CHAPTER XXXVII
.
WINNING THE WORLD TO THE WORSHIP OF THE ONE GOD.
There is a cry in Burmah, and a rush Of thousand footsteps from the distant bound Of watery Siam and the rich Cathay. Not for food Or raiment ask they. Simply girding on The scanty garment o’er the weary limb, They pass unmarked the lofty domes of wealth Inquiring for a stranger. There he stands; The mark of foreign climes is on his brow; He hath no power, no costly gifts to deal Among the people, and his lore perchance The earth-bowed worldling, with his scales of gold, Accounteth folly. Yet to him is raised Each straining eyeball, “Tell us of the Christ!” And like the far-off murmur of the sea Lashed by the tempest, swelled their blended tone, “Sir, we would hear of Christ. Give us a scroll Bearing His name.” MRS. L. H. SIGOURNEY.
Before concluding the pleasant task upon which he has been engaged so long, the author feels that it will be necessary to meet the expectation that he should say something about the work of bringing the world back to its first worship. At first, we have seen, the world worshiped one God; then many gods and idols were introduced. Repeated efforts to restore the pure worship of primitive times ended in failure. Zoroaster tried and failed; Buddha tried, and _he_ failed; Mohammed tried, and _he_ failed; Jesus the Christ tried, and _He_ did not fail.
WHY GIVE THE GOSPEL TO THE WORLD?
[Illustration: TWO NEW ZEALANDERS: THE SAVAGE TE WETERE AND THE CHRISTIAN TE KOTE.]
The ground of the success of Christianity lies in its superior character. Its revelations are clearer and fuller, its motives are purer, and its hopes are higher than those of any heathen system. One may glean the choicest sayings of the masters of religious teachings, and in comparison with those of Jesus the Christ, their light is as that of a candle compared with the light of the sun. Undoubtedly this conviction has forced itself upon the mind of the reader as he has considered the various systems of religion; that there is not one among them all that can do for the world that which Christianity can accomplish. Compare the founders of religions with the Founder of Christianity, in their lives, characters and teachings. Compare together the sacred books; the Vedas, the laws of Manu, the Zend-Avesta, the Tripitakas and the Koran, with the Bible. Compare the effects of these religions upon the political, social, civil and domestic life of the people with the effects of Christianity; compare Christian and heathen lands, Christian and heathen homes, Christian and heathen governments. Compare the best parts of the best of heathen religions with any part of Christianity. One cannot but see the marked contrasts, and the infinite superiority of Christianity. This being so, then does it not follow that they who are seeking to give the Gospel of Jesus the Christ to the world are rendering a service to the cause of humanity? And they are but obeying the command of Jesus Christ to “preach the Gospel to every creature.” A young curate, who had fed on Sydney Smith’s diet of sarcastic witticisms, once approached the Duke of Wellington with the question, “Do you not think that the work of converting the Hindus is all a fanatical farce?” “Look to your marching orders, sir!” the stern old Iron Duke replied. Common gratitude moves us to desire that the world shall be made to know of Jesus Christ. When we read of the worship of our heathen ancestors, and remember that we should have been doing to-day as they did, had it not been for the Christian men who took the Gospel to England, we feel new obligations resting upon us. Further, all things are working to this end. Inventions, explorations, the discoveries of science, progress in government, everything waits upon this work.
THE STORY OF THE WORK.
It began 1,850 years ago. A Christian man named Paul went among the heathen of Asia Minor and South-eastern Europe--among the worshipers of the gods of Greece and Rome--to tell them of Christ. He was accompanied by other Christians. They met with considerable success, though they were made to suffer for it.
In later years, from Rome, that had then become the centre of Christianity, other Christians went to Western Europe. From Greenland, of the Arctic Zone, to the West Indies, of the Tropics, Christianity was extended. Nation after nation gave up its idols, cruel customs were abolished, and a purer life and worship was begun. But it was left for the last hundred years to witness the development of this work to its greatest extent.
THE PRESENT POSITION OF THE CHRISTIAN ARMY.
The Christian camp-fires are lighted and the tents of the Christian army have been erected in almost every land of the globe. The conquering army pursues only peaceful methods; it does not seek to drive but to win; not to harm but to help. In gaining its present position many lives have been lost, many sacrifices have been made. It has had to contend for the ground it occupies, inch by inch; the forces of idolatry have been mustered against its advance. The giant Goliath, Heathenism, has counted on a speedy destruction of the stripling David, Christianity. One country after another has opened its doors to the coming of Christianity. India, in the year 1705, opened her doors only to close them again after a little; since 1830, however, the work has been prosecuted vigorously. China, in 1807, and Japan, in 1859, welcomed the first Protestant Christian missionaries. Thus, too, other countries of Asia, Africa and the Islands of the Pacific have received the Christian heralds, within the last hundred years. Now behold them marshaled for the fight. Let us hastily glance at the various fields in succession.
