Part I

. 160.

[333] Mercurius Rusticus, xii. 115. Barwick's Life, p. 42.

[334] This actor was a comedian named Robinson, of the Blackfriars Theatre; the performers there being termed "the king's servants." In the civil wars most of the young actors, deprived of living by their profession, all theatres being closed by order of the Parliament, went into the king's army. Robinson was fighting at the siege of Basing House, in Hampshire, October, 1645, when after an obstinate defence his party was defeated, he laid down his arms, suing for quarter, but was shot through the head by Colonel Harrison, as he repeated the words quoted above.

[335] The following account is drawn from Sir William Dugdale's interleaved Pocket-book for 1648.--"Aug. 17. The Scotch army, under the command of Duke Hamilton, defeated at Preston in Lancashire. 24th. The Moorlanders rose upon the Scots and stript some of them. The Scotch prisoners miserably used; exposed to eat cabbage-leaves in Ridgley (Staffordshire), and carrot-tops in Coleshill (Warwickshire). The soldiers who guarded them sold the victuals which were brought in for them from the country."

[336] Desodoard's Histoire Philosophique de la Révolution de France, iv. 5. When Lyons was captured in 1793, the revolutionary army nearly reduced this fine city to a heap of ruins, in obedience to the decree of the Montagne, who had ordered its name to be effaced, that it should henceforth be termed, "Commune affranchie," and upon its ruins a column erected and inscribed, "Lyon fit la guerre à la liberté; Lyon n'est plus."

[337] The _Moderate_, from Tuesday, July 31, to August 7, 1649.

LIFE AND HABITS OF A LITERARY ANTIQUARY.--OLDYS AND HIS MANUSCRIPTS.

Such a picture may be furnished by some unexpected materials which my inquiries have obtained of Oldys. This is a sort of personage little known to the wits, who write more than they read, and to their volatile votaries, who only read what the wits write. It is time to vindicate the honours of the few whose laborious days enrich the stores of national literature, not by the duplicates but the supplements of knowledge. A literary antiquary is that idler whose life is passed in a perpetual _voyage autour de ma chambre_; fervent in sagacious diligence, instinct with the enthusiasm of curious inquiry, critical as well as erudite; he has to arbitrate between contending opinions, to resolve the doubtful, to clear up the obscure, and to grasp at the remote; so busied with other times, and so interested for other persons than those about him, that he becomes the inhabitant of the visionary world of books. He counts only his days by his acquisitions, and may be said by his original discoveries to be the CREATOR OF FACTS; often exciting the gratitude of the literary world, while the very name of the benefactor has not always descended with the inestimable labours.

Such is the man whom we often find leaving, when he dies, his favourite volumes only an incomplete project! and few of this class of literary men have escaped the fate reserved for most of their brothers. Voluminous works have been usually left unfinished by the death of the authors; and it is with them as with the planting of trees, of which Johnson has forcibly observed, "There is a frightful interval between the seed and timber." And he admirably remarks, what I cannot forbear applying to the labours I am now to describe: "He that calculates the growth of trees has the remembrance of the shortness of life driven hard upon him. He knows that he is doing what will never benefit himself; and where he rejoices to see the stem rise, is disposed to repine that another shall cut it down." The days of the patriotic Count Mazzuchelli were freely given to his national literature; and six invaluable folios attest the gigantic force of his immense erudition; yet these only carry us through the letters A and B: and though Mazzuchelli had finished for the press other volumes, the torpor of his descendants has defrauded Europe of her claims.[338] The Abbé Goujet, who had designed a classified history of his national literature, in the eighteen volumes we possess, could only conclude that of the translators, and commence that of the poets; two other volumes in manuscript have perished. That great enterprise of the Benedictines, the "Histoire Litéraire de la France," now consists of twelve large quartos, and the industry of its successive writers has only been able to carry it to the twelfth century. David Clement designed the most extensive bibliography which had ever appeared; but the diligent life of the writer could only proceed as far as H. The alphabetical order, which so many writers of this class have adopted, has proved a mortifying memento of human life! Tiraboschi was so fortunate as to complete his great national history of Italian literature. But, unhappily for us, Thomas Warton, after feeling his way through the darker ages of our poetry, in planning the map of the beautiful land, of which he had only a Pisgah-sight, expired amidst his volumes. The most precious portion of Warton's history is but the fragment of a fragment.

Oldys, among this brotherhood, has met perhaps with a harder fate; his published works, and the numerous ones to which he contributed, are now highly appreciated by the lovers of books; but the larger portion of his literary labours have met with the sad fortune of dispersed, and probably of wasted manuscripts. Oldys's manuscripts, or O. M. as they are sometimes designated, are constantly referred to by every distinguished writer on our literary history. I believe that not one of them could have given us any positive account of the manuscripts themselves! They have indeed long served as the solitary sources of information--but like the well at the wayside, too many have drawn their waters in silence.

Oldys is chiefly known by the caricature of the facetious Grose; a great humourist, both with pencil and with pen: it is in a posthumous scrap-book, where Grose deposited his odds and ends, and where there is perhaps not a single story which is not satirical. Our lively antiquary, who cared more for rusty armour than for rusty volumes, would turn over these flams and quips to some confidential friend, to enjoy together a secret laugh at their literary intimates. His eager executor, who happened to be his bookseller, served up the poignant hash to the public as "Grose's Olio!"[339] The delineation of Oldys is sufficiently overcharged for "the nonce." One prevalent infirmity of honest Oldys, his love of companionship over too social a glass, sends him down to posterity in a grotesque attitude; and Mr. Alexander Chalmers, who has given us the fullest account of Oldys, has inflicted on him something like a sermon, on "a state of intoxication."

Alas! Oldys was an outcast of fortune,[340] and the utter simplicity of his heart was guileless as a child's--ever open to the designing. The noble spirit of a Duke of Norfolk once rescued the long-lost historian of Rawleigh from the confinement of the Fleet, where he had existed, probably forgotten by the world, for six years. It was by an act of grace that the duke safely placed Oldys in the Heralds' College as Norroy King of Arms.[341] But Oldys, like all shy and retired men, had contracted peculiar habits and close attachments for a few; both these he could indulge at no distance. He liked his old associates in the purlieus of the Fleet, whom he facetiously dignified as "his Rulers," and there, as I have heard, with the grotesque whim of a herald, established "The Dragon Club." Companionship yields the poor man unpurchased pleasures. Oldys, busied every morning among the departed wits and the learned of our country, reflected some image from them of their wit and learning to his companions: a secret history as yet untold, and ancient wit, which, cleared of the rust, seemed to him brilliant as the modern!

It is hard, however, for a literary antiquary to be caricatured, and for a herald to be ridiculed about an "unseemly reeling with the coronet of the Princess Caroline, which looked unsteady on the cushion, to the great scandal of his brethren,"--a circumstance which could never have occurred at the burial of a prince or princess, as the coronet is carried by Clarencieux, and not by Norroy. Oldys's deep potations of ale, however, give me an opportunity of bestowing on him the honour of being the author of a popular Anacreontic song. Mr. Taylor informs me that "Oldys always asserted that he was the author of the well-known song--

Busy, curious, thirsty fly!

and as he was a rigid lover of truth, I doubt not that he wrote it." My own researches confirm it: I have traced this popular song through a dozen of collections since the year 1740, the first in which I find it. In the later collections an original inscription has been dropped, which the accurate Ritson has restored, without, however, being able to discover the writer. In 1740 it is said to have been "made extempore by a gentleman, occasioned by a _fly_ drinking out of his _cup of ale_;"--the accustomed potion of poor Oldys![342]

Grose, however, though a great joker on the peculiarities of Oldys, was far from insensible to the extraordinary acquisitions of the man. "His knowledge of English books has hardly been exceeded." Grose, too, was struck by the delicacy of honour, and the unswerving veracity which so strongly characterised Oldys, of which he gives a remarkable instance.[343] We are concerned in ascertaining the moral integrity of the writer, whose main business is with history.

At a time when our literary history, excepting in the solitary labour of Anthony Wood, was a forest, with neither road nor pathway, Oldys, fortunately placed in the library of the Earl of Oxford, yielded up his entire days to researches concerning the books and the men of the preceding age. His labours were then valueless, their very nature not yet ascertained, and when he opened the treasures of our ancient lore in "The British Librarian," it was closed for want of public encouragement. Our writers, then struggling to create an age of genius of their own, forgot that they had had any progenitors; or while they were acquiring new modes of excellence, that they were losing others, to which their posterity or the national genius might return. (To know, and to admire only, the literature and the tastes of our own age, is a species of elegant barbarism.)[344] Spenser was considered nearly as obsolete as Chaucer; Milton was veiled by oblivion, and Shakspeare's dramas were so imperfectly known, that in looking over the play-bills of 1711, and much later, I find that whenever it chanced that they were acted, they were always announced to have been "written by Shakspeare." Massinger was unknown; and Jonson, though called "immortal" in the old play-bills, lay entombed in his two folios. The poetical era of Elizabeth, the eloquent age of James the First, and the age of wit of Charles the Second, were blanks in our literary history. Bysshe, compiling an Art of Poetry in 1718, passed by in his collection "_Spenser and the poets of his age_, because their language is now become so obsolete that most readers of our age have no ear for them, and therefore _Shakspeare_ himself is so _rarely cited_ in my collection." The _best_ English poets were considered to be the _modern_; a taste which is always obstinate!

All this was nothing to Oldys; his literary curiosity anticipated by half a century the fervour of the present day. This energetic direction of all his thoughts was sustained by that life of discovery which in literary researches is starting novelties among old and unremembered things; contemplating some ancient tract as precious as a manuscript, or revelling in the volume of a poet whose passport of fame was yet delayed in its way; or disinterring the treasure of some secluded manuscript, whence he drew a virgin extract; or raising up a sort of domestic intimacy with the eminent in arms, in politics, and in literature in this visionary life, life itself with Oldys was insensibly gliding away--its cares almost unfelt!

The life of a literary antiquary partakes of the nature of those who, having no concerns of their own, busy themselves with those of others. Oldys lived in the back ages of England; he had crept among the dark passages of Time, till, like an old gentleman usher, he seemed to be reporting the secret history of the courts which he had lived in. He had been charmed among their masques and revels, had eyed with astonishment their cumbrous magnificence, when knights and ladies carried on their mantles and their cloth of gold ten thousand pounds' worth of ropes of pearls, and buttons of diamonds; or, descending to the gay court of the second Charles, he tattled merry tales, as in that of the first he had painfully watched, like a patriot or a loyalist, a distempered era. He had lived so constantly with these people of another age, and had so deeply interested himself in their affairs, and so loved the wit and the learning which are often bright under the rust of antiquity, that his own uncourtly style is embrowned with the tint of a century old. But it was this taste and curiosity which alone could have produced the extraordinary volume of Sir Walter Rawleigh's life--a work richly inlaid with the most curious facts and the juxtaposition of the most remote knowledge; to judge by its fulness of narrative, it would seem rather to have been the work of a contemporary.[345]

It was an advantage in this primæval era of literary curiosity, that those volumes which are now not even to be found in our national library, where certainly they are perpetually wanted, and which are now so excessively appreciated, were exposed on stalls, through the reigns of Anne and the two Georges.[346] Oldys encountered no competitor, cased in the invulnerable mail of his purse, to dispute his possession of the rarest volume. On the other hand, our early collector did not possess our advantages; he could not fly for instant aid to a "Biographia Britannica," he had no history of our poetry, nor even of our drama. Oldys could tread in no man's path, for every soil about him was unbroken ground. He had to create everything for his own purposes. We gather fruit from trees which others have planted, and too often we but "pluck and eat."

_Nulla dies sine linea_, was his sole hope while he was accumulating masses of notes; and as Oldys never used his pen from the weak passion of scribbling, but from the urgency of preserving some substantial knowledge, or planning some future inquiry, he amassed nothing but what he wished to remember. Even the minuter pleasures of settling a date, or classifying a title-page, were enjoyments to his incessant pen. Everything was acquisition. This never-ending business of research appears to have absorbed his powers, and sometimes to have dulled his conceptions. No one more aptly exercised the _tact_ of discovery; he knew where to feel in the dark: but he was not of the race--that race indeed had not yet appeared among us--who could melt into their Corinthian brass the mingled treasures of Research, Imagination, and Philosophy!

We may be curious to inquire where our literary antiquary deposited the discoveries and curiosities which he was so incessantly acquiring. They were dispersed, on many a fly-leaf, in occasional memorandum-books; in ample marginal notes on his authors--they were sometimes thrown into what he calls his "parchment budgets," or "Bags of Biography--of Botany--of Obituary"--of "Books relative to London," and other titles and bags, which he was every day filling.[347] Sometimes his collections seem to have been intended for a series of volumes, for he refers to "My first Volume of Tables of the eminent Persons celebrated by English Poets"--to another of "Poetical Characteristics." Among those manuscripts which I have seen, I find one mentioned, apparently of a wide circuit, under the reference of "My Biographical Institutions. Part third; containing a Catalogue of all the English Lives, with Historical and Critical Observations on them." But will our curious or our whimsical collectors of the present day endure without impatience the loss of a quarto manuscript, which bears this rich condiment for its title--"Of London Libraries; with Anecdotes of Collectors of Books; Remarks on Booksellers; and on the first Publishers of Catalogues?" Oldys left ample annotations on "Fuller's Worthies," and "Winstanley's Lives of the Poets," and on "Langbaine's Dramatic Poets." The late Mr. Boswell showed me a _Fuller_ in the Malone collection, with Steevens's transcriptions of _Oldys's notes_, which Malone purchased for 43_l._ at Steevens's sale; but where is the original copy of Oldys? The "Winstanley," I think, also reposes in the same collection. The "Langbaine" is far-famed, and is preserved in the British Museum, the gift of Dr. Birch; it has been considered so precious, that several of our eminent writers have cheerfully passed through the labour of a minute transcription of its numberless notes. In the history of the fate and fortune of books, that of Oldys's _Langbaine_ is too curious to omit. Oldys may tell his own story, which I find in the Museum copy, p. 336, and which copy appears to be a _second_ attempt; for of the _first_ Langbaine we have this account:--

When I left London in 1724, to reside in _Yorkshire_, I left in the care of the Rev. Mr. Burridge's family, with whom I had several years lodged, among many other books, goods, &c., a copy of this "Langbaine," in which I had wrote several notes and references to further knowledge of these poets. When I returned to London, 1730, I understood my books had been dispersed; and afterwards becoming acquainted with Mr. T. Coxeter, I found that he had bought my "Langbaine" of a bookseller who was a great collector of plays and poetical books: this must have been of service to him, and he has kept it so carefully from my sight, that I never could have the opportunity of transcribing into this I am now writing in the notes I had collected in that.[348]

This _first_ Langbaine, with additions by Coxeter, was bought, at the sale of his books, by Theophilus Cibber: on the strength of these notes he prefixed his name to the first collection of the "Lives of our Poets," which appeared in weekly numbers, and now form five volumes, written chiefly by Shiels, an amanuensis of Dr. Johnson. Shiels has been recently castigated by Mr. Gifford.

These literary jobbers nowhere distinguished Coxeter's and Oldys's curious matter from their own. Such was the fate of the _first_ copy of Langbaine, with _Oldys's notes_; but the _second_ is more important. At an auction of some of Oldys's books and manuscripts, of which I have seen a printed catalogue, Dr. Birch purchased this invaluable copy for three shillings and sixpence.[349] Such was the value attached to these original researches concerning our poets, and of which, to obtain only a transcript, very large sums have since been cheerfully given. The Museum copy of Langbaine is in Oldys's handwriting, not interleaved, but overflowing with notes, written in a very small hand about the margins, and inserted between the lines; nor may the transcriber pass negligently even its corners, otherwise he is here assured that he will lose some useful date, or the hint of some curious reference. The enthusiasm and diligence of Oldys, in undertaking a repetition of his first lost labour, proved to be infinitely greater than the sense of his unrequited labours. Such is the history of the escapes, the changes, and the fate of a volume which forms the groundwork of the most curious information concerning our elder poets, and to which we must still frequently refer.

In this variety of literary arrangements, which we must consider as single works in a progressive state, or as portions of one great work on our modern literary history, it may, perhaps, be justly suspected that Oldys, in the delight of perpetual acquisition, impeded the happier labour of unity of design and completeness of purpose. He was not a Tiraboschi--nor even a Niceron! He was sometimes chilled by neglect, and by "vanity and vexation of spirit," else we should not now have to count over a barren list of manuscript works; masses of literary history, of which the existence is even doubtful.

In Kippis's Biographia Britannica we find frequent references to O. M., Oldys's Manuscripts. Mr. John Taylor, the son of the friend and executor of Oldys, has greatly obliged me with all his recollections of this man of letters; whose pursuits, however, were in no manner analogous to his, and whom he could only have known in youth. By him I learn, that on the death of Oldys, Dr. Kippis, editor of the Biographia Britannica, looked over these manuscripts at Mr. Taylor's house. He had been directed to this discovery by the late Bishop of Dromore, whose active zeal was very remarkable in every enterprise to enlarge our literary history. Kippis was one who, in some degree, might have estimated their literary value; but, employed by commercial men, and negotiating with persons who neither comprehended their nature, nor affixed any value to them, the editor of the Biographia found Oldys's manuscripts an easy purchase for his employer, the late Mr. Cadell; and the twenty guineas, perhaps, served to bury their writer! Mr. Taylor says--"The manuscripts of Oldys were not so many as might be expected from so indefatigable a writer. They consisted chiefly of short extracts from books, and minutes of dates, and were _thought worth purchasing_ by the doctor. I remember the manuscripts well; though Oldys was not the author, but rather recorder." Such is the statement and the opinion of a writer whose effusions are of a gayer sort. But the researches of Oldys must not be estimated by this standard; with him a single line was the result of many a day of research, and a leaf of scattered hints would supply more _original knowledge_ than some octavos fashioned out by the hasty gilders and varnishers of modern literature. These _discoveries_ occupy small space to the eye; but large works are composed out of them. This very lot of Oldys's manuscripts was, indeed, so considerable in the judgment of Kippis, that he has described them as "_a large and useful body of biographical materials, left by Mr. Oldys_." Were these the "Biographical Institutes" Oldys refers to among his manuscripts? "The late Mr. Malone," continues Mr. Taylor, "told me that he had seen _all Oldys's manuscripts_; so I presume they are in the hands of Cadell and Davies." Have they met with the fate of sucked oranges?--and how much of Malone may we owe to Oldys?

