Chapter 13

and Mark another. There may have been still others on this day.]

_2. To the Disciples in the House_

(a) Explanation of the Parable of the Tares

Matt. 13:36-43

36 Then he left the multitudes, and went into the house: and his disciples came unto him, saying, Explain unto us the parable of 37 the tares of the field. And he answered and said, He that soweth 38 the good seed is the Son of man; and the field is the world; and the good seed, these are the sons of the kingdom; and the tares 39 are the sons of the evil _one_; and the enemy that sowed them is the devil: and the harvest is [1]the end of the world; and the 40 reapers are angels. As therefore the tares are gathered up and 41 burned with fire; so shall it be in [1]the end of the world. The Son of man shall send forth his angels, and they shall gather out of his kingdom all things that cause stumbling, and them that do 42 iniquity, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there 43 shall be the weeping and gnashing of teeth. Then shall the righteous shine forth as the sun in the kingdom of their Father [_see Dan. 12:3_]. He that hath ears, let him hear.

[Footnote 1: Or, _the consummation of the age_.]

(b) The Parable of the Hid Treasure

Matt. 13:44

44 The kingdom of heaven is like unto a treasure hidden in the field; which a man found, and hid; and [1]in his joy he goeth and selleth all that he hath, and buyeth that field.

[Footnote 1: Or, _for joy thereof_.]

(c) The Parable of the Pearl of Great Price

Matt. 13:45-46

45 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is a 46 merchant seeking goodly pearls: and having found one pearl of great price, he went and sold all that he had, and bought it.

(d) The Parable of the Net

Matt. 13:47-50

47 Again, the kingdom of heaven is like unto a [1]net, that was cast 48 into the sea, and gathered of every kind: which, when it was filled, they drew up on the beach; and they sat down, and gathered 49 the good into vessels, but the bad they cast away. So shall it be in [2]the end of the world: the angels shall come forth, and sever 50 the wicked from among the righteous, and shall cast them into the furnace of fire: there shall be the weeping and gnashing of teeth.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _dragnet_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _consummation of the age_.]

(e) The Parable of the Householder

Matt. 13:51-53

51 Have ye understood all these things? They say unto him, Yea. And 52 he said unto them, Therefore every scribe who hath been made a disciple to the kingdom of heaven is like unto a man that is a householder, which bringeth forth out of his treasure things new and old. 53 And it came to pass, when Jesus had finished these parables,[a] he departed thence.

[Footnote a: Eight of these ten parables go in pairs (the sower and the seed growing of itself, the tares and the net, the mustard seed and the leaven, the hid treasure and the pearl of great price). But nothing can be made out of the number of the parables spoken on this day. We do not even know what the number was. Jesus had spoken various shorter and more or less isolated parables before this occasion. An immediate occasion for the use of so many and such extended parables at this point was the hostility of the Pharisees and the need of special instruction for the disciples who were taught by Jesus how to interpret parables, though they had much difficulty later in applying the instruction about the parabolic teaching.]

Sect. 65. IN CROSSING THE LAKE, JESUS STILLS THE TEMPEST

Same day. Sea of Galilee

Mark 4:35-41 |Matt. 8:18, 23-27 |Luke 8:22-25 | | 35 And on that day, |18 Now when Jesus saw| when even was come, | great multitudes | he saith unto them, | about him, he gave | Let us go over unto | commandment to | the other side. | depart unto the |22 Now it came to | other side. | pass on one of 36 And leaving the |23 And when he was | those days, that multitude, they take| entered into a boat,| he entered into a him with them, even | his disciples | boat, himself and as he was, in the | followed him. | his disciples; and boat. And other | | he said unto them, boats were with him.| | Let us go over to | | the other side of | | the lake: and they | | launched forth. | |23 But as they sailed | | he fell asleep: 37 And there ariseth a |24 And | and there came great storm of wind,| behold, there arose | down a storm of and the waves beat | a great tempest in | wind on the lake; into the boat, | the sea, insomuch | and they were insomuch that the | that the boat was | filling _with boat was now | covered with the | water_, and were 38 filling. And he | waves: but he was | in jeopardy. himself was in the |25 asleep. And they | stern, asleep on the| came to him, and | cushion: and they | awoke him, saying, |24 And awake him, and say | Save, Lord; we | they came to him, unto him, Master, | perish. | and awoke him, carest thou not that| | saying, Master, 39 we perish? And he |26 And he saith | master, we perish. awoke, and rebuked | unto them, Why are | And he awoke, and the wind, and said | ye fearful, O ye of | rebuked the wind unto the sea, Peace,| little faith? Then | and the raging of be still. And the | he arose, and | the water: and wind ceased, and | rebuked the winds | they ceased, and there was a great | and the sea; and | there was a calm. 40 calm. And he said | there was a great | unto them, Why are | calm. |25 And he said unto ye fearful? have ye | | them, Where is not yet faith? | | your faith? | | And 41 And |27 And the men | being afraid they they feared | marvelled, saying, | marvelled, saying exceedingly, and | What manner of man | one to another, said one to another,| is this, that even | Who then is this, Who then is this, | the winds and the | that he commandeth that even the wind | sea obey him? | even the winds and and the sea obey | | the water, and him? | | they obey him?

Sect. 66. BEYOND THE LAKE JESUS HEALS THE GERASENE[a] DEMONIAC[b]

Gerasa (Khersa). Same day

Mark 5:1-20 |Matt. 8:28-34 |Luke 8:26-39 | | 1 And they came to |28 And when he was |26 And they arrived the other side of | come to the other | at the country of the sea, into the | side into the | the [4]Gerasenes, country of the | country of the | which is over 2 Gerasenes. And when | Gadarenes, there met| against Galilee. he was come out of | him two [1]possessed|27 And when he was the boat, | with devils, coming | come forth upon straightway there | forth out of the | the land, there met him out of the | tombs, exceeding | met him a certain tombs a man with an | fierce, so that no | man out of the 3 unclean spirit, who | man could pass by | city, who had had his dwelling in |29 that way. | [2]devils; and for the tombs: and no | | a long time he had man could any more | | worn no clothes, bind him, no, not | | and abode not in with a chain; | | _any_ house, but 4 because that he had | | in the tombs. been often bound | | with fetters and | | chains, and the | | chains had been rent| | asunder by him, and | | the fetters broken | | in pieces: and no | | man had strength to | | 5 tame him. And | | always, night and | | day, in the tombs | | and in the | | mountains, he was | | crying out, and | | cutting himself with| | 6 stones. And when he | |28 And saw Jesus from afar,| | when he saw Jesus, he ran and | | he cried out, and 7 worshipped him; and | And | fell down before crying out with a | behold, they cried | him, and with a loud voice, he | out, saying, What | loud voice said, saith, What have I | have we to do with | What have I to do to do with thee, | thee, thou Son of | with thee, Jesus, Jesus, thou Son of | God? art thou come | thou Son of the the Most High God? I| hither to torment us| Most High God? I adjure thee by God, | before the time? | beseech thee, 8 torment me not. For | | torment me not. he said unto him, | |29 For he commanded Come forth, thou | | the unclean spirit unclean spirit, out | | to come out of the of the man. | | man. For | | [5]oftentimes it | | had seized him: | | and he was kept | | under guard, and | | bound with chains | | and fetters; and | | breaking the bands | | asunder, he was | | driven of the | | [6]devil into the | |30 deserts. And Jesus 9 And he | | asked him, What is asked him, What is | | thy name? And he thy name? And he | | said, Legion; for saith unto him, My | | many [2]devils name is Legion; for | | were entered into 10 we are many. And he | |31 him. And they besought him much | | intreated him that that he would not | | he would not send them away out | | command them to of the country. | | depart into the 11 Now |30 Now |32 abyss. Now there there was there on | there was afar off | was there a herd the mountain side a | from them a herd of | of many swine great herd of swine | many swine feeding. | feeding on the 12 feeding. And they |31 And the [2]devils | mountain: and they besought him, | besought him, | intreated him that saying, Send us into| saying, If thou cast| he would give them the swine, that we | us out, send us away| leave to enter may enter into them.| into the herd of | into them. And he 13 And he gave them |32 swine. And he said | gave them leave. leave. And the | unto them, Go. And |33 And the [2]devils unclean spirits came| they came out, and | came out from the out, and entered | went into the swine:| man, and entered into the swine: and | and behold, the | into the swine: the herd rushed down| whole herd rushed | and the herd the steep into the | down the steep into | rushed down the sea, _in number_ | the sea, and | steep into the about two thousand; | perished in the | lake, and were and they were choked| waters. |34 choked. And when in the sea. | | they that fed them | | saw what had come | | to pass, they |33 And they | fled, and told it 14 And they| that fed them fled, | in the city and in that fed them fled, | and went away into |35 the country. And and told it in the | the city, and told | they went out to city, and in the | everything, and what| see what had come country. And they | was befallen to them| to pass; and they came to see what it | that were | came to Jesus, and was that had come to| [1]possessed with | found the man, 15 pass. And they come |34 devils. And behold, | from whom the to Jesus, and behold| all the city came | [2]devils were [3]him that was | out to meet Jesus: | gone out, sitting, possessed with | | clothed and in his devils sitting, | | right mind, at the clothed and in his | | feet of Jesus: and right mind, _even_ | | they were afraid. him that had the | | legion: and they | | 16 were afraid. And | |36 And they that saw they that saw it | | it told them how declared unto them | | he that was how it befell [3]him| | possessed with that was possessed | | [2]devils was with devils, and | |37 [7]made whole. And concerning the | | all the people of 17 swine. And they | and when they saw | the country of the began to beseech him| him, they besought | [4]Gerasenes round to depart from their| _him_ that he would | about asked him to 18 borders. And as he | depart from their | depart from them; was entering into | borders. | for they were the boat, he that | | holden with great had been possessed with | fear: and he entered into a [2]devils besought him that he |38 boat, and returned. But the man 19 might be with him. And he | from whom the [2]devils were suffered him not, but saith unto| gone out prayed him that he him, Go to thy house unto thy | might be with him: but he sent friends, and tell them how great|39 him away, saying, Return to thy things the Lord hath done for | house, and declare how great thee, and _how_ he had mercy on | things God hath done for thee. 20 thee. And he went his way, and | And he went his way, publishing began to publish in Decapolis | throughout the whole city how how great things Jesus had done | great things Jesus had done for for him: and all men did | him. marvel.[c] |

[Footnote 1: Or, _demoniacs_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _the demoniac_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities read _Gergesenes_; others _Gadarenes_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _of a long time_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _saved_.]

[Footnote a: The long famous instance of "discrepancy" as to the _place_ in this narrative has been cleared up in recent years by the decision of textual critics that the correct text in Luke is Gerasenes, as well as in Mark, and by Dr. Thomson's discovery of a ruin on the lake shore, named Khersa (Gerasa). If this village was included (a very natural supposition) in the district belonging to the city of Gadara, some miles south-eastward, then the locality could be described as either in the country of the Gadarenes, or in the country of the Gerasenes.]

[Footnote b: Matthew mentions two demoniacs, Mark and Luke describe one, who was probably the prominent and leading one.]

[Footnote c: Note in Mark the numerous vivid details and fulness of narrative.]

Sect. 67. THE RETURN AND THE HEALING OF JAIRUS' DAUGHTER AND OF THE WOMAN WHO ONLY TOUCHED CHRIST'S GARMENT

Probably Capernaum

Mark 5:21-43 |Matt. 9:18-26 |Luke 8:40-56 | | 21 And when Jesus had| |40 And as Jesus crossed over again | | returned, the in the boat unto the| | multitude welcomed other side, a great | | him; for they were multitude was | | all waiting for gathered unto him: | | him. and he was by the | | sea. | | 22 And there cometh | | one of the rulers of| | the synagogue, |18 While he spake |41 And behold, there Jairus by name; and | these things unto | came a man named seeing him, he | them,[a] behold, | Jairus, and he was 23 falleth at his feet,| there came [1]a | a ruler of the and beseecheth him | ruler, and | synagogue: and he much, saying, My | worshipped him, | fell down at little daughter is | saying, My daughter | Jesus' feet, and at the point of | is even now dead: | besought him to death: _I pray | but come and lay thy| come into his thee_, that thou | hand upon her, and |42 house; for he had come and lay thy |19 she shall live. And | an only daughter, hands on her, that | Jesus arose, and | about twelve years she may be [2]made | followed him, and | of age, and she 24 whole, and live. And| _so did_ his | lay a dying. But he went with him; | disciples. | as he went the and a great | | multitudes multitude followed | | thronged him. him, and they | | thronged him. | | 25 And a woman, which|21 And |43 And a woman had an issue of | behold, a woman, who| having an issue of blood twelve years, | had an issue of | blood twelve years, 26 and had suffered | blood twelve years, | which [8]had spent many things of many | came behind him, and| all her living physicians, and had | touched the border | upon physicians, spent all that she |22 of his garment: for | and could not be had, and was nothing| she said within | healed of any, bettered, but rather| herself, If I do but|44 came behind him, 27 grew worse, having | touch his garment, I| and touched the heard the things | shall be [2]made | border of his concerning Jesus, | whole. | garment: and came in the crowd | | immediately the behind, and touched | | issue of her blood 28 his garment. For she| | stanched. said, If I touch but| | his garments, I | | shall be [2]made | | 29 whole. And | | straightway the | | fountain of her | | blood was dried up; | | and she felt in her | | body that she was | | healed of her | | 30 [5]plague. And | | straightway Jesus, | | perceiving in | | himself that the | | power _proceeding_ | | from him had gone | | forth, turned him | | about in the crowd, | |45 And and said, Who | | Jesus said, Who is touched my garments?| | it that touched 31 And his disciples | | me? And when all said unto him, Thou | | denied, Peter seest the multitude | | said, [9]and they thronging thee, and | | that were with sayest thou, Who | | him, Master, the 32 touched me? And he | | multitudes press looked round about | | thee and crush to see her that had | |46 _thee_. But Jesus 33 done this thing. But| | said, Some one did the woman fearing | | touch me: for I and trembling, | | perceived that knowing what had | | power had gone been done to her, | |47 forth from me. And came and fell down | | when the woman saw before him, and told| | that she was not him all the truth. | | hid, she came | | trembling, and | | falling down |23 But Jesus | before him 34 And he said unto | turning and seeing | declared in the her, Daughter, thy | her said, Daughter, | presence of all faith hath [3]made | be of good cheer; | the people for thee whole; go in | thy faith hath | what cause she peace, and be whole | [3]made thee whole. | touched him, and of thy [5]plague. | And the woman was | how she was healed | [2]made whole from |48 immediately. And | that hour. | he said unto her, | | Daughter, thy | | faith hath [3]made | | thee whole; go in | | peace. 35 While he yet | |49 While he yet spake, they come | | spake, there from the ruler of | | cometh one from the synagogue's | | the ruler of the _house_, saying, Thy| | synagogue's daughter is dead: | | _house_, saying, why troublest thou | | Thy daughter is the [6]Master any | | dead; trouble not 36 further? But Jesus, | |50 the [6]Master. But [7]not heeding the | | Jesus hearing it, word spoken, saith | | answered him, Fear unto the ruler of | | not: only believe, the synagogue, Fear | | and she shall be not, only believe. | |51 [2]made whole. And 37 And he suffered no | | when he came to man to follow with | | the house, he him, save Peter, and| | suffered not any James, and John the | | man to enter in brother of James. | | with him, save 38 And they come to the|24 And when | Peter, and John, house of the ruler | Jesus came into the | and James, and the of the synagogue; | ruler's house, and | father of the and he beholdeth a | saw the | maiden and her tumult, and _many_ | flute-players, and |52 mother. And all weeping and wailing | the crowd making a | were weeping, and 39 greatly. And when he|25 tumult, he said, | bewailing her: but was entered in, he | Give place: for the | he said, Weep not; saith unto them, Why| damsel is not dead, | for she is not make ye a tumult, | but sleepeth. And | dead, but and weep? the child | they laughed him to |53 sleepeth. And they is not dead, but | scorn. But when the | laughed him to 40 sleepeth. And they | | scorn, knowing laughed him to | | that she was dead. scorn. But he, |26 But when the | having put them all | crowd was put forth,| forth, taketh the | | father of the child | | and her mother and | | them that were with | | him, and goeth in | | where the child was.| he entered in, and | 41 And taking the child| took her by the |54 But he, taking her by the hand, he | hand; | by the hand, saith unto her, | | Talitha cumi; which | | is, being | | called, saying, interpreted, Damsel,| |55 Maiden, arise. And I say unto thee, | | her spirit 42 Arise. And | | returned, and she straightway the | and the damsel| rose up damsel rose up, and | arose. | immediately: and walked; for she was | | twelve years old. | | And they were amazed| | straightway with a | | he commanded that 43 great amazement. And|27 And [4]the | _something_ be he charged them much| fame hereof went | given her to eat. that no man should | forth into all that |56 And her parents know this: and he | land. | were amazed: but he commanded that | | charged them to _something_ should | | tell no man what be given her to eat.| | had been done.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _one ruler_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _saved_.]

[Footnote 3: Or _saved thee_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _this fame_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _scourge_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _overhearing_.]

[Footnote 8: Some ancient authorities omit _had spent all her living upon physicians, and_.]

[Footnote 9: Some ancient authorities omit _and they that were with him_.]

[Footnote a: Broadus felt that the language in Matt. 9:18 compelled him to place 9:18 after 9:17. I do not think so, for "while he spake" may be merely an introductory phrase for a new paragraph. It is best to follow Mark's order, as Luke does, for Matthew is not chronological in this part of his Gospel.]

Sect. 68. HE HEALS TWO BLIND MEN, AND A DUMB DEMONIAC. A BLASPHEMOUS ACCUSATION

Matt. 9:27-34

27 And as Jesus passed by from thence, two blind men followed him, 28 crying out, and saying, Have mercy on us, thou son of David. And when he was come into the house, the blind men came to him: and Jesus saith unto them, Believe ye that I am able to do this? They 29 say unto him, Yea, Lord. Then touched he their eyes, saying, 30 According to your faith be it done unto you. And their eyes were opened. And Jesus [1]strictly charged them, saying, See that no 31 man know it. But they went forth, and spread abroad his fame in all that land. 32 And as they went forth, behold, there was brought to him a dumb 33 man possessed with a [2]devil. And when the [2]devil was cast out, the dumb man spake: and the multitudes marvelled, saying, It was 34 never so seen in Israel. But the Pharisees said, [3]By the prince of the [4]devils casteth he out [4]devils.

[Footnote 1: Or, _sternly_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _In_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _demons_.]

Sect. 69. THE LAST[a] VISIT TO NAZARETH

Mark 6:1-6 |Matt. 13:54-58 | 1 And he went out from thence; | and he cometh into his own | country; and his disciples | 2 follow him. And when the | sabbath was come, he began to |54 And coming into his own teach in the synagogue: and | country he taught them in their [3]many hearing him were | synagogue, insomuch that they astonished, saying, Whence hath| were astonished, and said, this man these things? and, | Whence hath this man this What is the wisdom that is | wisdom, and these [1]mighty given unto this man, and _what |55 works? Is not this the mean_ such [1]mighty works | carpenter's son? is not his 3 wrought by his hands? Is not | mother called Mary? and his this the carpenter, the son of | brethren, James, and Joseph, Mary, and brother of James, and|56 and Simon, and Judas? And his Joses, and Judas, and Simon? | sisters, are they not all with and are not his sisters here | us? Whence then hath this man with us? And they were |57 all these things? And they were 4 [2]offended in him. And Jesus | [2]offended in him. But Jesus said unto them, A prophet is | said unto them, A prophet is not without honour, save in his| not without honour, save in his own country, and among his own | own country, and in his own 5 kin, and in his own house. And |58 house. And he did not many he could there do no [4]mighty | [1]mighty works there because work, save that he laid his | of their unbelief. hands upon a few sick folk, and| 6 healed them. And he marvelled | because of their unbelief. |

[Footnote 1: Gr. _powers_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _caused to stumble_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities insert _the_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _power_.]

[Footnote a: There is no sufficient occasion to identify this visit to Nazareth with that described by Luke. That was at the very beginning of the great ministry in Galilee, and this is near its close. The details are quite different. It is perfectly natural that after a long interval he should give the Nazarenes another opportunity to hear his teaching, and to witness miracles, which he would not work for them when demanded, but now voluntarily works in a few cases, so far as their now _wonderful_ unbelief left it appropriate.]

_In Sections 70 to 71 we have the Third Tour of Galilee (Jesus following the Twelve) and the effect on Herod Antipas._

Sect. 70. THE THIRD TOUR OF GALILEE AFTER INSTRUCTING THE TWELVE AND SENDING THEM FORTH BY TWOS

Mark 6:6-13 |Matt. 9:35 to 11:1 | 6 And he went round |35 And Jesus went about all the cities and about the villages | the villages,[a] teaching in their teaching. | synagogues, and preaching the gospel of | the kingdom, and healing all manner of 36 disease and all manner of sickness. But when he saw the multitudes, he was moved with compassion for them, because they were distressed and scattered, as sheep not having a shepherd 37 [_see Num. 27:17; Ezek. 34:5_]. Then saith he unto his disciples, 38 The harvest truly is plenteous, but the labourers are few. Pray ye | therefore the Lord | | of the harvest, that| | he send forth | | labourers into his |Luke 9:1-6 | harvest. | 7 And he called unto| 1 And he called unto| 1 And he called the him the twelve, and | him his twelve | twelve together, began to send them | disciples, and gave | and gave them forth by two and | them authority over | power and two; and he gave | unclean spirits, to | authority over all them authority over | cast them out, and | [3]devils, and to the unclean spirits;| to heal all manner | 2 cure diseases. And 8 and he charged them | of disease and all | he sent them forth | manner of sickness. | to preach the | | kingdom of God, 2 Now the names of the twelve apostles are | and to heal these: The first, Simon, who is called | 3 [19]the sick. And Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the | he said unto them, 3 _son_ of Zebedee, and John his brother; | Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew| the publican; James the _son_ of Alphaeus, | 4 and Thaddaeus; Simon the [1]Cananaean, and | Judas Iscariot, who also [2]betrayed him. | 5 These twelve Jesus sent forth, and charged | them, saying, Go not into _any_ way of the | Gentiles, and enter not into any city of the| 6 Samaritans: but go rather to the lost sheep | 7 of the house of Israel. And as ye go, | preach, saying, The kingdom of heaven is at | | 8 hand. Heal the sick,| | raise the dead, | | cleanse the lepers, | that they should | cast out [3]devils: | take nothing for | freely ye received, | Take nothing for _their_ journey, | 9 freely give. Get you| your journey, save a staff only; | no gold, nor silver,| neither staff, nor no bread, no wallet,| nor brass in your | wallet, nor bread, no [17]money in |10 [4]purses; no wallet| nor money; neither 9 their [18]purse; but| for _your_ journey, | have two coats. _to go_ shod with | neither two coats, | sandals: and, _said | nor shoes, nor | he_, put not on two | staff: for the | coats. | labourer is worthy | | of his food. And | 10 And he said |11 into whatsoever city| 4 And into whatsoever unto them, | or village ye shall | house ye enter, Wheresoever ye enter| enter, search out | there abide, and into a house, there | who in it is worthy;| 5 thence depart. And abide till ye depart| and there abide till| 11 thence. And |12 ye go forth. And as | whatsoever place | ye enter into the | | house, salute it. | |13 And if the house be | | worthy, let your | | peace come upon it: | | but if it be not | | worthy, let your | | peace return to you.| shall not receive |14 And whosoever shall | as many as receive you, and they hear | not receive you, nor| you not, when ye you not, as ye go | hear your words, as | depart from that forth thence, shake | ye go forth out of | city, shake off off the dust that is| that house or that | the dust from your under your feet for | city, shake off the | feet for a a testimony unto | dust of your feet. | testimony against them. |15 Verily I say unto | them. | you, It shall be | | more tolerable for | | the land of Sodom | | and Gomorrah in the | | day of judgement, | | than for that city. | 16 Behold, I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves: be ye 17 therefore wise as serpents, and [5]harmless as doves. But beware of men: for they will deliver you up to councils, and in their 18 synagogues they will scourge you; yea and before governors and kings shall ye be brought for my sake, for a testimony to them and 19 to the Gentiles. But when they deliver you up, be not anxious how or what ye shall speak: for it shall be given you in that hour 20 what ye shall speak. For it is not ye that speak, but the Spirit 21 of your Father that speaketh in you. And brother shall deliver up brother to death, and the father his child: and children shall 22 rise up against parents, and [6]cause them to be put to death. And ye shall be hated of all men for my name's sake: but he that 23 endureth to the end, the same shall be saved. But when they persecute you in this city, flee into the next: for verily I say unto you, Ye shall not have gone through the cities of Israel, till the Son of man be come. 24 A disciple is not above his [7]master, nor a [8]servant above his 25 lord. It is enough for the disciple that he be as his [7]master, and the [8]servant as his lord. If they have called the master of the house [9]Beelzebub, how much more _shall they call_ them of 26 his household! Fear them not therefore: for there is nothing covered, that shall not be revealed; and hid, that shall not be 27 known. What I tell you in the darkness, speak ye in the light: and 28 what ye hear in the ear, proclaim upon the housetops. And be not afraid of them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and 29 body in [10]hell. Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and 30 not one of them shall fall on the ground without your Father: but 31 the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not therefore; 32 ye are of more value than many sparrows. Every one therefore who shall confess [11]me before men, [12]him will I also confess 33 before my Father which is in heaven. But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven. 34 Think not that I came to [13]send peace on the earth: I came not 35 to [13]send peace, but a sword. For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, 36 and the daughter in law against her mother in law: and a man's 37 foes _shall be_ they of his own household [_see Micah 7:6_]. He that loveth father or mother more than me is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me is not worthy of me. 38 And he that doth not take his cross and follow after me, is not 39 worthy of me. He that [14]findeth his [15]life shall lose it; and he that [16]loseth his [15]life for my sake shall find it [_see John 12:25_]. 40 He that receiveth you receiveth me, and he that receiveth me 41 receiveth him that sent me [_see John 13:20_]. He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous 42 man shall receive a righteous man's reward. And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones a cup of cold water only, in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward. | | 12 And they went out,| 1 And it came to | 6 And they and preached that | pass, when Jesus had| departed, and went _men_ should repent.| made an end of | throughout the And they cast out | commanding his | villages, many [3]devils, and | twelve disciples, he| preaching the anointed with oil | departed thence to | gospel, and healing many that were sick,| teach and preach in | everywhere. and healed them. | their cities. |

[Footnote 1: Or, _Zealot_. See Luke 6:15; Acts 1:13.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _delivered him up_: and so always.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _girdles_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _simple_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _put them to death_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _teacher_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _Beelzebul_: and so elsewhere.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _Gehenna_.]

[Footnote 11: Gr. _in me_.]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _in him_.]

[Footnote 13: Gr. _cast_.]

[Footnote 14: Or, _found_.]

[Footnote 15: Or, _soul_.]

[Footnote 16: Or, _lost_.]

[Footnote 17: Gr. _brass_.]

[Footnote 18: Gr. _girdle_.]

[Footnote 19: Some ancient authorities omit _the sick_.]

[Footnote a: This is certainly a _second_, and probably a _third_ journey about Galilee. Dwell on Matt. 9:35 and 11:1 (end of this section), and try to realize the extent of the Saviour's work in teaching and healing. He "crowded into three short years actions and labours of love that might have adorned a century." (Ro. Hall.)]

Sect. 71. THE GUILTY FEARS OF HEROD ANTIPAS IN TIBERIAS ABOUT JESUS BECAUSE HE HAD BEHEADED THE BAPTIST IN MACHAERUS

Mark 6:14-29 |Matt. 14:1-12 |Luke 9:7-9 | | 14 And king Herod | 1 At that season | 7 Now Herod the heard[a] _thereof_; | Herod the tetrarch | tetrarch heard of for his name had | heard the report | all that was done: become known: and | concerning Jesus, | and he was much [1]he said, John | 2 and said unto his | perplexed, because [2]the Baptist is | servants, This is | that it was said risen from the dead,| John the Baptist; he| by some, that John and therefore do | is risen from the | was risen from the these powers work in| dead; and therefore | 8 dead; and by some, 15 him. But others | do these powers work| that Elijah had said, It is Elijah. | in him. | appeared; and by And others said, _It| | others, that one is_ a prophet, | | of the old prophets _even_ as one of the| | was risen again. 16 prophets. But Herod,| | 9 And Herod said, when he heard | | John I beheaded: _thereof_, said, | | but who is this, John, whom I | | about whom I hear beheaded, he is | | such things? And he 17 risen. For Herod | | sought to see him. himself had sent | 3 For Herod had laid | forth and laid hold | hold on John, and | upon John, and bound| bound him, and put | him in prison for | him in prison for | the sake of | the sake of | Herodias, his | Herodias, his | brother Philip's | brother Philip's | wife: for he had | wife. | 18 married her. For | | John said unto | 4 For John said | Herod,[b] It is not | unto him, It is not | lawful for thee to | lawful for thee to | have thy brother's | 5 have her. And when | wife [_see Lev. | he would have put | 19 18:16; 20:21_]. And | him to death, he | Herodias set herself| feared the | against him, and | multitude, because | desired to kill him;| they counted him as | and she could not; | a prophet. | 20 for Herod feared | | John, knowing that | | he was a righteous | | man and a holy, and | | kept him safe. And | | when he heard him, | | he [3]was much | | perplexed; and he | | heard him gladly. | | 21 And when a | | convenient day was | | come, that Herod on | | his birthday made a | | supper to his lords,| | and the [4]high | | captains, and the | | chief men of | | 22 Galilee; and when | 6 But when Herod's | [5]the daughter of | birthday came, the | Herodias herself | daughter of Herodias| came in and danced, | danced in the midst,| [6]she pleased Herod| and pleased Herod. | and them that sat at| | meat with him; and | | the king said unto | | the damsel, Ask of | | me whatsoever thou | 7 Whereupon he | wilt, and I will | promised with an | 23 give it thee. And he| oath to give her | sware unto her, | whatsoever she | Whatsoever thou | 8 should ask. And she,| shalt ask of me, I | being put forward by| will give it thee, | her mother, saith, | unto the half of my | | 24 kingdom. And she | | went out, and said | | unto her mother, | | What shall I ask? | | And she said, The | | head of John [2]the | | 25 Baptist. And she | | came in straightway | | with haste unto the | | king, and asked, | | saying, I will that | | thou forthwith give | | me in a charger the | Give me here in a | head of John [2]the | 9 charger the head of | 26 Baptist. And the | John the Baptist. | king was exceeding | And the king was | sorry; but for the | grieved; but for the| sake of his oaths, | sake of his oaths, | and of them that sat| and of them which | at meat, he would | sat at meat with | 27 not reject her. And | him, he commanded it| straightway the king|10 to be given; and he | sent forth a soldier| sent, and beheaded | of his guard, and | John in the prison. | commanded to bring |11 And his head was | his head: and he | brought in a | went and beheaded | charger, and given | him in the prison, | to the damsel: and | 28 and brought his head| she brought it to | in a charger, and | | gave it to the | | damsel; and the | | damsel gave it to | | her mother. And when|12 her mother. And his | his disciples heard | disciples came, and | _thereof_, they came| took up the corpse, | and took up his | and buried him; and | corpse, and laid it | they went and told | in a tomb. | Jesus. |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _they_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _the Baptizer_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _did many things_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _military tribunes_. Gr. _chiliarchs_.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities read _his daughter Herodias_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote a: Mark's connection shows that Herod Antipas was impressed by the account of miracles which the disciples had wrought, as well as by those of Jesus himself.]

[Footnote b: Josephus (_Antiquities_, Book XVIII, v., 2) says of John that Herod "thought it best, by putting him to death, to prevent any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties, by sparing a man who might make him repent of it when it should be too late." Josephus in no wise controverts the picture in Mark where Herodias appears as the one who prods Antipas to put John out of the way to satisfy her resentment against him for his rebuke of her adulterous marriage. Josephus merely presents the public and political aspects of the imprisonment and death of John.]

## PART VIII

THE SPECIAL TRAINING OF THE TWELVE IN DISTRICTS AROUND GALILEE

Probably Passover in A.D. 29[a] to near Tabernacles in A.D. 29 or a year earlier (six months from spring to autumn). Just a year from the beginning of this Period till the Crucifixion. Emphasis now on the King of the Kingdom (the Person of the Messiah).

_Sects. 72-95. Four separate withdrawals[b] from Galilee are given, in Sects. 72, 78, 79, 81. Notice that in every case he keeps out of Herod's territory, and in every case he goes to the mountains._

[Footnote a: If the ministry of Jesus was three and a half years in length. If there were only three passovers in the ministry, then the year would be A.D. 28. This period begins just before a passover (John 6:4).]

[Footnote b: There are five reasons for the withdrawals from Galilee. He withdraws from the jealousy of Herod Antipas (Sect. 71), from the fanaticism of would-be followers in Galilee (John 6:15), and the hostility of the Jewish rulers; and leaving the hot shores of the Lake of Galilee, he spent the summer in mountain districts around, resting, and _instructing the Twelve_.]

