CHAPTER VIII
These tables comprise (1) _Analysis of histories of cases at Bedford_; the histories in question were carefully compiled from the records and from personal conferences and in so far as possible they were revised and verified in the light of experience, outside inquiry, etc. (2) _Similar analysis of cases from seven institutions in New York State and city other than Bedford_; this material was gathered in different ways. In some institutions two trained investigators interrogated the girls, checking up their replies by the records of the institution wherever possible; in two institutions, information was obtained from the records alone; in one, from the girls alone. (3) _Analysis of histories of street, hotel, and other cases_; these data were obtained by an experienced woman investigator who interviewed the girls under conditions as favorable as possible to her object.
In the matter of earnings, etc., where corroboration was in the nature of things impossible, no responsibility for the accuracy of the statements made by the girls is assumed.
TABLE I
BEDFORD CASES
BIRTHPLACE--ANALYSIS OF 647 CASES
_Foreign Born_ _Native Born White_ _Native Born Colored_ --------------------------------------------------------------------- Austria 15 New York City 263 New York City 27 Canada 1 Other parts Other parts N. Y. State 39 N. Y. State 3 Cuba 2 Colorado 1 Alabama 1 England 14 Connecticut 5 Connecticut 1 France 8 District of Columbia 1 District of Columbia 2 Finland 2 Florida 1 Florida 1 Germany 26 Illinois 5 Georgia 2 Holland 2 Iowa 2 Kentucky 1 Hungary 12 Kansas 1 Louisiana 2 India 1 Maine 2 Maryland 2 Ireland 17 Maryland 4 Massachusetts 3 Italy 7 Massachusetts 16 Minnesota 1 Mexico 1 New Jersey 23 New Jersey 2 Norway 1 Michigan 2 North Carolina 10 Nova Scotia 1 Minnesota 1 Pennsylvania 5 Poland 5 Missouri 1 South Carolina 1 Roumania 3 North Carolina 2 Tennessee 1 Russia 32 Ohio 4 Virginia 18 Scotland 2 Oregon 1 Washington 1 Sweden 1 Pennsylvania 22 Unknown 1 Switzerland 2 Texas 1 Wales 1 Vermont 1 Virginia 5 West Virginia 2 Unknown 1 ---- ---- ---- TOTAL 156 = 24.11% TOTAL 406 = 62.75% TOTAL 85 = 13.14%
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE I]
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE II]
TABLE II
BEDFORD CASES
NATIONALITY OF PARENTS IN DETAIL
A. _White_
I. Both parents foreign, born in the same country Austria (18 Jews) 22 Bohemia 3 Canada 2 Denmark 2 England 11 Finland 3 France 9 Germany (11 Jews) 67 Holland 3 Hungary 12 India 1 Ireland 65 Italy 12 Norway 1 Nova Scotia 2 Poland 6 Roumania (1 Jew) 2 Russia (57 Jews) 60 Scotland 3 Sweden 2 Switzerland 1 Wales 1 290
II. Both parents foreign, born in different countries
_Birthplace of father_ _Birthplace of mother_
Australia England 1 Austria Germany 1 Canada England 1 Cuba Spain 1 Denmark England 1 England Denmark 1 England Germany 1 England Ireland 4 England Wales 1 France England 1 France Germany 1 France Irish 1 Germany Bohemia 1 " Denmark 1 " France 1 " (Jew) Hungary (Jew) 3 " Russia 1 " Switzerland 1 Hungary German 1 Ireland England 3 " Scotland 1 " Wales 1 Italy Roumania 1 Norway Ireland 1 Roumania Russia 1 Russia Austria 1 Scotland England 1 " Ireland 1 Spain Portugal 1 Wales Mexico 1 37 327 --------
III. Father of foreign birth, mother, United States
Belgium United States 1 Canada " " 4 England " " 6 Finland " " 1 Germany " " 10 Ireland " " 10 Scotland " " 2 34 --
IV. Father born in U. S., mother, foreign
United States Bohemia 1 " " Canada 2 " " England 3 " " Germany 4 " " Ireland 15 " " Italy 1 " " Norway 1 " " Roumania 1 28 --
V. Father of foreign birth, mother unknown
Austria 1 Germany 3 Ireland 2 Scotland 1 7 --
VI. Father unknown, mother of foreign birth
England 2 France 2 Germany 2 Ireland 1 7 -------- TOTAL NUMBER WITH ONE FOREIGN PARENT KNOWN 76
VII. Both parents born in the U. S. 120
VIII. Father born in the U. S., mother unknown 5
IX. Father unknown, mother born in U. S. 5
X. Both parents unknown 25 -------- TOTAL WHITE 558
_B. Colored_
I. Both parents of foreign birth _Father's birthplace_ _Mother's birthplace_ Jamaica Jamaica 1 Cuba Cuba 1 West Indies South America 1
II. One parent of foreign birth
Ireland United States 1 West Indies " " 1 United States England 1 " " Ireland 1
III. Both parents born in U. S. 68
IV. Father unknown, mother born in U. S. 4
V. Birthplaces of both parents unknown 10 -------- TOTAL COLORED 89 TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 647
TABLE III
BEDFORD CASES
NATIONALITY OF PARENTS
_Summary_
----------------------------------------------------------- | Born in |White 290| | | Both parents| the same |-----------| | | foreign | country |Colored 2| 292 | | |-----------|-----------|-------|------| | Born in |White 37| | | | different |-----------| | | | countries |Colored 1| 38 | 330 | 51. % ------------|-----------|-----------|-------|------|------- |Mother |White 34| | | |U. S. |-----------| | | | |Colored 2| 36 | | One parent |-----------|-----------|-------|------|-------- foreign |Father |White 28| | | |U. S. |-----------| | | | |Colored 2| 30 | | |-----------|-----------|-------| | |Mother | | | | |unknown |White | 7 | | |-----------|-----------|-------| | |Father | | | | |unknown |White | 7 | 80 | 12.37% ------------------------|-----------|-------|------|------- Both parents born |White 120| 18.54%| | in the U. S. |-----------| | | |Colored 68| 10.52 | 188 | 29.06% ------------------------|-----------|-------|------|------- One parent |Mother |White 5| | | born in the |U. S. |-----------| | | U. S., the | |Colored 4| 9 | | other |-----------|-----------|-------|------| unknown |Father |White | 5 | 2.30%| |U. S. | | | 14 }| ------------------------|-----------|-------|-----}|------- |White 25| |5.27%}| 7.57% Both parents unknown |-----------| | }| |Colored 10| | 35 }| ------------------------|-------------------|------|------- | TOTAL| | 647 | -----------------------------------------------------------
TABLE IV
COMPARISON AS TO PARENTAGE OF NATIVE POPULATION IN NEW YORK CITY AND AMONG PROSTITUTES AT BEDFORD
