book 2
, cap. i. where a maiden comes girt with a sword, that no one could pull out but the poor knight Balin.
[25] This man-eating being was said to be something like a very big and mighty man, and was to be found in waste places. He was generally dressed in a white coat, with a silver belt round his waist, from which hung a silver-hafted knife, and a great many silver ornaments. He was exceedingly stupid, and the butt of Gudnavirucak. (Ashiepattle) They were probably nothing more than the old Vikings, and Stallo is thought to be derived from "Staalmanden," or men dressed in steel (Lapp, _staale_ = steel).
[26] Cf. _Grimm_, "The Three Sons of Fortune," i. p. 291.
[27] I have heard similar stories amongst the peasants in Flanders.
[28] The magpie is an important bird in folk-belief, and Swedish peasants say you must not kill it lest it be a troll in disguise as in this story. If they build in a house it is a sign of luck; if in the fields and come to the house and laugh, woe be to the house.
[29] Cf. Amelia Ferrier, _A Winter in Morocco_, p. 172, _et seq_.
[30] It is curious that the Magyar word for a marriageable girl, "eladó leány," also means "a girl for sale."
[31] In old times in Finland, a "spokesman" used to go beforehand to the girl, in order to find out whether the young man was likely to be acceptable. Cf. Scheffer, _The History of Lapland_. London, 1751, p. 71; and Boner, _Transylvania_, p. 488.
[32] "Given the basket:" in Finland the same phrase is used. Cf. the English phrase, "to give the sack."
[33] Cf. Note to "Handsome Paul," p. 317, _ante_.
[34] In the Russian Church there are two distinct services, which are performed at the same time, the "betrothal" when rings are given and exchanged, and the "coronation." Lansdell, _Through Siberia_, vol. i. p. 168.
[35] Cf. Denton, _Serbian Folk-Lore_, p. 205.
[36] Cf. this with the Finnish "bride-dresser," who looked after the bride's toilette, even providing the necessary dresses if the girl did not possess them.
[37] See Scotch "feetwashing," _Folk-Lore of North-East Scotland_; Folk-Lore Society, p. 89. In Finland, before a wedding, the friends of the bridegroom-elect invite to a party, which is called the "bachelor's funeral," at which he is oftentimes carried on a sofa shoulder-high as a mock funeral.
[38] The royal Hungarian bodyguard wear leopard-skins clasped with silver buckles.
[39] I have heard of racing for ribbons, &c., at weddings in Yorkshire; and of young men racing home from the church to tell the good folk at home that the marriage was _un fait accompli_. Cf. Napier, _Folk-Lore_, p. 49, and _Henderson_, p. 37.
[40] A remain of the marriage by force. Vámbéry notes the existence of this amongst the Turkomans. The bride's door in Transylvania is often locked, and the bridegroom has to climb over; or sometimes he has to chase her, and catch her: _Boner_, p. 491. Cf. also _Tissot_, vol. i. p. 94; _Scheffer_, p. 75; Gilmour, _Among the Mongols_, p. 259; _Napier_, p. 50.
[41] For accounts of English wedding-feasts in the north, see Sykes' _Local Records_, Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1833, vol. i. pp. 194, 205, 209.
[42] The vizier's daughter is displayed in seven dresses in the story of "Noureddin Ali of Cairo, and his son Bedreddin Hassan": Payne's _Arabian Nights_, vol. i. pp. 192-194. And in old times the brides in Japan changed their dress three to five times during the ceremony: Mitford, _Tales of Old Japan_, p. 370.
[43] Cf. _Lappbönder, Skildringar Sägner och sagor från Södra Lappland_. af. P. A. Lindholm, p. 89.
_Fra Finmarken. Friis_, ("Laila" in S.P.C.K. translation), cap. xi.
Dancing the crown off the bride in Finland. See "A Finnish wedding in the olden times." _Notes and Queries_, 6th s. x. p. 489.
They cut the long hair off the Saxon brides in Transylvania; and in Spain, when the bride goes to her bedroom, the young unmarried men unloose her garter.
Just as in our land old shoes are thrown after the bride when she leaves home, and never matter how they fall, or how young relatives batter the backs of bride and bridegroom with aged slippers, you must not _look back_: so they say in Holderness, at least. The sumptuary laws of Hamburg of 1291, enacted that the bridegroom should present his bride with a pair of shoes. According to Grimm, when the bride put the shoe on her foot it was a sign of her subjection. (Boner, _Transylvania_, p. 491). See old Jewish custom, _Rath_. iv. 7.
See also _Napier_, p. 53, where he refers to the Grecian custom of removing the bride's coronet and putting her to bed.
Henderson, _Folk-Lore of Northern Counties_, pp. 36, 37, 42.
Aubrey, _Remains of Gentilisme_, Folk-Lore Society, p. 173.
Gregor, _Folk-Lore of North-East of Scotland_, pp. 96, 100.
[44] From a paper read before the Hungarian Historical Society, by Baron Béla Radvánszky, on Feb. 1st, 1883; Cf. _A magyar csalàdi èlet a_ xv. _es_ xvi. _szàzadban_, by the same author.
Cf. Tissot, _Unknown Hungary_, vol. i. p. 227.
Boner, _Transylvania_, pp. 488-495.
Fagerlund, _Anteckningar om Korpo och Houtskärs Socknar_, Helsingfors, 1878, p. 42.
_Lindholm_, "Ett bondbröllop," p. 86; and "Ett lappbröllop," p. 91.
[45] Laulu Lapista.
[46] See also Swedish Songs in Du Chaillu, _Land of the Midnight Sun_, vol. ii. p. 424.
[47] Cf. another group of stories, where trouble comes from the advice of those at home, such as _Dasent_, "East o' the Sun, and West o' the Moon," p. 29; _Afanassieff_, vol. vii. No. 15, and "Cupid and Psyche," see also notes to "The Speaking Grapes, &c." in this collection.
[48] Cf. _Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii_ by the Baron Sigismund von Herberstein. London, 1852. (Hakluyt Soc.) vol. ii. pp. 46 _et seq_.
[49] _Untersuchungen zur Erläuterung der ältesten Geschichte Russlands._ St. Petersburg. 1806.
[50] Loc. cit.
[51] Cf. Hunfalvy Pál, _Magyarország Ethnographiája_. Budapest. 1876. chap. 41.
[52] _Notes and Queries_, 7th S. ii. pp. 110, 111.
[53] Cf. also, _Folk-Lore Record_. 1879, p. 121; _Gesta Romanorum_, "The Knight and the Necromancer;" _Records of the Past_, vol. i. p. 136. "Tablet V."; Rink, _Tales and Traditions of the Eskimo_, p. 302; and Leland, _The Gipsies_, p. 159, where we are told gipsies object to having their photographs taken unless you give them a shoe-string.
[54] _Magyar Népmeséinkröl_ in the _Kisfaludy Társaság évlapjai_. New Series iv. p. 146.
[55] A Worcestershire woman told the writer that she had a nephew born with a caul, and when he was at the point of death it became quite moist.
[56] The Csángós are Magyar settlers in Moldavia; they are now assisted to return to Hungary by the Government. This story is told of the feud between two races. There are others which strike off the characteristics of neighbouring races, such as the story of the angels, current in Hungary, which is as follows:--
When Adam and Eve fell, God sent Gabriel, the Magyar angel, to turn them out of the garden of Eden. Adam and his wife received him most courteously, and most hospitably offered him food and drink. Gabriel had a kind heart, and took pity on them. He was too proud to accept any hospitality from them, as he did not consider it quite the right thing. So he returned to the Deity, and begged that somebody else should be sent to evict the poor couple, as he had not the heart to do it. Whereupon Raphael, the Roumanian angel, was sent, who was received and treated by Adam and Eve in like manner. He, however, was not above a good dinner, and having finished, he informed the couple of the purpose of his coming. The two thereupon began to cry, which so mollified Raphael that he returned to his Master, and begged Him to send some one else, as he could not very well turn them out after having enjoyed their hospitality. So Michael, the German angel, was sent, and was treated as the others. He sat down to a sumptuous meal, and when the last morsel of food had disappeared, and the last drop of liquor was drained, he rose from the table, and, addressing the host and hostess said, "Now then, out you go!" and the poor couple, though they cried most pitifully and begged hard to be allowed to remain, were cruelly turned out of the garden of Eden. See Arany's collection.
[57] The mound was opened in 1870, and found to contain bones.