Sect. 72. THE FIRST RETIREMENT. THE TWELVE RETURN, AND JESUS RETIRES WITH THEM BEYOND THE LAKE TO REST. FEEDING OF THE FIVE THOUSAND

Mark 6:30-44 |Matt. 14:13-21 |Luke 9:10-17 |John 6:1-13 | | | 30 And the | |10 And the | apostles | | apostles, when| gather | | they were | themselves | | returned, | together unto | | declared unto | Jesus; and | | him what | they told him | | things they | all things, | | had done. | whatsoever | | | they had done,| | | and whatsoever| | | they had | | | 31 taught. And he| | | saith unto | | | them, Come ye | | | yourselves | | | apart into a | | | desert place, | | | and rest a | | | while. For | | | there were | | | many coming | | | 1 After these and going, and| | | things Jesus they had no |13 Now when | | went away to leisure so | Jesus heard | And he took | the other much as to | _it_, he | them, and | side of the 32 eat. And they | withdrew from| withdrew apart| sea of went away in | thence in a | to a city | Galilee, the boat to a | boat, to a | called | which is _the desert place | desert place | Bethsaida.[a] | sea_ of 33 apart. And | apart: and | | 2 Tiberias. And _the people_ | when the |11 But the | a great saw them | multitudes | multitudes | multitude going, and | heard | perceiving it | followed him, many knew | _thereof_, | followed him: | because they _them_, and | they followed| and he | beheld the they ran there| him [1]on | welcomed them,| signs which together [1]on| foot from the| and spake to | he did on foot from all |14 cities. And | them of the | them that the cities, | he came | kingdom of | were sick. and outwent | forth, and | God, and them | 3 And Jesus 34 them. And he | saw a great | that had need | went up into came forth and| multitude, | of healing he | the saw a great | and he had | healed. | mountain, multitude, and| compassion on| | and there he he had | them, and | | sat with his compassion on | healed their | | disciples. them, because | sick. | | they were as | | | sheep not | | | having a | | | shepherd: and | | | he began to | | | teach them |15 And |12 And | 4 Now the many things. | when even was| the day began | passover, the 35 And when the | come, the | to wear away; | feast of the day was now | disciples | and the twelve| Jews was at far spent, his| came to him, | came, and said| 5 hand. Jesus disciples came| saying, The | unto him, Send| therefore unto him, and | place is | the multitude | lifting up said, The | desert, and | away, that | his eyes, and place is | the time is | they may go | seeing that a desert, and | already past;| into the | great the day is now| send the | villages and | multitude far spent: | multitudes | country round | cometh unto 36 send them | away, that | about, and | him, saith away, that | they may go | lodge, and get| unto Philip, they may go | into the | victuals: for | Whence are we into the | villages, and| we are here in| to buy country and | buy | a desert | [4]bread, that villages round| themselves | place. | these may eat? about, and buy| food. | | themselves | | | somewhat to | | | 37 eat. But he |16 But | | 6 And answered and | Jesus said |13 But he | this he said said unto | unto them, | said unto | to prove him: them, Give ye | They have no | them, Give ye | for he them to eat. | need to go | them to eat. | himself knew And they say | away; give ye| | what he would unto him, | them to eat. | | 7 do. Philip Shall we go | | | answered him, and buy two | | | Two hundred hundred | | | [3]pennyworth [3]pennyworth | | | of [4]bread of bread, and | | | is not give them to | | | sufficient 38 eat? And he | | | for them, saith unto | | | that every them, | | | one may take | | | 8 a little. One How many |17 And they say | And they said,| of his loaves have | unto him, We | We have no | disciples, ye? go _and_ | have here but| more than five| Andrew, Simon see. And when | five loaves, | loaves and two| Peter's they knew, | and two | fishes; except| brother, they say, |18 fishes. And | we should go | saith unto Five, and two | he said, | and buy food | 9 him, There is 39 fishes. And he| Bring them | for all this | a lad here, commanded them| hither to me.|14 people. For | which hath that all |19 And he | they were | five barley should [2]sit | commanded the| about five | loaves, and down by | multitudes to| thousand men. | two fishes: companies upon| [2]sit down | And he said | but what are the green | on the grass;| unto his | these among 40 grass. And | | disciples, | so many? they sat down | | Make them |10 Jesus said, in ranks, by | | [2]sit down in| Make the hundreds, and | | companies, | people sit by fifties. | | about fifty | down. | |15 each. And they| Now | | did so, and | there was | | made them all | much grass in | | [2]sit down. | the place. So 41 And he took | and he took |16 And he took | the men sat the five | the five | the five | down, in loaves and the| loaves, and | loaves and the| number about two fishes, | the two | two fishes, | five and looking up| fishes, and | and looking up| thousand. to heaven, he | looking up to| to heaven, he |11 Jesus blessed, and | heaven, he | blessed them, | therefore brake the | blessed, and | and brake; and| took the loaves; and he| brake and | gave to the | loaves; and gave to the | gave the | disciples to | having given disciples to | loaves to the| set before the| thanks, set before | disciples, | multitude. | distributed them; and the | and the | | to them that two fishes | disciples to | | were set divided he | the | | down; among them | multitudes. |17 And | likewise also 42 all. And they |20 And they did | they did eat, | of the fishes did all eat, | all eat, and | and were all | as much as and were | were filled: | filled: and | they would. 43 filled. And | and they took| there was |12 And when they they took up | up that which| taken up that | were filled, broken pieces,| remained over| which remained| he saith unto twelve | of the broken| over to them | his basketfuls, | pieces, | of broken | disciples, and also of | twelve | pieces, twelve| Gather up the the fishes. | baskets full.| baskets. | broken pieces 44 And they that |21 And they that| | which remain ate the loaves| did eat were | | over, that were five | about five | | nothing be thousand men. | thousand men,| |13 lost. So they | beside women | | gathered them | and children.| | up, and | | | filled twelve | | | baskets with | | | broken pieces | | | from the five | | | barley | | | loaves, which | | | remained over | | | unto them | | | that had | | | eaten.[b]

[Footnote 1: Or, _by land_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _recline_.]

[Footnote 3: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote a: The Bethsaida of Luke 9:10 was evidently the eastern Bethsaida, which the Tetrarch Philip had named Bethsaida Julias, while that of Mark 6:45 was the western Bethsaida, near Capernaum. The territory belonging to Bethsaida Julias would naturally extend some distance down the lake.]

[Footnote b: Note that here for the first time John runs parallel with all the synoptic gospels. All four report this incident. See Passion Week.]

Sect. 73. THE PREVENTION OF THE REVOLUTIONARY PURPOSE TO PROCLAIM JESUS KING (A POLITICAL MESSIAH)

Mark 6:45-46 |Matt. 14:22-23 |John 6:14-15 | | 45 And straightway he|22 And straightway he|14 When therefore constrained his | constrained the | the people saw the disciples to enter | disciples to enter | [1]sign which he into the boat, and | into the boat, and | did, they said, to go before _him_ | to go before him | This is of a truth unto the other side | unto the other side,| the prophet that to Bethsaida, while | till he should send | cometh into the he himself sendeth | the multitudes away.| world [_see Deut. the multitude away. |23 And after he had | 18:15_]. 46 And after he had | sent the multitudes |15 Jesus therefore taken leave of them,| away, he went up | perceiving that he departed into the| into the mountain | they were about to mountain to pray. | apart to pray: and | come and take him | when even was come, | by force, to make | he was there alone. | him king, withdrew | | again into the | | mountain himself | | alone.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _signs_.]

Sect. 74. THE PERIL TO THE TWELVE IN THE STORM AT SEA AND CHRIST'S COMING TO THEM ON THE WATER IN THE DARKNESS

Mark 6:47-52 |Matt. 14:24-33 |John 6:16-21 | | 47 And when even was |24 But the boat [1]was |16 And when evening come, the boat was | now in the midst of | came, his in the midst of the | the sea, distressed | disciples went sea, and he alone on| by the waves; for | down unto the sea; 48 the land. And seeing| the wind was |17 and they entered them distressed in | contrary. | into a boat, and rowing, for the wind| | were going over was contrary unto | | the sea unto them, about the |25 And in the| Capernaum. And it fourth watch of the | fourth watch of the | was now dark, and night he cometh unto| night he came unto | Jesus had not yet them, walking on the| them, walking upon |18 come to them. And sea; and he would | the sea. | the sea was rising have passed by them:| | by reason of a 49 but they, when they |26 And when | great wind that saw him walking on | the disciples saw |19 blew. When the sea, supposed | him walking on the | therefore they had that it was an | sea, they were | rowed about five apparition, and | troubled, saying, It| and twenty or 50 cried out: for they | is an apparition; | thirty furlongs, all saw him, and | and they cried out | they behold Jesus were troubled. | for fear. | walking on the | | sea, and drawing But |27 But | nigh unto the he straightway spake| straightway Jesus | boat: and they with them, and saith| spake unto them, |20 were afraid. But unto them, Be of | saying, Be of good | he saith unto good cheer: it is I;| cheer; it is I; be | them, It is I; be 51 be not afraid. |28 not afraid. And | not afraid. | Peter answered him | | and said, Lord, if | | it be thou, bid me | | come unto thee upon | |29 the waters. And he | | said, Come. And | | Peter went down from| | the boat, and walked| | upon the waters, | | [2]to come to Jesus.| |30 But when he saw the | | [3]wind, he was | | afraid; and | | beginning to sink, | | he cried out, | | saying, Lord, save | |31 me. And immediately | | Jesus stretched | | forth his hand, and | | took hold of him, | | and saith unto him, | | O thou of little | | faith, wherefore | And | didst thou doubt? | he went up unto them|32 And when they were |21 They into the boat; and | gone up into the | were willing the wind ceased: and| boat, the wind | therefore to they were sore |33 ceased. And they | receive him into amazed in | that were in the | the boat: and 52 themselves; for they| boat worshipped him,| straightway the understood not | saying, Of a truth | boat was at the concerning the | thou art the Son of | land whither they loaves, but their | God. | were going. heart was hardened. | |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _was many furlongs distant from the land_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _and came_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities add _strong_.]

Sect. 75. THE RECEPTION AT GENNESARET

Mark 6:53-56 |Matt. 14:34-36 | 53 And when they had [1]crossed |34 And when they had crossed over, they came to the land | over, they came to the land, unto Gennesaret, and moored to | unto Gennesaret. 54 the shore. And when they were | come out of the boat, | straightway _the people_ knew | 55 him, and ran about that whole | region, and began to carry | about on their beds those that | were sick, where they heard he | 56 was. And wheresoever[a] he |35 And when the men of entered, into villages, or into| that place knew him, they sent cities, or into the country, | unto all that region round they laid the sick in the | about, and brought unto him all marketplaces, and besought him |36 that were sick; and they that they might touch if it | besought him that they might were but the border of his | only touch the border of his garment: and as many as touched| garment: and as many as touched [2]him were made whole. | were made whole.

[Footnote 1: Or, _crossed over to the land, they came unto Gennesaret_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote a: This general characterization applies to the Galilean work as a whole in Part VII rather than to the precise time at this juncture. But one must allow his imagination to enlarge upon the scope of Christ's work.]

Sect. 76. THE COLLAPSE OF THE GALILEAN CAMPAIGN BECAUSE JESUS WILL NOT CONFORM TO POPULAR MESSIANIC EXPECTATIONS

_The next day in the Synagogue in Capernaum. The same crowd that had eaten the Loaves and the Fishes leave Christ in disgust on learning that He is the Bread of Life and not a Political Messiah._

John 6:22-71

22 On the morrow the multitude which stood on the other side of the sea saw that there was none other [1]boat there, save one, and that Jesus entered not with his disciples into the boat, but 23 _that_ his disciples went away alone (howbeit there came [2]boats from Tiberias nigh unto the place where they ate the bread after 24 the Lord had given thanks): when the multitude therefore saw that Jesus was not there, neither his disciples, they themselves got 25 into the [2]boats, and came to Capernaum, seeking Jesus. And when they found him on the other side of the sea, they said unto him, 26 Rabbi, when camest thou hither? Jesus answered them and said, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Ye seek me, not because ye saw 27 signs, but because ye ate of the loaves, and were filled. Work not for the meat which perisheth, but for the meat which abideth unto eternal life, which the Son of man shall give unto you: for him 28 the Father, _even_ God, hath sealed. They said therefore unto him, 29 What must we do, that we may work the works of God? Jesus answered and said unto them, This is the work of God, that ye believe on 30 him whom [3]he hath sent. They said therefore unto him, What then doest thou for a sign, that we may see, and believe thee? what 31 workest thou? Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness; as it is written, He gave them bread out of heaven to eat [_see Ex. 32 16:4, 15; Ps. 78:24; Neh. 9:15_]. Jesus therefore said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, It was not Moses that gave you the bread out of heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread out 33 of heaven. For the bread of God is that which cometh down out of 34 heaven, and giveth life unto the world. They said therefore unto 35 him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall not hunger, and he 36 that believeth on me shall never thirst. But I said unto you, that 37 ye have seen me, and yet believe not. All that which the Father giveth me shall come unto me; and him that cometh to me I will in 38 no wise cast out. For I am come down from heaven, not to do mine 39 own will, but the will of him that sent me. And this is the will of him that sent me, that of all that which he hath given me I 40 should lose nothing, but should raise it up at the last day. For this is the will of my Father, that every one that beholdeth the Son, and believeth on him, should have eternal life; and [4]I will raise him up at the last day. 41 The Jews therefore murmured concerning him, because he said, I am 42 the bread which came down out of heaven. And they said, Is not this Jesus, the son of Joseph, whose father and mother we know? 43 how doth he now say, I am come down out of heaven? Jesus answered 44 and said unto them, Murmur not among yourselves. No man can come to me, except the Father which sent me draw him: and I will raise 45 him up in the last day. It is written in the prophets [_see Isa. 54:13_], And they shall all be taught of God. Every one that hath 46 heard from the Father, and hath learned, cometh unto me. Not that any man hath seen the Father, save he which is from God, he hath 47 seen the Father. Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth 48 hath eternal life. I am the bread of life. Your fathers did eat 49 the manna in the wilderness, and they died. This is the bread 50 which cometh down out of heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and 51 not die. I am the living bread which came down out of heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: yea and the bread which I will give is my flesh, for the life of the world. 52 The Jews therefore strove one with another, saying, How can this 53 man give us his flesh to eat? Jesus therefore said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son 54 of man and drink his blood, ye have not life in yourselves. He that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood hath eternal life; and 55 I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is [5]meat 56 indeed, and my blood is [6]drink indeed. He that eateth my flesh 57 and drinketh my blood abideth in me, and I in him. As the living Father sent me, and I live because of the Father; so he that 58 eateth me, he also shall live because of me. This is the bread which came down out of heaven: not as the fathers did eat, and 59 died: he that eateth this bread shall live for ever. These things said he in [7]the synagogue, as he taught in Capernaum. 60 Many therefore of his disciples, when they heard _this_, said, 61 This is a hard saying; who can hear [8]it? But Jesus knowing in himself that his disciples murmured at this, said unto them, Doth 62 this cause you to stumble? _What_ then if ye should behold the Son 63 of man ascending where he was before? It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I have 64 spoken unto you are spirit, and are life. But there are some of you that believe not. For Jesus knew from the beginning who they 65 were that believed not, and who it was that should betray him. And he said, For this cause have I said unto you, that no man can come unto me, except it be given unto him of the Father. 66 Upon this many of his disciples went back, and walked no more 67 with him. Jesus said therefore unto the twelve, Would ye also go 68 away? Simon Peter answered him, Lord, to whom shall we go? thou 69 [9]hast the words of eternal life. And we have believed and know 70 that thou art the Holy One of God. Jesus answered them, Did not I 71 choose you the twelve, and one of you is a devil? Now he spake of Judas _the son_ of Simon Iscariot, for he it was that should betray him, _being_ one of the twelve.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _little boat_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _little boats_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _he sent_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _that I should raise him up_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _true meat_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _true drink_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _a synagogue_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _him_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _hast words_.]

Sect. 77. PHARISEES FROM JERUSALEM REPROACH JESUS FOR ALLOWING HIS DISCIPLES TO DISREGARD THEIR TRADITIONS ABOUT CEREMONIAL DEFILEMENT OF THE HANDS. A PUZZLING PARABLE IN REPLY

Probably in Capernaum

Mark 7:1-23 |Matt. 15:1-20 |John 7:1 | | 1 And there are gathered | 1 Then there | 1 And after together unto him the | come to Jesus| these things Pharisees, and certain of the | from | Jesus walked scribes, which had come from | Jerusalem | in Galilee: 2 Jerusalem, and had seen that | Pharisees and| for he would some of his disciples ate their| scribes, | not walk in bread with [6]defiled, that is,| saying, | Judea, because 3 unwashen, hands. For the | | the Jews Pharisees, and all the Jews, | | sought to kill except they wash their hands | | him. [7]diligently, eat not, holding| | the tradition of the elders: | | 4 and _when they come_ from the | | marketplace, except they | | [8]wash themselves, they eat | | not: and many other things | | there be, which they have | | received to hold, [9]washings | | 5 of cups, and pots, and brasen | | vessels.[10] And the Pharisees | | and the scribes ask him, Why | 2 Why do thy disciples transgress walk not thy disciples | the tradition of the elders? for according to the tradition of | they wash not their hands when the elders, but eat their bread| 3 they eat bread. And he answered 6 with [6]defiled hands? And he | 7 and said unto them, Ye said unto them, Well did Isaiah| hypocrites, well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as | prophesy of you, saying [_see it is written, | Isa. 29:13_], This people honoureth me with| 8 This people honoureth me with their lips, | their lips; But their heart is far from | But their heart is far from me. | me. 7 But in vain do they worship | 9 But in vain do they worship me, | me, Teaching _as their_ doctrines| Teaching _as their_ doctrines the precepts of men. | the precepts of men. 8 Ye leave the commandment of | 3 Why do ye also transgress the God, and hold fast the | commandment of God because of 9 tradition of men. And he said | your tradition? unto them, Full well do ye | reject the commandment of God, | that ye may keep your | 10 tradition. For Moses [_see Ex. | 20:12; Deut. 5:16_] said, | 4 For God said, Honour thy father and thy | Honour thy father and thy mother; and, He that speaketh | mother: and, He that speaketh evil of father or mother, let | evil of father or mother, let 11 him [1]die the death: but ye | 5 him [1]die the death. But ye say, If a man shall say to his | say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, That | father or his mother, That wherewith thou mightest have | wherewith thou mightest have been profited by me is Corban, | been profited by me is given that is to say, Given _to God_ | _to God_; he shall not honour [_see Ex. 21:17; Lev. 20:9_]; | 6 his father[2]. And ye have made 12 ye no longer suffer him to do | aught for his father or his | 13 mother; making void the word of| void the [3]word of God because God by your tradition, which ye| of your tradition. have delivered: and many such | 14 like things ye do. And he |10 And he called to him the multitude | called to him the multitude, again, and said unto them, Hear| and said unto them, Hear, and me all of you, and understand: |11 understand: Not that which 15 there is nothing from without | the man, that going into him | entereth into the mouth can defile him: but the things | defileth the man; but that which proceed out of the man | which proceedeth out of the are those that defile the | mouth, this defileth the man. 17 man.[11] And when he was | entered into the house from the| multitude, his disciples asked | of him the parable. |12 Then came the disciples, and | said unto him, Knowest thou | that the Pharisees were | [4]offended, when they heard |13 this saying? But he answered | and said, Every [5]plant which | my heavenly Father planted not, |14 shall be rooted up. Let them | alone: they are blind guides. | And if the blind guide the | blind, both shall fall into a |15 pit. And Peter answered and 18 And he | said unto him, Declare unto us saith unto them, Are ye so |16 the parable. And he said, Are without understanding also? | ye also even yet without Perceive ye not, that |17 understanding? Perceive ye not, whatsoever from without goeth | that whatsoever goeth into the into the man, _it_ cannot | 19 defile him; because it goeth | not into his heart, but into | mouth passeth into the belly, his belly, and goeth out into | and is cast out into the the draught? _This he said_, | draught? 20 making all meats clean. And he | said, That which proceedeth out|18 But the things which of the man, that defileth the | proceed out of the mouth come 21 man. For from within, out of | forth out of the heart; and the heart of men, [12]evil |19 they defile the man. For out of thoughts proceed, fornications,| the heart come forth evil thefts, murders, adulteries, | thoughts, murders, adulteries, 22 covetings, wickednesses, | fornications, thefts, false deceit, lasciviousness, an evil| witness, railings: eye, railing, pride, | 23 foolishness: all these evil |20 these are things proceed from within, and| the things which defile the defile the man. | man: but to eat with unwashen | hands defileth not the man.

[Footnote 1: Or, _surely die_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities add _or his mother_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _law_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _caused to stumble_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _planting_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _common_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _up to the elbow_. Gr. _with the fist_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _baptize_. Some ancient authorities read _sprinkle themselves_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _baptizings_.]

[Footnote 10: Many ancient authorities add _and couches_.]

[Footnote 11: Many ancient authorities insert ver. 16 _If any man hath ears to hear, let him hear._]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _thoughts that are evil_.]

Sect. 78. THE SECOND WITHDRAWAL TO THE REGION OF TYRE AND SIDON AND THE HEALING OF THE DAUGHTER OF A SYRO-PHOENICIAN WOMAN

Mark 7:24-30 |Matt. 15:21-28 | 24 And from thence he arose, and|21 And Jesus went out thence, and went away into the borders of | withdrew into the parts of Tyre Tyre [3]and Sidon. And he | and Sidon.[a] entered into a house, and would|22 And behold, a have no man know it: and he | Canaanitish woman came out from 25 could not be hid. But | those borders, and cried, straightway a woman, whose | saying, Have mercy on me, O little daughter had an unclean | Lord, thou son of David; my spirit, having heard of him, | daughter is grievously vexed came and fell down at his feet.|23 with a [1]devil. But he 26 Now the woman was a [4]Greek, a| answered her not a word. And Syrophoenician by race. And she| his disciples came and besought besought him that he would cast| him, saying, Send her away; for forth the [1]devil out of her |24 she crieth after us. But he daughter. | answered and said, I was not | sent but unto the lost sheep of |25 the house of Israel. But she | came and worshipped him, 27 And he said unto her, |26 saying, Lord, help me. And he Let the children first be | answered and said, It is not filled: for it is not meet to | meet to take the children's take the children's [2]bread | [2]bread and cast it to the 28 and cast it to the dogs. But | she answered and saith unto | him, Yea, Lord: even the dogs |27 dogs. But she said, Yea, Lord: under the table eat of the | for even the dogs eat of the 29 children's crumbs. And he said | crumbs which fall from their unto her, For this saying go |28 masters' table. Then Jesus thy way; the [1]devil is gone | answered and said unto her, O 30 out of thy daughter. And she | woman, great is thy faith: be went away unto her house, and | it done unto thee even as thou found the child laid upon the | wilt. And her daughter was bed, and the [1]devil gone out.| healed from that hour.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _loaf_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities omit _and Sidon_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Gentile_.]

[Footnote a: It used to be questioned whether he actually left the land of Israel. Matthew's expression ought to have settled the question, and the corrected text of Mark 7:31 leaves no doubt.]

Sect. 79. THE THIRD WITHDRAWAL NORTH THROUGH PHOENICIA AND EAST TOWARDS HERMON AND SOUTH INTO DECAPOLIS (KEEPING OUT OF THE TERRITORY OF HEROD ANTIPAS) WITH THE HEALING OF THE DEAF AND DUMB MAN AND THE FEEDING OF THE FOUR THOUSAND

Mark 7:31-8:9 |Matt. 15:29-38 | 31 And again he went out from |29 And Jesus departed thence, and the borders of Tyre, and came | came nigh unto the sea of through Sidon unto the sea of | Galilee; and he went up into Galilee, through the midst of | the mountain, and sat there. the borders of Decapolis.[a] | 32 And they bring unto him one | that was deaf, and had an | impediment in his speech; and | they beseech him to lay his | 33 hand upon him. And he took him | aside from the multitude | privately, and put his fingers | into his ears, and he spat, and| 34 touched his tongue; and looking| up to heaven, he sighed, and | saith unto him, Ephphatha, that| 35 is, Be opened. And his ears | were opened, and the bond of | his tongue was loosed, and he | 36 spake plain. And he charged |30 And there came unto him great them that they should tell no | multitudes, having with them man: but the more he charged | the lame, blind, dumb, maimed, them, so much the more a great | and many others, and they cast 37 deal they published it. And | them down at his feet; and he they were beyond measure |31 healed them: insomuch that the astonished, saying, He hath | multitude wondered, when they done all things well: he maketh| saw the dumb speaking, the even the deaf to hear, and the | maimed whole, and the lame dumb to speak. | walking, and the blind seeing: 1 In those days, when there was| and they glorified the God of again[b] a great multitude, and| Israel. they had nothing to eat, he | called unto him his disciples, |32 And Jesus called unto him his 2 and saith unto them, I have | disciples, and said, I have compassion on the multitude, | compassion on the multitude, because they continue with me | because they continue with me now three days, and have | now three days and have nothing 3 nothing to eat: and if I send | to eat: and I would not send them away fasting to their | them away fasting, lest haply home, they will faint in the | they faint in the way. way; and some of them are come |33 And the 4 from far. And his disciples | disciples say unto him, Whence answered him, Whence shall one | should we have so many loaves be able to fill these men with | in a desert place, as to fill [1]bread here in a desert |34 so great a multitude? And Jesus 5 place? And he asked them, How | saith unto them, How many many loaves have ye? And they | loaves have ye? And they said, 6 said, Seven. And he commandeth | Seven, and a few small fishes. the multitude to sit down on |35 And he commanded the multitude the ground: and he took the |36 to sit down on the ground; and seven loaves, and having given | he took the seven loaves and thanks, he brake, and gave to | the fishes; and he gave thanks his disciples, to set before | and brake, and gave to the them; and they set them before | disciples, and the disciples to 7 the multitude. And they had a | multitudes. few small fishes: and having | blessed them, he commanded to | 8 set these also before them. And|37 And they did all they did eat, and were filled: | eat, and were filled: and they and they took up, of broken | took up that which remained pieces that remained over, | over of the broken pieces, seven 9 seven baskets. And they were |38 baskets full. And they that did about four thousand: and he | eat were four thousand men, sent them away. | beside women and children.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote a: Observe how carefully he keeps away from the territory ruled by Herod Antipas. The tetrarch Philip, who governed the districts east of the Lake of Galilee and of the upper Jordan, was a better man than Antipas, and moreover had no cause to feel uneasy about Jesus.]

[Footnote b: It is to be noted that Mark and Matthew give the feeding of the five thousand and of the four thousand. Mark and Matthew likewise report Jesus as referring to both incidents (Mark 8:19-20 = Matt. 16:9-10). Hence, it is hard to think of a mere confusion in the use of the data. There is no real reason why both incidents could not be true.]

Sect. 80. THE BRIEF VISIT TO MAGADAN (DALMANUTHA) IN GALILEE AND THE SHARP ATTACK BY THE PHARISEES AND THE SADDUCEES (NOTE THEIR APPEARANCE NOW AGAINST JESUS)

Mark 8:10-12 |Matt. 15:39-16:4 | 10 And straightway he entered into|39 And he sent away the the boat with his disciples, | multitudes, and entered into and came into the parts of | the boat, and came into the Dalmanutha. | borders of Magadan.[a] 11 And the Pharisees came forth,| 1 And the Pharisees and began to question with him, | Sadducees came, and tempting seeking of him a sign from | him[b] asked him to shew them a heaven, tempting him. | 2 sign from heaven. But he | answered and said unto them, | [1]When it is evening, ye say, | _It will be_ fair weather: for | 3 the heaven is red. And in the | morning, _It will be_ foul | weather to-day: for the heaven | is red and lowring. Ye know how 12 And he | to discern the face of the sighed deeply in his spirit, | heaven; but ye cannot _discern_ and saith, Why doth this | 4 the signs of the times. An evil generation seek a sign? verily | and adulterous generation I say unto you, There shall no | seeketh after a sign; and there sign be given unto this | shall no sign be given unto it, generation. | but the sign of Jonah [_see | Jonah 3:4_]. And he left them, | and departed.

[Footnote 1: The following words, to the end of ver. 3, are omitted by some of the most ancient and other important authorities.]

[Footnote a: The situation of Magadan was unknown to some early students or copyists, as it is to us, and so they changed it to the familiar Magdala, found in our common texts.]

[Footnote b: The moment he returns to Galilee the Jewish leaders begin to attack him.]

Sect. 81. THE FOURTH RETIREMENT TO BETHSAIDA JULIAS IN THE TETRARCHY OF HEROD PHILIP WITH SHARP REBUKE OF THE DULNESS OF THE DISCIPLES ON THE WAY ACROSS AND THE HEALING OF A BLIND MAN IN BETHSAIDA

Mark 8:13-26 |Matt. 16:5-12 | 13 And | he left them, and again | entering into _the boat_ | departed to the other side. | 14 And they forgot to take | 5 And the disciples came to the bread; and they had not in the | other side and forgot to take boat with them more than one | 6 [1]bread. And Jesus said unto 15 loaf. And he charged them, | them, Take heed and beware of saying, Take heed, beware of | the leaven of the Pharisees and the leaven of the Pharisees and| 7 Sadducees. And they reasoned 16 the leaven of Herod. And they | among themselves, saying, [2]We reasoned one with another, | 8 took no [1]bread. And Jesus 17 [4]saying. [5]We have no bread.| perceiving it said, O ye of And Jesus perceiving it saith | little faith, why reason ye unto them, Why reason ye, | among yourselves, because ye because ye have no bread? do ye| 9 have no [1]bread? Do ye not yet not yet perceive, neither | perceive, neither remember the understand? have ye your heart | five loaves of the five 18 hardened? Having eyes, see ye | thousand, and how many not? and having ears, hear ye |10 [3]baskets ye took up? Neither not? and do ye not remember | the seven loaves of the four 19 [_see Jer. 5:21; Ezek. 12:2_]? | thousand, and how many When I brake the five loaves |11 [3]baskets ye took up? How is among the five thousand, how | it that ye do not perceive that many [6]baskets full of broken | I spake not to you concerning pieces took ye up? They say | [1]bread? But beware of the 20 unto him, Twelve. And when the | leaven of the Pharisees and seven among the four thousand, |12 Sadducees. Then understood they how many [6]basketfuls of | how that he bade them not broken pieces took ye up? And | beware of the leaven of 21 they say unto him, Seven. And | [1]bread, but of the teaching he said unto them, Do ye not | of the Pharisees and Sadducees. yet understand? 22 And they come unto Bethsaida.[a] And they bring to him a blind 23 man, and beseech him to touch him. And he took hold of the blind man by the hand, and brought him out of the village; and when he had spit on his eyes, and laid his hands upon him, he asked him, 24 Seest thou aught? And he looked up, and said, I see men; for I 25 behold _them_ as trees, walking. Then again he laid his hands upon his eyes; and he looked stedfastly, and was restored, and saw all 26 things clearly. And he sent him away to his home, saying, Do not even enter into the village.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _loaves_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, It is _because we took no bread_.]

[Footnote 3: _Basket_ in ver. 9 and 10 represents different Greek words.]

[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities read _because they had no bread_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, It is _because we have no bread_.]

[Footnote 6: _Basket_ in ver. 19 and 20 represents different Greek words.]

[Footnote a: Jesus goes on to the region of Caesarea Philippi on Mount Hermon, where no hostility had been aroused, and he could quietly instruct the Twelve. He probably remained in that vicinity several months, as this whole period of retirement lasted six months. He was near Bethsaida Julias in the First Retirement and now he stops here again on his way to Caesarea Philippi. Each of the four retirements is into heathen territory (Ituraea twice, Phoenicia, Decapolis), where Greek influence prevails, and where the Greek language is dominant.]

Sect. 82. NEAR CAESAREA PHILIPPI JESUS TESTS THE FAITH OF THE TWELVE IN HIS MESSIAHSHIP

Mark 8:27-30 |Matt. 16:13-20 |Luke 9:18-21 | | 27 And Jesus went |13 Now when Jesus |18 And it came to forth, and his | came into the parts | pass, as he was disciples, into the | of Caesarea | praying alone, the villages of Caesarea| Philippi, he asked | disciples were Philippi: and in the| his disciples, | with him: and he way he asked his | saying, Who do men | asked them, disciples, saying | say [1]that the Son | saying, Who do the unto them, Who do |14 of man is? And they | multitudes say men say that I am? | said, Some _say_ |19 that I am? And 28 And they told him, | John the Baptist; | they answering saying, John the | some, Elijah: and | said, John the Baptist: and others,| others, Jeremiah, or| Baptist; but Elijah: but others, | one of the prophets.| others _say_, One of the prophets.|15 He saith unto them, | Elijah; and 29 And he asked them, | But who say ye that | others, that one But who say ye that |16 I am? And Simon | of the old I am? Peter | Peter answered and | prophets is risen answereth and saith | said, Thou art the |20 again. And he said unto him, Thou art | Christ,[a] the Son | unto them, But who the Christ. | of the living God. | say ye that I am? |17 And Jesus answered | And Peter | and said unto him, | answering said, | Blessed art thou, | The Christ of God. | Simon Bar-Jonah: for| | flesh and blood hath| | not revealed it unto| | thee, but my Father | | which is in heaven. | |18 And I also say unto | | thee, that thou art | | [2]Peter, and upon | | this [3]rock I will | | build[b] my church | | [_see Ps. 89:4, 26, | | 38, 48_]; and the | | gates of Hades shall| | not prevail against | |19 it. I will give unto| | thee the keys of the| | kingdom of heaven: | | and whatsoever thou | | shalt bind on earth | | shall be bound in | | heaven: and | | whatsoever thou | | shalt loose on earth| | shall be loosed in | |20 heaven. Then charged|21 But he charged 30 And he | he the disciples | them, and charged them that | that they should | commanded _them_ they should tell no | tell no man that he | to tell this to no man of him. | was the Christ. | man;

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _that I the Son of man am_. See Mark 8:27; Luke 9:18.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _Petros_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _petra_.]

[Footnote a: Some understand ver. 16f. as showing that they had never before believed him to be the Messiah, and so hold that the other Gospels here utterly conflict with John, who represents the first disciples (Sects. 28, 35) as believing Jesus to be the Messiah. But it is easy to suppose that their early faith in his Messiahship was shaken by his continued failure to gather armies and set up the expected temporal kingdom, and while still believing him to have a divine mission they had questioned whether he was the Messiah, as John the Baptist did in prison (Sect. 57). Observe that in Matthew and Luke he long before this time distinctively _implied_ that he was the Messiah, in response to the Forerunner's inquiries (Sect. 57). Besides, at the Baptism and the Temptation, the Synoptic Gospels represent Jesus as the Son of God.]

[Footnote b: It is interesting to note that the imagery employed by Jesus here all appears in Ps. 89, a Messianic Psalm built on 2 Sam. 7. Thus note "build" in Ps. 89:4, "rock" in 89:26, "anointed" in 89:38, "the power of Sheol" in 89:48, and the Psalm discusses the perpetuity of the Davidic throne (Kingdom). Jesus applies this imagery to the spiritual Kingdom that He is building.]

Sect. 83. JESUS DISTINCTLY FORETELLS THAT HE, THE MESSIAH, WILL BE REJECTED AND KILLED, AND WILL RISE THE THIRD DAY

Mark 8:31-37 |Matt. 16:21-26 |Luke 9:22-25 | | |21 From that time | 31 And he began to | began [1]Jesus to | teach them, that the| shew unto his | Son of man must | disciples, how that |22 saying, The Son of suffer many things, | he must go unto | man must suffer and be rejected by | Jerusalem, and | many things, and the elders, and the | suffer many things | be rejected of the chief priests, and | of the elders and | elders and chief the scribes, and be | chief priests and | priests and killed, and after | scribes, and be | scribes, and be three days rise | killed, and the | killed, and the 32 again. And he spake | third day be raised | third day be the saying openly. | up. | raised up. And Peter took him, |22 And Peter took | and began to rebuke | him, and began to | 33 him. But he turning | rebuke him, saying, | about, and seeing | [2]Be it far from | his disciples, | thee, Lord: this | rebuked Peter, and | shall never be unto | saith, Get thee |23 thee. But he turned,| behind me, Satan: | and said unto Peter,| for thou mindest not| Get thee behind me, | the things of God, | Satan: thou art a | but the things of | stumbling-block unto| 34 men. And he called | me: for thou mindest| unto him the | not the things of | multitude with his | God, but the things | disciples, and said |24 of men. Then said |23 And he | Jesus unto his | said unto all, If unto them, If any | disciples, If any | any man would come man would come after| man would come after| after me, let him me, let him deny | me, let him deny | deny himself, and himself, and take up| himself, and take up| take up his cross his cross, and | his cross, and | daily, and follow 35 follow me. For |25 follow me. For |24 me. For whosoever whosoever would save| whosoever would save| would save his his [3]life shall | his [3]life shall | [3]life shall lose lose it; and | lose it: and | it; but whosoever whosoever shall lose| whosoever shall lose| shall lose his his [3]life for my | his [3]life for my | [3]life for my sake and the | sake shall find it. | sake, the same gospel's shall save | |25 shall save it. For 36 it. For what doth it|26 For what shall a man| what is a man profit a man, to | be profited, if he | profited, if he gain the whole | shall gain the whole| gain the whole world, and forfeit | world, and forfeit | world, and lose or 37 his [3]life? For | his [3]life? or what| forfeit his own what should a man | shall a man give in | self? give in exchange for| exchange for his | his [3]life? | [3]life? |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _Jesus Christ_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, God _have mercy on thee_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _soul_.]

Sect. 84. THE COMING OF THE SON OF MAN IN THAT GENERATION

Mark 8:38-9:1 |Matt. 16:27-28 |Luke 9:26-27 | | 38 For whosoever | |26 For whosoever shall be ashamed of | | shall be ashamed me and of my words | | of me and of my in this adulterous |27 For the Son of man | words, of him and sinful | shall come in the | shall the Son of generation, the Son | glory of his Father | man be ashamed, of man also shall be| with his angels; | when he cometh in ashamed of him, when| and then shall | his own glory, and he cometh in the | he render unto every| _the glory_ of the glory of his Father | man according to | Father, and of the with the holy | his [1]deeds [_see | holy angels. 1 angels. And he said | Ps. 62:12; Prov. |27 But I unto them, Verily I |28 24:12_]. Verily I | tell you of a say unto you, There | say unto you, There | truth, There be be some here of them| be some of them that| some of them that that stand _by_, | stand here, which | stand here, which which shall in no | shall in no wise | shall in no wise wise taste of death,| taste of death, till| taste of death, till they see the | they see the Son of | till they see the kingdom of God come | man coming in his | kingdom of God. with power. | kingdom. |

[Footnote 1: Gr. _doing_.]