------------------------------------------------------------------------ Population of| No. of |Percentage| Bedford | No. of |Percentage of New York |Individuals| of Total | Cases |Individuals| of Total City[311] in | | Pop. | 647 | | Cases 1912 | | | | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Native white | 921,130 | 19.3% |Native white| 120 | 18.5 of native | | | of known | | parents | | | native | | | | | parentage | | Native white | 1,820,374 | 38.2 |Native white| 327 | 50.5 of foreign | | | of known | | parents | | | foreign | | | | | parentage | | Negro-- | 91,702 | 1.92 |Negro-- | 89 | 13.64 parentage | | | total | | unspecified| | | number | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------
TABLE V
BEDFORD CASES
OCCUPATIONS OF THE FATHERS
_Professions_ Architect 2 Civil engineer 1 Colored preacher 1 Lawyer 1 Minister 1 Music teacher 1 Musician 2 Physician 2 Surveyor 2 Trained nurse 1 Veterinary surgeon 1 ---- TOTAL 15
_Own their own Business_ Brewer 1 Contractor 5 Fruit dealer 2 Horse dealer 4 Hotel keeper 2 Livery stable keeper 1 Peddler 8 Saloonkeeper 11 Shopkeeper 29 ---- TOTAL 63
_Business Positions_ Insurance agent 2 Milkman 1 Real estate agent 4 Salesman 21 ---- TOTAL 28
_Mechanical Trades_ Blacksmith 6 Bricklayer 3 Brickmaker 1 Builder 5 Cabinet-maker 2 Carpenter 13 Carriage-maker 1 Cooper 1 Electrician 2 Engineer (railroad) 4 Engineer (stationary) 15 Gas fitter 1 Glazier 1 Hardwood polisher 1 Iron worker 8 Machinist 7 Mechanic 3 Painter 14 Plasterer 1 Plumber 3 Printer 6 Slate roofer 1 Stone cutter 2 Stone mason 9 Terra cotta worker 1 Tinsmith 2 Walking delegate 1 ---- TOTAL 114
_Clothing Trades_ Cap maker 4 Cloak maker 2 Designer 2 Finisher on corsets 1 Presser 6 Tailor 22 ---- TOTAL 37
_Other Trades_ Baker 2 Barber 8 Bartender 2 Basket maker 1 Butcher 10 Carpet layer 1 Cigar maker 10 Draughtsman 1 Mat maker 1 Photographer 1 Reed and rattan worker 1 Shoemaker 10 Watchmaker 1 Weaver 2 ---- TOTAL 51
_Clerical Positions_ Bookkeeper 3 Clerk of Court 1 Excise officer 1 ---- TOTAL 5
_Laborers_ Derrick rigger 1 Electric light trimmer 1 Employed on boats 11 Employed on railroad 12 Farmers and farm hands 34 Hod carrier 3 Laborer 40 Miner 3 Stableman 3 Street sweeper 2 Teamster 18 Watchman 4 ---- TOTAL 132
_Mill and Factory Positions_ Factory 13 Mill hand 7 ---- TOTAL 20
_Domestic Positions_ Coachman 7 Cook 9 Elevator man 1 Gardener 3 Janitor 5 Porter 3 Waiter 7 ---- TOTAL 35
Foreman 7 Asst. Supt. Life Insurance Co. 1 Conductor 2 Sea captain 5 ---- TOTAL 15
_In Public Service_ Fireman 5 Lighthouse keeper 1 Mail carrier 1 Policeman 5 Soldier 5 ---- TOTAL 17
_Miscellaneous_ Collector 1 Gambler 1 Sandwich man 1 Telegraph operator 1 Ticket speculator 1 Undertaker 3 ---- TOTAL 8
"Does not work on account of kidney trouble and fainting fits" 1 Unknown 7 No statistics 99 ---- TOTAL 107
TOTAL NUMBER 647
TABLE VI
BEDFORD CASES
NUMBER OF CHILDREN IN THE FAMILIES FROM WHICH THE GIRLS COME
------------------------------ _No. of Children_ _Cases_ ------------------------------ 1 78 2 95 3 126 4 110 5 95 6 50 7 44 8 22 9 11 10 5 11 5 12 0 13 1 Unknown 5 ------------------------------ TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 647 ------------------------------ Average size of family 3.99
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING ABOVE TABLE VI]
TABLE VII
BEDFORD CASES
OCCUPATION OF MOTHER
------------------------------------------- Actress 1 Canvasser 2 Charge of Hotel Linen Room 1 Cook (6 colored) 10 Day's work 46 Domestic--General housework (6 colored) 9 Dressmaker 4 Factory Operatives 11 Housekeeper 4 Janitress 13 Laundress 17 Midwife 6 Milliner 1 Market Woman 1 Nurse 9 Peddler 2 Small Shopkeepers 7 Tailoress 1 ---- TOTAL 145 ------------------------------------------- Total number of cases, 647
Percentage of occupied mothers, 22.4
TABLE VIII
BEDFORD CASES
EDUCATION
Cannot read or write any language--15 American born 50 7.72% Reads and writes a foreign language--5 read a little Eng. 32 4.83% Read and write a little, no further education 192 29.67% Did not finish primary grades 70 10.82% Reached but did not finish grammar grades 257 39.72% Graduated from grammar grades 25 3.86% Entered, but did not finish high school 13 2.00% Graduated from high school 4 .77% One year in normal school 3 .46% Eight months at college 1 .15% ------------ TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 647 100.00%
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE VIII]
TABLE IX
BEDFORD CASES
I _Wages before entering prostitution_ EARNINGS
---------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |$.50| .75|1.00|1.25|1.50|2.00|2.50|3.00|3.50|4.00| +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ Wages of {High | | | | | | | | | | | trades {110 cases | | | | | | | | | 2 | 11 | excluding { | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic {Low | | | | | | | | | | | Service {110 cases | | | 1 | | | 3 | 3 | 13 | 9 | 24 | | | | | | | | | | | | {High | | | | | | | | | | | Wages of {52 cases | | | | | | | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | Domestic { | | | | | | | | | | | Service {Low | | | | | | | | | | | {52 cases | | | | 1 | 1 | 6 | 8 | 13 | 9 | 10 | ---------------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |4.50|5.00|5.50|6.00|7.00|8.00|9.00| 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 18 | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | 14 | 7 | 13 | 12 | 15 | 5 | 6 | 2 | 6 | | 1 | 5 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4 | 23 | 1 | 11 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 4 | | | | | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |7.50| | | | | | | | | | | 13 | 9 | 5 | 6 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+----+----+----+----+---------+---------+---------+--------- | 20 | 22 | 25 | 30 | Highest | Lowest | Average | Mode | | | | | Wage | Wage | | +----+----+----+----+---------+---------+---------+--------- | | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | $30.00 | $3.50 | $8.11 | $8.00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | 25.00 | 1.00 | 5.21 | 4.00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 7.50 | 2.50 | 4.30 | 4.50 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5.00 | 1.25 | 3.14 | 3.00 +----+----+----+----+---------+---------+---------+---------
GRAPHS ILLUSTRATING TABLE IX
[Illustration: _Wages in Trades excluding Domestic Service--110 Cases_]
[Illustration: _Wages in Domestic Service--52 Cases_]
TABLE X
BEDFORD CASES
OCCUPATIONS
