liberia, 81-84; Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 393, 398, 399, 414, 416, 418 Phillips, Wendell, in the home of Frederick Douglass, 97 Philleo, Rev. Calvin, the husband of Prudence Crandall, 80 Pierrot, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Pickens, William, address of, in Baltimore, 357 Pierce, E. L., efforts of, in South Carolina, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Pierre, a slave sold in Canada, 320 Pinchback, P. B. S., partner of C. C. Antoine, 86-87 _Piney Woods and its Story_, review of, 346-347 Pioneer Negro, in the West, 333-335 Pitman, Thomas G., a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Planters, migration of, from the border States, 367-383 Porter, Admiral, effort of, to lease Samaná Bay, 145 Porter, Rev. A. Tomer, the work of, among the freedmen, 27, 32 Port Royal, the education of Negroes at, 8, 9, 10, 11, 25, 26, 28, 32 Port Royal Experiment, the, 4-12 Port Royal Relief Committee, 6 Preobrajensky Guard-regiment, Abram Hannibal an officer in, 362 Presbyterian Church, the efforts of, to educate Negroes, 27 _Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of Association for the Study of Negro Life and History_, 116-122; of the Spring Conference, 353-357 Protest against slavery, 333 Protestant Episcopal Freedmen's Commission, the efforts of, in South Carolina, 27 Providence, attitude of, toward slavery, 261; interest of citizens of, in domestic service training, 399 _Prudence Crandall_, by G. Smith Wormley, 72-80 Punch, John, a Negro servant in Virginia, 282 Pushkin, Alexander, references of, to his grandfather, 359, 360, 361, 362 Pryne, Francis, a slave freed in Virginia, 259

Quebec, slavery in, 316-330

Ragusinsky Savva, gift of Abram Hannibal to Peter the Great by, 360 Rathbone, William and Richard, merchants connected with Paul Cuffe, 203 Rathbone Hodgson Company in communication with Paul Cuffe, 205 Réaume, Charles, a vendor of slaves, 315 Reed, E. E., participation of, in the annual meeting, 116 Reed, James, a colonizationist in Sierra Leone, 182 Reed, Lieut. Col. William N., services of, 131 _Religion of the American Negro Slave: His Attitude toward Life and Death_, 40-71 Research, the results of, 468-470 Reval, Abram Hannibal the commandant of, 364 Rhode Island, Negro servitude in, 264-265, 280 Rhodes, James F., _The McKinley and Roosevelt Administrations_ by, 348-349 Richards, Ellen H., the experiment of, 398 Riché, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Riddell, William Renwick, _Notes on the Slave in Nouvelle France_ by, 316-330 Rights of Negro servants, 271, 272 Rigot, Jean, a vendor of a slave, 329 Ripley, quotation from, 299-300 Robbins, Amasa, an attorney employed by Paul Cuffe, 184 Robert Gould Shaw School, the establishment of, 19-20 Rogers, Joel, quotation from letter of Paul Cuffe to, 222 Roman, C. V., address of, at the annual meeting, 122 Romana, La, a plantation in Santo Domingo, 138, 139, 140 Roscoe, references to, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292 Roth, William, a letter of, quoted, 193; interest of, in Paul Cuffe, 199, 203, 208, 224 Rotch, William, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 184 Rubin, a faithful slave of John Young in Canada, 325 Ruggles, David, the record of, 132 Russell, James S., letters of, 341-344 Russell, H. C., participation of, in the annual meeting, 121 Russell, J. H., quotations from, 258, 259, 260 Rust, R. S., a president of the original Wilberforce, 308 Rutherford, S. W., remarks of, at the Baltimore Spring Conference, 356