Sect. 85. THE TRANSFIGURATION OF JESUS ON A MOUNTAIN (PROBABLY HERMON[a]) NEAR CAEESAREA PHILIPPI

Mark 9:2-8 |Matt. 17:1-8 |Luke 9:28-36 | | 2 And after six days| 1 And after six days|28 And it came to Jesus taketh with | Jesus taketh with | pass about eight him Peter, and | him Peter, and | days after these James, and John, and| James, and John his | sayings, he took bringeth them up | brother, and | with him Peter and into a high mountain| bringeth them up | John and James, apart by themselves:| into a high mountain| and went up into and he was | 2 apart: and he was | the mountain to transfigured before | transfigured before |29 pray. And as he 3 them: and his | them: and his face | was praying, the garments became | did shine as the | fashion of his glistering, | sun, and his | countenance was exceeding white; so | garments became | altered, and his as no fuller on | white as the light. | raiment _became_ earth can whiten | 3 And behold, there | white _and_ 4 them. And there | appeared unto them |30 dazzling. And appeared unto them | Moses and Elijah | behold, there Elijah with Moses: | talking with him. | talked with him and they were | | two men, which talking with Jesus. | | were Moses and | |31 Elijah; who | | appeared in glory, | | and spake of his | | [2]decease which | | he was about to | | accomplish at | |32 Jerusalem. Now | | Peter and they | | that were with | | him, were heavy | | with sleep: but | | [3]when they were | | fully awake, they | | saw his glory, and 5 And Peter | 4 And Peter | the two men that answereth and saith | answered, and said | stood with him. to Jesus, Rabbi, it | unto Jesus, Lord, it|33 And it came to is good for us to | is good for us to be| pass, as they were be here: and let us | here: if thou wilt, | parting from him, make three | I will make three | Peter said unto [1]tabernacles,[b] | [1]tabernacles; one | Jesus, Master, it one for thee, and | for thee, and one | is good for us to one for Moses, and | for Moses, and one | be here: and let 6 one for Elijah. For | for Elijah. | us make three he wist not what to | 5 While he was yet | [1]tabernacles; answer; for they | speaking, behold, a | one for thee, and became sore afraid. | bright cloud | one for Moses, and 7 And there came a | overshadowed them: | one for Elijah: cloud overshadowing | and behold, a voice | not knowing what them: and there came| out of the cloud, |34 he said. And while a voice out of the | saying, This is my | he said these cloud, This is my | beloved Son, in whom| things, there came beloved Son: hear ye| I am well pleased; | a cloud, and him [_see Deut. | 6 hear ye him. And | overshadowed them: 18:15; Isa. 42:1; | when the disciples | and they feared as Ps. 2:7_].[c] | heard it, they fell | they entered into | on their face, and |35 the cloud. And a | were sore afraid. | voice came out of | 7 And Jesus came and | the cloud, saying, | touched them and | This is [4]my Son, 8 And | said, Arise, and be | my chosen: hear ye suddenly looking | 8 not afraid. And | him. round about, they | lifting up their |36 And when the saw no one any more,| eyes, they saw no | voice [5]came, save Jesus only with| one, save Jesus | Jesus was found themselves. | only. | alone.

[Footnote 1: Or, _booths_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _departure_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _having remained awake_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities read _my beloved Son_. See Matt. 17:5; Mark 9:7.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _was past_.]

[Footnote a: The tradition which places the Transfiguration on Mount Tabor is beyond question false.]

[Footnote b: Probably not long before the feast of tabernacles (near end of September) and Peter may have meant that they celebrate the feast on the mountains instead of going to Jerusalem.]

[Footnote c: See Sect. 24 for similar language at the Baptism of Jesus.]

Sect. 86. THE PUZZLE OF THE THREE DISCIPLES ABOUT THE RESURRECTION AND ABOUT ELIJAH ON THEIR WAY DOWN THE MOUNTAIN

Mark 9:9-13 |Matt. 17:9-13 |Luke 9:36 | | 9 And as they were | 9 And as they were | coming down from the| coming down from the| mountain, he charged| mountain, Jesus | them that they | commanded them, |36 And they held should tell no man | saying, Tell the | their peace, and what things they had| vision to no man, | told no man in seen, save when the | until the Son of man| those days any of Son of man should | be risen from the | the things which have risen again |10 dead. And his | they had seen. 10 from the dead. And | disciples asked him,| they kept the | saying, Why then say| saying, questioning | the scribes that | among themselves | Elijah must first | what the rising | come [_see Mal. | again from the dead |11 4:5-6_]? And he | 11 should mean. And | answered and said, | they asked him, | Elijah indeed | saying, [1]The | cometh, and shall | scribes say that | restore all things: | Elijah must first |12 but I say unto you, | 12 come. And he said | that Elijah is come | unto them, Elijah | already,[a] and they| indeed cometh first,| knew him not, but | and restoreth all | did unto him | things: and how is | whatsoever they | it written of the | listed [_see 1 Kings| Son of man, that he | 19:2, 10_]. Even so | should suffer many | shall the Son of man| things and be set at| also suffer of them.| 13 nought? But I say |13 Then understood the | unto you, that | disciples that he | Elijah is come, and | spake unto them of | they have also done | John the Baptist. | unto him whatsoever | | they listed, even as| | it is written of | | him. | |

[Footnote 1: Or, How is it _that the scribes say ... come?_]

[Footnote a: The Baptist's disclaimer about being Elijah (John 1:21) means only that he was not Elijah in person come back to earth according to popular expectation.]

Sect. 87. THE DEMONIAC BOY, WHOM THE DISCIPLES COULD NOT HEAL

In the region of Caesarea Philippi

Mark 9:14-29 |Matt. 17:14-20 |Luke 9:37-43 | | 14 And when they came| | to the disciples, | | they saw a great | | multitude about | | them, and scribes | | questioning with | | 15 them. And | |37 And it came to straightway all the | | pass, on the next multitude, when they| | day, when they saw him, were | | were come down greatly amazed, and | | from the mountain, running to him |14 And when they | a great multitude 16 saluted him. And he | were come to the | met him. asked them, What | multitude, there | question ye with | came to him a man, |38 And 17 them? And one of the| kneeling to him, and| behold, a man from multitude answered |15 saying, Lord, have | the multitude him, [3]Master, I | mercy on my son: for| cried, saying, brought unto thee my| he is epileptic, and| [3]Master, I son, which hath a | suffereth | beseech thee to 18 dumb spirit; and | grievously: for | look upon my son; wheresoever it | oft-times he falleth| for he is mine taketh him, it | into the fire, and |39 only child: and [4]dasheth him down:| oft-times into the | behold, a spirit and he foameth, and |16 water. And I brought| taketh him, and he grindeth his teeth, | him to thy | suddenly crieth and pineth away: and| disciples, and they | out; and it I spake to thy | could not cure him. | [9]teareth him that disciples that they | | he foameth, and it should cast it out; | | hardly departeth and they were not | | from him, bruising 19 able. And he |17 And Jesus answered |40 him sorely. And I answereth them and | and said, O | besought thy saith, O faithless | faithless and | disciples to cast generation, how long| perverse generation,| it out; and they shall I be with you?| how long shall I be |41 could not. And how long shall I | with you? how long | Jesus answered and bear with you? bring| shall I bear with | said, O faithless 20 him unto me. And | you? bring him | and perverse they brought him | hither to me. | generation, how unto him: and when | | long shall I be he saw him, | | with you, and bear straightway the | | with you? bring spirit [5]tare him | |42 hither thy son. And grievously; and he | | as he was yet a fell on the ground, | | coming, the and wallowed | | [1]devil 21 foaming. And he | | [10]dashed him asked his father, | | down, and [5]tare How long time is it | | _him_ grievously. since this hath come| | unto him? And he | | said, From a child. | | 22 And oft-times it | | hath cast him both | | into the fire and | | into the waters, to | | destroy him: but if | | thou canst do | | anything, have | | compassion on us, | | 23 and help us. And | | Jesus said unto him,| | If thou canst! All | | things are possible | | to him that | | believeth. | | 24 Straightway the | | father of the child | | cried out, and | | said[6], I believe; | | help thou mine | | 25 unbelief. And when | | Jesus saw that a | | multitude came | | running together, he| | rebuked the unclean |18 And Jesus rebuked | But Jesus rebuked spirit, saying unto | him; and the | the unclean him, Thou dumb and | [1]devil went out | spirit, and healed deaf spirit, I | from him: and the | the boy, and gave command thee, come | boy was cured from | him back to his out of him, and | that hour. |43 father. And they enter no more into | | were all 26 him. And having | | astonished at the cried out, and | | majesty of God. [5]torn him much, he| | came out: and _the | | child_ became as one| | dead; insomuch that | | the more part said, | | 27 He is dead. But | | Jesus took him by | | the hand, and raised| | him up; and he | | 28 arose. And when he | | was come into the |19 Then came | house, his disciples| the disciples to | asked him privately,| Jesus apart, and | [7]_saying_, We | said, Why could not | could not cast it |20 we cast it out? And | 29 out. And he said | he saith unto them, | unto them, This kind| Because of your | can come out by | little faith: for | nothing, save by | verily I say unto | prayer.[8] | you, If ye have | | faith as a grain of | | mustard seed, ye | | shall say unto this | | mountain, Remove | | hence to yonder | | place; and it shall | | remove; and nothing | | shall be impossible | | unto you.[2] |

[Footnote 1: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 2: Many authorities, some ancient, insert ver. 21 _But this kind goeth not out save by prayer and fasting._ See Mark 9:29.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _rendeth him_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _convulsed_.]

[Footnote 6: Many ancient authorities add _with tears_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, How is it _that we could not cast it out?_]

[Footnote 8: Many ancient authorities add _and fasting_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _convulseth_.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _rent him_.]

Sect. 88. RETURNING PRIVATELY THROUGH GALILEE, HE AGAIN FORETELLS HIS DEATH AND RESURRECTION

Mark 9:30-32 |Matt. 17:22-23 |Luke 9:43-45 | | 30 And they went | |43 But while all forth from thence, | | were marvelling at and passed through | | all the things Galilee; and he | | which he did, he would not that any | | said unto his man should know it. |22 And while they |44 disciples, Let 31 For he taught his | [1]abode in Galilee,| these words sink disciples, and said | Jesus said unto | into your ears: unto them, The Son | them, The Son of man| for the Son of man of man is delivered | shall be delivered | shall be delivered up into the hands of| up into the hands of| up into the hands men, and they shall |23 men; and they shall | of men. kill him; and when | kill him, and the | he is killed, after | third day he shall | three days he shall | be raised up. And | 32 rise again. But they| they were exceeding |45 But they understood not the | sorry. | understood not saying, | | this saying, and | | it was concealed | | from them, that | | they should not | | perceive it: and and were | | they were afraid afraid to ask him. | | to ask him about | | this saying. | |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _were gathering themselves together_.]

_The season of retirement from Galilee is now ended (Sects. 72-88). The remaining events at this time (Sects. 89-95) probably occupied only a few days._

Sect. 89. JESUS, THE MESSIAH, PAYS THE HALF-SHEKEL FOR THE TEMPLE

Capernaum

Matt. 17:24-27

24 And when they were come to Capernaum, they that received the [1]half-shekel came to Peter, and said, Doth not your [2]master 25 pay the [1]half-shekel [_see Ex. 30:11-15_]? He saith, Yea. And when he came into the house, Jesus spake first to him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? the kings of the earth, from whom do they receive toll or tribute? from their sons, or from strangers? 26 And when he said, From strangers, Jesus said unto him, Therefore 27 the sons are free. But, lest we cause them to stumble, go thou to the sea, and cast a hook, and take up the fish that first cometh up; and when thou hast opened his mouth, thou shalt find a [3]shekel: that take, and give unto them for me and thee.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _didrachma_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _teacher_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _stater_.]

Sect. 90. THE TWELVE CONTEND AS TO WHO SHALL BE THE GREATEST UNDER THE MESSIAH'S REIGN. HIS SUBJECTS MUST BE CHILDLIKE

Capernaum

Mark 9:33-37 |Matt. 18:1-5 |Luke 9:46-48 | | 33 And they came to | 1 In that hour came |46 And there arose Capernaum: and when | the disciples unto | a reasoning among he was in the house | Jesus, saying, Who | them, which of he asked them, What | then is [1]greatest | them should be were ye reasoning in| in the kingdom of | [1]greatest. 34 the way? But they | heaven? | held their peace: | | for they had | | disputed one with | | another in the way, | | who _was_ the | 2 And he |47 But 35 [1]greatest. And he | called to him a | when Jesus saw the sat down, and called| little child, and | reasoning of their the twelve; and he | set him in the midst| heart, he took a saith unto them, If | 3 of them, and said, | little child, and any man would be | Verily I say unto | set him by his first, he shall be | you, Except ye turn,|48 side, and said last of all, and | and become as little| unto them, 36 minister of all. And| children, ye shall | he took a little | in no wise enter | child, and set him | into the kingdom of | in the midst of | 4 heaven. Whosoever | them: and taking him| therefore shall | in his arms, he said| humble himself as | unto them, | this little child, | | the same is the | | [1]greatest in the | | kingdom of heaven. | 37 Whosoever shall | 5 And whoso shall | Whosoever shall receive one of such | receive one such | receive this little children in | little child in my | little child in my my name, receiveth | name receiveth me: | name receiveth me: me: and whosoever | | and whosoever receiveth me, | | shall receive me receiveth not me, | | receiveth him that but him that sent | | sent me: for he me. | | that is [2]least | | among you all, the | | same is great.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _greater_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _lesser_.]

Sect. 91. THE MISTAKEN ZEAL OF THE APOSTLE JOHN REBUKED BY JESUS IN PERTINENT PARABLES

Capernaum

Mark 9:38-50 |Matt. 18:6-14 |Luke 9:49-50 | | 38 John said unto | |49 And John answered him, [7]Master, we | | and said, Master, saw one casting out | | we saw one casting [8]devils in thy | | out [8]devils in name: and we forbade| | thy name; and we him, because he | | forbade him, 39 followed not us. But| | because he Jesus said, Forbid | | followeth not with him not: for there | |50 us. But Jesus said is no man which | | unto him, Forbid shall do a [9]mighty| | _him_ not: for he work in my name, and| | that is not be able quickly to | | against you is for speak evil of me. | | you. 40 For he that is not | against us is for | 41 us. For whosoever | shall give you a cup| of water to drink, | [10]because ye are | Christ's, verily I | say unto you, he shall in no | 42 wise lose his reward. And | whosoever shall cause one of | 6 but whoso shall cause one of these little ones that believe | these little ones which believe [11]on me to stumble, it were | on me to stumble, it is better for him if [2]a great | profitable for him that [2]a millstone were hanged about his| great millstone should be neck, and he were cast into the| hanged about his neck, and sea. | _that_ he should be sunk in the | 7 depth of the sea. Woe unto the | world because of occasions of | stumbling! for it must needs be | that the occasions come; but | woe to that man through whom | 8 the occasion cometh! And if thy 43 And if thy hand cause thee| hand or thy foot causeth thee to stumble, cut it off: it is | to stumble, cut it off, and good for thee to enter into | cast it from thee: it is good life maimed, rather than having| for thee to enter into life thy two hands to go into | maimed or halt, rather than [12]hell, into the unquenchable| having two hands or two feet to 45 fire.[13] And if thy foot cause| be cast into the eternal fire. thee to stumble, cut it off: it| is good for thee to enter into | life halt, rather than having | thy two feet to be cast into | 47 [12]hell. And if thine eye | 9 And if thine eye causeth thee cause thee to stumble, cast it | to stumble, pluck it out, and out: it is good for thee to | cast it from thee: it is good enter into the kingdom of God | for thee to enter life with one with one eye, rather than | eye, rather than having two having two eyes to be cast into| eyes to be cast into the 48 [12]hell; where their worm | [3]hell of fire. dieth not, and the fire is not |10 See that ye despise not one of quenched [_see Isa. 66:24_]. | these little ones; for I say 49 For every one shall be salted | unto you, that in heaven their with fire[14] [_see Lev. | angels do always behold the 50 2:13_]. Salt is good: but if | face of my Father which is in the salt have lost its |12 heaven.[4] How think ye? if any saltness, wherewith will ye | man have a hundred sheep,[a] season it? Have salt in | and one of them be gone astray, yourselves, and be at peace one| doth he not leave the ninety with another. | and nine, and go unto the | mountains, and seek that which 13 goeth astray? And if so be that he find it, verily I say unto you, he rejoiceth over it more than over the ninety and nine which have 14 not gone astray. Even so it is not [5]the will of [6]your Father which is in heaven, that one of these little ones should perish.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _greater_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _a millstone turned by an ass_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _Gehenna of fire_.]

[Footnote 4: Many authorities, some ancient, insert ver. 11 _For the Son of man came to save that which was lost._ See Luke 19:10.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _a thing willed before your father_.]

[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities read _my_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _power_.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _in name that ye are_.]

[Footnote 11: Many ancient authorities omit _on me_.]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _Gehenna_.]

[Footnote 13: Ver. 44 and 46 (which are identical with ver. 48) are omitted by the best ancient authorities.]

[Footnote 14: Many ancient authorities add _and every sacrifice shall be salted with salt_. See Lev. 2:13.]

[Footnote 15: Gr. _lesser_.]

[Footnote a: Parable of the Lost Sheep.]

Sect. 92. RIGHT TREATMENT OF A BROTHER WHO HAS SINNED AGAINST ONE, AND DUTY OF PATIENTLY FORGIVING A BROTHER (PARABLE OF THE UNMERCIFUL SERVANT)

Matt. 18:15-35

15 And if thy brother sin [1]against thee, go, shew him his fault between thee and him alone: if he hear thee, thou hast gained thy 16 brother. But if he hear _thee_ not, take with thee one or two more, that at the mouth of two witnesses or three every word may 17 be established [_see Deut. 19:15_]. And if he refuse to hear them, tell it unto the [2]church: and if he refuse to hear the [2]church 18 also, let him be unto thee as the Gentile and the publican. Verily I say unto you, What things soever ye shall bind on earth shall be bound in heaven: and what things soever ye shall loose on earth 19 shall be loosed in heaven. Again I say unto you, that if two of you shall agree on earth as touching anything that they shall ask, 20 it shall be done for them of my Father which is in heaven. For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them. 21 Then came Peter, and said to him, Lord, how oft shall my brother 22 sin against me, and I forgive him? until seven times? Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, Until seven times; but, Until 23 [3]seventy times seven. Therefore is the kingdom of heaven likened[a] unto a certain king, which would make a reckoning with 24 his [4]servants. And when he had begun to reckon, one was brought 25 unto him, which owed him ten thousand [5]talents. But forasmuch as he had not _wherewith_ to pay, his lord commanded him to be sold, and his wife, and children, and all that he had, and payment to be 26 made. The [6]servant therefore fell down and worshipped him, 27 saying, Lord, have patience with me, and I will pay thee all. And the lord of that [6]servant, being moved with compassion, released 28 him, and forgave him the [7]debt. But that [6]servant went out, and found one of his fellow-servants, which owed him a hundred [8]pence: and he laid hold on him, and took _him_ by the throat, 29 saying, Pay what thou owest. So his fellow-servant fell down and besought him, saying, Have patience with me, and I will pay thee. 30 And he would not: but went and cast him into prison, till he 31 should pay that which was due. So when his fellow-servants saw what was done, they were exceeding sorry, and came and told unto 32 their lord all that was done. Then his lord called him unto him, and saith unto him, Thou wicked [6]servant, I forgave thee all 33 that debt, because thou besoughtest me: shouldest not thou also have had mercy on thy fellow-servant, even as I had mercy on 34 thee?[b] And his lord was wroth, and delivered him to the 35 tormentors, till he should pay all that was due. So shall also my heavenly Father do unto you, if ye forgive not every one his brother from your hearts.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities omit _against thee_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _congregation_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _seventy times and seven_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 5: This talent was probably worth about $1200.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _loan_.]

[Footnote 8: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.]

[Footnote a: Parable of the Unforgiving Servant.]

[Footnote b: The king forgave the servant $1,200,000; the servant refused to forgive $17. We might say in round numbers, a million, and ten dollars.]

Sect. 93. THE MESSIAH'S FOLLOWERS MUST GIVE UP EVERYTHING FOR HIS SERVICE

Matt. 8:19-22 |Luke 9:57-62 | 19 And there came [1]a scribe, |57 And as they went in the way, a and said unto him, [2]Master, I| certain man said unto him, I will follow thee whithersoever | will follow thee whithersoever 20 thou goest. And Jesus saith |58 thou goest. And Jesus said unto unto him, The foxes have holes,| him, The foxes have holes, and and the birds of the heaven | the birds of the heaven _have_ _have_ [3]nests; but the Son of| [3]nests; but the Son of man man hath not where to lay his | hath not where to lay his head. 21 head. And another of the |59 And he said unto another, disciples saith unto him, Lord,| Follow me. But he said, Lord, suffer me first to go and bury | suffer me first to go and bury 22 my father. But Jesus saith unto|60 my father. But he said unto him, Follow me; and leave the | him, Leave the dead to bury dead to bury their own dead. | their own dead; but go thou and | publish abroad the kingdom of |61 God. And another also said, I | will follow thee, Lord; but | first suffer me to bid farewell | to them that are at my house. |62 But Jesus said unto him, No man, | having put his hand to the | plough, and looking back, is fit | for the kingdom of God.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _one scribe_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _lodging-places_.]

Sect. 94. THE UNBELIEVING BROTHERS OF JESUS COUNSEL HIM TO EXHIBIT HIMSELF IN JUDEA, AND HE REJECTS THE ADVICE

John 7:2-9

2 Now the feast of the Jews, the feast of tabernacles, was at hand. 3 His brethren therefore said unto him, Depart hence, and go into Judea, that thy disciples also may behold thy works which thou 4 doest. For no man doeth anything in secret, [1]and himself seeketh to be known openly. If thou doest these things, manifest thyself 5 to the world. For even his brethren did not believe on him. Jesus 6 therefore saith unto them, My time is not yet come; but your time 7 is alway ready. The world cannot hate you; but me it hateth, 8 because I testify of it, that its works are evil. Go ye up unto the feast: I go not up [2]yet unto this feast; because my time is 9 not yet fulfilled. And having said these things unto them, he abode _still_ in Galilee.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _and seeketh it to be known openly_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities omit _yet_.]

Sect. 95. HE GOES PRIVATELY TO JERUSALEM THROUGH SAMARIA

Luke 9:51-56 |John 7:10 | 51 And it came to pass, when |10 But when his brethren were the days [1]were well-nigh come| gone up unto the feast, then that he should be received up, | went he also up, not publicly, he stedfastly set his face to | but as it were in secret. 52 go to Jerusalem,[a] and sent | messengers before his face: and they went, and entered into a 53 village of the Samaritans, to make ready for him. And they did not receive him, because his face was _as though he were_ going to 54 Jerusalem. And when his disciples James and John saw _this_, they said, Lord, wilt thou that we bid fire to come down from heaven, 55 and consume them[2] [_see 2 Kings 1:10-12_]? But he turned, and 56 rebuked them[3]. And they went to another village.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _were being fulfilled_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities add, _even as Elijah did_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities add, _and said, Ye know not what manner of spirit ye are of._ Some, but fewer, add also _For the Son of man came not to destroy men's lives, but to save_ them.]

[Footnote a: See note 10 at end of Harmony for the combination of Luke and John and the three journeyings in Luke toward Jerusalem.]

## PART IX

THE LATER JUDEAN MINISTRY

(Probably Tabernacles to Dedication, about three months, in A.D. 29 or 28 if Ministry only two and a half years in length)

_This ministry is given only by John and Luke. John gives the Jerusalem ministry and Luke that in the country of Judea. Sects. 96-111._

Sect. 96. THE COMING OF JESUS TO THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES CREATES INTENSE EXCITEMENT CONCERNING THE MESSIAHSHIP

_The attempt of the rulers (the Jews, the chief priests, and Pharisees) to arrest him. Division of sentiment in the Galilean multitude at the feast. Impressions of the Jerusalem populace and the Roman officers and of Nicodemus._

John 7:11-52

11 The Jews therefore sought him at the feast, and said, Where is 12 he? And there was much murmuring among the multitudes concerning him: some said, He is a good man; others said, Not so, but he 13 leadeth the multitude astray. Howbeit no man spake openly of him for fear of the Jews. 14 But when it was now the midst of the feast Jesus went up into the 15 temple, and taught. The Jews therefore marvelled, saying, How 16 knoweth this man letters, having never learned? Jesus therefore answered them, and said, My teaching is not mine, but his that 17 sent me. If any man willeth to do his will, he shall know of the teaching, whether it be of God, or _whether_ I speak from myself. 18 He that speaketh from himself seeketh his own glory: but he that seeketh the glory of him that sent him, the same is true, and no 19 unrighteousness is in him. Did not Moses give you the law, and 20 _yet_ none of you doeth the law? Why seek ye to kill me? The multitude answered, Thou hast a [1]devil: who seeketh to kill 21 thee? Jesus answered and said unto them, I did one work, and ye 22 all [2]marvel. For this cause hath Moses given you circumcision (not that it is of Moses, but of the fathers); and on the sabbath 23 ye circumcise a man [_see Gen. 17:9-14; Lev. 12:1-3_]. If a man receiveth circumcision on the sabbath, that the law of Moses may not be broken; are ye wroth with me, because I made a man every 24 whit whole on the sabbath? Judge not according to appearance, but judge righteous judgement. 25 Some therefore of them of Jerusalem said, Is not this he whom 26 they seek to kill? And lo, he speaketh openly, and they say nothing unto him. Can it be that the rulers indeed know that this is the 27 Christ? Howbeit we know this man whence he is: but when the Christ 28 cometh, no one knoweth whence he is. Jesus therefore cried in the temple, teaching and saying, Ye both know me, and know whence I am; and I am not come of myself, but he that sent me is true, whom 29 ye know not. I know him; because I am from him, and he sent me. 30 They sought therefore to take him: and no man laid his hand on 31 him, because his hour was not yet come. But of the multitude many believed on him; and they said, When the Christ shall come, will 32 he do more signs than those which this man hath done? The Pharisees heard the multitude murmuring these things concerning him; and the chief priests and the Pharisees sent officers to take 33 him. Jesus therefore said, Yet a little while am I with you, and I 34 go unto him that sent me. Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: 35 and where I am, ye cannot come. The Jews therefore said among themselves, Whither will this man go that we shall not find him? will he go unto the Dispersion [3]among the Greeks, and teach the 36 Greeks? What is this word that he said, Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, ye cannot come? 37 Now on the last day, the great _day_ of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and 38 drink. He that believeth on me, as the scripture hath said, out of 39 his belly shall flow rivers of living water. But this spake he of the Spirit, which they that believed on him were to receive: [4]for the Spirit was not yet _given_; because Jesus was not yet 40 glorified. _Some_ of the multitude therefore, when they heard 41 these words, said, This is of a truth the prophet. Others said, This is the Christ. But some said, What, doth the Christ come out 42 of Galilee? Hath not the scripture said that the Christ cometh of the seed of David, and from Bethlehem [_see 2 Sam. 7:12, 17; 43 Mic. 5:2_], the village where David was? So there arose a division 44 in the multitude because of him. And some of them would have taken him; but no man laid hands on him. 45 The officers therefore came to the chief priests[a] and 46 Pharisees; and they said unto them, Why did ye not bring him? The 47 officers answered, Never man so spake. The Pharisees therefore 48 answered them, Are ye also led astray? Hath any of the rulers 49 believed on him, or of the Pharisees? But this multitude which 50 knoweth not the law are accursed. Nicodemus saith unto them (he 51 that came to him before, being one of them), Doth our law judge a 52 man, except it first hear from himself and know what he doeth? They answered and said unto him, Art thou also of Galilee? Search, and [5]see that out of Galilee ariseth no prophet.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _marvel because of this. Moses hath given you circumcision._]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _of_.]

[Footnote 4: Some ancient authorities read _for the Holy Spirit was not yet given_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _see: for out of Galilee etc._]

[Footnote a: The Sanhedrin included both Sadducees (chief priests) and Pharisees. Nicodemus was a member of the Sanhedrin and a Pharisee. Now both parties in the Sanhedrin were united against Jesus and the purpose was to bring Jesus before the Sanhedrin for trial.]

Sect. 97. STORY OF AN ADULTERESS BROUGHT TO JESUS FOR JUDGMENT

John 7:53 to 8:11[a]

53, 1 [1][And they went every man unto his own house: but Jesus went 2 unto the mount of Olives. And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came unto him; and he sat 3 down, and taught them. And the scribes and the Pharisees bring a 4 woman taken in adultery; and having set her in the midst, they say unto him, [2]Master, this woman hath been taken in adultery, in 5 the very act. Now in the law Moses commanded us to stone such [_see Lev. 20:10; Deut. 22:22-24_]: what then sayest thou of her? 6 And this they said, [3]tempting him, that they might have _whereof_ to accuse him. But Jesus stooped down, and with his 7 finger wrote on the ground. But when they continued asking him, he lifted up himself, and said unto them, He that is without sin 8 among you, let him first cast a stone at her. And again he stooped 9 down, and with his finger wrote on the ground. And they, when they heard it, went out one by one, beginning from the eldest, _even_ unto the last: and Jesus was left alone, and the woman, where she 10 was, in the midst. And Jesus lifted up himself, and said unto her, 11 Woman, where are they? did no man condemn thee? And she said, No man, Lord. And Jesus said, Neither do I condemn thee: go thy way; from henceforth sin no more.]

[Footnote 1: Most of the ancient authorities omit John 7:53-8:11. Those which contain it vary much from each other.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _trying_.]

[Footnote a: This paragraph can no longer be considered a part of the Gospel of John, but it is in all probability a true story of Jesus, very likely drawn by early students from the collection of Papias, published about A.D. 140. See Hovey on John (American Comm. on N. T.). Observe that without it Sect. 98 goes right on after Sect. 96.]

Sect. 98. AFTER THE FEAST OF TABERNACLES IN THE TEMPLE JESUS ANGERS THE PHARISEES BY CLAIMING TO BE THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD

John 8:12-20

12 Again therefore Jesus spake unto them, saying, I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in the darkness, 13 but shall have the light of life. The Pharisees therefore said unto him, Thou bearest witness of thyself; thy witness is not 14 true. Jesus answered and said unto them, Even if I bear witness of myself, my witness is true; for I know whence I came, and whither 15 I go; but ye know not whence I come, or whither I go. Ye judge 16 after the flesh; I judge no man. Yea and if I judge, my judgement is true; for I am not alone, but I and the Father that sent me. 17 Yea and in your law it is written, that the witness of two men is 18 true [_see Deut. 17:6; 19:15_]. I am he that beareth witness of 19 myself, and the Father that sent me beareth witness of me. They said therefore unto him, Where is thy Father? Jesus answered, Ye know neither me, nor my Father: if ye knew me, ye would know my 20 Father also. These words spake he in the treasury, as he taught in the temple: and no man took him; because his hour was not yet come.

Sect. 99. THE PHARISEES ATTEMPT TO STONE JESUS WHEN HE EXPOSES THEIR SINFULNESS

Jerusalem, probably in the Temple

John 8:21-59

21 He said therefore again unto them, I go away, and ye shall seek 22 me, and shall die in your sin: whither I go, ye cannot come. The Jews therefore said, Will he kill himself, that he saith, Whither 23 I go, ye cannot come? And he said unto them, Ye are from beneath; 24 I am from above: ye are of this world; I am not of this world. I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for except ye believe that [1]I am _he_, ye shall die in your sins. 25 They said therefore unto him, Who art thou? Jesus said unto them, [2]Even that which I have also spoken unto you from the beginning. 26 I have many things to speak and to judge concerning you: howbeit he that sent me is true; and the things which I heard from him, 27 these speak I [3]unto the world. They perceived not that he spake 28 to them of the Father. Jesus therefore said, When ye have lifted up the Son of man, then shall ye know that [4]I am _he_, and _that_ I do nothing of myself, but as the Father taught me, I speak these 29 things. And he that sent me is with me; he hath not left me alone; 30 for I do always the things that are pleasing to him. As he spake these things, many believed on him. 31 Jesus therefore said to those Jews which had believed him, If ye 32 abide in my word, _then_ are ye truly my disciples; and ye shall 33 know the truth, and the truth shall make you free. They answered unto him, We be Abraham's seed, and have never yet been in bondage 34 to any man: how sayest thou, Ye shall be made free? Jesus answered them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Every one that committeth 35 sin is the bondservant of sin. And the bondservant abideth not in 36 the house for ever: the son abideth for ever. If therefore the Son 37 shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed. I know that ye are Abraham's seed; yet ye seek to kill me, because my word [5]hath 38 not free course in you. I speak the things which I have seen with [6]_my_ Father: and ye also do the things which ye heard from 39 _your_ father. They answered and said unto him, Our Father is Abraham. Jesus saith unto them, If ye [7]were Abraham's children, 40 [8]ye would do the works of Abraham. But now ye seek to kill me, a man that hath told you the truth, which I heard from God: this did 41 not Abraham. Ye do the works of your father. They said unto him, We were not born of fornication; we have one Father, _even_ God. 42 Jesus said unto them, If God were your Father, ye would love me: for I came forth and am come from God; for neither have I come of 43 myself, but he sent me. Why do ye not [9]understand my speech? 44 _Even_ because ye cannot hear my word. Ye are of _your_ father the devil, and the lusts of your father it is your will to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and [10]stood not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. [11]When he speaketh a lie, he 45 speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father thereof. But 46 because I say the truth, ye believe me not. Which of you 47 convicteth me of sin? If I say truth, why do ye not believe me? He that is of God heareth the words of God: for this cause ye hear 48 _them_ not, because ye are not of God. The Jews answered and said unto him, Say we not well that thou art a Samaritan, and hast a 49 [12]devil? Jesus answered, I have not a [12]devil; but I honour my 50 Father, and ye dishonour me. But I seek not mine own glory: there 51 is one that seeketh and judgeth. Verily, verily, I say unto you, 52 If a man keep my word, he shall never see death. The Jews said unto him, Now we know that thou hast a [12]devil. Abraham is dead, and the prophets; and thou sayest, If a man keep my word, he shall 53 never taste of death. Art thou greater than our father Abraham, which is dead? and the prophets are dead: whom makest thou 54 thyself? Jesus answered, If I glorify myself, my glory is nothing: it is my Father that glorifieth me; of whom ye say, that he is 55 your God; and ye have not known him: but I know him; and if I should say, I know him not, I shall be like unto you, a liar: but 56 I know him, and keep his word. Your father Abraham rejoiced [13]to 57 see my day; and he saw it, and was glad. The Jews therefore said unto him, Thou art not yet fifty years old, and hast thou seen 58 Abraham? Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, 59 Before Abraham [14]was, I am. They took up stones therefore to cast at him: but Jesus [15]hid himself, and went out of the temple[16].

[Footnote 1: Or, _I am_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, How is it _that I even speak to you at all?_]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _into_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _I am_. Or _I am_ he: _and I do_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _hath no place in you_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _the Father: do ye also therefore the things which ye heard from the Father._]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _are_.]

[Footnote 8: Some ancient authorities read _ye do the works of Abraham_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _know_.]

[Footnote 10: Some ancient authorities read _standeth_.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _When_ one _speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for his father also is a liar._]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 13: Or, _that he should see_.]

