Part 10

Before the flowers are fully opened, the heads resemble a shaving-brush, and this is a common name frequently applied to this and other thistles. All the flowers are tubular and divided into five long narrow lobes. In one variety the fully-opened flower cluster has an outer border of numerous lavender flowers with cream-colored flowers in the center. There is another variety which has outer flowers a deep rose or reddish purple and center flowers pale pink or rose; sometimes there is little difference in shade between the inner and outer flowers.

The stems are usually branched and grow about two feet high. They are marked with wing-like ridges and are covered with the overlapping, ascending leaves. In Texas the flowers begin to bloom in May and continue into June, being at their best the first week in June. After the flowering season, the foliage becomes yellow and dried, and the old stalks remain conspicuous in the fields for several months. The star thistle is found on plains from Missouri to Louisiana, Mexico, and Arizona. The variety which has reddish-purple flowers is very abundant in the vicinity of Waco and Fort Worth.

The scientific name meaning “of the Centaurs” refers to the use by the Centaurs of certain species for healing. The cornflower or bachelor’s button (_Centaurea cyanus_) is a well-known garden annual.

[Illustration: WAVY-LEAVED THISTLE PURPLE-THISTLE]

Wavy-Leaved Thistle (_Carduus undulatus_) is the common prairie thistle and is particularly abundant in the vicinity of Fort Worth. It grows only 1-2 feet high, and the upper leaf-surfaces are yellow-green. The heads are nearly twice as large as those of the purple thistle, and the flowers are a lovely lavender color. It ranges from Southern Canada to Texas and Arizona and blooms in Texas from April to June.

Purple Thistle (_Carduus austrinus_) is the common thistle in the south-central part of the state. It is a tall, much branched plant, 3-4 feet high, with long-stalked heads of purple flowers. The stems are white-woolly, and the leaves are white-felty beneath and dark-green above, wavy-margined, lobed or divided, the segments being tipped with spines. The heads are about 1½ inches high and broad. The numerous light purple flowers are all tubular with narrow lobes. The thistles belong to a large group, its most renowned representative being the Scotch thistle.

[Illustration: NODDING THISTLE]

Nodding Thistle. Silver Puffs. Sunbonnet Babies (_Thrysanthema nutans_) lacks the spines of the true thistles, but other characters show that this interesting little plant is closely related to the thistle group. The leaves form a basal rosette from which grows the slender, leafless flowering stalk bearing the nodding flower head. The lyre-shaped leaves are wavy-margined, dark-green above and white-felty below, 2-4 inches long. The stalk is sometimes 15 inches long but is commonly about 8 inches high. The creamy-white flowers are rather inconspicuous, but as the seeds mature, the soft white bristles spread into a showy whorl. The plants are found in scattered places in rich soil from Central Texas to Mexico.

Closely kin to the nodding thistle is the desert holly (_Perezia nana_), which has salmon-pink flowers and holly-like leaves. It is a low plant seeking the shelter of creosote bush, yucca, and other shrubs in West Texas.

CHICORY FAMILY (Cichoriaceae)

[Illustration: PURPLE DANDELION]

Plants with milky juice; all flowers strap-shaped, in dense heads, surrounded by involucral bracts; corolla 5-lobed; stamens 5; ovary inferior.

Purple Dandelion. Flowering Straw (_Lygodesmia texana_) can nearly always be found in the prairie sections of the state from spring to fall, but the lovely flowers seldom make a showy display along the roadsides. Only one head blooms at a time on the slender forking stems, and that remains open only in the mornings. The heads are made up of 8-12 pale purple strap-shaped corollas, with the lavender styles conspicuously erect in the center. The tip of the corolla is divided into five minute lobes. The stems are almost leafless but have a cluster of short-lobed, narrow gray-green leaves at the base.

Small-Flowered Straw (_Ptiloria pauciflora_) is a white-flowered chicory with low spreading stems. It is abundant in West Texas and New Mexico.

[Illustration: FALSE DANDELION]

Many-Stemmed False Dandelion (_Sitilias multicaulis_) has lemon-yellow flower heads which closely resemble those of the true dandelion, but the plants grow much taller and are often widely branched. From early spring through June, the false dandelion is very abundant on the coastal and western prairies. The heads are made up of several rows of strap-shaped corollas. The fruits are narrow and have attached a spreading tuft of bristles which makes the head in fruit look like a puff ball of lace. This tuft is a parachute device for scattering the seeds far and wide.