This information enabled me to trace the manuscripts of Oldys to Dr. Kippis; but it cast me among the booksellers, who do not value manuscripts which no one can print. I discovered, by the late Mr. Davies, that the direction of that hapless work in our literary history, with its whole treasure of manuscripts, had been consigned by Mr. Cadell to the late George Robinson, and that the successor of Dr. Kippis had been the late Dr. George Gregory. Again I repeat, the history of voluminous works is a melancholy office; every one concerned with them no longer can be found! The esteemed relict of Dr. Gregory, with a friendly promptitude, gratified my anxious inquiries, and informed me, that "she perfectly recollects a mass of papers, such as I described, being returned, on the death of Dr. Gregory, to the house of Wilkie and Robinson, in the early part of the year 1809." I applied to this house, who, after some time, referred me to Mr. John Robinson, the representative of his late father, and with whom all the papers of the former partnership were deposited. But Mr. John Robinson has terminated my inquiries, by his civility in promising to comply with them, and his pertinacity in not doing so. He may have injured his own interest in not trading with my curiosity.[350] It was fortunate for the nation that George Vertue's mass of manuscripts escaped the fate of Oldys's; had the possessor proved as indolent, Horace Walpole would not have been the writer of his most valuable work, and we should have lost the "Anecdotes of Painting," of which Vertue had collected the materials.

Of a life consumed in such literary activity we should have known more had the _Diaries_ of Oldys escaped destruction. "One habit of my father's old friend, William Oldys," says Mr. Taylor, "was that of keeping a diary, and recording in it every day all the events that occurred, and all his engagements, and the employment of his time. I have seen piles of these books, but know not what became of them." The existence of such _diaries_ is confirmed by a sale catalogue of Thomas Davies, the literary bookseller, who sold many of the books and _some manuscripts of Oldys_, which appear to have been dispersed in various libraries. I find Lot "3627, Mr. Oldys's Diary, containing several observations relating to books, characters, &c.;" a single volume, which appears to have separated from the "piles" which Mr. Taylor once witnessed. The literary diary of Oldys could have exhibited the mode of his pursuits, and the results of his discoveries. One of these volumes I have fortunately discovered, and a singularity in this writer's feelings throws a new interest over such diurnal records. Oldys was apt to give utterance with his pen to his most secret emotions. Querulous or indignant, his honest simplicity confided to the paper before him such extemporaneous soliloquies, and I have found him hiding in the very corners of his manuscripts his "secret sorrows."

A few of these slight memorials of his feelings will exhibit a sort of _Silhouette_ likeness traced by his own hand, when at times the pensive man seems to have contemplated his own shadow. Oldys would throw down in verses, whose humility or quaintness indicates their origin, or by some pithy adage, or apt quotation, or recording anecdote, his self-advice, or his self-regrets!

Oppressed by a sense of tasks so unprofitable to himself, while his days were often passed in trouble and in prison, he breathes a self-reproach in one of these profound reflections of melancholy which so often startle the man of study, who truly discovers that life is too limited to acquire real knowledge, with the ambition of dispensing it to the world:--

I say, who too long in these cobwebs lurks, Is always whetting tools, but never works.

In one of the corners of his note-books I find this curious but sad reflection:--

Alas! this is but the apron of a fig-leaf--but the curtain of a cobweb.

Sometimes he seems to have anticipated the fate of that obscure diligence which was pursuing discoveries reserved for others to use:--

He heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them.

Fond treasurer of these stores, behold thy fate In Psalm the thirty-ninth, 6, 7, and 8.

Sometimes he checks the eager ardour of his pen, and reminds himself of its repose, in Latin, Italian, and English.

----Non vi, sed sæpe cadendo. Assai presto si fa quel che si fa bene.

Some respite best recovers what we need, Discreetly baiting gives the journey speed.

There was a thoughtless kindness in honest Oldys; and his simplicity of character, as I have observed, was practised on by the artful or the ungenerous. We regret to find the following entry concerning the famous collector, James West:--

I gave above threescore letters of Dr. Davenant to his son, who was envoy at Frankfort in 1703 to 1708, to Mr. James West,[351] with one hundred and fifty more, about Christmas, 1746: but the same fate they found as grain that is sown in barren ground.

Such is the plaintive record by which Oldys relieved himself of a groan! We may smile at the simplicity of the following narrative, where poor Oldys received manuscripts in lieu of money:--

Old Counsellor Fane, of Colchester, who, _in formâ pauperis_, deceived me of a good sum of money which he owed me, and not long after set up his chariot, gave me a parcel of manuscripts, and promised me others, which he never gave me, nor anything else, besides a barrel of oysters, and a manuscript copy of Randolph's poems, an original, as he said, with many additions, being devolved to him as the author's relation.

There was no end to his aids and contributions to every author or bookseller who applied to him; yet he had reason to complain of both while they were using his invaluable but not valued knowledge. Here is one of these diurnal entries:--

I lent the tragical lives and deaths of the famous pirates, Ward and Dansiker, 4to, London, 1612, by Robt. Daborn, alias Dabourne, to Mr. T. Lediard, when he was writing his Naval History, and he never returned it. See Howell's Letters of them.

In another, when his friend T. Hayward was collecting, for his "British Muse," the most exquisite commonplaces of our old English dramatists, a compilation which must not be confounded with ordinary ones, Oldys not only assisted in the labour, but drew up a curious introduction with a knowledge and love of the subject which none but himself possessed. But so little were these researches then understood, that we find Oldys, in a moment of vexatious recollection, and in a corner of one of the margins of his Langbaine, accidentally preserving an extraordinary circumstance attending this curious dissertation. Oldys having completed this elaborate introduction, "the penurious publisher insisted on leaving out one third part, which happened to be the best matter in it, because he would have it contracted into _one sheet_!" Poor Oldys never could forget the fate of this elaborate Dissertation on all the collections of English poetry; I am confident that I have seen some volume which was formerly Oldys's, and afterwards Thomas Warton's, in the possession of my intelligent friend Mr. Douce, in the fly-leaf of which Oldys has expressed himself in these words:--"In my historical and critical review of all the collections of this kind, it would have made a sheet and a half or two sheets; but they for sordid gain, and to save a little expense in print and paper, got Mr. John Campbell _to cross it and cramp it, and play the devil with it, till they squeezed it into less compass than a sheet_." This is a loss which we may never recover. The curious book-knowledge of this singular man of letters, those stores of which he was the fond treasurer, as he says with such tenderness for his pursuits, were always ready to be cast into the forms of a dissertation or an introduction; and when Morgan published his Collection of Rare Tracts, the friendly hand of Oldys furnished "A Dissertation upon Pamphlets, in a Letter to a Nobleman;" probably the Earl of Oxford, a great literary curiosity; and in the Harleian Collection he has given a _Catalogue raisonné_ of six hundred. When Mrs. Cooper attempted "The Muse's Library," the first essay which influenced the national taste to return to our deserted poets in our most poetical age, it was Oldys who only could have enabled this lady to perform that task so well.[352] When Curll, the publisher, to help out one of his hasty compilations, a "History of the Stage," repaired, like all the world, to Oldys, whose kindness could not resist the importunity of this busy publisher, he gave him a life of Nell Gwynn; while at the same moment Oldys could not avoid noticing, in one of his usual entries, an intended work on the stage, which we seem never to have had, "_Dick Leveridge's History of the Stage and Actors in his own Time_, for these forty or fifty years past, as he told me he had composed, is likely to prove, whenever it shall appear, a more perfect work." I might proceed with many similar gratuitous contributions with which he assisted his contemporaries. Oldys should have been constituted the reader for the nation. His _Comptes Rendus_ of books and manuscripts are still held precious; but his useful and curious talent had sought the public patronage in vain! From one of his "Diaries," which has escaped destruction, I transcribe some interesting passages _ad verbum_.

The reader is here presented with a minute picture of those invisible occupations which pass in the study of a man of letters. There are those who may be surprised, as well as amused, in discovering how all the business, even to the very disappointments and pleasures of active life, can be transferred to the silent chamber of a recluse student; but there are others who will not read without emotion the secret thoughts of him who, loving literature with its purest passion, scarcely repines at being defrauded of his just fame, and leaves his stores for the after-age of his more gifted heirs. Thus we open one of Oldys's literary days:--

I was informed that day by Mr. Tho. Odell's daughter, that her father, who was Deputy-Inspector and Licenser of the Plays, died 24 May, 1749, at his house in Chappel-street, Westminster, aged 58 years. He was writing a history of the characters he had observed, and conferences he had had with many eminent persons he knew in his time. He was a great observator of everything curious in the conversations of his acquaintance, and his own conversation was a living chronicle of the remarkable intrigues, adventures, sayings, stories, writings, &c., of many of the quality, poets, and other authors, players, booksellers, &c., who flourished especially in the present century. He had been a popular man at elections, and sometime master of the playhouse in Goodman's Fields, but latterly was forced to live reserved and retired by reason of his debts. He published two or three dramatic pieces, one was the _Patron_, on the story of Lord Romney.

Q. of his da. to restore me Eustace Budgell's papers, and to get a sight of her father's.

Have got the one, and seen the other.

July 31.--Was at Mrs. Odell's; she returned me Mr. Budgell's papers. Saw some of her husband's papers, mostly poems in favour of the ministry, and against Mr. Pope. One of them, printed by the late Sir Robert Walpole's encouragement, who gave him ten guineas for writing and as much for the expense of printing it; but through his advice it was never published, because it might hurt his interest with Lord Chesterfield, and some other noblemen who favoured Mr. Pope for his fine genius. The tract I liked best of his writings was the history of his playhouse in Goodman's Fields. (Remember that which was published against that playhouse, which I have entered in my London Catalogue. Letter to Sir Ric. Brocas, Lord Mayor, &c., 8vo, 1730.)

Saw nothing of the history of his conversations with ingenious men; his characters, tales, jests, and intrigues of them, of which no man was better furnished with them. She thinks she has some papers of these, and promises to look them out, and also to inquire after Mr. Griffin, of the Lord Chamberlain's office, that I may get a search made about _Spenser_.

So intent was Oldys on these literary researches that we see, by the last words of this entry, how in hunting after one sort of game, his undivided zeal kept his eye on another. One of his favourite subjects was the realising of original discoveries respecting Spenser and Shakspeare; of whom, perhaps, to our shame, as it is to our vexation, it may be said that two of our master-poets are those of whom we know the least! Oldys once flattered himself that he should be able to have given the world a Life of Shakspeare. Mr. John Taylor informs me, that "Oldys had contracted to supply ten years of the life of Shakspeare _unknown to the biographers_, with one Walker, a bookseller in the Strand; and as Oldys did not live to fulfil the engagement, my father was obliged to return to Walker twenty guineas which he had advanced on the work." _That interesting narrative is now hopeless for us._ Yet, by the solemn contract into which Oldys had entered, and from his strict integrity, it might induce one to suspect that he had made positive discoveries which are now irrecoverable.

We may observe the manner of his anxious inquiries about _Spenser_:--

Ask Sir Peter Thompson if it were improper to try if Lord Effingham Howard would procure the pedigrees in the Herald's office, to be seen for Edmund Spenser's parentage or family? or how he was related to Sir John Spenser of Althorpe, in Northamptonshire? to three of whose daughters, who all married nobility, Spenser dedicates three of his poems.

Of Mr. Vertue, to examine Stowe's memorandum-book. Look more carefully for the year when Spenser's monument was raised, or between which years the entry stands--1623 and 1626.

Sir Clement Cottrell's book about Spenser.

Captain Power, to know if he has heard from Capt. Spenser about my letter of inquiries relating to Edward Spenser.

Of Whiston, to examine if my remarks on Spenser are complete as to the press--Yes.

Remember, when I see Mr. W. Thompson, to inquire whether he has printed in any of his works any other character of our old poets than those of Spenser and Shakspeare;[353] and to get the liberty of a visit at Kentish Town, to see his _Collection of Robert Greene's Works_, in about _four large volumes quarto_. He commonly published a pamphlet every term, as his acquaintance Tom Nash informs us.

Two or three other memorials may excite a smile at his peculiar habits of study, and unceasing vigilance to draw from original sources of information.

_Dryden's Dream_, at Lord Exeter's, at Burleigh, while he was translating Virgil, as Signior Verrio, then painting there, related it to the Yorkshire painter, of whom I had it, lies in _the parchment

## book in quarto_, designed for his life.

At a subsequent period Oldys inserts, "Now entered therein." Malone quotes this very memorandum, which he discovered in _Oldys's Langbaine_, to show Dryden had some confidence in Oneirocriticism, and supposed that future events were sometimes prognosticated by dreams. Malone adds, "Where either the _loose_ prophetic _leaf_ or the _parchment book_ now is, I know not."[354]

Unquestionably we have incurred a great loss in Oldys's collections for Dryden's Life, which are very extensive; such a mass of literary history cannot have perished unless by accident; and I suspect that many of _Oldys's manuscripts_ are in the possession of individuals who are not acquainted with his hand-writing, which may be easily verified.

To search the old papers in one of my large deal boxes for Dryden's letter of thanks to my father, for some communication relating to Plutarch, while they and others were publishing a translation of Plutarch's Lives, in five volumes 8vo. 1683. It is copied in _the yellow book for Dryden's Life_, in which there are about 150 transcriptions, in prose and verse, relating to the life, character, and writings of Dryden.--Is England's Remembrancer extracted out of my _obit._ (obituary) into my remarks on him in the _poetical bag_?

My extracts in the _parchment budget_ about Denham's seat and family in Surrey.

My _white vellum pocket-book_, bordered with gold, for the extract from "Groans of Great Britain" about Butler.

See my account of the great yews in Tankersley's park, while Sir R. Fanshaw was prisoner in the lodge there; especially Talbot's yew, which a man on horseback might turn about in, in my _botanical budget_.

This Donald Lupton I have mentioned in my _catalogue_ of all the books and pamphlets relative to London in folio, begun anno 1740, and in which I have now, 1740, entered between 300 and 400 articles, besides remarks, &c. Now, in June, 1748, between 400 and 500 articles. Now, in October, 1750, six hundred and thirty-six.[355]

There remains to be told an anecdote which shows that Pope greatly regarded our literary antiquary. "Oldys," says my friend, "was one of the librarians of the Earl of Oxford, and he used to tell a story of the credit which he obtained as a scholar, by setting Pope right in a Latin quotation which he made at the earl's table. He did not, however, as I remember, boast of having been admitted as a guest at the table, but as happening to be in the room." Why might not Oldys, however, have been seated, at least below the salt? It would do no honour to either party to suppose that Oldys stood among the menials. The truth is, there appears to have existed a confidential intercourse between Pope and Oldys; of this I shall give a remarkable proof. In those fragments of Oldys, preserved as "additional anecdotes of Shakspeare," in Steevens's and Malone's editions, Oldys mentions a story of Davenant, which, he adds, "Mr. Pope told me at the Earl of Oxford's table!" And further relates a conversation which passed between them. Nor is this all; for in Oldys's Langbaine he put down this memorandum in the article of _Shakspeare_--"Remember what I observed to my Lord Oxford for Mr. Pope's use out of Cowley's preface." Malone appears to have discovered this observation of Cowley's, which is curious enough, and very ungrateful to that commentator's ideas: it is "to prune and lop away the old withered branches" in the new editions of Shakspeare and other ancient poets! "Pope adopted," says Malone, "this very unwarrantable idea; Oldys was the person who suggested to Pope the singular course he pursued in his edition of Shakspeare." Without touching on the felicity or the danger of this new system of republishing Shakspeare, one may say that if many passages were struck out, Shakspeare would not be injured, for many of them were never composed by that great bard! There not only existed a literary intimacy between Oldys and Pope, but our poet adopting his suggestions on so important an occasion, evinces how highly he esteemed his judgment; and unquestionably Pope had often been delighted by Oldys with the history of his predecessors, and the curiosities of English poetry.

I have now introduced the reader to Oldys sitting amidst his "poetical bags," his "parchment biographical budgets," his "catalogues," and his "diaries," often venting a solitary groan, or active in some fresh inquiry. Such is the _Silhouette_ of this prodigy of literary curiosity!

The very existence of Oldys's manuscripts continues to be of an ambiguous nature; referred to, quoted, and transcribed, we can but seldom turn to the originals. These masses of curious knowledge, dispersed or lost, have enriched an after-race, who have often picked up the spoil and claimed the victory, but it was Oldys who had fought the battle!

Oldys affords one more example how life is often closed amidst discoveries and acquisitions. The literary antiquary, when he has attempted to embody his multiplied inquiries, and to finish his scattered designs, has found that the LABOR ABSQUE LABORE, "the labour void of labour," as the inscription on the library of Florence finely describes the researches of literature, has dissolved his days in the voluptuousness of his curiosity; and that too often, like the hunter in the heat of the chase, while he disdained the prey which lay before him, he was still stretching onwards to catch the fugitive!

_Transvolat in medio posita, et fugientia captat._

At the close of every century, in this growing world of books, may an Oldys be the reader for the nation! Should he be endowed with a philosophical spirit, and combine the genius of his own times with that of the preceding, he will hold in his hand the chain of human thoughts, and, like another Bayle, become the historian of the human mind!

FOOTNOTES:

[338] His intention was to publish a general classified biography of all the Italian authors.

[339] He says in his advertisement, "It will be difficult to ascertain whether he meant to give them to the public, or only to reserve them for his own amusement and the entertainment of his friends." Many of these anecdotes are evidently mere loose scandal.

[340] Grose narrates his early history thus:--"His parents dying when he was very young, he soon squandered away his small patrimony, when he became, at first an attendant in Lord Oxford's library, and afterwards librarian; at whose death he was obliged to write for the booksellers for a subsistence."

[341] Mr. John Taylor, the son of Oldys's intimate friend, has furnished me with this interesting anecdote. "Oldys, as my father informed me, was many years in quiet obscurity in the Fleet prison, but at last was spirited up to make his situation known to the Duke of Norfolk of that time, who received Oldys's letter while he was at dinner with some friends. The duke immediately communicated the contents to the company, observing that he had long been anxious to know what had become of an old, though an humble friend, and was happy by that letter to find that he was alive. He then called for his _gentleman_ (a kind of humble friend whom noblemen used to retain under that name in those days), and desired him to go immediately to the Fleet, to take money for the immediate need of Oldys, to procure an account of his debts, and discharge them. Oldys was soon after, either by the duke's gift or interest, appointed Norroy King of Arms; and I remember that his official regalia came into my father's hands at his death."

In the "Life of Oldys," by Mr. A. Chalmers, the date of this promotion is not found. My accomplished friend, the Rev. J. Dallaway, has obligingly examined the records of the college, by which it appears that Oldys had been _Norfolk herald extraordinary_, but not belonging to the college, was appointed _per saltum_ Norroy King of Arms by patent, May 5th, 1755.

Grose says--"The patronage of the duke occasioned a suspicion of his being a papist, though I think really without reason; this for a while retarded his appointment: it was underhand propagated by the heralds, who were vexed at having a stranger put in upon them."

[342] The beautiful simplicity of this Anacreontic has met the unusual fate of entirely losing its character, by an additional and incongruous stanza in the modern editions, by a gentleman who has put into practice the unallowable liberty of _altering_ the poetical and dramatic compositions of acknowledged genius to his own notion of what he deems "morality;" but in works of genius whatever is dull ceases to be moral. "The Fly" of Oldys may stand by "The Fly" of Gray for melancholy tenderness of thought; it consisted only of these two stanzas:

Busy, curious, thirsty fly! Drink with me, and drink as I! Freely welcome to my cup, Couldst thou sip and sip it up: Make the most of life you may; Life is short and wears away!

Both alike are mine and thine, Hastening quick to their decline! Thine's a summer, mine no more, Though repeated to threescore! Threescore summers when they're gone, Will appear as short as one!

