Book IX
, ch. 35.
Footnote 41:
“Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela,” Gerrans’s edition, London, 1783, p. 23.
Footnote 42:
“Camden Britannia,” 2d edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 801.
Footnote 43:
_Ibid._, Vol. II, p. 1003.
Footnote 44:
Richard Eden edition, London, 1577, 10th ch. of 3rd Decade, fol. 148_a_.
Footnote 45:
Hawkins, “Voyage to the South Sea in 1593,” London, 1847, p. 133.
Footnote 46:
Benzoni, “Novæ Novi Orbis Historiæ,” Geneva, 1578, pp. 161–163.
Footnote 47:
“Philosophical Transactions,” 1674, No. 101, p. 11.
Footnote 48:
Goldsmith, “History of the Earth and Animated Nature,” 1774, Vol. VI, p. 54.
Footnote 49:
Rondelet, “Universæ Aquitilium Historiæ Pars Altera,” Lugduni, 1554.
Footnote 50:
“Gemmarum et Lapidum Historia,” Hanoviæ, 1609.
Footnote 51:
“The Travels of Pedro Teixeira,” Hakluyt Society, p. 180.
Footnote 52:
“Memoires de l’Académie des Sciences,” 1717, pp. 177–194.
Footnote 53:
Grill, in “Abhandlungen der Königlichen Schwed. Akademie der Wissenschaften,” Vol. XXXIV, p. 88, 1772.
Footnote 54:
“Philosophical Transactions,” 1826, Pt. III, pp. 338–341.
Footnote 55:
“Sull’origine delle Perle. II Cimento, revista di Scienze,” Torino, 1852, Vol. I, pp. 429–439.
Footnote 56:
“Memorie della Reale Academia delle Scienze di Torino,” 1855, Vol. XV, pp. 331–358; 1857, Vol. XVI, pp. 419–442, and 1859, Vol. XVIII, pp. 201–232.
Footnote 57:
Müller’s “Archiv für Anatomie,” 1856, pp. 269–281.
Footnote 58:
“Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858. Dr. Möbius died in Berlin, on April 26, 1908. He was born at Eilenburg, in Saxony, in 1825.
Footnote 59:
“Report on the Natural History of the Pearl Oyster of Ceylon,” Trincomali, 1859.
Footnote 60:
“Journal of the Linnean Society,” Vol. XI, pp. 426–428.
Footnote 61:
“Société de Biologie, Séance du 29 décembre, 1903.”
Footnote 62:
“Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,” Vol. 133, pp. 603–605, Oct. 14, 1901.
Footnote 63:
“Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London,” Vol. I, pp. 140–166.
Footnote 64:
“Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London,” 1902, pp. 148–150.
Footnote 65:
“Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,” Paris, 1903, Vol. CXXXVII, pp. 611–613.
Footnote 66:
Seurat, “Observation sur l’évolution de l’Huitre perlière des Tuamotu et des Gambier,” 1904.
Footnote 67:
“Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” London, 1903, Vol. I, p. 11.
Footnote 68:
Hornell, “Report on the _Placuna placenta_ Pearl Fishery of Lake Tampalakamam,” Colombo, 1906.
Footnote 69:
“Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” London, 1903, Vol. I, p. 10.
Footnote 70:
Harley, “Proceedings of the Royal Society,” Vol. XLIII, p. 461.
Footnote 71:
“Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, pp. 294, 295.
Footnote 72:
Harley, “Proceedings of the Royal Society of London,” Vol. XLV, p. 612.
Footnote 73:
“Historia Naturalis,” _Lib._ IX, c. 35. This is also referred to by Macrobius in Saturnaliorum conviviorum _Lib._ II, c. 13.
Footnote 74:
Now in the French crown brooch in the possession of the Princess Youssoupoff of Russia.
Footnote 75:
See p. 465.
Footnote 76:
Taunton, “Australind,” London, 1903, p. 224.
Footnote 77:
“Tavernier’s Travels,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 115. See p. 97.
Footnote 78:
See “Report of the Royal Society,” Oct. 13, 1688.