White Dandelion (_Pinaropappus roseus_) has flower heads very much like those of the yellow dandelions, but the flowers vary in color from white to pale pink, and the heads are larger. It is very abundant in March and April in Southwest-Central Texas.

Several garden plants belong to the chicory family, among them being lettuce, salsify, and chicory. The orange hawkweed is often cultivated for ornament.

FINDING LISTS

The following lists are given to assist the reader in identifying plants. Several special groupings are first given according to conditions and habit of growth. If the plant sought does not qualify for these lists, then the longer seasonal and color lists should be consulted. Several wide-spread plants which the author had to omit because of lack of space have been mentioned in the lists; these may be recognized by the absence of a page reference. Several related species, not mentioned in the text and which may be recognized as close relatives of those illustrated although they may differ in color and season of growth, have been included in the lists.

Opposite each name is given the number of the page on which the plant is described and a symbol which designates the place of growth. The section of the state is not given in the lists, as prairie plants are much the same throughout the state as are the plants in the sandy soil of post oak woods. However, climatic conditions of moisture and temperature limit the range of many plants, and the text should be consulted for the distributional range.

The time of flowering in Central Texas has been taken as the basis for listing the plants according to seasonal distribution. Quite frequently the season in North Texas will be a month later than that of Central Texas, and in South Texas it will be a month earlier. Hence it may be necessary to consult the lists for adjoining seasons if the desired plant is not found in the first list to be checked. Some plants, especially many herbaceous perennials on the western plains, have flowering seasons in both spring and fall; others bloom throughout the warmer months after heavy rains. If a plant cannot be located in the fall list, the spring list should be consulted.

The month of April shows the greatest profusion of flowers in nearly all parts of the state. At some of the wild flower exhibits held at the University of Texas, nearly 500 species from Central and Southeast Texas have been shown at one time. Therefore the reader is warned not to expect to find every flower he picks up among the 257 illustrations given in these pages.

The plants are listed in the following color groups: red and orange, pink and rose, blue, white, yellow, purple, and green. Under white flowers are grouped those delicately tinted with green, yellow, blue, pink, or lavender. Blue flowers are seldom a true blue but are usually a combination of blue and purple which may be interpreted by some people as blue and by others as purple. Hence if a plant considered as blue-flowered cannot be found in the blue list, then the purple list should be consulted.

FINDING LISTS

The reader may find the following distribution of pages and symbols helpful in identifying plants:

2-16 Mostly lily-like, succulent plants. 17-91 Petals of flowers usually not united. 92-151 Petals usually united into tubular, bell-shaped, funnelform, or salverform corollas. 152-193 Composites: many tubular flowers, often of two types, growing in a head-like cluster. P Prairies. Pc Coastal prairies. Ps Sandy prairies. Pb Blackland prairies. L Limestone hills. W Woods and thickets. Wo Post oak woods. Wp Pine woods. M Water or moist places. C Chaparral. T Trans-Pecos or mountainous region.

(See map p. xvi)

AIR PLANTS

Spanish moss Ball moss

WATER PLANTS

RED Iris, 15 PINK Pogonia, 16 Smartweed, 18 BLUE Iris, 15 Water lily, 24 Nama, 111 WHITE Arrowhead, 2 Spider lily, 12 Water lily, 24 Violet, 74 Water pimpernel, 93 Water pennywort Water mist-flower Bur-head YELLOW Spatterdock, 24 Water lily, 24 Buttercups, 27 Pitcher-plant, 39 Sedum, 40 Water primrose, 79 Bur-marigold Bladderwort Yellow-eyed grass PURPLE Water hyacinth, 6 Pickerel-weed, 6 Iris, 15 Bladderwort Mud-plantain