A FLIGHT OVER THE FIELDS.
Let us rub our Aladdin’s lamps, and summon the genii to bear us away over the world. Let us on imagination’s swift wings fly over the battle-fields.[9]
In _Japan_ we see Buddhism being galvanized into a new life for the moment, and Shintoism cast off by the government and in great part by the people. We see a few new temples being erected, but many old ones falling into ruins. Western ideas have been introduced, and western civilization is making rapid progress in this most eastern land. One hundred and twenty-three Christian missionaries have won 3,000 Japanese to join their churches. The Japanese have the New Testament in their own language. Corea has just been reached by missionaries, and the New Testament is being published in the Corean language.
Old China is being brought to the childhood of conversion to Christ; her conservatism is passing away; her exclusive policy is being yielded up; her hatred of the foreigners (the “foreign devils” and “barbarians”) is being overcome and replaced by respect and in some cases by love. To-day a man behaving himself properly and not bearing himself insolently, can travel unmolested in any part of China, even where foreigners once were murdered. Every one of its provinces has been visited by Christian missionaries; in almost all they reside. The language (said to have been invented by the devil to perplex missionaries) is very thoroughly understood and used. Their false science and law is being replaced by true instruction. Christ is taking Confucius’s place, as it is seen that his teaching can never regenerate China. Buddha’s dreary faith of annihilation, and Lao-tze’s superstitious materialism are being slowly yielded up by the people. The taking of this Gibraltar of heathenism is by no means accomplished; yet her walls are being scaled, and a foothold on their summit gained. They that have turned the world upside down have gone thither also. By unique and unexpected providence, God is aiding His workers. The recent terrible famine was such a providence. Yet while the number of converts is not great, a very great deal of unseen work has been accomplished. It seems as though a whole legion of devils catch up the seed of the Gospel sown in China, almost as quickly as it touches the ground; still some, and much, brings forth good fruit. Considering the powerful opposition, the gigantic obstacles, the almost insurmountable difficulties, that there should be 19,000 living Chinese Christians to-day, and probably 85,000 nominal Christians, is surprising. To-day 496 missionaries are at work in China, seeking to convert its 400,000,000 people.
Moravian missionaries are preaching the Gospel of Christ on the borders of Thibet, the stronghold of Buddhism. It is here that the Buddhist Lama or Pope resides.
In Siam great changes have recently occurred. The country is now open to foreigners; a missionary is in charge of the government school and this nation, like Japan, seems to be progressing toward the light. Twenty-four missionaries (one among Chinese colonists), with 631 converts represent the strength of the church there.
In Assam “the light of a brighter day gilds the hill-tops and spreads along the valleys, ripening the long corn-fields for the reaper’s sickle.” Long and patient toil has not as yet been rewarded with great harvest gatherings, but the missionaries look forward in patient waiting for a better day. There are 13 churches, with 1,800 members; 26 missionaries, and 75 native preachers.
There are European missionaries in Borneo, Celebes, and the Moluccas; among the aborigines of Australia, and in the Island of Mauritius.
What a grand work has been done in Burmah, where missionary labor has been so emphatically blessed; among Burmese, Karens, Shans and Kakyens. The young mission at Bhamo is in a precarious condition at present, owing to the relations of King Thee-bau to England; yet the missionaries there stand by their posts. The Buddhism of Burmah seems as yet but little affected by the presence of Christianity; the work among the Karens has made more rapid progress than among the Burmese, because of the preparation for the Gospel by their singular traditions and prophecies. There are 23,000 Christians, the nucleus of a Christian community of about 75,000. There are 103 missionaries in Burmah.
[Illustration: A MISSIONARY HOME IN BURMAH.]
India has been very thoroughly evangelized. The opposition of the representatives of so-called Christian nations, the strength of caste, and the attachment to the elaborate system of Hinduism were the principal obstacles to the progress of Christianity. Five-sixths of all the converts are from the lower castes or ranks of the people. By education in mission-schools, but mainly by direct preaching, about 115,000 converts have been made. There is a native Christian community (M. A. Sherring says) of a half a million. Six hundred and seven missionaries were at work in 1875. One of the most extraordinary events of all modern missionary history was the sudden turning of the thousands of Teloogoos to Christ. The people of India have been greatly enlightened, thought awakened, and a wonderful transformation is occurring. The sacrifice of infants, the horrible practice of suttee, the Juggernaut festivals, are no more tolerated. English and American ladies have gained an entrance into the zenanas, and the women of India are becoming aware of a new life of which they never dreamed. All over India, Christian villages and churches dot the land; and before another generation has passed away, if the increase shall be proportionate to the recent past, India will be a Christian country. The Brahmo-Somaj, a sort of reform on Brahminism, has recently drawn very near to Christianity, and as illustrated by Keshub Chunder Sen’s recent remarkable address may soon become a Christian body.