_Before entering prostitution_ _No. of Cases_ _Percentages_ --------------------------------------------------------------- Book-binding 7 1.08 Clerk in small shop 8 1.23 Clerk in department store 40 6.18 Domestic (general housework) 243 37.56 Errand girl 3 .46 Factory operative 127 19.62 Janitress 1 .15 Laundry employee 14 2.16 Manicure 2 .30 Millinery 13 2.00 Office work (not stenographers) 13 2.00 Sewing (handwork) 25 3.86 Steel engraver 1 .15 Telephone operator 9 1.39 Theatrical work (chorus or vaudeville) 18 2.78 Nurse (not graduate) 3 .46 Waitress (in restaurants) 28 4.32 No work 92 14.27 --------------------- TOTAL 647
TABLE XI
BEDFORD CASES
RESIDENCE OF GIRL BEFORE ENTERING PROSTITUTION
------------------------------------------------------------------------- {Giving all they made 53 Living {Giving part 16 at home {Supported by parents or husband 32 {No statistics as to money paid 23 -- 124
Living {Giving all 15 with relatives {Giving part 9 -- 24
Boarding $1.50 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 5.40 6.00 13.50 No amount given --------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 9 20
Domestics living where they worked 26 --- TOTAL 194
TABLE XII
BEDFORD CASES
SOCIAL RELATIONS
Married 193 29.8 Single 454 70.1 --- TOTAL 647
STATEMENT OF 219 WOMEN WITH REGARD TO NUMBER OF CHILDREN
{ Pregnant on entering 1 { Miscarriage previous to entering Bedford 18 { Married { { One 66 women { Legitimate { Two 19 { children { Three 7 { { Eight 1 --- 93
{ Pregnant on entering 16 Single { Miscarriage previous to entering Bedford 18 women { { Illegitimate { One 63 { children { Two 10 73 --- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 219
No children, or no record of them 428 --- TOTAL 647
TABLE XIII
BEDFORD CASES
RELIGION
Catholic 266 41.1% Jewish 123 19.0% Protestant 252 38.9% No record 6 .9% ----------- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 647
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XIII]
TABLE XIV
BEDFORD CASES
AGE
I II III --------+-----------------++---------------------++-------------------- _Years_|_Number entering_|| _First sexual_ || _Number entering_ _of age_| _Bedford_ || _offense_ || _prostitution_ --------+------+----------++-------+-------------++-------+------------ 7 | .. | ...... || 1 | .33-1/3% || .. | ..... 9 | .. | ...... || 1 | .33-1/3% || .. | ..... 10 | .. | ...... || 1 | .33-1/3% || .. | ..... 11 | .. | ...... || 1 | .33-1/3% || .. | ..... 12 | .. | ...... || 4 | 1.33-1/3% || .. | ..... 13 | .. | ...... || 12 | 4. % || 1 | .37% 14 | .. | ...... || 29 | 9.66-2/3% || 3 | 1.12% 15 | 12 | 1.86% || 43 | 14.33-1/3% || 11 | 4.08% 16 | 41 | 6.34% || 61 | 20.33-1/3% || 19 | 7.06% 17 | 65 | 10.05% || 40 | 13.33-1/3% || 40 | 14.87% 18 | 47 | 7.26% || 31 | 10.33-1/3% || 35 | 13.01% 19 | 65 | 10.05% || 28 | 9.33-1/3% || 32 | 11.90% 20 | 50 | 7.71% || 19 | 6.33-1/3% || 28 | 10.41% 21 | 61 | 9.43% || 15 | 5.00% || 31 | 11.52% 22 | 73 | 11.28% || 3 | 1. % || 22 | 8.18% 23 | 48 | 7.42% || 6 | 2. % || 17 | 6.32% 24 | 53 | 8.19% || 3 | 1. % || 9 | 3.35% 25 | 40 | 6.18% || .. | ........ || 10 | 3.72% 26 | 22 | 3.40% || .. | ........ || 3 | 1.12% 27 | 20 | 3.09% || 1 | .33-1/3% || 6 | 2.23% 28 | 22 | 3.40% || 1 | .33-1/3% || 2 | .74% 29 | 24 | 3.71% || .. | ........ || .. | ..... 30 | 2 | .31% || .. | ........ || .. | ..... 31 | 1 | .15% || .. | ........ || .. | ..... 32 | 1 | .15% || .. | ........ || .. | ..... --------+------+----------++-------+-------------++-------+------------ Total | | || | || | No. | | || | || | cases | 647 | 99.98% || 300 | 100% || 269 | 100% --------+------+----------++-------+-------------++-------+------------ Average | || || Age |20 yr. 11.06 mos.|| 17 yrs. 16 days || 18 yrs. 9.18 mos. --------+-----------------++---------------------++-------------------- Highest 32 || Highest 28 || Highest 28 Lowest 15 || Lowest 7 || Lowest 13 Average 20.09 || Average 17 || Average 18.7 Mode 22 || Mode 16 || Mode 17 Mean 23.5 || Mean 17.5 || Mean 18.5 No. of cases 647 || No. of cases 300 || No. of cases 269 --------------------------++---------------------++--------------------
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XIV
(_Made from Table of Percentages_)]
TABLE XV
BEDFORD CASES
DISTRIBUTION OF AMERICAN BORN
{ White 341 [312]City born { 404 82.48% { Colored 63
{ White 63 Country born { 85 17.47% { Colored 22
Unknown 2 0.05% ---- ---- ------- TOTAL 491
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XV]
TABLE XVI
BEDFORD CASES
REASONS FOR COMING TO NEW YORK, OF THOSE BORN OUTSIDE NEW YORK CITY
Ran away to escape home conditions 11 To live with family 78 To obtain work or easier work 26 To practice prostitution 9 To see New York 10 With lover 1 Unknown 4 --- TOTAL 139
TABLE XVII
BEDFORD CASES
PROSTITUTION: PRACTICED CONTINUOUSLY OR INTERRUPTEDLY
Continuously 166 59.50%
{ Married 19 { Living with parents 4 Not continuously { Stealing 3 { Working 32 58 20.79%
No statistics 55 19.71% ---- ------- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES CONSIDERED 279
TABLE XVIII
BEDFORD CASES
TRADES COMBINED WITH PROSTITUTION
_Trade_ _No. of Cases_ _Per cent._ Demonstrator 1 Clerk in department store 4 Domestic 22 Factory operative 17 Laundry employees 4 Manicure 1 Office work 2 Sewing 2 Theatrical work 6 Waitress 8 Stealing 6 Received money from husband 2 Prostitution only 204 73.11 ---- ------ TOTAL 279
TABLE XIX
BEDFORD CASES
WEEKLY EARNINGS FROM PROSTITUTION
----+-------+-------+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ |Support|Support|$3|$5|$6|$10|$12|$14|$15|$18|$19|$20|$25|$30|$35| |Partial| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----+-------+-------+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ High| 2 | 9 | .| 2| .| 4 | . | 1 | 7 | . | 1 | 8 | 3| 10| 3 | Low | 1 | . | 1| 4| 1| 7 | 4 | . | 8 | 2 | . | 5 | 13| 6| 3 | ----+-------+-------+--+--+--+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+
+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+ |$38|$40|$45|$50|$55|$59|$60|$63|$70|$75|$90|$100|$110|$120|$125|$150| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+ | 1 | 4 | 2 | 24| . | 1 | 12| . | 7 | 7 | . | 15 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 5 | | . | 3 | . | 14| 1 | . | 4| 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 6 | . | . | 1 | 4 | +---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+
+----+----+----+----+----+---------+------- |$200|$240|$250|$300|$400| Total |Average | | | | | |No. cases| +----+----+----+----+----+---------+------- | 7 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 146 |$71.09 | . | . | . | 1 | . | 95 | 46.02 +----+----+----+----+----+---------+-------