Footnote 79:
Neither is there any special significance in the popular terms “clams,” “mussels,” etc., as applied to the pearl-bearing species of the rivers. The “clams,” or Unios of the Mississippi Valley, resemble neither the long clams (_Mya_) nor the round clams (_Venus_) of the Atlantic coast; the mussels of the fresh-water lakes are quite distinct from the edible ones of brackish waters, and the Pinna oyster and the giant clam (_Tridacna_) have little resemblance to the mollusks with which these terminal names are commonly associated.
Footnote 80:
Jameson, “On the identity and distribution of the mother-of-pearl oysters; with a revision of the subgenus _Margaritifera_.” Proceedings of the Zoölogical Society of London, Vol. L, 1901, pp. 372–394.
Footnote 81:
Vassel, “Sur la Pintadine du Golfe de Gabes, Comptes Rendus Assoc. Franç.,” 1896, pp. 458–466.
Footnote 82:
See “Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences,” Paris, 1904, Vol. CXXXVIII, pp. 301, 302.
Footnote 83:
See p. 288.
Footnote 84:
Garbe, “Die Indischen Mineralien,” Leipzig, 1882.
Footnote 85:
Gray’s Elegy.
Footnote 86:
In 1905, the Ceylon pearl yield approximated $2,000,000 in value.
Footnote 87:
Including African coast.
Footnote 88:
Including Sharks Bay.
Footnote 89:
Oppert, “L’Ambre jaune chez les Assyriens.”
Footnote 90:
Holland’s edition of 1601, p. 254.
Footnote 91:
Reinaud, “Mémoire sur l’Inde,” Paris. 1849
Footnote 92:
“Travels of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela,” London, 1783.
Footnote 93:
Lee, “Ibn Batuta,” 1829, p. 65.
Footnote 94:
“The Travels of Lodovico di Barthema, 1503 to 1508,” London, 1863, p. 95.
Footnote 95:
“Discours of Voyages into ye Easte and West Indies,” London, 1598, folio, ch. 84.
Footnote 96:
See p. 457, for Tavernier’s description of this gem.
Footnote 97:
Tavernier, “Travels in India,” London, 1889, Vol. II, p. 108.
Footnote 98:
Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. I, ch. 17, pp. 264, 265.
Footnote 99:
In report to the Government of Bombay, dated December 15, 1865.
Footnote 100:
Schlagintweit, “Nachrichtsblatt der deutschen Gesellschaft,” Frankfurt-am-Main, 1883, pp. 153–156.
Footnote 101:
Malcolm, “Sketches of Persia,” London, 1827, p. 27.
Footnote 102:
“Personal Narrative of Journey through Arabia,” London, 1865, p. 100.
Footnote 103:
Lord Curzon reports 4500 boats, and some other authorities state 5000, but this probably includes a number of tenders.
Footnote 104:
For this and some other data on the pearling fleet of Bahrein we are indebted to the kindness of Dr. S. M. Zwemer, who has spent many years at the Bahrein Islands as a missionary.
Footnote 105:
“Reports by the Superintendent of the Fishery and the Inspector of the Pearl Banks,” Colombo, 1887.
Footnote 106:
Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. I, p. 266.
Footnote 107:
“Histoire de l’Isle de Ceylon,” Amsterdam, 1701, ch. 22, p. 169.
Footnote 108:
“An Account of the Island of Ceylon,” London, 1803, ch. 3, p. 91.
Footnote 109:
“Asiatic Researches,” London, 1798, Vol. V, p. 402.
Footnote 110:
Chardin, “Voyages en Perse,” Paris, 1811, Vol. III, p. 363.
Footnote 111:
Sprat, “History of the Royal Society,” London, 1667, p. 169.
Footnote 112:
Philosophical Transactions for 1669, No. 43, p. 863.
Footnote 113:
Diemerbroeck, “Anatome Corporis Humani,” Ultrajecti, 1672.
Footnote 114:
Sixth American Edition, New York, 1835, Vol. I, p. 239.
Footnote 115:
Reinaud, “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 126. Lee, “Ibn Batuta,” London, 1829, p. 65.
Footnote 116:
A Christian physician who lived in the time of the Khalif Wathek Billa, about 842 A.D.
Footnote 117:
“Specimen Arabicum,” Traiecti ad Rhenum, 1784, p. 64.
Footnote 118:
_Ibid._, p. 65.