Little has been undertaken in Afghanistan, Beloochistan or Arabia, as yet. There are 29 missionaries and 1,376 converts in Persia. The converts are principally from the Nestorians, who have long been nominally Christians. Access to the Mohammedans is becoming easier.
In Turkey, momentous changes are occurring. The despicable, despotic government is losing its power. Here the first triumphs of the first missionaries were won. The old Armenian race, the Anglo-Saxons of the East, who received Christianity in the fourth century, have in later years shown a remarkable readiness to receive Protestant preaching. The Mohammedans, here as elsewhere, are almost inaccessible. In Constantinople alone, a city of the size of Philadelphia, they have 300 mosques. There are 158 missionaries in Turkey, and 7,200 converts, and 14,000 children in their schools. In Syria there is a strong missionary body. It is difficult to reach the Jews, Mussulmans and Christians (Greek and Roman Catholic churches), because of their exceeding religiosity. The American Congregationalists and Presbyterians, and also the Church of England, have missionaries here. There are 1,317 Protestant Christians, 110 missionaries, and 12,057 scholars in Syria.
Central Asia is almost the only part of the world yet closed against the Gospel, though even here a little has been done by the brave old Joseph Wolff and English officers.
Africa, the dark continent, has a population of about 200,000,000. Mohammedanism has thoroughly overrun Africa, especially the northern portions. Fetichism, the lowest form of idolatry, holds the great mass of the African peoples. There are two missions in Egypt; the British, with one missionary and two stations, and the American, with twenty-two missionaries, thirty-four stations and 1,000 members, mainly from the Copts, an old Christian sect. The children in the mission-schools are mostly Mohammedan. In South Africa twelve or fifteen societies have not less than 40,000 converts. The western coast, from Sierra Leone to the Gulf of Guinea, is fringed with Christian missions. At the mouth of the Congo, on the west, and on the Niger and Zanzibar coast, on the east, the missions are flourishing. The greatest interest attaches to the very recent occupancy of Central Africa. On November 15th, 1876, Stanley’s famous letter, mentioning King Mtesa’s request for Christian teachers, was received. A few days after, $20,000 were offered to found a mission at Victoria Nyanza. Within seven months a picked party of seven missionaries stood on the eastern shore of Africa. They have experienced great difficulties and met with slight success.
Madagascar may be called a Christian country now, as may also the Sandwich Islands, the British West Indies, and, perhaps, the greater part of the islands of Polynesia. In Mexico, and in South America, as in the Papal lands of Europe, Protestant missionaries are laboring.
“The field is the world;” the motto is--the world for Christ and Christ for the world. The great triumphs of the past are being eclipsed by the greater ones of the present. The old decrepit and deformed sects of Christianity, long sleeping if not long dead, are taking on a new life. The Pagan religions are attempting the impossible task of preventing the incoming of Christianity; but their thraldom is broken, and everywhere the dropping of the broken fetters is heard. Mohammedanism alone is gathering itself with vigor to resist and repel and overcome Christianity, but its sword has been wrested from its grasp. The conquests of Christianity have not been won by might of sword; her victories over old faiths have not been gained by worldly wisdom. By love, by persuasion, by patient toil and suffering, the self-offered but God-called missionaries have done this work. God be praised for their lives, their works and their successes. May the day soon come when, his “Gospel having been published throughout the whole world for a testimony to all the nations,” Christ, by whose command they went forth, shall come and gather out of all nations His own!
INDEX.