TABLE XX
BEDFORD CASES
EARNED AT THE SAME TIME WITH PROSTITUTION
-----------+--------+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ | Weekly | For | | | | | | | | | | | Wages |Board|$.50|1.00|2.00|2.50|3.00|3.50|3.75|4.00|4.50| -----------+--------+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ Wages of | High | | | | | | | | | | | occupations|34 cases| . | . | . | . | . | 1 | 1 | . | 2 | . | excluding | | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic | Low | | | | | | | | | | | Service |34 cases| . | . | . | 3 | . | 5 | 2 | . | 6 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | High | | | | | | | | | | | Domestic |23 cases| . | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | 1 | 1 | 7 | 2 | Service | Low | | | | | | | | | | | |23 cases| 11 | . | 5 | 3 | 7 | 2 | . | 1 | 1 | 1 | -----------+--------+-----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+
+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | | | | | | | | | |4.60|5.00|5.50|6.00|7.00|8.00|9.00|10.00|11.00|12.00|13.00|14.00|15.00| +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | 6 | 2 | 6 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | . | . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | 10 | . | 3 | . | . | . | . | . | 2 | . | . | . | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | 6 | 2 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | . | 1 | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | +----+----+----+----+----+----+----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
+-----+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+----- | | | | | | | |16.00|17.00|18.00|Maximum|Minimum|Average|Mode +-----+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+----- | | | | | | | | . | . | 2 |$18.00 | $3.00 | $6.42 |$5.00 | | | | | | |to $6 | | | | | | | | . | . | . | 12.00 | 2.00 | 4.68 | 5.00 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | . | . | . | 15.00| 1.00 | 4.60 | 4.00 | | | | | | | | . | . | . | 6.00| .. | 2.86 | 3.00 +-----+-----+-----+-------+-------+-------+-----
GRAPHS ILLUSTRATING TABLE XX
[Illustration: _Wages in Trades excluding Domestic Service--34 cases_]
[Illustration: _Wages in Domestic Service--23 Cases_]
TABLE XXI
BEDFORD CASES
CAUSE OF FIRST SEXUAL OFFENSE
Love 108 38.71%
{Married {Living with husband 1 { {Separated from " 10 11 Pay { { {Lover 17 57 20.43% {Single {Playmate 4 { {Stranger 25 46
{Relative 7 Force {Lover 27 {Playmate 3 {Stranger 25 62 22.22%
Weakness 23 8.24% Physical predisposition 2 .71% Unknown 27 9.64% ------------ TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 279
TABLE XXII
BEDFORD CASES
MENTAL CONDITION
Insane--Transferred to asylums 20 Insane tendencies 3 Feeble-minded (distinctly so) 107 Border-line--neurotic 26 Weak-willed--"No moral sense" 26 "Wild"--truants--run-a-ways 11 193 29.8%
TABLE XXIII
BEDFORD CASES
CAUSES. REASONS GIVEN BY THE GIRL
_A. In connection with her family_ 1. Immorality of the parents 15 2. Incompatibility 39 3. Neglect and abuse 26 4. No mother or father or neither 166 5. Over indulgence 10 6. Over strictness 35 7. Poverty 9 8. Turned out 6 ---- 306 _B. In connection with married life_ 1. Death of husband 5 2. Desertion by husband 8 3. Immorality (includes cruelty or criminality) 14 4. Incompatibility 26 5. Husband put girl on street 2 ---- 55 _C. Personal reasons_ 1. Bad company 75 2. No sex instruction 10 3. Idle or lonely 5 4. Sick, needed the money 4 5. Ruined anyway 10 6. Lover put girl on the street 10 7. Previous use of drink or drugs 7 8. White slave 2 9. Tired of drudgery 4 10. "Easy money" 17 11. Dances 13 12. Lazy, hated work 20 13. Stage environment 9 14. Love of the life 15 15. Desertion by lover 3 16. Desire for pleasure (theatre, food, clothes) 48 17. Desire for money 38 18. Ashamed to go home after first escapade 1 ---- 291 _D. Economic reasons_ 1. Can't support herself 5 2. Can't support herself and children 1 3. Couldn't find work 13 19 -------- TOTAL 671
TABLE XXIV
BEDFORD CASES
OFFENSES
_No. Cases, 647_
_Misdemeanor_ ------------------------------------------------ Assault 3rd degree 9 Attempted suicide 1 Concealing birth of child 1 Corrupting morals of a minor 3 Indecent exposure 1 Keeping a disorderly house 3 Maintaining a place for smoking opium 1 Petit larceny 71 Unlawfully injuring propt'y 1 Using vulgar and indecent language in public 1
TOTAL, 92 or 14.21%
_Felonies_ ------------------------------------------------ Assault 2nd degree 4 Attempted grand larceny 13 Burglary 3rd degree 3 Felonously selling cocaine 1 Grand larceny, 1st degree 12 Grand larceny, 2nd degree 63 Manslaughter, 2nd degree 3 Receiving stolen goods 4 Robbery 2
TOTAL, 105 or 16.22%
_Other Offenses_ ------------------------------------------------ Associating with dissolute persons and in danger of becoming morally deprav'd 50 Common prostitute 272 Disorderly child 25 Disorderly conduct 44 Frequenting disorderly houses 6 Intercourse with boys 1 Public intoxication or habitual drunkard 14 Vagrancy 38
TOTAL, 450 or 69.55%
TABLE XXV
BEDFORD CASES
PREVIOUS RECORDS, SO FAR AS CAN BE ASCERTAINED
Bedford State Reformatory for women 13 Catholic Protectory 4 County jails 6 Florence Crittenton Home 7 Gerry Society 4 House of Good Shepherd, Brooklyn 20 House of Good Shepherd, New York 34 House of Mercy, Inwood 23 House of Refuge, Randall's Island 15 Insane Asylums 2 Magdalen Asylum 16 Massachusetts State Industrial School, Lancaster 3 New York Juvenile Asylum 5 New York State Industrial School, Rochester 3 New York State Training School for Girls, Hudson 6 Orphan Asylum 20 Penitentiaries 7 Sherbourne Prison 1 Washington Square Home 3 Waverly House 4 Wayside Home 13 Workhouse 65 Various other homes for Wayward Girls 31 305 47.1 -- Say never in institution and never arrested previously 255
Admit one or more previous arrests, but got off with fine, suspended sentence or discharge, and claim never to have been committed 66
Admit having been on probation 21 ---- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 647
OF THE ABOVE
