chapter vi
. Freeman was disposed to underrate the value of Scandinavian evidence, and hence considered Cnut’s reign almost exclusively from the English standpoint.
Footnote 21:
See the lives of Earls Eric and Eglaf in the notes to the _Crawford Charters_, No. xii.
Footnote 22:
P. and M., i., 20.
Footnote 23:
The most recent discussion in detail of this episode is that of Plummer, _Two Saxon Chronicles_, ii. Freeman’s attempt to clear Godwine of complicity was marked by a very arbitrary treatment of the contemporary authorities.
Footnote 24:
_Heimskringla_, trans. Morris and Magnusson, vol. iii., p. 10.
Footnote 25:
_Op. cit._, p. 181.
Footnote 26:
This is the duty of “hospitium,” exemption from which was frequently granted in Anglo-Norman charters.
Footnote 27:
Swegen, Godwine’s eldest son, went on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and died on his way back.
Footnote 28:
See the map of the earldoms in 1066 given by Freeman, _Norman Conquest_, ii.
Footnote 29:
In the next generation there was a tradition that Gospatric had been murdered by Queen Edith on her brother’s behalf, Florence of Worcester, 1065.
Footnote 30:
_Victoria History of Northamptonshire_, i., 262–3.
Footnote 31:
In addition to the future Conqueror one other child was born to Robert and Arlette—a daughter named Adeliz, who married Count Enguerrand of Ponthieu; and after Robert’s death Arlette herself became the lawful wife of a Norman knight named Herlwin of Conteville, whose two sons, Odo, bishop of Bayeux, and Robert, count of Mortain, play a considerable part in the succeeding history.
Footnote 32:
Ralf Glaber, iv., 6.
Footnote 33:
_De la Borderie_, _Histoire de Bretagne_, iii., 8–12.
Footnote 34:
Round, _Calendar of Documents Preserved in France_, 526.
Footnote 35:
This grant rests solely on the authority of Ordericus Vitalis, but it is accepted by Flach, _Les origines de l’ancienne France_, 528–530.
Footnote 36:
The meeting place of this council is only recorded by William of Malmesbury, _Gesta Regum_, ii., 285.
Footnote 37:
Ordericus Vitalis, iii., 431.
Footnote 38:
Among contemporaries who made the journey may be mentioned Count Fulk Nerra of Anjou and Archbishop Ealdred of York.
Footnote 39:
Ordericus, ii., 369. Tutorem sui, Ducis.
Footnote 40:
_Gesta Regum_, ii., 285.
Footnote 41:
_Gesta Regum_, ii., 285. “Normannia fiscus regalis erat.” Henry of Huntingdon, 189.
Footnote 42:
This is the opinion of Luchaire, _Institutions monarchiques_, ii., 17.
Footnote 43:
William of Jumièges, vii., 3.
Footnote 44:
Round, _Calendar of Documents Preserved in France_, No. 37.
Footnote 45:
Round, _Calendar_, No. 251.
Footnote 46:
Luchaire, _Institutions monarchiques_, ii., 233.
Footnote 47:
This is asserted very strongly by Freeman, ii., 201, and is implied by Luchaire, _Les Premières Capétiens_, 163.
Footnote 48:
The whole story of the duke’s ride from Valognes to Falaise rests upon the sole authority of Wace, and is only given here as a matter of tradition.
Footnote 49:
The topography of the battle is derived from Wace.
Footnote 50:
William of Poitiers, 81.
Footnote 51:
Ordericus Vitalis (iii., 342) makes a pointed reference to the length of time occupied by the present siege in comparison with the capture of Brionne in a single day by Robert of Normandy in 1090. But it is impossible to accept his statement that the resistance of Guy of Burgundy was protracted for three years.
Footnote 52:
William of Poitiers, 81: “Bella domestica apud nos in longum sopivit.”
Footnote 53:
In the imperfectly feudalised state of England a stricter doctrine seems to have prevailed: see, on Waltheof’s case below, page 338.
Footnote 54:
This rests on no better authority than Wace. We know with more certainty that the lands which Grimbald forfeited were bestowed by William upon the See of Bayeux, of which Odo, the duke’s brother, became bishop in 1048.—_Eng. Hist. Rev._, xxii., 644.
Footnote 55:
“Vicissitudinem post hæc ipse Regi fide studiosissima reddidit.”
Footnote 56:
William of Poitiers, 82.
Footnote 57:
William of Poitiers, 82.
Footnote 58:
William of Poitiers, 87.
Footnote 59:
William of Poitiers, 88.
Footnote 60:
William of Jumièges, vii., 18.
Footnote 61:
William of Jumièges, vii., 18. The duke’s oath is given by Wace: _Roman de Rou_, 9468.
Footnote 62:
William of Poitiers, 89.
##