Saget, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Salnave, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Salomon, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Sam, a ruler of Haiti, 137 Samaná Bay, the desire of the United States for, 145 Santo Domingo, a brief account of, 138-142 Sara, a slave from Saratoga, sold in Canada, 327 Saxton, Major Rufus, work of, among the freedmen, 8, 9; Assistant Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 Schism in the Churches of the United States, 303, 304, 305, 306 Schofield, Martha, efforts of, for the uplift of Negroes, 27 Scott, Bishop I. B., mission of, to Africa, 314 Scott, General R. K., Assistant Commissioner of the Freedmen's Bureau, 13 Secretary-Treasurer, financial statement of, 466 Selenginsk, the flight of Abram Hannibal from, 363 Servitude distinguished from slavery, 247-260 Sewall, Judge, work of, against slavery, 262 Seward, F. W., efforts of, to secure Samaná Bay, 145 Sharp, Granville, interest of, in colonization, 168 Shaw, Francis G., interest of, in the freedmen, 7 Sherman, T. W., operations of, in South Carolina, 3 Sherman, W. T., field order of, 35-36 Sherbro, proposal to purchase land there, 208 Sherwood, H. N., _Paul Cuffe_ by, 153-229 Sierra Leone, an objective of colonizationists, 168, 169, 182, 189 Slavery in the United States distinguished from servitude, 247-260; slavery in England, 250, 251; protest against, in the colonies, 333 Slocum, Cuffe, ancestor of Paul Cuffe, 153, 154 Slocum, Ebenezer, the owner of Paul Cuffe's ancestor, 153 Slocum, Ruth, the wife of Cuffe Slocum, the death of, 155 Smith, A. H., the retirement of, from the service of the Association, 351, 471 Smith, Georgine Kelly, participation of, in the Spring Conference of the Association in Baltimore, 353 Social life of Negro domestic workers, 434 Songhay, the civilization of, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 Soudan, the governments of, 295-300 Soulouque, a ruler of Haiti, 137 South, the movement of Negroes in, 367-383 South Carolina, refugees in, 1-6; education in, 1-40; early slavery in, 252, 280; missionary work in, 302, 304; of Negroes from, 368 Southern Methodists supreme over slavery, 306, 307, 308 Southwest, the movement of Negroes to, 367-383 Sowle, Jonathan, an owner of land near Dartmouth, 155 Spanish explorers, Negroes with, 249 Spencer, J. O., address of, in Baltimore, 353, 354 Spingarn, A. B., a letter of, 344-345 Sprague, Rosetta Douglass, _Anna Murray-Douglass--My Mother as I Recall Her_ by, 93-101 Spring Conference of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, the proceedings of, 353-357 Springfield, Massachusetts, occupations of Negroes in, 405 St. Helena, Negro school at, 11 St. Louis, Negroes in domestic service in, 393-394 St. Petersburg-Moscow Canal, the plan for, submitted by Abram Hannibal, 365 Steward, T. G., extracts from _The Friend_ supplied by, 331-333; a letter from, 453 Steward, W. H., participation of, in the annual meeting, 116 Stiles, Ezra, interest of, in colonization, 168 Stiles, Joshua, a vendor of slaves in Montreal, 329 Stoll, C. C., address of, at the annual meeting, 117 Strong, Henry, an attorney for Prudence Crandall, 78 Strouds, Giles, a sale of slaves by, 322 Sullivan, John, the purchaser of a slave in Montreal, 330 Sumner, Charles, quotation from, 262 Sumner High School, St. Louis, the occupations of the graduates of, 400 Survance, Antony, a native of Senegal, 199 Swedish Company, ordinance of, with respect to slavery, 263