[343] This anecdote should be given in justice to both parties, and in Grose's words, who says:--"He was a man of great good-nature, honour, and integrity, particularly in his character of an historian. Nothing, I firmly believe, would ever have biassed him to insert any fact in his writings he did not believe, or to suppress any he did. Of this delicacy he gave an instance at a time when he was in great distress. After his publication of the 'Life of Sir Walter Raleigh,' some booksellers thinking his name would sell a piece they were publishing, offered him a considerable sum to father it, which he rejected with the greatest indignation."

[344] We have been taught to enjoy the two ages of Genius and of Taste. The literary public are deeply indebted to the editorial care, the taste, and the enthusiasm of Mr. Singer, for exquisite reprints of some valuable writers.

[345] Gibbon once meditated a life of Rawleigh, and for that purpose began some researches in that "memorable era of our English annals." After reading Oldys's, he relinquished his design, from a conviction that "he could add nothing new to the subject, except the uncertain merit of style and sentiment."

[346] The British Museum is extremely deficient in our National Literature. The gift of George the Third's library has, however, probably supplied many deficiencies. [The recent bequest of the Grenville collection, and the constant search made of late years for these relics of early literature by the officers of our great national library, has greatly altered the state of the collection since the above was written _s--Ed_.]

[347] Grose says--"His mode of composing was somewhat singular: he had a number of small parchment bags, inscribed with the names of the persons whose lives he intended to write; into these bags he put every circumstance and anecdote he could collect, and from thence drew up his history."

[348] At the Bodleian Library, I learnt by a letter with which I am favoured by the Rev. Dr. Bliss, that there is an interleaved "Gildon's Lives and Characters of the Dramatic Poets," with corrections, which once belonged to Coxeter, who appears to have intended a new edition. Whether Coxeter transcribed into his Gildon the notes of Oldys's _first_ "Langbaine," is worth inquiry. Coxeter's conduct, though he had purchased Oldys's first "Langbaine," was that of an ungenerous miser, who will quarrel with a brother rather than share in any acquisition he can get into his own hands. To Coxeter we also owe much; he suggested Dodsley's Collection of Old Plays, and the first tolerable edition of Massinger.

Oldys could not have been employed in Lord Oxford's library, as Mr. Chalmers conjectures, about 1726; for here he mentions that he was in _Yorkshire_ from 1724 to 1730. This period is a remarkable blank in Oldys's life. My learned friend, the Rev. Joseph Hunter, has supplied me with a note in the copy of Fuller in the Malone collection preserved at the Bodleian. Those years were passed apparently in the household of the first Earl of Malton, who built Wentworth House. There all the collections of the antiquary Gascoigne, with "seven great chests of manuscripts," some as ancient as the time of the Conquest, were condemned in one solemn sacrifice to Vulcan; the ruthless earl being impenetrable to the prayers and remonstrances of our votary to English History. Oldys left the earl with little satisfaction, as appears by some severe strictures from his gentle pen.

[349] This copy was lent by Dr. Birch to the late Bishop of Dromore, who with his own hand carefully transcribed the notes into an interleaved copy of "Langbaine," divided into four volumes, which, as I am informed, narrowly escaped the flames, and was injured by the water, at a fire at Northumberland House. His lordship, when he went to Ireland, left this copy with Mr. Nichols, for the use of the projected editions of the _Tatler_, the _Spectator_, and the _Guardian_, with notes and illustrations; of which I think the _Tatler_ only has appeared, and to which his lordship contributed some valuable communications.

[350] I know that not only this lot of _Oldys's manuscripts_, but a great quantity of _original contributions_ of whole lives, intended for the "Biographia Britannica," must lie together, unless they have been destroyed as waste paper. These biographical and literary curiosities were often supplied by the families or friends of eminent persons. Some may, perhaps, have been reclaimed by their owners. I am informed there was among them an interesting collection of the correspondence of Locke; and I could mention several lives which were prepared.

[351] This collection, and probably the other letters, have come down to us, no doubt, with the manuscripts of this collector, purchased for the British Museum. The correspondence of Dr. Davenant, the political writer, with his son, the envoy, turns on one perpetual topic, his son's and his own advancement in the state.

[352] It is a stout octavo volume of 400 pages, containing a good selection of specimens from the earliest era, concluding with Sam. Daniel, in the reign of James I. Mrs. Elizabeth Cooper was the wife of an auctioneer, who had been a chum of Oldys's in the Fleet Prison, where he died a debtor; and it was to aid his widow that Oldys edited this book.

[353] William Thompson, the poet of "Sickness," and other poems; a warm lover of our elder bards, and no vulgar imitator of Spenser. He was the revivor of Bishop Hall's Satires, in 1753, by an edition which had been more fortunate if conducted by his friend Oldys, for the text is unfaithful, though the edition followed was one borrowed from Lord Oxford's library, probably by the aid of Oldys.

[354] Malone's Life of Dryden, p. 420.

[355] This is one of _Oldys's Manuscripts_; a thick folio of titles, which has been made to do its duty, with small thanks from those who did not care to praise the service which they derived from it. It passed from Dr. Berkenhout to George Steevens, who lent it to Gough. It was sold for five guineas. The useful work of ten years of attention given to it! The antiquary Gough alludes to it with his usual discernment. "Among these titles of books and pamphlets about London are many _purely historical_, and many of _too low a kind_ to rank under the head of topography and history." Thus the design of Oldys, in forming this elaborate collection, is condemned by trying it by the limited object of the topographer's view. This catalogue remains a desideratum, were it printed entire as collected by Oldys, not merely for the topography of the metropolis, but for its relation to its manners, domestic annals, events, and persons connected with its history.

INDEX.

ABELARD, ranks among the heretics, i. 145; book condemned as his written by another, ib.; absolution granted to, 146; wrote and _sung_ finely, 147; raises the school of the Paraclete, ib.

ABRAM-MEN, ii. 312, and note, ib.

ABRIDGERS, objections to, and recommendations of, i. 397; Bayle's advice to, 398; now slightly regarded, 399; instructions to, quoted from the Book of Maccabees, ib.

ABSENCE of mind, anecdotes of, i. 206.

ABSOLUTE monarchy, search for precedents to maintain, iii. 510, note.

ABSTRACTION of mind, instances of, amongst great men, ii. 59-60; sonnet on, by Metastasio, 61.

ACADEMY, the French, some account of, i. 413-417; visit of Christina Queen of Sweden to, 414; of Literature, designed in the reign of Queen Anne, ii. 407; abortive attempts to establish various, ib.; disadvantages of, ib.; arguments of the advocates for, ib.; should be designed by individuals, 408; French origin of, 408-410; origin of the Royal Society, 410-412; ridiculous titles of Italian, 479; some account of the Arcadian, and its service to literature, 482; derivation of its title, ib.; of the Colombaria, 483; indications of, in England, 484; early rise of among the Italians, 485; establishment of the "Academy," 486; suppressed, and its members persecuted, ib.; of the "Oziosi," 488; suppression of many, at Florence and Sienna, ib.; considerations of the reason of the Italian fantastical titles of, &c., 489.

ACAJOU and Zirphile, a whimsical fairy tale, ii. 308-311.

ACCADEMIA of Bologna originated with Lodovico Caracci, ii. 399.

ACCIDENT, instances of the pursuits of great men directed by, i. 85.

ACEPHALI, iii. 193, and note, ib.

ACHES, formerly a dissyllable; examples from Swift, Hudibras, and Shakespeare; John Kemble's use of the word, i. 81, note.

ACROSTICS, i. 295-296.

ACTORS, tragic, i. 248; who have died martyrs to their tragic characters, 249; should be nursed in the laps of queens, 250; anecdotes of, 250-251.

ADDISON, silent among strangers, i. 104.

ADRIANI, his continuation of Guicciardini's History, iii. 180.

ADVICE, good, of a literary sinner, i. 350.

AGATES, presenting representations of natural forms, i. 244.

AGOBARD, Archbishop of Lyons, i. 21, and note.

AGREDA, Maria, wrote the Life of the Virgin Mary, i. 367.

ALBERICO, vision of, ii. 422.

ALBERTUS MAGNUS, his opinion concerning books of magic, iii. 281; his brazen man, 282; his entertainment of the Earl of Holland, 290.

ALCHYMISTS, results of their operations, iii. 284; their cautious secresy, 285; discoveries by, ib.

ALCHYMY, anecdotes of professors of, i. 283-284; Henry VI. endeavoured to recruit his coffers by, 284; professors of, called multipliers, 285; books of, pious frauds, ib.; Elias Ashmole rather the historian of, than an adept in, 286; opinions of modern chemists on, 287.

ALEXANDRIA, library of, i. 1; Demetrius Phalereus, its industrious and skilful librarian, ib.; original manuscripts of Æschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides procured for, ib.: destruction of, 47-57.

AMBASSADORS, anecdotes of frivolous points of etiquette insisted on by, ii. 195-206.

AMICABLE ceremonies in various nations, ii. 12.

AMILCAR, the author of the Second Punic War, iii. 143.

AMPHIGOURIES, i. 298.

AMUSEMENT, periodical, during study, a standing rule among the Jesuits, i. 31; various, practised by different celebrated men, 38-41.

ANAGRAMS, i. 298, ii. 229; are classed among the Hebrews with the cabalistic sciences, 230; Platonic notions of, ib.; specimens of Greek, ib.; several examples of curious, 231-233; amusing anecdotes concerning, 234.

ANCILLON and his library, i. 10, and note.

ANDREINI, an actor and author of irregular Italian comedies, ii. 141; a drama of his gave the first idea to Milton of his "Paradise Lost," ib.

ANECDOTES of European Manners, ii. 30-39; of Abstraction of Mind, 59-62; literary, their importance, 300; Dr. Johnson's defence of, 301; the absurdity of many transmitted by biographers, ib.; general remarks on, 303.

ANGLESEA, Earl of, his MSS. suppressed, ii. 447.

ANIMALS, influence of music on, i. 272-4.

ANNIUS of Viterbo published seventeen books of pretended antiquities, iii. 305; and afterwards a commentary, ib.; caused a literary war, 306.

ANTEDILUVIAN researches, i. 301-303.

ANTI, a favourite prefix to books of controversy, i. 318.

ANTIQUARIES, Society of, inquiry into its origin and progress, ii. 413-415.

ANTONY, Marc, anecdote of, ii. 10.

APPAREL, excess in, proclamation against, by Elizabeth, iii. 375.

APPLES grafted on mulberry stocks, ii. 157, note.

ARCHESTRATUS, a celebrated culinary philosopher, ii. 246.

ARGUMENTS, invented by a machine, ii. 419.

ARIOSTO, his merits disputed in Italy, i. 386; public preference given to, by the Accademia della Crusca, 387; his verses sung by the gondoliers, 388.

ARISTOCRAT, a nick-name, iii. 83.

ARISTOTLE, account of criticisms on, i. 25; fate of his library, 53; Arabic commentaries on, 61; rage for, ib.; his opinions on sneezing, 127; letter of Philip of Macedon to, 142; description of the person and manners of, ib.; will of, 143; studied under Plato, ib.; parallel between him and Plato, by Rapin, ib.; anecdote concerning him and Plato, 144; raises a school, ib.; attacked by Xenocrates, ib.; his mode of pointing out a successor, 145; writers against and for, 314; bon-mot on his precepts, 407.

ARMSTRONG, Archibald, jester to Charles I., ii. 236, note.

ARNAULD, one of the most illustrious members of the Port Royal Society, i. 94; anecdotes of, 96; was still the great Arnauld at the age of eighty-two, 97.

ASHMOLE, Elias, his Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum, i. 286; his Diary, ii. 209; his superstition, ib., note.

ASTRÆA, D'Urfé's romance of the, i. 451; sketch of, 452-454.

ASTROLOGERS, faith in, by celebrated characters, i. 278; Lilly consulted by Charles I., ib.; Nostrodamus, by Catherine de Medici, 279; several have suffered death to verify their skill, ib.; shifts and impostures of, 279-280.

ASTROLOGY, greatly flourished in the time of the Civil Wars, i. 280; attacks on and defences of, 281-282.

ATELLANÆ Fabulæ, Atellan farces, ii. 131, and note, 132.

ATTICUS, employed to collect for Cicero, ii. 397; traded in books and gladiators, 398.

AUBREY, John, extract from his correspondence, iii. 294; his search after gold, ib.; his idea of universal education, 296.

AUDLEY, a lawyer and usurer, ii. 158; his commencement of life, and means of rising in, 159; anecdote of him and a draper, 161; his maxims of political economy, 162; his reply to a borrowing lord, ib.; his manners and opinions, 168-170; his death and general character, 170.

AUTOGRAPHS, indications of character, iii. 163; of English sovereigns, 165-166.

BABINGTON'S conspiracy, some account of its progress, and of the noble youths concerned in it, ii. 171; trial and defences of the conspirators, 173; their execution, 175-176.

BACCHUS, ancient descriptions of, and modern translations of them, ii. 292.

BACON, Lord, sketch of his life as a philosopher, iii. 320-326; more valued abroad than at home, 327.

BAKER, Sir Richard, author of the "Chronicle," died in the Fleet, ii. 452; his papers burnt, ib.

BALES, Peter, a celebrated caligrapher, i. 275; iii. 173-177.

BALLARD, the Jesuit, concerned in Babington's conspiracy, ii. 172; expression of his on his trial, 173.

BAPTISTA PORTA, founded the Accademie of the Oziosi and Segreti, iii. 290; considered himself a prognosticator, ib.; his magical devices, ib.

BARBIER, Louis, anecdote relating to, ii. 11; his superstitious observances, ib., note.

BARNARD, Dr., his "Life of Heylin," iii. 217-221.

BARTHIUS, Gaspar, a voluminous author, ii. 536; an infant prodigy, ib.; published a long list of unprinted works, 537; its fate, ib.

BASNAGE, his Dictionary, iii. 233.

BAYLE, publishes his _Nouvelles de la République des Lettres_, i. 14; account of his death, 391; his conduct to his friend, 392; read much by his fingers, ib.; amusements of, ib.; anecdotes relating to, 393; his "Critical Dictionary," remarks on its character, ii. 382-388; Gibbon's remarks on, 385; publication of, ib.; his originality, how obtained, 386; his errors, 388; his personal traits, 389; his characteristics, 388-396; changes his religion twice, 390; extract from his diary, ib.; his methods of study, 391; appointed to a professorship, ib.; deprived of it, ib.; laments his want of books, 392; anecdotes of the effects of his works, 394; a model of a literary character, 395.

BEAM in the eye of the Pharisee, literally represented in early art, i. 307, and note.

BEARDS, various fashions in, i. 220.

BEAUSSOL, M. Peyraud de, his preface to his condemned tragedy, ii. 304-307.

BEN JONSON, masques by, iii. 12; assisted Rawleigh in his history of the world, 131, and note.

BENEVOLENCES, iii. 218, 219.

BENTLEY, notice of his criticisms on Milton, i. 370-373.

BETHLEHEM Hospital, its original foundation, ii. 311, and note.

BETTERTON, anecdote of, i. 250.

BEZA, Theodore, an imitator of Calvin in abuse, i. 310; effect of his work against toleration, iii. 245.

BIBLE, the prohibition of, ii. 19; various versions of, 20-23; a _family_ one, 22; the Olivetan, iii. 155; corrupt state of the English, formerly, 427; printing of, an article of open trade, 428; shameful practices in the printing of, 428-431, and note; privilege of printing granted to one Bentley, 430; Field's Pearl Bible contained 6000 faults, 431; division of, into chapter and verse, 432.

BIBLIOMANE, iii. 343.

BIBLIOMANIA, i. 9.

BIBLIOGNOSTE, iii. 343.

BIBLIOGRAPHE, iii. 343.

BIBLIOGRAPHY, remarks on its importance, iii. 341.

BIBLIOPHILE, iii. 343.

BIBLIOTAPHE, iii. 343.

BIOGRAPHICAL parallels, iii. 425; a book of, proposed by Hurd, ib.; between Budæus and Erasmus, 426; instances of several, 427.

BIOGRAPHY, painted, a, iii. 137-141; remarks on, 414; sentimental, distinguished from chronological, ib.; of Dante, by Boccacio and Aretino, 415-419; domestic, 420-423; customary among the Romans, 424; comparative, a series of, projected by Elizabeth Hamilton, ib.

BIRCH, Dr., his great services to history, iii. 383.

BIRKENHEAD, Sir John, a newspaper writer and pamphleteer during the great rebellion, i. 159.

BLACK Cloaks, a political nickname for a party in Naples, iii. 82.

BLENHEIM, secret history of the building of, iii. 102-111; drawn from MSS., 103, note.

BONAVENTURE DE PERRIERS, specimen of his stories, i. 128.

BOOK of Sports, effect of, ii. 148.

BOOKS, collections of, see LIBRARIES; collectors of, see COLLECTORS; reviews of, and criticisms on, see LITERARY JOURNALS and SKETCHES OF CRITICISM; destruction of, see TITLE; lost, i. 47-57; prices of, in early times, 76; treatise on the art of reading printed, 78; curious advertisements of, 157; titles of, 288; various opinions as to the size of, 347; difficulties encountered in publishing many books of merit, 375; works of another description better remunerated, 377; leaves of, origin of their name, ii. 23, note; table-books, 26; derivation of the name "book," 28; description of the form and condition of ancient, ib.; censors and licensers of, 216; catalogue of, condemned at the Council of Trent, ib.; inquisitors of, ib.; see INDEX; burning of, anecdote of its good effect in promoting their sale, 219; mutilations caused by the censors in Camden's works, Lord Herbert's History of Henry VIII., and the Poems of Lord Brooke, 220; anecdotes of purloiners of, iii. 316-319; predilection of celebrated men to particular, iii. 340-343; calculations as to their present number, 342; different terms for amateurs of, 343; which have been designed but not completed, 493, 494.

BOOKSELLERS, two ruined by one author, ii. 533.

BORROWERS, destructive to collections of books, i. 12.

BOTANIC GARDEN, Darwin's remarks on, i. 341.

BOURDALOUE, i. 257.

BOURGEOIS, Père, one of the Chinese missionaries, account of his attempt at preaching in Chinese, i. 268.

BOUTS RIMES, i. 296.

BRANDT, Ship of Fools, i. 7.

BRIDGEWATER, late Duke of, destroyed many family MSS., ii. 451.

BUCKINGHAM, Duke of, his familiarity and coarseness with James I., i. 463, note; his conduct in Spain, ii. 4; equally a favourite with James I. and Charles I., 5; Hume's character of, ib. and 355; anecdote of him and the Queen of France, 6; his audacity and "English familiarity," ib.; anecdote of him and Prince Charles, 7; his rise, 10; his magnificent entertainment of Charles I. and the French ambassador, 327; his character, 356-358, and notes; his fears of being supplanted, 357, note; contrast between him and Richelieu, 358; secret history of his expedition to Spain with Prince Charles, 359; prognostics of his death, 364; portrait of, 366, note; determined to succour Rochelle, 367; his death, 371; satires on, 369, 370; possessed the esteem of Charles I., ib.; his extravagance in dress, iii. 407; intrigued with the Puritans, 443; his intercourse with Dr. Preston, a Puritan, 444; discovers Preston's insincerity, and abandons the Puritans, 445; his impeachment, 452; his failure at the Isle of Rhé, 458; offers to resign his offices, 469; hatred of, by the parliament, 470-474.