[Footnote 14: Gr. _was born_.]

[Footnote 15: Or, _was hidden, and went etc._]

[Footnote 16: Many ancient authorities add _and going through the midst of them went his way, and so passed by._]

Sect. 100. JESUS HEALS A MAN BORN BLIND WHO OUTWITS THE PHARISEES. THE RULERS FORBID THE RECOGNITION OF JESUS AS THE MESSIAH. THE CONVERSION OF THE HEALED MAN

Jerusalem

John 9:1-41

1, 2 And as he passed by, he saw a man blind from his birth. And his disciples asked him, saying, Rabbi, who did sin, this man, or his 3 parents, that he should be born blind? Jesus answered, Neither did this man sin, nor his parents: but that the works of God should be 4 made manifest in him. We must work the works of him that sent me, 5 while it is day: the night cometh, when no man can work. When I am 6 in the world, I am the light of the world. When he had thus spoken, he spat on the ground, and made clay of the spittle, [1]and 7 anointed his eyes with the clay, and said unto him, Go, wash in the pool of Siloam (which is by interpretation, Sent). He went 8 away therefore, and washed, and came seeing. The neighbours therefore, and they which saw him aforetime, that he was a beggar, 9 said, Is not this he that sat and begged? Others said, It is he: 10 others said, No, but he is like him. He said, I am _he_. They said 11 therefore unto him, How then were thine eyes opened? He answered, The man that is called Jesus made clay, and anointed mine eyes, and said unto me, Go to Siloam, and wash: so I went away and 12 washed, and I received sight. And they said unto him, Where is he? He saith, I know not. 13, 14 They bring to the Pharisees him that aforetime was blind. Now it was the sabbath on the day when Jesus made the clay, and opened 15 his eyes. Again therefore the Pharisees also asked him how he received his sight. And he said unto them, He put clay upon mine 16 eyes, and I washed, and do see. Some therefore of the Pharisees said, This man is not from God, because he keepeth not the sabbath. But others said, How can a man that is a sinner do such 17 signs? And there was a division among them. They say therefore unto the blind man again, What sayest thou of him, in that he 18 opened thine eyes? And he said, He is a prophet. The Jews therefore did not believe concerning him, that he had been blind, and had received his sight, until they called the parents of him 19 that had received his sight, and asked them, saying, Is this your 20 son, who ye say was born blind? how then doth he now see? His parents answered and said, We know that this is our son, and that 21 he was born blind: but how he now seeth, we know not; or who opened his eyes, we know not: ask him; he is of age; he shall 22 speak for himself. These things said his parents, because they feared the Jews: for the Jews had agreed already, that if any man should confess him _to be_ Christ, he should be put out of the 23 synagogue. Therefore said his parents, He is of age; ask him. So 24 they called the second time the man that was blind, and said unto 25 him, Give glory to God: we know that this man is a sinner. He therefore answered, Whether he be a sinner, I know not: one thing 26 I know, that, whereas I was blind, now I see. They said therefore 27 unto him, What did he to thee? how opened he thine eyes? He answered them, I told you even now, and ye did not hear: wherefore 28 would ye hear it again? would ye also become his disciples? And they reviled him, and said, Thou art his disciple; but we are 29 disciples of Moses. We know that God hath spoken unto Moses: but 30 as for this man, we know not whence he is. The man answered and said unto them, Why, herein is the marvel, that ye know not whence 31 he is, and _yet_ he opened mine eyes. We know that God heareth not sinners: but if any man be a worshipper of God, and do his will, 32 him he heareth. Since the world began it was never heard that any 33 one opened the eyes of a man born blind. If this man were not from 34 God, he could do nothing. They answered and said unto him, Thou wast altogether born in sins, and dost thou teach us? And they cast him out. 35 Jesus heard that they had cast him out; and finding him, he said, 36 Dost thou believe on [2]the Son of God? He answered and said, And 37 who is he, Lord, that I may believe on him? Jesus said unto him, 38 Thou hast both seen him, and he it is that speaketh with thee. And 39 he said, Lord, I believe. And he worshipped him. And Jesus said, For judgement came I into this world, that they which see not may 40 see; and that they which see may become blind. Those of the Pharisees which were with him heard these things, and said unto 41 him, Are we also blind? Jesus said unto them, If ye were blind, ye would have no sin: but now ye say, We see: your sin remaineth.

[Footnote 1: Or, _and with the clay thereof anointed_ his _eyes_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities read _the Son of man_.]

Sect. 101. IN THE PARABLE (ALLEGORY) OF THE GOOD SHEPHERD JESUS DRAWS THE PICTURE OF THE HOSTILE PHARISEES AND INTIMATES THAT HE IS GOING TO DIE FOR HIS FLOCK AND COME TO LIFE AGAIN

Jerusalem

John 10:1-21

1 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that entereth not by the door into the fold of the sheep, but climbeth up some other way, the 2 same is a thief and a robber. But he that entereth in by the door 3 is [1]the shepherd of the sheep. To him the porter openeth; and the sheep hear his voice: and he calleth his own sheep by name, 4 and leadeth them out. When he hath put forth all his own, he goeth before them, and the sheep follow him: for they know his voice. 5 And a stranger will they not follow, but will flee from him: for 6 they know not the voice of strangers. This [2]parable spake Jesus unto them: but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them. 7 Jesus therefore said unto them again, Verily, verily, I say unto 8 you, I am the door of the sheep. All that came before me are 9 thieves and robbers: but the sheep did not hear them. I am the door: by me if any man enter in, he shall be saved, and shall go 10 in and go out, and shall find pasture. The thief cometh not, but that he may steal, and kill, and destroy: I came that they may 11 have life, and may [3]have _it_ abundantly. I am the good 12 shepherd: the good shepherd layeth down his life for the sheep. He that is a hireling, and not a shepherd, whose own the sheep are not, beholdeth the wolf coming, and leaveth the sheep, and fleeth, 13 and the wolf snatcheth them, and scattereth _them_: _he fleeth_ 14 because he is a hireling, and careth not for the sheep. I am the 15 good shepherd; and I know mine own, and mine own know me, even as the Father knoweth me, and I know the Father; and I lay down my 16 life for the sheep. And other sheep I have, which are not of this fold [_see Ezek. 34:23; 37:24_]: them also I must [4]bring, and they shall hear my voice; and [5]they shall become one flock, one 17 shepherd. Therefore doth the Father love me, because I lay down my 18 life, that I may take it again. No one [6]taketh it away from me, but I lay it down of myself. I have [7]power to lay it down, and I have [7]power to take it again. This commandment received I from my Father. 19 There arose a division again among the Jews because of these 20 words. And many of them said, He hath a [8]devil, and is mad; why 21 hear ye him? Others said, These are not the sayings of one possessed with a [8]devil. Can a [8]devil open the eyes of the blind?

[Footnote 1: Or, _a shepherd_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _proverb_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _have abundance_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _lead_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _there shall be one flock_.]

[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities read _took it away_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _right_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _demon_.]

_In Sects.102-110 we have matters given by Luke only, which probably occurred in Judea. Several of them are similar to events and discourses of the ministry in Galilee, given by Matthew and Mark._[a]

[Footnote a: Observe that here, as in previous portions of the history, we possess only a few specimens from what must have been the great mass of our Lord's doings and sayings.]

Sect. 102. MISSION OF THE SEVENTY. CHRIST'S JOY IN THEIR WORK ON THEIR RETURN

(Compare Mission of the Twelve in Sect. 70.)

Probably in Judea

Luke 10:1-24

1 Now after these things the Lord appointed seventy[1] others, and sent them two and two before his face into every city and place, 2 whither he himself was about to come. And he said unto them, The harvest is plenteous, but the labourers are few: pray ye therefore the Lord of the harvest, that he send forth labourers into his 3 harvest. Go your ways: behold, I send you forth as lambs in the 4 midst of wolves. Carry no purse, no wallet, no shoes: and salute 5 no man on the way. And into whatsoever house ye shall [2]enter, 6 first say, Peace _be_ to this house. And if a son of peace be there, your peace shall rest upon [3]him: but if not, it shall 7 turn to you again. And in that same house remain, eating and drinking such things as they give: for the labourer is worthy of 8 his hire. Go not from house to house. And into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you, eat such things as are set before 9 you: and heal the sick that are therein, and say unto them, The 10 kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. But into whatsoever city ye shall enter, and they receive you not, go out into the streets 11 thereof and say, Even the dust from your city, that cleaveth to our feet, we do wipe off against you: howbeit know this, that the 12 kingdom of God is come nigh. I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable in that day for Sodom, than for that city [_see Gen. 13 19:24_]. Woe unto thee, Chorazin! woe unto thee, Bethsaida! for if the [4]mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which were done in you, they would have repented long ago, sitting in 14 sackcloth and ashes. Howbeit it shall be more tolerable for Tyre 15 and Sidon in the judgement, than for you. And thou, Capernaum, shalt thou be exalted unto heaven? thou shalt be brought down unto 16 Hades [_see Isa. 14:13-15_]. He that heareth you heareth me; and he that rejecteth you rejecteth me; and he that rejecteth me rejecteth him that sent me. 17 And the seventy returned with joy, saying, Lord, even the 18 [5]devils are subject unto us in thy name. And he said unto them, 19 I beheld Satan fallen as lightning from heaven. Behold, I have given you authority to tread upon serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy: and nothing shall in any wise hurt 20 you. Howbeit in this rejoice not, that the spirits are subject unto you; but rejoice that your names are written in heaven. 21 In that same hour he rejoiced [6]in the Holy Spirit, and said, I [7]thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou didst hide these things from the wise and understanding, and didst reveal them unto babes: yea, Father; [8]for so it was 22 well-pleasing in thy sight. All things have been delivered unto me of my Father: and no one knoweth who the Son is, save the Father; and who the Father is, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son 23 willeth to reveal _him_. And turning to the disciples, he said privately, Blessed _are_ the eyes which see the things that ye see: 24 for I say unto you, that many prophets and kings desired to see the things which ye see, and saw them not; and to hear the things which ye hear, and heard them not.

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities add _and two_: and so in verse 17.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _enter first, say_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _powers_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _by_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _praise_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _that_.]

Sect. 103. JESUS ANSWERS A LAWYER'S QUESTION AS TO ETERNAL LIFE, GIVING THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN

Probably in Judea

Luke 10:25-37

25 And behold, a certain lawyer stood up and tempted him, saying, 26 [1]Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? And he said 27 unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God [2]with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself [_see Deut. 6:5; Lev. 28 19:18_]. And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, 29 and thou shalt live [_see Lev. 18:5_]. But he, desiring to justify 30 himself, said unto Jesus, And who is my neighbour? Jesus made answer and said, A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho; and he fell among robbers, which both stripped him and 31 beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. And by chance a certain priest was going down that way: and when he saw him, he 32 passed by on the other side. And in like manner a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other 33 side. But a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where he was: 34 and when he saw him, he was moved with compassion, and came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on _them_ oil and wine; and he set him on his own beast, and brought him to an inn, and took 35 care of him. And on the morrow he took out two [3]pence, and gave them to the host, and said, Take care of him; and whatsoever thou 36 spendest more, I, when I come back again, will repay thee. Which of these three, thinkest thou, proved neighbour unto him that fell 37 among the robbers? And he said, He that shewed mercy on him. And Jesus said unto him, Go, and do thou likewise.

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _from_.]

[Footnote 3: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.]

Sect. 104. JESUS THE GUEST OF MARTHA AND MARY

Bethany, near Jerusalem[a]

Luke 10:38-42

38 Now as they went on their way, he entered into a certain village: 39 and a certain woman named Martha received him into her house. And she had a sister called Mary, which also sat at the Lord's feet, 40 and heard his word. But Martha was [1]cumbered about much serving; and she came up to him, and said, Lord, dost thou not care that my sister did leave me to serve alone? bid her therefore that she 41 help me. But the Lord answered and said unto her, [2]Martha, 42 Martha, thou art anxious and troubled about many things: [3]but one thing is needful: for Mary hath chosen the good part, which shall not be taken away from her.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _distracted_.]

[Footnote 2: A few ancient authorities read, _Martha, Martha, thou art troubled: Mary hath chosen etc._]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _but few things are needful, or one_.]

[Footnote a: There was another Bethany beyond Jordan (John 1:28, Sect. 26). We shall see Jesus in Bethany near Jerusalem again (John 12:1-8). It was his Jerusalem home in the early days of Passion Week.]

Sect. 105. JESUS AGAIN GIVES A MODEL OF PRAYER (COMP. SECT. 54), AND ENCOURAGES HIS DISCIPLES TO PRAY. PARABLE OF THE IMPORTUNATE FRIEND

Probably in Judea

Luke 11:1-13

1 And it came to pass, as he was praying in a certain place, that when he ceased, one of his disciples said unto him, Lord, teach us 2 to pray, even as John also taught his disciples. And he said unto them, When ye pray, say, [1]Father, Hallowed be thy Name. Thy 3 kingdom come.[2] Give us day by day [3]our daily bread. And 4 forgive us our sins; for we ourselves also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And bring us not into temptation[4].[a] 5 And he said unto them, Which of you shall have a friend, and shall go unto him at midnight, and say to him, Friend, lend me 6 three loaves; for a friend of mine is come to me from a journey, 7 and I have nothing to set before him; and he from within shall answer and say, Trouble me not: the door is now shut, and my 8 children are with me in bed; I cannot rise and give thee? I say unto you, Though he will not rise and give him, because he is his friend, yet because of his importunity he will arise and give him 9 [5]as many as he needeth. And I say unto you, Ask, and it shall be given you; seek, and ye shall find; knock, and it shall be opened 10 unto you. For every one that asketh receiveth; and he that seeketh 11 findeth; and to him that knocketh it shall be opened. And of which of you that is a father shall his son ask [6]a loaf, and he give 12 him a stone? or a fish, and he for a fish give him a serpent? Or 13 _if_ he shall ask an egg, will he give him a scorpion? If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall _your_ heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to them that ask him?

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _Our Father, which art in heaven._ See Matt. 6:9.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities add _Thy will be done, as in heaven, so on earth._ See Matt. 6:10.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _our bread for the coming day_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities add _but deliver us from the evil_ one (or, _from evil_). See Matt. 6:13.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _whatsoever things_.]

[Footnote 6: Some ancient authorities omit _a loaf, and he give him a stone? or_.]

[Footnote a: The language here is different from that in Matt. 6 (Sect. 54), but the ideas are the same. Evidently the disciples were slow to learn Christ's teaching about prayer.]

Sect. 106. BLASPHEMOUS ACCUSATION OF LEAGUE WITH BEELZEBUB

(Compare Sect. 61)[a]

Probably in Judea

Luke 11:14-36

14 And he was casting out a [1]devil _which was_ dumb. And it came to pass, when the [1]devil was gone out, the dumb man spake; and 15 the multitudes marvelled. But some of them said, [2]By Beelzebub 16 the prince of the [3]devils casteth he out [3]devils. And others, 17 tempting _him_, sought of him a sign from heaven. But he, knowing their thoughts, said unto them, Every kingdom divided against itself is brought to desolation; [4]and a house _divided_ against a 18 house falleth. And if Satan also is divided against himself, how shall his kingdom stand? because ye say that I cast out [3]devils 19 [2]by Beelzebub. And if I [2]by Beelzebub cast out [3]devils, by whom do your sons cast them out? therefore shall they be your 20 judges. But if I by the finger of God cast out [3]devils, then is 21 the kingdom of God come upon you. When the strong _man_ fully 22 armed guardeth his own court, his goods are in peace: but when a stronger than he shall come upon him, and overcome him, he taketh from him his whole armour wherein he trusted, and divideth his 23 spoils. He that is not with me is against me; and he that 24 gathereth not with me scattereth. The unclean spirit when [5]he is gone out of the man, passeth through waterless places, seeking rest; and finding none, [5]he saith, I will turn back unto my 25 house whence I came out. And when [5]he is come, [5]he findeth it 26 swept and garnished. Then goeth [5]he, and taketh _to him_ seven other spirits more evil than [6]himself; and they enter in and dwell there: and the last state of that man becometh worse than the first. 27 And it came to pass, as he said these things, a certain woman out of the multitude lifted up her voice, and said unto him, Blessed is the womb that bare thee, and the breasts which thou didst suck. 28 But he said, Yea rather, blessed are they that hear the word of God, and keep it. 29 And when the multitudes were gathering together unto him, he began to say, This generation is an evil generation: it seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it but the sign 30 of Jonah [_see Jonah 3:1-4_]. For even as Jonah became a sign unto the Ninevites, so shall also the Son of man be to this generation. 31 The queen of the south shall rise up in the judgement with the men of this generation, and shall condemn them: for she came from the ends of the earth to hear the wisdom of Solomon [_see 1 Kings 32 10:1-3_]; and behold, [7]a greater than Solomon is here. The men of Nineveh shall stand up in the judgement with this generation, and shall condemn it: for they repented at the preaching of Jonah [_see Jonah 3:5-10_]; and behold, [7]a greater than Jonah is here. 33 No man, when he hath lighted a lamp, putteth it in a cellar, neither under the bushel, but on the stand, that they which enter 34 in may see the light. The lamp of thy body is thine eye: when thine eye is single, thy whole body also is full of light; but 35 when it is evil, thy body also is full of darkness. Look therefore 36 whether the light that is in thee be not darkness. If therefore thy whole body be full of light, having no part dark, it shall be wholly full of light, as when the lamp with its bright shining doth give thee light.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _demon_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _in_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _and house falleth upon house_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _itself_.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _more than_.]

[Footnote a: It is perfectly natural that the blasphemous accusation made in Galilee (Sect. 61), and probably more than once (Sect. 68, Matt. 9:34), should be repeated a year or so afterward in Judea or Perea, and that Jesus should make substantially the same argument in reply. This sort of thing occurs to every travelling religious teacher. Our Lord does not here give the solemn warning that such an accusation is really blaspheming against the Holy Spirit, and is unpardonable. (See Luke 12:10.) And the subsequent occurrences are quite different in the two cases. In Sect. 64 he afterwards goes out by the lake-side and gives the great group of parables, presently explaining some of them to the disciples in a house, and then crosses the lake to Gerasa, etc. Here in Sect. 107 he breakfasts with a Pharisee, and utters such solemn woes against the Pharisees as are found only in the closing months of his ministry, and then gives to vast multitudes a series of instructions wholly unlike the great group of parables. So it is quite unsuitable to identify this occurrence with that of Sect. 61.]

Sect. 107. WHILE BREAKFASTING WITH A PHARISEE, JESUS SEVERELY DENOUNCES THE PHARISEES AND LAWYERS, AND EXCITES THEIR ENMITY

Probably in Judea

Luke 11:37-54

37 Now as he spake, a Pharisee asketh him to [1]dine with him: and 38 he went in, and sat down to meat. And when the Pharisee saw it, he 39 marvelled that he had not washed before [1]dinner. And the Lord said unto him, Now do ye Pharisees cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter; but your inward part is full of extortion and 40 wickedness. Ye foolish ones, did not he that made the outside make 41 the inside also? Howbeit give for alms those things which [2]are within; and behold, all things are clean unto you. 42 But woe unto you Pharisees! for ye tithe mint and rue and every herb, and pass over judgement and the love of God [_see Lev. 27:30; Mic. 6:8_]: but these ought ye to have done, and not to 43 leave the other undone. Woe unto you Pharisees! for ye love the chief seats in the synagogues, and the salutations in the 44 marketplaces. Woe unto you! for ye are as the tombs which appear not, and the men that walk over _them_ know it not. 45 And one of the lawyers answering saith unto him, [3]Master, in 46 saying this thou reproachest us also. And he said, Woe unto you lawyers also! for ye lade men with burdens grievous to be borne, and ye yourselves touch not the burdens with one of your fingers. 47 Woe unto you! for ye build the tombs of the prophets, and your 48 fathers killed them. So ye are witnesses and consent unto the works of your fathers: for they killed them, and ye build _their 49 tombs_. Therefore also said the wisdom of God, I will send unto them prophets and apostles; and _some_ of them they shall kill and 50 persecute; that the blood of all the prophets, which was shed from the foundation of the world, may be required of this generation; 51 from the blood of Abel unto the blood of Zachariah [_see Gen. 4:8; 2 Chron. 24:20-21_], who perished between the altar and the [4]sanctuary: yea, I say unto you, it shall be required of this 52 generation. Woe unto you lawyers! for ye took away the key of knowledge: ye entered not in yourselves, and them that were entering in ye hindered. 53 And when he was come out from thence, the scribes and the Pharisees began to [5]press upon _him_ vehemently, and to provoke 54 him to speak of [6]many things; laying wait for him, to catch something out of his mouth.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _breakfast_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _ye can_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _house_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _set themselves vehemently against_ him.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _more_.]

Sect. 108. HE SPEAKS TO HIS DISCIPLES AND A VAST THRONG, ABOUT HYPOCRISY, COVETOUSNESS (PARABLE OF THE RICH FOOL), WORLDLY ANXIETIES, WATCHFULNESS (PARABLE OF THE WAITING SERVANTS, AND OF THE WISE STEWARD), AND HIS OWN APPROACHING PASSION[a]

Probably in Judea

Luke 12

1 In the mean time, when [1]the many thousands of the multitude were gathered together, insomuch that they trode one upon another, he began to [2]say unto his disciples first of all, Beware ye of 2 the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy. But there is nothing covered up, that shall not be revealed: and hid, that shall 3 not be known. Wherefore whatsoever ye have said in the darkness shall be heard in the light; and what ye have spoken in the ear in 4 the inner chambers shall be proclaimed upon the housetops. And I say unto you my friends, Be not afraid of them which kill the body, 5 and after that have no more that they can do. But I will warn you whom ye shall fear: Fear him, which after he hath killed hath 6 [3]power to cast into [4]hell; yea, I say unto you, Fear him. Are not five sparrows sold for two farthings? and not one of them is 7 forgotten in the sight of God. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered. Fear not: ye are of more value than many sparrows. 8 And I say unto you, Every one who shall confess [5]me before men, [6]him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God: 9 but he that denieth me in the presence of men shall be denied in 10 the presence of the angels of God. And every one who shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Spirit it shall not be 11 forgiven. And when they bring you before the synagogues, and the rulers, and the authorities, be not anxious how or what ye shall 12 answer, or what ye shall say: for the Holy Spirit shall teach you in that very hour what ye ought to say. 13 And one out of the multitude said unto him, [7]Master, bid my 14 brother divide the inheritance with me. But he said unto him, Man, 15 who made me a judge or a divider over you? And he said unto them, Take heed, and keep yourselves from all covetousness: [8]for a man's life consisteth not in the abundance of the things which he 16 possesseth. And he spake a parable unto them, saying, The ground 17 of a certain rich man brought forth plentifully: and he reasoned within himself, saying, What shall I do, because I have not where 18 to bestow my fruits? And he said, This will I do: I will pull down my barns, and build greater; and there will I bestow all my corn 19 and my goods. And I will say to my [9]soul, [9]Soul, thou hast much goods laid up for many years; take thine ease, eat, drink, be 20 merry. But God said unto him, Thou foolish one, this night [10]is thy [9]soul required of thee; and the things which thou hast 21 prepared, whose shall they be? So is he that layeth up treasure for himself, and is not rich toward God. 22 And he said unto his disciples, Therefore I say unto you, Be not anxious for _your_ [11]life, what ye shall eat; nor yet for your 23 body, what ye shall put on. For the [11]life is more than the 24 food, and the body than the raiment. Consider the ravens, that they sow not, neither reap; which have no store-chamber nor barn; and God feedeth them: of how much more value are ye than the 25 birds! And which of you by being anxious can add a cubit unto his 26 [12]stature? If then ye are not able to do even that which is 27 least, why are ye anxious concerning the rest? Consider the lilies, how they grow: they toil not, neither do they spin; yet I say unto you, Even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like 28 one of these. But if God doth so clothe the grass in the field, which to-day is, and to-morrow is cast into the oven; how much 29 more _shall he clothe_ you, O ye of little faith? And seek not ye what ye shall eat, and what ye shall drink, neither be ye of 30 doubtful mind. For all these things do the nations of the world seek after: but your Father knoweth that ye have need of these 31 things. Howbeit seek ye [13]his kingdom, and these things shall be 32 added unto you. Fear not, little flock; for it is your Father's 33 good pleasure to give you the kingdom. Sell that ye have, and give alms; make for yourselves purses which wax not old, a treasure in the heavens that faileth not, where no thief draweth near, neither 34 moth destroyeth. For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also. 35,36 Let your loins be girded about, and your lamps burning; and be ye yourselves like unto men looking for their lord, when he shall return from the marriage feast; that, when he cometh and knocketh, 37 they may straightway open unto him. Blessed are those [14]servants, whom the lord when he cometh shall find watching: verily I say unto you, that he shall gird himself, and make them 38 sit down to meat, and shall come and serve them. And if he shall come in the second watch, and if in the third, and find _them_ so, 39 blessed are those _servants_. [15]But know this, that if the master of the house had known in what hour the thief was coming, he would have watched, and not have left his house to be 40 [16]broken through. Be ye also ready: for in an hour that ye think not the Son of man cometh. 41 And Peter said, Lord, speakest thou this parable unto us, or even 42 unto all? And the Lord said, Who then is [17]the faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall set over his household, to give them 43 their portion of food in due season? Blessed is that [18]servant, 44 whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Of a truth I say 45 unto you, that he will set him over all that he hath. But if that [18]servant shall say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and the maidservants, and 46 to eat and drink, and to be drunken; the lord of that [18]servant shall come in a day when he expecteth not, and in an hour when he knoweth not, and shall [19]cut him asunder, and appoint his 47 portion with the unfaithful. And that [18]servant, which knew his lord's will, and made not ready, nor did according to his will, 48 shall be beaten with many _stripes_; but he that knew not, and did things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few _stripes_. And to whomsoever much is given, of him shall much be required: and to whom they commit much, of him will they ask the more. 49 I came to cast fire upon the earth; and what will I, if it is 50 already kindled? But I have a baptism to be baptized with; and how 51 am I straitened till it be accomplished! Think ye that I am come to give peace in the earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division: 52 for there shall be from henceforth five in one house divided, 53 three against two, and two against three [_see Mic. 7:6_]. They shall be divided, father against son, and son against father; mother against daughter, and daughter against her mother; mother in law against her daughter in law, and daughter in law against her mother in law. 54 And he said to the multitudes also, When ye see a cloud rising in the west, straightway ye say, There cometh a shower; and so it 55 cometh to pass. And when _ye see_ a south wind blowing, ye say, 56 There will be a [20]scorching heat; and it cometh to pass. Ye hypocrites, ye know how to [21]interpret the face of the earth and the heaven; but how is it that ye know not how to [21]interpret 57 this time? And why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right? 58 For as thou art going with thine adversary before the magistrate, on the way give diligence to be quit of him; lest haply he hale thee unto the judge, and the judge shall deliver thee to the 59 [22]officer, and the [22]officer shall cast thee into prison. I say unto thee, Thou shalt by no means come out thence, till thou have paid the very last mite.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _the myriads of_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _say unto his disciples, First of all beware ye_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _authority_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _Gehenna_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _in me_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _in him_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _for not in a man's abundance consisteth his life, from the things which he possesseth_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _life_.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _they require thy soul_.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _soul_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _age_.]

[Footnote 13: Many ancient authorities read _the kingdom of God_.]

[Footnote 14: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 15: Or, _But this ye know_.]

[Footnote 16: Or, _digged through_.]

[Footnote 17: Or, _the faithful steward, the wise_ man _whom etc._]

[Footnote 18: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 19: Or, _severely scourge him_.]

[Footnote 20: Or, _hot wind_.]

[Footnote 21: Gr. _prove_.]

[Footnote 22: Gr. _exactor_.]

[Footnote a: Here we have a series of discourses to the disciples (1-12), to one of the crowd (13-21), to the disciples (22-40), to Peter (41-53), to the multitudes (54-59). The constant interruption is typical of the teaching of Jesus. This address, as often, repeats some of Christ's favorite sayings.

Besides the Parable of the Rich Fool (12:16-21) note those of the Waiting Servants (37-40) and of the Wise Steward (42-48).]

Sect. 109. ALL MUST REPENT OR PERISH (TWO CURRENT TRAGEDIES); PARABLE OF THE BARREN FIG TREE

Probably in Judea

Luke 13:1-9

1 Now there were some present at that very season which told him of the Galileans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their 2 sacrifices. And he answered and said unto them, Think ye that these Galileans were sinners above all the Galileans, because they 3 have suffered these things? I tell you, Nay: but, except ye 4 repent, ye shall all in like manner perish. Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and killed them, think ye that they were [1]offenders above all the men that dwell in Jerusalem? 5 I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish. 6 And he spake this parable; A certain man had a fig tree planted in his vineyard; and he came seeking fruit thereon, and 7 found none. And he said unto the vinedresser, Behold, these three years I come seeking fruit on this fig tree, and find none: cut it 8 down; why doth it also cumber the ground? And he answering saith unto him, Lord, let it alone this year also, till I shall dig 9 about it, and dung it: and if it bear fruit thenceforth, _well_; but if not, thou shalt cut it down.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _debtors_.]

Sect. 110. JESUS HEALS A CRIPPLED WOMAN ON THE SABBATH AND DEFENDS HIMSELF AGAINST THE RULER OF THE SYNAGOGUE (COMP. SECTS. 49 TO 51 AND 114). REPETITION OF THE PARABLES OF THE MUSTARD SEED AND OF THE LEAVEN

Luke 13:10-21

10 And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath day. 11 And behold, a woman which had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years; and she was bowed together, and could in no wise lift 12 herself up. And when Jesus saw her, he called her, and said to 13 her, Woman, thou art loosed from thine infirmity. And he laid his hands upon her: and immediately she was made straight, and 14 glorified God. And the ruler of the synagogue, being moved with indignation because Jesus had healed on the sabbath [_see Ex. 20:8-11; Deut. 5:12-15_], answered and said to the multitude, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore 15 come and be healed, and not on the day of the sabbath. But the Lord answered him, and said, Ye hypocrites, doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the [1]stall, and 16 lead him away to watering? And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan had bound, lo, _these_ eighteen years, to have been loosed from this bond on the day of the 17 sabbath? And as he said these things, all his adversaries were put to shame: and all the multitude rejoiced for all the glorious things that were done by him. 18 He said therefore, Unto what is the kingdom of God like? and 19 whereunto shall I liken it? It is like unto a grain of mustard seed, which a man took, and cast into his own garden; and it grew, and became a tree; and the birds of the heaven lodged in the 20 branches thereof [_see Dan. 4:10-12; 20-22_]. And again he said, 21 Whereunto shall I liken the kingdom of God? It is like unto leaven, which a woman took and hid in three [2]measures of meal, till it was all leavened.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _manger_.]

[Footnote 2: The word in the Gr. denotes the Hebrew seah, a measure containing nearly a peck and a half (cf. in Matt. 13:33).]

_Here again the Gospel of John takes us up, and carries us to Jerusalem, and then to Perea._

Sect. 111. AT THE FEAST OF DEDICATION, JESUS WILL NOT YET OPENLY SAY THAT HE IS THE MESSIAH. THE JEWS TRY TO STONE HIM

Jerusalem

John 10:22-39

22 [1]And it was the feast of the dedication at Jerusalem:[a] it was 23 winter; and Jesus was walking in the temple in Solomon's porch. 24 The Jews therefore came round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou hold us in suspense? If thou art the Christ, tell 25 us plainly. Jesus answered them, I told you, and ye believe not: the works that I do in my Father's name, these bear witness of me. 26 But ye believe not, because ye are not of my sheep. My sheep hear 27 my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: and I give unto 28 them eternal life; and they shall never perish, and no one shall 29 snatch them out of my hand. [2]My Father, which hath given _them_ unto me, is greater than all; and no one is able to snatch 30 [3]_them_ out of the Father's hand. I and the Father are one. The 31 Jews took up stones again to stone him. Jesus answered them, Many 32 good works have I shewed you from the Father; for which of those 33 works do ye stone me? The Jews answered him, For a good work we stone thee not, but for blasphemy; and because that thou, being a 34 man, makest thyself God. Jesus answered them, Is it not written in 35 your law, I said, Ye are gods [_see Ps. 82:6_]? If he called them gods, unto whom the word of God came (and the scripture cannot be 36 broken), say ye of him, whom the Father [4]sanctified and sent into the world, Thou blasphemest; because I said, I am _the_ Son 37 of God? If I do not the works of my Father, believe me not. But if 38 I do them, though you believe not me, believe the works: that ye may know and understand that the Father is in me, and I in the 39 Father. They sought again to take him: and he went forth out of their hand.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _At that time was the feast_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _That which my Father hath given unto me_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _aught_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _consecrated_.]

[Footnote a: Some scholars think that the events in John 9 and 10:1-21 belong to the time of the feast of dedication rather than soon after tabernacles. But the language of John 10:24 seems to call for an interval.]

## PART X

THE LATER PEREAN MINISTRY

_Probably Dedication in A.D. 29 to Last Journey in A.D. 30 (about three and a half months), Sects. 112-127._

Sect. 112. THE WITHDRAWAL FROM JERUSALEM TO BETHANY BEYOND JORDAN

Perea

John 10:40-42

40 And he went away again beyond Jordan into the place where John 41 was at the first baptizing; and there he abode. And many came unto him; and they said, John indeed did no sign: but all things 42 whatsoever John spake of this man were true. And many believed on him there.

Sect. 113. TEACHING IN PEREA, ON A JOURNEY[a] TOWARD JERUSALEM. WARNED AGAINST HEROD ANTIPAS

Luke 13:22-35

22 And he went on his way through cities and villages, teaching, and 23 journeying on unto Jerusalem.[b] And one said unto him, Lord, are 24 they few that be saved? And he said unto them, Strive to enter in by the narrow door: for many, I say unto you, shall seek to enter 25 in, and shall not be [1]able. When once the master of the house is risen up, and hath shut to the door, and ye begin to stand without, and to knock at the door, saying, Lord, open to us; and 26 he shall answer and say to you, I know you not whence ye are; then shall ye begin to say, We did eat and drink in thy presence, and 27 thou didst teach in our streets; and he shall say, I tell you, I know not whence ye are; depart from me, all ye workers of iniquity 28 [_see Ps. 6:8_]. There shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth, when ye shall see Abraham, and Isaac, and Jacob, and all the prophets, in the kingdom of God, and yourselves cast forth 29 without. And they shall come from the east and west, and from the north and south, and shall [2]sit down in the kingdom of God [_see 30 Ps. 107:3; Isa. 49:12_]. And behold, there are last which shall be first, and there are first which shall be last. 31 In that very hour there came certain Pharisees, saying to him, 32 Get thee out, and go hence: for Herod would fain kill thee. And he said unto them, Go and say to that fox, Behold, I cast out [3]devils and perform cures to-day and to-morrow, and the third 33 _day_ I am perfected. Howbeit I must go on my way to-day and to-morrow and the _day_ following: for it cannot be that a prophet 34 perish out of Jerusalem. O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killeth the prophets, and stoneth them that are sent unto her! how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen _gathereth_ 35 her own brood under her wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you _desolate_: and I say unto you, Ye shall not see me, until ye shall say, Blessed _is_ he that cometh in the name of the Lord [_see Ps. 118:26; Jer. 12:7; 22:5_].

[Footnote 1: Or, _able, when once_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _recline_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _demons_.]

[Footnote a: See note 10 at end of Harmony for the combination of Luke and John. After the Feast of the Dedication Jesus retired beyond Jordan (John 10:40), whence he goes to the raising of Lazarus (John 11:17). Luke seems to give incidents that belong to this journey.]