[58] As late as 1875, a farmer near Mariestad buried a cow alive, upon disease breaking out in his herd. See also _Contemporary Review_, Feb. 1878, "Field and Forest Myths," p. 528, "Within the last few years, at least one Russian peasant has been known to sacrifice a poor relation in hopes of staying an epidemic."
[59] I heard this story again the other day in South Lincolnshire.
[60] Remains of a Roman camp near Brocklesby.
[61] Vide _A History of the County of Lincoln_. By the author of _The Histories of London, Yorkshire, Lambeth, &c. &c._ London and Lincoln: John Saunders gent., 1834.
[62] Boswell's _Variorum Edition of Shakespeare_, vii. pp. 162, 163.
[63] "Prince Unexpected." _Folk Lore Record_, 1884, p. 10.
[64] Cf. Lion Bruno. _Folk Lore Record_, 1878, p. 209.
[65] See Ralston's "Beauty and the Beast" in _The 19th Century_, December, 1878.
[66] In "The Raksha's Palace" in the same work, p. 203, the young princess found "the skeleton of a poor old beggar-woman, who had evidently died from want and poverty. The princess took the skin and washed it, and drew it over her own lovely face and neck, as one draws a glove on one's hand."
[67] The giant who demands human flesh of his wife, and the giantess who has only one eye in the middle of her forehead, are proofs of the foreign origin of this tale.
[68] See p. 340 _ante_.
[69] Ruobba, or Gudnavirũs, _i. e._ scurfy skull, is the Lapp for Ashiepattle. See "Jætten og Veslegutten," _Friis_.
[70] See note, vol. i. p. 407.
[71] _The Death of Dermid_, by Ferguson, may also be compared. Where the hero is slain by the envenomed bristle piercing his foot. For this part of the poem, vide _Dublin Magazine_, 1868, p. 594.
[72] See p. 335, _ante_.
[73] The witch's daughter in the "Two Orphans" is lame of one foot. See p. 221.
[74] There is a curious tale of a relation of my own who was popularly said to be able to cure people of ague by going to a thorn and shaking while she said: "Shake, good tree, shake for So-and-so," and then the disease fled. I have heard that the good old dame was herself always very ill after this operation. The hanging of a lock of hair on a tree, I presume, was understood to be the same as taking the afflicted person to the tree.
[75] See also another Lapp tale, "Haccis Ædne." _Notes and Queries_, 7th s. ii. Aug. 7, 1886.
[76] I have often had this tale told to me by my nurse when a child, and heard the following version a short time ago in Holderness, and was informed it had been told thus for ages: "There was a stepmother who was very unkind to her stepdaughter and very kind to her own daughter; and used to send her stepdaughter to do all the dirty work. One day she sent her to the pump for some water when a little frog came up through the sink and asked her not to pour dirty water down, as his drawing-room was there. So she did not, and as a reward he said pearls and diamonds should drop from her mouth when she spoke. When she returned home it happened as he said; and the step-mother, learning how it had come about, sent her own daughter to the pump. When she got there the little frog spoke to her and asked her not to throw dirty water down, and she replied "Oh! you nasty, dirty little thing, I won't do as you ask me." Then the frog said "Whenever you speak frogs, and toads, and snakes shall drop from your mouth." She went home and it happened as the frog had said. At night when they were sitting at the table a little voice was heard singing outside--
"Come bring me my supper,[A] My own sweet, sweet one."
When the step-daughter went to the door there was the little frog. She brought him in in spite of her step-mother; took him on her knee and fed him with bits from her plate. After a while he sang
"Come, let us go to bed, My own sweet, sweet one."
So, unknown to her step-mother, she laid him at the foot of her bed, as she said he was a poor, harmless thing. Then she fell asleep and forgot all about him. Next morning there stood a beautiful prince, who said he had been enchanted by a wicked fairy and was to be a frog till a girl would let him sleep with her. They were married, and lived happily in his beautiful castle ever after." This is one of the few folk-stories I have been able to collect from the lips of a living story-teller in England.
[A] There is a traditional air to which these lines are always sung.
[77] See also notes in the Introduction.
[78] There is a similar incident in _Grimm_, "The Sea Hare," where a fox changes himself by dipping in a spring.
[79] In Finland they say that if two persons shake hands across the threshold they will quarrel. In East Bothnia, when the cows are taken out of their winter quarters for the first time, an iron bar is laid before the threshold, over which all the cows must pass, for if they do not, there will be nothing but trouble with them all the following summer. Cf. _Suomen Muinaismuisto Yhdistyksen Aikakauskirja_, v. p. 99.
[80] On entering a house, especially a royal house, it is improper to use the _left_ foot on first stepping into it; one must "put one's best (or right) foot foremost." Malagasy Folk-Lore, p. 37. _Folk-Lore Record_ 1879.
[81] The "párta" is a head-dress worn by unmarried women only, in the shape of a "diadem" of the ancients in silk, satin, or velvet, and generally embroidered
[82] Cf. p. 365 _ante_.
[83] Cf. Gerll, Volksmärchen der Böhmen, "Die Goldene Ente."
[84] See also _Folk-Lore Record_, 1879, "Old Ballad Folk-Lore," pp. 110, 111.
[85] Myling, myring, or myrding generally means the ghost of a murdered person.
[86] Arany says he dare not accept the collection from which this story is taken for scientific purposes, as Merényi has drawn very liberally on his own imagination.
[87] _S. ja T._ iii. "Pienempiä Eläin-jutun katkelmia," p. 37. The whole of the Finnish beast stories are most interesting, and the resemblance in many cases to the negro variants in _Uncle Remus_ very striking.
INDEX.
Acorn, magic growth of [Jack and the Beanstalk incident], 146, 388
Age of giants, xxix.
----, hero grows old in his travels, 107
Agricultural, xli., see "plough"
Agriculture, giants' dislike of, xxviii.
Ague, cure for, 403
Allegorical story, 91-95
Alligator in Serbian folk-lore, 325
American Indians, folk-tales quoted, 364
---- notions of, as to dreams, 376
Ananci folk-tales, quoted, 379, 394
Angels, allegory of, 93
Animal superstitions, lx-lxiii.
Animals, grateful, assistance by, 158, 160, 249, 303-306, 323, 342, 371, 373, 374, 384, 392, 409
----, king of the, 106-107, 108
----, language of, 301, 421-422
----, magic, in service of fairies, xxxiii.
----, marriage of, with human beings, 225
----, sacrifice of, to stay the plague, 381
---- servants, 111
---- skins of, worn at Magyar weddings, 367
----, witch's life contained in, 205
----, &c., transformation of, into human beings, see "boy," "eagles," "falcon," "fish," "horses," "mares," "pig," "pigeons," "oranges," "snake"
Anthony's (St.) fire, cure for, xlix.
Apple, castle transformed into, 74, 247, 248, 353
---- smiling, 130
Apple tree, miraculous growth of, 11
Apricot, tinkling, 130
Arabian folk-tales, quoted, 381
_Arabian Nights_, quoted, 347, 352, 353, 355, 360, 362, 364, 368, 371, 375, 377, 389, 392, 395, 396, 400, 402, 406, 408, 415, 418
Argilus and Helen, story of, 345
Árpád, the founder of modern Hungary, viii.
Arrow, shooting of, as test of strength, 120
_Arthur, morte d'_, quoted, 351, 352
Ashes, strewed, used for finding way through forest, 145
---- (house), youngest brother sits among, 97
Asia, migration from, into Europe, viii.
Assembly of the giants, xxix.
Astronomy superstitions, lxiv.
Attila, conquest of Hungary by, vii.
----, story of, quoted, 342
Austrian folk-tales quoted, 370
Avaricious, allegory of the, 94
Avars, ethnology of, x.
Baa-lambs (the), story-title, 90-95
Bachelors' funeral at Magyar weddings, 367
Bædnag-njudne, giant beings, Lapp, 340
Bag which never gets full, 141
Baptism, allegory of unbaptised children, 94
Basket, to give the, that is to dismiss, Magyar, 366
Bath used to produce youthfulness, 110, 349
Bathing custom in Hungary, 308
Bathing in mare's milk, task set hero, 276
Bathing of fairy maidens, 101
Battlefields, silver and copper, created for fighting, 349
Battles, legends of, in Lincolnshire, 382
Beanstalk (Jack) parallel incident, 146, 388
Beating of wife, story incident, 23
Beauty, delicate skin a feature of, 354
Beauty and beast stories, 385
Bed, Madeys, devils dread, Slavonic tale, 310
Bede (St.), well of, at Jarrow, 373
Bees, assistance of, to hero, 153
----, honey brought by, restores life, 374
Beetles, witch's life and power contained in, 205
Beggar character in story helps hero, 251
Beggar's presents, story of, 161-163
Bells, church, ringing of, a hero-task, 228-229
Bells, magic, in giant assemblies, xxix.