Footnote 119:
Writers describing the early pearl fisheries on the American coast, and especially at Cubagua on the present coast of Venezuela, also reported very lengthy stays. In 1526, Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés wrote: “The thing that causeth men most to marvel is to consider how many of them can remain at the bottom for the space of one whole hour, and some more or less, according to expertness.” (“Natural Historia de las Indias,” Toledo, 1526.) About 1588, the Jesuit priest José de Acosta wrote: “I did see them make their fishing, the which is done with great charge and labor of the poor slaves, which dive 6, 7, yea 12 fathoms into the sea...; but yet the labor and toil is greatest in holding their breath, sometimes a quarter, yea, half an hour together under water.” (Acosta, “Natural and Moral History of the Indies,” Hakluyt Society, 1880, p. 227.)
Footnote 120:
Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, Vol. II, pp. 114, 115.
Footnote 121:
London, 1812, p. 55.
Footnote 122:
See _infra._, p. 125.
Footnote 123:
“The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, pp. 267, 268.
Footnote 124:
Jordanus, “Mirabilia Descripta,” Hakluyt Society, 1863, p. 28.
Footnote 125:
“The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies,” Hakluyt Society, 1884, Vol. II, pp. 133–135.
Footnote 126:
“Hakluyt’s Voyages,” Vol. V, Glasgow, 1904, pp. 395–397. Benjamin Franklin states that the Mediterranean divers, finding the light below obscured by the surface waves, used to let a little oil out of their mouths at intervals, which, rising to the surface, smoothed the waters. This might be a suggestion to modern marine and fresh-water pearl fishers.
Footnote 127:
“The Travels of Pedro Teixeira,” Hakluyt Society, 1902, pp. 174–181.
Footnote 128:
“Asiatic Researches,” London, 1798, pp. 393, _et seq._
Footnote 129:
“The Island of Ceylon,” 1803, ch. 3.
Footnote 130:
“Description of Ceylon,” 1807, Vol. II, pp. 36–78.
Footnote 131:
In 1881, the number of days was the same—47, the season extending from March 4 to April 27. In 1891 there were 40 working days, in 1904 there were 33, in 1903 there were 36, and in 1906 there were 36 days of actual fishing.
Footnote 132:
See Reinaud’s “Fragments Arabes,” Paris, 1845, p. 125.
Footnote 133:
“Pearl Oyster Fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar,” 5 vols., London, 1903–1906.
Footnote 134:
Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Vol. II, ch. 21.
Footnote 135:
See pp. 110, 111.
Footnote 136:
The report of the Chief of Police at the 1905 fishery states: “In the camp there were 40,000 to 50,000 persons, of whom it may be said that not less than a tenth were gamblers, vagrants, and rogues, who, without occupation in their own country, made their way to Marichchukkadi with the hope of making money to gamble in oysters.” (“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 17.)
Footnote 137:
In 1906 there were 473 boats employed; in 1905, 318; in 1857, 1858, 1859, and 1863, over 400 boats reported for employment.
Footnote 138:
Some years ago, notably in the early sixties, each and every boat was required to have ten divers, thus making a total of 23 persons in each boat. (See Vane’s “Report on Ceylon Pearl Fisheries,” 1863.)
Footnote 139:
_Supra._, p. 100.
Footnote 140:
Hornell, “Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” Colombo, p. 31.
Footnote 141:
“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” p. 7.
Footnote 142:
“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1905,” p. 23.
Footnote 143:
_Ibid._, p. 22.
Footnote 144:
“The Book of Ser Marco Polo,” London, 1871, Vol. II, p. 267.
Footnote 145:
Cordiner, “Description of Ceylon,” Vol. II, p. 52.
Footnote 146:
“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1904,” p. 17.
Footnote 147:
_Ibid._, p. 17.
Footnote 148:
_Ibid._, p. 34.
Footnote 149:
“Royal Asiatic Society Proceedings,” 1887–1888, p. 100.
Footnote 150:
“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries of 1905,” p. 40.
Footnote 151:
_Ibid._, p. 24.
Footnote 152:
“Reports on the Pearl Fishery for 1904,” Colombo, p. 6.
Footnote 153:
“Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1904, Colombo, p. 653.
Footnote 154:
“Colonial Sessional Papers,” 1906, Colombo, p. 330.