BUFFON, Vicq d'Azyr's description of his study, iii. 208.

BUILDINGS in the metropolis, opposition to, from the days of Elizabeth to those of Charles II., iii. 363; statutes against, 364; proclamations against, 365.

BURNET, his book against Varillas, i. 132, and note.

BURYING grounds, iii. 231.

BUTLER, the author of "Hudibras," vindicated, ii. 491-495.

CADIZ, expedition to, in the time of Charles I., ii. 366; satirical lines on, 367.

CALAMY, his "History of the Ejected Ministers," iii. 240.

CALUMNY, political advantages of, iii. 81.

CALVIN, less tolerant than Luther in controversy, i. 309.

CAMUS, his "Médecine de l'Esprit," ii. 469.

CARACCI, family of the, ii. 399; Lodovico, character of, ib.; the school of the, 401, note; Agostino and Annibale, their opposite characters, 402; the three opened a school in their own house, 403; Agostino's eminence there, ib.; his sonnet, comprising the laws of painting, 404; Domenichino, Albano, Guido, Guercino, their pupils, 405; disputes between Annibale and Agostino, ib.; their separation, 406.

CARDINAL RICHELIEU, anecdotes of, and considerations on his character, i. 139-142.

CARLETON, Sir Dudley, Vice-Chamberlain of Charles I., his speech to the Commons on the imprisonment of two of their members for their impeachment of Buckingham, iii. 455.

CARTOONS of Raphael, now at Hampton Court, offered for sale, and bought by Cromwell, ii. 333; nearly sold to France by Charles II., ib., note; the gallery for their reception built by William III., ib.

CATHERINE DE' MEDICI, her belief in astrology, iii. 347; employs Montluc to intrigue to secure the election of the Duke of Anjou to the crown of Poland, 349.

CATHARINOT, a voluminous writer, ii. 545; his singular mode of publishing his unsaleable works, 546.

CAUSE and Pretext, distinction between, to be observed by historians, iii. 141; anecdotal illustrations, 142-144.

CAXTON, the printer, his earliest works, i. 75, note.

CAYET, Dr., his "Chronologie Novenaire," ii. 7.

CENSERS used to sweeten houses in the reign of Elizabeth, ii. 38, note.

CENSORS of books, designed to counteract the press, ii. 216; originated with the Inquisition, ib.; appointed with the title of Inquisitors of Books, ib.; disagreement among these Inquisitors, 217; in Spain, 218; their treatment of commentators on the "Lusiad," ib.; instances of the injury done to English literature by the appointment of, 220; never recognised by English law, 221; regularly established under Charles I., 223; office of, maintained by the Puritans, ib.; treatment of Milton by, ib.; the office lay dormant under Cromwell, 224; revived and continued under Charles II. and James II., ib.; anecdotes relative to, 226-228.

CENTOS, i. 299.

CEREMONIES, different, among various nations, ii. 12-15.

CERVANTES, remark of i. 394; taken prisoner at the battle of Lepanto, ib.

CHAMILLART, Minister of France, his rise, ii, 11.

CHARADES, i. 297.

CHARLES MARTEL, his combat with, and defeat of, the Mahometans, ii. 430.

CHARLES the Bald of France, his remarkable vision, ii. 423.

CHARLES the First, account of his expedition into Spain, ii. 1-4; anecdote of him and Buckingham, 6; history of his diamond seal, 326; his love of the fine arts, 327; the magnificence and taste of his court entertainments, 328; anecdote of, 329; catalogue of his effects, 331-334; an artist and a poet, 334, 335, and note; influence of his wife on, doubted, 336; his dismissal of his wife's French establishment, 345; reply to the French ambassador's remonstrances, 347; his conduct on the death of Buckingham, 371; secret history of him and his first Parliaments, iii. 448; the latter a sullen bride, ib.; his address to his first Parliament, and their ungracious conduct, 449; they abandoned the king, 450; raises money on Privy Seals, ib.; on the failure of the expedition to Cadiz he called his second Parliament, 451; communications between him and his Parliament, ib.; his address to them, noticing the impeachment of Buckingham, 452; his conduct on that occasion the beginning of his troubles, 453; on the Commons' further remonstrance against Buckingham, he dissolves his second Parliament, 457; his distress for money, ib.; his fresh distresses on the failure of the expedition to the Isle of Rhé, and his expedients to raise money, 458, 459; their ill success, 460, 461; reflections on his situation, 463; rejects the proffered advice of the President of the Rosy-Cross, 464; anonymous letter sent to the Commons, and by them forwarded to the king without perusing, 465; secret measures used by the opposition, 466; speech of the king to Parliament, 467; his emotion on being informed that the Parliament had granted subsidies 468; debates on the king's message, 469; Eliot's speech thereon, 470; Coke's memorable speech, 473; the king grants his assent to the Petition of Right, 475; popular rejoicings, 476; presentation of the Remonstrance, ib.; the king's conduct after the assassination of Buckingham, 477; vow of the Parliament to maintain the Articles of Religion of the 13th Eliz., 478; tumult in the House, and dissolution of the Parliament, 480.

CHARLES the Fifth, his edicts against the Reformed religion, iii. 242; his conduct influenced by political, not religious motives, 243.

CHARLES the Ninth, account of the death of, ii. 7-9; his apology for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, iii. 255-259; his character, 260.

CHERRIES, introduction of, into Great Britain, ii. 156; loss and reintroduction of, in the reign of Henry VIII., ib.

CHESS, clergymen prohibited from playing, ii. 32; Kempelen's Mechanical Chess-player, iii. 284, note.

CHINESE language, i. 267; difficulties of, experienced by P. Bourgeois, 268.

CHOCOLATE, brought from Mexico by the Spaniards, ii. 325; treatise against the use of, ib.; chocolate-houses in London, ib.

CHRISTMAS Prince at the Universities, ii. 268; account of one at Oxford, 1607, ib., note.

CHRISTODINS, iii. 81.

CHRONOGRAMS, i. 295.

CHURCHILL abhorred the correction of his MSS., ii. 85.

CICERO a punster, i. 69; a manufacturer of prefaces, 71; a collector, ii. 396; his projected library, ib.; employs Atticus to procure books and statues, 397; discovered the tomb of Archimedes, iii. 409.

CITIES, Free, shook off the yoke of feudal tyranny, i. 184.

CLAIRON, Mademoiselle, anecdote of, i. 251.

CLARENDON House, history of its erection, iii. 189-191; popularly called Dunkirk House, or Tangier Hall, 189; satire on the building of, 190; existing remains of, 191, note.

CLASSICAL learning, ii. 332.

CLOVIS, his reasons for adopting Christianity, ii. 433, 434, and note.

COACHES, introduction of, into England, ii. 36; use of, in France, ib.

COCKERAM, H., his English Dictionary and its new words, iii. 24.

COCK-FIGHTING in Ceylon, i. 188.

COFFEE, introduction of, into Europe, ii, 320; made fashionable at Paris by the Turkish ambassador, 321; invectives and poetical satires against, 322-324; advantages of its use, 325.

COFFEE-HOUSES, the first opened at Paris, ii. 321; improvements in, ib.; the first in England, 322; shut up by proclamation, ib.; and iii. 379, note.

COKE, or Cook, Sir Edward, his most pleasing book, his Manual, or _Vade Mecum_, ii. 519; his MSS. seized on his death, ib.; yet to be recovered, ib., note; his character, 520; his matrimonial alliances, ib.; his disgrace, 521; disputes between him and his wife, Lady Hatton, concerning the marriage of his daughter, 523; curious letter of advice to Lady Hatton, for her defence before the Council, 524; his daughter married to Lord Villiers, and Coke reinstated, 529; his daughter's bad conduct, ib.; his death, 530; his vituperative style, ib.; his conduct to Rawleigh, 531; his abjectness in disgrace, 532; pricked as sheriff, to exclude him from Parliament, iii. 446; eludes the appointment by excepting to the oath, 448.

COKE, Mr. Clement, a violent opposition leader in the second Parliament of Charles I., iii. 498, 499.

COLERIDGE, method pursued by him in his remarkable political predictions, iii. 268.

COLLECTIONS of books, see LIBRARIES; of engravings, see ENGRAVINGS.

COLLECTOR of books, i. 1-8; defence of himself, as one of the body, by Ancillon, 10; Aristotle first saluted as a, 53.

COLLECTORS, their propensity to plunder, iii. 316-319.

COLLINS, Anthony, a great lover of books, iii. 16; a free-thinker, ib.; the friend of Locke, 18; fate of his MSS., 19-23.

COMEDIES, extemporal, ii. 130; opinion of northern critics on, 131; the amusement of Italy, ib.; practised by the Romans, ib.; Salvator Rosa's prologue to one, 133; opinions and descriptions of, by Riccoboni and Gherardi, 134, 135; anecdote of the excellence of, 137; when first introduced in England, 138.

COMFITS universally used under Henry III. of France, i. 221.

COMINES, notice of, i. 263.

COMPOSITION, various modes of literary, ii. 85; correction in, necessary, ib.; but by some authors impossible, ib.; illustrative anecdotes, 86; use of models in, 88; various modes of, used by celebrated authors, 90-92; passion for, exhibited by some authors, 533-546.

CONDE, great Prince of, expert in physiognomy, i. 150.

CONFRERES de la Passion, i. 353.

CONFUSION of words by writers, iii. 65; by the Nominalists and Realists, 66; in modern philosophy, ib.; between the Antinomians and their opposers, and the Jansenists and Jesuits, 68; between Abelard and St. Bernard, ib; other instances, 69; in jurisprudence and politics, 70; historical instances, 71-73; arising from a change of meaning in the course of time, 74; serious consequences of, 77; among political economists, 78; illustrative anecdote of Caramuel, a Spanish bishop, 79.

CONSTANTINE, motives of his acknowledgment of Christianity, ii. 433.

CONTROVERSIAL writings, acrimony infused into by scholars, i. 153, and 317.

CONTROVERSY, literary, that of the Nominalists and Realists, i. 312; between Benedetto Aletino and Constantino Grimaldi, 314; abuse lavished on each other by learned men in, 308-320; challenges sent on occasion of, 317.

COOKERY and cooks of the ancients, ii. 245; Epic composed in praise of, 246; illustrative translations from Athenæus,247-252; the dexterity of the cooks, 253; writers on, 254; anecdotes, 255.

CORNEILLE, Peter, died in poverty, i. 32; deficient in conversation, 104; sketch of his life, 428-432.

CORNEILLE, Thomas, impromptu written under his portrait, i. 432.

CORNELIUS AGRIPPA, accused of magic, i. 27; his dog supposed to be a demon, 28; his belief in demons, iii. 282.

CORNHERT, Theodore, a great advocate for toleration, iii. 253, and note.

CORPUS CHRISTI plays at Chester, i. 353; at Kendal, iii. 442, and note.

COSMETICS, use of, by the ladies of the Elizabethan age, i. 227.

COTTON, Sir Robert, his manuscript collections, iii. 316; his character of Charles I., 456, 457.

COUNTRY gentlemen, their former habits commended, ii. 214; Lord Clarendon's mention of his grandfather's conduct as one of the body, ib.; their conduct created a national character, ib.

COUNTRY residence, opinion of Justice Best upon, iii. 363; James I. recommendation of, 364; proclamations to compel a, ib.; and proceedings in the Star Chamber against the disobedient, 365-368; Ode upon, by Sir Richard Fanshaw, 369.

COURT of Wards and Liveries, ii. 158, note.

CRANMER, Jansenist character of, i. 373.

CREATION of the World, precise date of, i. 303.

CREBILLON, his creditors attached the proceeds of his tragedy of Catiline, i. 405; decree of Louis XV. thereupon, 406.

CRITICS may possess the art of judging without the power of execution, i. 407; Abbé d'Aubignac and Chapelaine quoted as instances, ib.

CRITICISM, Periodical, see LITERARY JOURNALS, i. 12-17; sketches of amongst the ancients, 24-27; effect of, upon authors, 409.

CROMWELL, his great political error, ii. 435; prediction of his future eminence, iii. 269; reasons for his delay in naming a successor, 328, 329.

CRUIKSHANK, George, curious error concerning, i. 321, note.

CYRE, the Abbé, an envoy of the Emperor's in Poland, iii. 350; seized and imprisoned, 360.

D'AGUESSEAU, the Chancellor, his advice to his son on the study of history, iii. 179.

DANCE of Death, iii. 211-215.

DANTE, origin of his Inferno, disputes on, ii. 421; the entire work Gothic, ib.; Vision of Alberico supposed to be borrowed, 422; and probably read by Dante, ib.; his originality vindicated, 423; the true origin of the Inferno, 427, and note.

DAY-FATALITY, i. 279; lucky and unlucky days, ib., note.

DEATH, anecdotes relating to the death of many distinguished persons, i. 417-421; book containing the accounts of the deaths of remarkable persons, compiled by Montaigne, iii. 200; reflections on death, ib.; anecdotes of the death of some celebrated persons, 201, 202; effect of the continual consideration of, 203; Lady Gethin's ideas on, 204; conversations of Johnson and Boswell on, ib.; singular preparations for, by Moncriff, 205; opinions of the ancients on, 207; personifications of, among the ancients, 208, and note; Gothic representations of, 209.

DEDICATIONS, curious anecdotes concerning, i. 337-341; price for the dedication of a play, 338; one to himself, composed by a patron, ib.; practice of Elkanah Settle with regard to, 339; of the Polyglot Bible to Cromwell, ib.; altered at the Restoration, ib.; to Cardinal Richelieu, 340; Dryden's, ib.; ingenious one by Sir Simon Degge, 341.

DE FOE, his honour questioned as to the publication of Robinson Crusoe, ii. 274; probably struck by Steele's observations on Selkirk's narration, 276; wrote Robinson Crusoe in comparative solitude, ib.; vindication of his character, ib.

DE LA CHAMBRE, secret correspondence of, with Louis XIV. on physiognomy, i. 148.

DELIQUENTS, a convenient revolutionary phrase, iii. 86.

DESCARES, persecuted for his opinions, i. 29; silent in mixed company, 104; his description of his life in Amsterdam, 113.

DESCRIPTIONS, local, when prolonged tedious, iii. 1; Boileau's criticisms on, 1, 2; inefficiency of, instanced by a passage from Pliny, 2; example of elegant, in a sonnet by Francesca de Castello, 3.

DESCRIPTIVE Poems, general remarks on, i. 341; race of, confined to one object, ib.; titles of, and notices on several of these, 342, 343.

DES MAIZEAUX, a French refugee, iii. 13; his Life of Bayle, 14; notices of his literary life, 15-18; Anthony Collins bequeaths his MSS. to, 19; relinquishes them to Collins's widow, 20; correspondence concerning, 19-22.

DESMARETS, his comedy of the "Visionnaires," ii. 48.

DE SERRES, introduced the cultivation of the mulberry tree and silk-worm into France, ii. 152; opposition to his schemes, ib.; supported by Henry IV., ib.; medal struck in honour of his memory, 153.

DESTRUCTION of books and MSS. by the monks, i. 18, 50; account of, at Constantinople, by the Christians, suppressed, 47; burning of Talmuds, 48; of Irish and Mexican, ib.; anecdotes regarding, 49; of Korans, ib.; of the classics, 50; of Bohemian, ib.; in England under Henry VIII., 51; at Stationers' Hall in 1599, 53; of many of Lady Mary Wortley Montague's letters, 54; of Anglo-Saxon MSS., 55; anecdotes concerning the, ib., note; by fire and shipwreck, 56, 57.

D'EWES, Sir Symonds, a sober antiquary, but a visionary, iii. 433; extracts from his Diary, 434, 435.

DIARY, of a Master of the Ceremonies, ii. 194-206; Shaftesbury's definition of a, ib.; Colonel Harwood's, 206; kept by Titus, ib.; Alfred's, 207; Prince Henry's, ib.; Edward VI.'s, ib.; kept by James II., 208; usually kept by heads of families, 209; kept by Swift and Horace Walpole, ib.; recommended by Sir Thomas Bodley to Sir Francis Bacon, ib.; Coke's, ib.; Camden's, 210; of Sir Symonds D'Ewes, ib.; Baxter's, 211; the thoughtful disposition giving rise to the keeping of a diary, partaken even by women, ib.; Whitelocke's, 212; Laud's, 213; Lord Clarendon's, 214; practice of keeping one recommended, 215.

DIARIES, Religious, iii. 435.

DICTIONARY of Trevoux, account of its origin and progress, iii. 229; of Basnage, 230; of Dr. Johnson, 233.

DIGGES, Sir Dudley, a violent opposition leader in Charles I.'s second parliament, iii. 451; opened the impeachment of Buckingham, 452; committed to the tower, 454.

DILAPIDATIONS of MSS.--See MANUSCRIPTS.

DINNER hour, variations of, in different times, ii. 34, 35.

DINNER parties, Roman limitation of the number of guests at, ii. 246.

DISCOVERIES in literature and science, aptitude in, obtained by studious men, iii. 408; illustrative anecdotes, 409-413.

DIVINITY, scholastic, i. 60, 61; curious accounts and specimens of, 63-65.

DODD'S Church History of England, iii. 239.

DRAGONS, origin of the old stories of, ii. 311.

DRAMA, anecdotes of the early, ii. 40-43; Mexican, ib.; account of a curious drama, entitled Technotamia, or the Marriage of the Arts, 43-46; account of one written by a madman, 48.

DRAMATIC works made the vehicle of political feeling, ii. 277; by the Catholics at the Reformation, ib.; such conduct caused a proclamation by Edward VI. against English interludes, &c., ib.; those on the side of the Reformation allowed, and specimens of one, 279-281; proceedings against in the Star Chamber, ib.

DRAMATIC Annals.--See DRAMATIC WORKS. Suppression of the drama during the civil wars of Charles I., ii. 281; opposite conduct of actors at that time, and at the period of the French revolution, 282; writers against the stage, 283; custom of boys personating females, 284; introduction of actresses, 285; Histriomastix, ib.; all theatres suppressed in 1642, ib.; ordinance against theatres, 286; plays enacted secretly during their suppression, ib.; Cox's "drolleries," 287; petitions against the drama, 289; the player's petition in favour of, ib.; secretly acted at Holland House, 291; the suppression of the drama caused the publication of many MS. plays, ib.

DRESS, costliness of, in the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., iii. 405-408.

DRINKING, hard, a borrowed custom among the English, ii. 293; learnt by them in the Netherlands, ib.; statutes against, ib., note; terms of, 294, note, 295-298; anecdotes of, 300.

DRUNKARDS, their different characteristics, ii. 299; "A Delicate Diet for," ib., note; toasts of, 300, and note.

DU CLOS, origin of his fairy tale of Acajou and Zirphile, and account of his satirical preface to it, ii. 308-310.