Abhidharma, 514
Abu Bekr, 728
Abyssinia, 724
Adar, 130
Aditi, 216
Africa, 341
African Religion, 89, 341; Missions, 776
African Travelers, 341
Agni, 216
Agra, 760
Agricola, 195
Agriculture, Temple of, at Peking, 467
Ahriman, 410
Ainos, 716
Akamatz, 669, 673
Alaskans, 362, 371
Alexander, 412
Alger, W. R., 741
Allegory of Winter and Spring, 369
Altars, 60
Amaterasu, 311
Amazon sun-worship, 377
American Indians, 361; Traditions of Deluge, 72
Amon, 104
Ancestors, Worship of, 364, 481, 486
Angkor, 592
Anubis, 104
Apis, 106
Apollo and Hermes, 159
Arabian Night’s Entertainment, 567
Arab slave-dealers, 341
Araucanians, 378
Arhans, 626, 687
Arnold, Edwin, 500, 507, 522, 598
Arnold, Matthew, 184
Asakusa, 673
Ashtoreth, 141
Asoka, 513, 527, 532, 540
Assamese Missions, 773
Asshur, 127
Assyrian Triad, 128; Bull, 135
Atagosa-Yama, 686
Athens, 167
Augustine, 209
Avesta, 411
Aztecs, 53, 379
Baal, 142, 194
Baalbec, Temple of Sun at, 583
Baal-Peor, 141
Babel, Chaldean story of, 74
Babylon, 135
Bangkok, Pagoda of, 576
Baruch, 138
Basutos, 347
Bear Worship, 717
Beatitudes of Buddha, 520
Beggars, Buddhist, 523
Begging-bowl, 525
Bel, 128
Bell of Osaka, 691
Bells, The, 578
Benares, 255, 502, 508
Benten, 328, 678
Benzura, 680
Berosus, 63, 74, 121, 128
Bible and Idolatry, 74
Bible of Thibet, 609
Bible testimony to first worship, 34
Bidasu, 657
Binzurn, 680
Bishamon, 328
Black Stone, 721
Bodhidharma, 615, 657
Bombay, 518
Bonny, 355
Bon Religion, 598
Bonzes, Chinese, 651
Book of the Dead, Egyptian, 108
Books of Brick, 123
Booldo, 654
Borsippa, 136
Bo-tree, 507, 539, 550; of Ceylon, 546
Bowring, Sir John, 588
Boyesen, 200
Boy, Moslem, 752
Boy, The Old, 424
Brahma, 216
Brahmanas, 217
Brahminism, 92, 502
Brahmins and Gautama, 507
Brick Books, 123
Bricks of Chaldea, 122
Bridge-ladder, Turning the, 483
Britain in ancient times, 186
Brittan, Miss H. G., 295
Browning, Mrs. E., 84
Buddha, 500; Gautama becomes, 508; and Christ, 509–512
Buddhaghosha, 514, 528, 550; Parables of, 528
Buddhas, The Three Precious, 625
Buddha’s Tooth, Worship of, 553
Buddhism, 87, 93, 500; in China, 420, 611; in India and Ceylon, 532; in Burmah, 555; in Siam, 575; in Thibet, 598; in Corea, 654; in Japan, 656
Buddhist Councils, 527
Buddhist Saint’s Tomb, 590
Bull, Assyrian, 135
Burmese Buddhism, 555; Missions, 773
Burmese Superstitions, 570
Bushmen, 346
Byron, 536
Cæsar, 192, 527
Cairo University, 720
Calf, Golden, 140
Caliphs, 728
Cambyses, 106
Camel Driver, 721
Canton, 615, 626, 637
Canton, Examination Hall in, 473
Caste, 222
Cathay, 699
Causes of decay in religion, 84
Cave of Idols, 596
Cazembe Fetich-man, 351
Cemetery at Mecca, 727
Centaurs, 163
Ceremony of Water-lamps, 653
Ceres and Liber, 179
Ceylonese Buddhism, 540; Bible, 554
Chair of Nails, 652
Chaldean story of Deluge, 64; of Babel, 74; Tablets, 119
Champollion, 100
Channa, 507
Chaos, 154
Charlemagne, 527
Charms, Chinese, 439
Childe Harold, 536
Children taught to worship idols, 230, 490
China, 416; religions of, 94, 416, 419; Missions in, 771
Chinese Deities, 56; Languages, 418; Home Life, 478; Buddhism, 611; Idols, 641; Devotees, 652
Chinese in Siam, 596
Chinese tradition of early ages, 44; of Deluge, 69
Christ and Buddha, 509–512; and other Masters, 767
Christian and Buddhist ideas, 515
Christianity’s Conquest, 95, 767; in Great Britain, 195
Clement of Alexandria, 104
Coffee, King, 346