SHRUBS OR SMALL TREES

RED Buckeye, 68 Indigo plant, 54 Coral bean, 58 Flame acanthus, 139 Bouvardia, 144 Coral honeysuckle, 145 Mexican apple, 71 PINK Prairie rose, 42 Redbud, 47 Dalea, 55 Pavonia, 73 Mexican buckeye BLUE Texas mountain laurel, 51 WHITE[2] Yucca, 9 Rose, 41 Dewberry, 43 Mesquite, 45 Yaupon, 67 Dogwood, 85, 86 Tree-huckleberry, 92 Mexican persimmon, 94 French mulberry, 118 Honeysuckle, 146 Mist-flower, 153 False willow, 166 YELLOW Agarita, 30 Buckeye, 68 Huisache, 44 Retama, 50 Porophyllum Sea ox-eye Flourensia Gymnolomia Damiana Creosote bush Yellow elder, 138 PURPLE Texas mountain laurel, 52 Walking-stick cactus, 81 Cenizo, 131 Desert willow, 138 Dalea, 55 Eve’s necklace

EARLY SPRING

RED AND ORANGE-RED Buckeye, 68-W Poppy mallow, 72-P Copper mallow, 70-Pb PINK AND ROSE Mexican buckeye, L, T Redbud, 47-W, L Pink prairie star, 98-Ps, M Least bluet, 143-Ps BLUE Anemone, 25-W, P Mountain laurel, 52-L Small bluet, 143-Ps, M Lobelia, 151-Ps WHITE Anemone, 25-W, P Acacia, C Blackfoot daisy, 169-L, P Dwarf white aster, 163-W, Ps Spanish bayonet, 9-CT Peppergrass, 36-P Crow-poison, 8-P Whitlow-grass, 36-P Chickweed, Ps, W Violet, 74-M, Pc YELLOW Agarita, 30-LC Scrambled eggs, 35-P Huisache, 44-C Buckeye, 68-W, L Small squaw-weed, P Tansy mustard, 37-P Dwarf flax, 61-Ps Golden puccoon, 114-Pb Bladderpod, 37-P Four-nerved daisy, 181-P, L Big squaw-weed, 187-Ps Lindheimer’s daisy, 170-Pb Huisache daisy, 182-Ps PURPLE Anemone, 25-W, P Mountain laurel, 52-LC Ground plum, 56-Pb Purple wood-sorrel, 62-W Poppy mallow, 72-Pb Violet, 74-Wp, M Small bluet, 143-Ps Venus’ looking-glass, 150-P