DUTCH literature, remarks and strictures on, i. 403-405; satirical medals, iii. 156-160.

ECHO verses, specimen of, ii. 236.

ECLECTIC School of Art founded by the Caracci, ii. 401, note.

EDWARD the Fourth, to what he owed his crown, i. 261.

EGLISHAW, Dr., his political libels, ii. 357, note; is murdered in Holland, ib.

ELIZABETH, queen, i. 264; her amours, 265; wished to be thought beautiful by all the world, ib.; her habits studious, but not of the gentlest kind, 266; her writing, 267; her education severely classical, ib.; various anecdotes concerning, 264-267; her able management of her parliaments, ii. 179-186; her conduct regarding the succession, iii. 328; her treatment of James I., 332; her proclamation against excess in apparel, 375.

ELIOT, Sir John, a violent opposition leader in Charles I.'s second Parliament, iii. 452; his speech on the impeachment of Buckingham, 453; committed to the Tower, 454; violent against Buckingham in Parliament, 469-471; his collection of satires against him, ib.; a leader in the last Parliament of Charles I., 474-479.

ELOISA, solicited and obtained Abelard's absolution, i. 146; buried with Abelard, ib.; a fine lady, 147; Pope's reprehensible lines found in original letters of, 148.

ENCHANTERS, origin of the old stories of, ii. 31.

ENGLISH Poetry, scarcely known in France in 1610, iii. 233; ignorance of, displayed by Quadrio in his History of Poetry published in 1750, 236.

ENGRAVING, early origin among the Egyptians, i. 43, note.

ENGRAVINGS, first collection of, under Louis XIV., by Colbert, i. 7; collecting of engraved portraits originated the work of Granger, 45.

EPITAPH on Cardinal Richelieu, by his protégé, Benserade, i. 84; by celebrated persons on themselves, 417; on Philip I., 471; on Butler, the author of Hudibras, ii. 548.

ERRATA, remarkable anecdotes concerning, i, 78-82.

ERRONEOUS proper names, given in foreign authors, i. 327, and note.

ETIQUETTE, Court, reflections on its rise and progress, ii. 194; forms of, observed between the English ambassadors and Cardinal Richelieu, 195; creation of a master of the ceremonies, 196; absurd punctilios of, illustrated from the Diary of Sir John Finett, 196-204.

EVELYN, his mode of composition, ii. 88; praise due to him for his Sylva, 152; his design for arms of Royal Society, 411, and note.

EVENTS which have not happened, ii. 428-438.

EXCOMMUNICATION, by the Popes, dreadful consequences of, ii. 84.

FAIRFAX Papers, curious discovery of, i. 24, note.

FAIRFAX, Sir Thomas, anecdotes of him and his family, ii. 461-474.

FAME, contemned, 66.

FAMILIAR spirits, intercourse with, believed, i. 27, 28, 280.

FANSHAW, Sir Richard, his Ode on the king's commanding the gentry to reside on their estates, iii. 369-371.

FARCES, ancient, reprehensible, but their pleasantry and humour not contemptible, i. 358; customary among the Romans after a serious piece, ii. 131.

FASHIONS.--See LITERARY FASHIONS. Anecdotes of their origin, changes and extravagances, i. 216-230; introduction of French, 227, 228; chronicled by Stowe, 225; French, prevailed in the reign of Charles II., 228; notice of modern, 229; lines condemning the acts of, 230; expensive in the reigns of Henry VII. and VIII., ii. 36.

FEAST of Fools, ii. 31.

FEAST of Asses, ii. 31.

FELTON, John, the assassin of the Duke of Buckingham, his motives for the act, ii. 371; his passage to London in triumph, 372; anagram on his name, 373; his remorse, ib.; his character, 374; his family, ib., and note; propositions found in his trunk, 375; history of the remarkable written paper found in his hat, ib., note; answer to a threat of torture, 376; poem addressed to, 378.

FEMALE beauty and ornaments, opinions and practices of various nations concerning, i. 211.

FENELON, Jansenist character of, i. 373; his admiration of Homer, iii. 339.

FEUDAL customs and rights, the barbarous, the first attempts at organizing society, i. 183; servitude of the land, 184; maiden rights, ib.; wardship, 185; German lords privileged to rob on the highway, ib.; anecdote of Geoffrey, Lord of Coventry, ib.; anecdotes of the abuse of feudal rights and power, 186, 187.

FILBERT, origin of the name, ii. 157, and note.

FILCHERS, literary, iii. 316-319.

FILICAJA, a sonnet of, iii. 197, translated, ib.

FINETT, Sir John, master of the ceremonies to Charles I.--See ETIQUETTE.

FIRE, in primæval ages, a signal of respect, ii. 16; worshipped as a divinity, ib.; a symbol of majesty, ib.; ancient observances regarding, ib.

FIRE-WORKS, not known to antiquity, ii. 15; their epoch, 17; originated with the Florentines and Siennese, ib.; their use passes to Rome, ib.; exhibition of at Paris, 18.

FLAP-DRAGONS, ii. 298.

FLEA, collection of poems on, i. 304.

FLORAL gifts, withheld by the Capitouls of Toulouse from Maynard, a French poet, i. 437.

FLOGGING, a discussion on, occasioned Roger Ascham to write his Schoolmaster, i. 87.

FLOWERS and Fruits, praise of the introducers of exotic, ii. 151; Peirese and Evelyn, ib.; Hartlib, 153; enthusiasm evinced by the transplanters of, ib.; notice of many introduced by particular persons, 154; origin of, distinguished by their names, 155; worthy pride of introducers of, 156, 157.

FORGERIES and fictions, political and religious, iii. 144; historical instances, 145-150; literary, iii. 304-319.

FORMOSA, Psalmanazar's pretended history of, i. 136, note.

FOSCOLO, Ugo, his opinion on the titles of Italian Academies, ii. 490.

FOURMONT, the Oriental scholar, anecdote of, iii. 396.

FOX'S Acts and Monuments, iii. 239.

FRIENDSHIPS of literary men, interesting anecdotes of, ii. 55-59.

FRANKLIN, Dr., experiments with lightning, ii. 413.

FRENCH REVOLUTION a commentary on the English, iii. 489.

FRONDEURS, organized by Cardinal de Retz, iii. 83.

FUGGERS, a wealthy family of merchants, i. 6, and note.

FUNERAL honours paid to their kings by the Goths and Huns, i. 196.

GALILEO, condemned to disavow his own opinions, i. 28; his annotations on Tasso, ii. 444.

GAMESTERS, memoirs of celebrated, i. 190.

GAMING, a universal passion, i. 187; treatises on, ib.; among the nations of the East, 188, 189; the ancients, ib.; picture of a gambling-house in 1731, ib.

GARDENS, mediæval, ii. 154, note; gradual introduction of fruits and flowers, 151-157.

GAS, origin of the word, iii. 282.

GAYTON, Edmund, his pleasant notes upon Don Quixote and other works, i. 139, note.

GEMARA.--See TALMUD.

GENIUS, inequalities of, i. 88; men of, deficient in conversation, 103; modern persecution of, 197.

GERBIER, Sir Balthazar, a confidential agent of the Duke of Buckingham, ii. 358; notices of his Memoirs, 359-369; his account of the preparations for the siege of Rochelle, 368.

GESTURES significant, used by the ancients and by modern Neapolitans, ii. 119, note.

GETHIN, Lady Grace, her statue in Westminster Abbey, ii. 270; her papers collected and published, under the title of Reliquiæ Gethinianæ, 271; character of the book, ib.; Congreve's laudatory lines on, ib.; its authenticity doubted, 272; her considerations on the choice of a husband, 273.

GHOSTS, theory of, iii. 287, 288.

GIANNONE, his History of Naples, iii. 184; threatened by the Inquisition, 185; died in the citadel of Turin, ib.

GIBBON, his mode of study useful to students, ii. 89.

GILL, Alexander, committed by the Star Chamber, ii. 373.

GLOVES, supposed to be mentioned in the 108th Psalm, i. 235; account of, by Xenophon, ib.; mentioned by several ancient writers, ib.; use of, universal in the 9th century, 236; regulations concerning, ib.; employed on great and solemn occasions, such as investitures, ib.; Abbots forbidden to use, ib.; blessing of, 237; deprivation of, a mark of degradation, ib.; challenging by, ib.; used for secret correspondence, ib., note; use of, in carrying the hawk, 238; formerly forbidden to judges, ib.; singular anecdote concerning, ib.; ancient, in the Denny family, 239.

GLOVE-MONEY, i. 238.

GOFF, Thomas, a tragic poet, specimens of his works, ii. 42.

GONDOLIERS of Venice, description of their chanting the verses of Tasso and Ariosto, i. 388.

GOUGH, the antiquary, anecdote of, iii. 319.

GRAY, loss of his MSS., ii. 451.

GROTIUS, account of his life and studies, i. 129, 130.

GRUB-STREET Journal, extract from, ii. 492; its authors, ib., note.

GUELPHS and Ghibellines, iii. 89.

GUEUX, iii. 81.

GUIBERT, foretold the French Revolution, iii. 300.

GUICCIARDINI, his history posthumous, iii. 180; first editions of his works castrated, ib.; continuation of his history by Adriani, ib.

GUILT, trials and modes of proof of, in superstitious ages, i. 161-166.

GULLIVER'S Travels, account of the first edition, i. 320, note.

HAIR, early taste in the colour of, ii. 33, and note.

HALIFAX, Marquis of, his MS. memoirs suppressed, ii. 447.

HALL, Bishop, his belief in witches, iii. 293, and note.

HALLEY, anecdote of his perseverance and sagacity, iii. 411.

HAMILTON, Elizabeth, her projected series of comparative biography, iii. 424.

HANS CARVEL, origin of Prior's story of, i. 111.

HARDI, a French tragic author, ii. 41.

HARLEQUIN, his Italian origin, ii. 117; turned into a magician by the English, ib.; the character essentially Italian, 118; treatises written on it, 121; a Roman mime, ib. and note; his classical origin, 123, note; his degeneration, 125; his renovation under the hand of Goldoni, ib.; improved into a wit in France, ib.

HARTLIBB, Samuel, a collector and publisher of manuscripts on horticulture and agriculture, ii. 153.

HARVEY, his discovery of the circulation of the blood, iii. 412.

HAZLERIGG, Sir Arthur, "an absurd bold man," a violent leader of the Rump Parliament, iii. 487.

HEART of a lover, story of, i. 233, 234.

HEAVY hours of literary men, i. 392.

HELL, Purgatory, and Heaven, topographical descriptions of, i. 202; treatises on, 204, 205.

HEMON DE LA FOSSE, a modern Polytheist, executed in 1503, i. 216.

HENRIETTA, queen of Charles I., her character, ii. 337; anecdote illustrative of, ib.; after the Restoration, 338; various descriptions of her person, ib.; her contract with the Pope, 339; account of her journey to England on her marriage, 340; her French establishment, 341; anecdote of her confessor's conduct, 342; the dismissal of her French attendants, 345; the amount of her supposed influence over her husband, 348.

HENRY the Seventh, anecdote of, ii. 10.

HENRY the Eighth, anecdote of, ii. 10; his proclamation against reading the Bible in English, iii. 373, note.

HENRY, prince, son of James I., anecdote of, iii. 186-194.

HENRY, the English historian, loose and general in his references, ii. 418.

HERETICS, a classification of, i. 350.

HERMIPPUS REDIVIVUS, a curious jeu-d'-esprit, i. 320.

HEYLIN, a popular writer, died in 1662, iii. 215; his rival biographers, 216-221; his History of the Puritans and Presbyterians, 239.

HIGH SHERIFF'S Oath, exceptions taken to, by Sir Edward Coke, iii. 446.

HISTORY, of events which have not happened, a good title for a curious book, ii. 428; speculative history of the battle of Worcester, had it terminated differently, 429; a history of this kind in Livy, ib.; subjects for, 430-438.

HISTORY of New Words.--See NEOLOGY. Of suppressed opinion, iii. 150-163; of writing masters, 167-177.

HISTORIANS, remarks on the infidelities of, i. 191; Italian, commended, iii. 177; notices of the most celebrated, 180-186; wrote for posterity, 182, 183; fate of Giannone, who published in his life-time, 185; observations on, 186.

HOLYDAY, Barton, author of the comedy "The Marriage of the Arts," ii. 43.

HOME, the author of the tragedy of "Douglas," persecuted for composing it, i. 197.

HOMER, notice of his detractors, i. 24; profound knowledge of history, geography, arts, sciences, and surgery ascribed to, 303.

HUDIBRAS, attacks upon Butler, the author of, ii. 491; various accounts of the original of the character, 492; indecency avoided in, 493; epitaph on the author of, ib.; attacks on Butler's character, 494; and vindication of, 495.

HUGH of Lincoln, legend of, iii. 145, note.

HUGUENOT, origin of the term, iii. 82.

HUME, his carelessness in research, iii. 368.

HUMPHREY, Duke, origin of the phrase "dining with," ii. 169, note.

HURD, Bishop, his proposed book of parallels, iii. 425.

HYMNS set to popular tunes, ii. 149, note.

IDLENESS punished among the ancients, i. 199, 200.

IKON BASILIKE; its probable effects had it appeared a week sooner, ii. 435.

ILIAD, in a nut-shell, i. 275.

IMAGE-BREAKERS, proclamation by Elizabeth against, iii. 375, 376.

IMITATORS, masterly, i. 258, 261.

IMITATIONS, of Cicero, i. 67; Le Brun's religious Virgil and Ovid, ib.; Sannazarius's poem _de Partu Virginis_, 68; Arruntius an ancient imitator of Sallust, ib.; modern, ib.; Arabian anecdote, 69.

IMITATIONS and Similarities, Poetical, various and curious instances of, ii. 92-110.

INDEPENDENTS, their intolerance, iii. 85.

INDEX, of prohibited books, ii. 216; Expurgatory, ib.; Congregation of the, ib.; reprinted by the heretics with annotations, 217; effect of, in raising the sale of books, 219.

INDEXES, Fuller's observations on, i. 72.

INFLUENCE of a name, ii. 65-75.

INGHIRAMI, and forged Etruscan antiques, iii. 307.

INIGO JONES, his excellent machinery for exhibiting masques, iii. 12, 13.

INK, inferiority of modern, ii. 29; various kinds anciently used, 30.

INQUISITION, establishment of, at Toulouse, i. 166; in Spain, 167; first proceeding of, ib.; taciturnity of the Spaniards attributed to, ib.; anecdotes concerning, 168-170; history of, by Orobio, 167.

INTEMPERANCE in study, i. 8.

INTRODUCERS of exotic flowers, fruits, &c., ii. 151, 157.

IRELAND, W. H., his Shakesperian forgeries, i. 137, note.

ISABELLA-COLOUR, origin of term, i. 217.

ITALIANS, their national genius dramatic, ii. 118.

ITALIAN HISTORIANS, iii. 177-186.

ITALIC letter, introduction of, i. 77; formerly called the Aldine, 78.

JACQUERIE, iii. 82.

JAMES the First gave credit to physiognomy, i. 149; injustice done to his character for wit, 156; distinguished as Queen James, 462; his ambassador's speech, 463; _cleanliness_ of his court, ib.; his effeminacy, ib.; his general character, ib.; his imbecility in his amusements, 464; his pedantry, 465; account of his death, 466; results of the author's further inquiry into the character of, 467; his conduct regarding his son's expedition into Spain, ii. 2; his objections to Laud's promotion, iii. 297; his character vilified, 333; his attention to the education of his children, ib.; his conduct towards his wife, 334-337.

JAMES the Second, kept a diary, ii. 214.

JAMET L'AÎNÉ, proposes to edit a new edition of the Dictionary of Trevoux, iii. 232.

JANSENISTS, the Methodists of France, i. 373; cause a Biographical Dictionary to be compiled, devoted to their cause, in opposition to that of L'Avocat, ib.; specimens of this dictionary, 373, 374; their curses never "lapsed legacies," 375.

JERUSALEM, Arabic chronicle of, only valuable from the time of Mahomet, i. 191; several portions translated by Longuerue, ib.

JESUITS, a senate of, sent by Sigismund, King of Sweden, to represent him at Stockholm, destroyed by stratagem, i. 231-233.

JESUIT'S snuff poisoned, ii. 442, note.

JEWS of York, history of their self-destruction, ii. 75-79.

JOCULAR PREACHERS, i. 251-258.

JODELLE, Etienne, the first author of French tragedy, ii. 40.

JOHNSON, Dr., his original Memorandum of Hints for the Life of Pope, ii. 380-382.

JONSON, Ben, Fuller's character of, i. 380; his arrogance, 381; his Ode on the ill reception of his play of "The New Inn" quoted, 382; Owen Feltham's Ode in reply, 383; Randolph's Consolatory Ode to, 385; his poem on translation, ii. 501; employed on court masques, iii. 6-8, 12.

JOSEPH VELLA, pretended to have recovered seventeen of the lost books of Livy, i. 135; patronized by the king of Naples, ib.; discovered and imprisoned, 136.

JOURNALS.--See LITERARY JOURNALS.

JOURNALIST, Public, indispensable acquirements of a, i. 16.

JUDICIAL Combats, anecdotes of, i. 162, 163.

KINGS, remark of St. Chrysostom on, i. 173; willing to be aided, but not surpassed, 174; anecdotes of, ib.; observations of the Duke of Alva and of Dr. Johnson on, 176; divine honours bestowed on, 179; dethroned, 181; anecdotes of, and their families, in misfortune, 181, 182; descendants of, found among the dregs of the populace in conquered countries, 183; funeral honours paid to, by the Goths and Huns, 196.

KIRK, Colonel, original of the horrid tale of, related by Hume, iii. 148.

KISSING hands, customary among the ancients as an act of adoration, ii. 81; used by the primeval bishops, ib.; declined with Paganism, ib.; prevailed at Rome, 82; an essential duty under the emperors, ib.; practised in every known country, ib.

KNOX, John, his Machiavelian politics, iii. 242; his opinions on toleration, 251; his predictions, 277, 278.

LAMBE, Dr., a magician, murdered in the streets of London, ii. 364; fine and assessment on City companies in consequence, ib., note.

LA MOTHE LE VAYER, a great quoter, ii. 417.

LAMPS, Perpetual, i. 243; possibility of, ib.; Rosicrucians, ib.

LA RUE, i. 257.

LATIMER, Bishop, curious sermons by, i. 256, and note; his youthful history, ii. 39, note.

LATOUR DU CHATEL, a neglected contributor to the Dictionary of Trevoux, procures the mediation of the French government, iii. 231.

LAUDER, William, pretended discovery of plagiarisms of Milton, i. 137, and note.

LAUREATS, sketch of the history of, i. 454; ancient, ib.; Petrarch the first modern, ib.; degrees granted to, ib.; formula employed in granting the degree of, 455; their honours disgraced in Italy, ib.; Querno crowned in a joke, ib.; honours lavished on, by Maximilian I., 456; honours still conferred on, in Germany, ib.; unknown among the French, ib.; appointment of, in Spain, ib.; in England never solemnly crowned, 457; salary of, in England, ib.

LAZZARONI, iii. 82.

