M.
MacArthur-Forrest, cyanide process, 236.
Macaulay, Lord, 10.
Mackintosh, of Glasgow, 477.
Machine guns, 269.
Madersperger, Jos., 312.
Magdeburg, 193.
Magic lantern. (See Optics.)
Magnets and Magnetic Electricity, 112, 122, 123, 124, 130, 133.
Mail bags and locks, 427.
Mail service, 427.
Mail marking, 285.
Majolica. (See Pottery.)
Malt, 65, 66.
Man a tool-using animal, 310.
Manning, 1831, 37.
Marble, artificial, 468, 469.
Marine propulsion, 442.
Marconi, 151.
Mariotte’s law of gases, 184, 194.
Markers and cutters, 324.
Markham, 30.
Marsland, looms, 301.
Marr, Wm., 421.
Martin, Prof., 63.
Marvin’s safes, 421.
McClure’s Magazine, 445, 447.
McCormick reaper, 37, 38.
McCallum bridge, 103.
McKay, ships, 439.
McKay, shoe machines, 369.
McMillan bicycle, 433.
Mary, Queen, 402.
Mason, Prof. O. T., 458.
Massachusetts, mills, 298, 369.
Massachusetts, shoe making, 370.
Master locks, 423, 426.
Matches, 199, 200, 201.
Matting, 309, 312.
Maudsley, Henry, 243, 349.
Maurice of Nassau, 255.
Maurice, Peter, 167.
Mauser rifle, 269.
Mausoleum, 34.
Maxim electric light, 137.
Maxwell, 417.
Mayer, Prof., 404.
Meares, 1800, 35.
Meat, Preparation of, 55.
Mechanical powers, 4.
Medicine and surgery, 70, 71, 72.
Meigs, General M. C., 102.
Meikle, 1786, 41.
Megaphone, 407.
Melville, David, 452.
Menai Straits bridges, 96.
Mendeljeff, 2.
Menzies of Scotland, 41.
Mergenthaler, 288.
Merrimac and Monitor, 268, 441.
Metals and Metallurgy, 218-239.
Metal founding, 249.
Metal working and turning, 240; boring, planing, 251; hammering, shaping, 240; modern metal working plant, 250.
Metal, personal ware, buckles, clasps, hooks, buttons, etc., 250.
Meters, gas and water, 178.
Mexico, 281, 292.
Microphone, 148.
Microscope, 409.
Middlings purifier, 49, 50.
Milk, milkers, 54, 55.
Millet, 30.
Mills, 45 to 51.
Milling, high, low, 49.
Miller, wood working, 342.
Miller and Taylor, 81.
Millwright, The Young, 47.
Milton, 105, 218.
Mineral wool, minerals and mining, 373-383.
Minneapolis mills, 50.
Mitrailleuses, 269.
Modern machinery, its commencement, 364.
Mohl, von, Hugo, 67.
Moigno, Abbé, 411.
Mold, aging. (See Chemistry.)
Moulding. (See Wood-working and Glass making.)
Monks, 387.
“Monitor,” The, 268, 441.
Montgolfier, 169.
Moody, Paul, 298.
Moors, 253.
Morin, Genl., 209, 238.
Morland, Sir Sam’l, 77.
Morrison, Chas., 115.
Morse, S. B. F., 126, 127, 128, 129.
Mortars, 253.
Mortise making, 345.
Morton, Dr. W. T. G., 71.
Motor vehicles, 435.
Mont Cenis Tunnel, 107.
Mowers, 32, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39.
Moxon, Jos., 242.
Mozart, 402.
Murdock, Wm., 185, 452.
Music, 400-406.
Musical instruments, 6, 400.
Musical electrical apparatus, 406.
Muschenbroeck, Prof., 1745, 114, 115.
Mushet, iron and steel, 234.
Muskets. (See Ordnance.)
Muzzle loaders, 263, 264.
N.
National Assembly, France, 9.
Napoleon. (See Bonaparte.)
Naphtha, 454.
Nasmyth, 243, 245.
Needle, 310, 313.
Needle gun, 266.
Niedringhaus, 468.
Netting. (See Spinning.)
Newcomen, 5, 77, 78, 79, 167, 187.
Newbold, Chas., 19.
