D.

Dana, Mr., on Sandwich Islands, 354, 372, 383, 548. ----, on fragments of recent coral thrown up by Polynesian volcanoes, 372. ----, on Mount Loa, volcano, 552. ----, on "volcanoes no safety-valves," 552.

Dangerfield, Capt F., on buried cities In India, 729. ----, on Onjein, 729.

Daniell, Professor, on the trade winds, 106. ----, on melting point of iron, 539.

Dante cited, 52, 256.

Dantzic, waste of land near, 331.

Darby, on lakes formed by Red River, 269. ----, on delta of Mississippi, 272.

Darwin, Mr. C., on distribution of animals and plants, 77, 98, 141. ----, on vegetation required for support of large quadrupeds, 82. ----, Mr. C., on drifting of rocks by ice, 228. ----, on earthquakes, 347, 458, 456, 476, 753. ----, on earthquake waves, 497. ----, on rise of land, 458, 502. ----, on oolitic travertin, 439. ----, on great droughts in S. America, 696. ----, on peat of S. America, 719. ----, on coral islands, 779, 780, 782, 785, 789. ----, geology of S. America, 170. ----, on recent shells in Chili, 190. ----, on shingle on coast of S. America, 342. ----, map of coral reefs, 352, 791, 794. ----, on crateriform hills of Galapagos, 372. ----, infusoria brought home by, 388. ----, on new islands forming in Atlantic, 436. ----, on nat. hist. of Galapagos, 141, 597, 615, 616, 642. ----, on extinction of animals, 700.

Daubeny, Dr., on springs, 237. ----, on Mount Vultur, 356. ----, on Vesuvius, 380. ----, on decomposition of trachyte, 385. ----, on flowing of lava under water, 383. ----, on volcanoes, 548, 549, 550, 551.

D'Aubuisson cited, 58, 411.

Davis, Mr., on Chinese deluge, 7.

Davy, Sir H., on lake of the Solfatara, 243. ----, on formation of travertin, 243. ----, on theory of progressive development, 131. ----, on eruption of Vesuvius, 378. ----, on chemical agency of electricity, 542. ----, his theory of unoxidated metallic nucleus, 546. ----, on agency of air and water in volcanoes, 548, 550. ----, his analysis of peat, 718.

Davy, Dr., on Graham Island, 436, 549. ----, on helmet taken from sea near Corfu, 760.

De Beaumont. _See_ Beaumont, De.

Debey, Dr., of Aix, on cretaceous dicotyledons, 133.

De Candolle, on hybrid plants, 605. ----, on distribution of plants, 613, 616. ----, on agency of man in dispersion of plants, 625. ----, on stations of plants, 670. ----, on barriers separating botanical provinces, 703. ----, on number of land plants, 705. ----, on longevity of trees, 422.

Dechen, Von, map of Germany, &c., 123.

Dee, R., bridge over, swept away by floods, 208.

Deer, their powers of swimming, 636. ----, diminished number in Great Britain, 683. ----, remains of, in marl lakes, 752.

De la Beche, Sir H., on rocks in S. Wales, 91. ----, on delta of Rhone in Lake of Geneva, 253. ----, on storm of Nov., 1824, 321. ----, on submarine forests, 323. ----, on earthquake of Jamaica, 1692, 504. ----, on action of rain in the tropics, 713.

De la Hire, on fossil wood from Ava, 1692, 28.

Delhi territory, elephants in, 81.

Delta of the Adige and Brenta, 256. ----, of the Brahmapootra or Burrampooter, 275. ----, of the Ganges, 275 to 284. ----, of the Mississippi, 263 to 275. ----, of the Mississippi, antiquity of. 271. ----, of the Nile, 261. ----, of the Po, 256. ----, of Rhone, in Lake of Geneva, 252. ----, of Rhone, in Mediterranean, 258.

Deltas, chronological computations of age of, 253, 285. ----, of Lake Superior, 253. ----, grouping of strata in, 286.

De Luc, his treatise on Geology, 56. ----, on conversion of forests into peat mosses, 721.

De Luc, M. G. A., his natural chronometers, 726.

Deluge, ancient theories on, 18, 23, 25, 31, 42, 155. ----, fossil shells referred to the, 20.