LAZZI, dramatic side-play, ii. 128.

LEAGUE, the, its pretext and its cause, iii. 142, 143.

LEARNED men, persecution of, i. 27; poverty of, 29; imprisonment of, 35; amusements of, 38.

LE CLERC, antagonist of Bayle, and author of three Bibliothèques, the Universelle et Historique, Choisie, and Ancienne et Moderne, i. 15.

LE FEVRE, Nicholas, edition of his works by Lenglet du Fresnoy, iii. 249, and note.

LEGENDS, origin of, i. 89; Golden, 90; of the Seven Sleepers, 91; account of several, 92, 93; Golden, abounds in religious indecencies, 366; of St. Mary the Egyptian, ib.

LEIBNETZ, his admiration of Barclay's Argenis, iii. 339; anecdote of, iii. 455.

LENGLET DU FRESNOY, his "Méthode pour étudier l'Histoire," iii. 221; his peculiar character, ib.; history of his Méthode, 222, 224, and note, ib.; his literary history, 224; a believer in alchymy, 225; his political adventures, 227.

LE KAIN, anecdote of, i. 251.

LEO the Tenth, motive of his projected alliance against the Turks, iii. 142.

L'ESTRANGE, Sir Roger, a strong party writer for Charles II., i. 159; his Æsop's Fables, 160.

LETTRES DE CACHET, invented by Father Joseph, confessor to Richelieu, iii. 196.

LIBEL, singular means used to discover the author of a, ii. 314.

LIBELS on the Duke of Buckingham, ii. 365-370.

LIBERTY of the Press, restrictions on, ii. 216-227; its freedom did not commence till 1694, 227; reflections on, 228.--See CENSORS.

LIBRARIES, i. 1; celebrated Egyptian and Roman, 1-3; public, in Italy and England, 3, 4; in France and Germany, 6, 7; use of lights in, 7; that of the Palatine Apollo destroyed by Pope Gregory VIII., 50; in Bohemia, destroyed by the Jesuits, ib.; destruction of, under Henry VIII. ib.; astronomical, in the ark of Noah, 303; Irish, before the Flood, ib.; Adams's, ib.; modern opinion on their utility, iii. 345.

LICENSERS of the Press.--See CENSORS.

LIGHTS, in public libraries, ordered in France by Charles V., i. 6; objection to, 7.

LILLY, the astrologer, notices of, i. 280-283; his great work, 282; an exquisite rogue, ib.

LIPOGRAMMATIC works, i. 293.

LIPSIUS, Justus, his opinions on toleration, iii. 253.

LITERARY Blunders, a pair of lexicographical, i. 305; instances of curious, 320-327.

LITERARY Composition, ii. 85-92.

LITERARY Controversy, specimens of Luther's mode of managing, i. 308; Calvin's conduct of, 309; Beza imitates Calvin's style in, 310; opinion of Bishop Bedell on, ib.; conduct of the fathers in, ib.; grossness used in, 311; of the Nominalists and Realists, 312.

LITERARY Fashions, ii. 113; applause given to a work supposed to be written by a celebrated man, ib.; notices of various, ib.; love all the fashion, 114; Spenser's Faerie Queen became one, ib.; the translation of Greek tragedies, a, ib.; of the seventeenth century, 115; of the time of Charles I., ib.; of Charles II., and of more modern times, ib.

LITERARY Follies, instances of various in the fantastical composition of verses, i. 293-307; strange researches made in antediluvian times to be classed with, 301-303; anecdote of a malicious one, ib.; various anecdotes concerning, 301-307.

LITERARY Forgeries, by Dr. Berkenhout, a letter from Peele to Marlow, i. 380; by George Steevens, iii. 297; history of one, 299, 300; by Horace Walpole, 302; anecdote of Steevens and Gough, 303, 304, and notes; by De Grassis, ib.; by Annius of Viterbo, 305, and mischievous consequences of, ib.; Sanchoniathon, 306; of Etruscan antiquities, ib.; the false Decretals of Isidore, 308; in the prayer-book of Columbus, ib.; in the Virgil of Petrarch, ib.; by the Duke de la Vallière, 309; by Lauder, 310; by Psalmanazar, 311.

LITERARY Friendships, ii. 55-58.

LITERARY Impositions, curious anecdotes of, i. 260, 261.

LITERARY Impostures, i. 132; by Varillas, the French historian, ib.; supposed by Gemelli Carreri, but afterwards discovered to be fact, ib.; Du Halde's account of China compiled, 133; Damberger's Travels, ib.; titles of works announced by the historiographer Paschal, his works at his death amounting to six pages, ib.; by Gregorio Leti, ib.; forgeries of Testaments Politiques, ib.; pretended translations, 134; Travels of Rabbi Benjamin, ib.; by Annius Viterbo, ib.; by Joseph Vella, who pretended to have recovered seventeen of the lost books of Livy, 135; by Medina Condé, 136; by George Psalmanazar, ib.; Lauder's, 137; Ireland's, ib.; by a learned Hindu, ib.; anecdotes concerning, 138.

LITERARY Journals, i. 12; originated with the Journal de Sçavans, by Denis de Sallo, counsellor in the Parliament of Paris, 13; Nouvelles de la République des Lettres, published by Bayle in 1684--continued by Bernard, and afterwards by Basnage in his Histoire des Ouvrages de Sçavans, 15; Le Clerc's Bibliothèques Universelle et Historique, Choisie, and Ancienne et Moderne, ib.; Apostolo Zeno's Giornale de Litterati d'Italia, ib.; Bibliothèque Germanique, 16; Bibliothèque Britannique, ib.; Journal Britannique by Dr. Maty, ib.; Review conducted by Maty, jun., 16; Mémoire des Trévoux, ib.; Journal Littéraire, ib.; Memoirs of Literature and Present State of the Republic of Letters, the best early English, ib.; monthly, ib.

LOLLARDS, oath against them enforced upon sheriffs until reign of Charles I., iii. 447; repealed by the political feeling of Coke, ib.

LONGOLIUS, or Longueil, composed a biographical parallel between Budæus and Erasmus, iii. 425.

LORENZO DE' MEDICI, effect of his death, ii. 436.

LOUIS the Eighth, singular anecdote of the cause of his death, ii. 32.

LOUIS the Eleventh, anecdote of, ii. 10, 11.

LOUIS the Twelfth, cause of his death, ii. 34.

LOUIS the Fourteenth, chose his courtiers by the rules of physiognomy, i. 148; some remarks on his real character, ii, 449; passages suppressed in his instruction to the Dauphin, 450.

LOUIS L'ABÉ, the Aspasia of Lyons, i. 362; wrote the morality of "Love and Folly," ib.

LOUPS-GAROUX, iii. 293.

LUCULLUS, description of the library of, i. 3.

LUKE, Sir Samuel, the true prototype of Hudibras, ii. 491, and note.

LUNSFORD, Colonel, imputed a cannibal, iii. 149, note.

LUTHER, Martin, remarks on, and extracts from, his controversial writings, i. 308, 309; caricatures on, 309, note; Jansenist character of, 374; anecdote of, from Guicciardini, ii. 479, 480; his political conduct, iii. 144.

LUYNES, Duc de, his origin, ii. 11.

LUXURY, in dress, an old dramatist's opinion on, iii. 400; doctrines of political economy concerning, 401; excessive amongst our ancestors, ib.; the Pas de Sandricourt, 402-405; ruinous in the reigns of Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I., 405.

MABBE, James, translator of "Guzman" and "Celestina," Spanish plays, ii. 501; Ben Jonson's verses in praise of, ib.

MACHIAVEL discovered the secret of comparative history, iii. 179.

MACKENZIE, Sir George, notice of his Treatise on Solitude, ii. 50.

MAD-SONG, specimen of an ancient, ii. 315.

MAGIC, instances of many learned men accused of, i. 27-29; Solomon accounted an adept in, 122.

MAGIUS, Charles, a noble Venetian, iii. 136; his travels and adventures contained in a volume of paintings, ib.; detailed description of, 137-141.

MAGLIABECHI, Anthony, celebrated for his great knowledge of books, i. 394; description of him and his mode of life, 394-397.

MAII, the discoverer of Cicero's treatise _de Republica_, i. 18, and note.

MAILLARD, Oliver, a famous cordelier and preacher, i. 252.

MAINE, Duc de, instituted the Journal de Trévoux, iii. 230; and the Dictionary of Trévoux, ib.

MAINTENON, Madame de, marries Scarron, i. 424; corrects his style, ib.

MALHERBE, his love of Horace, iii. 340.

MALIGNANTS, iii. 86.

MAN of one book, iii. 337-340.

MANDRAKE, i. 246.

MANNERS, anecdotes of European, ii. 30-39; domestic, among the English, 42-44.

MANUSCRIPTS, more valued by the Romans than vases of gold, i. 2; two thousand collected by Trithemius, abbot of Spanheim, who died 1516, 7; recovery of, 17-24; of the classics, disregarded and mutilated by the monks, 18; researches for, at the restoration of letters, 19; great numbers imported from Asia, 20; of Quintilian discovered by Poggio under a heap of rubbish, ib.; of Tacitus found in a Westphalian monastery, ib.; of Justinian's code found in a city of Calabria, ib.; loss of, ib.; unfair use made of by learned men, 22; anecdotes concerning, 22-25; of Galileo, partly destroyed by his wife's confessor, 28; ancient, frequently adorned with portraits of the authors, 42; destruction of, at the Reformation, 51; of Lord Mansfield destroyed in the riots of 1780, and of Dr. Priestley by the mob at Birmingham, 53; loss of many of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu's letters, 54; loss of letters addressed to Peiresc, ib.; of Leonardo da Vinci, ib.; anecdotes of manuscripts of several celebrated works, 375-377; description of the ancient adornments of, ii. 28; of Pope's versions of the Iliad and Odyssey, 110; of Sir Matthew Hale, bequeathed to Lincoln's Inn, to avoid their mutilation by the licensers of the press, 220; slaves employed to copy, 398; of the Vision of Alberico, preserved in the king's library at Paris, 422: of Galileo's annotations on Tasso, 444; destruction of Hugh Broughton's, by Speed, 445; destruction of Leland's, by Polydore Vergil, ib.; dilapidation of the Harleian, 446; suppression of one relating to Sixtus IV. by Fabroni, ib.; of the Marquis of Halifax suppressed, 447; Earl of Pulteney's and Earl of Anglesea's MS. Memoirs suppressed, ib.; anecdotes of the suppression of various, 448-452; mutilators of, 448; of Oldys's, iii. 493.

MARANA, John Paul, author of the Turkish Spy, i. 377-379.

MARBLES, presenting representations of natural forms, i. 244-247.

MARE CLAUSUM, written by Selden in answer to the Mare Liberum of Grotius, ii. 80; copies preserved in the chest of the Exchequer and in the Court of Admiralty, ib.

MARIONETTES, improved by the English, iii. 238.

MARLBOROUGH, the great Duke of (See BLENHEIM), account of his wealth, iii. 108.

MAROLLES, Abbé de, a most egregious scribbler, i. 350; wrote his own memoirs, 351; good advice in the postscript to the epistle dedicatory of that work, ib.; his memoirs, ii. 538; anecdote of him and De L'Etang, a critic, 539; notices of his voluminous works, ib.; his magnificent collection of prints, 541.

MAROT, Clement, his character, ii. 474; his translation of the Psalms, ib.; sung to the airs of popular ballads, 476; his Psalms the fashion, 477; edition published by Theodore Beza, set to music, ib.; his Psalms declared Lutheran, and himself forced to fly to Geneva, ib.

MAR-PRELATE, the book suppressed, ii. 453.

MASKS, worn by Italian actors, ii. 124.

MASSINGER a student of the Italian drama, ii. 138.

MASQUES, notices of magnificent, in the time of Charles I., ii. 327; the farewell masque of the Duke of Buckingham, 369; mistaken notions of commentators regarding, iii. 5; their real nature, 7, 8, 9; description of the masque of Night and the Hours, 10; their ultimate ruin, by their splendour, at the court of Louis XIV., 13, note.

MASSILLON, i. 250.

MASTER of the Ceremonies, created by James the First, ii. 196.

MASTERLY IMITATORS, i. 258-261.

MATRIMONY, its suitableness to learned men considered, i. 332-334; opinions of Sir Thomas Browne upon, 335; not borne out by his practice, ib.

MAXIMILIAN the First, founds a poetical college at Vienna, i. 456.

MEALS, hours of, ii. 315.

MEDAL, struck by the Catholics to commemorate the massacre of the Huguenots, iii. 249.

MEDALS, satiric, used as money in the Saturnalia, iii. 151; modern applications of, 158-160.

MEDICINE and Morals, considerations on their connection, ii. 464-469; connection of the mind with the body, 470.

MEDINA CONDE, forges deeds and inscriptions to benefit the Church, i. 136; sold a bracelet to the Morocco ambassador, as part of the treasure of the last Moorish king, yet in fact fabricated by himself, ib.

MEMOIRS, remarks on their interest as compared with history, i. 462.

MENDELSSOHN, anecdote of, i. 392.

MENDICITY, punished among the Jews and nations of antiquity, i. 199, 200; first made a trade of by liberated Christian slaves, 201; punishment of in China, 202.

MENOT, Michael, a celebrated preacher, specimen of his sermons, i. 256.

MENTAL DISORDERS, singular mode of cure of, ii. 466; remarkable anecdotes of, 468-470.

METEMPSYCHOSIS, doctrines of, advocated in the present age, i. 192; notion long extant in Greece before the time of Pythagoras, ib.; taught by the Egyptians, ib.; entertained by many Eastern nations and by the Druids, ib.; Welsh system of, explained by Sharon Turner, 193; believed in Mexico, 194; Plutarch's description of, ib.

MICHAEL ANGELO, anecdote of, i. 258.

MIGNARD, a celebrated painter, curious anecdote concerning, i. 258, 259.

MILTON, his controversy with Salmasius and Morus conducted with mutual revilings, i. 152, 153; absurdly criticised by Bentley, 370-373; indebted to Andreini for the first idea of Paradise Lost, ii. 141; his works suffered at the hands of both Royalist and Republican licensers, 223; his Areopagitica, 225; a passage in his History of England suppressed, but preserved in a pamphlet, 448; his Comus escaped the destruction of the Bridgewater papers, 451; the story of him and the Italian lady, probably an invention of George Steevens, iii. 299; copied from a French story purporting to be of the 15th century, 300.

MILLINERS'bills, ancient and modern, ii. 39.

MIMES, Arch-mime followed the body of Vespasian at his funeral, iii. 120.

MIMI, an impudent race of buffoons, ii. 120; harlequin, a Roman mime, 121, and note.

MINISTERS, origin of the term as applied to the pastors of Christian churches, i. 128; palaces built by, notices of several, iii. 186-192; Sir Robert Walpole's remarks on the imprudence of their erecting such, 193; yet builds one himself, ib.

MINSTRELS, ancient and modern, pickpockets, ii. 146, note.

MISHNA, see TALMUD.

MISSALS, gross adornments of, i. 366.

MODERN stories and plots, many derived from the East, i. 111, 112.

MODES of salutation in various nations, ii. 12.

MONK, General, anecdote of him and his wife, i. 468; his conduct towards Charles II. at his landing, iii. 389.

MONTAGU, Lady Mary Wortley, suppression of her MSS., ii. 450.

MONTFLEURY, a French actor, death of, i. 248.

MONTLUC, Bishop of Valence, his negotiations for the election of the Duke of Anjou as King of Poland, iii. 349-362.

MORALIITIES, see MYSTERIES and MORALITIES.

MORALITY of "Every Man," referred by Percy to the class of tragedy, ii. 278.

MORE, Doctor, his extravagant Platonic opinions, i. 216.

MORUS, controversy of Salmasius with Milton, continued by, with mutual abuse, i. 153.

MUSIC, use of, in discovering indispositions by the voice, i. 151; influence of, in the cure of diseases, 269-271; effect of, on animals, 272-274.

MUTILATIONS commonly practised in the middle ages, ii. 311.

MYSTERIES, ANCIENT, bibliographical note of such as are printed, i. 352, note; one still performed in Bavaria, i. 360, note.

MYSTERIES and Moralities introduced by pilgrims, i. 352; subsequently distinguished characters actors in, 353; performed in open plains, ib.; indulgence granted to frequenters of, ib.; at Chester, ib.; singular anecdotes concerning a mystery, 354; specimens from French mysteries, 355; observations of Bayle and Warton on, 357; distinguished from each other, ib.; specimen of a morality, 358; moralities allegorical dramas, ib.; passion of René d'Anjou for, 360; triple stage used for representation of, 361; anecdote relating to an English mystery, ib.; morality of "Love and Folly," 362; at Kendal, Yorkshire, iii. 442; usually performed in the festival of Corpus Christi, ib., note.

NAMES, anecdotes relating to, and to their effect on mankind, ii. 65-75; orthography of proper, ii. 237-239; names of our streets, 239-243.

NAMES, significance of Roman, ii. 75, note.

NARDI, his history of Florence, iii. 181.

NATURAL PRODUCTIONS resembling artificial compositions, i. 244-246.

NEAL, his account of the Nonconformists, iii. 240.

NEEDHAM, Marchmont, the great patriarch of newspaper writers, i. 158; short account of, ib.

NEOLOGY, or the novelty of new words and phrases, remarks on, iii. 23; Neological Dictionary proposed by Lord Chesterfield, 26; not always to be condemned, 27; examples of the introduction of various new words in French and English, 28-32; the term "fatherland" introduced by the author, 31; picturesque words, 32.

NERLI, Philip, his "_Commentarj de Fatti Civili_," iii. 182.

NEWCASTLE, Margaret, Duchess of, celebrated among literary wives, i. 327-337; her account of her husband's mode of life, ii. 38, 39.

NEWSPAPERS, forged, and used unsuspectingly by historians, i. 156, note.

NEWSPAPERS, originated in Italy, i. 155; called Gazettas, ib.; first a Venetian, published monthly, ib.; circulated in manuscript, ib.; prohibited by Gregory XIII., ib.; first English, 156; much used by the English during the Civil Wars of Cromwell, and notices of these, 157-159; origin of, in France, 160; first daily one after the Restoration, ib.; only one daily, in the reign of Queen Anne, ib.; union between them and literary periodicals, opinions expressed on, ib.

NEWTON, remarks on, iii. 413.

NICCOLI, Nicholas, founded the first public library in Italy, i. 4.

NICKNAMES, use of, practised by political parties, iii. 80; instances of many, 81-89; serve to heat the minds of the people, 83; of various Parliaments, 85; effect of, on ministers, 89.

NOBILITY, conduct of kings towards, ii. 11, 12.

NOBLEMEN turned critics, pair of anecdotes concerning, i. 131.

NOMINALISTS and Realists, i. 312.

NOSTRODAMUS, consulted by Catherine de' Medici, i. 279.

NOVELS, the successors of romances, i. 450; Adam Smith's favourable opinion of, ib.

NUMERICAL Figures, of Indian origin, i. 276; introduction of Arabic, 277; Roman, ib.; origin of Roman, ib.; falsification of Arabic, 278.