Arrested twice, once fined, once on probation 1 In one institution, twice arrested and once on probation 3 In one institution, three arrests and on probation 1 In one institution, several other arrests 3 In one institution, workhouse eight times, six months each 1 In two institutions 30 In two institutions, several other arrests 6 In three institutions 5 In three institutions, several other arrests 2 In four institutions 1 In four institutions, several times Raymond St. Jail 1 Six months in workhouse, four times arrested, twice fined 1 Workhouse once, six times arrested and fined 1 Workhouse once, seven times arrested 1 In two institutions, workhouse once, fined three times, and on probation 1 In Madgalen, twice; Good Shepherd, once; 10 days in workhouse; three times arrested; on probation once 1 In workhouse twice; arrested six times; on probation once 1 In one home; workhouse twice; twice fined, and once discharged 1 Workhouse, three terms 1 Workhouse, three terms, six months each; four times fined. 1 In three institutions; workhouse, three times; seven other arrests 1 Arrested about 30 times; City prison, 10 weeks; workhouse, 6 terms; fined over 20 times 1 Three times on the Island; arrested over 30 times 1 Twice at Good Shepherd, workhouse two terms and arrested nine times 1 Two and one-half years House of Refuge, arrested five times; on Island four times 1 Two terms at Hudson; three arrests; workhouse, three months; Bedford for third time 1 House of Refuge, four years; Juvenile Asylum, one year; more than 40 times at the workhouse, once on probation 1
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XXVI]
TABLE XXVI
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
BIRTHPLACE
_American Born_ _Foreign Born_
New York City 210 Austro-Hungary 34 Other parts of N. Y. State 53 Canada 11 Alabama 2 England-Scotland 9 Arizona 1 Finland 0 Arkansas 1 France 4 California 6 Galacia 2 Colorado 1 Germany 24 Connecticut 4 Holland 0 Delaware 2 India 0 District Columbia 3 Ireland 12 Florida 3 Italy 6 Georgia 3 Mexico 1 Illinois 4 Poland 9 Indiana 2 Roumania 2 Iowa 0 Russia 46 Kansas 1 Sweden 5 Kentucky 2 Switzerland 2 Louisiana 0 Venezuela 1 Maine 0 West Indies 7 Maryland 5 Total No. foreign born 175 28.68% Massachusetts 24 " " American " 435 71.31% Michigan 1 ---- Minnesota 1 TOTAL 610 Mississippi 1 Missouri 0 New Hampshire 1 New Jersey 17 North Carolina 6 Ohio 3 Oregon 0 Pennsylvania 23 Rhode Island 2 South Carolina 7 Tennessee 0 Texas 3 Virginia 8 Vermont 0 West Virginia 0 Wisconsin 2 Unknown 33 ---- TOTAL 435
TABLE XXVII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
DISTRIBUTION BETWEEN CITY AND COUNTRY OF 147 CASES, BORN IN THE UNITED STATES
City born 85 57.82% Country born 62 42.18% ---- TOTAL 147
Born in cities of New York 52 Born in cities of other states 33 ---- TOTAL 85
Born in country, New York State 1 Born in country, other states 61 ---- TOTAL 62 147
TABLE XXVIII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
REASONS FOR COMING TO NEW YORK OF 400 CASES BORN OUTSIDE THE CITY, AMERICAN AND FOREIGN
Ran away to escape home conditions 4 To live with family or husband 63 To obtain work, or easier work 57 To practice prostitution 42 To see New York 10 With lover 11 Unknown or not given 213 --- TOTAL NUMBER CASES 400
TABLE XXIX
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
EDUCATION
Does not read or write in any language 68 11.15% Reads and writes a foreign language 20 3.28% Reads and writes English, no further education 335 54.92% Finished fifth grade 34 5.57% Finished Grammar grades 74 12.13% Entered High School or Business courses 36 5.90% Unknown 43 7.05% ---------- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 610 100%
TABLE XXX
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
OCCUPATIONS
_Before entering prostitution_ _After entering prostitution_ 662 cases used 497 cases used
Artist .. 1 Book-binding 1 .. Canvasser 2 .. Chambermaid 34 5 Clerk in small store 9 .. Companion 1 .. Department store 70 10.57% 10 Errand girl 1 1 Factory 215 32.46% 24 Domestic service 117 17.67% 20 Laundry 16 1 Librarian 1 .. Manicure 4 2 Massage 1 .. Millinery 12 2 Nurse girl 34 1 Office work 20 0 Palmist 1 .. Salvation Army worker 1 .. Sewing 16 4 Steel Engraver 1 .. Stenographer 8 .. Teacher 1 .. Telephone operator 13 .. Theatrical work 20 3 Waitress 53 6 No work 10 Supported by prostitution only 353 ---- Supported by husband or parents 23 TOTAL 662 Stealing 11 Unknown 30 ---- TOTAL 497
TABLE XXXI
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
AGE
_Years_ _Number_ _First_ _Number_ _of_ _entering_ _sexual_ _entering_ _age_ _Institution_ _offense_ _prostitution_
6 .. 1 .. 7 .. 1 .. 8 .. .. .. 9 .. 1 .. 10 .. 2 .. 11 2 5 3 12 2 9 1 13 .. 7 .. 14 7 33 7 15 7 67 32 16 20 59 45 17 28 83 67 18 43 77 73 19 54 56 59 20 51 35 66 21 31 31 37 22 54 32 35 23 41 12 25 24 54 10 24 25 31 7 13 26 31 11 9 27 20 3 8 28 28 6 6 29 15 1 1 30 23 5 4 31 14 2 2 32 14 1 2 33 6 .. .. 34 7 .. .. 35 1 .. 1 36 5 3 1 37 2 .. .. 38 1 .. .. 39 2 .. .. 40 4 1 1 ---- ---- ---- TOTAL 598 561 522
Highest Age 40 40 40 Lowest Age 11 6 11 Average 22.66 years 17.95 19.60
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XXXI]
TABLE XXXII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
WEEKLY EARNINGS--BEFORE ENTERING PROSTITUTION
--------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |Living|$ .50|$1.00|$1.50|$2.00|$2.50|$3.00|$3.50| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Wages of {High | | | | | | | | | Trades {377 cases| | | 2 | | 1 | 2 | 6 | 5 | excluding { | | | | | | | | | Domestic {Low | | 1 | 2 | | 9 | 13 | 41 | 20 | Service {377 cases| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | {High | | 2 | | 4 | 14 | 14 | 20 | 14 | Wage of {156 cases| | | | | | | | | Domestic { | | | | | | | | | Service {Low | 4 | | 2 | 7 | 11 | 22 | 15 | 17 | {156 cases| | | | | | | | | --------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+ $4.00|$4.50|$5.00|$5.50|$6.00|$7.00|$8.00|$9.00|$10.00|$11.00|$12.00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+ | | | | | | | | | | | 14 | 15 | 57 | 9 | 60 | 48 | 42 | 22 | 28 | 4 | 27 | | | | | | | | | | | | 36 | 26 | 73 | 29 | 48 | 15 | 22 | 8 | 12 | | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 17 | 25 | 33 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19 | 26 | 22 | 7 | 2 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+