[Footnote b: The period of three to four months from the Dedication to the final Passover is divided by another visit to Jerusalem. We cannot tell how many weeks preceded this event. All along here we have only a few specimens of the Saviour's teaching and works.]

Sect. 114. WHILE DINING (BREAKFASTING) WITH A CHIEF PHARISEE, HE AGAIN HEALS ON THE SABBATH, AND DEFENDS HIMSELF (COMP. SECTS. 49 TO 51 AND 110). THREE PARABLES SUGGESTED BY THE OCCASION

Probably in Perea

Luke 14:1-24

1 And it came to pass, when he went into the house of one of the rulers of the Pharisees on a sabbath to eat bread, that they were 2 watching him. And behold, there was before him a certain man which 3 had the dropsy. And Jesus answering spake unto the lawyers and Pharisees, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath, or not? 4 But they held their peace. And he took him, and healed him, and 5 let him go. And he said unto them, Which of you shall have [1]an ass or an ox fallen into a well, and will not straightway draw him 6 up on a sabbath day? And they could not answer again unto these things. 7 And he spake a parable unto those which were bidden, when he 8 marked how they chose out the chief seats; saying unto them, When thou art bidden of any man to a marriage feast, [2]sit not down in the chief seat; lest haply a more honourable man than thou be 9 bidden of him, and he that bade thee and him shall come and say to thee, Give this man place; and then thou shalt begin with shame to 10 take the lowest place. But when thou art bidden, go and sit down in the lowest place; that when he that hath bidden thee cometh, he may say to thee, Friend, go up higher: then shalt thou have glory in the presence of all that sit at meat with thee. For every one 11 that exalteth himself shall be humbled; and he that humbleth himself shall be exalted. 12 And he said to him also that had bidden him, When thou makest a dinner or a supper,[a] call not thy friends, nor thy brethren, nor thy kinsmen, nor rich neighbours; lest haply they also bid thee 13 again, and a recompense be made thee. But when thou makest a 14 feast, bid the poor, the maimed, the lame, the blind: and thou shalt be blessed; because they have not _wherewith_ to recompense thee: for thou shalt be recompensed in the resurrection of the just. 15 And when one of them that sat at meat with him heard these things, he said unto him, Blessed is he that shall eat bread in the 16 kingdom of God. But he said unto him, A certain man made a great 17 supper; and he bade many: and he sent forth his [3]servant at supper time to say to them that were bidden, Come; for _all_ 18 things are now ready. And they all with one _consent_ began to make excuse. The first said unto him, I have bought a field, and I 19 must needs go out and see it: I pray thee have me excused. And another said, I have bought five yoke of oxen, and I go to prove 20 them: I pray thee have me excused. And another said, I have 21 married a wife, and therefore I cannot come. And the [3]servant came, and told his lord these things. Then the master of the house being angry said to his [3]servant, Go out quickly into the streets and lanes of the city, and bring in hither the poor and 22 maimed and blind and lame. And the [3]servant said, Lord, what 23 thou didst command is done, and yet there is room. And the lord said unto the [3]servant, Go out into the highways and hedges, and 24 constrain _them_ to come in, that my house may be filled. For I say unto you, that none of those men which were bidden shall taste of my supper.

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _a son_. See ch. 13:15.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _recline not_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote a: More exactly, "a breakfast or a dinner." The two principal meals of the Jews answered to the present English breakfast (in the forenoon and often near noon), and dinner (at or after dark); and so in our cities. In the time of King James, as in many of our country homes now, the meal towards noon answered to dinner, and the night meal to supper. Hence a certain confusion in the older and more recent English versions. In verses 16, 17 the right word would be dinner, according to city usage, and so elsewhere.]

Sect. 115. GREAT CROWDS FOLLOW HIM, AND HE WARNS THEM TO COUNT THE COST OF DISCIPLESHIP TO HIM (COMP. SECTS. 70 and 83)

Probably in Perea

Luke 14:25-35

25 Now there went with him great multitudes: and he turned, and said 26 unto them, If any man cometh unto me, and hateth not his own father, and mother, and wife, and children, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life also, he cannot be my disciple. 27 Whosoever doth not bear his own cross, and come after me, cannot 28 be my disciple. For which of you, desiring to build a tower, doth not first sit down and count the cost, whether he have _wherewith_ 29 to complete it? Lest haply, when he hath laid a foundation, and is 30 not able to finish, all that behold begin to mock him, saying, 31 This man began to build, and was not able to finish. Or what king, as he goeth to encounter another king in war, will not sit down first and take counsel whether he is able with ten thousand to 32 meet him that cometh against him with twenty thousand? Or else, while the other is yet a great way off, he sendeth an ambassage, 33 and asketh conditions of peace. So therefore whosoever he be of you that renounceth not all that he hath, he cannot be my 34 disciple. Salt therefore is good: but if even the salt have lost 35 its savour, wherewith shall it be seasoned? It is fit neither for the land nor for the dunghill: _men_ cast it out. He that hath ears to hear, let him hear.

Sect. 116. THE PHARISEES AND THE SCRIBES MURMUR AGAINST JESUS FOR RECEIVING SINNERS. HE DEFENDS HIMSELF BY THREE GREAT PARABLES (THE LOST SHEEP, THE LOST COIN, THE LOST SON)

Probably in Perea

Luke 15:1-32

1 Now all the publicans and sinners were drawing near unto him for 2 to hear him. And both the Pharisees and the scribes murmured, saying, This man receiveth sinners, and eateth with them. 3, 4 And he spake unto them this parable, saying, What man of you, having a hundred sheep, and having lost one of them, doth not leave the ninety and nine in the wilderness, and go after that 5 which is lost, until he find it? And when he hath found it, he 6 layeth it on his shoulders, rejoicing. And when he cometh home, he calleth together his friends and his neighbours, saying unto them, 7 Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost. I say unto you, that even so there shall be joy in heaven over one sinner that repenteth, _more_ than over ninety and nine righteous persons, which need no repentance. 8 Or what woman having ten [1]pieces of silver, if she lose one piece, doth not light a lamp, and sweep the house, and seek 9 diligently until she find it? And when she hath found it, she calleth together her friends and neighbours, saying, Rejoice with 10 me, for I have found the piece which I had lost. Even so, I say unto you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner that repenteth. 11, 12 And he said, A certain man had two sons: and the younger of them said to his father, Father, give me the portion of [2]_thy_ substance that falleth to me. And he divided unto them his living. 13 And not many days after the younger son gathered all together, and took his journey into a far country; and there he wasted his 14 substance with riotous living. And when he had spent all, there arose a mighty famine in that country; and he began to be in want. 15 And he went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that 16 country; and he sent him into his fields to feed swine. And he would fain have been filled with [3]the husks that the swine did 17 eat: and no man gave unto him. But when he came to himself he said, How many hired servants of my father's have bread enough and 18 to spare, and I perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against 19 heaven, and in thy sight: I am no more worthy to be called thy 20 son: make me as one of thy hired servants. And he arose, and came to his father. But while he was yet afar off, his father saw him, and was moved with compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and 21 [4]kissed him. And the son said unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and in thy sight: I am no more worthy to be called 22 thy son.[5] But the father said to his [6]servants, Bring forth quickly the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his 23 hand, and shoes on his feet: and bring the fatted calf, _and_ kill 24 it, and let us eat, and make merry: for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found. And they began to be 25 merry. Now his elder son was in the field: and as he came and drew 26 nigh to the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called to him one of the [6]servants, and inquired what these things might 27 be. And he said unto him, Thy brother is come; and thy father hath killed the fatted calf, because he hath received him safe and 28 sound. But he was angry, and would not go in: and his father came 29 out, and intreated him. But he answered and said to his father, Lo, these many years do I serve thee, and I never transgressed a commandment of thine: and _yet_ thou never gavest me a kid, that I 30 might make merry with my friends: but when this thy son came, which hath devoured thy living with harlots, thou killedst for him 31 the fatted calf. And he said unto him, [7]Son, thou art ever with 32 me, and all that is mine is thine. But it was meet to make merry and be glad: for this thy brother was dead, and is alive _again_; and _was_ lost, and is found.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _drachma_, a coin worth about sixteen cents.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _the_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _the pods of the carob tree_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _kissed him much_.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities add _make me as one of thy hired servants_. See ver. 19.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _Child_.]

Sect. 117. THREE PARABLES ON STEWARDSHIP (TO THE DISCIPLES, THE PARABLE OF THE UNJUST STEWARD; TO THE PHARISEES, THE PARABLE OF THE RICH MAN AND LAZARUS; TO THE DISCIPLES, THE PARABLE OF THE UNPROFITABLE SERVANTS)

Probably in Perea

Luke 16:1-17:10

1 And he said also unto the disciples, There was a certain rich man, which had a steward; and the same was accused unto him that he 2 was wasting his goods. And he called him, and said unto him, What is this that I hear of thee? render the account of thy stewardship; 3 for thou canst be no longer steward. And the steward said within himself, What shall I do, seeing that my lord taketh away the stewardship from me? I have not strength to dig; to beg I am 4 ashamed. I am resolved what to do, that, when I am put out of the 5 stewardship, they may receive me into their houses. And calling to him each one of his lord's debtors, he said to the first, How much 6 owest thou unto my lord? And he said, A hundred [1]measures of oil. And he said unto him, Take thy [2]bond, and sit down quickly 7 and write fifty. Then said he to another, And how much owest thou? And he said, A hundred [3]measures of wheat. He saith unto him, 8 Take thy [2]bond, and write fourscore. And his lord commended [4]the unrighteous steward because he had done wisely: for the sons of this [5]world are for their own generation wiser than the 9 sons of the light. And I say unto you, Make to yourselves friends [6]by means of the mammon of unrighteousness; that, when it shall 10 fail, they may receive you into the eternal tabernacles. He that is faithful in a very little is faithful also in much: and he that 11 is unrighteous in a very little is unrighteous also in much. If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who 12 will commit to your trust the true _riches_? And if ye have not been faithful in that which is another's, who will give you that 13 which is [7]your own? No [8]servant can serve two masters: for either he will hate the one, and love the other; or else he will hold to one, and despise the other. Ye cannot serve God and mammon. 14 And the Pharisees, who were lovers of money, heard all these 15 things; and they scoffed at him. And he said unto them, Ye are they that justify yourselves in the sight of men; but God knoweth your hearts: for that which is exalted among men is an abomination 16 in the sight of God. The law and the prophets _were_ until John: from that time the gospel of the kingdom of God is preached, and 17 every man entereth violently into it [_see Matt. 11:12_]. But it is easier for heaven and earth to pass away, than for one tittle 18 of the law to fall. Every one that putteth away his wife, and marrieth another, committeth adultery: and he that marrieth one that is put away from a husband committeth adultery. 19 Now there was a certain rich man, and he was clothed in purple 20 and fine linen, [9]faring sumptuously every day: and a certain 21 beggar named Lazarus was laid at his gate, full of sores, and desiring to be fed with the _crumbs_ that fell from the rich man's 22 table; yea, even the dogs came and licked his sores. And it came to pass, that the beggar died, and that he was carried away by the angels into Abraham's bosom: and the rich man also died, and was 23 buried. And in Hades he lifted up his eyes, being in torments, and 24 seeth Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. And he cried and said, Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus, that he may dip the tip of his finger in water, and cool my tongue; for I 25 am in anguish in this flame. But Abraham said, [10]Son, remember that thou in thy lifetime receivedst thy good things, and Lazarus in like manner evil things: but now here he is comforted, and thou 26 art in anguish. And [11]beside all this, between us and you there is a great gulf fixed, that they which would pass from hence to you may not be able, and that none may cross over from thence to 27 us. And he said, I pray thee therefore, father, that thou wouldest 28 send him to my father's house; for I have five brethren; that he may testify unto them, lest they also come into this place of 29 torment. But Abraham saith, They have Moses and the prophets; let 30 them hear them. And he said, Nay, father Abraham: but if one go to 31 them from the dead, they will repent. And he said unto him, If they hear not Moses and the prophets, neither will they be persuaded, if one rise from the dead. 1 And he said unto his disciples, It is impossible but that occasions of stumbling should come: but woe unto him, through whom 2 they come! It were well for him if a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were thrown into the sea, rather than that he 3 should cause one of these little ones to stumble. Take heed to yourselves: if thy brother sin, rebuke him; and if he repent, 4 forgive him. And if he sin against thee seven times in the day, and seven times turn again to thee, saying, I repent; thou shalt forgive him. 5, 6 And the apostles said unto the Lord, Increase our faith. And the Lord said, If ye have faith as a grain of mustard seed, ye would say unto this sycamine tree, Be thou rooted up, and be thou 7 planted in the sea; and it would have obeyed you. But who is there of you, having a [12]servant plowing or keeping sheep, that will say unto him, when he is come in from the field, Come straightway 8 and sit down to meat; and will not rather say unto him, Make ready wherewith I may sup, and gird thyself, and serve me, till I have 9 eaten and drunken; and afterward thou shalt eat and drink? Doth he thank the [12]servant because he did the things that were 10 commanded? Even so ye also, when ye shall have done all the things that are commanded you, say, We are unprofitable [13]servants; we have done that which it was our duty to do.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _baths_, the bath being a Hebrew measure. See Ezek. 45:10, 11, 14.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _writings_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _cors_, the cor being a Hebrew measure. See Ezek. 45:14.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _the steward of unrighteousness_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _age_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _out of_.]

[Footnote 7: Some ancient authorities read, _our own_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _household-servant_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _living in mirth and splendour every day_.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _Child_.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _in all these things_.]

[Footnote 12: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 13: Gr. _bondservants_.]

Sect. 118. JESUS RAISES LAZARUS FROM THE DEAD

From Perea[a] to Bethany near Jerusalem

John 11:1-44

1 Now a certain man was sick, Lazarus of Bethany, of the village of 2 Mary and her sister Martha. And it was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair, whose 3 brother Lazarus was sick. The sisters therefore sent unto him, 4 saying, Lord, behold, he whom thou lovest is sick. But when Jesus heard it, he said, This sickness is not unto death, but for the 5 glory of God, that the Son of God may be glorified thereby. Now 6 Jesus loved Martha, and her sister, and Lazarus. When therefore he heard that he was sick, he abode at that time two days in the 7 place where he was. Then after this he saith to the disciples, Let 8 us go into Judea again. The disciples say unto him, Rabbi, the Jews were but now seeking to stone thee; and goest thou thither 9 again? Jesus answered, Are there not twelve hours in the day? If a man walk in the day, he stumbleth not, because he seeth the light 10 of this world. But if a man walk in the night, he stumbleth, 11 because the light is not in him. These things spake he: and after this he saith unto them, Our friend Lazarus is fallen asleep; but 12 I go, that I may awake him out of sleep. The disciples therefore said unto him, Lord, if he is fallen asleep, he will [1]recover. 13 Now Jesus had spoken of his death: but they thought that he spake 14 of taking rest in sleep. Then Jesus therefore said unto them 15 plainly, Lazarus is dead. And I am glad for your sakes that I was not there, to the intent ye may believe; nevertheless let us go 16 unto him. Thomas therefore, who is called [2]Didymus, said unto his fellow-disciples, Let us also go, that we may die with him. 17 So when Jesus came, he found that he had been in the tomb four 18 days already. Now Bethany was nigh unto Jerusalem, about fifteen 19 furlongs off; and many of the Jews had come to Martha and Mary, to 20 console them concerning their brother. Martha therefore, when she heard that Jesus was coming, went and met him: but Mary still sat 21 in the house. Martha therefore said unto Jesus, Lord, if thou 22 hadst been here, my brother had not died. And even now I know that, 23 whatsoever thou shalt ask of God, God will give thee. Jesus saith 24 unto her, Thy brother shall rise again. Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day. 25 Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that 26 believeth on me, though he die, yet shall he live: and whosoever liveth and believeth on me shall never die. Believest thou this? 27 She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I have believed that thou art the 28 Christ, the Son of God, _even_ he that cometh into the world. And when she had said this, she went away, and called Mary [3]her sister secretly, saying, The [4]Master is here, and calleth thee. 29 And she, when she heard it, arose quickly, and went unto him. (Now 30 Jesus was not yet come into the village, but was still in the 31 place where Martha met him.) The Jews then which were with her in the house, and were comforting her, when they saw Mary, that she rose up quickly and went out, followed her, supposing that she was 32 going unto the tomb to [5]weep there. Mary therefore, when she came where Jesus was, and saw him, fell down at his feet, saying unto him, Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died. 33 When Jesus therefore saw her [6]weeping, and the Jews _also_ [6]weeping which came with her, he [7]groaned in the spirit, and 34 [8]was troubled, and said, Where have ye laid him? They say unto 35, 36 him, Lord, come and see. Jesus wept. The Jews therefore said, 37 Behold how he loved him! But some of them said, Could not this man, which opened the eyes of him that was blind, have caused that 38 this man also should not die? Jesus therefore again [9]groaning in himself cometh to the tomb. Now it was a cave, and a stone lay 39 [10]against it. Jesus saith, Take ye away the stone. Martha, the sister of him that was dead, saith unto him, Lord, by this time he 40 stinketh: for he hath been _dead_ four days. Jesus saith unto her, Said I not unto thee, that, if thou believedst, thou shouldest see 41 the glory of God? So they took away the stone. And Jesus lifted up his eyes, and said, Father, I thank thee that thou heardest me. 42 And I knew that thou hearest me always: but because of the multitude which standeth around I said it, that they may believe 43 that thou didst send me. And when he had thus spoken, he cried 44 with a loud voice, Lazarus, come forth. He that was dead came forth, bound hand and foot with [11]grave-clothes; and his face was bound about with a napkin. Jesus saith unto them, Loose him, and let him go.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _be saved_.]

[Footnote 2: That is, _Twin_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _her sister, saying secretly_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _wail_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _wailing_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _was moved with indignation in the spirit_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _troubled himself_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _being moved with indignation in himself_.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _upon_.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _grave-bands_.]

[Footnote a: Our Lord was apparently at a distance of two or three days' journey (verses 6, 17) from Bethany; and he was probably in Perea. This visit to Bethany, a suburb of Jerusalem, may be that to which Luke pointed in 13:22.]

Sect. 119. THE EFFECT OF THE RAISING OF LAZARUS (ON THE PEOPLE, ON THE SANHEDRIN, ON THE MOVEMENTS OF JESUS)

Jerusalem and Ephraim in Judea.

John 11:45-54

45 Many therefore of the Jews, which came to Mary and beheld [1]that 46 which he did, believed on him. But some of them went away to the Pharisees, and told them the thing which Jesus had done. 47 The chief priests therefore and the Pharisees gathered a council, 48 and said, What do we? for this man doeth many signs. If we let him thus alone, all men will believe on him: and the Romans will come 49 and take away both our place and our nation. But a certain one of them, Caiaphas, being high priest that year, said unto them, Ye 50 know nothing at all, nor do ye take account that it is expedient for you that one man should die for the people, and that the whole 51 nation perish not. Now this he said not of himself: but being high priest that year, he prophesied that Jesus should die for the 52 nation; and not for the nation only, but that he might also gather together into one the children of God that are scattered abroad. 53 So from that day forth they took counsel that they might put him to death. 54 Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews, but departed thence into the country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim; and there he tarried with the disciples.

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities read _the things which he did_.]

Sect. 120. JESUS STARTS ON THE LAST JOURNEY TO JERUSALEM BY WAY OF SAMARIA AND GALILEE

_He heals the Ten Lepers and explains the Nature of the Kingdom of God to the Pharisees and the Disciples._

In Samaria or Galilee

Luke 17:11-37

11 And it came to pass, [1]as they were on the way to Jerusalem, 12 that he was passing [2]through the midst of Samaria and Galilee.[a] And as he entered into a certain village, there met him ten men 13 that were lepers, which stood afar off [_see Lev. 13:45-46_]: and they lifted up their voices, saying, Jesus, Master, have mercy on 14 us. And when he saw them, he said unto them, Go and shew yourselves unto the priests [_see Lev. 13:49; 14:1-3_]. And it came to pass, 15 as they went, they were cleansed. And one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back, with a loud voice glorifying God; 16 and he fell upon his face at his feet, giving him thanks: and he 17 was a Samaritan. And Jesus answering said, Were not the ten 18 cleansed? but where are the nine? [3]Were there none found that 19 returned to give glory to God, save this [4]stranger? And he said unto him, Arise, and go thy way: thy faith hath [5]made thee whole. 20 And being asked by the Pharisees, when the kingdom of God cometh, he answered them and said, The kingdom of God cometh not with 21 observation: neither shall they say, Lo, here! or, There! for lo, the kingdom of God is [6]within you. 22 And he said unto the disciples, The days will come, when ye shall desire to see one of the days of the Son of man, and ye shall not 23 see it. And they shall say to you, Lo, there! Lo, here! go not 24 away, nor follow after _them_: for as the lightning, when it lighteneth out of the one part under the heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall the Son of man be [7]in his day. 25 But first must he suffer many things and be rejected of this 26 generation. And as it came to pass in the days of Noah, even so shall it be also in the days of the Son of man [_see Gen. 6:11-13; 27 7:21-23_]. They ate, they drank, they married, they were given in marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and the 28 flood came, and destroyed them all. Likewise even as it came to pass in the days of Lot; they ate, they drank, they bought, they 29 sold, they planted, they builded [_see Gen. 18:20-22_]; but in the day that Lot went out from Sodom [_see Gen. 19:24-25_] it rained 30 fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all: after the same manner shall it be in the day that the Son of man is revealed. 31 In that day, he which shall be on the housetop, and his goods in the house, let him not go down to take them away: and let him that 32 is in the field likewise not return back. Remember Lot's wife [_see 33 Gen. 19:26_]. Whosoever shall seek to gain his [8]life shall lose 34 it: but whosoever shall lose _his [8]life_ shall [9]preserve it. I say unto you, In that night there shall be two men on one bed; the 35 one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. There shall be two women grinding together; the one shall be taken, and the other 37 shall be left[10]. And they answering say unto him, Where, Lord? And he said unto them, Where the body _is_, thither will the [11]eagles also be gathered together.

[Footnote 1: Or, _as he was_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _between_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _There were none found ... save this stranger._]

[Footnote 4: Or, _alien_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _saved thee_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _in the midst of you_.]

[Footnote 7: Some ancient authorities omit _in his day_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _soul_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _save it alive_.]

[Footnote 10: Some ancient authorities add ver. 36 _There shall be two men in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left._]

[Footnote 11: Or, _vultures_.]

[Footnote a: As Ephraim (Sect. 119) was pretty certainly in the northern part of Judea, it has been reasonably supposed (Wieseler, Clark, and others) that, when the Passover was approaching, Jesus went from that region northward through Samaria into the southern or southeastern part of Galilee, so as to fall in with the pilgrims going from Galilee through Perea to Jerusalem. We thus again combine Luke's account with that of John in easy agreement. And this explains Luke's mention of Samaria first, which would be strange in describing a journey from Galilee through Samaria to Jerusalem, while the marginal translation, "between Samaria and Galilee," would he obscure and hard to account for. From this point he is making his final journey to Jerusalem, for the Passover of the crucifixion.]

Sect. 121. TWO PARABLES ON PRAYER (THE IMPORTUNATE WIDOW, THE PHARISEE AND THE PUBLICAN)

Luke 18:1-14

1 And he spake a parable unto them to the end that they ought 2 always to pray, and not to faint; saying, There was in a city a 3 judge, which feared not God, and regarded not man: and there was a widow in that city; and she came oft unto him, saying, [1]Avenge me 4 of mine adversary. And he would not for a while: but afterward he 5 said within himself, Though I fear not God, nor regard man; yet because this widow troubleth me, I will avenge her, lest she 6 [2]wear me out by her continual coming. And the Lord said, Hear 7 what [3]the unrighteous judge saith. And shall not God avenge his elect, which cry to him day and night, and he is longsuffering 8 over them? I say unto you, that he will avenge them speedily. Howbeit when the Son of man cometh, shall he find [4]faith on the earth? 9 And he spake also this parable unto certain which trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and set [5]all others at 10 nought: Two men went up into the temple to pray; the one a 11 Pharisee, and the other a publican. The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, God, I thank thee, that I am not as the rest of 12 men, extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this publican. I 13 fast twice in the week; I give tithes of all that I get. But the publican, standing afar off, would not lift up so much as his eyes unto heaven, but smote his breast, saying, God, [6]be merciful to 14 me [7]a sinner. I say unto you, This man went down to his house justified rather than the other: for every one that exalteth himself shall be humbled; but he that humbleth himself shall be exalted.

[Footnote 1: Or, _Do me justice of_: and so in verses 5, 7, 8.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _bruise_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _the judge of unrighteousness_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _the faith_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _the rest_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _be propitiated_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _the sinner_.]

Sect. 122. GOING FROM GALILEE THROUGH PEREA,[a] HE TEACHES CONCERNING DIVORCE

Perea

Mark 10:1-12 |Matt. 19:1-12 | 1 And he arose from thence, and| 1 And it came to pass when cometh into the borders of | Jesus had finished these words, Judea and beyond Jordan: and | he parted from Galilee, and came multitudes come together unto | into the borders of Judea him again; and, as he was wont,| 2 beyond Jordan; and great he taught them again. | multitudes followed him; and he | healed them there. 2 And there came unto him | 3 And there came unto him Pharisees, and asked him, Is it| [1]Pharisees, tempting him, and lawful for a man to put away | saying, Is it lawful _for a 3 _his_ wife? tempting him. And | man_ to put away his wife for he answered and said unto them,| 4 every cause? And he answered What did Moses command you | and said, Have ye not read, 4 [_see Deut. 24:1_]? And they | said, Moses suffered to write a| bill of divorcement, and to put| 5 her away. But Jesus said unto | them, For your hardness of | heart he wrote you this | 6 commandment. But from the | that he which [2]made _them_ beginning of the creation, Male| from the beginning made them and female made he them [_see | 5 male and female, and said, For 7 Gen. 1:27_]. For this cause | this cause shall a man leave shall a man leave his father | his father and mother, and and mother, [5]and shall cleave| shall cleave to his wife; and 8 to his wife; and the twain | the twain shall become one shall become one flesh [_see | 6 flesh? So that they are no more Gen. 2:24_]: so that they are | twain, but one flesh. What no more twain, but one flesh. | therefore God hath joined 9 What therefore God hath joined | together, let not man put together, let not man put | asunder. 10 asunder. And in the house the | 7 They say unto him, Why disciples asked him again of | then did Moses command to give this matter. | a bill of divorcement, and to | 8 put _her_ away? He saith unto | them, Moses for your hardness | of heart suffered you to put | away your wives: but from the | beginning it hath not been so. 11 And he saith unto | 9 And I say unto you, Whosoever them, Whosoever shall put away | shall put away his wife, his wife, and marry another, | [3]except for fornication, and committeth adultery against | shall marry another, committeth 12 her: and if she herself shall | adultery: [4]and he that put away her husband, and marry| marrieth her when she is put another, she committeth |10 away committeth adultery. The adultery. | disciples say unto him, If the | case of the man is so with his | wife, it is not expedient to 11 marry. But he said unto them, All men cannot receive this saying, 12 but they to whom it is given. For there are eunuchs, which were so born from their mother's womb: and there are eunuchs, which were made eunuchs by men: and there are eunuchs, which made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven's sake. He that is able to receive it, let him receive it.

[Footnote 1: Many authorities, some ancient, insert _the_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _created_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _saving for the cause of fornication, maketh her an adulteress_: as in ch. 5:32, Sect. 54.]

[Footnote 4: The following words, to the end of the verse, are omitted by some ancient authorities.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities omit _and shall cleave to his wife_.]

[Footnote a: Matthew expressly states that he went from Galilee through Perea, and soon afterwards carries him forward to Jericho and Jerusalem. (Comp. Mark also.) Yet he says that Jesus did this when he had finished the parable of the unforgiving servant, which we have placed nearly six months earlier (Sect. 92). Luke here presently agrees with Matthew and Mark, and they go on together to the end, while heretofore Matthew and Mark have given us nothing since Jesus went to the Feast of Tabernacles. In one way or another we must suppose quite a break in their narrative. See Broadus' commentary on Matthew 19:1, and compare note 10 at end of Harmony.]

Sect. 123. CHRIST AND CHILDREN AND THE FAILURE OF THE DISCIPLES TO UNDERSTAND THE ATTITUDE OF JESUS

Perea

Mark 10:13-16 |Matt. 19:13-15 |Luke 18:15-17[a] | | 13 And they brought |13 Then were there |15 And they brought unto him little | brought unto him | unto him also children, that he | little children, | their babes, that should touch them: | that he should lay | he should touch and the disciples | his hands on them, | them: but when the 14 rebuked them. But | and pray: and the | disciples saw it, when Jesus saw it, | disciples rebuked | they rebuked them. he was moved with | them. |16 But Jesus called indignation, and | | them unto him, said unto them, |14 But Jesus | saying, Suffer the Suffer the little | said, Suffer the | little children to children to come | little children, and| come unto me, and unto me; forbid them| forbid them not, to | forbid them not: not: for of such is | come unto me: for of| for of such is the the kingdom of God. | such is the kingdom | kingdom of God. 15 Verily I say unto | of heaven. |17 Verily I say unto you, Whosoever shall| | you, Whosoever not receive the | | shall not receive kingdom of God as a | | the kingdom of God little child, he | | as a little child, shall in no wise | | he shall in no 16 enter therein. And | | wise enter he took them in his |15 And he | therein. arms, and blessed | laid his hands on | them, laying his | them, and departed | hands upon them. | thence. |

[Footnote a: From this point Matthew, Mark and Luke will be parallel more frequently than they were even during the great ministry in Galilee.]

Sect. 124. THE RICH YOUNG RULER, THE PERILS OF RICHES, AND AMAZEMENT OF THE DISCIPLES. THE REWARDS OF FORSAKING ALL TO FOLLOW THE MESSIAH WILL BE GREAT, BUT WILL BE SOVEREIGN (PARABLE OF THE LABORERS IN THE VINEYARD)

In Perea

Mark 10:17-31 |Matt. 19:16 to 20:16 |Luke 18:18-30 | | 17 And as he was | | going forth [8]into | | the way, there ran | | one to him, and |16 And behold, one |18 And a certain kneeled to him, and | came to him and | ruler asked him, asked him, Good | said, [1][2]Master, | saying, Good [2]Master, what | what good thing | [2]Master, what shall I do that I | shall I do, that I | shall I do to may inherit eternal |17 may have eternal | inherit eternal 18 life? And Jesus said| life? And he said |19 life? And Jesus | unto him, [3]Why | | askest thou me | | concerning that | unto him, Why | which is good? One | said unto him, Why callest thou me | there is who is | callest thou me good? none is good | good: but if thou | good? none is good save one, _even_ | wouldest enter into | save one, _even_ 19 God. Thou knowest | life, keep the |20 God. Thou knowest the commandments |18 commandments. He | the commandments, [_see Ex. 20:12-16; | saith unto him, | Deut. 5:16-20_], Do | Which? And Jesus | not kill, Do not | said, Thou shalt not| commit adultery, Do | kill, Thou shalt not| Do not commit not steal, Do not | commit adultery, | adultery, Do not bear false witness, | Thou shalt not | Do not defraud, | steal, Thou shalt | kill, Do not Honour thy father | not bear false | steal, Do not bear 20 and mother. And he |19 witness, Honour thy | false witness, said unto him, | father and thy | Honour thy father [2]Master, all these| mother: and, Thou |21 and mother. And he things have I | shalt love thy | said, All these observed from my | neighbor as thyself.| things have I 21 youth. And Jesus |20 The young man saith | observed from my looking upon him | unto him, All these |22 youth up. And when loved him, and said | things have I | Jesus heard it, he unto him, One thing | observed: what lack | said unto him, One thou lackest: go, |21 I yet? Jesus said | thing thou lackest sell whatsoever thou| unto him, If thou | yet: sell all that hast, and give to | wouldest be perfect,| thou hast, and the poor, and thou | go, sell that thou | distribute unto shalt have treasure | hast, and give to | the poor, and thou in heaven: and come,| the poor, and thou | shalt have 22 follow me. But his | shalt have treasure | treasure in countenance fell at | in heaven: and come,| heaven: and come, the saying, and he |22 follow me. But when |23 follow me. But went away sorrowful:| the young man heard | when he heard for he was one that | the saying, he went | these things, he had great | away sorrowful: for | became exceeding possessions. | he was one that had | sorrowful; for he 23 And Jesus looked | great possessions. | was very rich. round about, and |23 And Jesus said |24 And saith unto his | unto his disciples, | Jesus seeing him disciples, How | Verily I say unto | said, How hardly hardly shall they | you, It is hard for | shall they that that have riches | a rich man to enter | have riches enter enter into the | into the kingdom of | into the kingdom 24 kingdom of God! And | heaven. | of God! the disciples were | | amazed at his words.| | But Jesus answereth | | again, and saith | | unto them, Children,| | how hard is it | | [9]for them that | | trust in riches to | | enter into the |24 And again I | 25 kingdom of God! It | say unto you, It is |25 For it is is easier for a | easier for a camel | easier for a camel camel to go through | to go through a | to enter in a needle's eye, than| needle's eye, than | through a needle's for a rich man to | for a rich man to | eye, than for a enter into the | enter into the | rich man to enter 26 kingdom of God. And |25 kingdom of God. And | into the kingdom they were astonished| when the disciples | of God. exceedingly, saying | heard it, they were | [10]unto him, Then | astonished |26 And they who can be saved? | exceedingly, saying,| that heard it 27 Jesus looking upon | Who then can be | said, Then who can them saith, With men|26 saved? And Jesus | be saved? it is impossible, | looking upon _them_ | but not with God: | said to them, With |27 But he for all things are | men this is | said, The things possible with God | impossible; but with| that are [_see Gen. 18:24; | God all things are | impossible with 28 Job, 42:2_]. Peter |27 possible. Then | men are possible began to say unto | answered Peter and |28 with God. And him, Lo, we have | said unto him, Lo, | Peter said, Lo, we left all, and | we have left all, | have left [12]our followed thee. | and followed thee; | own, and followed | what then shall we | thee. 29 Jesus |28 have? And Jesus said|29 And he said said, Verily I say | unto them, Verily I | unto them, Verily unto you, | say unto you, that | I say unto you, | ye which have | | followed me, in the | | regeneration when | | the Son of man shall| | sit on the throne of| | his glory, ye also | There is | shall sit upon | no man that hath | twelve thrones, | left house, or | judging the twelve | brethren, or | tribes of Israel. | There is no man sisters, or mother, |29 And every one that | that hath left or father, or | hath left houses, or| house, or wife, or children, or lands, | brethren, or | brethren, or for my sake, and for| sisters, or father, | parents, or the gospel's sake, | or mother,[4] or | children, for the 30 but he shall receive| children, or lands, | kingdom of God's a hundredfold now in| for my name's sake, |30 sake, who shall this time, houses, | shall receive [5]a | not receive and brethren, and | hundredfold, | manifold more in sisters, and | | this time, mothers, and | | children, and lands,| | with persecutions; | and | and in and in the [11]world| shall inherit | the [11]world to to come eternal |30 eternal life. But | come eternal life. 31 life. But many _that| many shall be last | are_ first shall be | _that are_ first; | last; and the last | and first _that are_| first. | last. | | 1 For the kingdom of heaven is like unto | a man that is a householder, which went out | early in the morning to hire labourers | 2 into his vineyard. And when he had agreed | with the labourers for a [6]penny a day, 3 he sent them into his vineyard. And he went out about the third 4 hour, and saw others standing in the marketplace idle; and to them he said, Go ye also into the vineyard, and whatsoever is right I 5 will give you. And they went their way. Again he went out about 6 the sixth and the ninth hour, and did likewise. And about the eleventh _hour_ he went out, and found others standing; and he 7 saith unto them, Why stand ye here all the day idle? They say unto him, Because no man hath hired us. He saith unto them, Go ye also 8 into the vineyard. And when even was come, the lord of the vineyard saith unto his steward, Call the labourers, and pay them 9 their hire, beginning from the last unto the first. And when they came that _were hired_ about the eleventh hour, they received 10 every man a [6]penny. And when the first came, they supposed that they would receive more; and they likewise received every man a 11 [6]penny. And when they received it, they murmured against the 12 householder, saying, These last have spent _but_ one hour, and thou hast made them equal unto us, which have borne the burden of 13 the day and the [7]scorching heat. But he answered and said to one of them, Friend, I do thee no wrong: didst not thou agree with me 14 for a [6]penny? Take up that which is thine, and go thy way; it is 15 my will to give unto this last, even as unto thee. Is it not lawful for me to do what I will with mine own? or is thine eye 16 evil, because I am good? So the last shall be first, and the first last.