Deluges, local, how caused, 7, 269. ----, traditions of different, 7, 11, 42, 331, 356, 500, 501.

Demaillet, speculative views of, 572.

Denudation can only keep pace with deposition, 154. ----, effects of, 708.

Deposition of sediment, shifting of the area of, 188. ----, and denudation parts of the same process, 154.

Deshayes, M., on fossils of tertiary, 184.

Desmarest, his definition of geology, 3. ----, on Auvergne, 49.

Desnoyers, M., on human remains in caves, 739.

Desor, M., on glacier motion, 224.

Deucalion's deluge, 12.

Deville, M., on contraction of granite, 173. ----, on trachytes, 440.

Devonian strata formed in deep seas, 117.

Diatomaceae, 388.

Dikes, composition and position of, 379. ----, how caused, 379.

Diluvial waves, no signs of on Etna, 423. ----, theory of earlier geologists, 25.

Diodorus Siculus cited, 357.

Dion Cassius cited, 364.

Dodo, recent extinction of the, 684.

Dog, varieties of the, 570, 584. ----, hybrids between wolf and, 601. ----, acquired instincts hereditary in, 593. ----, has run wild in America, 686.

Doggerbank, 340.

Dollart, formation of estuary of the, 329.

Dolomieu on Val di Noto, Vicentin, and Tyrol, 49. ----, on lavas of Etna, 49. ----, on decomposition of granite, 249. ----, on earthquake of 1783 in Calabria, 473, 475, 478, 480.

Domestication, aptitude of some animals for, 593, 599. ----, influence of, 595.

Don, river, rocks transported by, 208.

Donati on bed of Adriatic, 38, 71, 774.

Donny, Mr., cited, 557.

D'Orbigny, M. A., on abrupt transition from one fossil fauna to another, 184.

Dorsetshire, landslip in, 321. ----, waste of cliffs of, 319.

Dove, Mr., map of isothermal lines, 93.

Dover, waste of chalk cliffs of, 314. ----, depth of sea near, 315. ----, formation of Straits of, 315. ----, strata at foot of cliffs of, 314.

Downham buried by blown sand, 727.

Dranse, R., 210.

Drift, northern, fossil marine shells in, 186.

Drift-sand, fossils in, 727.

Drift-wood of Mississippi, 268. ----, abundant in North Sea, 744.

Drontheim, 529.

Droughts in S. America, animals destroyed by, 696.

Druids, their doctrines, 16.

Dufresnoy, M., geological map of France, 122. ----, on formation of Monte Nuovo, 371, 372. ----, on tuffs of Somma, 382. ----, on lavas of Vesuvius, 384.

Dujardin, M., on shells, &c., brought up by artesian well at Tours, 236.

Dumont, M., cited, 120, 328.

Dumoulin, M. on earthquakes in Chili, 453.

Dunes, hills of blown sand, 305, 307.

Dunwich destroyed by the sea, 310.

Durand, Lieut., on fossil quadrumana, 144.

Dureau de la Malle, M., cited, 584, 593.

Durham, waste of coast of, 303.

D'Urville, Capt, on temperature of Mediterranean, 296.

E.

Earth, antiquity of the, 21. ----, on changes in its axis, 80. ----, proportion of land and sea on surface, 125. ----, spheroidal form of the, 534. ----, mean density of the, 535. ----, attempt to calculate thickness of its crust, 536.

Earth, electric currents in the, 543. ----, sections of the (_see_ figs. 70, 71), 539. ----, effects produced by powers of vitality on surface, 708.

Earthquakes, chronologically described, 458, _et seq._ ----, energy of, probably uniform, 58. ----, earth's surface continually remodelled by, 102. ----, recurrence of, at stated periods, accidental, 345. ----, felt at sea, 358. ----, land elevated by, 458, 455, 457, 462. ----, all countries liable to slight shocks of, 358. ----, phenomena attending, 452. ----, in Cutch, 1819 (_see_ Map), 460. ----, in Calabria, 1783, 471. ----, difficulty of measuring the effects of, 477. ----, chasms formed by, 479. ----, excavation of valleys aided by, 488. ----, renovating effects of, 565. ----, cause of the wave-like motion of, 475, 558. ----, cause of great waves and retreat of sea during, 496, 498. ----, ravages caused by sea during, 499, 501, 730. ----, connection between state of atmosphere and, 561. ----, people entombed in caverns during, 736. ----, causes of volcanoes and, 533. ----, recurrence of, in certain zones of country, 172. ----, of Lisbon, area over which it extended, 496. ----, more frequent in winter, 561.