Footnote 155:
“Reports on the Pearl Fisheries for 1905,” Colombo, p. 25.
Footnote 156:
Ordinance No. 8 of 1906.
Footnote 157:
“Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 328.
Footnote 158:
_Ibid._, pp. 333, 335.
Footnote 159:
“Ceylon Sessional Papers,” 1906, p. 650.
Footnote 160:
The Government Commission has interdicted the fishing for this year (1908), as experts have reported the pearl-oysters were not plentiful enough and were also immature, being only five years old. The next fishery will be in 1909.
Footnote 161:
Kelaart, “Report on the Tablegram Pearl-Oysters,” Trincomali, 1857, 6 pp.
Footnote 162:
Hornell, “Report on the _Placuna placenta_ Pearl Fishery of Lake Tampalakamam,” Colombo, 1906.
Footnote 163:
Jardine, “Report Relating to the Mergui Pearl Fisheries,” Rangoon, 1894, p. 6.
Footnote 164:
Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Westminster, 1901, Vol. I, p. 362.
Footnote 165:
Nisbet, “Burma Under British Rule and Before,” Vol. I, p. 363.
Footnote 166:
See Proverbs xxxi, 1.
Footnote 167:
Hesse, “Der Zoologische Garten,” Dec. 1, 1898.
Footnote 168:
Wellsted, “Travels in Arabia,” London, 1838, Vol. II, p. 238.
Footnote 169:
_Ibid._, Vol. I, pp. 268, 269.
Footnote 170:
“Bolletino della Società d’esplorazione commerciale in Africa,” Milan, June, 1898.
Footnote 171:
Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 6.
Footnote 172:
See p. 288 for an account of the methods.
Footnote 173:
Statist. “Beschreibung des chines. Reiches,” 1842, Vol. II, p. 11.
Footnote 174:
Ranft, “Vollständige Beschreibung des russischen Reiches,” Leipzig, 1767, p. 415.
Footnote 175:
Witsen, “Nord en Oost Tartarye,” 1705. p. 762.
Footnote 176:
Tavernier, “Travels in India,” Ball edition, London, 1889, Vol. II, pp. 113, 114.
Footnote 177:
One candareen equals 5.72 grains.
Footnote 178:
One koban equals 66 cents.
Footnote 179:
$4200.
Footnote 180:
Kaempfer, “History of Japan,” 1728, Vol. I, pp. 110, 111.
Footnote 181:
_Ibid._, Vol. I, p. 139.
Footnote 182:
Joao dos Santos, “Ethopia Oriental,” Lisbon, 1609, Vol. i, c. 27.
Footnote 183:
Lisbon Geographical Society Report, January, 1903.
Footnote 184:
“Britanniam petiisse spe margaritarum, quarum amplitudinem conferentem, interdum sua manu exegisse pondus.” “Divus Julius Caesar,” c. 47.
Footnote 185:
“Naturall Historie,” Holland edition, London, 1601, _Lib._ IX, c. 35.
Footnote 186:
“Vita Agricolæ,” c. 12.
Footnote 187:
Giles’s edition, London, 1840, p. 6.
Footnote 188:
Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland.” New York. 1903. Vol. II, p. 227.
Footnote 189:
Nicolai, “Anglia Sacra,” Vol. II, p. 236. Also “Alberti Magni Opera Omnia,” ed. Augusti Borgnet, Paris. 1890, Vol. V., p. 41.
Footnote 190:
“Histoire de l’Orfèvrerie-Joaillerie.” Paris, 1850, p. 46. De Laborde, “Emaux,” Paris, 1852, Vol. II, p. 437.
Footnote 191:
Camden. “Britannia.” 2nd edition, London, 1722, Vol. II, p. 802.
Footnote 192:
Macpherson, “Annals of Commerce,” Vol. II, p. 131.
Footnote 193:
Sibbald, “Hist. Nat. Scotiae,” 1684, Vol. III, p. 27.
Footnote 194:
Camden, “Britannia,” London, 1695, p. 924.
Footnote 195:
London, 1777, Vol. II., p. 24.
Footnote 196:
“History of Cumberland,” London, 1794, Vol. I, p. 573.
Footnote 197:
Joyce. “Social History of Ancient Ireland,” New York, 1903, Vol. II, p. 227.