Belt, strength-giving, 353
Berries, youth-giving qualities of, 373
Betrothal in Magyar marriage, 366
Bible quoted, 375, 411
Biblical characters, see "God," "Joseph," "Peter"
Birds having power to restore youth, 251
----, hero transforms himself into, 286
----, iron, made alive by hero's singing, 317
----, leading of hero by, 99; carrying of hero by, 108-109
----, enticing of boys by, 362
----, hero assisted by, 201, 249
----, moral rebuke by, 20
Birth, signs of luck at, 120
Black, colour of the giants, xxx.
---- cloth, town draped in, 374
Blindness, cure for, in story incident, 37; by mud from well, 152
Blood flowing from finger post sign of disaster, 257
----, human, wine mixed with, 121
---- letting for restoration to life, 344
---- stains, indelible, 125, 382
Blood feud, incident, Arabian nights, 360
Blowing upon wound to heal, 95
Blue Beard incidents, 129, 383
Blue cross, hero changed to, on divulging secret, 314
Bohemian folk-tales, quoted, 323
Boiling skull with millet seed used as omen, 279
Bones, human, hatched by crow, 299
---- of boy collected by sister, 299
----, skeleton, miraculous joining of scattered, 12
Boy killed for dinner by mother, 298
Boy who could not shiver nor shake, type story, 228-232
Bramble, dragon's wife takes form of, 202
Bread, operation of making, used as story incident, 79
Breathing on old things, causes change, 349
Bridal customs, Magyar, 365
Bride, false, given to prince, 214
----, gipsy personates, 214
Bride-capture, evidence of, Magyar, 366, 368; Palócz, 413, 414
---- and pursuit, story incident, 32-35
----, symbolic customs representing, 369
Bride purchase, evidence of, Magyar, 365
Bridges, fights between hero and dragon, on, 199-201
----, in folk-tales, 399
---- of copper, silver, and gold, 64, 196; of gold, 74
Britain, Teutonic conquest of, xi.
Britanny, were-wolves, 344
Brocklesby, Roman camp near, Lincolnshire, 382
Broom, red hot, ridden by witch to pursue hero, 273
---- seller, story character, 22
Brothers, elder, separate from hero on journey, 257
Brothers, three, story title, 152-154
Brothers and sisters, marriage of, 137
Brush, used as obstacle to pursuit of hero, 160
Building, immuration during, 376-377
Building legends, 333-334
Bulgarians, origin of, xiii.
Bullet, magic, to kill a giant, xxx.
Bullocks with gilt horns, roasted at Magyar weddings, 367
Bulls used for rescuing treasure, 405
Burial feasts, 370
Cake, hero shares with beggar, 252
----, millet, used in story incident, 28-29
Cakes made with woman's milk, 379
Cannibalism, 25, 352, 388-389, 403
Cannibal-giant story character, 25
Cannibal-man in Lapp stories, 352
Castle built by magical command, 16
---- built and inhabited by fairies, xxxv.-xxxvi.
---- built by giants, xxvii.
---- turned into golden apple, 206, 247
---- weeping and laughing, 409
Cat, accompanies hero, 258
----, a servant of fairies, xxxiii.
Cat, the lazy, story title, 23-25, 317
----, troll, 346
----, witches assume the shape of xli.
Cataract, cure for, xlviii.
Cats, witch's carriage drawn by, 204
Caul, superstition as to being born with, 378
Caves as the haunts of fairies, xxxvii.
Caves, the three, riddle solved by hero, 259
Changed bride incident in folk tales, 386
Chap-books, xx.
Chapel and hermit, pursued heroine and hero turn themselves into, 33
Charitable (the) allegory of, 94
Charles XI., legend of, 381
Charming, fairy means of, xxxiii.
Charms, singing, used for restoration of life, 341
Chest, magic, incident in folk-tales, 401
Child, first-born, dedication to devil, 7, 189, 384
Child-marriage incident, 80
"Child born to be a King" type stories, 307-309
Children, substitution of, xlv., 52
Children's rhymes, Cumanian, xvi.
Chopping, symbolic action of, for cure of wrist disease, 332
Christ, _see_ "God."
Christianity, influence of, on folk-tales, xx., xl.
Christmas customs, li.
Church building legends, 333-334
Church to be built in one night task set heroine, 193
Church, heroine takes form of, 194
----, youth-giving bird kept in, 259
Church bells, ringing of, task of hero, 228-229
Church marriage, 4, 7
Cinder Jack, story title, 149-152
Cinderella incident occurring with hero, 97, 150; with heroine, 148; in folk-tales, 207-216, 389
Cinders, burning, drop from devil's hair, 192
Clan feuds, Lincolnshire, 382
Cloak given to hero for singing, 299
----, giving power of invisibility to its wearer, 141
----, giving power to transport wearer to any place, 156
Cloth, magic, provides food, 161
Clothes, stealing of fairy maiden's, 101
Club, used by giant for killing, 11
----, magic fighting, 162
Coachman, King's, hero takes service as, 270
Cock, a servant of fairies, xxxiii.
----, crowing of, good omen, 213
----, iron, on spire, in story incident, 42
----, lesson taught by, 301
----, red, accompanies hero, 259
Cock-crow, devils disappear at, 37
----, means of getting rid of ghost, 282
College, hero's attendance at, 7, 59
Constantinople, St. Sophia, blood stains at, 382
Cooking, methods alluded to, 30
Copper bridge, dragon's home near, 196, 199
---- forest, 388
---- objects used in story incidents, 2, 28, 31, 40, 61, 78, 142, 150
Corn, Finnish method of drying, 315.
Cornish folk-lore, 349
---- wells, 373
Corpse assists ghost to find bride, 282
Cosmogony, tales dealing with, 375-376
Cottele on the Tamar, blood-stains at, 382
Cotton as a clew to find way out of thicket, 144
Count's daughter, the, story-title, 127-130
Country inhabited by lions and wolves, 189, 195
Cramp, cure for, xlix.
Cray-fish in story incident, 84
Cripple, cure for, in story incident, 37
Cromwell, battles attributed to, 382
Crow assists hero in fight with dragon, 201
---- hatches bones of boy, 299
Crow's nest, story title, 298-301
Crutch sticks given to hero for singing, 300
Csabor Ur, story title, 123-125
Csángós, Magyar settlers in Moldavia, 380
----, origin of the, xv.
Csihan, Prince, story title, 1-6; notes to story, 303-306
Cuchulaiun, story of, quoted, 348
Cumanians, origin of the, xv.-xvi.
Cumberland wells, 373
Curry-comb, used as obstacle to pursuit of hero, 160
Curse of oblivion, 321-322
Dances, wedding, 104-105
Dancing, caused by flute, 13-15
---- fairy, xxxiv. 143
Danish folk-tales quoted, 306, 324, 334, 355, 401
Daughters, king ill-using, 288
---- of witch, mares till nightfall, 159
Dawn, as story character, 42
Dawn and night, tying up of, in folk-tales, 326
Days of the week, xlix.
Death cured by magic orange, 156
---- in equalled with sleep, 374
---- personification of, as story character, 82
---- sign of, to three brothers on adventure, 55; superstition, 403
---- (sudden) penalty for telling secret, 301
Death superstitions, xlix.
Deception as to birth of prince during king's absence, 335-338
Deer, brother of heroine transformed into, 221
Devil and the Red Cap, story title, 226-228
---- and the Three Slovac lads, story title, 126-127
---- and the King, story title, 188-195
"Devil with three golden hairs," Finnish variant of, 310
Devil carries off corpse from gallows, 289
---- carries off girls, 288
---- construction of road by, xxxvi.
---- conversations of, overheard, story incident, 37
---- dedication of first child to, 7, 189, 384
---- helps king to find game, 189
---- personates hero, 226
---- use of the word 346
---- son of, helps heroine to escape devil, 192
Devils marry sisters of hero, 288
---- used for carrying out magical commands, 27
Devonshire, Cottele on the Tamar, blood-stains at, 382
Dew, at Friday's new moon, used for cure of blindness, 37
Dew, healing powers of, 322, 416
---- St. John's Day, properties of, 392
Diamond, brought by fox to hero, 2
---- castle, the light of Hades, 68; abode of giant, 71
---- horse-shoe nails, used by hero, 68
Dissemination of folk-tales, causes of, xxi.