SPRING

RED AND ORANGE-RED Buckeye, 68-W Poppy mallow, 72-Pb Copper mallow, 70-Ps Red star-mallow, 70-P Cross-vine, 138-Wp Coral bean, 58-W Leather flower, 29-W Standing cypress, 104-Wo Paint brush, 132-Ps Red sage, 126-W Gaura, Ps Beard-tongue, 137-Wo Indian blanket, 183-Pb Sand-bur, 51-Pb Red-brown iris, 15-M Coral honeysuckle, W Butterfly weed, 100-Wo, Ps Scarlet pimpernel, 93-Ps PINK AND ROSE Sensitive briar, 46-Pb Purple paint-brush, 131-Pb, L Wild onion, 8-Pb Pogonia, 16-M Prickly poppy, 32-Ps Pink milkwort, 164-W Pink buttercup, 81-Pb Pink prairie star, 98-Pc, M Prairie phlox, 110-W Lemon mint, 121-M Baby’s breath, 144-Pb Purple coneflower, 175-W, L Sand verbena, 19-Ps BLUE Carolina larkspur, 25-W Celestial, 13-P, Wo Bluebonnet, 53-P, L Blue gilia, 105-P, L Spiderwort, 4-Pb, W Dayflower, 5-P, W Psoralea, P Blue-eyed grass, 14-P, W Blue Beard-tongue, 137-P WHITE Larkspur, 25-Pb Wild rose, 41-Pb, W Dewberry, 43-W Blackberry, 43-W Poppy mallow, 72-Pb Beggar’s ticks, 90-Pb Camomile, 185-W, Ps Prairie lace, 87-Pb Death camass, 7-Pb Beargrass, 9-P, T Spanish bayonet, 9-CL Arrowhead, 2-M Chickweed, 23-Ps Peppergrass, 36-P, W Violet, 74-W, M, Pc Dogwood, 85-W Cornel, 86-W Rain-lily, 10-W, P Spider-lily, 11-M Ladies’-tresses, 16-M, W Angel trumpet, 20-P Prickly poppy, 32-33-P Greggia, 38-T White milkwort, 64-Pb, L Plantain, 142-P Baby’s breath, 144-L, Pb Honeysuckle, 146-L, T Blackfoot daisy, 169-L, Pb Dwarf white aster, 169-P, W Lazy daisy, 162-Ps Fleabane daisy, 162-W, Pc Lamb’s lettuce, 147-Pb, L Lobelia, 151-Pc Rabbit tobacco, 167-P Nodding thistle, 191-W Water pimpernel, 93-M Farkleberry, 92-W Gaura, 84-P Evening primrose, 81-P Mexican persimmon, 94-L Yaupon, 67-W YELLOW Wild dill, 91-Pb Two-leaved senna, 48-Pb, L Retama, 50-M Bush pea, 53-Wo, P Niggerhead, 173-Pb Englemann’s daisy, 171-Pb Tansy mustard, 37-P Coreopsis, 178-Ps, Pc False coreopsis, 179-Pb Buttercups, 27-M Evening primroses, 79-P Square-bud primrose, 83-Pb, L Flutter-mill, 82-L Coneflower, 174-P Blackeyed Susan, 174-Ps Flax, 61-P, L Yellow star grass, 11-Wp Pitcher-plant, 39-M Mexican poppy, 34-P Bladderpod, 37-P Stonecrop, 40-L, P Dwarf blue-eyed grass, 14-M Squaw-weed, 187-Ps Ground cherry, 130-W, P Wild balsam, 148-W, Pb Huisache daisy, 182-Ps Indian blanket, 183-Ps False dandelion, 193-Pb PURPLE Leather flower, 29-W Marsh leather flower, 29-Pc Milk vetch, 57-Pb Climbing vetch, 57-Ps Poppy mallow, 72-Pb Wood-sorrel, 62-W Purple paint-brush, 131-Pb, L Blue sage, 127-Pb, L Texas sage, 127-Pb, L Ground cherry, 130-Pb Large beard-tongue, 135-P, L Small beard-tongue, 134-W, Pc Toadflax, 134-P, W Venus’ looking-glass, 150-P Lobelia, 151-Pc, Ps Purple coneflower, 175-W, L Purple thistle, 190-P, M Purple dandelion, 192-Pb, L Spiderwort, 4-P, W Dayflower, 5-L, M Wild hyacinth, 6-M Pickerel-weed, 6-M Wild onion, 8-P Blue-eyed grass, 14-P, W Virginia iris, 15-M Rose poppy, 32-P Stork’s bill, 59-L, Pb GREEN Milkweed, 100-P