Eccles, old church of, buried under blown sand, 306.

Edmonstone Island, 279.

Eels, migration of, 647.

Egypt nearly exempt from earthquakes, 9, 358.

Egypt, towns buried under drift-sand in, 726. ----, date of civilization of, according to Bunsen, 636.

Egyptian cosmogony, 8. ----, mummies identical with living species, 585.

Ehrenberg, on Bengal tiger in Siberia, 77. ----, on origin of bog-iron ore, 722. ----, on corals of Red Sea, 777. ----, on ashes enveloping Pompeii, 388. ----, on infusoria in volcanic tuff, 389.

Electricity, a source of volcanic heat, 542. ----, whence derived, 543.

Elephant, fossil, in ice, 45, 80. ----, covered with hair in Delhi, 81. ----, sagacity of, not attributable to intercourse with man, 598. ----, their powers of swimming, 636.

Elevation of land, how caused, 29, 448, 444, 453, 455, 457. ----, proofs of, slow and gradual, 170, 184, 518, 563.

Elevation and subsidence, proportion of, 564. ----, alternate areas of, in Pacific, 790.

Elevation crater theory, 371, 380, 420.

Elevation, valleys of, 420.

Elizabeth or Henderson's Island, upraised atoll of, 788, 794.

Elsa, travertin formed by the, 239.

Embankment, system of, in Italy, 255.

Emu in Australia will become exterminated, 684.

Englehardt on the Caspian Sea, 157.

England, waste of cliffs on coast of, 303. ----, slight earthquakes felt in, 358. ----, height of tides on coast of, 291, 308. ----, tertiary strata of, 76.

Eocene period, fossils of the, 142, 144, 183.

Epomeo, Mount, in Ischia, 362.

Equatorial current, 95.

Equinoxes, precession of the, 100, 537.

Erebus, Mount, the active volcano of, 99.

Erie, Lake, peninsula cut through by, 333. ----, waste of cliffs in, 333.

Erman, M., on eruptions in Kamschatka, 353.

Erratic blocks, 122, 154, 220. ----, icebergs charged with, 86.

Erratic blocks, submarine, laid dry by upheaval, 229.

Eruptions, volcanic, number of per year, 450. ----, cause of, 533.

Erzgebirge, mica slate of the, 48.

Escher, M., on flood in valley of Bagnes, 211.

Eschscholtz Bay, fossils of, 82.

Essex, tertiary strata of, 76. ----, inroads of sea on coast of, 311.

Estuaries, how formed, 327, 337. ----, imbedding of freshwater species in, 768.

Etna, description of and its eruptions, 396 to 424. ----, towns overflowed by lava of, 400, 728. ----, subterranean caverns on, 401. ----, a glacier under lava on, 412. ----, marine formations at its base, 401. ----, antiquity of cone of, 422.

Euganean Hills, lavas of, 359.

Euphrates, delta of advancing rapidly, 284.

Euxine burst its barrier, according to Strabo, 14. ----, gradually filling up, 14. ----, _See_ Black Sea.

Evaporation, water carried off by, 260, 294, 334. ----, currents caused by, 294.

Everest, Rev. E., on climate of fossil elephant, 81. ----, on sediment of Ganges, 282.

Excavation of valleys, 488.

Expansion of rocks by heat, 560.

Extinction of species, 697, 701. ----, of animals, 700, 702.

F.

Fabio Colonna, 23.

Facial angle, 608.

Fair Island, action of the sea on, 301.

Falconer, Dr., on fossil quadrumana, 144. ----, on crocodiles of Ganges, 277.

Falconer, Dr., on peat near Calcutta, 280.

Falconi on elevation of coast of Baiae, 367.

Falkland Islands, quadrupeds of, 141, 635.

Falloppio on fossils, 21.