Doctor, successful, story incident, 83, 138
Dog, faithful, in folk-tales, 402
----, kissing of hero by, causes oblivion, 322
---- lungs and liver of, given instead of heroine's, 182
Doghead, story character, 70
Dogheaded Tartars, 118
---- people, xx., 377-378
Dragon, sacrifice of virgin to, 112, 374
---- milk of, 409; horse fed on, 252
Dragons devouring human beings, 196
----, pursuing devils take form of, 195
----, slain by three princes, story incident, 41, 199-201 247, 248
----, used for carrying out magical commands, 16, 78
----, when defeated vomiting lads they had swallowed, 197
Drawing of object on the ground, magic powers of, 370
Dream of hero _raison d'être_ of story, 233
Dream-books, 376
Dreams obviate the curse of forgetfulness, 35; importance of in misfortune, 120
Dreams, three, story title 117-123
Dress, fairy, stealing of, to secure bride, 101; losing of, gives power of escape to fairy bride, 105
Dresses, wedding, among the Magyars, 368
Drink, enchanted, causes oblivion, 321
---- customs, lxviii.
Drowning of devils when pursuing heroine, 195
Drugging hero's wine by witch, 253, 254, 255
Duck, gold, heroine transformed into, 214, 402
---- silver, devil's son takes form of, 195
Dust, figures drawn in, come to life, 103, 104
Dutch witchcraft, 343
Dwarf, assistance to heroine by, 47
---- outwits strong men, 245, 246
Eagle, pursuing-father takes the form of, 32, 33
Earthenware pot, skull boiled in, used to obtain news of lover, 279
Eating taboo, 9
Egg (black) presented to hero by fairy godmother, 197
Egyptian story quoted, 340, 341, 400
Eldest brother hero of tale, 262-277
Elk, coffin of heroine, carried about by, 174
---- with gold and silver hairs in Russian story, 304
Embroidery, an occupation of the fairies, xxxiv.
Enchantment by spitting, 395
English folk-tales, quoted, 354, 356, 360, 383, 396, 404, 406
Envious sisters, story title, 49-54
Epilepsy, cures for, xlviii.
Eskimo folk-tales quoted, 331, 341, 362, 363, 364, 375, 386, 387, 389, 391, 393, 400, 408, 411
Esthonian folk-tales quoted, 326
Ethnology of giants in Magyar folk-lore, xxvi., xxviii.
---- of Hungary, viii.
Ewe, hero suckled by, 244
Executioner, functionary at a wedding, 303
Eye in forehead, giantess with, 146
Eye, one, monster, 388
Eyes, affection of, story incident, 59
Eyes of King unlike each other, _raison d'être_ of story, 250
Eye-sight restored by herb, 322
Fairies in Magyar folk-lore, xxxii-xl.
Fairies, marriage of, with the giants, xxix.
----, descent of witches from, xli.
Fairies' well, youth-giving water from, 289
Fairies' well, story title, 288
Fairy dancing, 142
Fairy Elizabeth, story title, 95-110
Fairy godmother, present from, to hero, 197
Fairy, house, origin of, 136
"Faithful John," variants of, 313-315
Falcon, shooting at, story incident, 40
Falcon, pursuing mother takes the form of, 33
False champion, story character, 43, 112
Falsehood, personification of, story character, 36
Family feuds, Lincolnshire, 382
Family life of the fairies, xxxvii.
Farmer, story character, 7
Farming life in story incident, 80
Father eats flesh of his boy, 298
---- murdered by son in Finnish story, 307
---- throws knives and forks to frighten hero, 251
Father's (my) wedding, story title, 86-90
Faust type stories, 306-312
Fays, kissing by, causes oblivion, 322
Fear, hero unable to learn, 228
----, shown by pillows dropping from the seat, 45, 114
Feather picking festival, 215
---- picking, peasant occupation, 402
Feathers, copper, gold and silver, from tail of wood grouse in Karelian story, 305
Feet, silver, child born with, 337
---- washing at weddings in Scotland, 367
Feet and hands of hero renewed by rubbing with blood and dust, 261
Feuds, clan or family, Lincolnshire, 382
Fight between hero and dragons, 199, 200, 201, 247, 248
Finger-lore, 331
Finger-post as trysting place for hero and brothers, 257
Finger songs, 330
Finn giant beings, 340
Finnish folk-tales, quoted, 307, 314-315, 318, 321, 323, 324, 326, 328, 329, 331, 332, 334, 335, 337, 342, 346, 347, 349, 350, 352, 353, 355, 356, 372, 373, 374, 379, 384, 385, 386, 389-390, 392, 393, 396, 399, 401, 402, 403, 404, 407, 409, 410, 411, 414, 416, 421
---- marriage custom, 365, 369
---- names for stars, 410
Fire, ever-burning, story incident, 41
Fire camp, in story incident, 99
---- customs, liv., lviii., see "hearth"
Fire, obtained by youngest brother, 40
Firpole ridden by witch to pursue hero, 272
Fish, gold, princess turns into, when pushed into well, 135
----, king of, assists hero in task, 252, 254
----sung out of lake by hero, 316
----, transformation of, into lovely girl, 16
----, witch's daughters change to, 254
Fisher Joe, notes to, 313
---- story title, 15-22
Fishing, story incident, 16
Flame, red, dragon takes form of, 201
Flame, white, hero takes form of, 201
Flattery, applied to witches, 400
Flint, falling from falcons' rock, story incident, 40
Flint hoop, dragon takes form of, 201
Flintshire wells, 373
Flower gardens belonging to the fairies, xxxvii.
Fluid, strength-giving, 353
Flute, powers of, to compel dancing, 13-15
Flying, power of, by giants, xxx.
Foal, half rotten, of hero, demands for wages for performing tasks, 252
----, magic power of, 263; helps hero, 263-277
Foals, the three, riddle solved by hero, 240
Folk-tales, origin of, xix.
Food, enchanted, causes oblivion, 321
----, magic supply of, 284
Forbidden chamber stories, 326, 384
Forest, filling of, by devils, 28; clearing of, for ploughing, 96
Forgetfulness, curse of, story incident, 34
Formulae, conjuring, of the fairies, xxxiv.
Fortunatus' story, 141
Foundation sacrifice, 376-377
Foundling child becomes hero of tale, 244
Fox, a story character, 1, 316
---- in Russian Puss-in-Boots story, 304; in Finnish story, 305
French folk-tales quoted, 306, 347, 418
---- invasion appearing in folk-tales, xx., 5
Friar, ghost, in shape of, guardian of buried treasure, 231
Friday, efficacy of, in folk-medicine, 37
Frisian variants of Fisher Joe, 316
Frog, grateful, for hero's kindness, assists him, 150
----, the wonderful, story of, 224-226
Frog prince story, Lincolnshire, 404-405
Frogs, witches assume the shape of, xli.
Fruit, fairy maiden concealed in, 386
Funeral of heroine, 171, 173
Gallows, devil carries off man hanging from, 289
----, legend of, 382
----, resort of devils at night, 37
----, secrets heard under, 323
Gangrene, cures for, xlviii.
Garter, unloosing of, at weddings, 369
George (St.) legend of, quoted, 374
Gepidae, Ardaric King of, vii.
German folk-tales quoted, 306, 312, 321, 323, 324, 339, 341, 346, 347, 349, 350, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360, 364, 372, 373, 374, 377, 378, 383, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 391, 394, 395, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 405, 406, 407, 408, 415, 416 417, 421
---- wedding customs, 369
---- witchcraft, 343
_Gesta Romanorum_ quoted, 375
Ghost, story character, 142
----, wishing to marry bride, 282
Ghost lovers, story title, 278-282, 417
Ghosts, xlv; guard buried treasure, 232
Giant objects in folk-tales, 361
---- story, xxvi.-xxvii.
Giants, northern, 340
----, identified with Huns, x.
----, origin of, as sons of witch, 57
----, story characters, 9, 25, 55, 72, 101, 147
---- in Magyar folk-lore, xxiv.-xxxi.
---- and giantesses, 388
Giantess, cannibal story characters, 146
Gift to hero by fairy godmother, 197
Gifts, wonderful, 394
Gipsy tales quoted, 375
Gipsy women in folk-tale, 213
Girl with the golden hair, story-title, 262-277
---- without hands, story of, 182-188
Girls assist hero, 248
----, captive, rescued by hero, 247, 248
---- under form of mares in daytime, 159
Glass mountains in folk-tales, 350
Glass rock, hero taken over by magic horse, 65
Gnats, assists hero in task, 252, 254
Goats, guardians of giant's treasure, xxxi.