LATE SPRING AND SUMMER

RED AND ORANGE-RED Copper mallow, 70-Pb Leather flower, 29-W Standing cypress, 105-Wo Paint-brush, 133-Ps Red sage, 126-W Gaura, 84-Ps Beard-tongue, 137-Wo, T Indian blanket, 183-Pb Sand-bur, 51-Pb Coral honeysuckle, 146-W Devil’s bouquet, 20-P, L Bouvardia, 144-T Anisacanthus, 139-T, L PINK AND ROSE Sensitive briar, 46-P Pink prairie rose, 42-W Pogonia, 16-M Grass pink, 16-M Rouge plant, 21-W, L Prickly poppy, 32-P Pavonia, 73-L Pink buttercup, 81-P Mountain pink, 95-L Phlox, 107-110-L, P, W Baby’s breath, 144-Pb Purple coneflower, 175-W, L Star thistle, 189-Pb BLUE Giant iris, 15-M Water lily, 24-M Blue flax, 60-Pb Prairie sage, 126-Pb Blue gilia, 105-L Harebell, 151-T Dwarf blue aster, 163-W WHITE Wild rose, 41-W, Pb Milfoil, 186-W, P Poppy mallow, 72-Pb White gilia, 105-Ps Camomile, 185-W, Ps Prairie lace, 87-Pb Mesquite, 45-P, W, C Parthenium, 176-P Soapweed, 9-P Yucca, 9-P, L, T Arrowhead, 2-M Peppergrass, 36-P Heliotrope, 113-P Cornel, 86-W Rain-lily, 10-W, P Spider-lily, 10-M Angel trumpet, 20-P Prickly poppy, 32-P Greggia, 38-T Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps Bull nettle, 65-Ps Moonseed, 31-W Nuttallia, 75-Ps Milkwort, 64-Pb, L Dodder, 102-P Tie-vine, 103-P Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L Honeysuckle, 146-L Blackfoot daisy, 169-Pb, L Dwarf white aster, 169-W, Ps Lazy daisy, 162-Pb Fleabane daisy, 162-Pb Milfoil, 186-W, Pb Ragweed, 176-P Water pimpernel, M, L French mulberry, 118-W Horsemint, 125-Ps Gaura, 84-P Evening primrose, 81-P PURPLE Leather flower, 29-W Prairie clover, 55-P, L Milk vetch, 57-P Climbing vetch, 57-P Phlox, 107-110-P, W Giant iris, 15-M Water hyacinth, 6-M Prickly poppy, 32-P Loosestrife, 78-P, M Bluebell, 97-P Phacelia, 111-112-L, P Skullcap, 119-W, P, L Verbena, 117-W, P False dragon-head, 120-M Nightshade, 128-P Ground cherry, 127-P Paint-brush, 131 Desert willow, 138-T Tansy aster, 165-P Purple thistle, 190-P Star thistle, 189-P Purple dandelion, 192-P Pennyroyal, 121-P, L YELLOW Two-leaved senna, 48-Pb, L Partridge pea, 49-Ps Wild dill, 91-Pb Retama, 50-M Golden parosela, 55-L Bush pea, 53-W, P Yellow-elder, 138-T Engelmann’s daisy, 171-Pb Spiny-leaved aster, 161-P, T Thyme-leaf, 184-Ps, T, L Niggerhead, 173-Pb Coreopsis, 178-Pb False coreopsis, 179-Pb Yellow nightshade, 129-P Ground cherry, 130-W Yellow sleepy daisy, 160-Ps Bitterweed, 182-P Indian blanket, 183-Ps Squaw-weed, 187-T Zinnia, 170-P Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L False dandelion, 193-P Coneflower, 174-P Blackeyed Susan, 174-Ps Sunflower, 177-Pb Orange sunflower, 177-Ps Paper flower, 180-P, T Bahia, 181-T Four-nerved daisy, 180-P, T, L

SUMMER

RED AND ORANGE-RED Copper mallow, 70-P, T Standing cypress, 105-Wo, T Trumpet creeper, 138-W Leather flower, 29-W Red sage, 133-W Gaura, 84-Ps Indian blanket, 183-P, Wo Devil’s bouquet, 20-P Bouvardia, 144-T Anisacanthus, 139-L, T Butterfly weed, 100-Wo Turk’s cap, 71-W PINK AND ROSE Dwarf four o’clock, 19-P, T Rouge plant, 21-L, W Talinum, 22-P, L Pavonia, 73-L Mountain pink, 95-L Baby’s breath, 144-P, L Marsh fleabane, 168-M Rose aster (Polypteris), P, W Loosestrife, 78-M Smartweed, 18-M BLUE Water lily, 24-M Prairie sage, 126-Pb Blue sage, 127-Pb, L Harebell, 151-T Bluebell, 97-P, M Nama, M WHITE Grandfather’s beard, 28-L, T White gilia, 105-Ps Mesquite, 45-P Parthenium, 176-P Stenosiphon, P, L Yucca, 9-T Arrowhead, 2-M Heliotrope, 113-Ps, L Rain-lily, 10-P, W Spider-lily, 11-W, M Prickly poppy, 32-P Bull nettle, 65-Ps Moonseed, 31-W Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps Nuttallia, 75-T, Ps Dodder, 102-P, M Tie-vine, 103-P Snow-on-the-mountain, 66-P, L Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L Parthenium, 176-P YELLOW Retama, 50-M Golden parosela, 55-L Niggerhead, 173-Pb Yellow elder, 138-T Spiny-leaved aster, 161-Pb, T Thyme-leaf, 184-P, T Coreopsis, 178-P False coreopsis, 178-Pb, L Evening primrose, 79-Ps Wild gourd, 149-Pb Broomweed, 157-P Indian blanket, 183-P Sleepy daisy, 160-Ps Camphor daisy, 158-P Bitterweed, 182-P Squaw-weed, 187-T Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L Zinnia, 170-P Sunflower, 177-Pb Paper flower, 180-P, T Bahia, 181-T Four-nerved daisy, 181-T Nuttallia, 75-P, T Horsemint, 123-Ps Purslane, 22-P Copper lily, 11-L, Pb PURPLE Leather flower, 29-W Prairie clover, 55-P Wood sorrel, 62-Pb, L Water hyacinth, 6-M Blazing star, 155-P, W Eryngo, 89-Pb Horsemint, 125-Pb Bluebell, 97-P, M Morning-glory, 103-P Verbena, 117-P Tansy aster, 165-P, T Blue sage, 127-Pb, L Nightshade, 128-P Ground cherry, 130-P Desert willow, 138-T Wild petunia, 141 Ironweed, 152-P, W, L Polypteris, P, W Diapedium, L