Taber, Judge Constant, a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Taber, Philip, a minister known to the Cuffes, 154 Tappan, Arthur, a supporter of Prudence Crandall, 78 _Tarikh-es-Soudan_, the author of, 296 Taylor, A. A., _The Movement of Negroes from the East to the Gulf States from 1830 to 1850_ by, 367-383; a permanently employed investigator of the Association, 465, 469 Tennessee, the culture of tobacco in, 368; breeding slaves in, 374 _Teaching of Negro History, The_, by J. W. Bell, 123-127 Texas, admission of, stimulus to slave trade, 377 _The Friend_, extracts from, 331-333 _The Item_ (New Orleans), extract from, 87-91 _The Movement of Negroes from the East to the Gulf States from 1830 to 1850_, by A. A. Taylor, 367-383 _The States_ (New Orleans), extract from, 84-87 Thérèse, an Indian slave girl in Quebec, 321 Thomas, York, a Negro serving under an indenture, 330 Thompson, A. Eugene, participation of, in the annual meeting, 116 Thornton, William, interest of, in colonization, 168 _Three Elements of African Culture_, 284-300 Tillinghast, reference to, 286, 289 Tobacco, the production of, from 1830 to 1850, 368-369 Todd, Andrew, a purchaser of a slave, 329 Tomlinson, Reuben, work of, under the Freedmen's Bureau, 13; Assistant Commissioner, 13; report of, 34 Tomsk, the service of Abram Hannibal at, 363 Towne, Laura M., a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 11 Training of domestic service workers in England, 397; in the United States, 398-404 Transition from white servitude to slavery, 266-276; from Negro servitude to Negro slavery, 277-283 Treatment of Negroes in Ohio, 331-332 _Trend of the Races, The_, review of, 109-111 Turner, John, a vendor of a slave in Montreal, 329 Turner, George, a soldier, the owner of a slave in Canada, 330 Tyson, Elisha, a friend of Paul Cuffe, 185

Union American Methodist Episcopal Church organized, 303 Union Humane Society, the establishment of, 211 United States in the Larger Canal Zone, 145-146

Vallée, Jean Baptiste, a sale of slaves by, 322 Vase, John, an attorney employed by Paul Cuffe, 184 Vederique, François, purchase of a Negro by, 318 Venture, Thomas, the owner of a slave called Isabella, 324 Vernon, I., a supporter of Paul Cuffe, 184 Virginia, memorial of legislature of, 212; introduction of slavery in, 251, 254; Negro servants in, 256-260, 267; treatment of Negro servants in, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 282; movement of Negroes from, 367, 370, 374; tobacco culture in, 368, 369; breeding of slaves in, 374, 376 Von Sheberg, Christina Regina, the wife of Abram Hannibal, 364

Wallace, Henry A., the death of, 243; his services, 243-244 Ward, William, of Vermont, sale of slaves by, 328 Washington, Booker T., a quotation from, 49 Washington, D. C, Negroes in domestic service in, 390, 391, 393, 394, 395, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 408, 409-413, 414, 415, 419, 425, 426 Webster, Dr. A., an educator in South Carolina, 26 Welch, Jonathan A., an attorney against Prudence Crandall, 78 Wesley, John, the baptism of a Negro by, 301 Wesleyan Methodists, educational efforts of, 15, 16 Westport, Friends at, 195 Wheatley, Phyllis, the story of, 44-45 Wheaton, Laban, presentation of Memorial of Paul Cuffe by, 196 White, Ned Lloyd, a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 39 Whittier, John G., interest of, in the Freedmen's education, 10-11 Wiener, Leo, _Africa and the Discovery of America_ by, 233-238 Wilberforce, William, interest of, in colonization, 168, 174, 195 Wilberforce, the establishment of, 308, 335-337 Wilhelmina, Queen, a friend of Cornelius Winst Blyd, of Dutch Guiana, 451-452 Williams, Noah W., participation of, in the annual meeting, 117 Williams, Peter, inquiry of, into colonization prospects, 207; interest of, in colonization, 215; funeral sermon of, on Paul Cuffe, 224 Wilmington, Delaware, independent Negro Methodists of, 303 Wilson, G. R., _The Religion of the American Negro Slave: His Attitude toward Life and Death_ by, 41-71 Wilson, Samuel, interest of, in colonization, 217 Windward Passage, the, significance of, 148-150 Woman's Home Missionary Society, the work of, 17, 26 Woodson, Carter G., quotation from, 47-48; address of, at annual meeting, 117; address of, in Baltimore, 354 World War and Negro domestic labor, 384-442 Wormley, G. Smith, _Prudence Crandall_ by, 72-80; address of, in Baltimore, 355 Wyatt, Sir Francis, the owner of a Negro named Brass, 259 Wright, Irene A., the assistance of, in research, 465 Wright, John F., a founder of the original Wilberforce, 308 Wright, T. G., a founder of a Negro School, 20-21

Yeamans, Sir John, introduction of slaves by, 252 Yoruban civilization, an estimate of, 286-287 Young, John, the purchaser of a Negro slave in Canada, 324

Zamor, a ruler of Haiti, 138 Zimbabwe, a city of art in Africa, 292, 293 Zachas, John C, a teacher of Negroes in South Carolina, 8

* * * * *

[Transcriber's Notes:

The transcriber made these changes to the text:

Vol. VIII., No. 1 JANUARY, 1923.