OBSCURITY, in style, taught by a professor, i. 401; Lycophron possessed this taste, 402; defence of, by Thomas Anglus, ib.; Gravina's observations on, ib.

OLD AGE, progress of, in new studies, i. 98; remark of Adam Smith, on resumption of former studies in, ib.

OLDYS, a literary antiquary, iii. 493; caricature of, by Grose, 495; released from the fleet by the Duke of Norfolk, and made Norroy King at Arms, ib., and note; author of the anacreontic, "Busy, curious, thirsty fly," 496; placed in the library of the Earl of Oxford, 497; his integrity, ib., and note; his literary labours, 497-499; his life of Rawleigh, 499; history of his two annotated copies of Langbaine, 502; fate of his MSS., 503; his diaries, 504; his readiness to aid others with his knowledge, 506; his Dissertation on English Poetry curtailed by the bookseller, 507; extracts from his diaries, 508-511; his intended Life of Shakspeare, 509; anecdote of him and Pope, 511.

OLIVETAN Bible, iii. 155.

OPINIONS, suppressed, modes of expressing them in ancient and modern times, iii. 150; in the Saturnalia, ib.; by carvings and illuminations, 152; preceding the Reformation, 153; instance of the Olivetan Bible, 155; by medals and prints, 156.

ORCHIS, Bee and Fly, i. 245.

ORDEALS, i. 161-166.

ORDINARIES, the "Hells" of the 17th century, ii. 165; description of the arts practised at, 165-167.

OROBIO, his description of his imprisonment in the Inquisition, i. 167.

ORTHOGRAPHY of proper names, ii. 261; of the name of Shakespeare, ii. 238, note; of Sir Walter Raleigh, iii. 111.

OSMAN, Sultan, promotes his gardener, ii. 10.

OXFORD, Edward Vere, Earl of, his secret history, ii. 243-245.

PALACES built by ministers, iii. 186-192.

PALINGENESIS.--See REGENERATION.

PALMER, the actor, his death, i. 249.

PAMPHLETS, sketch of Myles Davis's history of, i. 343; origin and rise of, 344; one pretended to have been composed by Jesus Christ, ib.; Alexander Pope denounced as a plotter in a, 345; etymologies of the word, 345-347.

PANTOMIME, French verses in praise of, and translation of, ii. 116; Cervantes and Bayle's delight in, 116, 117; harlequin, 119; of the lower Italians in their gestures, ib.; treatises on, 121; transmitted from the Romans, 123; improvement of, by Ruzzante, 124; the history of a people traced in, 125; description of the various characters in Italian, 126.

PANTOMIMI, tragic actors usually mute, ii. 120; Seneca's taste for, ib.; their influence over the Roman people, 121.

PANTOMIMICAL Characters. See PANTOMIME; Massinger and Molière indebted to, ii. 138; remarks on Shakspeare's "Pantaloon," 139.

PAPER, among the ancients, ii. 27, 28; introduction into England, 29; various sorts of modern, ib.

PARACELSUS, his receipt for making a fairy, iii. 286, 287.

PARADISE LOST, prose and verse versions of, i. 305.

PARISIAN Massacre, apology for, iii. 255-260, 352.

PARK, Mungo, his book interpolated and altered by his editor, Bryan Edwards, ii. 453.

PARKER, Bishop of Oxford, iii. 279, note.

PARODIES, anecdote relating to, ii. 453; resembles mimicry, 454; not made in derision, ib.; practised by the ancients, 455; ancient, of Homer, ib.; modern, 456; dramatic, anecdotes of modern, 458-460; legitimate use of, ib.

PARPAILLOTS, or Parpirolles, iii. 82.

## PARTICULAR Providence, various opinions on, ii. 428-431; the

granting a free-conduct to Luther, by Charles V., possibly one, 432.

PASQUIN and Marforio, account of, i. 208.

PASQUINADES, origin of, and instances of several, i. 208.

PATRONS, their treatment of authors, i. 82; anecdotes regarding, 83, 84; opinion of Dr. Johnson upon, 83.

PAULUS JOVIUS, description of the country-house and collections of statues, books, and portraits belonging to, i. 45; description of the villa built by, iii. 397.

PAZZI, Cavaliero, founder of the Accademia Colombaria, ii. 483.

PEG-TANKARDS, ii. 296, and note.

PEIRESC, a man of incessant literary occupations, and an enthusiast in the importation of exotic plants, ii. 151; anecdotes of, iii. 409.

PEMBROKE, Anne, Countess of, designed a history of her family, iii. 421.

PERFUMERY and costly washes, introduced into England by the Earl of Oxford, i. 225.

PETITIONS, to Parliament against the Drama, ii. 289; mock, ib.

PETITIONERS and Abhorrers, iii. 87.

PETRACH, formula used at his coronation with the Laurel Crown, i. 455; his passion for literary composition, ii. 592; his Laura, iii. 309.

PICTORIAL Biography.--See MAGIUS.

PISISTRATUS, the first projector amongst the Greeks of a collection of the works of the learned, i. 2.

PHILIP the First of Spain, i. 469; his marriage with Mary of England, ib.; sought Queen Elizabeth in marriage, 470; offered himself to three different sisters-in-law, ib.; his advice to his son, ib.; his death-bed, ib.; his epitaph, 471.

PHILOSOPHY, dreams at the dawn of, iii. 280-290; mechanical fancies, 291, 292; inquiries after prodigies, 293; further anecdotes of, 294-296.

PHYSIOGNOMY, credited by Louis XIV. and James I., i. 148, 149.

PICART, his _impostures innocentes_, i. 259.

PICTURES belonging to Charles I., ii. 332, 333.

PINAMONTI, his book on the eternal punishments, i. 204, note.

PINELLI, his great library, and its partial destruction, i. 57, and note.

PLAGIARISM, in printed sermons, i. 400; a professor of, ib.

PLANTS, presenting representations of natural forms, i. 245.

PLANTYN the printer, and his office at Antwerp, i. 77, note.

PLATINA, his account of his persecution and tortures, for having been a member of the "Academy" at Rome, ii. 486.

PLATO, Aristotle studied under, i. 143; parallel between him and Aristotle, ib.; contest between him and Aristotle, 144; the model of the moderns who profess to be anti-poetical, 433; a true poet himself, ib.

PLATONISM, modern, originated among the Italians, i. 213; system of, by Gemisthus Pletho, ib.; professed by a Mr. Thomas Taylor, 215; by a scholar in the reign of Louis XII., 216; by Dr. More, ib.

PLETHO, or Gemisthus, a remarkable modern professor of Platonism, i. 213.

PLATTS or Plots, theatrical discovery of curious ones at Dulwich College, and remarks upon, ii. 138-140; see SCENARIO.

PLOTT, Dr., his project of a tour, iii. 292.

PLUNDER, etymology of, iii. 87, and note.

POETS, Plato's description of the feelings of, in the Phædon, i. 433; opinions of various learned men on the works of, 433; remarks on the habits of, 434, 435; behaviour of Frederic King of Prussia (father of the Great Frederic) to, 436; different conduct of other kings towards, 437; honours paid to, in the early stage of poetry, ib.; anecdote of Margaret of Scotland and Alain the poet, 438; opinions of the pious on the works of, ib.; too frequently merely poets, 439; hints to young, 440; to veteran, ib.; mistresses of, 441; change their opinions of their productions, ib.; antiquity of the custom of crowning, 454; abolished in the reign of Theodosius, ib.; regal, 457; condemned, ii. 303-308; laureat, see LAUREATS.

POETICAL GARLAND, i. 247.

POETICAL imitations and similarities, ii. 92-113.

POINT-DEVICE, etymology of, iii. 188, and note.

POLAND, history of the election of the Duke of Anjou as King of, iii. 346-363.

POLICHINELLO.--See PUNCH.

POLITIAN, Angelo, a polished Italian writer of the 15th century, i. 457; his dedicatory epistle, prefixed to his epistles, 458.

POLITICAL Nicknames, iii. 80-90.

POLITICAL Reports, false maxim on the efficacy of, ii. 438; ancient instances, ib.; of the battle of Lutzen, 439; on the battle of the Boyne, ib.; other anecdotes, modern and ancient, of the effect of, 440-443.

POLITICAL Religionism, illustrations of its effects, iii. 238-244.

POLITICAL Prognostics.--See PREDICTIONS. Dugdale hastened his labours in anticipation of the disorders of the Rebellion, iii. 261.

POLITICAL Parallels, iii. 267.

POLYDORE VERGIL, a destroyer of MSS., ii. 445.

POMPONIUS LÆTUS, in the 15th century raised altars to Romulus, ii. 485; chief of the "Academy" at Rome, 486.

POPE, his manuscripts, ii. 110; passage from, with the various alterations, 111, 112; Dr. Johnson's memorandum of hints for the life of, 381; anecdote of, iii. 397.

POPE, project of the, for placing a cardinal on the throne of England, ii. 505; favoured by Henry IV., ib.

POPES, their early humility and subsequent arrogance, ii. 83; Celestine kicks off the crown of the Emperor Henry the Sixth, ib.; their infallibility first asserted, ib.; protest of the University of Vienna against, 84; their excommunications, ib.

PORTA, John Baptiste and John Vincent, found the academy "Degli Oziosi," ii. 488; Baptiste's mechanical genius, iii. 290.

PORTRAITS, of authors, of celebrated men, i. 42-47; of the Fugger family, 6; commonly prefixed to ancient manuscripts, 42; collections of, amongst the ancients, 43; query upon the mode of their transmission and their correctness, ib.; use of, ib.; anecdotes relative to the effect of, 45; objections of ingenious men to sit for, reprobated, 46; Granger's illustrations of, 45; Perrault's "Eloges" confined to French, ib.; collection by Paulus Jovius, ib.; doubts as to authenticity of several, ib.; literary, of himself, by St. Evremond, 102; in minute writing, 275.

PORT ROYAL SOCIETY, the, i. 94; their Logic, or The Art of Thinking, an admirable work, ib.; account of its rise and progress, 95; many families of rank erected houses there, ib.; persecuted and destroyed by the Jesuits, 96; their writings fixed the French language, ib.

POSIES on rings, iii. 39, note.

POVERTY, abridgment of history of, by Morin, i. 198; regulations regarding, among the Jews, ib.; among the Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians, 199; uncommon among the ancients, 201; introduction of hospitals for the relief of, ib.

PRAYER-BOOKS, gross illustrations of, i. 366.

PREACHERS, jocular, i. 251-258.

PREDICTION, political and moral, determined by certain prognostics, iii. 260; of the Reformation by Cardinal Julian, Sir Thomas More, and Erasmus, 262; by Sir Walter Rawleigh, 263; of Tacitus, ib.; of Solon, 264; of Charlemagne, ib.; Cicero's art of, ib.; faculty of, possessed by Du Vair, 265; principles of, revealed by Aristotle, 266; by Mr. Coleridge, 268; of the French Revolution, 269, 270; frequently false, 272; anecdotes, 273; of the end of the world, ib., note; of the destruction of London in 1750, ib., note; of American independence, 274; sometimes condemned as false when really verified, 275; caution to be observed in, 276; instances of, by Knox, 277; of the death of Henry IV., ib.; reflections on, 278, 279.

PREFACES, frequently superior to the work, i. 71; a volume of, always kept ready by Cicero, ib.; ought to be dated, 72; anecdote of Du Clos' to a fairy tale, ii. 340.

PREFERMENT, anecdotes of, ii. 12.

PRESBYTERIANS, their conduct under Charles II., iii. 240; their intolerance, 254.

PRESS-MONEY, proposition that those who refused it should be tried by martial law, iii. 462, and note.

PRICE, Robert, a Welsh lawyer, incidents in his life, iii. 422.

PRIMERO, a game at cards described, ii. 166, note.

PRINCE HENRY, son of James I., resembled Henry V. in his features, ii. 186; Dr. Birch's life of, 187; anecdotes concerning, 187-194; his diary, 207.

PRINTING, art of, possessed by the Romans without being aware of it, i. 43, and note; probably originated in China, ib., and note; general account of early, 73-78.

PRINTERS, mention of early, i. 75.

PRINTS, satiric, iii. 160.

PROCLAMATIONS, against long swords and deep ruffs, i. 222; royal, against buildings in London, iii. 365; to enforce a country residence, 367; never possessed the force of laws, 366; of Henry VIII., 372; of Mary, 373; of Edward VI., 374; of Elizabeth, 375; of James I., 376; of Charles I., 377; of Charles II. against vicious, debauched, and profane persons, ib.; others by Charles II., 379.

PROFESSION, the choice of one and its influence on the mind, with some illustrative anecdotes, ii. 461-463.

PROPER names, orthography of, the uncertainty of, ii. 237; anecdotes and instances of, 237-243.

PROTESTANTISM, once existed in Spain, ii. 434.

PROVERBS, use of, derided by Lord Chesterfield, iii. 33; records of the populace, 34; existed before books, ib.; abound in the most ancient writers, ib.; "the dark sayings of the wise," 35; introduced into the Greek drama, 36; definition of, 38; influence of, over a whole people, ib.; collection of, by Franklin, ib.; inscribed on furniture, ib.; English, collected by Heywood, 39; a speech of, 40; an era of, amongst the English, 41; long favourites in France, ib.; comedy of, ib.; family, 42; ancient examples of the use of, 43; some, connected with the characters of eminent men, 44; use of, by poets, ib.; Eastern origin of many, 45; collection of, by Polydore Vergil and Erasmus, of Spanish by Fernandez Nunes, of Italian and French, English and Scotch, 46, 47; study of, 48; illustrative of national character, 48-56; anecdotes of the origin of certain, 56-61; historical, 61; remarks on the arrangement of collections of, 63.

PRYNNE, his method of composition, ii. 534; his extraordinary perseverance, ib.; title of the catalogue of his writings, 535; copy of his works bequeathed to Sion College, ib.; the pretended retractation of his Histriomastix, iii. 315, note.

PSALM-SINGING, remarks on, ii. 472; first introduction of, ib.; T. Warton's criticism of, 473; history of, 473-478; practised at lord mayor's feasts, 479.

PSALMANAZAR, his extraordinary literary forgery, i. 137, note; iii. 311; some account of, 312-314.

PUCK, the Commentator.--See STEEVENS.

PULTENEY, Earl of Bath, MS. Memoirs of, suppressed, ii. 447.

PUNCH, his ancient origin, ii. 122, and note; origin of his name, ib., note.

PUNCHINELLO.--See PUNCH.

PUNNING, in a dictionary, i. 305.

PUNS, Cicero's, i. 69.

PUPPET-SHOWS in England, iii. 238.

PURGATORY, Cardinal Bellarmin's treatise on, i. 204.

PURITANS, turn bacchanalian songs into spiritual ones, ii. 148.

PURITANS and Precisians, party nicknames at the Reformation, iii. 84, 85.

PYROTECHNICS.--See FIREWORKS.

QUADRIO, his Universal History of Poetry, iii. 233; his ignorance of English poetry, 234-236; his opinion of English comedy, 236; praises our puppet-shows, 238.

QUEEN MARY the First, her marriage with Philip of Spain, i. 469; her letter of instructions, ib.

QUEEN ELIZABETH, letter of, to her brother, Edward VI., i. 461; her exhibition of youthfulness to the ambassador of the Scottish king, 463; remarkable period in her annals, ii. 179; her maiden state, ib.; real cause of her repugnance to change it, ib., and note; her artifices to conceal her resolution, 180; debates of the Commons on the succession to, 181; address to, by the Duke of Norfolk, and her answer, ib.; despatch of the French ambassador on this occasion, 181-186; her judicious conduct, ib.; her conduct towards printers and authors, 221, 222; her dislike to the appointment of a successor, iii. 331; account of her death-bed, 331, 332.

QUEEN ANNE BULLEN, anecdote relative to her execution, i. 462.

QUERNO, made laureat for the joke's sake, i. 455.

QUEVEDO, his love for Don Quixote, iii. 339.

QUINCE, origin of, ii. 157, note.

QUODLIBETS, or Scholastic Disquisitions, i. 60.

QUOTATION, remarks on the use of, ii. 416; Selden's precept for, violated by himself, 417; Bayle's remarks on the use of, 418; when used by an eminent author often appropriated by an inferior, 419; value of the proper application of, 420.

RABBINICAL Stories, specimens of, i. 120-126; scripture quoted to support, 126.

RANTZAU, founder of the great library at Copenhagen, stanzas by, i. 5.

RANZ DES VACHES, effect of, i. 274.

RAWLEIGH, Sir Walter, composed his History of the World in prison, i. 36; assisted in that work by several eminent persons, ib.; variations in orthography of his name, iii. 111, note; author's account of his character, 112; Gibbon's and Hume's observations on, 113; cunning practised by, ib.; anecdotes of, 114; account of his return from Guiana, 115, 116; his attempt to escape, 118; betrayed by Sir Lewis Stucley, 119; narrative of his last hours, 124-129; his History of the World, the labour of several persons, 131; note on Mr. Tytler's remarks on the author's account of, 135, note; his extravagance in dress, 407; notice of Oldys's life of, 499.

RAYNAUD, Theophilus, his works fill twenty folios, and ruined his bookseller, 542; notice of, 543; his curious treatises, ib.

REALISTS, a sect of Scholars, i. 312.

REFORMATION, origin of, iii. 142.

REFUTATION, a Catholic's, i. 349.

REGENERATION of material bodies, iii. 286, 287.

RELICS of Saints, bought, sold, and stolen, i, 239; treatise on, by Gilbert de Nogent, ib.; of St. Lewin, ib.; of St. Indalece, 240; of St. Majean, ib.; of St. Augustin's arm, ib.; flogging of, ib.; miracles performed by, ib.; miraculously multiplied, 241; anecdote of a box of, presented by the Pope to Prince Radzivil, ib.; Frederick the Wise, a great collector of, 242; phial of the blood of Christ sent to Henry III., ib.; fall in price of, ib.; deceptive, 243.

RELIGION, state of, during the Civil Wars, iii. 433; illustrative anecdotes of, 434-436; contest between Owen and Baxter on, 437; confusion of, ib.; a colt baptised in St. Paul's Cathedral, 439, and note; anecdotes, 439-441; noticed by George Wither the Poet, 442; ordinance of the Parliament to rectify the disorders in, 443.

RELIGIONISM distinguished from religion, iii. 239.

RELIGIOUS Nouvellettes, a class of very singular works, i. 363; account of one, 364; notice of one discussing three thousand questions concerning the Virgin Mary, 365; Life of the Virgin, 367; Jesuits usual authors of, 368; one describing what passes in Paradise, ib.; the Spiritual Kalendar, ib.

REPRESENTATION, right of, not fixed in the 10th century, i. 162.

RESIDENCES of literary men, notices of several, iii. 394-399.

REVIEWS.--See LITERARY JOURNALS.

REVOLUTIONS, maxim on, iii. 278.

RHYMES inscribed on _knives_, and alluded to by Shakespeare, iii. 38, note; on _fruit trenchers_, ib.; on _rings_, 39, note.

RICCOBONI, a celebrated actor, his remarks on the Italian extempore comedy, ii. 134; anecdote of, 137; his inscription on the curtain of his theatre, ib.