Coleridge, S. T., 47
Colossal Buddha, 632, 693
Comparative religion, 35
Confucianism, 94, 419
Confucian Temples, 461, 471
Confucius, 445, 710; and Lao-Tsze, 425
Constantine the Great, 513, 527, 754
Corea, 654, 699
Corean Priest, 657; Buddhism, 687
Corinth, 168
Costumes of Chaldea, 125
Councils of the Buddhists, 527
Creation, Traditions of, 62, 307
Cross and Crescent, 766
Crusades, 733
Cuneiform Letters, 124
Cunningham, A., 540
Cyclops, 154
Cypress-tree of Ceylon, 532, 546
Dagabas, 548, 620
Dagon, 58
Dai Butsu of Kamakura, 693; of Nara, 699
Daikoku, 323, 678
Dalai Lama, 600
Dante, 527
Dead and living Religions, 82
Dead, Egyptian Book of the, 108
Dead Pan, 85
Dead Religions, 84
Delhi, 754
Deluge, Traditions of, 66
Dervishes, 748
Devil Mask, 549
Devils, Driving out, 705
Devotees, 281; of China, 652
Dharma, 514
Diana of Ephesus, 171, 583
Dining-room of a Buddhist Temple, 670
Dispersion of the Nations, 45
Do-nothing Sect, 654
Doolittle, J., 653
Douglass, R. K., 446
Dragon Boat-race, 436
Druids, 188
Du Chaillu, P., 358
Dyaus, 214
Ebisu, 326
Ebn-el Farid, 77
Edda, 199
Edkins, J., 419
Egyptian Architect, 38
Egyptian Book of the Dead, 108
Elephanta, Cave of, 256
Elephant, Palace of, 579
Elephant, White, 588
Elfin story, 205
Elijah, 144, 621
Elysian Fields, 518
Emerald Idol, 579
English Heathenism, 185
Ephesian Diana, 171
Erebus, 154
Etruscan Religion, 174
Europe, 92
Examinations in China, 473
Exodus of Nations, 45
Fa Hian, 599, 612
Fakirs, 279
Farrar, F. W., 290
Fetich, 350
Field, H. M., 97, 473, 758
Fielde, A. M., 498
Fijian Temple, 391
Fiji Islanders’ Tradition of the Deluge, 71
Fire Crackers, 499
Fire-god’s Secret, 393
Fire-worshipers, 407
First Hymns, 53
First Worship, 33
Five Hundred Gods Temple, in China, 626; in Japan, 687
Flight of Mohammed, 719, 725
Flowing Invocation, 715
Foism, 611
“Footsteps of the Law”, 518
Fox-worship, 703
Freiligrath, F., 41
Fuji-yama, 329, 708
Fukuroku Jin, 322
Funeral in Japan, 711
Funeral of Burmese Monk, 571
Funeral of Siamese King, 596
Funeral Ritual of Egypt, 104
Funeral Temple of Siam, 578
Gabriel’s Message, 724
Gambler’s God, 498
Ganesha, 265
Ganges, 255, 272
Garden, Buddhist, 562
Gata and Karpara, 40
Gate-ways of Shinto Temples, 332
Gathas, 409
Gautama, 502
Gedeen-tubpa, 600
Genii of Assyria, 132
Goddess of Mercy, 632; of women, 637
God of Letters, 438; of War, 439; of Riches, 440; of Kitchen, 493
Gods, African, 343; Japanese, 703
Gods of Taoism, 434
Gounja-Gounja, 345
Grand Lama, 607
Graves, Worship at, 631
Gray, J. H., 443
Great Spirit, 364
Greek Tradition of Deluge, 72
Greek Tradition of Early Ages, 44
Gregory the Great, 208
Griffis, W. E., 658, 667
Grouping Religions, 77
Guards of Temple, 677
Gutzlaff, C., 69
Gwalior, Cave of, 257
Hachiman, 678
Hairs of White Elephant, 587
Hamonim, 654
Hardwick, C., 61, 428
Hardy, Spence, 502, 514
Haroun-al-Raschid, 732
Heine, H., 575
Hejira, 725
Hell, Chinese idea of, 642; Japanese idea of, 688, 700
Hemis, Monastery of, 600
Herculaneum, 183
Hercules, 163
Hermes and Apollo, 159
Herodotus, 97
Hesiod, 151
Hiawatha, 368
Hieroglyphics, 50, 100
Hilaire, B. St., 500, 510
Hindu Tradition of Early Ages, 44
Hindu Tradition of Deluge, 68
Hiogo Buddha, 666
H’lassa, 599; Cathedral, 603
Holy men of Hindus, 279
Holy Scriptures, 518
Homer, 151
Homes, Chinese, 478
Hooghly River Mosque, 742
Horrors, Temple of, 642
Hotei, 327, 703