------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ $13.00|$14.00|$15.00|$18.00|$20.00|$22.00|$25.00|$30.00|$50.00|$70.00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ | | | | | | | | | | 2 | 4 | 14 | | 7 | 1 | 5 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 1 | 4 | | 4 | | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
-------+------+-----------+-------+------ Highest|Lowest|Mode, wage |Average| Mode wage | wage |of greatest| wage | | | frequency | | -------+------+-----------+-------+------ | | | | $70 | $1.00| $6.00 | $8.10 | $6.00 | | | | 30 | .50| 5.00 | 5.53 | 5.00 | | | | | | | | 20 | .50| 5.00 | 3.99 | 5.00 | | | | | | | | 14 | Liv'g| 4.50 | 3.63 | 4.50 | | | | -------+------+-----------+-------+------
COMBINED WITH PROSTITUTION
--------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ |Living|$ .50|$1.00|$1.50|$2.00|$2.50|$3.00|$3.50| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | --------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+ Wages of {High | | | | | | | 2 | | Trades {63 cases | | | | | | | | | excluding { | | | | | | | | | Domestic {Low | | | | | | | 2 | 2 | Service {63 cases | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | {High | | | | | 1 | 2 | 3 | | Wage of {15 cases | | | | | | | | | Domestic { | | | | | | | | | Service {Low | | 1 | | | | 5 | 2 | | {15 cases | | | | | | | | | --------------------+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+
-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+ $4.00|$4.50|$5.00|$5.50|$6.00|$7.00|$8.00|$9.00|$10.00|$11.00|$12.00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+ | 2 | 8 | | 12 | 10 | 6 | 3 | 3 | | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | 5 | 14 | | 12 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | 3 | | 2 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2 | | 4 | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+------+------+
------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ $13.00|$14.00|$15.00|$18.00|$20.00|$22.00|$25.00|$30.00|$50.00|$70.00| | | | | | | | | | wage | | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ | | 6 | | 2 | | 1 | 1 | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 3 | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
-------+------+-----------+-------+------ Highest|Lowest|Mode, wage |Average| Mode wage | wage |of greatest| wage | | | frequency | | -------+------+-----------+-------+------ $70 | $3.00| $6.00 | $9.98 | $6.00 | | | | | | | | 25 | 3.00| 5.00 | 6.83 | 5.00 | | | | | | | | 15 | 2.00| | 5.10 | | | | | | | | | 10 | .50| 2.50 | 3.70 | 2.50 | | | | -------+------+-----------+-------+------
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XXXII
_Earnings in Trades excluding Domestic Service_]
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XXXII
_Wages in Domestic Service_]
TABLE XXXIII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
SOCIAL RELATIONS
No children 214 Miscarriages and abortions 36
{One 28 {Two 7 Legitimate {Three 5 children {Four 1 {Five 2 {Eight 1 44
Illegitimate {One 66 children {Two .. {Three 2 68
Unknown 135 ---------- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES WHERE STATISTICS ARE GIVEN 497
TABLE XXXIV
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
RESIDENCE OF GIRL BEFORE ENTERING PROSTITUTION
{Giving all they made 66 Living at home { {Giving part 62 128
{Giving all they made 0 Living with relatives { {Giving part 22 22
BOARDING AMOUNT PAID PER WEEK
$1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $3.50 $4.00 2 4 4 6 31 12 12
$4.50 $6.00 $5.00 $7.00 $8.00 $10.00 9 17 1 3 .. 3 104 ---- Total number cases, where statistics are given 254
TABLE XXXV
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
CAUSE OF FIRST SEXUAL OFFENSE
Love 231 37.86%
{ { Living with husband 6 { { Separated from husband 10 Pay { Married { { { Widow 51 { { Put on street by husband 10 77 12.78% { { Single 48 125 20.49% ---------------
{ Relative 11 { Lover 5 Force { { Playmate 3 { Stranger 43 62 10.16% ---------------
Weakness 26 4.26%
Physical predisposition 41 6.72%
Unknown 125 20.49% --- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 610
TABLE XXXVI
INSTITUTION CASES, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
PROSTITUTION, PRACTICED CONTINUOUSLY OR OCCASIONALLY
_No. cases_ _Percent._
Continuously 445 72.95
{ Working girls 48 Occasionally { { Married women 27 75 12.29
Unknown 14 2.30
Cases omitted, first offenders, etc. 76 12.46 ---------------- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 610
TABLE XXXVII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
WEEKLY EARNINGS FROM PROSTITUTION
----+-------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--- |Partial|Support|0-2| $5|$10|$15|$20|$25|$30|$35|$40|$45|$50|$55|$60 |Support| | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----+-------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--- High| | | | 2 | 1| 10| 6| 20| 11| 5| 5| 1| 36| | 5 Low | 4 | 77 | 3 | 8 | 18| 21| 20| 35| 11| 3| 9| | 28| | 4 ----+-------+-------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+--- ----+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ |$65|$70|$75|$80|$90|$100|$120|$125|$150|$200|$250|$400|$500| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ----+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ High| | 4 | 18| 5| 2| 41 | 4 | 3 | 20 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 1 | Low | | 17| 10| 4| 43| | 4 | 10 | 1 | 2 | | | | ----+---+---+---+---+---+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+ ---------+------- Total No.|Average Cases | ---------+------- 211 |$81.91 334 | 53.06 ---------+-------
TABLE XXXVIII
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
DISPOSITION OF EARNINGS FROM PROSTITUTION
To lover or any one { All given 138
## acting as pimp, except {
husband { Part given 9 147 To husband 31 To parents or children 45 To self 216 Unknown 171 --- TOTAL 610
TABLE XXXIX
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
DISEASES INCIDENTAL TO PROSTITUTION
(_Clinically Determined_)
_Cases_ _Percent._ No disease 75 47.4 Syphilis 25 Gonorrhea 49 Syphilis and gonorrhea 9 52.5 --- TOTAL NUMBER OF CASES 158
Only institution cases are counted in which a physical examination has been given. All are taken from the records of Waverly House and the Church Mission of Help. But all of their cases were not examined. That is, out of 158 cases where they deemed an examination desirable 52.5 per cent were found to be diseased.