LATE SUMMER AND EARLY FALL

RED AND ORANGE-RED Copper mallow, 70-P Trumpet creeper, 138-W Unicorn plant, T Red sage, 126-W Gaura, 84-Ps Devil’s bouquet, 20-P Bouvardia, 144-T Anisacanthus, 139-T Turk’s cap, 71-W PINK AND ROSE Smartweed, 18-M Four-o’clock, 19-P, T Rouge plant, 21-W, L Pavonia, 73-L BLUE Water lily, 24-M Prairie sage, 126-P Mistflower, 153-W, M Blue sage, 127-P, L Nama, 111-M WHITE Grandfather’s beard, 28-L, T White gilia, 105-Ps Mesquite, 45-P Parthenium, 176-P, T Crow-poison, 8-P Arrowhead, 2-M Heliotrope, 113-P Rain lily, 10-P, W Ladies’ tresses, 16-P Buckwheat, 17-Ps Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps Bull nettle, 65-P Moonseed, 31-W Nuttallia, 75-P, T Tie-vine, 103-P Baby’s breath, 144-Pb, L Blackweed, 164-P, M Resin willow, 166-W, M Thoroughwort, 153-M, L, W Frost-weed, W, M Parthenium, 176 Asters, 164-W, M YELLOW Retama, 50-M Thyme-leaf, 184-P, T Two-leaved senna, 48-L, Pb Nuttallia, 75 Broomweed, 157-P Camphor daisy, 160-Ps Bitterweed, 182-P Squaw-weed, 187-T Berlandier’s aster, 161-Pb, L Zinnia, 170-P Sunflower, 177-Pb Paper flower, 180-P, T Bahia, 181-T Four-nerved daisy, 181-T Copper lily, 11-L, Pb Partridge pea, 49-Ps Goldenrod, 155-W, M Big gumweed, 159-Pb Iron flowers, 161-W, P, T Maximilian’s sunflower, 178-P Barnyard daisy, P Gumweed, 158-P, L PURPLE Wood-sorrel, 62-Pb, L Blazing-star, 155 Blackweed, 164-P, M Wild petunia, 141-W, P Desert willow, 138-T Purple nightshade, 128-P Blue sage, 138-Pb, L Water hyacinth, 6-M Pickerel weed, 6-M False purple thistle, 89-Pb Morning-glory, 103-P Verbena, 117-Pb Ironweed, 152-P, M Gerardia, P, W, M

FALL

RED AND ORANGE-RED Copper mallow, 70-P, T Trumpet creeper, 138-W Red sage, 126-W Anisacanthus, 139-T Turk’s cap, 71-W PINK AND ROSE Parosela, L, T Smartweed, 18-M Rouge plant, 21-W, L Pavonia, 73-L Marsh fleabane, 168-M Polypteris, P, W Blazing star, 155-P, W Four-o’clock, 19-W, P BLUE Mist flower, 153-W, M Blue sage, 127-P, L Prairie sage, 126-Pb WHITE Crow-poison, 8-P Heliotrope, 113-P, W Rain-lily, 10-P, W Ladies’-tresses, 16-P Buckwheat, 17-Ps Spectacle-pod, 38-Ps Parthenium, 176-P Milkwort, 64-P Tie-vine, 103-P Blackfoot daisy, 169-Pb, L Asters, 164-P, W Blackweed, 164-P Thoroughwort, 153-W, M, L, T Frostweed, W, M Ragweed, 176-P YELLOW Broomweed, 157-P Camphor daisy, 160-Ps Bitterweed, 182-P Squaw-weed, 187-T Zinnia, 170-P Sunflower, 177-Pb Paper flower, P, T Bahia, 181-T Four-nerved daisy, 181-T Goldenrod, 155-W, M Iron flowers, W, P, T Maximilian’s sunflower, 178-P Barnyard daisy, P Gumweeds, 158-P, L PURPLE Tansy aster, 165-P Asters, 164-W, P, M Blazing star, 155-W, P Wild petunia, 141-W, P Purple nightshade, 128-P Blue sage, 138-Pb, L Morning glory, 103-P Verbena, 117-Pb Gerardia, P, W, M Polypteris, P, W

