Part 14
I myself have contributed nothing to the application of analysis to education. It was natural, however, that the analytic discoveries as to the sexual life and mental development of children should attract the attention of educators and make them see their problems in a new light. Dr. Oskar Pfister, a protestant pastor at Zurich, led the way as a tireless pioneer along these lines, nor did he find the practice of analysis incompatible with the retention of his religion, though it is true that this was of a sublimated kind. Among the many others who worked alongside of him, I may mention Frau Dr. Hug-Hellmuth and Dr. S. Bernfeld, both of Vienna. The application of analysis to the prophylactic education of healthy children and to the correcting of those who, though not actually neurotic, have deviated from the normal course of development, has led to one consequence which is of practical importance. It is no longer possible to restrict the practice of psychoanalysis to physicians and to exclude laymen from it. In fact, a physician who has not been through a special training is, in spite of his diploma, a layman in analysis, and a non-physician who has been suitably trained can, with occasional reference to a physician, even carry out the analytic treatment of neuroses.
By a process of development against which it would have been useless to struggle, the word “psychoanalysis” has itself become ambiguous. While it was originally the name of a particular therapeutic method, it has now also become the name of a science—the science of unconscious mental processes. By itself this science is seldom able to deal with a problem completely, but it seems destined to give important contributory help in a large number of regions of knowledge. The sphere of application of psychoanalysis extends as far as that of psychology, to which it forms a complement of the greatest moment.
Looking back, then, over the patch-work of my life’s labours, I can say that I have made many beginnings and thrown out many suggestions. Something will come of them in the future. But I cannot tell myself whether it will be much or little.
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Footnote 1:
These laws are on the statutes of the Austrian Republic.
Footnote 2:
[The present work appeared originally in Volume 4 of _Die Medizin der Gegenwart in Selbstdarstellungen_ (Leipzig: Felix Meiner, 1925), a collection of autobiographical studies by leaders of the medical profession.]
Footnote 3:
The lectures were first published (in English) in the _American Journal of Psychology_ (1910); the original German was issued under the title of _Ueber Psychoanalyse_, (Vienna, 1910).
Footnote 4:
_These Eventful Years_ (New York, 1924). My essay translated by Dr. A. A. Brill, forms Chapter LXXIII of the second volume. [The original German appears in Vol. XI of Freud’s _Gesammelte Schriften_ (Vienna, 1927).]
Footnote 5:
Published in the _Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse_, Vol. VI, 1914. [English translation in Freud’s _Collected Papers_, Vol. I].
Footnote 6:
[“It is in vain that you range around from science to science: each man learns only what he can learn.” _Faust_, Part I.]
Footnote 7:
The principal hospital in Vienna.
Footnote 8:
Freud, _Collected Papers_, Vol. I.
Footnote 9:
[The German word _Besetzung_, here translated “charge,” is applied by Freud to the sum of energy which he supposes to become attached (somewhat upon the analogy of an electric charge) to mental impulses, whether conscious or unconscious, when they are in a condition of activity. The recognized English technical translation of the word is “cathexis”. Trans.]
Footnote 10:
[First German edition, under the title of _Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexual theorie_, Vienna, 1905.]
Footnote 11:
_Die Traumdeutung_, Vienna, 1900.
Footnote 12:
_Zur Psychopathologie des Alltagslebens_, Berlin, 1904.
Footnote 13:
[A branch society has since been formed in France.—Trans.]
Footnote 14:
“Die Psychoanalyse Freud’s,” _Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen_, Bd. II, 1910.
Footnote 15:
[The public mental hospital at Zurich.—Trans.]
Footnote 16:
“On the History of the Psycho-Analytic Movement.”
Footnote 17:
[See foot-note, p. 35.]
Footnote 18:
_Jenseits des Lustprinzips_, Vienna, 1920, _Massenpsychologie und Ichanalyse_, Vienna, 1921, and _Das Ich und das Es_, Vienna, 1923.
Footnote 19:
_Jahrbuch für psychoanalytische und psychopathologische Forschungen_, Bd. III, 1911. English translation in Freud’s _Collected Papers_, Vol. IV.
Footnote 20:
Published in the _Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse_ between 1915 and 1917. English Translation in Freud’s _Collected Papers_, Vol. IV.
Footnote 21:
_The Ego and the Id._
Footnote 22:
[The comic French soldier of fortune in _Minna von Barnhelm_, who is amazed when his sharp practice at cards is described as cheating: “Comment, Mademoiselle? Vous appelez cela ‘cheating’? Corriger la fortune, l’enchaîner sous ses doigts, être sûr de son fait—do the Germans call that ‘cheating’? Cheating! Oh, what a poor language, what a crude language German must be!”—_Trans._]
Footnote 23:
[The present work originally formed part of a series of medical autobiographies.—_Trans._]
Footnote 24:
_Das Inzest-Motiv in Dichtung und Sage_, Vienna, 1912.
Footnote 25:
_Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewussten_, Vienna, 1905.
Footnote 26:
_Totem und Tabu_, Vienna, 1913.
Footnote 27:
_The Ego and the Id_, and _Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego_.
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TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
● Typos fixed; non-standard spelling and dialect retained. ● Used numbers for footnotes, placing them all at the end of the last chapter. ● Enclosed italics font in _underscores_.