Goblet of dazzling brightness, story incident, 19
Goblins, xlv.-xlvi.
God, or Christ, descent of, to earth, story incident, 20, 82
Gold bridge, dragon's home near, 196, 201
---- children, variant of story, 313
---- duck, heroine transformed into, 214
---- hair picked up by hero, 269
---- horses, fetched by hero as task, 274
---- objects used in story incidents, 2, 28, 63-64, 65, 71, 74, 130, 143, 150
Golden apple, castle contained in, 206
---- coffin of heroine carried about by elk, 173
---- forest, 258
---- haired children born to heroine, 177, 184
---- haired stud of horses, 62
---- hair, girl with, story title, 262-277
---- girl married to hero, 159
---- hair, Tátos horse with, 198
---- horned bullocks roasted at Magyar weddings, 367
---- spade used to dig up Tátos foal, 251
Goods of heroine fetched by hero in table cloth, 273
Goose's egg, copper fortress swivelling on, 78
Gorgons, parallels to, 353
Gothamite stories quoted, 356, see "noodle"
Grapes, speaking, smiling apple, and tinkling apricot, story title, 130-132
Grateful beasts, story incident, 2, [150], 153, 158, 160, 249, 303-306
Grave stone and mound, story about, 381
Greek folk-tales, quoted, 338, 340, 350, 355, 386, 387, 391, 392, 394, 396, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 406, 407, 408
Green king, character in story, 288
Greyhound, guardian of giant's treasure, xxxi.
Griffin helps hero to escape from underground world, 249
Griffins, witch's daughter changed to, 254
Guns fired at weddings, Magyar, 368
Gyllenspets, family of, legends as to ennobling, 381
Hair combing in folk-tales, 389
----, not to be thrown away, 332
----, cutting of, punishment, 216
----, at wedding, 369
----, folk-lore of, 374-375, 402
---- of heroine used as means to bewitch her, 222
----, gold, of heroine, used by her to give light, 270
Hair-pin, poisonous, used by witch for destroying heroine, 172
Hairs, transformed into serpents, 398
Handkerchiefs, exchange of, mode of engagements, Palócz, 413
Hands, girl without, story of, 182-188
----, gold, child born with, 337
Hands and feet of hero cut off by his brothers, 260; renewed by rubbing with blood, 261
----, cutting off of heroine's, by eldest sisters, 50
Handsome Paul, story title, 25-35; variants of, 317
Hanging, ceremonial at, 406-407
Harvesting customs, 98
Head-dress worn by maidens, Palócz, 414
Healing-grass, restoration of life by, 58
Healing-mud, 391
Healing-plants, 374
Hearth custom, mourning behind the oven, 15, see "ashes"
Heat, great, round fairies' well, 291
Heaven, journey to, story incident, 20; allegory of, 94
Helen and Argilus, story of, 345
Hell, hero marries witch in, 204
---- voyage to, 8-10, 67
Hermit character in tale, helps hero, 288; hero restores him to youth, 295
Hero maimed by elder brothers, 260
----, limbs of, restored by using magic mud, 261
---- suckled by ewe, 244
---- swallowed by king, 317
Hero transformed by Tátos horse, 198
---- unable to learn to fear, 228
Heroine marries devil's son, 195
History in folk-tales, 380-382
Holofernes, the fire-king, story of, 345
Holly tree with gold leaves in Russian story, 304
Holyrood, blood-stains at, 382
Home, troubles arising from bringing bride to the, 370-371
Homer quoted, 376
Horace quoted, 376
Horn, magic, in story incident, 61
Horse fed on dragon's milk for strength, 252
----, magic, story incident, 20, 62, 105, 144, 158, 160, 197, 387, 390, 392-393
----, old, made young by hero, 260
----, piebald, assists hero, 289
---- racing at weddings, Magyar, 368
---- (stallion) guardian of giant's treasure, xxxi.
---- with five legs produced from egg, 197
Horse-shoe, gold, picked up by hero, 270
Horses, age of, tested, 119
----, hero's task to take charge of, 253
----, mythic, called Tátos, 345-349
----, transformation of human beings into, 31
----, witch's daughters in shape of, 252
----, witches assume the shape of, xli.
House, folk-lore of the threshold, 410-411
---- tidying incident in folk-tales, 386
House-fairy, origin of, 136
Human sacrifice in story incident, 112
---- to stay the plague, 381
Hundetyrk, giant beings, Swedish, 340
Hunes, a tribe who came over with Saxons to Britain, xi.
Hungarian Faust story, 312
---- folk-tales, collections of, xxii.-xxiii.
Hungarians, origin of, vii.-viii.
Hungary, bathing customs in, 308
----, the happy land, 126
Huns, origin of the, vii., x.
Hunting princes, story title, 39-46
----, story incident, 1, 39, 54, 186, 188
Husks in folk-tales, 385
Hussar and the servant girl, story-title, 83-85
Hydrophobia, cures for, xlviii.
_Iliad_, quoted, 349
Illness, feigned, incident in folk-tales, 386
Images, wax, used in sorcery, 332
Immuration of human beings, 376-377, 407
----, punishment by, 114
Incantation, witch, xliii.
Indian tales quoted, 306, 307, 314, 321, 323, 338, 339, 341, 342, 344, 346, 356, 361, 362, 363, 364, 373, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 389, 391, 394, 395, 396, 398, 400, 402, 403, 404, 415
Invisible cap given by devil, 227
---- shepherd lad, story title, 141-144
Ishtar, legend of, quoted, 400
Italian folk-tales quoted, 356, 383, 384, 396-398, 400, 401, 408. 421
Irish folk-tales quoted, 322, 348, 353, 355, 364, 372, 394, 396, 397
Iron age, giants connected with, xxvi.
---- kneader, character in story, 245, 246
---- nose, woman with, 159, 203, 243
---- pole, witch rides on, to pursue hero, 269
---- railing round witch's house, 267
---- teeth, witch possessing, 221
Irons, brothers of hero working in, for debt, 260
Jack and the Bean Stalk incident, 146, 388
Jack Dreadnought, story title, 228-232
Jack the Giant Killer, 341
James I., legend of, 382
Japan marriage customs, 368
Japanese folk-tales quoted, 306, 391
Jaundice, cures for, xlvi.
Jazyges, origin of the, xvii.
Jesuits in Hungary, 409
Jewel, youth-giving qualities of, 373
Jewish wedding customs, 369
Jikil, a people of Hungary, xiii.
Johara, Juharia, province of, recorded in folk-tales, 371
Joseph, Biblical story of, quoted, 375
Kaffir folk-tales, 403
_Kalevala_, quoted, 331, 374
Karelian story quoted, 353, 359, 390
Keyne, St., well of, in Cornwall, 373
King adopts hero as his son, 234
---- and the devil, story of, 188-195
----, child born to be, type story, 233-244
---- made young again by magic water, 295
---- marrying most beautiful woman, 163
---- with eyes that weep and laugh, 251
King's daughter, story character, 4, 15, 234, 238
---- youngest daughter, story character, 27
Kissing by fays and by dog, causes oblivion, 322
Knife, non-use of, for killing, 11
----, wooden, stone cut by, 247
Knives stuck in a tree for life index, 374
Knot-holes in wood, folk-tale connected with, 364
Knowledge, obtaining of secret, 322-324
Koiran-Kuonalanien, giant beings, Finn, 340
Kronos, legend of, quoted, 399
Kuns, origin of the, xv.-xvi.
Ladybird rhyme, xx.
Lake, magic, power of restoring limbs possessed by, 185
----, silver, heroine takes form of, 195
Lamb, possessing power to rain gold, 162
---- with golden fleece, story title, 13-15; variants of, 312
Lamb and shepherd, pursued heroine and hero become, 33
Lameness of characters in folk-tales, 372
----, superstition about, 398
Language of animals, see "animals" Languages of Hungary, xviii., xix.