Hottentots, 345, 349
Household gods of Japan, 321
Howqua, 478
Human Sacrifices in Britain, 192; among Hindus, 225
Humbert, Aime, 656
Humboldt, 387
Ibsambul, 99
Idolatry and the Bible, 74
Idol, Emerald, 579; Sleeping, 579
Idol of Buddha, 509
Idols and Koran, 738
Ilu, 127
Imám, 742
Inari, 703
Incarnations of Vishnu, 299
Incas, 383
India, 92, 532; Missions in, 773
Indian Tradition of Deluge, 72
Indians of America, 363; Legends, 367
Initiation Ceremony, 523
Insect-god, 349
Ise, 332
Ishtar, 130
Izanagi and Izanami, 308
Jacob, 138
Jagan-nath, 233
Jains, 518, 532
Janus, 180
Japanese Customs, 709
Japanese Gods, 703
Japanese Pilgrims, 669, 709
Japanese Poem, 709
Japanese Shintoism, 94; Buddhism, 656
Japanese story of Creation, 307
Japanese Superstitions, 712
Japan, Mission in, 771
Jesuit Missionaries, 666
Jesus and Buddha, 509–512; and Koran, 737
Jimmu Tenno, 313, 319
Jingu Kogo, 687
Jogees, 532
Jonas, 535
Joong, 654
Joshua, 138
Joss-stick, 461, 620
Jove, 176
Judge of Hell, 700
Judgment, 739
Judson, A., 767
Judson, Emily C., 402, 555
Juggernaut, 233
Jummah Musjid, 754
Juno, 178
Jupiter, 164, 177
Kaaba, 721
Kaang, 346
Kaffirs, 351
Kakavanna, King, 529
Kali, 240
Kamakura, 661, 693
Kandy, 553
Karens, 402, 555
Karnak, 113
Keshub Chunder Sen, 212
Khadija, 723
Kin-mu, 654
Kitchen, God of, 493
Kitsune, 703
Kobe, 668, 687
Kobo Daishi, 657, 665
Koran, 734, 737
Koutub, 757
Krishna, 233
Kronos, 154
Kum-Fa, 637
Kushan Monastery, 622
Kwanon, 661; Temple of, 673; Picture of, 680
Kwan-te, God of War, 439
Kwan-Yin, 631, 645
Laban, 138
Lama, 600; Grand, 607
Lamaism, 598
Lamaist Bible, 609
Lao-Tsze, 416
Lenormant, 119
Leonowens, Mrs. A., 583
Leper King, 595
Letters, God of, 438
Leyden, 230
Living Worships, 86
Longfellow, H. W., 367, 611
Lotus Eaters, 161
Luther, R. M., 402
Luxor, 114
Ma-chu, 494, 498, 638
Maclear, G. F., 185
Magi, 410
Mahawanso, 554
Mahinda, 540, 549
Malayo-Polynesians, 387
Mandarin of China, 615
Mani Padee, 608
Manu’s Laws, 293
Mara, 508, 519
Marriage in Japan, 710
Mason, Francis, 555
Master Thief, Stories of, 37
Matsuri, 704
Maulmain Pagoda, 565
Mecca, 721, 727, 752, 763
Medicine Men, 364
Medina, 725
Memnon, 114
Mencius, 475
Mendes, 104
Mendicants, Buddhist, 523
Mercy, Goddess of, 632, 661, 673, 680
Merodach, 130
Meteor-gods, 58
Mexican Tradition of Early Ages, 43; of Deluge, 70
Michell, N., 210
Mikado of Japan, 657
Mikado’s Crest, 317
Milton, J., 138
Minerva, 179
Ming-ti, 611
Missionary and non-missionary Religions, 82
Missionary work, Christian, 767; in Japan and China, 771; in Thibet, 772; in Siam, Burmah, Assam and India, 773; in Turkey, 775; in Africa, 776
Mnevis, 104
Mohammed,
Mohammedanism, 87, 95, 522
Mohammedans, 210
Mohurrim, 764
Moloch, 143
Monasteries of China, 646
Monks, Buddhist, 525; Burmese, 571; of Thibet, 600
Monk’s Monument, 650
Monto Priests, 668; Creed of, 673
Monuments, Ancient, 50
Moon-god,
Moses,
Moslem Boy, 752
Moslems, 719
Mosque of Omar, 730
Mosques, 741; Worship in, 747
Mother’s Memorial, 715
Mother, The Goddess, 490
Mouhot, H., 592
Mountain, Sacred Japanese, 329, 708
Mpomo, 358
Muir, Sir W., 735
Müller, F. Max, 340, 407, 513, 517, 668
Müller, J. G., 362
Mummies, 104
Music lesson of Confucius, 450
Mystic sentence of Thibet, 606
Myths of Greece, 159
Nagkon Wat, 592
Nanking, 611, 621
Naoroji, 414
Nara, 699
Nats, 530, 566
Nature-worship, Beginning of, 51
Ndengei, 389
Nebo, 130