Footnote 198:
“Transactions of the Royal Society of London, for 1693,” Vol. XVIII, No. 198, pp. 659–663.
Footnote 199:
Pennant, “Tour in Scotland,” Chester, 1771.
Footnote 200:
London “Times,” December 24, 1863.
Footnote 201:
Hugh Miller, “My Schools and Schoolmasters,” 1852, p. 201.
Footnote 202:
Puton, “Mollusques terrestres et fluviales des Vosges: Le Département des Vosges, statistique, historique, et administrative, par Henri Lepaye et Ch. Charton,” Nancy, 1845, 8vo, 2 vols., Vol. I.
Footnote 203:
Godron, “Les perles de la Vologne, et le Château-sur-Perle.” “Mémoires de l’Académie de Stanislas, 1869,” Nancy, 1870, pp. 10–30.
Footnote 204:
Volcyr, “Cronicque abrégée par petits vers huytains des Empereurs, Roys, et Ducz d’Austraisie,” etc., Paris, 1530.
Footnote 205:
Reues, “De Gemmis aliquot,” etc., Tiguri, 1566, p. 47.
Footnote 206:
Claude de la Ruelle, “Les pourtraicts des ceremonies, ... et pompe funèbres faitez au corps de feu Charles III, Duc de Lorraine,” etc. Nancy, 1609.
Footnote 207:
Lister, “Journey to Paris in the year 1698,” London, p. 143.
Footnote 208:
Durival, “Description de la Lorraine et du Barrois,” Nancy, 1779, Vol. I, p. 280.
Footnote 209:
Bonnemere, “Les perles fines de l’Ouest de la France,” “Revue des sciences naturelles de l’Ouest,” 1899, Vol. III, p. 97–99.
Footnote 210:
“La Nature,” 1899, pp. 347, 348.
Footnote 211:
Von Hessling, “Ueber die Erzeugung künstlicher Perlen,” “Gelehrte Anzeigen der Münchener Akademie,” 1856, Vol. II, p. 159.
Footnote 212:
Weinmann, “Bresslauer Naturgeschichten,” 1725.
Footnote 213:
Tavernier, “Travels in India,” 1889, Vol. II, p. 113.
Footnote 214:
Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 179.
Footnote 215:
“Beiträge zur Naturkunde des Herzogthums Celle,” Halle, 1766, Pt. I, p. 70.
Footnote 216:
Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 180.
Footnote 217:
Möbius, “Die echten Perlen,” Hamburg, 1858., p. 47.
Footnote 218:
Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 165; Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.
Footnote 219:
Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 182.
Footnote 220:
“Die echten Perlen,” p. 48.
Footnote 221:
Gesner, “De aquatilibus,” Tiguri, 1560.
Footnote 222:
Bohuslai Balbini, “Miscellanea historica regni Bohemiæ,” Prague, 1679, Vol. I, p. 73.
Footnote 223:
“Allg. Zeitung,” Nov. 1, 1858, No. 305.
Footnote 224:
Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 178.
Footnote 225:
Holberg, “Danmarks Riges Historie,” Reicharot edition, 1743, Vol. II, p. 632.
Footnote 226:
Thaaruys, “Versuch einer Statistik der dänischen Monarchie,” Copenhagen, 1795, Pt. I, p. 416.
Footnote 227:
Jahn, “Voigtländische Perlenfischerei,” p. 175; and Von Hessling, “Die Perlenmuscheln,” p. 189.
Footnote 228:
Pontoppidan, “Versuch einer natürlichen Historie von Norwegen,” Copenhagen, 1754, Vol. II, p. 309.
Footnote 229:
Olaus Magnus, “Historia de gentibus septentrionalibus,” Antwerp, 1562, c. 6, p. 192.
Footnote 230:
Linnæus, “Lach. Lapponica,” Vol. II, pp. 104–107.
Footnote 231:
See “Abhandlungen der Schwedischen Akademie,” 1742, Vol. IV, p. 240; 1759, Vol. XXI, p. 136, and 1762, Vol. XXIV, p. 64.
Footnote 232:
“Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, 1859, p. 194.
Footnote 233:
Kawall, “La pêche des perles en Livonie,” “Annales de la Société Malacologique de Belgique,” 1872, Vol. VII, pp. 38–46.