1. p. 2, Footnote #2, annual report, No. 2 -> Annual report, No. 2 2. p. 2, Footnote #2, "Description and Travel." made small caps 3. p. 18, necesasry -> necessary 4. p. 30, Footnote #75, Hohse -> House 5. p. 47, No footnote marker for footnote #13 6. p. 51, No footnote marker for footnote #30 7. p. 57, rythmical -> rhythmical 8. p. 58, "'O Lord, O my Lord! -> 'O Lord, O my Lord! 9. p. 72, scolars -> scholars 10. p. 98, alter -> altar 11. p. 100, altho -> altho' 12. p. 104, "Howth" to the "Giant's -> "Howth" to the Giant's 13. p. 108, demonination -> denomination

Vol. VIII., No. 2 APRIL, 1923

1. p. 135, prac-cal -> practical 2. p. 146, Colombia -> Columbia 3. p. 169, Novia Scotia -> Nova Scotia 4. p. 205, Aikin -> Aiken 5. p. 209, keeness -> keenness 6. p. 210, Paul Cuffe." 7. p. 218, in in Africa -> in Africa 8. p. 220, decendants -> descendants 9. p. 222, devasted -> devastated 10. p. 225, Columbian Centinel -> Columbian Sentinel 11. p. 231, In the second item on the page, the text: "Item. I give unto my cousin Ruth Cottell fifty dollars" is repeated later on the page and has been left as published. 12. p. 235, conclusions -> conclusion 13. p. 235, or capnotherapy -> of capnotherapy 14. p. 236, "In Africa -> In Africa 15. p. 236, with spearheads of guanin. -> with spearheads of guanin." 16. p. 238, Caaada -> Canada 17. p. 242, H[=o]ma macron diacritical mark above the letter o

Vol. VIII., No. 3 JULY, 1923

1. p. 254, No footnote marker for footnote #31 2. p. 258, 'slaves'." -> 'slaves'. 3. p. 258, Footnote #50, Thomas, 1608 -> Thomas, 1608" 4. p. 260, devlopment -> development 5. p. 264, Pensylvania -> Pennsylvania 6. p. 298, aboundant -> abundant 7. p. 310, ther church relations -> their church relations 8. p. 319, fut -> fût 9. p. 320, Duniere -> Dunière 10. p. 320, Footnote #10, evenement -> événement 11. p. 324, Crahamé's -> Cramahé's 12. p. 324, Footnote #19, rue St-Louis." -> rue St-Louis. 13. p. 331, There is no footnote #1 in the "Documents" section 14. p. 335, Shorly -> Shortly 15. p. 339, Pioneeer -> Pioneer 16. p. 340, attoney -> attorney

Vol. VIII., No. 4 OCTOBER, 1923

1. p. 378, Tables moved to appear between paragraphs 2. p. 379, Tables moved to appear between paragraphs 3. p. 381, Tables moved to appear between paragraphs 4. p. 385, domestice -> domestic 5. p. 392, 5,124 single registered -> 5,124 single women registered 6. p. 416-417, Two footnotes #27, no text for first one on p. 416 7. p. 416, Tables moved to appear between paragraphs 8. p. 418, Tabre -> Table 9. p. 418, Rangh -> Range 10. p. 418, Model -> Modal 11. p. 422, Wide table XVII split into narrower tables 12. p. 431, as well being -> as well as being 13. p. 433, No footnote anchor for footnote number 36 14. p. 444, Move 1st juror name to same position as other transcripts 15. p. 446, barabarism -> barbarism 16. p. 469, finsh -> finish

Vol. VIII., 1923, INDEX

1. p. 478, Frderick -> Frederick 2. p. 480, Hutchinson, Samuel, ... -> Hutchinson, Samuel, ... 184 3. p. 484, Potestant Episcopal -> Protestant Episcopal

End of Transcriber's Notes]