Falls of Niagara, 214. ----, of St. Mary, 254.

Faluns of Touraine, 142.

Faraday, Mr., on water of the Geysers, 246. ----, on slow deposition of sulphate of baryta, 343. ----, on electric currents In the earth, 543. ----, on metallic reduction by voltaic agency, 548. ----, on liquefaction of gases, 560.

Faroe Islands, deposits forming near the, 774.

Farquharson, Rev. J., on floods in Scotland, 208. ----, on formation of ground ice, 222.

Faujas, on Velay and Vivarais, 1779, 49.

Faults, 162.

Fauna formerly as diversified as now, 160. ----, arctic, described by Sir J. Richardson, 634.

Felspar, decomposition of, 247.

Ferrara on lavas of Etna, 283. ----, on floods on Etna, 412. ----, on earthquake in Sicily, 471.

Ferruginous springs, 247.

Fez, earthquakes in, 358.

Fife, trap rocks of, 160. ----, coast of, submarine forests on, 303. ----, encroachments of sea on, 203.

Findhorn town swept away by sea, 302.

Fish, their distribution, and migrations, 646. ----, fossil, 745. ----, fossil of coal formation, 136.

Fissures, sulphur, &c., ejected by, 470. ----, caused by Calabrian earthquake, 479, 480, 481. ----, caused by earthquake near New Madrid, 468. ----, preservation of organic remains in, 732.

Fitton, Dr., on history of English geology, 51.

Fitzroy, Capt., on earthquake in Chili, 1835, 453, 455.

Flamborough Head, waste of, 303.

Fleming, Dr., on uniformity in climate, 74. ----, on fossil elephant, 76. ----, on submarine forests, 303. ----, on rapid flight of birds, 646. ----, on turtles taken on coast of England, 645. ----, on changes in the animal kingdom caused by man, 683. ----, on stranding of cetacea, 771.

Flinders on coral reefs, 776, 791.

Flint on course of Mississippi, &c., 264, 265. ----, on earthquakes in Mississippi valley, 466.

Floods, by bursting of lakes, 269. ----, in North America, 209. ----, in valley of Bagnes, 210. ----, in Scotland, 207, 750. ----, traditions of, 499, 501. ----, causes which may give rise to, 156. ----, at Tivoli, 211. ----, caused by melting of snow by lava, 348, 411. ----, _See_ Deluge.

Flysch, of the Alps, eocene, 124.

Folkstone, subsidence of land at, 316.

Fontenelle, his eulogy on Palissy, 23.

Foot-marks, fossil, in North America, 136.

Forbes, Prof. E., on glacial epoch, 86. ----, on fossils of tertiary, 184. ----, on new island in Gulf of Santorin, 443. ----, on regions of depth in AEgean Sea, 649. ----, on migration of mollusca, 651. ----, cited, 703.

Forbes, Prof. J. D., on glacier motion, 224. ----, on rate of flowing of lava, 378, 400. ----, on temple of Serapis, 515, 517.

Forchhammer, Dr., on boulders drifted by ice, 231. ----, on peat, 719.

Forests, influence of, 712, 713, 715. ----, sites of, now covered by peat, 720. ----, destroyed by insects, 717. ----, submarine, 303, 323, 746.

Forests, submerged. In Colombia R. by landslides, 215.

Forfarshire, waste of coast of, 302. ----, marl lakes of, 766, 796.

Forshey, Mr., on Mississippi, 264, 271.

Forster, Mr., on coral reefs, 778.

Forsyth on climate of Italy, 395.

Fortis cited, 42. ----, views of Arduino confirmed by, 48. ----, and Testa on fossil fish, 44.

Fort William, near Calcutta, artesian well, 280.

Fossiliferous formations, breaks in the series, 180.

Fossilization of organic remains on emerged land, 718, 775. ----, in peat mosses, 722. ----, In caves and fissures, 732. ----, in alluvium and landslips, 730. ----, in volcanic formations on land, 349, 728. ----, in subaqueous deposits, 742, 753. ----, in marl lakes, 752.

Fossils, early speculations concerning their nature, 19, 24 to 27. ----, distinctness of secondary and tertiary, 119. ----, mammiferous of tertiary eras, 137, 140. ----, why distinct in successive groups, 190. ----, _See_ Organic Remains.