Lapp folk-tales quoted, 305, 312, 321, 326, 328, 329, 343, 344, 346, 352, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 370, 372, 373, 379, 384, 385, 386, 388, 389, 390, 392, 393, 396, 397, 399, 400, 403, 408, 410, 415, 418, 420
Lapp giant beings, 340
---- wedding customs, 369
Laughing, cure of illness by, 15
Lazy cat, 23-25; note to, 317
Lead, boiling, ordeal of truth by jumping in, 297
---- used as punishment by fairies, 294
Letter forged by witch, 178, 185
Letter intercepted, story incident, 52, 185
Life, allegory of, 92-94
---- concealed away from the body, 400
---- restoration to, 329, 341, 342, 344; by animals, 374, 396; by snake, 55; by healing grass, 58, 113
Life or soul, witch's, contained in animals, 205
Life index incidents, 339, 340, 374, 378
Light extinguished by animal bridegroom, 226
Limber, Lincolnshire, battle legends in, 382
Lincolnshire folk-lore, 343, 350, 363, 376, 378, 382, 398
---- folk-tales quoted, 358, 392, 393, 404, 405, 417, 418-420, 421
---- Mumby Hill, treasure legend, xxxi.
---- superstitions, 402
---- treasure legend, 406
---- wedding customs, 369
---- witchcraft, xliii.
Lions, country inhabited by, 188, 195
Literature, mediæval, influence on folk-tales, xx., xxi.
Livy quoted, 377
Loaf, baked seven times with other loaves, used as charm against dragon, 79
Local influences on folk-tales, xx.
Lodging, hero's, at a cottage held by a murderer, 9
London, legend relating to, quoted, 351
Looking back, misfortune from, 101
----, superstition against, in folk-tales, 362-363
----, unlucky at weddings, 369
Looking-glass, magic, power of speaking possessed by, 165
Lord of the manor, story character, 17
Love of the fairies, xxxiv.-xxxv.
Lover's ghost, story title, 278-282
Luck and bliss, story title, 22, 23; variants of, 317
Lungs and liver eaten by would-be murderer, 183
Mace, sent as sign of recognition, 106
---- used by devil as weapon, 194
Mace-throwing, 353
Magic pony, little, story of, 157-160
---- powers of giants, xxix.
---- queen of, 78
---- woman, godmother to heroine, 144
Magpie in Swedish folk-lore, 364
Magyars, origin of, viii., xiii.
Maiming of slain enemies, story incident, 43
Malagasy folk-tales quoted, 340, 394, 398, 401
---- superstition as to the threshold, 411
Man, hanged, eaten by devil, 290
Manners of Magyars, lxvii.
Märchen, origin of, xix.
Mare, power of talking possessed by, 263
Mares, milking, task set hero, 275
Mares, witch's daughter in story, 159
Market operations in noodle story, 81
Marriage by guessing of bride's secret marks, 141
---- by taking down objects from high pole, 151
----, child, 80
----, church, 4, 7
---- customs, Magyar, liv., 365; Palóczy, 412-414
---- festivals, Magyar, 389
---- in folk-tales, 328
---- of hero to queen of the fairies, 298
---- of hero with witch, 204
---- of heroine with frog, 225
---- of most beautiful girl, 163
---- of twelve brothers to twelve sisters, 159
---- to slayer of king's enemies, 44
---- by capture, see "bride-capture."
Maundeville's travels quoted, 342
May-pole, used in marriage custom, Palóczy, 412
Meadow, silken, of enemies, 67
Medicine folk, xlvi.-xlix., 403, 409; in story incident, 37
Melton Ross, Lincolnshire, gallows legend at, 382
Merlin, tradition of, 341
Message stick, story incident, 106
Messenger, intercepted, story incident, 52
Mezey, knight, story character, 66
Mice, king of, assists hero in task, 252, 255
Midnight, a story character, 42
Migration of a people, probable reference to, in folk-tales, 371
Milk, adulteration of, allegory of, 94
Milk, bathing in, task set hero, 276
Milk flowing from finger-post a sign of prosperity, 257
Milk-jug, lid of, formed from remains of murdered princes, 136
Milk lake and golden duck, pursued heroine and hero become, 34
Milk, woman's, bread made with, 121
Milking mares, task set hero, 274
Miller, a story character, 1
Millet-cake, story incident, 29, 30
Millet-field, heroine takes form of, 32, 193
Millet-seed, skull boiled with, as means of divination, 279
---- to cleanse, task set heroine, 192
Millstone given to hero for singing, 300
Mirkó, Prince, story title, 59-76
Mirror, magic, 395
Mohammedanism, influence of, on folk-tales, xx., xl.
Moldavia, Hungarian settlers in, xv.
----, Magyar settlers in, 380
Money given to hero by devil to aid him on his journeys, 290, 292, 293
Mongolian marriage customs, 368
Monk, devil's son takes form of, 194
Moon, on forehead of twin son, 52, 337; on hero's forehead, 387; on right breast of king's daughter, 140
----, myth of, in folk-tales, 327
----, new, efficacy of, in folk-medicine, 37
---- superstition, 403
Moonlight in the water, 358
Mopstick, witch riding on, 253
Moss, eyelids covered with, sign of old age, 259
Mother marrying son, in Finnish story, 308
---- of heroine, her enemy, 183
Mountain adventures, story incident, 39, 54
Mountains built by giants, xxvii.
Mouse, assistance of, to hero, 153
Murder, crime of, committed and punished, 9-13
Murder of father by son in Finnish story, 307
Murders of the Blue Beard type, 129
Music, folk-, 370
Musical air to rhymes, 405
Musical myths, quoted, 347, 400
Mysterious land in folk-tales, 371-372
Myth, saints' legends develop into, x.
Nail-pairing superstitions, 402
Name, taboo in story incident, 47, 330-344
Names of fairies, xxxvi. xxxviii.
Negro legend of treasure, 406
Nettles, Prince Czihan, story title, 1-6
New Year's Day, liii.
_Niebelungen_ quoted, 351
Night and dawn, tying up of, in folk-tales, 326
Nimrod, giant legend of, viii.
Noodle stories, 80, 83, 86, 356-359, 361; parallels between, xix.
Norse tales quoted, 322, 323, 329, 342, 346, 350, 352, 353, 355, 358, 359, 360, 361, 370, 371, 372, 373, 375, 383, 385, 386, 389, 391, 392, 394, 396, 397, 398, 400, 404, 408, 410, 415, 421
Northumberland folk-lore, 343, 383
Norwegian giant beings, 340
Nose, sausage grows to man's, 219
Nothing, character in Finnish story, 315
Numbers, lix.
Nutshell, fairy bride's dress placed in, 102
Oak tree with golden leaves in Russian story, 304
Oblivion curse of, 321-322
Obstacles to pursuit in folk-tale, xxxiii., 32-35, 160, 393-394
Occupations of the fairies, xxxiv.
Ointment, strength-giving, 353
Operencian Sea, magic trees on shores of, 256
Orange, cure of dead by, 156
Oranges, three, story title, princesses spring from, 133-136
Orphans, the two, story of, 220-224
Oven, retirement behind, as mourning, 15
Owls' feathers, 409
----, pillow stuffed with, 191, 255, 398
Oxen, ploughing with, in tale, 298
Palaces of the fairies, xxxviii.
Palm Sunday, descent of God to earth on, 21
Palocz, origin of the, xviii.
----, folk-tales, 412
Palstave, used by Magyars, 412
Pannonia conquest of by Romans, vii.
Paris, Carmelite convent, blood stains at, 382
Pear-tree, poisonous, dragon's wife takes form of, 202
Pears, stolen from tree, incident in tale, 183
Peas in open field, picked up by hero, 76
Peel borrowed by mother in tale, 298
Pelican, the, story title, 250-262
Pelicans, unknown in Hungary, 409
_Pentamerone_ quoted, 339, 342, 374, 375, 379, 386, 387, 388, 394, 396, 398, 399, 400, 401, 403, 407, 410, 417
Perspiration, superstition about, Indian, 395
Peter (St.), appearance of, to hero, 141
----, descent of, to the earth with God, 20
Petticoat, tale said to be in tucks of, 282
Phooka, the wild horse of Ireland, 349
Picture in folk-tales, 396
Piebald horse, magic horse, 289; assists hero, 289; enemy of devils, 291, 292, 293
Pig, prince in form of, 131, 132
Pig-driving, in story incident, 80
Pigeon, hero transforms himself into, 286
Pigeons, transformation of, into girls, 101
Pigeons help heroine in task, 208
Pillow stuffed with owls' feathers in devil's house, 191
Pin, in folk-tales, 395-396
----, poisonous, used by witch to destroy heroine, 170
Pistols, used by hero, 63
Plaid, possessing power of making wearer invisible, 289
Plague, animal sacrifice at, 381; witch sacrifice, xliv.
Plants, wound-healing, 341
----, superstitions, lxiii-lxiv.