Nebuchadnezzar, 121
Nergal, 130
New Testament, 514
New Year’s Day in Japan, 704
Niam-Niams, 347
Nichiren, 658
Nick, Old, 198
Nigban, 517
Nio, 677
Nirvana, 517
Nitsukis, 703
Nixes, 206
Nobunaga, 665
Numa, 177
Oannes, 128
Oceanica, 387
Odyssey, 155, 162
Old Boy, 424
Olympus, 153
Omar, 729
Omens, 712
Om Mani Padmi Hum, 606
Ongole, 272
Original and Reformed Religions, 82
Ormazd, 409, 410
Osaka, 704
Osiris, 102
Othman, 732
Oudh, King of, 594
Pagoda, Shway-da-Gong of Rangoon, 557; of Maulmain, 565; of Wat Chang, Siam, 576
Pagodas, 122; of India, 269; of Burmah, 560; the Seven, 565; of China, 620
Pan is dead, 85
Papuans, 387
Paradise of Buddha, 517; of Mohammed, 518, 738
Parseeism, 88, 407
Parsees, 407
Parsee Worship, 414
Patagonians, 365, 378
Patna, Council of, 527
Paul, St., 164, 770
Pearly Emperor, 435
Pechaburi, 596
Peking, 461, 626, 652
Persia, 408
Peru, 372, 383
Peruvian Tradition of Early Ages, 43
Peter, St., Statue of, in Siam, 584
Petsi, King, 657
Phidian Jupiter, 164
Pilgrimage to Mecca, 763
Pilgrim, Japanese, 669, 673
Plagues of Egypt, 139
Pliny, 189
Poe, Edgar, 578
Poison-god, 394
Polyphemus, 162
Pombi, 344
Pompeii, 183
Pondicherry, 270
Pongyee, Burmese Monks, 571
Poor Mason, 39
Pope, 497
Porcelain Tower, 611, 621
Prayers, Sale of, 616
Praying for rain, 344
Praying-wheels in Thibet, 605; in China, 649
Priest, 651
Priest’s lament, 656
Priest’s trick, 350
Proposed treatment, 87
Proverbs and Precepts, Chinese, 431
Pyramids, 117
Queen of Heaven, 497
Ra, 102
Rahanda, 529
Raiden, 318, 319
Railroad in Japan, 662
Rain, Praying for, 344
Rajaratnacari, 554
Ramayana, 594
Rammohun Roy, 212, 221
Rangoon, 557
Reed, Sir Edw., 305
Refuges, The Three, 524
Relics of Buddhists, 540
Religions, missionary and non-missionary; dead and living; original and living, 38
Religions of the World, 500
Renunciation, The Grea, 506
Rewards and Punishments, Book of, 430
Rhampsinitos, 38
Rhys-David, 514, 524, 537, 603
Riches, God of, 440
Rogers, Captain, 529
Romans, Paul’s letter to, 182
Ruins of Egypt, 98
Sabellian Religion, 175
Sabines, 175
Sacred animals of Egypt, 106
Sacred books of Japan, 306
Sacred Bo-tree, 507, 539; of Ceylon, 546
Sacrifices, Human, 192, 225
Sage, The Little, 475
Sakya Muni, 502
Sailors’ Goddess, 494
Saint Hilaire, B., 500, 510
Sale of Prayers, 616
Samoyedes, 56
Sanchi Tope, 536
Sangha, 523
Sanno, 678
Sanskrit stories, 301
Sargon, Palace of, 132
Satan, 737
Saxon Paganism, 197
Sayings of Confucius, 456
Schaff, P., 748
Schiller, F. Von, 150
Schlegel, F. Von, 33
School-boy of China, 460
Schoolcraft, H., 368
Scottish story of the Shifty Lad, 40
Sea-God, 707
Sebek, 104
Secret Blessings, Book of, 433
Sects of Hindus, 218; Buddhists in Japan, 667
Serpent Idol, 59
Set, 103
Seven Pagodas, 565
Shakespeare, 203
Shamanism, 371, 555
Shanghai, 421
Shang-te, 463, 654
Shans, 555
Shasters, 298
Shiba, Temple of, 682
Shinran, 662
Shin-Shin Sect, 657, 668
Shinto Symbols, 681
Shintoism, 94, 656
Shoes, Putting off, 587
Shrines of Ise, 332
Shway-da-Gong Pagoda, 557
Siamese Buddhism, 575; Missions, 773
Siamese White Elephant, 588
Sigourney, Mrs. L. H., 767
Sikhs, 256
Sioux, 365
Siva, 216
Sleeping Idol, 579
Smith, Sidney, 769
Song of the Threshers, 101
Sotheby, 173
Soul, Bringing home the, 483
Southern migration, 92
Southey, 232
Spanish story of the Poor Mason, 39
Sphinx, 97, 112
Spires, 122
Spirit, Great, 364
Spirit-house, 390