Fossil trees, upright position of some, 91.

Fourier, Baron, on temperature of spaces surrounding our atmosphere, 108. ----, on central heat, 127. ----, on radiation of heat, 127.

Fox, Mr., on heat in mines, 538. ----, on electric currents in the earth, 543.

France, waste of coast of, 324. ----, caves of, 737.

Franconia, caves of, 736.

Franklin, on a whirlwind in Maryland, 619.

Fremont, Capt., on submerged forests in Columbia, 270.

Freshwater plants and animals fossilized, 766, 768. ----, strata in Cashmere, 762.

Freyberg, school at, 46, 52.

Fries, on dispersion of cryptogamic plants, 620.

Fringing reef, nature and origin of, 785. ----, upraised, 794.

Fuchsel, opinions of, 1762, 43.

Funchal. rise of sea at, during earthquake, 496.

Fundy, Bay of, wave called the "bore" in, 332.

G.

_Gaillonella ferruginea_, 722.

Galapagos, peculiar character of the fauna of 139, 635, 643. ----, island, tameness of birds in, 597. ----, Archipelago, craters form hills in, 372.

Galongoon, great eruption of, 353, 430.

Gambier coral island, 783, 787.

Ganges, delta of, and Brahmapootra, 275 to 284. ----, antiquity of delta of, 281. ----, quantity of sediment in waters of, 278. ----, islands formed by the, 276. ----, bones of men found in delta of. 757. ----, artesian borings in delta of, 268.

Gardner, Mr., on unexplored Antarctic land, 99.

Gases, liquefaction of, 560. ----, evolved by volcanoes, 549.

Gefle, upraised shelly deposits near, 526, 528.

Gemmellaro on Etna, 408. ----, on ice under lava, 412.

Generation, spontaneous, theory of, 22.

Generelli. on state of geology in Europe in middle of eighteenth century, 35, 53.

Geneva, lake of, delta of Rhone in, 252.

Geognosy of Werner, 46.

Geographical distribution of plants, 613. ----, of animals, 629. ----, of birds, 642. ----, of reptiles, 644. ----, of fishes, 646. ----, of testacea. 649. ----, of zoophytes, 653.

Geographical distribution of insects, 654. ----, of man, 659.

Geography, proofs of former changes in physical, 114,121. ----, effect of changes in, on species, 690.

Geological society of London, 59. ----, theories, causes of error in, 61.

Geology defined, 1. ----, distinct from cosmogony, 3. ----, causes of its retardation, 24, 55, 61. ----, state of, before eighteenth century, 86. ----, modern progress of, 58.

Georgia, Island of, snow to level of sea in, 99, 108. ----, U. S., new ravines formed in, 205.

Gerbanites, an Arabian sect, their doctrines, 14.

German Ocean, filling up, 340.

Gesner, John, on organic remains, 41.

Geysers of Iceland, 533, 553. ----, cause of their intermittent action, 555.

Gibraltar, birds' bones in breccia at, 740. ----, Straits of, 383.

Gironde, tides in its estuary, 338.

Glacial epoch, 75.

Glacier under lava, on Etna, 412. ----, moraines of, 223. ----, view of, 223.

Glaciers, formation of, 222 to 227. ----, motion of, 228. ----, of Spitzbergen, 96. ----, transportation of rocks by, 155.

Glen Tilt, granite veins of, 51.

Gloucestershire, gain of land in, 324.

Gmelin on distribution of fish, 648.

Goats, multiplication of, in South America, 686.

Goeppert, Prof., 87. ----, on fossilization of plants, 747.

Golden age, doctrine whence derived, 9.

Goodwin Sands, 814.

Gothenburg, rise of land near, 526.

Graab, Capt., on subsidence of Greenland, 530.

Graham, Mrs., on earthquake of Chili in 1822, 459.

Graham Island, newly formed in 1831, 432. ----, supposed section of, 435.

Granite of the Hartz, Werner on, 47. ----, disintegration of, 221, 346. ----, formed at different periods, 177. ----, veins observed by Hutton in Glen Tilt, 51.

Grant, Capt., on Chilian earthquake, 462.