TABLE XL
CASES IN INSTITUTIONS, OTHER THAN BEDFORD
CAUSES. REASONS GIVEN BY THE GIRL
_A. In connection with her family_ 1. Neglect or abuse 41 2. Immorality of parents 25 3. Over strictness 21 4. Over indulgence 3 5. Poverty 27 6. Incompatibility (quarrels, nagging, etc.) 27 7. Father, mother or near relative put girl in life 6 8. Turned out of the house 18----168
_B. In connection with married life_ 1. Incompatibility 8 2. Non-support 24 3. Immorality (including cruelty or criminality) 29 4. Desertion 12 5. Death 16 6. Husband put girl in the life 26----115
_C. Personal reasons_ 1. "Ruined anyway" 15 2. Lover put girl in the life 80 3. Desertion by lover 33 4. White slave (put into life by force) 21 5. Bad company 108 6. Dances and shows 23 7. Love of excitement or a good time 58 8. Lazy, won't work 12 9. Love of money (a business enterprise) 3 10. Idle or lonely 0 11. No sex instruction 6 12. Ashamed to go home after first escapade 23 13. Not satisfied with one man 7 14. "Born bad"--enjoys the life 2 15. Previous use of drugs or drink 11 16. Stage environment 9 17. Tired of drudgery (usually housework) 16 18. "Easy money" 58 19. Love of clothes 7----492
_D. Economic reasons_ 1. Can't support herself 67 2. Can't support herself and children or parents 37 3. Can't live according to her standards 17 4. Out of work, can't get work (often because of) 60 5. Ill health or defect 53 6. Not trained for skilled work and above the unskilled 2----236 --------- TOTAL 1011
[Illustration: GRAPH ILLUSTRATING TABLE XLI]
TABLE XLI
STREET CASES
BIRTHPLACE
_American Born_ {New York City 234 {Brooklyn 20 {Staten Island 1 {Other cities in New York 36 {New York State (country) 53 California 8 Colorado 5 Connecticut 26 Delaware 2 District of Columbia 1 Florida 2 Georgia 2 Illinois 14 Indiana 1 Iowa 1 Kansas 2 Kentucky 10 Louisiana 5 Maryland 8 Maine 3 Massachusetts 25 Michigan 13 Mississippi 1 Missouri 10 Nebraska 1 New Hampshire 2 New Jersey 63 Ohio 35 Pennsylvania 95 Rhode Island 6 South Carolina 3 Tennessee 2 Texas 4 Vermont 7 Virginia 20 Washington 1 West Virginia 6 Wisconsin 3 Unknown 31 ---- TOTAL AMERICAN BORN, 762
_Foreign Born_ Austria-Hungary 35 Belgium 1 Bohemia 1 Canada 13 Denmark 1 England-Scotland 32 France 13 Galacia 12 Germany 72 Ireland 29 Italy 8 Holland 1 Poland 4 Russia 107 Roumania 7 Sweden 5 Switzerland 3 ---- TOTAL Foreign born 344 31.04% American born 762 68.94% ---- GRAND TOTAL, 1106
TABLE XLII
STREET CASES
EDUCATION _No. Girls_
Does not read or write in any language 127
Reads and writes a foreign language 10
Reads and writes English, no further education 687
Reads and writes, how much more not given 222
Graduated from grammar grades, at least 46
{4 stenographers Some special education {2 translators 7 {1 linguist ---- TOTAL NUMBER CASES [313]1099
TABLE XLIII
STREET CASES
PROSTITUTION, PRACTICED CONTINUOUSLY OR OCCASIONALLY
_No. Cases_ _Percent._
Continuously 1049 94.84+
{Working girls 26 Occasionally { {Married women 7 33 2.98+
Unknown 24 2.17+ ---- TOTAL NUMBER CASES 1106
TABLE XLIV
STREET CASES
AGE
Years Number at First Number of age present age sexual entering offense prostitution 6 ... 2 1 8 ... 2 ... 10 ... 2 ... 12 ... 11 ... 13 ... 3 ... 14 ... 71 6 15 ... 85 26 16 ... 167 114 17 1 189 176 18 12 147 223 19 40 94 123 20 66 61 110 21 88 38 72 22 131 29 44 23 137 15 22 24 205 15 30 25 57 15 21 26 98 15 23 27 46 8 11 28 74 5 10 29 44 ... ... 30 36 3 2 31 3 ... ... 32 15 1 3 33 7 1 1 34 13 ... ... 35 8 1 1 36 3 ... ... 37 ... 1 1 38 2 1 1 40 11 ... ... 42 1 ... ... 44 3 ... ... 49 2 ... ... 50 3 ... ... Not given ... 124 81 ---- ---- ---- TOTAL 1106 1106 1106
Highest Age 50 38 38 Lowest Age 17 6 14 Average 25.62+ yrs. 17.87+ yrs. 19.44 yrs. Mode 24 11 18 Mean 33.5 22 25
TABLE XLV
STREET CASES
WEEKLY EARNINGS FROM PROSTITUTION
-------+-------+-------+----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+ |Partial|Support|0-$3|$5-$7|$10.00|$15.00|$20.00|$25.00|$30.00| |Support| | | | | | | | | -------+-------+-------+----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+ Highest| | 3 | | | 2 | 5 | 22 | 23 | 25 | Lowest | | 19 | 23 | 59 | 85 | 58 | 103 | 75 | 80 | -------+-------+-------+----+-----+------+------+------+------+------+
------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ $35.00|$40.00|$45.00|$50.00|$55.00|$60.00|$65.00|$70.00|$75.00|$80.00| | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ 12 | 73 | 34 | 90 | 38 | 80 | 21 | 39 | 76 | 61 | 64 | 53 | 24 | 81 | 12 | 23 | 7 | 6 | 17 | 10 | ------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+------+
------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ $85.00|$90.00|$95.00|$100.00|$110.00|$120.00|$125.00|$150.00|$175.00| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+ 23 | 22 | 2 | 103 | 22 | | 22 | 84 | 9 | | 4 | | 43 | | | 4 | 10 | | ------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+----------+------- $200.00|$250.00|$300.00|$400.00|$500.00|$1,000| No. Cases|Average | | | | | | Used | -------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+----------+------- 86 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1022 | 97.725 1 | 2 | | | | | 863 | 35.80 -------+-------+-------+-------+-------+------+----------+-------
TABLE XLVI
STREET CASES
OCCUPATIONS
_Before_ _After_ _Entering_ _Entering_ _Prostitution_ _Prostitution_