Stanley, H. M., 356
Stoddard, R. H., 450, 460
Stonehenge, 188
Stories from the Sanskrit, 301
Stories of the Master Thief, 37
St. Paul, 164
St. Sophia, 748, 753
Student, The Tired, 475
Suddhodana, 502
Sun-child, 658
Sun-goddess of Japan, 313
Sun, Temple of, in Peking, 467
Sun-worship of Indians, 372
Superstitions, Japanese, 712
Suttee, 231, 296
Tae-Ping Rebellion, 621
Taj Mahal, 758
Talisman of Long Life, 424
Taoism, 416
Taoist Books, 428
Tao-te-king, 428
Tartar Woman, 601
Tartarus, 153
Taylor, B., 739, 741
Tektha, 567
Temple of Horrors, 642
Tengou, 707
Tennent, Sir E., 546, 548
Tennyson, Alfred, 77
Teraphim, 57, 138
Teshu Lumbo Monastery, 602
Testament, New, 514
Thibet, 598; Mission in, 772
Thor, 200
Thoth, 104
Thousand Lamas’ Temple, 626
Three Baskets, 513
Three Precious Buddhas, 625
Three Pure Ones, 434
Threshers, Song of, 101
Thunder, Japanese God of, 318, 319
Tien-chi, 56
Tient-sin, 652
Tinnevelly, 213
Tired Student, 475
Tissa, 540
Titans, 153
Tokio, 673, 682
Tooth, Buddha’s, 553
Topes, Buddhist, 508, 535
Torii, 332
Tortures of Holy Men, 283
Towers, 122
Traditions of man in early ages, 43; of creation, 62, 305; of deluge, 66
Trees, Sacred, 712
Triad, Assyrian, 128
Trick of Priests, 348
Tripitaka, 513, 545, 548
Tsong-khapa, 599
Tung-cho, 620
Turkish Mission, 775
Tussaud, Madame, 681
Umkululu, 347
Umritsur, 256
Universe, Greek conception of, 151; Hindu, 246
University at Cairo, 720
Varuna, 216
Vedas, 49, 54, 92, 286, 548
Vesta, 179
Vinaya, 514
Vindya Mountains, 507
Vinton, Mrs., 406
Virgil, 173
Vishnu, 216; incarnations of, 299
Visions of Gautama, 504
Visparad, 414
Walhalla, 199
War, God of, 439
Wat Chang Pagoda, 576
Water-lamps, 653
Wat P’hra Keau, 579
Wax-works, 681
Wellington, Duke of, 769
White Elephant of Siam, 579, 588
Whittier, J. G., 53, 532
Wilkinson, 101
Williams, M., 54
Williams, S. W., 416, 482
Woden, 199
Woman, according to Hinduism, 227, 295; and Mohammedanism, 748
Wu-Wei-Kiau, 654
Xavier, 666
Xisuthrus, 66
Yasnas, 413
Yasodhara, 508
Yebisu, 687
Yema, God of Hell, 688
Yezzo, 716
Yuah, 403
Zenanas, 228, 295
Zend Avesta, 43, 49, 411
Zoroaster, 409
Zulus, 345, 347
THE END.
FOOTNOTES:
[1] In later ages the scribes of Babylonia wrote important matters on both burnt and unburnt bricks. One would be left unharmed by water, while the other was made permanent by fire.
[2] Lenormant, the eminent French scholar of Assyrian antiquities, is our authority for the main part of this chapter, and we have quoted liberally from his writings.
[3] King of Congo.
[4] Contributed by the Rev. R. M. Luther, of Burmah.
[5] A crore is 10,000,000; a thousand thousand crores would be 10 million millions.
[6] Monk.
[7] Abbot.
[8] Bayard Taylor writes thus:
“Till the sun grows cold And the stars are old And the leaves of the Judgment Book unfold.”
[9] The facts and figures that follow are gathered from the latest reports of over seventy missionary societies of Germany, France, Great Britain and America. These are in the writer’s possession, and from them he presents the latest ascertainable returns to March 20th, 1881.
Transcriber’s Notes:
1. Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.
2. Where hyphenation is in doubt, it has been retained as in the original.
3. Some hyphenated and non-hyphenated versions of the same words have been retained as in the original.
4. Italics are shown as _xxx_.