Newbury, Wm., 348.
Newton, Sir Isaac, 9, 11, 61, 114, 167, 183, 414.
Niagara bridges, 97, 98, 104.
Niagara power, 171, 172.
Nicholson and Carlisle, 118.
Nicholson, Wm., of England, 282.
Nickel. (See Metallurgy.)
Niepce, Jas. N., 415.
Nitro-glycerine, 270.
Noah’s Ark, 438.
Nobel, A., 192.
Nollet, Prof., 132.
Noria, The, 165.
Norway, 266, 430, 439.
Nozzles, flexible, 174; water, 179.
O.
Oersted, 121, 130.
Ogle, 1822, 36.
Ohm, G. S., 125.
Oils and fats, 69.
Oil cloth, 306.
Oil lamps, 359.
Oil stoves and furnaces, 190, 212.
Oiling waves, 446.
Oil wells, 190, 382.
Omnibus. (See Stages and Carriers.)
Opening and blowing machines, cotton, 299.
Opthalmoscope, 411.
Optical instruments, 409-412.
Ordnance, arms, explosives, 252 to 272.
Ores, treatment of, 229, 250, 251, 373 to 380.
Ore separators, 379. (See Metallurgy.)
Organs, 404.
Ornamental iron work. (See Metal Working.)
Ornamental wood work. (See Wood Working.)
Oscillating engines. (See Steam.)
Osmund furnaces. (See Metallurgy.)
Otis elevators, 155.
Otto, Nicolaus A., Otto engine, 190, 191.
Oxygen, 58, 453. (See Priestley.)
P.
Paddle wheels and vessels, 443.
Paints, 466.
Painting, 418, 419, 459.
Painting machines, 193, 418, 467.
Paixhans, Genl., 261, 264.
Page, Prof. C. G., 132, 141.
Page, Ralph, 224.
Palissy, Bernard, 458.
Palmer, stage-coaches, 429.
Palladius, 32.
Panoramas, 415.
Paper and printing, 273-291.
Paper bag machinery, 279.
Papin, 5, 77, 184, 192, 193.
Papyrus, 273, 274.
Paraffine. (See Oils.)
Parchment, 274.
Parkinson, Thos., 194.
Parliament, House of, 209.
Parquetry. (See Wood-working.)
Parrott, gun, 264.
Parthenon, 373.
Partridge, Reuben, matches, 200.
Pascal, 166, 168, 170, 183.
Pasteur, 68.
Patents, their origin and purpose, 8, 21.
Pattern making. (See Wood, Metal, and Textiles.)
Pauley, Col., 266.
Pegs, 367, 368.
Pencils, 418.
Pendulum. (See Horology.)
Pendulum machines, 365.
Penelope, 306.
Pennsylvania fireplace, 203.
Percussion caps, 259, 260.
Percy. (See Metallurgy.)
Permutation locks, 425.
Pernot, 234.
Perin & Co., saws, 348.
Persians, 362.
Petroleum, 359, 382.
Petzold, 403.
Pfaff, 121.
Pharos of Alexandria, 34.
Phelps, G. M., 147.
Phœnicians, 439, 459.
“Phœnix,” The. (See Ships.)
Phonautograph, 141, 407.
Phonograph, 2, 406.
Phonophone, 414.
Phonoscope, 414.
Photophone, 414.
Phosphorus matches, 200.
Photochromoscope, 417.
Photography, 410, 414, 416, 418.
Photo-processes, 417.
Piano, 6, 401-404.
Picking machine, 298, 299.
Picker-motion, looms, 297.
Piezometer, 262.
Pigments, 70.
Pitt, inventor, 1786, 33.
Pixii, 131.
Planes, 340, 350. (See Wood-working.)
Planing machines, 245, 349, 350. (See Wood-working.)
Planté, G., 120.
Planters. (See Chap. III.)
Plaster, 469.
Plato, 385.
Platt, Sir Hugh, 14.
Platt, Senator, 35.
Pliny, 32, 164, 223, 227, 273, 340.
Ploughs, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30.
Plucknett, 1808, 35.
Pneumatics, 165, 182 to 198.
Pneumatic machines, 195, 197, 198.
Pneumatic propellers, 444.
Pneumatic tires, 433.