RICH, a celebrated harlequin, ii. 130, and note.

RICHARDSON, the author of _Sir Charles Grandison_, remarks on him and his works, ii. 62-65.

RICHELIEU, Cardinal de, his general character, ii. 349; his death-bed, ib.; anecdotes of the sinister means practised by, 350; his confessor, Father Joseph, 351-353; projects of assassination of, 354, and note; drives Father Caussin, the king's confessor, into exile, 355.

RIVE, Abbé de, librarian of the Duke de la Vallière, iii. 341; his style of criticism, 342; his collections for works never begun, ib.; his observations on the cause of the errors of literary history, 344.

ROBINSON CRUSOE, remarks on, ii. 274; history of, traced, 275; written by Defoe, after illness, and in comparative solitude, 276; not published till seven years after Selkirk's adventures, 277.

ROC, the, of Arabian tales, a creature of Rabbinical fancy, i. 124.

ROCHEFOUCAULT De la, remarks on him and his maxims, i. 110.

ROCHELLE, expedition to, ii. 367; preparations for, ib.; frustrated by the death of Buckingham, 369.

ROMANCES, the offspring of fiction and love, i. 442; early, ib.; that of Heliodorus denounced in the synod, 443; forbidden in the Koran, ib.; of the Troubadours, 444; modern poets indebted to, ib.; Le Roman de Perceforest, 445; of chivalry, examples of, 446; Italian, 448; use made of by poets, 449; French, ib.; went out of fashion with square cocked hats, 450; modern novels, ib.; histories of, 451; D'Urfé's Astræa, ib.

ROMNEY the painter, his belief in alchymy, i. 282, and note.

RONSARD, the French bard, and his Bacchanalia, ii. 41.

ROSY-CROSS, the President of, proffers his advice to Charles I., iii. 464.

ROUSSEAU, his prediction of the French Revolution, iii. 271, 272, and note; his favourite authors, iii. 340.

ROYAL Autographs, iii. 165.

ROYAL Promotions, ii. 10.

ROYAL SOCIETY, origin of, ii. 410-413.

ROYAL Society of Literature, ii. 406, note.

RUBENS, his house at Antwerp, iii. 398; his love for collections of art, 399, and note.

RUFFS, extravagances in, i. 222-227.

RUMP, the origin of the term, iii. 482, 483; three stages in its political progress, 484; songs upon, 485; debate of the, whether to massacre all the king's party, 487; parallel between their course of conduct and that of the leaders in the French Revolution, 489-493.

SAINTE Ampoule, ii. 434, note.

SALMASIUS, his controversy with and abuse of Milton, i. 152-154.

SALVATOR ROSA, fond of acting in extemporal comedy, ii. 133.

SANDRICOURT, the Sieur de, ruined himself by one fête, iii. 402-405.

SANS CULOTTES, iii. 83.

ST. AMBROSE, writes a treatise on Virgins, i. 412; and another on the Perpetual Virginity of the Mother of God, ib.; his chastisement of an erring nun, ib.

ST. BARTHOLOMEW, apology for the massacre of, iii. 255-260.

ST. EVREMOND, literary portrait of, by himself, i. 102.

ST. URSULA and the Eleven Thousand Virgins all created out of a blunder, i. 324.

ST. VIAR, created by an error, i, 323.

SATIRICAL medals, iii. 156-160.

SATIRISTS may dread the cane of the satirised, i. 442.

SATURNALIA, institution of among the Romans, derived by Macrobius from the Grecians, ii. 256; dedicated to Saturn, ib.; latterly prolonged for a week, 257; description of, ib.; crept into the Christian Church, 258, and note; practised in the middle ages, 259; Feast of Asses, ib.; "December liberties," 260; the boy-bishop, 261; Lord of Misrule, ib.; Abbot of Unreason, 262; description of a grand Christmas held at the Inns of Courts, 263-265, and note; the last memorable, of the Lords of Misrule of the Inns of Court, 266; anecdote of a Lord of Misrule, 267; the Mayor of Garratt, 269; regiment de la Calotte, ib., and note, 270; Republic of Baboonery, ib.; medals used for money in, iii. 150, 151.

SAUNTERING, i. 175.

SAVAGES, various usages of at meals, i. 171-173.

SCALIGER, Julius, his singular manner of composition, ii. 86.

SCARAMOUCHES.--See PANTOMIME. Punch and Zany, prints of, ii. 125; character of, invented by Tiberio Fiurilli, 126; power of a celebrated, ib.

SCARON, account of his life and works, i. 421-428.

SCENERY of the old English stage, iii. 4, and note.

SCENARIE, the plots of extemporal comedies, ii. 130; description of, note; some discovered at Dulwich College, 139, 140, and note.

SCRIBLERAID, the, a poetical jest on pseudo-science, by R. O. Cambridge, i. 295, and note.

SCRIPTURE story treated like mediæval romance, i. 163, and note.

SCUDERY, Mademoiselle, composed ninety romances, i. 106; panegyrics on, ib.; her "Great Cyrus and Map of Tenderness," 107.

SCUDERY, George, famous for composing romances, i. 107; a votary of vanity, ib.; author of sixteen plays, 108.

SECRET HISTORY, of authors who have ruined their booksellers, ii. 532-546; of an elective monarchy, iii. 346-363; the supplement of history itself, iii. 380; reply to an attack on the writers of, 382; two species of, positive and relative, ib.; the true sources of to be found in MS collections, 383; neglect of by historians, 384; its utility, 385; of the Restoration, 386; of Mary, the Queen of William III., 389-393.

SEDAN chairs, introduced into England by the Duke of Buckingham, ii. 36.

SEGNI, Bernardo, his History of Florence, iii. 182.

SENTIMENTAL biography, iii. 414-424.

SERASSI, writes the life of Tasso, ii. 444; finds Galileo's MS. annotations, copies them, and suppresses the original, ib.

SERMONS, printed, Bayle's saying on, i. 345.

SEYMOUR, William, his family and character, ii. 508; enters into a treaty of marriage with the Lady Arabella Stuart, ib.; summoned before the Privy Council, ib.; his marriage, 509; imprisoned in the Tower, ib.; his wife's letter to him, 510; his escape, 515; is permitted to return, 519.

SHAKESPEARE, Fuller's character of, i. 380; orthography of his name, ii. 238, and note; introduces a masque in his "Tempest," and burlesques the characters in court masques, iii. 5, and note; bequest to his wife, 302.

SHENSTONE, the object of his poem of the Schoolmistress misunderstood, ii. 496; his ludicrous index to, 499; his character, his life, and his works, iii. 90-102.

SHOEING-HORNS, ii. 297, note.

SILHOUETTE, a term not to be found in any dictionary, iii. 84; originated in a political nickname, ib.

SILK stockings, pair of, presented to Queen Elizabeth, i. 226.

SILLI, ancient parodies, ii. 455.

SKELTON, his satire on Wolsey, iii. 187.

SNEEZING, the custom of saluting after, i. 126; attributed to St. Gregory, ib.; Rabbinical account of, ib.; anecdotes concerning, 127.

SNUFF-BOXES, the rage, in the reign of Queen Anne, i. 229; the Jesuits', reported to be poisoned, ii. 442.

SOLITUDE, treatise on, by Sir George Mackenzie, ii. 50; necessary for the pursuits of genius, 52; discomforts of 53, 54.

SOLOMON, accounted an adept in necromancy, i. 122; story of him and the Queen of Sheba, 202.

SONGS among the Grecians, ii. 142; sayings of Fletcher of Saltoun, and Dr. Clerk on, ib.; Greek songs of the trades, 143; of the weavers among the English, ib.; harvest and oar-songs in the Highlands, ib.; of the gondoliers, ib.; Dibdin's, 144; old English, 145; Swiss, 146; Italian, composed at Florence, under the Medici, ib.; French "Chansons de' Vendange," 147; parodied, by Puritans, 148; slang or flash, known to the Greeks, and specimens from Athenæus, 149; ancient practices in, connected with old English customs, 150; political, iii. 179, 180.

SONNAH, the, i. 113.

SOTADES travestied the Iliad, ii. 455.

SOTTIES, more farcical than farce, i. 358; specimen of one, 359-360.

SOVEREIGNTY of the seas, ii. 79-81.

SPANISH Etiquette, instances of its absurdity, i. 194.

SPANISH Poetry, i. 100; remarks on and illustrative quotations of, 101; translation of a madrigal found in a newspaper, 102.

SPEED, the historian, suspicions of his originality, ii. 445.

SPENSER, Fuller's character of, i. 379.

SPIDERS, influence of music on, i. 272; admired as food, ii. 355, note.

STANZAS to Laura, i. 230.

STARCHING, origin of, i. 227.

STEEVENS, George, the Puck of commentators, iii. 296; account of his literary forgeries, 297, 298; the story of Milton and the Italian lady attributed to, 299; his motives for omitting the Poems from his edition of Shakespeare, 301; his trick on the antiquary Gough, 303, 304.

STEPHENS, Robert, the printer, his family and their works, i. 76, note; divided the Bible into chapter and verse, iii. 433.

STERNHOLD and Hopkins, their version of the Psalms, ii. 472.

STONES, presenting representations of natural forms, i. 244, 245.

STOSCH, Baron, his dishonest collecting, iii. 318.

STREETS of London, origin of many of their names, ii. 239-243.

STUART, Arabella, mistakes of historians regarding, ii. 502; her history, 503-519.

STUCLEY, Sir Lewis, Vice-Admiral of Devon, accepted a surveillance over his kinsman, Sir Walter Rawleigh, iii. 116; his base treachery, 119; universally shunned in consequence, 120; convicted of clipping gold, ib.; his miserable death, 121.

STUDENT in the metropolis, the, description of, by Gibbon, Rogers, and Descartes, i. 112.

STUDY, plans of historical, ii. 90-92.

STUKELEY, Dr., his Imaginary History of the Empress Oriuna, i. 324, note.

STYLE, remarks on, in the composition of works of science, i. 89; strictures on the, of theological writers, ii. 21, 22; on that of Lancelot Addison, 23.

SUGAR-LOAF-COURT, origin of the name, ii. 10.

SUPPRESSION of MSS.--See MANUSCRIPTS.

SYDENHAM, F., his melancholy death occasions the foundation of the Literary Fund, i. 34, and note.

TABLETS, and Table-books, ii. 26.

TALMUD, many copies of, burnt, i. 48; a collection of Jewish traditions orally preserved, 114; comprises _Mishna_, which is the text of the _Gemara_, its commentary, ib.; general account of, ib.; believed apocryphal, even by a few among the Jews, ib.; time of the first appearance of its traditions uncertain, ib.; compiled by Jewish doctors to oppose the Christians, ib.; analysis of, by W. Wotton, 115; two Talmuds, ib.; committed to writing, and arranged by R. Juda, prince of the Rabbins, forming the Mishna, ib.; disputes and opinions of the Rabbins on the form of the Mishna, ib.; God's study of, ib.; curious, from its antiquity, 116; specimens of, from the Mishnic titles, 116-118; and from the Gemara, 119.

TASSO, various opinions on the respective merits of him and Ariosto, i. 386; Boileau's criticism on, 388; his errors national, ib.; his verses sung by the gondoliers, ib.

TAXATION, remarks on the popular feeling on, in ancient and modern times, iii. 193; associated with the idea of tyranny, ib.; illustrative anecdotes, 194; efficacy of using a mitigated term for, 195; gifts, tribute, benevolences, and loans, 195-198; Burleigh's advice on, 199.

TAYLOR, Thomas, a modern professor of Platonism, i. 215.

TEA, opposition to the introduction of, ii. 317; present of, declined by the Russian ambassador, 318; Dutch bargain for, 319; introduction into Europe, ib.; shop-bill of the first vendor of, 320.

TENURES, curious ancient, i. 187, note.

THOMAS AQUINAS, some account of the works of, i. 63-65.

TIMON of Philius, his parodies of Homer, ii. 455.

TICHBOURNE, Chidiock, concerned in Babington's conspiracy, ii. 171; his address to the populace at his execution, 176; his letter to his wife, 177; verses composed by him the night before his execution, 178.

TITLES, origins of, and anecdotes concerning, i. 155; book of, published in Spain, ib.; Selden's _Titles of Honour_, ib.; of books, 288-292.

TOLERATION, practised by the Romans, and inculcated by Mahomet, iii. 245; caution used in publishing works on, ib.; early English advocates of, 246, and note; in Holland, ib.; facts illustrative of the history of, 247, 248; condemned by all parties, 249-253; opinions of an English clergyman on, 252.

TOM O' BEDLAMS, account of, ii. 311-314, and notes; songs of, 315-317.

TORTURE, Felton threatened with, ii. 376; its frequent use in England, ib.

TORQUEMADA, first Spanish inquisitor, in fourteen years persecuted 80,000 individuals, i. 166.

TOWNLEY, Zouch, his poem on Felton, ii. 378; collection of antique marbles formed by his descendant Charles Townley, purchased for the British Museum, ib., note.

TRAITORS, barbarous mode of execution of, in Queen Elizabeth's time, ii. 175, and note.

TREASURES in hills, iii. 295, note.

TREVOUX.--See DICTIONARY.

TROUBADORS, their poems and their loves, i. 444.

TRUSLER, Doctor, first vendor of printed sermons imitating manuscript, i. 400.

TURNER, Doctor, a violent opposition leader in the second Parliament of Charles I., iii. 451; an agent of the opposition in Parliament against the measures of Charles I., 466; a disappointed courtier, 467, note.

TURKISH SPY, the, i. 377; John Paul Marana, the author of, 378.

URBAN the Eighth, instances of his poetic sensibility, i. 456.

USURERS of the 17th century, notice of the practices of, ii. 158-170.

USURY, contrary opinions on, ii. 174, 175.

UTOPIA, Sir Thomas More's, missionaries proposed to be sent to, i. 320.

VACCINATION, strange dread of, ii. 317.

VALLANCEY'S Collectanea, curious error in, i. 326, note.

VANBRUGH, the architect of Blenheim, got a power from Lord Godolphin to contract in the Duke of Marlborough's name, iii. 104; produces the power, 106; his depositions, ib.; attempt of the Duchess of Marlborough to charge the debts of Blenheim on, 108; conduct of the Duchess towards, 109; discovery of his origin, 110, 111.

VARCHI, Benedetto, his "Storie Florentine," iii. 183; remarks of Mr. Merivale on, ib., note.

VARILLAS, his fictitious work on the Reformation, i. 132, note.

VASARI'S History of Artists, not entirely written by himself, iii. 131.

VATICAN, library of, i. 4.

VAUCANSON, his mechanical figures, iii. 284, note.

VAUDEVILLES, origin of the name, ii. 148.

VERSES, follies in the fantastical forms of, i. 295-300; reciprocal, ib.

VICAR OF BRAY, story of the, i. 196; Dr. Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff, acted the same part, 197; type of, ii. 37.

VIDA, Jerome, from the humblest obscurity attained to the episcopacy, i. 105.

VISION OF ALBERICO, ii. 422; of Charles the Bald, 423.

VIRGIN MARY, images of, frequently portraits of mistresses and queens, i. 366; miraculous letter of, 367; Louis II. conveys Boulogne to, ib.; Life of, by Maria Agreda, ib.; worship paid to, in Spain, 368; system of, in seven folio vols., 369.

VIRGINITY, St. Ambrose's treatise on, i. 412.

WALKER, his account of the clergy of the Church of England who were sequestered, &c., iii. 243.

WALPOLE, Sir Robert, his magnificent building at Houghton, iii. 191.

WALSINGHAM, Sir Francis, died in debt, iii. 192.

WALWORTH, Sir William, his private motive for killing Wat Tyler, iii. 470, note.

WARBURTON, J., by neglect causes the destruction of old manuscript plays, i. 54, note.

WAT TYLER, anecdote of, iii. 470, note.

WESTMINSTER elections always turbulent from the days of Charles the First, iii. 461, note.

WHIG and Tory, origin of the terms, iii. 88.

WHISTLECRAFT'S Poem on King Arthur, ii. 496, note; imitated by Byron in his Beppo, ib.

WHITELOCKE, his Memorials, ii. 212; his remembrances, a work addressed to his family, lost or concealed, ib.; preface to the Remembrances preserved, ib.; omissions in first edition of his Memorials, ii. 448.

WIFE, Literary, i. 327; of Budæus, 328; of Evelyn, who designed the frontispiece to his translation of Lucretius, ib.; of Baron Haller, ib.; Calphurnia, wife of Pliny, ib.; Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle, 329; extract from her epistle to her husband, ib.; notices of the wives of various celebrated men, 332-337.

WIGS, custom of using, i. 217-220; Steele's, 229.

WILKINS, Bishop, his museum, iii. 291.

WINKELMANN, the plan on which he composed his works, ii. 89.

WOLSEY, Cardinal, his magnificent houses, iii. 187.

WOMEN, actors, first introduced on the Italian stage, ii. 140; on the English, 284; Kynaston a favourite actor of female characters, 285, note.

WOODCUTS, ancient, in the British Museum, i. 74, note.

WORDS, introduction of new.--See NEOLOGY.

WOOD, Anthony, when dying, caused his papers to be destroyed, ii. 243; some, however, preserved, ib.; secret history of the Earl of Oxford drawn from, ib.; compelled to disavow the translation of his book, 453; Gibbon's opinion of his dulness opposed, 538, note.

WRITING, minute, i. 275; ancient modes of, ii. 20-26; materials used for, 27-30.

WRITING-MASTERS, iii. 167; Massey's lives of, 169; anecdote of Tomkins, 171; Peter Bales, a celebrated, 173; account of his contest with David Johnson, 173-177.

XENOCRATES, pupil of Plato, attacked Aristotle, i. 142.

YVERY, notice of the History of the House of, iii. 420, and note.

ZANY, etymology of the word, ii. 123; and notes.

THE END.

Transcriber's note: The following typographical errors have been corrected:

In page 45: "Y l pedir dolor." amended to "Y el pedir dolor."

In page 47: "The plan consists of a dialogue betwen a philosopher and a Sancho Pança..." 'betwen' amended to 'between'.

In page 66: Added double quotes at the begining of: "Lo! the Nominalists and the Realists again!"

In page 208: Added double quotes at the end of: "He is dead, sir! asking your pardon for mentioning such a contemptible wretch!"

In page 229: "Journal and Dictionary, which latter is almost an enclycopædia as there are few things..." 'enclycopædia' amended to 'encyclopædia'.

In page 230: "Duc de Maine" amended to "Duc du Maine".

In page 318: "which of all those things which admit of being secretly purlioned, can only be practised in this department..." 'purlioned' amended to 'purloined'.

In page 504: "Cadell to the late Geroge Robinson, and that the successor of Dr. Kippis." 'Geroge' amended to 'George'.

In footnote 143: "The introductory account of Heylin has enabled us to correct the present article in some particulars, and add a few usefu notes." 'usefu' corrected to 'useful'.

In footnote 245: Added double quotes at the begining of: "heretykes, perverters of Christes relygyon."

In the Index: Discoveries in literature and science, aptitude in, obtained hy studious men, iii. 'hy' corrected to 'by'.