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _Good Master_. See Mark 10:17; Luke 18:18.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 3: Some ancient authorities read _Why callest thou me good? None is good save one,_ even _God._ See Mark 10:18; Luke 18:19.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities add _or wife_: as in Luke 18:29.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities read _manifold_.]

[Footnote 6: The Roman denarius, about seventeen cents of our money.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _hot wind_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _on his way_.]

[Footnote 9: Some ancient authorities omit _for them that trust in riches_.]

[Footnote 10: Many ancient authorities read _among themselves_.]

[Footnote 11: Or, _age_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _our own_ homes.]

Sect. 125. JESUS AGAIN FORETELLS TO THE DISCIPLES HIS DEATH AND RESURRECTION (COMP. SECTS. 83, 85, 86, 88), AND REBUKES THE SELFISH AMBITION OF JAMES AND JOHN

Probably in Perea

Mark 10:32-45 |Matt. 20:17-28 |Luke 18:31-34 | | 32 And they were in |17 And as Jesus was | the way, going up to| going up to | Jerusalem;[a] and | Jerusalem, | Jesus was going | | before them: and | | they were amazed; | | [3]and they that | | followed were | | afraid. And he took | he took |31 And he took unto again the twelve, | the twelve disciples| him the twelve, and began to tell | apart, and in the | and said unto them the things that| way he said unto | them, Behold, were to happen unto | them, | we go up to 33 him, _saying_, | | Jerusalem, and all Behold, we go up to |18 Behold, we go | the things that Jerusalem; and the | up to Jerusalem; and| are written [5]by Son of man shall be | the Son of man shall| the prophets shall delivered unto the | be delivered unto | be accomplished chief priests and | the chief priests | unto the Son of the scribes; and | and scribes; and |32 man. For he shall they shall condemn | they shall condemn | be delivered up him to death, and |19 him to death, and | unto the Gentiles, shall deliver him | shall deliver him | and shall be unto the Gentiles: | unto the Gentiles to| mocked, and 34 and they shall mock | mock, | shamefully, him, and shall spit | | entreated, and upon him, and shall | and to |33 spit upon: and scourge him, and | scourge, and to | they shall scourge shall kill him; and | crucify: and the | and kill him: and after three days he | third day he shall | the third day he shall rise again. | be raised up. | shall rise again. | |34 And they | | understood none of | | these things; and | | this saying was | | hid from them, and | | they perceived not | | the things that | | were said. 35 And there come near |20 Then came to him the| unto him James and | mother of the sons of Zebedee with her John, the sons of | sons, worshipping _him_, and asking a Zebedee, saying unto him, | certain thing of him. [4]Master, we would that thou | shouldest do for us whatsoever | 36 we shall ask of thee. And he |21 And he said unto them, What would ye | said unto her, What wouldest 37 that I should do for you? And | thou? She saith unto him, they said unto him, Grant unto | Command that these my two sons us that we may sit, one on thy | may sit, one on thy right hand, right hand, and one on _thy_ | and one on thy left hand, in 38 left hand, in thy glory. But |22 thy kingdom. But Jesus answered Jesus said unto them, Ye know | and said, Ye know not what ye not what ye ask. Are ye able to| ask. Are ye able to drink the drink the cup that I drink? or | cup that I am about to drink? to be baptized with the baptism| 39 that I am baptized with? And | they said unto him, We are | They say unto him, We are able. able. And Jesus said unto them,| The cup that I drink ye shall |23 He saith unto them, My cup drink; and with the baptism | indeed ye shall drink: that I am baptized withal shall| 40 ye be baptized: but to sit on | but to my right hand or on _my_ left | sit on my right hand, and on hand is not mine to give: but | _my_ left hand, is not mine to _it is for them_ for whom it | give, but _it is for them_ for 41 hath been prepared. And when | whom it hath been prepared of the ten heard it, they began to|24 my Father. And when the ten be moved with indignation | heard it, they were moved with 42 concerning James and John. And | indignation concerning the two Jesus called them to him, and |25 brethren. But Jesus called them saith unto them, Ye know that | unto him, and said, Ye know they which are accounted to | rule over the Gentiles lord it | that the rulers of the Gentiles over them; and their great ones| lord it over them, and their exercise authority over them. | great ones exercise authority 43 But it is not so among you: but|26 over them. Not so shall it be whosoever would become great | among you: but whosoever would among you, shall be your | be great among you shall be 44 [1]minister: and whosoever |27 your [1]minister; and whosoever would be first among you, shall| would be first among you shall 45 be [2]servant of all. For |28 be your [2]servant: even as the verily the Son of man came not | Son of man came not to be to be ministered unto, but to | ministered unto, but to minister, and to give his life | minister, and to give his life a ransom for many. | a ransom for many.

[Footnote 1: Or, _servant_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _but some as they followed were afraid_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote a: He left Galilee in Sect. 122, crossing the Jordan into Perea, probably in company with many Jews from Galilee (who regularly went this way to Jerusalem), and will now soon cross the river again and reach Jericho (Sect. 126).]

Sect. 126. BLIND BARTIMAEUS AND HIS COMPANION HEALED

At Jericho

Mark 10:46-52 |Matt. 20:29-34 |Luke 18:35-43 | | 46 And they come to |29 And as they went |35 And it came to Jericho: and as he | out from Jericho, a | pass, as he drew went out from | great multitude | nigh unto Jericho, Jericho, with his | followed him. | disciples and a | | great multitude, the| | son of Timaeus, |30 And | Bartimaeus, a blind | behold, two[a] blind| a certain blind beggar, was sitting | men sitting by the | man sat by the way by the way side. | way side, |36 side begging: and | | hearing a | | multitude going | | by, he inquired | | what this meant. 47 And | when they |37 And they told him, when he heard that | heard that Jesus was| that Jesus of it was Jesus of | passing by, cried | Nazareth passeth Nazareth, he began | out, saying, Lord, |38 by. And he cried, to cry out, and say,| have mercy on us, | saying, Jesus, Jesus, thou son of | thou Son of David. | thou son of David, David, have mercy on|31 And the multitude | have mercy on me. 48 me. And many rebuked| rebuked them, that |39 And they that went him, that he should | they should hold | before rebuked hold his peace: but | their peace: but | him, that he he cried out the | they cried out the | should hold his more a great deal, | more, saying, Lord, | peace: but he Thou son of David, | have mercy on us, | cried out the more have mercy on me. | thou son of David. | a great deal, Thou 49 And Jesus stood |32 And Jesus stood | son of David, have still, and said, | still, and called |40 mercy on me. And Call ye him. And | them, | Jesus stood, and they call the blind | | commanded him to man, saying unto | | be brought unto him, Be of good | | him: cheer: rise, he | | 50 calleth thee. And | | he, casting away his| | and when he garment, sprang up, | | was come near, he and came to Jesus. | |41 asked him, What 51 And Jesus answered | | wilt thou I should him, and said, What | and said, What| do unto thee? And wilt thou that I | will ye that I | he said, Lord, should do unto thee?| should do unto you? | that I may receive And the blind man |33 They say unto him, |42 my sight. And said unto him, | Lord, that our eyes | Jesus said unto [1]Rabboni, that I |34 may be opened. And | him, Receive thy may receive my | Jesus, being moved | sight: thy faith 52 sight. And Jesus | with compassion, | hath [2]made thee said unto him, Go | touched their eyes: |43 whole. And thy way; thy faith | and straightway they| immediately he hath [2]made thee | received their | received his whole. And | sight, and followed | sight, and straightway he | him. | followed him, received his sight, | | glorifying God: and followed him in | | and all the the way. | | people, when they | | saw it, gave | | praise unto God.

[Footnote 1: See John 20:16.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _saved thee_.]

[Footnote a: Matthew mentions two blind men, while Mark and Luke describe one, probably the more conspicuous one.--The discrepancy as to place, "as he went out from Jericho," "as he drew nigh unto Jericho," is best explained by the recent suggestion that the healing occurred after he left the old Jericho, and as he was approaching the new Jericho which Herod the Great had built at some distance away. An older, and also possible explanation was that the blind men made application when he was approaching the city, but were not then healed, and only when he had left the city were they healed. (Comp. Matt. 15:23 ff., and Mark 8:22 f.)]

Sect. 127. JESUS VISITS ZACCHAEUS, AND SPEAKS THE PARABLE OF THE POUNDS,[a] AND SETS OUT FOR JERUSALEM

Jericho

Luke 19:1-28

1, 2 And he entered and was passing through Jericho. And behold, a man called by name Zacchaeus; and he was a chief publican, and he 3 was rich. And he sought to see Jesus who he was; and could not for 4 the crowd, because he was little of stature. And he ran on before, and climbed up into a sycomore tree to see him: for he was to pass 5 that way. And when Jesus came to the place, he looked up, and said unto him, Zacchaeus, make haste, and come down; for to-day I must 6 abide at thy house. And he made haste, and came down, and received 7 him joyfully. And when they saw it, they all murmured, saying, He 8 is gone in to lodge with a man that is a sinner. And Zacchaeus stood, and said unto the Lord, Behold, Lord, the half of my goods I give to the poor; and if I have wrongfully exacted aught of any 9 man, I restore fourfold [_see Ex. 22:1; Num. 5:6-7_]. And Jesus said unto him, To-day is salvation come to this house, forasmuch 10 as he also is a son of Abraham. For the Son of man came to seek and to save that which was lost [_Ezek. 34:16_]. 11 And as they heard these things, he added and spake a parable, because he was nigh to Jerusalem, and _because_ they supposed that 12 the kingdom of God was immediately to appear. He said therefore, A certain nobleman went into a far country, to receive for himself a 13 kingdom, and to return. And he called ten [1]servants of his, and gave them ten [2]pounds, and said unto them, Trade ye _herewith_ 14 till I come. But his citizens hated him, and sent an ambassage 15 after him, saying, We will not that this man reign over us. And it came to pass, when he was come back again, having received the kingdom, that he commanded these [1]servants, unto whom he had given the money, to be called to him, that he might know what they 16 had gained by trading. And the first came before him, saying, 17 Lord, thy pound hath made ten pounds more. And he said unto him, Well done, thou good [3]servant: because thou wast found faithful 18 in a very little, have thou authority over ten cities. And the 19 second came, saying, Thy pound, Lord, hath made five pounds. And 20 he said unto him also, Be thou also over five cities. And [4]another came, saying, Lord, behold, _here is_ thy pound, which 21 I kept laid up in a napkin: for I feared thee, because thou art an austere man: thou takest up that thou layedst not down, and 22 reapest that thou didst not sow. He saith unto him, Out of thine own mouth will I judge thee, thou wicked [3]servant. Thou knewest that I am an austere man, taking up that I laid not down, and 23 reaping that I did not sow; then wherefore gavest thou not my money into the bank, and [5]I at my coming should have required it 24 with interest? And he said unto them that stood by, Take away from 25 him the pound, and give it unto him that hath the ten pounds. And 26 they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds. I say unto you, that unto every one that hath shall be given; but from him that hath 27 not, even that which he hath shall be taken away from him. Howbeit these mine enemies, which would not that I should reign over them, bring hither, and slay them before me. 28 And when he had thus spoken, he went on before, going up to Jerusalem.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 2: _Mina_, here translated a pound, is equal to one hundred drachmas. See ch. 15:8.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _the other_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _I should have gone and required_.]

[Footnote a: The similar parable of the Talents was given several days later. See Sect. 139. On this first occasion the illustration has a specific design (ver. 11 f.), which will not appear on the second, _viz._, to check the wild enthusiasm of the multitude to make Jesus King in Jerusalem as they had once planned a year ago (John 6:15. Sect. 73).]

## PART XI

THE LAST PUBLIC MINISTRY IN JERUSALEM

_Friday before to Tuesday of Passion Week, Spring of A.D. 30 (or A.D. 29).[a] Just before Passover. Sects. 128a-138._

[Footnote a: If the feast of John 5:1 was a Passover, and so his ministry lasted over three years, then his death was pretty certainly in A.D. 30; otherwise in A.D. 29.]

Sect. 128a. JESUS ARRIVES AT BETHANY,[a] NEAR JERUSALEM

Friday afternoon

John 11:55 to 12:1, 9-11

55 Now the passover of the Jews was at hand: and many went up to Jerusalem out of the country before the passover, to purify 56 themselves. They sought therefore for Jesus, and spake one with another, as they stood in the temple, What think ye? That he will 57 not come to the feast? Now the chief priests and the Pharisees had given commandment, that, if any man knew where he was, he should shew it, that they might take him. 1 Jesus therefore six days before the passover came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, whom Jesus raised from the dead.[b] 9 The common people therefore of the Jews learned that he was there: and they came, not for Jesus' sake only, but that they might 10 see Lazarus also, whom he raised from the dead. But the chief 11 priests took counsel that they might put Lazarus also to death; because that by reason of him many of the Jews went away, and believed on Jesus.

[Footnote a: Compare former visits to this Bethany, Sects. 104, 118, and see also below, Sect. 141.]

[Footnote b: John (12:2-8) gives the supper in the house of Simon the leper at this stage, probably because it is the last mention of Bethany in his Gospel. It seems better to follow the order of Mark here in the location of the anointing of Jesus by Mary of Bethany.]

_In Sects. 128b-138 we have the Saviour's movements and teachings on Sunday, Monday and Tuesday--the close of his public ministry, except the little that he said during the Jewish and Roman trial. All of his teaching thereafter will be given to his disciples._

Sect. 128b. HIS TRIUMPHAL ENTRY INTO JERUSALEM AS THE MESSIAH[a]

From Bethany to Jerusalem and back (_Sunday_). A Day of Messianic Demonstration

Mark 11:1-11 |Matt. 21:1-11, |Luke 19:29-44 |John 12:12-19 | 14-17 | | 1 And when | 1 And when |29 And it came | they draw nigh| they drew nigh| to pass, when | unto | unto | he drew nigh | Jerusalem, | Jerusalem, and| unto Bethphage| unto Bethphage| came unto | and Bethany, | and Bethany, | Bethphage, | at the mount | at the mount | unto the mount| that is called| of Olives, he | of Olives, | _the mount_ of| sendeth two of| then Jesus | Olives, he | his disciples,| sent two | sent two of | 2 and saith unto| disciples, | the disciples,| them, Go your | 2 saying unto | saying, | way into the | them, Go into |30 Go | village that | the village | your way into | is over | that is over | the village | against you: | against you, | over against | and | and | _you_; in the | straightway as| straightway ye| which as ye | ye enter into | shall find an | enter ye shall| it, ye shall | ass tied, and | find a colt | find a colt | a colt with | tied, whereon | tied, whereon | her: | no man ever | no man ever | loose | yet sat: loose| yet sat; loose| _them_, and | him, and bring| him, and bring| bring _them_ |31 him. And if | 3 him. And if | 3 unto me. And | any one ask |12 On the any one say | if any one say| you, Why do ye| morrow [9]a unto you, Why | aught unto | loose him? | great do ye this? | you, ye shall | thus shall ye | multitude say ye, The | say, The Lord | say, The Lord | that had Lord hath need| hath need of | hath need of | come to the of him; and | them; and | him. | feast, when straightway | straightway he| | they heard he [2]will | will send | | that Jesus send him | them. | | was coming [3]back | | | to 4 hither. And | 6 And the |32 And they | Jerusalem, they went | disciples | that were sent|13 took the away, and | went, and did | went away, and| branches of found a colt | even as Jesus | found even as | the palm tied at the | appointed | he had said | trees, and door without | them, | unto them. | went forth in the open | | | to meet him, street; and | |33 And | and cried they loose | | as they were | out, 5 him. And | | loosing the | Hosanna: certain of | | | Blessed _is_ them that | | colt, the | he that stood there | | owners thereof| cometh in said unto | | said unto | the name of them, What do | | them, Why | the Lord, ye, loosing | | loose ye the | even the 6 the colt? And | |34 colt? And they| King of they said unto| | said, The Lord|14 Israel. And them even as | | hath need of | Jesus, Jesus had | | him. | having found said: and they| | | a young ass, let them go. | | | sat thereon; 7 And they bring| 7 and |35 And they | as it is the colt unto | brought the | brought him to| written, Jesus, and | ass, and the | Jesus: and |15 Fear not, cast on him | colt, and put | they threw | daughter of their | on them their | their garments| Zion: behold, garments; and | garments; and | upon the colt,| thy King he sat upon | he sat | and set Jesus | cometh, him. | 4 thereon. Now | thereon. | sitting on | this is come | | an ass's | to pass, that | |16 colt. These | it might be | | things | fulfilled | | understood | which was | | not his | spoken [1]by | | disciples at | the prophet | | first: but | [_see Isa. | | when Jesus | 62:11; Zech. | | was | 9:9_], saying:| | glorified, | 5 Tell ye the | | then | daughter | | remembered | of Zion, | | they that | Behold, thy | | these things | King | | were written | cometh | | of him, and | unto thee,| | that they | Meek, and | | had done | riding | | these things | upon an | | unto him. | ass, | |17 The | And upon a | | multitude | colt the | | therefore | foal of an| | that was | ass. | | with him | 8 And the most |36 And | when he | part of the | as he went, | called 8 And many | multitude | they spread | Lazarus out spread their | spread their | their garments| of the tomb, garments upon | garments in | in the way. | and raised the way; and | the way; and |37 And as he was | him from the others | others cut | now drawing | dead, bare [4]branches, | branches from | nigh, _even_ |18 witness. For which they had| the trees, and| at the descent| this cause cut from the | spread them in| of the mount | also the 9 fields. And | 9 the way. And | of Olives, the| multitude they that went| the multitudes| whole | went and met before, and | that went | multitude of | him, for they that | before him, | the disciples | that they followed, | and that | began to | heard that cried, | followed, | rejoice and | he had done Hosanna; | cried, saying,| praise God | this sign. Blessed _is_ | | with a loud |19 The he that cometh| | voice for all | Pharisees in the name | | the [5]mighty | therefore of the Lord | | works which | said among [_see Ps. | Hosanna to the| they had seen;| themselves, 118:25-26_]: | son of David: |38 saying, | [10]Behold 10 Blessed _is_ | Blessed _is_ | Blessed _is_ | how ye the kingdom | he that cometh| the King that | prevail that cometh, | in the name of| cometh in the | nothing: lo, _the kingdom_ | the Lord; | name of the | the world is of our father | | Lord: peace in| gone after David: Hosanna| Hosanna in the| heaven, and | him. in the | highest. | glory in the | highest. | | highest. | | |39 And some of the Pharisees | | from the multitude said unto | | him, [6]Master, rebuke thy | |40 disciples. And he answered and | | said, I tell you that, if these | | shall hold their peace, the | | stones will cry out. | |41 And when he drew nigh, he saw | | the city and wept over it, | |42 saying, [7]If thou hadst known | | in this day, even thou, the | | things which belong unto | | peace! but now they are hid | |43 from thine eyes. For the days | | shall come upon thee, when | | thine enemies shall cast up a | | [8]bank about thee, and | | compass thee round, and keep | |44 thee in on every side, and | | shall dash thee to the ground, | | and thy children within thee; | | and they shall not leave in | | thee one stone upon another; | | because thou knewest not the | | time of thy visitation [_see | | Ps. 139:9_].

|Matt. 21:1-11, 14-17 11 And he entered into Jerusalem,|10 And when he was come into | Jerusalem, all the city was | stirred, saying, Who is this? |11 And the multitudes said, This | is the prophet, Jesus, from |14 Nazareth of Galilee. And | the blind and lame came to | him in the temple: and he |15 healed them. But when the chief | priests and the scribes saw the | wonderful things that he did, | and the children that were into the temple; | crying in the temple and | saying, Hosanna to the son of | David; they were moved with |16 indignation, and said unto him, | Hearest thou what these are | saying? And Jesus saith unto | them, Yea: did ye never read | [_see Ps. 8:2_], Out of the and when | mouths of babes and sucklings he had looked round about upon |17 thou hast perfected praise? And all things, it being now | he left them, and went forth eventide, he went out unto | out of the city to Bethany, and Bethany with the twelve. | lodged there.

[Footnote 1: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _sendeth_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _again_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _layers of leaves_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _powers_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _O that thou hadst known_.]

[Footnote 8: Gr. _palisade_.]

[Footnote 9: Some ancient authorities read _the common people_.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _Ye behold_.]

[Footnote a: Jesus now makes a formal challenge to the Jerusalem leaders who have so long opposed his claims. This was a Day of Triumph that seemed to the excited crowds to mean the establishment of a political Messianic Kingdom.]

Sect. 129. THE BARREN FIG TREE CURSED, AND THE SECOND[a] CLEANSING OF THE TEMPLE. (COMP. SECT. 31)

Bethany and Jerusalem (_Monday_). A Day of Messianic Power

Mark 11:12-18 |Matt. 21:18, 19, |Luke 19:45-48 | 12, 13 | 12 And on the morrow,|18 Now in the morning| when they were come | as he returned to | out from Bethany, he| the city, he | 13 hungered. And seeing|19 hungered. And seeing| a fig tree afar off | [1]a fig tree by the| having leaves, he | way side, | came, if haply he | | might find anything | | thereon: and when he| he came to it,| came to it, he found| and found nothing | nothing but leaves; | thereon, but leaves | for it was not the | only; | 14 season of figs. And | | he answered and said| and he saith | unto it, No man eat | unto it, Let there | fruit from thee | be no fruit from | henceforward for | thee henceforward | ever. And his | for ever. | disciples heard it. | | 15 And they come to |12 And Jesus entered |45 And he entered Jerusalem: and he | into the temple | into the temple, entered into the | [2]of God, | temple, and began to| | cast out them that | and cast | and began to cast sold and them that | out all them that | out them that bought in the | sold and bought in | sold, temple, and | the temple, and | overthrew the tables| overthrew the tables| of the | of the | money-changers, and | money-changers, and | the seats of them | the seats of them | that sold the doves;| that sold the doves;| 16 and he would not | | suffer that any man | | should carry a | | vessel through the | |46 saying unto 17 temple. And he | | them, It is taught, and said | | written [_see Isa. unto them, Is it not|13 and he saith unto | 56:7; Jer. 7:11_], written, My house | them, It is written,| And my house shall shall be called a | My house shall be | be a house of house of prayer for | called a house of | prayer: but ye all the nations? but| prayer: | have made it a den ye have made it a | but ye make | of robbers. 18 den of robbers. And | it a den of robbers.|47 And he was the chief priests | | teaching daily in and the scribes | | the temple. But heard it, and sought| | the chief priests how they might | | and the scribes destroy him: for | | and the principal they feared him, for| | men of the people all the multitude | | sought to destroy was astonished at | |48 him: and they his teaching. | | could not find | | what they might | | do; for the people | | all hung upon him, | | listening.

[Footnote 1: Or, _a single_.]

[Footnote 2: Many ancient authorities omit _of God_.]

[Footnote a: Once more at the close of the Ministry in Jerusalem, as at the beginning, Jesus asserts his authority over the Temple as the Messiah. In both instances his authority is sharply challenged by the Jewish rulers.]

Sect. 130. THE DESIRE OF SOME GREEKS TO SEE JESUS PUZZLES THE DISCIPLES AND LEADS JESUS IN AGITATION OF SOUL TO INTERPRET LIFE AND DEATH AS SACRIFICE AND TO SHOW HOW BY BEING "LIFTED UP" HE WILL DRAW ALL MEN TO HIM

Jerusalem (_Monday_)

John 12:20-50

20 Now there were certain Greeks among those that went up to worship 21 at the feast: these therefore came to Philip, which was of Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, Sir, we would see 22 Jesus. Philip cometh and telleth Andrew: Andrew cometh, and 23 Philip, and they tell Jesus. And Jesus answereth them, saying, The 24 hour is come, that the Son of man should be glorified. Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except a grain of wheat fall into the earth and die, it abideth by itself alone; but if it die, it 25 beareth much fruit. He that loveth his [1]life loseth it; and he that hateth his [1]life in this world shall keep it unto life 26 eternal. If any man serve me, let him follow me; and where I am, there shall also my servant be: if any man serve me, him will the 27 Father honour. Now is my soul troubled; and what shall I say [_see Ps. 42:6_]? Father, save me from this [2]hour. But for this cause 28 came I unto this hour. Father, glorify thy name. There came therefore a voice out of heaven, _saying_, I have both glorified 29 it, and will glorify it again. The multitude therefore, that stood by, and heard it, said that it had thundered: others said, An 30 angel hath spoken to him. Jesus answered and said, This voice hath 31 not come for my sake, but for your sakes. Now is [3]the judgement 32 of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out. And I, if I be lifted up [4]from the earth, will draw all men unto 33 myself. But this he said, signifying by what manner of death he 34 should die. The multitude therefore answered him, We have heard out of the law that the Christ abideth for ever: and how sayest thou, The Son of man must be lifted up? who is this Son of man? 35 Jesus therefore said unto them, Yet a little while is the light [5]among you. Walk while ye have the light, that darkness overtake you not: and he that walketh in the darkness knoweth not whither 36 he goeth. While ye have the light, believe on the light, that ye may become sons of light. These things spake Jesus, and he departed and [6]hid himself from 37 them. But though he had done so many signs before them, yet they 38 believed not[a] on him: that the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled [_see Isa. 53:1_], which he spake, Lord, who hath believed our report? And to whom hath the arm of the Lord been revealed? 39 For this cause they could not believe, for that Isaiah said again, 40 He hath blinded their eyes, and he hardened their heart; Lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, And should turn, And I should heal them. 41 These things said Isaiah [_see Isa. 6:1, 10_], because he saw his 42 glory; and he spake of him. Nevertheless even of the rulers many believed on him; but because of the Pharisees they did not confess 43 [7]it, lest they should be put out of the synagogue: for they loved the glory of men more than the glory of God. 44 And Jesus cried and said, He that believeth on me, believeth not 45 on me, but on him that sent me. And he that beholdeth me beholdeth 46 him that sent me. I am come a light into the world, that whosoever 47 believeth on me may not abide in the darkness. And if any man hear my sayings, and keep them not, I judge him not: for I came not to 48 judge the world, but to save the world. He that rejecteth me, and receiveth not my sayings, hath one that judgeth him: the word that 49 I spake, the same shall judge him in the last day. For I spake not from myself; but the Father which sent me, he hath given me a 50 commandment, what I should say, and what I should speak. And I know that his commandment is life eternal: the things therefore which I speak, even as the Father hath said unto me, so I speak.

[Footnote 1: Or, _soul_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _hour?_]

[Footnote 3: Or, _a judgement_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _out of_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _in_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _was hidden from them_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _him_.]

[Footnote a: The rejection of Jesus by the Jews is clearly set forth by John's Gospel. The Pharisees made many timid and afraid.]

Sect. 131. THE BARREN FIG TREE FOUND TO HAVE WITHERED

On the way from Bethany to Jerusalem. (_Tuesday_[a])

Mark 11:19-25 |Matt. 21:19-22 |Luke 21:37, 38 | | 19 And [1]every | |37 And every day he evening [2]he went | | was teaching in forth out of the | | the temple; and 20 city. And as they |19 And immediately | every night he passed by in the | the fig tree | went out, and morning, they saw |20 withered away. And | lodged in the the fig tree | when the disciples | mount that is withered away from | saw it, they | called _the mount_ 21 the roots. And Peter| marvelled, saying, |38 of Olives. And all calling to | How did the fig tree| the people came remembrance saith | immediately wither | early in the unto him, Rabbi, |21 away? And Jesus | morning to him in behold, the fig tree| answered and said | the temple, to which thou cursedst | unto them, Verily I | hear him. is withered away. | say unto you, If ye | 22 And Jesus answering | have faith, and | saith unto them, | doubt not, ye shall | Have faith in God. | not only do what is | 23 Verily I say unto | done to the fig | you, Whosoever shall| tree, but even if ye| say unto this | shall say unto this | mountain, Be thou | mountain, Be thou | taken up and cast | taken up and cast | into the sea; and |22 into the sea, it | shall not doubt in | shall be done. And | his heart, but shall| all things, | believe that what he| whatsoever ye shall | saith cometh to | ask in prayer, | pass; he shall have | believing, ye shall | 24 it. Therefore I say | receive. | unto you, All | | things whatsoever ye pray and ask for, believe that ye have 25 received them, and ye shall have them. And whensoever ye stand praying, forgive, if ye have aught against any one; that your Father also which is in heaven may forgive you your trespasses.[3]

[Footnote 1: Gr. _whenever evening came_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _they_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities add ver. 26 _But if ye do not forgive, neither will your Father which is in heaven forgive your trespasses._]

[Footnote a: The Synoptic Gospels give more details of the teaching of Jesus on this Tuesday in the Temple and on the Mount of Olives than for any other single day. We had another Busy Day in Galilee (Sects. 61-66).]

Sect. 132. THE RULERS (SANHEDRIN) FORMALLY CHALLENGE[a] THE AUTHORITY OF JESUS AS AN ACCREDITED TEACHER (RABBI)

_Jesus bases His human authority on John the Baptist, His Forerunner who baptized him, and demands the Sanhedrin's opinion of the Baptism of John. This pertinent counter-question paralyzes the Jewish leaders and Jesus drives His argument home by three parables. (a) Parable of the Two Sons. (b) Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen. (c) Parable of the Marriage Feast of the King's Son._

In the court of the Temple. (_Tuesday_[b]) A Day of Controversy

Mark 11:27-12:12 |Matt. 21:23-22:14 |Luke 20:1-19 | | | | 1 And it came to | | pass, on one of | | the days, as he 27 And they come |23 And when he was | was teaching the again to Jerusalem: | come into the | people in the and as he was | temple, the chief | temple, and walking in the | priests and the | preaching the temple, there come | elders of the people| gospel, there came to him the chief | came unto him as he | upon him the chief priests, and the | was teaching, and | priests and the scribes, and the | said, By what | scribes with the 28 elders; and they | authority doest thou| 2 elders; and they said unto him, By | these things? and | spake, saying unto what authority doest| who gave thee this | him, Tell us: By thou these things? |24 authority? And Jesus| what authority or who gave thee | answered and said | doest thou these this authority to do| unto them, I also | things? or who is 29 these things? And | will ask you one | he that gave thee Jesus said unto | [1]question, which | this authority? them, I will ask of | if ye tell me, I | 3 And he answered you one [1]question,| likewise will tell | and said unto and answer me, and I| you by what | them, I also will will tell you by | authority I do these| ask you a what authority I do |25 things. The baptism | [1]question; and 30 these things. The | of John, whence was | 4 tell me: The baptism of John, was| it? from heaven or | baptism of John, it from heaven, or | from men? And they | was it from from men? answer me.| reasoned with | heaven, or from 31 And they reasoned | themselves, saying, | 5 men? And they with themselves, | If we shall say, | reasoned with saying, If we shall | From heaven; he will| themselves, say, From heaven; he| say unto us, Why | saying, If we will say, Why then | then did ye not | shall say, From did ye not believe |26 believe him? But if | heaven; he will 32 him? [7]But should | we shall say, From | say, Why did ye we say, From | men; we fear the | not believe him? men--they feared the| multitude; for all | 6 But if we shall people: [8]for all | hold John as a | say, From men; all verily held John to |27 prophet. And they | the people will 33 be a prophet. And | answered Jesus, and | stone us: for they they answered Jesus | said, We know not. | be persuaded that and say, We know | He also said unto | John was a not. And Jesus saith| them, Neither tell | 7 prophet. And they unto them, Neither | I you by what | answered, that tell I you by what | authority I do these| they knew not authority I do these| things. | whence _it was_. things. | | 8 And Jesus said | | unto them, Neither | | tell I you by what | | authority I do | | these things. |28 But what think ye? | | A man had two sons; | and he came to the first, and said, [2]Son, go work to-day in the 29 vineyard. And he answered and said, I will not: but afterward he 30 repented himself, and went. And he came to the second, and said likewise. And he answered and said, I _go_, sir: and went not. 31 Whether of the twain did the will of his father? They say, The first. Jesus saith unto them, Verily I say unto you, that the publicans and the harlots go into the kingdom of God before you. 32 For John came unto you in the way of righteousness, and ye believed him not: but the publicans and the harlots believed him: and ye, when ye saw it, did not even repent yourselves afterward, that ye | might believe him. | 1 And he began to |33 Hear another | 9 And he began to speak unto them in | parable: There was | speak unto the parables. A man | a man that was a | people this planted a vineyard, | householder, which | parable [_see Isa. and set a hedge | planted a vineyard, | 5:1-2_]: A man about it, and digged| and set a hedge | planted a a pit for the | about it, and digged| vineyard, and let winepress, and built| a winepress in it, | it out to a tower, and let it | and built a tower, | husbandmen, and out to husbandmen, | and let it out to | went into another and went into | husbandmen, and went| country for a long 2 another country. And| into another |10 time. And at the at the season he |34 country. And when | season he sent sent to the | the season of the | unto the husbandmen a | fruits drew near, he| husbandmen a [9]servant, that he | sent his [3]servants| [9]servant, that might receive from | to the husbandmen, | they should give the husbandmen of | to receive [4]his | him of the fruit the fruits of the |35 fruits. And the | of the vineyard: 3 vineyard. And they | husbandmen took his | but the husbandmen took him, and beat | [3]servants, and | beat him, and sent him, and sent him | beat one, and killed| him away empty. 4 away empty. And | another, and stoned |11 And he sent yet again he sent unto |36 another. Again, he | another them another | sent other | [9]servant: and [9]servant; and him | [3]servants more | him also they they wounded in the | than the first: and | beat, and handled head, and handled | they did unto him in| him shamefully, shamefully. | like manner. | and sent him away | |12 empty. And he sent 5 And he | | yet a third: and sent another; and | | him also they him they killed: and| | wounded, and cast many others; beating| |13 him forth. And the some, and killing | | Lord of the some. | | vineyard said, 6 He had yet |37 But | What shall I do? I one, a beloved son: | afterward he sent | will send my he sent him last | unto them his son, | beloved son: it unto them, saying, | saying, They will | may be they will They will reverence | reverence my son. | reverence him. my son. |38 But the husbandmen, |14 But when 7 But those | when they saw the | the husbandmen saw husbandmen said | son, said among | him, they reasoned among themselves, | themselves, | one with another, This is the heir; | This is the heir; | saying, This is come, let us kill | come, let us kill | the heir: let us him, and the | him, and take his | kill him, that the inheritance shall be| inheritance. | inheritance may be 8 ours. And they took |39 And |15 ours. And they him, and killed him,| they took him, and | cast him forth out and cast him forth | cast him forth out | of the vineyard, out of the vineyard.| of the vineyard, and| and killed him. 9 What therefore will |40 killed him. When | What therefore the lord of the | therefore the lord | will the lord of vineyard do? | of the vineyard | the vineyard do | shall come, what | unto them? | will he do unto | | those husbandmen? | |41 They say unto him, | he will | He will miserably |16 He will come and destroy the| destroy those | come and destroy husbandmen, and will| miserable men, and | these husbandmen, give the vineyard | will let out the | and will give the unto others. | vineyard unto other | vineyard unto | husbandmen, which | others. And when | shall render him the| they heard it, | fruits in their | they said, [10]God |42 seasons. Jesus saith|17 forbid. But he 10 Have ye | unto them, Did ye | looked upon them, not read even this | never read in the | and said, What scripture; | scriptures [_see Ps.| then is this that | 118:22-23_], | is written [_see The stone which | The stone which | Ps. 118:22_], the builders | the builders | The stone which rejected, | rejected, | the builders The same was made | The same was made | rejected, the head of the | the head of the | The same was corner: | corner: | made the head 11 This was from the | This was from the | of the corner? Lord, | Lord, | And it is | And it is | marvellous in | marvellous in | our eyes? | our eyes? | |43 Therefore say I unto| | you, The kingdom of | | God shall be taken | | away from you, and | | shall be given to a | | nation bringing | | forth the fruits | |44 thereof. [5]And he |18 Every one that | that falleth on this| falleth on that | stone shall be | stone shall be | broken to pieces; | broken to pieces; | but on whomsoever it| but on whomsoever | shall fall, it will | it shall fall, it | scatter him as dust.| will scatter him |45 And when the chief | as dust [_see Isa. | and the Pharisees | 8:14-15_]. | heard his parables, | | they perceived that |19 And the scribes | he spake of them. | and the chief 12 And they sought to |46 And when they sought| priests sought to lay hold on him; and| to lay hold on him, | lay hands on him they feared the | they feared the | in that very hour; multitude; for they | multitudes, | and they feared perceived that he | | the people: for spake the parable | | they perceived against them: and | because | that he spake this they left him, and | they took him for a | parable against went away. | prophet. | them. | 1 And Jesus answered| 2 and spake again in parables unto them, saying, The kingdom of heaven is likened unto a certain king, which made a marriage 3 feast for his son, and sent forth his [3]servants to call them that were bidden to the marriage feast: and they would not come. 4 Again he sent forth other [3]servants, saying, Tell them that are bidden, Behold, I have made ready my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come to the 5 marriage feast. But they made light of it, and went their ways, 6 one to his own farm, another to his merchandise: and the rest laid hold on his [3]servants, and entreated them shamefully, and killed 7 them. But the king was wroth; and he sent his armies, and 8 destroyed those murderers, and burned their city. Then saith he to his [3]servants, The wedding is ready, but they that were bidden 9 were not worthy. Go ye therefore unto the partings of the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage feast. 10 And those [3]servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the 11 wedding was filled with guests. But when the king came in to behold the guests, he saw there a man which had not on a 12 wedding-garment: and he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in 13 hither not having a wedding-garment? And he was speechless. Then the king said to the [6]servants, Bind him hand and foot, and cast him out into the outer darkness; there shall be the weeping and 14 gnashing of teeth. For many are called, but few chosen.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _word_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _Child_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _the fruits of it_.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities omit ver. 44.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _ministers_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _But shall we say, From men?_]

[Footnote 8: Or, _for all held John to be a prophet indeed_.]