Pneumatic tubes and transmission, 159, 196.
Polemoscope, 413.
Polishing glass, 475.
Pope, Alexander, 394.
Porcelain, 465, 466.
Poririer (match machine), 201.
Porta Baptista, 414.
Porta G. della, 75.
Portable engines, 88.
Potato planters, 28.
Potassium, 236.
Potter, Humphrey, 78.
Pottery, 457-469.
Pousard, 465.
Powder, 253.
Power, measure of, 187.
Prehistoric inventions. (See beginning of each Chapter.)
Pressing machines, 51, 52, 53.
Priestley, 58, 453, 477.
“Princeton,” The, 443.
Printing press, 2, 6, 273-291.
Prince of Orange, 255.
Projectiles, 253-270.
Prometheus, 199, 200.
Protoplasm, 67.
Prussia, 266.
Providence, R. I., Tool Co., 322.
Psalteries, 401.
Ptah, 241.
Puckle’s patent breech loader, 258, 259.
Puddling, 226, 227, 231.
Pug mills, 461.
Pullman car, 107.
Pulp, 275-279.
Pumps, 187.
Ptolemy, 428.
Puillet, 411.
Puy Guillaume, battle of, 1338, 253.
Pyramids, 34, 93.
Q.
Quadruplex telegraphy. (See Telegraphy.)
“Queen Ann’s Pocket Piece,” 256.
Queen of Sheba, 326.
Quern, 45.
Quilting machine, 324.
R.
Radcliffe, 305.
Radiation and radiators, 205, 206.
Railways, rails and tracks, 106, 108; cars, 108, 109; frogs, 108.
Railway cars, 436, 437.
Rakes. (See Agriculture.)
Ramage Press, 281.
Ramseye, David, 1630, 76.
Ramelli, Cardan, 75.
Ramsey, David, 1738, 168, 389.
Ram, water. (See Pumps.)
Randolph, David M., 367.
Randolph, Elder and Co., 440.
Ranges. (See Stoves.)
Range finder, 413.
Raphael, 418.
Rawhides. (See Leather.)
Read, Nathan, 1791, 87.
Reapers. (See Harvesters, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38.)
Reichenbach, 382.
Reis, Prof., 141, 407.
Refining metals, 227.
Refrigeration, 213, 214, 216.
Regenerators, 465.
Regenerative furnace. (See Metallurgy, also, 464.)
Registers, 395.
Regulators, Electric, 137; time, 137.
Rennie, 244.
Repeating watches, 389.
Reservoirs, 166, 180.
Resonators, 404.
Revault, 1605, 75.
Revolvers. (See Fire Arms.)
Rhode Island, 298.
Ribbon making, 306.
Rickel, Dr., 451.
Rider bridge, 103.
Riehle, testing mach., 398.
Rifles, 258, 259, 260.
Rifled cannon, 262, 263.
Ring frame-spinning, 302.
Ritter, 118, 121.
Riveting, 176.
Road carriage, steam, 83.
Roads, 106, 107.
Road making, 106.
Robia, Luca della, 459.
Robert, Louis, 276.
Roberts, 244.
Rock drilling, 107.
Rockers, ore, 235.
Rockets, 253.
Rodman, General, gun, 264.
Roebling, John A., engineer, 98, 99.
Roebling, Washington, 98, 100.
Roentgen, X rays, 149.
Rohes, M. Beau de, 189.
Rogers, Saml. B., metallurgist, 229, 230.
Rogers, type maker, 289.
Roller press, 283, 284.
Roman arts, inventions, etc., 10, 13, 14, 45, 93, 164, 166, 178, 202, 274, 457, 459.
Rookwood pottery, 467.
Romagnosi, G. D., 121.
Roscoe, Prof. (See Chemistry.)
Rose, H., 238.
Rotary engines. (See Steam.)
Rotary printing press, 284. (See Printing.)
Rotary pumps. (See Water and Steam Eng.)
Roving, spinning, 298, 299.
Rubber, 69, 434.
Ruhmkorff coil, 132.
Rumford, Count, 63.
Rumsey, James, 81, 168.
Russia, 40, 254, 430.
Russian leather, 362.
Rust, Saml., 282.
Ruth, 16.
S.
Sabot, projectiles, 262, 263.