INDEX

A Abronia, 19 Abutilon, 69 Acacia, 44, xiv Acanthaceae, 139-141 Acanthus family, 139-141 Achillea, 186 Acleisanthes, 20

## Actinella, 181

Adam’s needle, 9 Aesculaceae, 68 Aesculus, 68, xiv Agarita, 30 Agave, 10 Ageratum, 153 Agrito, 30 Alismaceae, 2 Allionia, 19 Allium, 8, xiv Alsinopsis, 23, xv Amaryllidaceae, 10 Amaryllis family, 10 Amblyolepis, 182 American star thistle, 189 Ammiaceae, 87 Amphiachyris, 157 Amsonia, 99 Anemone, 25 Angel’s trumpet, 20 Anisacanthus, 139 Anthemis, 185 Aphanostephus, 162 Apocynaceae, 99 Argemone, 32 Arrowhead, 2 Artemesia, 185 Asclepiadaceae, 100-101 Asclepias, 101 Asclepiodora, 100 Aster Dwarf blue, 162 Dwarf white, 163 Golden, 161 Late purple, 165 Roadside, 164 Spiny, 164 Tansy, 165, xiv Yellow, 161 Astragalus, 56 Atamosco, 11, xv Azalea, 92

B Baby blue-eyes, 111 Baby’s breath, 144 Baccharis, 166 Bahia, 181 Ball moss, 3 Balmony, 135 Balsam, 148 Baptisia, 53, xiv Barberry family, 30 Barometer bush, 131 Barrel-cactus, 77 Basket flower, 189 Bean, tepary, 57 Beard-tongue, 135 Beargrass, 9 Beggar’s ticks, 90 Bellflower family, 150 Berberis, 30, xiv Bergamot, 122 Berlandier, 108, vii Bifora, 87 Bignonia, 138, xiv Bindweed, 103 Bird-of-paradise, 49 Bird’s nest carrot, 90 Biscuits, 39 Bitterweed, 182 Blackberry, 43 Black-Eyed Susan, 174, 179 Blackfoot daisy, 169 Blackgum, 86 Blackweed, 164 Bladder-pod, 37 Blazing star, 154 Bluebell, 29, 97, 151 Bluebonnet, 53 Blue-curls, 112 Blue-eyed grass, 14 Blue-flag, 15 Blue gentian, 97 Blue marsh lily, 97 Blue star, 99 Bluets, 143, 144 Blueweed, 177 Borage family, 113 Borraginaceae, 113 Bosque blue gentian, 97 Bouvardia, 144, xiv Brauneria, 175, xiv Brayodendron, 194, xiv Brazoria, 120 Brazos Mint, 120 Brookweed, 93 Broomweed, 157 Buckeye, 68 Buckwheat, 17 Buckwheat family, 17 Buena mujer, 75 Buffalo-bur, 129 Buffalo-clover, 53 Bull nettle, 65 Bumble-bee bush, 129 Bunch moss, 3 Bush pea, 53 Buttercups, 27, 79-84 Butterfly weed, 101 Button snakeroot, 89, 154