[Footnote 9: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 10: Gr. _Be it not so._]

[Footnote a: It was very common to test a Rabbi with hard questions. See this continued in the following sections. In like manner the Fourth Gospel gave us much animated dialogue between Jesus and the Jews at Jerusalem in chap. 5, and chap. 7-10. The Sanhedrin were within their rights in challenging the ecclesiastical and scholastic (scribal) standing of Jesus. He did not dodge in his answer.]

[Footnote b: On this last day of Christ's public ministry the Sanhedrin seek to break the power of Jesus with the people whose hero he is since the Triumphal Entry. The first attempt fails miserably, but it is followed by a series of other efforts to entrap Jesus and so turn the crowd against him. The three parables leave the rulers exposed by Jesus and they keenly feel the denunciation of the reply of Jesus.]

Sect. 133. THE PHARISEES AND THE HERODIANS TRY TO ENSNARE JESUS ABOUT PAYING TRIBUTE TO CAESAR

Mark 12:13-17 |Matt. 22:15-22 |Luke 20:20-26 | | | |20 And they watched | | him, and sent | | forth spies, which | | feigned themselves | | to be righteous, 13 And they send unto|15 Then went the | that they might him certain of the | Pharisees, and took | take hold of his Pharisees and of the| counsel how they | speech, so as to Herodians, that they| might ensnare him in| deliver him up to might catch him in |16 _his_ talk. And they| the rule and to talk. | send to him their | the authority of 14 And when they | disciples,[a] with |21 the governor. And were come, they say | the Herodians, | they asked him, unto him, [1]Master,| saying, [1]Master, | saying, [1]Master, we know that thou | we know that thou | we know that thou art true, | art true, and | sayest and | teachest the way of | teachest rightly, and carest | God in truth, and | and acceptest not not for any one: for| carest not for any | the person _of thou regardest not | one: for thou | any_, but of a the person of men, | regardest not the | truth teachest the but of a truth |17 person of men. Tell | way of God [_see teachest the way of | us therefore, What | John 3:2_]: God: Is it lawful to| | give tribute unto | thinkest thou? Is it|22 Is it Caesar, or not? | lawful to give | lawful for us to 15 Shall we give, or | tribute unto Caesar,| give tribute unto shall we not give? |18 or not? But Jesus |23 Caesar, or not? But But he, knowing | perceived their | he perceived their their hypocrisy, | wickedness, and | craftiness, and said unto them, Why | said, Why tempt ye | said unto them, tempt ye me? bring | me, ye hypocrites? |24 Shew me a me a [2]penny, that |19 Shew me the tribute | [2]penny. 16 I may see it. And | money. And they | they brought it. And| brought unto him a | he saith unto them, |20 [2]penny. And he | Whose Whose is this image | saith unto them, | image and and superscription? | Whose is this image | superscription And they said unto | and superscription? | hath it? And they 17 him, Caesar's. And |21 They say unto him, |25 said, Caesar's. And Jesus said unto | Caesar's. Then saith| he said unto them, them, Render unto | he unto them, Render| Then render unto Caesar the things | therefore unto | Caesar the things that are Caesar's, | Caesar the things | that are Caesar's, and unto God the | that are Caesar's; | and unto God the things that are | and unto God the | things that are God's. | things that are |26 God's. And they | God's. | were not able to | | take hold of the |22 And when | saying before the And they | they heard it, they | people: and they marvelled greatly | marvelled, and left | marvelled at his at him. | him, and went their | answer, and held | way. | their peace.

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 2: See marginal note on Matt. 18:28.]

[Footnote a: The Pharisees send a group of their keenest students to go with the Herodians to catch Jesus with the dilemma about paying tribute to Caesar, a live question in current politics and theology. They offered Jesus the alternative of popular disfavor or of disloyalty to the Roman government.]

Sect. 134. THE SADDUCEES ASK HIM A PUZZLING QUESTION[a] ABOUT THE RESURRECTION

In the Court of the Temple. (_Tuesday_)

Mark 12:18-27 |Matt. 22:23-33 |Luke 20:27-40 | | | |27 And there came to |23 On that day there | him certain of the 18 And there come | came to him | Sadducees, they unto him Sadducees, | Sadducees, [1]which | which say that which say that there| say that there is no| there is no is no resurrection; | resurrection: and |28 resurrection; and and they asked him, | they asked him, | they asked him, 19 saying, [2]Master, |24 saying, [2]Master, | saying, [2]Master, Moses wrote unto us,| Moses said, | Moses wrote unto | | us [_see Gen. | | 38:8; Deut. | | 25:5-6_], that if If a man's brother | | a man's brother die, and leave a | If a man | die, having a wife behind him, and| die, having no | wife, and he be leave no child, that| children, his | childless, his his brother should | brother [3]shall | brother should take his wife, and | marry his wife, and | take the wife, and raise up seed unto | raise up seed unto | raise up seed unto his brother. |25 his brother. Now |29 his brother. There 20 There | there were with us | were therefore were seven brethren:| seven brethren: and | seven brethren: and the first took a| the first married | and the first took wife, and dying left| and deceased, and | a wife, and died 21 no seed; and the | having no seed left |30 childless; and the second took her, and| his wife unto his |31 second; and the died, leaving no |26 brother; in like | third took her; seed behind him; and| manner the second | and likewise the the third likewise: | also, and the third,| seven also left no 22 and the seven left | unto the [4]seventh.| children, and no seed. Last of all|27 And after them all |32 died. Afterward the woman also died.| the woman died. | the woman also |28 In |33 died. In the 23 In the resurrection | the resurrection | resurrection whose wife shall she| therefore whose wife| therefore whose be of them? for the | shall she be of the | wife of them shall seven had her to | seven? for they all | she be? for the 24 wife. Jesus said |29 had her. But Jesus | seven had her to unto them, Is it not| answered and said |34 wife. And Jesus for this cause that | unto them, Ye do | said unto them, The ye err, that ye know| err, not knowing the| sons of this not the scriptures, | scriptures, nor the | [6]world marry, and nor the power of | power of God. | are given in God? | |35 marriage: but | | they that are | | accounted worthy | | to attain that | | [6]world, and the 25 For when they |30 For in | resurrection from shall rise from the | the resurrection | the dead, neither dead, they neither | they neither marry, | marry, nor are marry, nor are given| nor are given in | given in marriage: in marriage; but are| marriage, but are as|36 for neither can | | they die any more: | | for they are equal as angels in heaven.| angels[5] in heaven.| unto the angels; | | and are sons of | | God, being sons of | | the resurrection. 26 But as touching the |31 But as touching the |37 But that the dead dead, that they are | resurrection of the | are raised, even raised; have ye not | dead, have ye not | Moses shewed in read in the book of | read that which was | _the place Moses, in _the place| spoken unto you by | concerning_ the concerning_ the | God, saying, | Bush, when he Bush, how God spake | | calleth the Lord unto him, saying, I |32 I am | the God of _am_ the God of | the God of Abraham, | Abraham, and the Abraham, and the God| and the God of | God of Isaac, and of Isaac, and the | Isaac, and the God | the God of Jacob 27 God of Jacob? He is | of Jacob? God is not| [_see Ex. 3:6_]. not the God of the | _the God_ of the |38 Now he is not the dead, but of the | dead, but of the | God of the dead, living: ye do |33 living. And when the| but of the living: greatly err. | multitudes heard it,| for all live unto | they were astonished|39 him. And certain | at his teaching. | of the scribes | | answering said, | | [2]Master, thou | | hast well said. | |40 For they durst not | | any more ask him | | any question.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _saying_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _shall perform the duty of a husband's brother to his wife_. Compare Deut. 25:5.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _seven_.]

[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities add _of God_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _age_.]

[Footnote a: Probably a stock conundrum that the Sadducees had often propounded to the discomfort of the Pharisees.]

Sect. 135. THE PHARISEES REJOICE OVER THE ROUT OF THE SADDUCEES AND A PHARISAIC LAWYER ASKS JESUS A LEGAL QUESTION

In the Court of the Temple. (_Tuesday_)

Mark 12:28-34 |Matt. 22:34-40 | 28 And one of the scribes came, |34 But the Pharisees, when they and heard them questioning | heard that he had put the together, and knowing that he | Sadducees to silence, gathered had answered them well, asked |35 themselves together. And one of him, | them, a lawyer, asked him a | question, tempting him, What commandment is the |36 [1]Master, which is the great first of all [_see Deut. 6:4_]?|37 commandment in the law? And he 29 Jesus answered, The first is, | said unto him, Hear, O Israel; [3]The Lord our| God [_see Deut. 6:4_], the Lord| 30 is one: and thou shalt love the| Thou shalt love Lord thy God [4]with all thy | the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and [4]with all thy | heart, and with all thy soul, soul, and [4]with all thy mind,|38 and with all thy mind. This is and [4]with all thy strength | the great and first 31 [_see Deut. 6:5_]. The second |39 commandment. [2]And a second is this, Thou shalt love thy | like _unto it_ is this, Thou neighbor as thyself [_see Lev. | shalt love thy neighbour as 19:18_]. There is none other |40 thyself. On these two commandment greater than these.| commandments hangeth the whole 32 And the scribe said unto him, | law, and the prophets. Of a truth, [1]Master, thou | 33 hast well said that he is one; and there is none other but he: and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is much more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices [_see 1 34 Sam. 15:22_]. And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not far from the kingdom of God. And no man after that durst ask him any question.

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _And a second is like unto it, Thou shalt love etc._]

[Footnote 3: Or, _The Lord is our God; the Lord is one._]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _from_.]

Sect. 136. JESUS, TO THE JOY OF THE MULTITUDE, SILENCES HIS ENEMIES BY THE PERTINENT QUESTION OF THE MESSIAH'S DESCENT FROM DAVID AND LORDSHIP OVER DAVID

In the Court of the Temple. (_Tuesday_)

Mark 12:35-37 |Matt. 22:41-46 |Luke 20:41-44 | | |41 Now while the | | Pharisees were | | gathered together, | 35 And Jesus answered| Jesus asked them a |41 And he said unto and said, as he |42 question, saying, | them, How say they taught in the | What think ye of the| that the Christ is temple, How say the | Christ? whose son is| David's son? scribes that the | he? They say unto | Christ is the son of| him, _The son_ of | David? |43 David. He saith unto| 36 David himself | them, How then doth |42 For said in the Holy | David in the Spirit | David himself Spirit, [_see Ps. | call him Lord, | saith in the book 110:1_], | saying, | of Psalms, The Lord said unto|44 The Lord said unto| The Lord said my Lord, | my Lord, | unto my Lord, Sit thou on my | Sit thou on my | Sit thou on my right hand, | right hand, | right hand, Till I make thine | Till I put thine |43 Till I make enemies [1]the | enemies | thine enemies footstool of thy| underneath thy | the footstool feet. | feet? | of thy feet. 37 David himself |45 If David then |44 David therefore calleth him Lord; | calleth him Lord, | calleth him Lord, and whence is he his| how is he his son? | and how is he his son? |46 And no one was able | son? And [2]the common | to answer him a | people heard him | word, neither durst | gladly. | any man from that | | day forth ask him | | any more questions. |

[Footnote 1: Some ancient authorities read _underneath thy feet_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _the great multitude_.]

Sect. 137. IN HIS LAST PUBLIC DISCOURSE, JESUS SOLEMNLY DENOUNCES[a] THE SCRIBES AND PHARISEES (COMP. SECT. 107)

In the Court of the Temple. (_Tuesday_)

Mark 12:38-40 |Matt. 23:1-39 |Luke 20:45-47 | | | 1 Then spake Jesus |45 And in the | to the multitudes | hearing of all the 38 And in his | and to his | people he said unto teaching he said, | disciples, saying, | his disciples, Beware of the | 2 The scribes and the |46 Beware of the scribes, | Pharisees sit on | scribes, | 3 Moses' seat: all | | things therefore | | whatsoever they bid | | you, _these_ do and | | observe: but do not | | ye after their | | works; for they say,| | 4 and do not. Yea, | | they bind heavy | | burdens [1]and | | grievous to be | | borne, and lay them | | on men's shoulders; | | but they themselves | | will not move them | | with their finger. | | 5 But all their works | | they do for to be | | seen of men [_see | | Ex. 13:9; Num. | | 15:38-39; Deut. 6:8;| | 11:18_]: for they | | make broad their | | phylacteries, and | which | enlarge the borders | which desire to walk in | _of their garments_,| desire to walk in long robes, and _to | 6 and love the chief | long robes, and have_ salutations in| place at feasts, and| love salutations in the marketplaces, | the chief seats in | the marketplaces, 39 and chief seats in | 7 the synagogues, and | and chief seats in the synagogues, and | the salutations in | the synagogues, and chief places at | the marketplaces, | chief places at feasts: | and to be called of | feasts; | 8 men, Rabbi. But be | not ye called Rabbi: for one is your teacher, and all ye are 9 brethren. And call no man your father on the earth: for one is your 10 Father, [2]which is in heaven. Neither be ye called masters: for 11 one is your master, _even_ the Christ. But he that is [3]greatest 12 among you shall be your [4]servant. And whosoever shall exalt himself shall be humbled; and whosoever shall humble himself shall be exalted. 13 But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! because ye shut the kingdom of heaven [5]against men: for ye enter not in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering in to enter.[6] | | 40 they which | |47 which devour widows' | | devour widows' houses, [12]and for | | houses, and for a a pretence make long| | pretence make long prayers; these shall| | prayers: these receive greater | | shall receive condemnation. | | greater | | condemnation. | | 15 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte; and when he is become so, ye make him twofold more a son of [7]hell than yourselves. 16 Woe unto you, ye blind guides, which say, Whosoever shall swear by the [8]temple, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the 17 gold of the [8]temple, he is [9]a debtor. Ye fools and blind: for whether is greater, the gold, or the [8]temple that hath 18 sanctified the gold? And, Whosoever shall swear by the altar, it is nothing; but whosoever shall swear by the gift that is upon it, 19 he is [9]a debtor. Ye blind: for whether is greater, the gift, or 20 the altar that sanctifieth the gift? He therefore that sweareth by 21 the altar, sweareth by it, and by all things thereon. And he that sweareth by the [8]temple, sweareth by it, and by him that 22 dwelleth therein. And he that sweareth by the heaven, sweareth by the throne of God, and by him that sitteth thereon. 23 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye tithe mint and [10]anise and cummin [_see Lev. 27:30; Mic. 6:8_], and have left undone the weightier matters of the law, judgement, and mercy, and faith: but these ye ought to have done, and not to have 24 left the other undone. Ye blind guides, which strain out the gnat, and swallow the camel. 25 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye cleanse the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are 26 full from extortion and excess. Thou blind Pharisee, cleanse first the inside of the cup and of the platter, that the outside thereof may become clean also. 27 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which outwardly appear beautiful, but inwardly are full of dead men's bones, and of all uncleanness. 28 Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but inwardly ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity. 29 Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye build the sepulchres of the prophets, and garnish the tombs of the 30 righteous, and say, If we had been in the days of our fathers, we should not have been partakers with them in the blood of the 31 prophets. Wherefore ye witness to yourselves, that ye are sons of 32 them that slew the prophets. Fill ye up then the measure of your 33 fathers. Ye serpents, ye offspring of vipers, how shall ye escape 34 the judgement of [7]hell? Therefore, behold, I send unto you prophets, and wise men, and scribes: some of them shall ye kill and crucify; and some of them shall ye scourge in your synagogues, 35 and persecute from city to city: that upon you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of Abel the righteous unto the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom ye slew between the sanctuary and the altar [_see Gen. 4:8; 2 Chron. 36 24:20-21_]. Verily I say unto you, All these things shall come upon this generation. 37 O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, which killeth the prophets, and stoneth them that are sent unto her! how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her 38 wings, and ye would not! Behold, your house is left unto you 39 [11]desolate [_see Jer. 12:7; 22:5_]. For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed _is_ he that cometh in the name of the Lord [_see Ps. 118:26_].

[Footnote 1: Many ancient authorities omit _and grievous to be borne_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _the heavenly_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _greater_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _minister_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _before_.]

[Footnote 6: Some authorities insert here, or after ver. 12, ver. 14, _Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, even while for a pretence ye make long prayers: therefore ye shall receive greater condemnation._ See Mark 12:40, Luke 20:47, above.]

[Footnote 7: Gr. _Gehenna_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _sanctuary_: as in ver. 35.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _bound_ by his oath.]

[Footnote 10: Or, _dill_.]

[Footnote 11: Some ancient authorities omit _desolate_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _even while for a pretence they make_.]

[Footnote a: Jesus has been criticized for lack of self-control in this exposure of the hypocrisy of the Pharisees. One must bear in mind the tremendous sins of which the Pharisees are guilty. The very teachers of righteousness are now in the act of rejecting and finally crucifying the Son of God. See my book, _The Pharisees and Jesus_, for full discussion.]

Sect. 138. JESUS CLOSELY OBSERVES[a] THE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE TEMPLE, AND COMMENDS THE POOR WIDOW'S GIFT

(_Tuesday_)

Mark 12:41-44 |Luke 21:1-4 | 41 And he sat down over against | the treasury, and beheld how | the multitude cast [1]money | 1 And he looked up, [3]and saw into the treasury: and many | the rich men that were casting that were rich cast in much. | their gifts into the treasury. 42 And there came [2]a poor widow,| 2 And he saw a certain poor widow and she cast in two mites, | casting in thither two mites. 43 which make a farthing. And he | called unto him his disciples, | and said unto them, Verily I | 3 And he said, Of a truth I say say unto you, This poor widow | unto you, This poor widow cast cast in more than all they | 4 in more than they all: for all which are casting into the | these did of their superfluity 44 treasury: for they all did cast| cast in unto the gifts: but she in of their superfluity; but | of her want did cast in all the she of her want did cast in all| living that she had. that she had, _even_ all her | living. |

[Footnote 1: Gr. _brass_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _one_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _and saw them that ... treasury, and they were rich._]

[Footnote a: Notice that this was the last occurrence in the Saviour's public ministry, except the trial and the crucifixion. This is the last appearance of Jesus in the Temple. His public teaching is over save the words of defence in his trial and the seven sayings on the Cross. The Pharisees and Sadducees had withdrawn in terror at the explosion of the wrath of Jesus and even the disciples were at some distance as Jesus sat alone by the treasury. It is useless further to plead with his enemies. The task now remains to get the disciples prepared for the Master's death and the time is short and they as yet have completely failed to grasp the fact or the significance of his death and the promise of his resurrection on the third day.]

## PART XII

IN THE SHADOW WITH JESUS

_Tuesday afternoon to Thursday night of Passion Week, A.D. 30 (or 29). Jerusalem._

_Sects. 139-152. Jesus now seeks to prepare the disciples for the tragedy of His death and for carrying on His work after His departure._

Sect. 139. SITTING ON THE MOUNT OF OLIVES, JESUS SPEAKS TO HIS DISCIPLES ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM, AND HIS OWN SECOND COMING, IN APOCALYPTIC LANGUAGE. THE GREAT ESCHATOLOGICAL DISCOURSE[a]

(_Tuesday Afternoon_)

[Footnote a: This great discourse has as its background the death of Christ. Further on as part punishment for this crime lies the destruction of Jerusalem. This catastrophe is itself a symbol of the end of the world and in one sense a coming of Christ in power and judgment. But Christ boldly predicts his own personal return to earth, though the time is not revealed. But he does exhort an expectant attitude toward the promises of his coming and readiness for his return which will be at an unexpected hour. Jesus employs the common Jewish apocalyptic imagery to portray this most difficult subject. Some scholars insist that Jesus was himself merely a wild enthusiast who was carried away by the Messianic hopes of his people, but that is a one-sided and distorted view of Christ's life and ignores the great mass of his ethical teaching. It forgets also that Jesus has a world program of conquest and of power. The various aspects of the discourse are not kept distinct. Some think that the Gospels have misunderstood or misrepresented Jesus in this discourse. But we can catch the general drift of the teaching and leave alone minute details of time and place against which Jesus himself warned us.]

|Mark 13:1-37 |Matt. 24 and 25 |Luke 21:5-36 | | | _1 Occasion | 1 And as he | 1 And Jesus | of the | went forth out | went out from | Prophecy | of the temple, | the temple, and| 5 And as some about the | one of his | was going on | spake of the Destruction | disciples saith| his way; and | temple, how it of the | unto him, | his disciples | was adorned Temple._ | [18]Master, | came to him to | with goodly | behold, what | shew him the | stones and | manner of | buildings of | offerings, he | stones and what| 2 the temple. But| 6 said, As for | manner of | he answered and| these things | 2 buildings! And | said unto them,| which ye | Jesus said unto| See ye not all | behold, the | him, Seest thou| these things? | days will | these great | verily I say | come, in which | buildings? | unto you, There| there shall | there shall not| shall not be | not be left | be left here | left here one | here one stone | one stone upon | stone upon | upon another, | another, which | another, that | that shall not | shall not be | shall not be | be thrown | thrown down. | thrown down. | down. _2 Inquiry | 3 And as he sat| 3 And as he sat| for Further | on the mount of| on the mount of| Light from | Olives over | Olives, | Peter and | against the | the | James and | temple, Peter | disciples came | John and | and James and | unto him | 7 And they Andrew on | John and Andrew| privately, | asked him, Christ's | asked him | saying, Tell | saying, Second | 4 privately, Tell| us, when shall | [18]Master, Coming and | us, when shall | these things | when therefore the End of | these things | be? and what | shall these the World._ | be? and what | _shall be_ the | things be? and | _shall be_ the | sign of thy | what _shall be_ | sign when these| [1]coming, and | the sign when | things are all | of [2]the end | these things | about to be | of the world? | are about to | accomplished? | 4 And Jesus | 8 come to pass? | 5 And Jesus began| answered and | | to say unto | said unto them,| And he said, | them, Take heed| Take heed that | Take heed that | that no man | no man lead you| ye be not led | lead you | astray. | astray: for | astray. | 5 For | many shall | 6 Many | many shall come| come in my | shall come in | in my name, | name, saying, | my name, | saying, I am | I am _he_; | saying, I am | the Christ; and| and, The time | _he_; and shall| shall lead many| is at hand: go | lead many | 6 astray. And ye | ye not after | 7 astray. And | shall hear of | 9 them. And when | when ye shall | wars and | ye shall hear | hear of wars | rumours of | of wars and | rumours of | wars: see that | tumults, be | wars, be not | ye be not | not terrified: | troubled: | troubled: for | for these | _these things_ | _these things_ | things must | must needs come| must needs come| needs come to | to pass; but | to pass; but | pass first; | the end is not | the end is not | but the end is | yet. | yet. | not | | | immediately. | | |10 Then said he | | | unto them, | 8 For nation| 7 For nation| Nation shall | shall rise | shall rise | rise against | against nation,| against nation,| nation, and | and kingdom | and kingdom | kingdom | against | against | against | kingdom: there | kingdom: and |11 kingdom: and | shall be | there shall be | there shall be | earthquakes in | famines and | great | divers places; | earthquakes in | earthquakes, | there shall be | divers places. | and in divers | famines: these | But all these | places famines | things are the | things are the | and | beginning of | beginning of | pestilences; | travail [_see | travail. | and there | Isa. 19:2_]. | | shall be | | | terrors and | | | great signs | | | from heaven. | | | | 9 But take ye | |12 But before | heed to | | all these | yourselves: for| 9 Then shall | things, they | they shall | they deliver | shall lay their | deliver you up | you up unto | hands on you, | to councils; | tribulation, | and shall | | and shall kill | persecute you, | and in | you: and ye | delivering you | synagogues | | up to the | shall ye be | | synagogues and | beaten; and | | prisons, | before | | [22]bringing | governors and | shall be hated | you before | kings shall ye | of all the | kings and | stand for my | nations for my | governors for | sake, for a | name's sake. | my name's | testimony unto | |13 sake. It shall |10 them. And the | | turn unto you | gospel must | | for a | first be | | testimony. | preached unto | | | all the | | |11 nations. And | | | when they lead | |14 Settle it | you _to | | therefore in | judgement_, and| | your hearts, | deliver you up,| | not to | be not anxious | | meditate | beforehand what| | beforehand how | ye shall speak:| |15 to answer: for | but whatsoever | | I will give | shall be given | | you a mouth | you in that | | and wisdom, | hour, that | | which all your | speak ye: for | | adversaries | it is not ye | | shall not be | that speak, but| | able to | the Holy Ghost.| | withstand or |12 And brother |10 And then shall | to gainsay. | shall deliver | many stumble, |16 But ye shall | up brother to | and shall | be delivered | death, and the | deliver up one | up even by | father his | another, and | parents, and | child; and | shall hate one | brethren, and | children shall |11 another. And | kinsfolk, and | rise up against| many false | friends; and | parents, and | prophets shall | _some_ of you | [19]cause them | arise, and | [23]shall they | to be put to | shall lead many| cause to be | death [_see |12 astray. And | put to death. | Micah 7:6_]. | because |17 And ye shall |13 And ye shall be| iniquity shall | be hated of | hated of all | be multiplied, | all men for my | men for my | the love of the| name's sake. | name's sake: | many shall wax |18 And not a hair | but he that |13 cold. But he | of your head | endureth to the| that endureth | shall perish. | end, the same | to the end, the|19 In your | shall be saved.| same shall be | patience ye | |14 saved. And | shall win your | | [3]this gospel | [24]souls. | | of the kingdom | | | shall be | | | preached in the| | | whole [4]world | | | for a testimony| | | unto all the | | | nations; and | | | then shall the | | | end come. | _3 Sign of |14 But when ye |15 When | the | see the | therefore ye | Destruction | abomination of | see the | of | desolation | abomination of | Jerusalem._ | standing where | desolation, | | he ought not | which was | | | spoken of [5]by| | | Daniel the | | | prophet [_see | | | Dan. 9:27; | | | 11:31; 12:11_],| | | standing in | | | [6]the holy | | (let him that | place (let him | | readeth | that readeth | | understand), | understand), | | | |20 But when ye | | | see Jerusalem | | | compassed | | | with armies, | | | then know that | | | her desolation | | | is at hand. | then let them |16 then let them |21 Then let them | that are in | that are in | that are in | Judea flee unto| Judea flee unto| Judea flee | the mountains: | the mountains: | unto the |15 and let him |17 let him that is| mountains; and | that is on the | on the housetop| let them that | housetop not go| not go down to | are in the | down, nor enter| take out the | midst of her | in, to take | things that are| depart out; | anything out of| in his house: | and let not |16 his house: and |18 and let him | them that are | let him that is| that is in the | in the country | in the field | field not | enter therein. | not return back| return back to | | to take his | take his cloke.| | cloke. | |22 For these are | | | days of | | | vengeance, that | | | all things | | | which are | | | written may be |17 But woe unto |19 But woe unto |23 fulfilled. Woe | them that are | them that are | unto them that | with child and | with child and | are with child | to them that | to them that | and to them | give suck in | give suck in | that give suck |18 those days! And|20 those days! And| in those days! | pray ye that it| pray ye that | | be not in the | your flight be | |19 winter. For | not in the | | those days | winter, neither| | shall be | on a sabbath: | | tribulation, |21 for then shall | | such as there | be great | | hath not been | tribulation, | | the like from | such as hath | | the beginning | not been from | | of the creation| the beginning | | which God | of the world | | created until | until now, no, | | now, and never | nor ever shall | |20 shall be. And | be [_see Dan. | | except the Lord|22 12:1_]. And | | had shortened | except those | | the days, no | days had been | | flesh would | shortened, no | | have been | flesh would | | saved: but for | have been | | the elect's | saved: but for | | sake, whom he | the elect's | | chose, he | sake those days| | shortened the | shall be | | days. | shortened. | | | | for there | | | shall be great | | | distress upon | | | the [25]land, | | | and wrath unto | | | this people. | | |24 And they shall | | | fall by the | | | edge of the | | | sword, and | | | shall be led | | | captive into | | | all nations: | | | and Jerusalem | | | shall be | | | trodden down | | | of the | | | Gentiles, | | | until the | | | times of the | | | Gentiles be | | | fulfilled. _4. False |21 And then if any|23 Then if any man| Christs and | man shall say | shall say unto | the Second | unto you, Lo, | you, Lo, here | Coming._ | here is the | is the Christ, | | Christ; or, Lo,| or, Here; | | there; believe | believe [7]_it_| | [7]_it_ not: |24 not. For there | |22 for there shall| shall arise | | arise false | false Christs, | | Christs and | and false | | false prophets,| prophets, and | | and shall shew | shall shew | | signs and | great signs and| | wonders, that | wonders; so as | | they may lead | to lead astray,| | astray, if | if possible, | | possible, the | even the elect | |23 elect. But take| [_see Deut. | | ye heed: |25 13:1_]. Behold,| | behold, I have | I have told you| | told you all |26 beforehand. If | | things | therefore they | | beforehand. | shall say unto | | | you, Behold, he| | | is in the | | | wilderness; go | | | not forth: | | | Behold, he is | | | in the inner | | | chambers; | | | believe [8]it | | |27 not. For as the| | | lightning | | | cometh forth | | | from the east, | | | and is seen | | | even unto the | | | west; so shall | | | be the | | | [1]coming of | | | the Son of man.| | |28 Wheresoever the| | | carcase is, | | | there will the | | | [9]eagles be | | | gathered | | | together. | | | | |24 But in those |29 But | | days, after | immediately, | | that | after the | | tribulation, | tribulation of |25 And there | the sun shall | those days, the| shall be signs | be darkened, | sun shall be | in the sun and | and the moon | darkened, and | moon and | shall not give | the moon shall | stars; and |25 her light, and | not give her | upon the earth | the stars shall| light, and the | distress of | be falling from| stars shall | nations, in | heaven, | fall from | perplexity for | | heaven, | the roaring of | | | the sea and | | | the billows; | | |26 men | | | [26]fainting | | | for fear, and | | | for | | | expectation of | | | the things | | | which are | | | coming on | and the | | [27]the world: | powers that are| and the | for the powers | in the heavens | powers of the | of the heavens | shall be | heavens shall | shall be | shaken. |30 be shaken: and | shaken [_see | | and then shall | Isa. 13:9-10; | | appear the sign| Ezek. 32:7-8; | | of the Son of | Joel 2:1-2, | | man in heaven | 10-11, 30-31; | | [_see Zech. | Amos 8:9; | | 12:12_]: and | Zeph. | | then shall all | 1:14-16_]. | | the tribes of | | | the earth | | | mourn, and they|27 And then shall |26 And then shall | shall see the | they see the | they see the | Son of man | Son of man | Son of man | coming on the | coming in a | coming in | clouds of | cloud with | clouds with | heaven with | power and | great power and| power and great| great glory. |27 glory. And then|31 glory. And he | [_see Dan. | shall he send | shall send | 7:13-14 | forth the | forth his | (Septuagint)_]. | angels, and | angels [10]with| | shall gather | [11]a great | | together his | sound of a | | elect from the | trumpet, and | | four winds, | they shall | | from the | gather together| | uttermost part | his elect from | | of the earth to| the four winds,| | the uttermost | from one end of| | part of heaven.| heaven to the | | | other. | | | |28 But when these | | | things begin | | | to come to | | | pass, look up, | | | and lift up | | | your heads; | | | because your | | | redemption | | | draweth nigh. | | | [_see Deut. | | | 30:4 | | | (Septuagint); | | | Isa. 27:12-13; | | | Zech. 2:6 | | | (Septuagint)_] _Parable of |28 Now from the |32 Now from the |29 And he spake the Fig | fig tree learn | fig tree learn | to them a Tree._ | her parable: | her parable: | parable: | when her branch| when her branch| Behold the fig | is now become | is now become | tree, and all | tender, and | tender, and |30 trees: when | putteth forth | putteth forth | they now shoot | its leaves, ye | its leaves, ye | forth, ye see | know that the | know that the | it and know of | summer is nigh;| summer is nigh;| your own selves |29 even so ye |33 even so ye | that the | also, when ye | also, when ye | summer is now | see these | see all these |31 nigh. Even so | things coming | things, know ye| ye also, when | to pass, know | that [12]he is | ye see these | ye that [12]he | nigh, _even_ at| things coming | is nigh, _even_| the doors. | to pass, know | at the doors. |34 Verily I say | ye that the |30 Verily I say | unto you, This | kingdom of God | unto you, This | generation | is nigh. | generation | shall not pass |32 Verily I say | shall not pass | away, till all | unto you, This | away, until all| these things be| generation | these things be| accomplished. | shall not pass | accomplished. |35 Heaven and | away, till all |31 Heaven and | earth shall | things be | earth shall | pass away, but | accomplished. | pass away: but | my words shall |33 Heaven and | my words shall | not pass away. | earth shall | not pass away. |36 But of that day| pass away: but |32 But of that day| and hour | my words shall | or that hour | knoweth no one,| not pass away. | knoweth no one,| not even the | | not even the | angels of | | angels in | heaven, | | heaven, neither| [13]neither the| | the Son, but | Son, but the | | the Father. | Father only. | | |37 And as _were_ | | | the days of | Noah, so shall be the [1]coming of the Son of man [_see Gen. 38 6:11-13; 7:7, 21-23_]. For as in those days which were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in 39 marriage, until the day that Noah entered into the ark, and they knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall be 40 the [1]coming of the Son of man. Then shall two men be in the 41 field; one is taken, and one is left: two women _shall be_ | | grinding at the| | | mill; one is | | | taken, and one | | | is left. | _5 Readiness|33 Take ye heed, | |34 But take heed urged by | watch [20]and | | to yourselves, Series of | pray: for ye | | lest haply Parables._ | know not when | | your hearts be | the time is. | | overcharged |34 _It is_ as | | with | _when_ a man, | | surfeiting, and | sojourning in | | drunkenness, | another | | and cares of | country, having| | this life, and | left his house,| | that day come | and given | | on you | authority to | | suddenly as a | his | |35 snare: for | [21]servants, | | _so_ shall it | to each one his| | come upon all | work, commanded| | them that _Parable of | also the porter| | dwell on the the Porter_ |35 to watch. Watch|42 Watch | face of all | therefore: for | therefore: for |36 the earth. But | ye know not | ye know not on | watch ye at | when the lord | what day your | every season, | of the house | Lord cometh. | making | cometh, whether| | supplication, | at even, or at | | that ye may | midnight, or at| | prevail to | cockcrowing, or| | escape all | in the morning;| | these things |36 lest coming | | that shall | suddenly he | | come to pass, | find you | | and to stand |37 sleeping. And |43 [14]But know | before the Son _Parable of | what I say unto| this, that if | of man. the Master of| you I say unto | the master of | the House._ | all, Watch. | the house had | | | known in what | | | watch the thief| | was coming, he would have watched, and would not have | suffered his house to be [15]broken through. |44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in an hour that ye _Parable of |45 think not the Son of man cometh. Who then is the the Faithful | faithful and wise [16]servant, whom his lord hath Servant and | set over his household, to give them their food in of the Evil |46 due season? Blessed is that [16]servant, whom his Servant._ |47 lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Verily I | say unto you, that he will set him over all that he |48 hath. But if that evil [16]servant shall say in his |49 heart, My lord tarrieth; and shall begin to beat his | fellow-servants, and shall eat and drink with the |50 drunken; the lord of that [16]servant shall come in | a day when he expecteth not, and in an hour when he |51 knoweth not, and shall [17]cut him asunder, and | appoint his portion with the hypocrites: there shall | be the weeping and gnashing of teeth.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _presence_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _the consummation of the age_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _these good tidings_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _inhabited earth_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _a holy place_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _him_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _them_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _vultures_.]