Artist 4 4 Artists' model 2 3 Canvasser 5 4 Chambermaid 9 1 Clerk in small store 28 16 Companion 1 1 Department store 117 68 Errand girl 1 ... Factory 72 21 Domestic service 27 20 Laundry 2 ... Librarian 1 ... Manicure 6 4 Massage 2 2 Millinery 13 2 Nurse girl 8 1 Office work 25 18 Palmist 2 2 Sewing 17 5 Stenographer 31 27 Storekeeper 1 2 Teacher 9 6 Telephone operator 9 5 Theatrical work 72 88 Trained nurse 4 3 Translator 1 1 Waitress 18 8 No work 518 ... Unknown 101 33 Supported by prostitution only ... 677 Supported by husband or family ... 83 Stealing ... 1 ---- ---- TOTAL NUMBER CASES 1106 1106
TABLE XLVII
STREET CASES
CAUSES OF FIRST SEXUAL OFFENSE
Love 441 39.87%
{ {Living with husband 51 Pay {Married {Separated from husband 41 { {Widow 33 { {Put on street by husband 28 153 13.84% { {Single 116 269 10.49% --- {Relative 26 2.35% Force {Lover 1 .09% by {Playmate 2 .18% {Stranger 32 2.89%
Weakness (yielded to importunities) 34 3.07%
Physical predisposition 84 7.60%
Unknown 217 19.62% ---- ------ TOTAL NUMBER CASES 1106
TABLE XLVIII
STREET CASES
CAUSES. REASONS GIVEN BY THE GIRL
_A. In connection with her family_ 1. Neglect or abuse 20 2. Immorality of parents 36 3. Over strictness 52 4. Over indulgence 11 5. Poverty 36 6. Incompatibility (quarrels, nagging, etc.) 20 7. No mother or no father, or neither 12 8. Father, mother or near relative put girl in the life 10 9. Turned out of the house 21 218
_B. In connection with married life_ 1. Incompatibility 31 2. Non-support 34 3. Immorality (including cruelty or criminality) 39 4. Desertion 34 5. Death 14 6. Put girl in the life 61 213
_C. Personal reasons_ 1. Ruined anyway 32 2. Lover put girl in the life 144 3. Desertion by lover 40 4. White slave (put in life by force) 6 5. Bad company 61 6. Dances and shows 1 7. Love of excitement or a good time 103 8. Lazy, won't work 49 9. Love of money (a business enterprise) 50 10. Idle or lonely 19 11. Ashamed to go home after first escapade 13 12. "Born bad"--enjoys the life 116 13. Previous use of drugs or drink 1 14. Stage environment 36 15. Tired of drudgery (usually housework) 42 16. "Easy money" 58 17. Love of clothes 85 866
_D. Economic reasons_ 1. Can't support herself 33 2. Can't support herself and children or parents 55 3. Out of work 42 4. Ill health or defect 9 139 -------------- TOTAL 1436
In many cases, more than one reason was given, which explains the large _total_.
TABLE XLIX
RANK NUMERICALLY OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES CONTRIBUTING TO POPULATION OF NEW YORK CITY COMPARED WITH THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARD 2363 PROSTITUTES
I II III ----------------------------------------------------------- Foreign born _Bedford_ _Other Institutions_ population 647 cases 610 cases of New York 156 foreign 175 foreign City born born ----------------------------------------------------------- 1. Russia Russia Russia 2. Italy Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary 3. Germany Germany Germany 4. Austria-Hungary Ireland Ireland 5. Ireland England-Scotland England-Scotland 6. England-Scotland France Canada 7. France Italy Italy 8. France -----------------------------------------------------------
IV V -------------------------------------- _Street Prostitutes_ _Combined_ 1106 cases 2363 cases 344 foreign born 664 foreign born -------------------------------------- Russia Russia Germany Germany Austria-Hungary Austria-Hungary England-Scotland Ireland Ireland England-Scotland France-Canada France-Canada (equal) (equal) Italy Italy
--------------------------------------
TABLE L
COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF NEW YORK CITY AS TO BIRTHPLACE COMPARED WITH BIRTHPLACE OF 2363 PROSTITUTES
---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------- | I | II | III | IV ---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------- Population of New |_1910_[314] | Percentage | Prostitutes |Percentage York City | 4,766,883 | of | 2363 | of | --------- | Population | cases |prostitutes | --------- +------------+-------------+----------- Native White | 2,741,504 | 57.3% | 1586 | 67.1 Foreign White | 1,927,720 | 40.43 | 664 | 28.0 Negro | 91,702 | 1.92 | 113 | 4.78 All other | 5,957 | .12 | ... | ... ---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------- _Of the foreign born_| | _Percent. | | | |entire pop._| | ---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------- Russia | 485,600 | 10.18 | 197 | 8.33 Italy | 340,400 | 7.14 | 21 | .88 Germany | 279,200 | 5.85 | 122 | 5.12 Austria-Hungary | 265,500 | 5.57 | 110 | 4.65 Ireland | 252,500 | 5.29 | 58 | 2.45 England-Scotland | 104,100 | 2.18 | 57 | 2.41 France | 18,200 | .38 | 25 | 1.05 ---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+----------- Canada | ... | ... | 25 | 1.05 ---------------------+------------+------------+-------------+-----------
TABLE LI
COMPARISON OF EARNINGS AT PREVIOUS OCCUPATIONS OF BEDFORD CASES WITH THOSE OF OTHER INSTITUTIONS AND WITH THE STREET CASES
_Average_ { Domestic service { High $4.50 } with 52 cases Bedford { { Low 3.00 } board 52 " { Other occupations { High 8.00 110 " { { Low 4.00 100 "
{ Domestic service { High 5.00 } with 156 " Other { { Low 4.50 } board 156 " Institutions { Other occupations { High 6.00 377 " { { Low 5.00 377 "
{ Domestic service { High 5.43 } with 30 " Street { { Low 4.29 } board 27 " Cases { Other occupations { High 13.92 420 " { { Low 9.88 332 "
TOTAL CASES CONSIDERED: Domestic service 238 Other occupations 907--1145
##