Safes and locks, 420-427.
Safety valves, 87.
Saint, Thomas, sewing machine, 311.
Salman, scales maker, 396.
Salonen, 1807, mower, 36.
Samians and Samos, 459.
Sand blast, 332, 334, 475.
Sand filters. (See Filters.)
Sandwich, Earl, 1699, 25.
Saracens, 274.
Sarnstrom, Prof., 234.
Savery, Thos., 5, 77.
Saws, 340, 341, 342, 348, 351.
Saw mills, 341, 342.
Saxton, Jos., 131.
Scales, 395.
Scaliger, 183.
Scandinavians, 363.
Scarborough, 85.
Schilling, Baron, 126.
Schönbein, 270.
Schapper, Hartman, 241.
Schoeffer, Peter, 270.
Schreiber, 403.
Schrotter (matches), 200.
Schweigger, S. C., 126.
Scoops, 178.
Scotland, 19, 20, 33.
Scott, phonautograph, 141, 407.
Scott, Sir Walter, 45, 80.
Scott, Gen. W., 260.
Scott, Rich’d, 420.
Scouring machines. (See Leather and Cloth, and Grain.)
Screw, Archimedean. (See Ships and Propeller.)
Screw, press, 52.
Screw propeller, 85, 443.
Screw making, 245, 246.
Scythians, 362, 428.
Scythes, 32, 33, 35.
Seed drills, 24, 25, 26, 27.
Seely, F. A., 3.
Self-playing Instruments, 406.
Seguin, 83.
Sellers, Wm., 234, 247.
Separators, Grain, 48, 49; milk, 54; ore, 379. (See Mills.)
Seppings, Sir Robert, 440.
Serrin, 137.
Serviere, 166.
Seward, Wm. H., 3.
Seven Wonders, The, 34, 35.
Sewing machines, 311-323.
Sewer construction, 107.
Shades and screens, 356.
Shaping machines, 245.
Sharp’s carbine, 267.
Shaw, Joshua, 260.
Sheele, 415.
Sheet metal ware, 250.
Shells, 264.
Shingle making, 350.
Shinar, Brick making in, 457.
Ships, war, and others, 261, 343, 438-449.
Shoes and machinery, 365-371.
Sholes, inventor, type writing, 286.
Shrapnel, 259.
Shuttles, 293. (See Textiles.)
Sickle, 32, 33.
Side wheel steamboats, 85.
Siemens, Dr. Werner, 133.
Siemens, Wm., Sir., 144, 171.
Siemens and Halske, 144, 146.
Siemens, C. L., 147, 234, 465.
Silk making. (See Spinning.)
Silk, artificial. (See Glass.)
Silver, 219.
Singer, sewing machine, 319, 320.
Sinking shafts, Mode of, 106, 107.
Skiving. (See Leather.)
Slade, J. T., 155.
Slater, Thomas, 298.
Slaughtering, 55.
Sleighs, 430, 431.
Slide, rest, 243, 349.
Slotting machines, 245.
Small arms, 266. (See Ordnance.)
Small, Jas., 1784, 18.
Smeaton, 87, 105.
Smelting, 220. (See Metallurgy.)
Smiles, Self Help, 95.
Smith & Wesson, revolvers, 269.
Snellus, 234.
Snow ploughs, 109.
Soda, pulp, 278.
Solarmeter, 413.
Solomon’s temple, 242.
Somerset, Marquis of Worcester. (See Steam.)
Sound, 406. (See Acoustics.)
Sowing, 23.
Spanish inventions, 25, 75, 253, 274, 280, 292.
Spectacles. (See Optics.)
Spectrum, analysis, 60, 61, 62, 63, 412.
Spectroscope, 2, 412.
Speed Indicators, 396.
Spencer, gun, 267.
Spencer, metal coating, 249.
Spinet, 402.
Spinning, 6, 292, 296, 300. (See Textiles.)
“Spinning Jenny,” 297.
Spinning Mule, 297, 300.
“Spiritalia,” 404.
Splitting, leather, 366.
Spooling, 302.
Springfield musket, 268.
Spun glass. (See Spinning and 474.)
Stamp mills and metal working, 236, 250.
Standard time, 394.
Stanhope, Earl, 282.
St. Gothard tunnel, 107.