----, see "apples," "apricot," "bramble," "oak," "pear" Pleurisy, cures for, xlvii.
Plough, six-ox, yoking of, 370
Ploughing task, story incident, 28, 96
Pluto, story character, 29
Poker changed into horse by witch, 160
Polish folk-tales quoted, 322, 379, 418
Pony, magic, story of, 157-160
Pope, hero becomes, 12
Portraits, superstition against, 333
Portuguese folk-tales quoted, 324, 334, 339, 342, 361, 365, 372, 374, 386, 389, 394, 395, 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402
Post (finger) oozing blood, sign of misfortune to hero, 257
---- used as trysting place, 257
Poultry yard, hero and heroine locked in, 286
Presents, the beggar's, story of, 161-163
Priest, name for Tátos, also name for mythic horse, 345
Priests and their sermons, allegory of, 94
----, folk-tale allusion to, 205, 400
Princes, the three, story title, 110-117
Princess who never laughed, type story, 312
Princesses, the three, story title, 144-149
Property, obtaining of, by descent, 16, 34, 137; by force, 6; by marriage, 7, 46, 53, 153
Proverbial sayings, Székely, ix.
Punchkin, incident in folk-tales, 205, 400
Punishment by immuration, 114
Punishment of false knight, story incident, 45
Puppies supposed to be born of heroine, 178, 185
Purse which never gets full, see "bag"
Pursuit obstacles, in story incident, 32-35, 160, 393-394
Puss in Boots, type story, 1-6, 303, 306
Pygmy race, 330
Queen of the faires, 294
Quinsy, cure for, xlix.
Rabbit, hero takes form of, 202
Races, stories indicating old feuds between, 380
Rats, witch's daughters changed to, 255
Raven, shooting at, story incident, 39
Red cap, devil and the, story of, 226-228
Red-haired people, unluck of meeting, 329
Red Knight, a false champion, 43, 114
Relations, quarrels of, allegory of, 94
Rhymes, children's, Cumanian, xvi.
Rich men, children of two, story title, 80-83
Riddles in folk-tales, 239, 240, 334
Ring, betrothal, in Magyar marriage, 366
----, poisonous, used by witch to kill heroine, 168
---- possessing power of waking wearer in case of need, 291
Ring, wedding, 3, 7
----, wife's means of recognising husband, 315
Rivers, fairy origin of, xxxix.
Robbers, twenty-four, story characters, 42
----, heroine protected by, 167
Rod, growth of, put as a test, 119
----, growth, magic, 71
Rose, gold, means of identifying heroine, 211-213
Rose, knight, story title, 54-58
Roumanian folk-tales quoted, 353, 387, 388, 391, 399, 407
Roumanian intrigues with Turkey alluded to, 124
Rug, used as obstacle in pursuit of hero, 160
Russian folk-tales quoted, 304, 306, 321, 325, 329, 338, 339, 341, 344, 347, 353, 355, 358, 359, 361, 362, 364, 373, 374, 379, 381, 389, 391, 392, 393, 394, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 404, 408, 411, 415, 420, 421
Russian marriage ceremony, 366
Sacrifice, human, in story incident, 112, 344
----, to stay the plague, 381
Saddle, magic, for magic horse, 63
----, old, used on Tátos horse, 198
Saddle and bridle demanded by hero for wages, 252
Sale at markets, used as story incident, 22
Saints' legends, place of, in mythology, x.
---- quoted, 339
Saints' Days, customs, l.-lix.
Sausage, magic, 219
Scab, cure for, xlix.
Scabbard growing on hero's side, 233
Scandinavian Huns, xi.
School, hero's attendance at, 7
Scottish folk-lore, 363, 368, 411
---- folk-tales quoted, 312, 346, 349, 398, 400
---- wedding custom, 369
Scurvy, cures for, xlvii.
Sea, mythical, in Hungarian folk-tales, 375-376
Secret, hero's life depends on keeping, 233, 244
Secret-keeping little boy and his little sword, story title, 233-244, 314
Secrets, transformation of hero on divulging, 314
Selection, magic powers in, 378
Serbian folk-tales quoted, 306, 323, 325, 339, 342, 347, 353, 361, 362, 373, 374, 386, 387, 388, 391, 392, 400, 401, 407, 408, 421
Serpents, hairs from devil's beard become, 192
Servants, animals so-called, 373
Servian witchcraft, 343
Service of hero with king, 263
Seventh son superstition, xxx.
Shepherd, story character, 13, 91, 141
Shepherd Paul, story title, 244-249
Shepherd's daughter given to devil instead of heroine, 191
Ship that sails over land and sea, 316
Shirt, silk, given to hero to increase strength, 248
Shoe, Cinderella's, 149
Shoes, in folk-tales, 387
Shoes thrown after the bride, 369
Shooting incidents in folk-tales, 329
Sicilian folk-tales quoted, 338
Siculus, people of Székely, ix., xiii., xiv.
Sillyhood, name for the caul, 378
Silver bridge, dragon's house near, 196, 200
---- of dazzling brightness, story incident, 20
Silver horse, concealment in, 139
Silver objects mentioned in story incidents, 61, 130, 143, 150
_Sindibad_, book of, quoted, 360
Sins, washing away of, allegory of, 93
Sisters, twelve, marry twelve brothers, story incident, 159
Skin, delicacy of heroines, 354
Skin, assumption of snake's, 342
Skull, boiling of, used in divination to get news of absent lover, 279
Slavonic folk-tales quoted, 323, 306
Sleep, magic, falls on watchers of heroine, 183
----, mode of, as a test of princely origin, 77
Sleeping beauty incidents in folk-tales, 396
Smell, giants sense of, 340
Smithy, hero takes refuge at, 203
Snake in Russian Puss in Boots story, 304
----, prince in form of, 283; proposes to marry king's daughter, 284
---- teaches hero language of animals, 301
----, three-headed, sacrifice of king's daughter to, 344
---- with girl's head, restores life to hero, 55
---- field, task of hero's to clean, 316
---- friends, 342
Snake-skin, story title 282-287, 417
Snakes-skin, assumption of, by heroine, 342
Snipe, origin of, 359
Snow-water collected in March, youth-giving qualities of, 372
Social organisation of the fairies, xxxvii.
Son marrying mother in Finnish story, 308
Song, singing a, means of discovering truth, 299
Songs, mystic, for restoration of life, 341
----, wedding and love, 370
Spade, golden, used to dig up Tátos foal, 256
Spanish belief in herb to restore eyesight, 322
Spanish folk-tales quoted, 313, 329, 334, 347, 360, 392, 394, 402, 407, 408
Spanish wedding customs, 369
_Spectator_, wedding songs quoted from, 370
Spinning in folk-tales, 330
Spinning-girl (the lazy) who became queen, story-title, 46-49
Spitting, enchantment by, 395
Spittle, fairy, makes objects speak, xxxiii.
---- speaking of, to delude pursuers, 321
---- used by witch to disfigure heroine, 166
Sports at weddings, Magyar, 389
Spring of poisonous water, dragon's wife takes form of, 202
Sprites, xlv.
Squirrel, shooting at, story incident, 40
Staff broken at hanging ceremony, 407
Stag, means of finding heroine, 186
Star, morning, horse similar to, 63
---- superstitions, 410
Stars, child born with, on his face, 338
----, marks of, on hero's forehead, 387
----, three, on left breast of king's daughter, 140
----, kicking of, by high-stepping horses, 130
Steel dropping from raven's back, story incident, 39
---- hoop, hero takes form of, 201
Stepsister, heroine of tale, 207
Stephen the murderer, story title, 7-13; variants of, 306-312
Stone cut with wooden knife by hero, 247
Stone, giants turned to pillars of, 316
---- hero turned into, 71; hero's animal servants turned into, 115
Stone-boulders eaten by giants for food, 247
Stone-column, removal of, as task for hero, 18
Stone-crusher, character in story, 245, 246
Stonemasons, story characters, 18
Stones, with imprint of giant's heel, xxv; of fairies xxxiv.-xxxv. xxxix.
Stones, (precious) superstitions, lxiv.
Strength of giant kept apart from his body, 71
----, secret of, revealed in order to kill hero, 326
Strength-giving substances, 353
Student who was forcibly made king, story-title, 76
Students' careers alluded to, see "college" "school"
Subterfuge for gaining a wife, 4
Subterranean houses of the fairies, xxxviii.