Footnote 234:
Dionysius Fabricius, “Scriptor rerum Livonicarum,” 1612, Vol. II, p. 440.
Footnote 235:
G. F. Mylius, “Memorabilium Saxoniae subterraneae,” Leipzig, 1709–1718, Vol. II, p. 20.
Footnote 236:
Charles Zeze, “Considerations sur les lièvres blancs en Livonie,” 1749, p. 52.
Footnote 237:
A. H. Hupel, “Nouvelles topographiques de Livonie et d’Esthionie,” 1774, Vol. I, p. 134.
Footnote 238:
“Die Perlenmuscheln,” Leipzig, p. 196.
Footnote 239:
Baer and Helmersen, “Beiträge zur Kenntniss des russischen Reiches,” St. Petersburg, 1845, Vol. XI, pp. 143, 144.
Footnote 240:
Kohl, “Reisen in Südrussland,” 2nd edition, Leipzig, 1846, Vol. I, p. 15.
Footnote 241:
“Voyage aux Iles du Grand Océan,” Paris, 1838; also “Le Correspondant,” March 10, 1906.
Footnote 242:
“La Peche et la Culture des Huitres Perlières à Tahiti; Pêcheries de l’Archipel Tuamotu,” Paris, 1885.
Footnote 243:
Seurat, “L’huitre perlière,” Paris, 1900, p. 133.
Footnote 244:
Lucatt, “Rovings in the Pacific from 1837 to 1849,” London, 1851, Vol. I, p. 245.
Footnote 245:
“Bulletin United States Fish Commission,” Vol. V, p. 293.
Footnote 246:
Alexander, “Report United States Fish Commission,” Vol. XXVII, p. 764.
Footnote 247:
“Tahiti et les Colonies Françaises de la Polynésie,” Paris, 1887, p. 173.
Footnote 248:
“Report on Pearl Fisheries of North Queensland,” Brisbane, 1890.
Footnote 249:
Garran, “Australasia Illustrated,” Sydney, 1892, Vol. II, p. 886.
Footnote 250:
Gill, “Life in the Southern Isles,” London, 1876, p. 294.
Footnote 251:
“Australind,” London, 1900, pp. 233–239.
Footnote 252:
45 Victoriæ, No. 2.
Footnote 253:
50 Victoriæ, No. 2.
Footnote 254:
55 Victoriæ, No. 29.
Footnote 255:
50 Victoriæ, No. 7.
Footnote 256:
55 Victoriæ, No. 29.
Footnote 257:
“Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897.
Footnote 258:
“Report on the Fishing Industry for the Year 1905,” Perth, 1906, pp. 4–7.
Footnote 259:
During the month of June, 1908, a severe storm destroyed a pearling fleet, with a loss of 40 vessels and 270 lives.
Footnote 260:
“Report of Departmental Commission on Pearl Shell and Bêche-de-Mer Fisheries,” Brisbane, 1897.
Footnote 261:
55 Victoriæ, No. 29.
Footnote 262:
To this should be added the output of Sharks Bay, amounting to £2000 in 1906, making a total of $450,000.
Footnote 263:
See pp. 70 and 200.
Footnote 264:
Comyn, “State of the Philippine Islands,” London, 1820, pp. 38, 39.
Footnote 265:
“Storia Naturale delle Gemme,” Naples, 1730. Vol. I, p. 461.
Footnote 266:
Crawfurd, “History of the Indian Archipelago,” Edinburgh, 1820, Vol. III, p. 445.
Footnote 267:
Act No. 51, June 7, 1904.
Footnote 268:
A letter from the Bureau of Insular Affairs, dated November 20, 1906, states: “It is proposed by the officials of the Moro province to amend the regulations so that, under certain restrictions, vessels of foreign build may engage in pearl fisheries.”
Footnote 269:
Act No. 43, amended June 7, 1904.
Footnote 270:
“Historia general de las Indias,” by Francisco Lopez de Gomara, 12mo, 1554, pp. 104–106 b.
Footnote 271:
Herrera, “Historia general de los hechos de los Castellanos en las islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano,” Dec. iii, Book VII , ch. 3.
Footnote 272:
Herrera, “Descripcion de las Indias Occidentales,” Dec. iv,