C Cactaceae, 77 Cactus family, 77 Calabacilla, 149 Callicarpa, 118 Callirrhoe, 72 Camass, 7 Campanula, 151 Campanulaceae, 150-151 Campsis, 138 Cancer-weed, 126 Candelabrum plant, 89 Cardo del valle, 189 Carduus, 190 Carrot, 90 Carrot family, 87-91 Caryophyllaceae, 23 Cassia, 48, 49 Cassie, 44 Cassine, 67 Catalpa, 138 Catch-fly, 23 Caterpillar flower, 112 Cathartolinum, 61 Cebatha, 31 Celestial, 13 Cenizo, 131 Centaurea, 189 Centaury, 95, xiv Century plant, 11 Cerastium, 23 Cercis, 47 Chacate, 51 Chaetopappa, 163 Chamaecrista, 49 Chaparral berry, 30 Chapote, 94 Chaptalia, 191, xv Chewing gum, 167 Chickweed, 23 Chilicoyote, 149 Chilopsis, 138 Cholla, 77 Chrysopsis, 161 Clematis, 28, 29, xiv Cloth-of-gold, 37 Cnidoscolus, 65 Commelina, 5 Commelinaceae, 4-5 Commelinantia, 5 Compositae, 152-193 Composite family, 152-193 Coneflower, Purple, 175 Coneflower, Yellow, 173-174 Conium, 91 Convolulaceae, 103 Convolvulus, 103 Cooperia, 10 Copper mallow, 70 Coral bead, 31 Coral bean, 58 Coral vine, 31 Coreopsis, 178 False, 179 Corkscrew plant, 16 Cornaceae, 85-86 Cornel, 86 Corn salad, 147 Cornus, 85-86, xiv Corydalis, 35 Crane’s bill, 59 Crape-moss, 3 Crape myrtle, 78 Crassulaceae, 40 Creamcup, 83 Cross-vine, 138 Croton, 66 Crowfoot family, 25-29 Crow poison, 8, 10 Cruciferae, 36 Cucurbita, 149 Cucurbitaceae, 149 Cudweed, 168 Cuscuta, 102 Cuscutaceae, 102 Cynoxylon, 85, xiv Cypress, 105

D Dagger-flower, 165 Daisy Cut-leaved, 171 Fleabane, 162 Four-nerved, 181 Huisache, 182 Mountain, 169 Saw-leaf, 159 Silver-leaf, 181 Texas star, 170 White lazy, 162 Yellow sleepy, 160 Dalea, 55 Dandelion Pink, 193 Purple, 192 White, 193 Yellow, 193 Daucus, 90 Dayflower, 5 Dead nettle, 121 Delphinium, 26 Dendropogon, 3, xiv Desert holly, 191 Desert willow, 138 Devil’s bit, 155 Devil’s bouquet, 20 Dewberry, 43 Dew flowers, 135 Dicentra, 35 Dichondra, 102 Dichondraceae, 102 Dicrophyllum, 66, xiv Diospyros, 94, xiv Dithyraea, 38 Dock, 18 Dodder, 102 Dodecatheon, 93 Dogbane, 99 Dogbane family, 99 Dog fennel, 185 Dog’s camomile, 185 Dogwood, 85, 86 Draba, 36 Dracopis, 174 Dragon-head, 120 Drummond, 10 Drummond’s phlox, 106 Dutchman’s breeches, 35

E Ebenaceae, 94 Ebony family, 94 Echinachea, 175, xiv Eichhornia, 6, xiv Engelmannia, 171 Epilobiaceae, 79-84 Ericaceae, 92 Erigeron, 162 Eriogonum, 17 Erodium, 59 Eryngium, 89 Eryngo, 89 Erysimum, 37 Erythraea, 95, xiv Erythrina, 58 Eupatorium, 153 Euphorbia, 66, xiv Euphorbiaceae, 65-66 Euplocca, 113, xiv Eustoma, 97 Evening primrose family, 79-84 Evening star, 10

F Fabaceae, 52 Fairy lily, 10 Fairy thimbles, 135 False foxglove, 135 False indigo, 53 False purple thistle, 88-89 Farkleberry, 92 Fiddle-neck, 112 Field lily, 10 Filago, 167 Firewheel, 183 Flag, 15 Flannel breeches, 111 Flax Blue, 60 Yellow, 61 Fleabane daisy, 162 Fleabane, marsh, 168 Florida moss, 3 Flutter-mill, 82 Four-o’clock, 19 French mulberry, 118 Fumariaceae, 35 Fumitory family, 35