Graves, Capt., on diffusion of insects by winds, 656. ----, survey of Santorin by, 441.

Gray, Mr., on _Mytilus polymorphus_, 658.

Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia, 724.

Grecian Archipelago, new isles of the, 43. ----, volcanoes of the, 355, 442, 450.

Greece, earthquakes in, 355. ----, traditions of deluges in, 356.

Greeks, geology of, 13.

Greenland, why colder than Lapland, 94. ----, gradual subsidence of, 530, 562. ----, timber drifted to shores of, 745.

Grevllle, Dr., on drift sea-weed, 623.

Groins described, 818.

Grooves in rocks formed by glaciers, 155, 227, 228.

Grotto del Cane, 248.

Ground ice, 221. ----, transporting rocks in Baltic, 231.

Guadalonpe, human skeletons of 757.

Guatemala, active volcanoes in, 349.

Gulana, partly formed by sediment of Amazon, 342.

Guilding, Rev. L., on migration of Boa Constrictor, 646.

Guinea current, 296.

Guinea, New, mammalia of, 682.

Gulf stream, 96, 292, 294. 621. ----, stream aids migration of fish, 648.

Guyot, M., on glacier motion, 224.

Gyrogonite described, 766.

H.

Habitations of plants described, 614.

Hales, Dr., on epoch of the creation, 659.

Hall, Sir J., his experiments on rocks, 51. ----, Captain B., on flood in valley of Bagnes, 211. ----, on the trade-winds, 295. ----, on temple of Serapis, 512. ----, Mr., State Geologist of New York, 216, 218. ----, Mr. J., on temple of Serapis, 512.

Hamilton, Mr. W. J., on volcanoes near Smyrna, 355. ----, Sir W., on Herculaneum, 389. ----, on earthquake in Calabria, 473, 483, 485. ----, Sir W., on formation of Monte Nuovo, 367. ----, on eruption of Vesuvius in 1779, 377.

Hamilton, Sir C., on submerged houses in Port Royal, 504.

Hampshire, Brander on fossils of, 44. ----, submarine forest on coast of, 746.

Harcourt, Rev. W. V. V., on bones of mammoth, &c., in Yorkshire, 76.

Harris, Hon. C., on sunk vessel near Poole, 758. ----, on submarine forest, Hampshire, 746.

Hartmann, Dr., on fossils of Hartz, 48.

Hartz mountains, 48.

Harwich, waste of cliffs at, 811.

Hatfleld moss, trees found in, 721.

Head, Sir Edmund, on temple of Serapis, 512.

Heat, laws which govern the diffusion of, 93.

Heat, whether gradual decline of, in globe, 129. ----, expansion of rocks by, 561.

Heber, Bishop, on animals of Himalaya, 81.

Hecla, columnar basalt of, 48. ----, eruptions of, 424.

Helena, St, bounded by lofty shores, 622.

Heligoland, inroads of sea on, 329.

Helix, range of species of, 650.

Henderson on eruption of Skaptar Jokul, 1783, 425.

Henderson's Island described, 788.

Henslow, Rev. Prof., on the cowslip, 590. ----, on diffusion of plants, 624.

Herbert, Hon. Mr., on varieties and hybrids in plants, 590, 605.

Herculaneum, 385, 389.

Herne Bay, waste of cliffs in, 312.

Herodotus cited, 8, 261.

Herschel, Sir J. F. W, on varying heat received by the two hemispheres, 100. ----, on astronomical causes of changes in climate, 126. ----, on variable splendor of stars, 128. ----, on the trade-winds, 297. ----, on height of Etna, 396. ----, on form of the earth, 534. ----, on Geysers of Iceland, 555. ----, on the effects of heat on seeds, 621. ----, on the author's theory of climate, 92.

Herschel, Sir W., on the elementary matter of the earth, 533.

Hewett, Capt, on rise of tides, 291. ----, on currents, 293. ----, on banks in North Sea, 808, 840.

Hibbert, Dr., on the Shetland Islands, 299, 300.

Hilaire, M. Geof. St., on animal kingdom, 567.

Himalaya mountains, animals inhabiting the, 81. ----, height of perpetual snow on, 112.