St. Louis bridge, 102.
Steam engines, 2, 5, 73 to 95; boilers, 86; heating, 207; pumps, 79, 81, 88.
Steam ships, 2, 84, 85, 440.
Stearns, 145.
Steel, manufacture of. (See Metallurgy.)
Steinheil, 126, 412.
Steinway, pianos, 403.
Stenographing, 290.
Stereoscope, 410, 411.
Stereotyping, 281.
Sterilisation, 54, 213.
Stephenson, Geo., 82, 83, 84, 85, 98.
Stephenson, Robert, 98, 100, 101, 155.
Stevens, John C., 84, 85, 86, 443.
Stevinus, 166.
Stitching machines. (See Sewing.)
Stocking making, 307.
Stone cutting, carving and dressing, 374, 375.
Stone crushing, 376.
Stone, artificial, 468.
Storage battery, 120.
Storm, W. M. (Gunpowder Engine,) 192.
Store service, 152, 153, 158, 159.
Stoves, 200-206.
Street, Robert, 185.
Street sweeping, 331.
Stow, 350.
Stückofen, metallurgy, 224.
Sturgeon, inventor, 122, 123, 124.
Sturtevant, B. F. (shoes), 368.
Submarine blasting, etc., 107.
Suez canal, 107.
Sugar, 69.
Sun-dial, 384.
Subdivision of labor, 392. (See Ordnance and Sewing Machines.)
Surgery and instruments, 70.
Suspension bridges, 95, 96-100.
Swan, light, 137.
Sweden, 266.
Sweeping machines, 331.
Swiss manufactures, (See Watches, etc.)
Switzerland, 16, 46, 391.
Symington, 81, 83, 85.
Syphon recorder, 139.
T.
T-rail, 108.
Tables, 354. (See Furniture.)
Tachenius, 58.
Tack making, 344.
Tainter, C. S., 408, 414.
Takamine, 68.
Talus, or Perdix, saw inventor, 340.
Tanning. (See Leather.)
Tapestry, 275.
Teasling, 306.
Tedders, 40.
Telegraph, 124-128, 139, 140.
Telegraphic pictures, 419.
Telephone, 2, 140, 141, 142, 406.
Telescope, 2, 409.
Telpherage, 144.
Telford, 95, 96.
Tennyson, 67.
Tesla, 145.
Testing machines, 398.
Textiles, 292-309.
Thermo-electricity, 112, 120.
Theodore of Samos, 340.
Thimonnier, 313.
Thomson, Sir Wm., 63, 139.
Thompson, Robt. Wm., 433, 435.
Thompson & Houston, 137.
“Three color process,” 417.
Thread making. (See Spinning.)
Threshing machines, 40, 41.
Throstle, 296.
Thurston, Prof. R. H., 86.
Tiles, 350.
Tilghman, B. F., sand blast, 332, 475.
Time locks, 425.
Time measuring of the ancients, 384.
Tissier, 238.
Tobacco and machinery, 55, 56, 57.
Tools, primitive, 310, 328, 339.
Torpedo vessels, 271, 445.
Torpedoes, 271.
Torricelli, 166, 183.
Tour, Cagniard de la, 65.
Towne’s lattice bridge, 103.
Traction railways and engines, 436.
Transplanters, 29.
Transportation, 107, 109.
Treadwell, Daniel, 284.
Tresca, M., 247.
Trevithick, Richard, 81, 82.
Tripler, C. E., liquid air, 216.
Trolley lines. (See Electric, etc.)
Trough batteries. (See Electricity.)
Truss bridges, 102, 103.
Tubal Cain, 218, 239.
Tubes and tubing, making, 248.
Tubular bridges, 100, 102.
Tull, Jethro, 1680-1740, 14, 25.
Tungsten. (See Metals.)
Tunnels, 106, 107.
Turbines, 89, 168, 171, 172.
Turning, Art of, 242, 339, 344.
Tusser, Thomas, 14.
Tweddle, 176.
Twine binders. (See Harvesters.)
Twinings (inventor, refrigerator), 215.
Tympanum, 164.
Tyndall, John, 411, 412.
Type, 280, 281.
Type Distributor, 279.
Type setter, 278, 279.
Type writers, 6, 286.