part i

. p. 12.

[12] _Oeuvres complètes de Fresnel_ (Paris, 1866). (The researches were published between 1815 and 1827.)

[13] _Ann. Phys. Chem._ (1883), 18, p. 663.

[14] H. A. Lorentz, _Zittingsversl. Akad. v. Wet. Amsterdam, 4_ (1896), p. 176.

[15] H. A. Lorentz, _Abhandlungen über theoretische Physik_, 1 (1907), p. 415.

[16] Clerk Maxwell, _A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism_ (Oxford, 1st ed., 1873).

[17] H. Abraham, _Rapports présentés au congrès de physique de 1900_ (Paris), 2, p. 247.

[18] Ibid., p. 225.

[19] _Phil. Trans._, 175 (1884), p. 343.

[20] _Ann. d. Phys. u. Chem._ 155 (1875), p. 403.

[21] Ibid. 153 (1874), p. 525.

[22] _Ann. d. Phys_. 11 (1903), p. 873.

[23] _Phys. Review_, 13 (1901), p. 293.

[24] _Hertz, Untersuchungen über die Ausbreitung der elektrischen Kraft_ (Leipzig, 1892).

[25] A. Righi, _L'Ottica delle oscillazioni elettriche_ (Bologna, 1897); P. Lebedew, _Ann. d. Phys. u. Chem._, 56 (1895), p. 1.

[26] "Reflection and Refraction," _Trans. Cambr. Phil. Soc._ 7, p. 1 (1837); "Double Refraction," ibid. p. 121 (1839).

[27] "Double Refraction," _Ann. d. Phys. u. Chem._ 25 (1832), p. 418; "Crystalline Reflection," _Abhandl. Akad. Berlin_ (1835), p. 1.

[28] _Trans. Irish Acad._ 21, "Science," p. 17 (1839).

[29] _Math. and Phys. Papers_ (London, 1890), 3, p. 466.

[30] Helmholtz, _Ann. d. Phys. u. Chem._, 154 (1875), p. 582.

[31] H. A. Lorentz, _Versuch einer Theorie der elektrischen u. optischen Erscheinungen in bewegten Körpern_ (1895) (Leipzig, 1906); J. Larmor, _Aether and Matter_ (Cambridge, 1900).

LIGHTFOOT, JOHN (1602-1675), English divine and rabbinical scholar, was the son of Thomas Lightfoot, vicar of Uttoxeter, Staffordshire, and was born at Stoke-upon-Trent on the 29th of March 1602. His education was received at Morton Green near Congleton, Cheshire, and at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he was reckoned the best orator among the undergraduates. After taking his degree he became assistant master at Repton in Derbyshire; after taking orders he was appointed curate of Norton-under-Hales in Shropshire. There he attracted the notice of Sir Rowland Cotton, an amateur Hebraist of some distinction, who made him his domestic chaplain at Bellaport. Shortly after the removal of Sir Rowland to London, Lightfoot, abandoning an intention to go abroad, accepted a charge at Stone in Staffordshire, where he continued for about two years. From Stone he removed to Hornsey, near London, for the sake of reading in the library of Sion College. His first published work, entitled _Erubhin, or Miscellanies, Christian and Judaical, penned for recreation at vacant hours_, and dedicated to Sir R. Cotton, appeared at London in 1629. In September 1630 he was presented by Sir R. Cotton to the rectory of Ashley in Staffordshire, where he remained until June, 1642, when he went to London, probably to superintend the publication of his next work, _A Few and New Observations upon the Book of Genesis: the most of them certain; the rest, probable; all, harmless, strange and rarely heard of before_, which appeared at London in that year. Soon after his arrival in London he became minister of St Bartholomew's church, near the Exchange; and in 1643 he was appointed to preach the sermon before the House of Commons on occasion of the public fast of the 29th of March. It was published under the title of _Elias Redivivus_, the text being Luke i. 17; in it a parallel is drawn between the Baptist's ministry and the work of reformation which in the preacher's judgment was incumbent on the parliament of his own day.

Lightfoot was also one of the original members of the Westminster Assembly; his "Journal of the Proceedings of the Assembly of Divines from January 1, 1643 to December 31, 1644," now printed in the thirteenth volume of the 8vo edition of his _Works_, is a valuable historical source for the brief period to which it relates. He was assiduous in his attendance, and, though frequently standing almost or quite alone, especially in the Erastian controversy, he exercised a material influence on the result of the discussions of the Assembly. In 1643 Lightfoot published _A Handful of Gleanings out of the Book of Exodus_, and in the same year he was made master of Catharine Hall by the parliamentary visitors of Cambridge, and also, on the recommendation of the Assembly, was promoted to the rectory of Much Munden in Hertfordshire; both appointments he retained until his death. In 1644 was published in London the first instalment of the laborious but never completed work of which the full title runs _The Harmony of the Four Evangelists among themselves, and with the Old Testament, with an explanation of the chiefest difficulties both in Language and Sense:

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