CHAPTER XXI

.

THE ANTIQUITY AND HISTORY OF THE MORTAR.

The origin of the mortar—Derivation of the name—Primitive mortars—Grain crushers—Egyptian mortars—Antiquity of the mortar in Africa—A Cingalese mortar—Roman mortaria—Manufactories of mortaria in Britain—Stone mortars—Wooden querns—Origin of the pestle and mortar as a trade sign—Iron mortars—Bell-metal mortars—Brass mortars—Copper mortars—Marble mortars—Modern mortars _pages_ 229-237

## PART II.

ALCHEMY AND PHARMACY IN LITERATURE.

## CHAPTER I .

PAGES Chaucer 239-252

## CHAPTER II .

Shakespeare 253-277

## CHAPTER III .

Spenser 278-282

## CHAPTER IV .

Goethe 283-291

## CHAPTER V .

Le Sage 292-299

## CHAPTER VI .

Ben. Jonson 300-302

## CHAPTER VII .

Sir Walter Scott 303-305

## CHAPTER VIII .

Dumas 306-311

## CHAPTER IX .

Reade 312-321

## CHAPTER X .

Dickens, Thackeray 322-328

## CHAPTER XI .

Marryat 329-335

ALCHEMY AND PHARMACY:

THEIR MYSTERY AND ROMANCE.

## PART I.

##