[Footnote 10: Many ancient authorities read _with a great trumpet, and they shall gather &c._]

[Footnote 11: Or, _a trumpet of great sound_.]

[Footnote 12: Or, _it_.]

[Footnote 13: Many authorities, some ancient, omit _neither the Son_.]

[Footnote 14: Or, _But this ye know._]

[Footnote 15: Gr. _digged through_.]

[Footnote 16: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 17: Or, _severely scourge him_.]

[Footnote 18: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 19: Or, _put them to death_.]

[Footnote 20: Some ancient authorities omit _and pray_.]

[Footnote 21: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 22: Gr. you _being brought_.]

[Footnote 23: Or, _shall they put to death_.]

[Footnote 24: Or, _lives_.]

[Footnote 25: Or, _earth_.]

[Footnote 26: Or, _expiring_.]

[Footnote 27: Gr. _the inhabited earth_.]

|Matt. chap. 25 _Parable of | 1 Then shall the kingdom of heaven be likened unto the Ten | ten virgins, which took their [1]lamps, and went Virgins._ | 2 forth to meet the bridegroom. And five of them were | 3 foolish, and five were wise. For the foolish, when | 4 they took their [1]lamps, took no oil with them: but | the wise took oil in their vessels with their | 5 [1]lamps. Now while the bridegroom tarried, they all | 6 slumbered and slept. But at midnight there is a cry, | Behold, the bridegroom! Come ye forth to meet him. | 7 Then all those virgins arose, and trimmed their | 8 [1]lamps. And the foolish said unto the wise, Give | 9 us of your oil; for our [1]lamps are going out. But | the wise answered, saying, Peradventure there will | not be enough for us and you: go ye rather to them |10 that sell, and buy for yourselves. And while they | went away to buy, the bridegroom came; and they that | were ready went in with him to the marriage feast: |11 and the door was shut. Afterward, come also the |12 other virgins, saying, Lord, Lord, open to us. But | he answered and said, Verily I say unto you, I know |13 you not. Watch therefore, for ye know not the day | nor the hour. _Parable of |14 For _it is_ as _when_ a man, going into another the Talents._| country, called his own [2]servants, and delivered |15 unto them his goods. And unto one he gave five | talents, to another two, to another one; to each | according to his several ability; and he went on his |16 journey. Straightway he that received the five | talents went and traded with them, and made other |17 five talents. In like manner he also that _received_ |18 the two gained other two. But he that received the | one went away and digged in the earth, and hid his |19 lord's money. Now after a long time the lord of | those [2]servants cometh, and maketh a reckoning with |20 them. And he that received the five talents came and | brought other five talents, saying, Lord, thou | deliveredst unto me five talents: lo, I have gained |21 other five talents. His lord said unto him, Well | done, good and faithful [3]servant: thou hast been | faithful over a few things, I will set thee over | many things: enter thou into the joy of thy lord. |22 And he also that _received_ the two talents came and | said, Lord, thou deliveredst unto me two talents: |23 lo, I have gained other two talents. His lord said | unto him, Well done, good and faithful [3]servant; | thou hast been faithful over a few things, I will | set thee over many things: enter thou into the joy |24 of thy lord. And he also that had received the one | talent came and said, Lord, I knew thee that thou | art a hard man, reaping where thou didst not sow, |25 and gathering where thou didst not scatter: and I | was afraid, and went away and hid thy talent in the |26 earth: lo, thou hast thine own. But his lord | answered and said unto him, Thou wicked and slothful | [3]servant, thou knewest that I reap where I sowed |27 not, and gather where I did not scatter; thou | oughtest therefore to have put my money to the | bankers, and at my coming I should have received |28 back mine own with interest. Take ye away therefore | the talent from him, and give it unto him that hath |29 the ten talents. For unto every one that hath shall | be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him | that hath not, even that which he hath shall be |30 taken away. And cast ye out the unprofitable | [3]servant into the outer darkness: there shall be | the weeping and gnashing of teeth. _6 Picture |31 But when the Son of man shall come in his glory, of the | and all the angels with him [_see Zech. 14:5_], then Judgment |32 shall he sit on the throne of his glory: and before with Parable | him shall be gathered all the nations: and he shall of the Sheep | separate them one from another, as the shepherd and the |33 separateth the sheep from the [4]goats; and he shall Goats._ | set the sheep on his right hand, but the [4]goats on |34 the left. Then shall the King say unto them on his | right hand, Come, ye blessed of my Father, inherit | the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of |35 the world: for I was an hungred, and ye gave me | meat: I was thirsty, and ye gave me drink: I was a |36 stranger, and ye took me in; naked, and ye clothed | me: I was sick, and ye visited me: I was in prison, |37 and ye came unto me. Then shall the righteous answer | him, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an hungred, and |38 fed thee? or athirst, and gave thee drink? And when | saw we thee a stranger, and took thee in? or naked, |39 and clothed thee? And when saw we thee sick, or in |40 prison, and came unto thee? And the King shall | answer and say unto them, Verily I say unto you, | Inasmuch as ye did it unto one of these my brethren, |41 _even_ these least, ye did it unto me. Then shall he | say also unto them on the left hand, [5]Depart from | me, ye cursed, into the eternal fire which is |42 prepared for the devil and his angels: for I was an | hungred, and ye gave me no meat: I was thirsty, and |43 ye gave me no drink: I was a stranger, and ye took | me not in; naked, and ye clothed me not; sick, and |44 in prison, and ye visited me not. Then shall they | also answer, saying, Lord, when saw we thee an | hungred, or athirst, or a stranger, or naked, or | sick, or in prison, and did not minister unto thee? |45 Then shall he answer them, saying, Verily I say unto | you, Inasmuch as ye did it not unto one of these |46 least, ye did it not unto me. And these shall go | away into eternal punishment: but the righteous into | eternal life [_see Dan. 12:2_].

[Footnote 1: Or, _torches_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _bondservants_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 4: Gr. _kids_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _Depart from me under a curse._]

Sect. 140. JESUS PREDICTS HIS CRUCIFIXION TWO DAYS HENCE (JEWISH FRIDAY)

Probably at Bethany on Tuesday evening (beginning of Jewish Wednesday). The Rulers in Jerusalem plot His death

Mark 14:1-2 |Matt. 26:1-5 |Luke 22:1-2 | | 1 Now after two days| 1 And it came to | 1 Now the feast of was _the feast of_ | pass, when Jesus had| unleavened bread the passover and the| finished all these | drew nigh, which unleavened bread: | words, he said unto | is called the | 2 his disciples, Ye | Passover. | know that after two | | days the passover | | cometh, and the Son | | of man is delivered | | up to be crucified. | | 3 Then were gathered | 2 And the and the chief | together the chief | chief priests and priests and the | priests, and the | | elders of the | | people, unto the | | court of the high | | priest, who was | | 4 called Caiaphas; and| scribes sought how | they took counsel | they might take him | together that they | the scribes sought with subtilty, and | might take Jesus by | how they might put 2 kill him: for they | subtilty, and kill | him to death; for said, Not during the| 5 him. But they said, | feast, lest haply | Not during the | there shall be a | feast, lest a tumult| tumult of the | arise among the | they feared the people. | people. | people.

Sect. 141. AT THE FEAST IN THE HOUSE OF SIMON THE LEPER MARY OF BETHANY ANOINTS JESUS FOR HIS BURIAL

At Bethany (Tuesday evening, Jewish Wednesday)

Mark 14:3-9 |Matt. 26:6-13 |John 12:2-8 | | 3 And while he was | 6 Now when Jesus was| 2 So they made him in Bethany in the | in Bethany, in the | a supper there: and house of Simon the | house of Simon the | Martha served; but leper, as he sat at | leper, | Lazarus was one of meat, there came a | 7 there came | them that sat at woman having [1]an | unto him a woman | meat with him. alabaster cruse of | having [1]an | 3 Mary[a] therefore ointment of | alabaster cruse of | took a pound of [2]spikenard very | exceeding | ointment of costly; _and_ she | precious ointment, | [2]spikenard, very brake the cruse, and| and she poured it | precious, and poured it over his | upon his head, as he| anointed the feet 4 head. But there were| 8 sat at meat. But | of Jesus, and some that had | when the disciples | wiped his feet indignation among | saw it, they had | with her hair: and themselves, | indignation, saying,| the house was _saying_, To what | To what purpose is | filled with the purpose hath this | | odour of the waste of the | | 4 ointment. But ointment been made? | | Judas Iscariot, 5 For this ointment | 9 this waste? For this| one of his might have been sold| _ointment_ might | disciples, which for above three | have been sold for | should betray him, hundred [3]pence, | much, | 5 saith, Why was not and given to the | and given to the| this ointment sold poor. And they |10 poor. But Jesus | for three hundred murmured against | perceiving it said | [3]pence, and 6 her. But Jesus said,| unto them, Why | given to the poor? Let her alone; why | trouble ye the | 6 Now this he said, trouble ye her? she | woman? for she hath | not because he hath wrought a good | wrought a good work | cared for the 7 work on me. For ye |11 upon me. For ye have| poor; but because have the poor always| the poor always with| he was a thief, with you, and | you; | and having the whensoever ye will | | [4]bag [5]took ye can do them good:| but me you have | away what was put but me ye have not |12 not always. For in | 7 therein. Jesus 8 always. She hath | that she poured this| therefore said, done what she could:| ointment upon my | [6]Suffer her to she hath anointed my| body, she did it to | keep it against body aforehand for | prepare me for | the day of my 9 the burying. And |13 burial. Verily I | 8 burying. For the verily I say unto | say unto you, | poor ye have you, Wheresoever the| Wheresoever this | always with you; gospel shall be | gospel shall be | but me ye have not preached throughout | preached in the | always. the whole world, | whole world, that | that also which this| also which this | woman hath done | woman hath done | shall be spoken of | shall be spoken of | for a memorial of | for a memorial of | her. | her. |

[Footnote 1: Or, _a flask_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _pistic nard_, pistic being perhaps a local name. Some take it to mean _genuine_; others, _liquid_.]

[Footnote 3: The word in the Greek denotes a coin worth about seventeen cents.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _box_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _carried what was put therein_.]

[Footnote 6: Or, _Let her alone:_ it was _that she might keep it_.]

[Footnote a: This anointing has nothing in common with that given by Luke (Sect. 59), except the fact of a woman anointing the Saviour's feet, and the name Simon, which was common. The former was in Galilee, this is at Bethany near Jerusalem. There the host despised the woman who anointed, here her brother is one of the guests, and her sister an active attendant. There the woman was "a sinner," a notoriously bad woman, here it is the devout Mary who "sat at the Lord's feet and heard his word" months before (Sect. 104). There the host thought strange that Jesus allowed her to touch him, here the disciples complain of the waste. There the Saviour gave assurance of forgiveness, here of perpetual and world-wide honor. Especially notice that here the woman who anoints is anticipating his speedy death and burial, of which at the former time he had never distinctly spoken. In view of all these differences it is absurd to represent the two anointings as the same, and outrageous on such slender ground to cast reproach on Mary of Bethany.]

Sect. 142. JUDAS, STUNG BY THE REBUKE OF JESUS AT THE FEAST, BARGAINS WITH THE RULERS TO BETRAY JESUS

Tuesday Night in Jerusalem

Mark 14:10-11 |Matt. 26:14-16 |Luke 22:3-6 | | 10 And Judas |14 Then one of the | 3 And Satan entered Iscariot, [1]he | twelve, who was | into Judas who was that was one of the | called Judas | called Iscariot, twelve, went away | Iscariot, | being of the | | number of the | | 4 twelve. And he | went unto | went away, and unto the chief | the chief priests, | communed with the priests, | and said, | chief priests and that he | | captains, how he might deliver him | | might deliver him unto them. | | unto them. |15 What are | | ye willing to give | | me, and I will | | deliver him unto | | you? | 11 And they, | And they | 5 And when they heard it, | weighed unto him | they were glad, were glad, and | thirty pieces of | and covenanted to promised to give him| silver [_see Zech. | give him money. money. |16 11:12_]. And from | 6 And he consented, And he sought | that time he sought | and sought how he might | opportunity to | opportunity to conveniently deliver| deliver him _unto | deliver him unto him _unto them_. | them_. | them [2]in the | | absence of the | | multitude.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _the one of the twelve_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _without tumult_.]

Sect. 143. THE PREPARATION FOR THE PASCHAL MEAL AT THE HOME OF A FRIEND (POSSIBLY THAT OF JOHN MARK'S FATHER AND MOTHER)

Jerusalem, Thursday[a] afternoon. (A Day of Preparation)

Mark 14:12-16 |Matt. 26:17-19 |Luke 22:7-13 | | 12 And on the first |17 Now on the first | 7 And the day of day of unleavened | _day_ of unleavened | unleavened bread bread, when they | bread the disciples | came, on which the sacrificed the | came to Jesus, | passover must be passover, his | saying, | sacrificed. disciples say unto | | him, Where wilt thou| Where wilt | that we go and make | thou that we make | ready that thou | ready for thee to | mayest eat the | eat the passover? | passover [_see Ex. | And he said, | 13 12:18-20_]? And he | | 8 And he sendeth two of his | | sent Peter and disciples, and saith| | John, saying, Go unto them, | | and make ready for | | us the passover, | | that we may eat. | | 9 And they said unto | | him, Where wilt | | thou that we make | |10 ready? And he said | | unto them, Behold, | | when ye are Go into |18 Go into | entered into the the city, and there | the city to such a | city, there shall shall meet you a man| man, and say unto | meet you a man bearing a pitcher of| him, | bearing a pitcher water: follow him; | | of water; follow | | him into the house 14 and wheresoever he | | whereinto he | |11 goeth. And ye shall enter in, say | | shall say unto the to the goodman of | | goodman of the the house, The | | house, The [1]Master saith, | | [1]Master saith | The [1]Master | unto thee, Where Where is my | saith, My time is at| is the guest-chamber, where| hand; I keep the | guest-chamber, I shall eat the | passover at thy | where I shall eat passover with my | house with my | the passover with 15 disciples? And he | disciples. |12 my disciples? And will himself shew | | he will shew you a you a large upper | | large upper room room furnished _and_| | ready: and there | | furnished: there make ready for us. | | make ready. 16 And the disciples |19 And the |13 And went forth, and came| disciples did as | they went, and into the city, and | Jesus appointed | found as he had found as he had said| them; | said unto them: unto them: and they | | and they made made ready the | and they made | ready the passover. | ready the passover. | passover.

[Footnote 1: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote a: Wednesday (A Day of Rest) was apparently spent with the disciples in retirement in Bethany. Thursday was spent wholly with the disciples till the arrest in Gethsemane after midnight.]

Sect. 144. JESUS PARTAKES OF THE PASCHAL MEAL WITH THE TWELVE APOSTLES AND REBUKES THEIR JEALOUSY

Jerusalem, Thursday evening after sunset (beginning of Jewish Friday)

Mark 14:17 |Matt. 26:20 |Luke 22:14-16, 24-30 | | 17 And when it was |20 Now when even was |14 And when the hour evening he cometh | come, he was sitting| was come, he sat with the twelve. | at meat with the | down, and the | twelve [1]disciples;| apostles with him. | |15 And he said unto | | them, With desire I have desired to eat this passover[a] with you before I suffer: 16 for I say unto you, I will not eat it, until it be fulfilled in the kingdom of God. 24 And there arose also a contention among them, which of them is 25 accounted to be [2]greatest. And he said unto them, The kings of the Gentiles have lordship over them; and they that have authority 26 over them are called Benefactors. But ye _shall_ not _be_ so: but he that is the greater among you, let him become as the younger; 27 and he that is chief, as he that doth serve. For whether is greater, he that [3]sitteth at meat, or he that serveth? is not he that [3]sitteth at meat? but I am in the midst of you as he that 28 serveth. But ye are they which have continued with me in my 29 temptations; and [4]I appoint unto you a kingdom, even as my 30 Father appointed unto me, that ye may eat and drink at my table in my kingdom; and ye shall sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

[Footnote 1: Many authorities, some ancient, omit _disciples_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _greater_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _reclineth_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _I appoint unto you, even as my Father appointed unto me a kingdom, that ye may eat and drink etc._]

[Footnote a: Some regard certain expressions in the Gospel of John as showing that Jesus did not eat the Paschal meal, thus hopelessly contradicting the other Gospels. But no one of John's expressions shows what is supposed, and one of them really indicates the contrary. See note at end of volume. Matthew, Mark, and Luke clearly show that he did eat the regular Passover meal.]

Sect. 145. DURING THE PASCHAL MEAL, JESUS WASHES THE FEET OF HIS DISCIPLES

Evening before the Crucifixion (our Thursday, Jewish Friday)

John 13:1-20

1 Now before[a] the feast of the passover, Jesus knowing that his hour was come that he should depart out of this world unto the Father, having loved his own which were in the world, he loved 2 them [1]unto the end. And during supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon's _son_, to betray 3 him, _Jesus_, knowing that the Father had given all things into his hands, and that he came forth from God, and goeth unto God, 4 riseth from supper, and layeth aside his garments; and he took a 5 towel, and girded himself. Then he poureth water into the bason, and began to wash the disciples' feet, and to wipe them with the 6 towel wherewith he was girded. So he cometh to Simon Peter. He 7 saith unto him, Lord, dost thou wash my feet? Jesus answered and said unto him, What I do thou knowest not now; but thou shalt 8 understand hereafter. Peter saith unto him, Thou shalt never wash my feet. Jesus answered him, If I wash thee not, thou hast no part 9 with me. Simon Peter saith unto him, Lord, not my feet only, but 10 also my hands and my head. Jesus saith to him, He that is bathed needeth not [2]save to wash his feet, but is clean every whit: and 11 ye are clean, but not all. For he knew him that should betray him; therefore said he, Ye are not all clean. 12 So when he had washed their feet, and taken his garments, and [3]sat down again, he said unto them, Know ye what I have done to 13 you? Ye call me, [4]Master, and, Lord: and ye say well; for so I 14 am. If I then, the Lord and the [4]Master, have washed your feet, 15 ye also ought to wash one another's feet. For I have given you an 16 example, that ye also should do as I have done to you. Verily, verily, I say unto you, A [5]servant is not greater than his lord; 17 neither [6]one that is sent greater than he that sent him. If ye 18 know these things, blessed are ye if ye do them. I speak not of you all: I know whom I [7]have chosen: but that the scripture may be fulfilled, He that eateth [8]my bread lifted up his heel 19 against me [_see Ps. 41:9_]. From henceforth I tell you before it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe that 20 [9]I am _he_. Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that receiveth whomsoever I send receiveth me; and he that receiveth me receiveth him that sent me.

[Footnote 1: Or, _to the uttermost_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities omit _save_, and _his feet_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _reclined_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _Teacher_.]

[Footnote 5: Gr. _bondservant_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _an apostle_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _chose_.]

[Footnote 8: Many ancient authorities read _his bread with me_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _I am_.]

[Footnote a: It is needlessly inferred that John by this expression means that it was a full day before the passover meal. In fact, the words in verse 2 "during supper" rather imply that "before passover" was just before the meal began.]

Sect. 146. AT THE PASCHAL MEAL JESUS POINTS OUT JUDAS AS THE BETRAYER

Thursday evening (Jewish Friday)

Mark 14:18-21 |Matt. 26:21-25 |Luke 22:21-23 |John 13:21-30 | | | 18 And as they| |21 But behold,|21 When Jesus had [2]sat and |21 and as they | the hand of | thus said, he were eating, | were eating, | him that | was troubled in Jesus said, | he said, | betrayeth me | the spirit, and Verily I say | Verily I say | is with me on| testified, and unto you, One| unto you, | the table. | said, Verily, of you shall | that one of |22 For the Son | verily, I say betray me, | you shall | of man indeed| unto you, that _even_ he | betray me. | goeth, as it | one of you that eateth | | hath been | shall betray with me [_see| | determined: | me. Ps. 41:9_]. | | but woe unto | | | that man | | | through whom | | | he is | |22 And they were|23 betrayed! And|22 The 19 They began to| exceeding | they began to| disciples be sorrowful,| sorrowful, | question | looked one on and to say | and began to | among | another, unto him one | say unto him | themselves, | doubting of by one, Is it| every one, Is| which of them| whom he spake. I? | it I, Lord? | it was that | 20 And he |23 And he | should do | said unto | answered and | this thing. | them, _It is_| said, He that| | one of the | dipped his | | twelve, he | hand with me | | that dippeth | in the dish, | | with me in | the same | | 21 the dish. For| shall betray | | the Son of |24 me. The Son | | man goeth, | of man goeth,| | even as it is| even as it is| | written of | written of | | him: but woe | him: but woe | | unto that man| unto that man| | through whom | through whom | | the Son of | the Son of | | man is | man is | | betrayed! | betrayed! | | good were it | good were it | | [1]for that | [1]for that | | man if he had| man if he had| | not been | not been | | born. | born. | |23 There was at the | | | table reclining | | in Jesus' bosom one of his | | disciples, whom Jesus loved. | |24 Simon Peter therefore beckoneth | | to him, and saith unto him, Tell | | _us_ who it is of whom he | |25 speaketh. He leaning back, as he | | was, on Jesus' breast saith unto | |26 him, Lord, who is it? Jesus | | therefore answereth, He it is, | | for whom I shall dip the sop, and | | give it him. So when he had | | dipped the sop, he taketh and | | giveth it to Judas, _the son_ of | | Simon Iscariot. |25 And Judas, | | which | | betrayed him,| | answered and | | said, Is it | | I, Rabbi? He | | saith unto | | him, Thou | | hast said. | | |27 And after the sop, then entered Satan into him. Jesus therefore saith unto him, 28 That thou doest, do quickly. Now no man at the table knew for what 29 intent he spake this unto him. For some thought, because Judas had the [3]bag, that Jesus said unto him, Buy what things we have need of for the feast; or, that he should give something to the 30 poor. He then having received the sop went out straightway: and it was night.

[Footnote 1: Gr. _for him if that man_.]

[Footnote 2: Gr. _reclined_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _box_.]

Sect. 147. AFTER THE DEPARTURE OF JUDAS JESUS WARNS THE DISCIPLES (PETER IN PARTICULAR) AGAINST DESERTION, WHILE ALL PROTEST THEIR LOYALTY

Mark 14:27-31 |Matt. 26:31-35 |Luke 22:31-38 |John 13:31-38 | | | | | |31 When therefore he was gone out, Jesus saith, Now [1]is the Son of man glorified, 32 and God [1]is glorified in him; and God shall glorify him in 33 himself, and straightway shall he glorify him. Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said 34 unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say unto you, A new commandment I give unto you, that ye love one another; 35 [2]even as I have loved you, that ye also love one another. By | | | this shall all | | | men know that | | | ye are my | | | disciples, if | | | ye have love | | | one to another. 27 And Jesus |31 Then saith |31 Simon, |36 Simon Peter saith unto | Jesus unto | Simon, | saith unto him, them, All ye | them, All ye | behold, Satan| Lord, whither shall be | shall be | [4]asked to | goest thou? [3]offended: | [3]offended | have you, | Jesus answered, for it is | in me this | that he might| Whither I go, written [_see| night: for it| sift you as | thou canst not Zech. 13:7_],| is written, I|32 wheat: but I | follow me now; I will smite | will smite | made | but thou shalt the shepherd,| the shepherd,| supplication | follow and the sheep| and the sheep| for thee, | afterwards. shall be | of the flock | that thy | scattered | shall be | faith fail | abroad. | scattered | not: and do | 28 Howbeit, |32 abroad. But | thou, when | after I am | after I am | once thou | raised up, I | raised up, I | hast turned | will go | will go | again, | before you | before you | stablish thy | into Galilee.| into Galilee.| brethren. | 29 But Peter |33 But Peter |33 And |37 Peter saith said unto | answered and | he said unto | unto him, Lord, him, Although| said unto | him, Lord, | why cannot I all shall be | him, If all | with thee I | follow thee [3]offended, | shall be | am ready to | even now? I yet will not | [3]offended | go both to | will lay down 30 I. And Jesus | in thee, I | prison and to| my life for saith unto | will never be|34 death. And he|38 thee. Jesus him, Verily I| [3]offended. | said, I tell | answereth, Wilt say unto |34 Jesus said | thee, Peter, | thou lay down thee, that | unto him, | the cock | thy life for thou to-day, | Verily I say | shall not | me? Verily, _even_ this | unto thee, | crow this | verily, I say night, before| that this | day, until | unto thee, The the cock crow| night, before| thou shalt | cock shall not twice, shalt | the cock | thrice deny | crow, till thou deny me | crow, thou | that thou | hast denied me 31 thrice. But | shalt deny me| knowest me. | thrice. he spake |35 thrice. Peter| | exceeding | saith unto | | vehemently, | him, Even if | | If I must die| I must die | | with thee, I | with thee, | | will not deny| _yet_ will I | | thee. And in | not deny | | like manner | thee. | | also said | Likewise also| | they all. | said all the | | disciples. | | |35 And he said unto them, When I | | sent you forth without purse, | | and wallet, and shoes, lacked ye | | any thing? And they said, | |36 Nothing. And he said unto them, | | But now, he that hath a purse, | | let him take it, and likewise a | | wallet: [5]and he that hath | | none, let him sell his cloke, | |37 and buy a sword. For I say unto | | you, that this which is written | | must be fulfilled in me [_see | | Isa. 53:12_], And he was | | reckoned with transgressors: for | | that which concerneth me hath | |38 [6]fulfilment. And they said, | | Lord, behold, here are two | | swords. And he said unto them, | | It is enough.

[Footnote 1: Or, _was_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _even as I loved you, that ye also may love one another_.]

[Footnote 3: Gr. _caused to stumble_.]

[Footnote 4: Or, _obtained you by asking_.]

[Footnote 5: Or, _and he that hath no sword, let him sell his cloke, and buy one_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _end_.]

Sect. 148. JESUS INSTITUTES THE MEMORIAL OF EATING BREAD AND DRINKING WINE

Jerusalem. Evening before the Crucifixion

Mark 14:22-25 |Matt. 26:26-29 |Luke[a] 22:17-20|1 Cor.[b] 11:23-26 | | | | |17 And he | | | received a | | | cup, and when| | | he had given | | | thanks, he | | | said, Take | | | this, and | | | divide it | | | among | | | yourselves: | | |18 for I say | | | unto you, I | | | will not | | | drink from | | | henceforth of| | | the fruit of | | | the vine, | | | until the | | | kingdom of | | | God shall | | | come. | 22 And as they|26 And as they| |23 For I received were eating, | were eating, |19 And he took| of the Lord he took | Jesus took | [1]bread, and| that which also [1]bread, and| [1]bread, and| when he had | I delivered when he had | blessed, and | given thanks,| unto you, how blessed, he | brake it; and| he brake it, | that the Lord brake it, and| he gave to | and gave to | Jesus in the gave to them,| the | them, saying,| night in which and said, | disciples, | This is my | he was betrayed Take ye: this| and said, | body [5]which|24 took bread; and is my body. | Take, eat; | is given for | when he had | this is my | you: this do | given thanks, 23 And he took a|27 body. And he | in | he brake it, cup, and when| took [2]a | remembrance | and said, This he had given | cup, and gave|20 of me. And | is my body, thanks, he | thanks, and | the cup in | which [7]is for gave to them:| gave to them,| like manner | you: this do in and they all | saying, Drink| after supper,| remembrance of drank of it. | ye all of it;| saying, |25 me. In like 24 And he said | | | manner also the unto them, | | | cup, after This is my |28 for this is | This | supper, saying, blood of | my blood of | cup is | [3]the | [3]the | the new | This cup is the [4]covenant, | [4]covenant, | [6]covenant | new [6]covenant which is shed| which is shed| in my blood, | in my blood: for many | for many unto| _even_ that | this do, as oft [_see Ex. | remission of | which is | as ye drink 24:8; Lev. | sins. | poured out | _it_, in 4:18-20; Jer.| | for you. | remembrance of 31:31; Zech. | | |26 me. For as 9:11_]. |29 But I | | often as ye eat 25 Verily I say | say unto you,| | this bread, and unto you, I | I will not | | drink the cup, will no more | drink | | ye proclaim the drink of the | henceforth of| | Lord's death fruit of the | this fruit of| | till he come. vine, until | the vine, | | that day when| until that | | I drink it | day when I | | new in the | drink it new | | kingdom of | with you in | | God. | my Father's | | | kingdom. | |

[Footnote 1: Or, _a loaf_.]

[Footnote 2: Some ancient authorities read _the cup_.]

[Footnote 3: Or, _the testament_.]

[Footnote 4: Many ancient authorities insert _new_.]

[Footnote 5: Some ancient authorities omit _which is given for you ... which is poured out for you._]

[Footnote 6: Or, _testament_.]

[Footnote 7: Many ancient authorities read _is broken for you_.]

[Footnote a: Luke here (see Sect. 144) departs from the order of Mark (and Matthew) and mentions the institution of the supper earlier in the evening. It seems best to follow the chronology of Mark, who places it after the departure of Judas.]

[Footnote b: These are two parallel reports of the institution of the supper. Mark is followed by Matthew and 1 Corinthians (about A.D. 56) by Luke (not earlier than A.D. 58).]

Sect. 149. THE FAREWELL DISCOURSE TO HIS DISCIPLES IN THE UPPER ROOM

Jerusalem

John 14[a]

1 Let not your heart be troubled: [1]ye believe in God, believe 2 also in me. In my Father's house are many [2]mansions; if it were not so, I would have told you; for I go to prepare a place for you. 3 And if I go and prepare a place for you, I come again, and will receive you unto myself; that where I am, _there_ ye may be also. 4 [3]And whither I go, ye know the way. Thomas saith unto him, Lord, 5 we know not whither thou goest; how know we the way? Jesus saith 6 unto him, I am the way, and the truth, and the life: no one cometh 7 unto the Father, but [4]by me. If ye had known me, ye would have known my Father also: from henceforth ye know him, and have seen 8 him. Philip saith unto him, Lord, shew us the Father, and it 9 sufficeth us. Jesus saith unto him, Have I been so long time with you, and dost thou not know me, Philip? he that hath seen me hath 10 seen the Father; how sayest thou, Shew us the Father? Believest thou not that I am in the Father, and the Father in me? the words that I say unto you I speak not from myself: but the Father 11 abiding in me doeth his works. Believe me that I am in the Father, and the Father in me: or else believe me for the very works' sake. 12 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believeth on me, the works that I do shall he do also; and greater _works_ than these shall 13 he do; because I go unto the Father. And whatsoever ye shall ask in my name, that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in 14 the Son. If ye shall ask [5]me anything in my name, that will I 15 do. If ye love me, ye will keep my commandments. And I will 16 [6]pray the Father, and he shall give you another [7]Comforter, 17 that he may be with you for ever, _even_ the Spirit of truth: whom the world cannot receive; for it beholdeth him not, neither knoweth him: ye know him; for he abideth with you, and shall be in 18 you. I will not leave you [8]desolate: I come unto you. Yet a 19 little while, and the world beholdeth me no more; but ye behold 20 me: because I live, [9]ye shall live also. In that day ye shall 21 know that I am in my Father, and ye in me, and I in you. He that hath my commandments, and keepeth them, he it is that loveth me: and he that loveth me shall be loved of my Father, and I will love 22 him, and will manifest myself unto him. Judas (not Iscariot) saith unto him, Lord, what is come to pass that thou wilt manifest 23 thyself unto us, and not unto the world? Jesus answered and said unto him, If a man love me, he will keep my word: and my Father will love him, and we will come unto him, and make our 24 abode with him. He that loveth me not keepeth not my words: and the word which ye hear is not mine, but the Father's who sent me. 25 These things have I spoken unto you, while _yet_ abiding with 26 you. But the [7]Comforter, _even_ the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring to 27 your remembrance all that I said unto you. Peace I leave with you; my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. 28 Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be fearful. Ye heard how I said to you, I go away, and I come unto you. If ye loved me, ye would have rejoiced, because I go unto the Father: 29 for the Father is greater than I. And now I have told you before 30 it come to pass, that, when it is come to pass, ye may believe. I will no more speak much with you, for the prince of the world 31 cometh: and he hath nothing in me; but that the world may know that I love the Father, and as the Father gave me commandment, even so I do. Arise, let us go hence.[b]

[Footnote 1: Or, _believe in God_.]

[Footnote 2: Or, _abiding-places_.]

[Footnote 3: Many ancient authorities read _And whither I go ye know, and the way ye know._]

[Footnote 4: Or, _through_.]

[Footnote 5: Many ancient authorities omit _me_.]

[Footnote 6: Gr. _make request of_.]

[Footnote 7: Or, _Advocate_. Or, _Helper_. Gr. _Paraclete_.]

[Footnote 8: Or, _orphans_.]

[Footnote 9: Or, _and ye shall live_.]

[Footnote a: Chapters 13 to 17 in John really belong together. There is first the effort of Jesus to stop the bickerings of the Twelve, then his warning and their reply. Jesus continues to address them with repeated interruption (dialogue), but finally they fear to ask him further (monologue). The discourse concludes with the wonderful prayer (the real Lord's Prayer) in