Hindoo cosmogony, 4. ----, town buried, 731.

Hindostan, earthquakes in, 494.

Hippopotamus indicates warmth of river, 75.

Hitchcock, Report on Geol. of Massachusetts, 137.

Hoff, Von, on level of Caspian, 18. ----, on encroachments of sea, 331, 332. ----, on earthquakes, 359. ----, on human remains in delta of Ganges, 757. ----, on a buried vessel, 758.

Hoffmann, M., on lavas of Vesuvius, 379. ----, on Etna, 415, 416.

Holland, gradual sinking of coast, 327. ----, inroads of sea in, 328. ----, submarine peat in, 770.

Hooke on duration of species, 27, 28. ----, on earthquakes, 27, 29, 503.

Hooker, Dr. J., on Icebergs in antarctic seas, 229. ----, on tropical plants, 614. ----, floras of islands in Southern Ocean, 615. ----, on flora of Galapagos Islands, 616. ----, on wide range of certain plants, 618, 621, 623. ----, on delta of Ganges, 280. ----, on rain in India, 200.

Hocker, Sir W., on eruption of Skaptar Jokul, 425. ----, his view of the crater of the great Geyser, 554. ----, on drifting of a fox on ice, 680.

Hopkins, Mr., on glacier motion, 224, 225. ----, on thickness of earth's crust, 536.

Hopkins, Mr., on astronomical causes of change of climate, 128. ----, on changes of climate, 93. ----, on earthquakes, 453. ----, on M. E. de Beaumont's theory of mountain chains, 170.

Hordwell, loss of land at, 318.

Horner, Mr., on brine springs, 247. ----, on submarine forest in Somersetshire, 323. ----, dissertation on coal, 91.

Horsburgh, Capt, on icebergs in low latitudes, 99.

Horsburgh on coral islands, 782, 787.

Horses drowned in rivers in South America, 750.

Horsfield, Dr., on earthquakes in Java, 471, 494. ----, on distribution of _Mydaus meliceps_ in Java, 639.

Hubbard, Prof., cited, 210.

Huc, on Yaks frozen in ice in Thibet, 85.

Human race geologically modern, 660.

Human remains in peat mosses, 722. ----, in caves, 735, 736, 739. ----, their durability, 147, 757. ----, in delta of Ganges, 757. ----, in calcareous rock at Guadaloupe, 757. ----, in breccias in the Morea, 735.

Humber, warp of the, 288. ----, encroachment of sea in its estuary, 304.

Humboldt on laws regulating diffusion of heat, 93. ----, on preservation of animals in frozen mud, 85. ----, on distribution of land and sea, 109. ----, on transportation of sediment by currents, 342. ----, his definition of volcanic action, 345. ----, on mud eruptions in the Andes, 348. ----, on volcanic eruptions in Tartary, 355. ----, on eruption of Jorullo, 428. ----, on earthquakes, 466, 470. ----, on distribution of species, 613, 614. ----, on migrations of animals, 644, 656, 685. ----, cited, 8, 77, 84. ----, on earthquake in New Madrid, 466. ----, on earthquake of Lisbon, 495. ----, on mud volcanoes, 448.

Humboldt, W. von, on dawn of oriental civilization, 659.

Humming-birds, distribution, &c., 97, 643.

Hunter, John, on mule animals, 601.

Huron, Lake, recent strata of, 768.

Hurricanes connected with earthquakes, 731. ----, plants drifted to sea by, 745.

Hurst Castle shingle bank, 318.

Hutchinson, John, his "Moses's Principia," 33.

Hutton, distinguished geology from cosmogony, 3. ----, on igneous rocks and granite, 51. ----, represented oldest rock as derivatives, 52.

Huttonian theory, 51, 57.

Hybrid races, Lamarck on, 572. ----, animals, 600. ----, plants, 602.

Hydrogen, deoxidating power of, 547. ----, flame of; seen in eruption of Vesuvius, 378. ----, why not found in a separate form among volcanic gases, 548.

Hydrophytes, distribution of, 617, 623.

Hydrostatic pressure of ascending lava, 416, 553.

Hypogene rocks, 178.

Hyracotherium, Eocene mammifer, 142.

Hythe, encroachments of sea at, 316.