Summons by whistle and whip, 372
Sun, child born with, on top of head, 337
----, on forehead of twin son, 52; of king's daughter, 140
----, comparison of hero with, 342
----, hero's beauty like the, 56
----, myth of, in folk-tale, 328
----, stoppage of, to admire heroine's beauty 112
Sunbeams, woman appearing on, 364
Swahili folk-tales quoted, 306, 322, 342, 364, 386, 391, 397, 400, 408
Swallow, herb known to, will restore eyesight 322
Swan-maiden incident, 101, 363-365, 315 390
Swedish folk-tales quoted, 306, 330, 333, 334, 362, 386, 388, 391, 397, 401, 405,415
Swedish giant beings, 340
Swedish wedding songs, 370
Swineherd helps hero of tale, 261
Swineherd hero-prince takes situation as, 296
Swineherd's daughter given to devil instead of heroine, 190
Sword, clanking of hero's, denoting approbation, 235, 241
Sword possessing power of slaying numbers, 293
Sword, unsheathed, placed between wife and husband's substitute, 116, 375
---- used by hero, 63, 66; growing in garden, 233; kills hero's enemies, 243
Swords, magic, in folk-tales, 350, 406
Székely folk-medicine quoted, 342
----, origin of the, ix., xii.-xv.
Table-cloth, magic, 162
---- used by hero to carry goods, 273
Tartar conquest alluded to, 118-119, 124
Tartars, dog-headed, 377
Tasks in folk-tales, 18, 27, 47, 153, 192-193, 273-275, 313, 315, 379, 390, 392, 393, 415
Tátos, giant's horse, xxv., 197, 345
Teeth, children born with, 378
Telescope, wonderful, bought by prince to win a bride, 156
Thorn-tree, cure for ague by shaking, 403
Thornton Abbey, Lincolnshire, battle legend about, 382
Three, significance of the number, 101
---- canes, riddle of, solved by hero, 239
---- foals, riddle of, solved by hero, 240
---- legs, foal with, 257
---- Princes, Three Dragons, and the Old Woman with the Iron Nose, story of, 196-206
---- sisters in tale, 224
---- sons, hero youngest of, 250
---- wishes type story, 217-219
Threshold, ceremonies at, 332, 333
----, folk-lore of, 410-411
Tinder, shot from squirrel's tree, story incident, 40
Time, rapid passing of, in folk-tales, see "age," "year"
----, stopping of, story incident, 42, 362
Toad used as means to bewitch heroine, 222
Tools, assistance by, to youngest son, 390
---- work by themselves, Frisian, 316
Toothache of king ceasing only with granting hero's wishes, 197
Tower, hero immured in, 240
Town draped in black cloth, 374
Trance, heroine falls into, through treachery, 172, 174
Transformation of hero and heroine to avoid pursuit, 321
Transylvania, wedding customs, 369
----, races occupying, ix.
Travelling, speed of, in folk-tales, xxiv.-xxv., 26, 350
---- with magic wings, 142
Treasure, buried, ghosts as guards of, 231, 232, 405
----, buried, legends, xxix., xxx.
Treasures, offered by witch as reward refused by hero, 255
Tree, good luck coming from being under, 387
----, grown from remains of murdered princes, 135
----, heroine and her children take refuge in, 179
----, heroine placed amongst branches of, 213
----, magic growth of, 146
----, sap of, used for cure of illness, 138
----, witch seated in, 57, 115
Tree-comber, character in story, 244
Trees, magic, on borders of Operencian Sea, 256
----, kissing each other means of hero crossing water, 258
----, notched by hero to guide his path, 258
Triangle traced by witch, 256
Tribal blood feud incident, _Arabian Nights_, 360
Trolls, assume shape of magpies, in Sweden, 364
Truth and falsehood, travels of, story title, 36-39
Trynetyrk, giant beings, Norwegian, 340
Tumuli, called giants graves, x.
Turkish sultan in folk-tales, xx.
Twelve brothers marry twelve sisters, 159, 263, 267
Twins, golden-haired, born to heroine, 184
Twilight, myth of, in folk-tales, 327
Uliva (St.) legend of, quoted, 339
Underground people, in folk-tales, 408
Useless article found on road, source of wealth to finder, 354
Valuable, three things, story title, 155-157
Vargaluska (dancing), concealed name of dwarf, 48
Vasfogu, Bába, story character, 5
Vikings, probable legend of, quoted, 352
Vine-growing as task for hero, 18
Vomiting of persons eaten, incident in folk-tales, 399
Walachian folk-tales, quoted, 338, 395, 396
Watching, youngest son successful in, 390
Water, foal washed in to gain strength, 256
---- immersion, cure of maiming by, story incident, 53
---- possessing power of transforming human being into animal, 220
----, reflection of heroine's face in, 135
----, want of, causes death of princesses who were cut from oranges, 133
----, youth-giving, from fairies' well, 289, 293, 295
---- of life, allegory of, 93, 250-262
Water-spring, blocking up by devils, story incident, 37
----, magic origin of, 72
Wayland Smith, legend quoted, 351
Weaving in folk-tales, 330
----, soldiers produced by, 68
Wedding customs, Magyar, 365
---- festivities, 104-105
---- party, greeting to, 80
Weeding operations in story incident, 81
Well, frog residing in, 224
----, holy, flowers from, used at marriages, Palócz, 412
----, mud from, cures blindness, 152
---- worship, xxxii.
Wells, marvellous powers of water, 373
Wend, folk-tales quoted, 359
Were-wolves, 344
Whale, heroine devoured by, 222
Wheat, dirty, heroine set task of cleaning, 208, 209, 211
Whip, magical, 16, 27, 107
Whistle, magic, 392
---- given by grateful animals for summons, 153
---- commanding obedience from insects, fish, or mice, 252, 253
Whistle and whip, a method of summons, 372
Widower and his daughter, story of, 207-216
Wife, lord's power over vassals, alluded to, 18
Wife of hero desired by king, 314
Wife-beating of, story incident, 23
Wife's kindred, interposition of, 24
Wine taken by hero to renew strength, 201, 248
---- drank by foal for food, 265
Wings, magic, for travelling, 142
Winifred, St., well of, in Flintshire, 373
Wishes, the, story of, 217-219
Witches, assist youngest son, hero, 61
---- burning of, 181
---- changes into pigeon, story incident, 160
----, children of, born with teeth, 378
---- drugs hero, 253, 254, 255
----, fear of, for animals, 57, 115
----, giants supposed to be, xxiv.
---- guardian of castle in Hades, 68
---- in Magyar folk-lore, xli.-xliv.
---- kills her own children by ruse, 159, 268
----, magical powers of, xlii.
----, method of seeing, xli.
----, mother of giants, 57
---- with iron nose, 241, 243
---- year consists of three days, 252
Witch's daughter personates heroine, 221
---- daughters in shape of horses, 252
---- maid helps hero, 204
Witchcraft defeated by the drawing of blood, 343
Wives, dragon's, destroyed by hero, 203
Wodin, dragon sacred to, 325
Wolf, assistance of, to hero, 153
Wolf, in Finnish grateful animal story, 305
Wolves, country inhabited by, 188, 195
Woman's curiosity, story title, 301-302, 313
Woman, old, made young by hero, 260
Women, aged, direct hero in quest, 258
Wood-grouse in Karelian grateful animal story, 305
Woodpecker in folk-tales, 362, 372
----, influence of, on hero's actions, 99, 108-109
Worcestershire folk-lore, 378
Words, story turning on similarity of, 84
World, underground, visited by hero, 247
World's beautiful woman, story of, 163
Wrestling of hero with strong men, 245
Yarborough Camp, Lincolnshire, legend concerning, 382
Year of service given by hero, 157
---- of three days duration, 98
Yellow Hammer, King, story character, 2
Yorkshire finger-lore, 330, 331
---- folk-lore, 349, 398
---- superstitions, 402
Youngest, success of, 389-391
Youngest brother, story hero, 40, 55, 60, 92, 97, 116, 153, 157, 203
---- daughter, story heroine, 27, 43, 49, 159
---- prince successful in quest, 288
---- prince and youngest princess, story title, 137-141
---- sister heroine of tale, 207, 224-226
---- son successful, 150, 196, 250
Youth, allegory of, 93
---- giving plants, 109
---- giving water, 288, 372-373
----, power to restore, possessed by pelican, 251, 258, 262
WESTMINSTER: PRINTED BY NICHOLS AND SONS, 25, PARLIAMENT STREET.
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Transcriber's note:
All obvious printer errors were corrected.
Some spelling was corrected for consistency.