Book VII

. xxxiv. 42.

XV

When the Eruli, being defeated by the Lombards in the above-mentioned battle, migrated from their ancestral homes, some of them, as has been told by me above,[192] made their home in the country of Illyricum, but the rest were averse to crossing the Ister River, but settled at the very extremity of the world; at any rate, these men, led by many of the royal blood, traversed all the nations of the Sclaveni one after the other, and after next crossing a large tract of barren country, they came to the Varni,[193] as they are called. After these they passed by the nations of the Dani,[194] without suffering violence at the hands of the barbarians there. Coming thence to the ocean, they took to the sea, and putting in at Thule,[195] remained there on the island.

Now Thule is exceedingly large; for it is more than ten times greater than Britain. And it lies far distant from it toward the north. On this island the land is for the most part barren, but in the inhabited country thirteen very numerous nations are settled; and there are kings over each nation. In that place a very wonderful thing takes place each year. For the sun at the time of the summer solstice never sets for forty days, but appears constantly during this whole time above the earth. But not less than six months later, at about the time of the winter solstice, the sun is never seen on this island for forty days, but never-ending night envelops it; and as a result of this dejection holds the people there during this whole time, because they are unable by any means to mingle with one another during this interval. And although I was eager to go to this island and become an eye-witness of the things I have told, no opportunity ever presented itself. However, I made enquiry from those who come to us from the island as to how in the world they are able to reckon the length of the days, since the sun never rises nor sets there at the appointed times. And they gave me an account which is true and trustworthy. For they said that the sun during those forty days does not indeed set just as has been stated, but is visible to the people there at one time toward the east, and again toward the west. Whenever, therefore, on its return, it reaches the same place on the horizon where they had previously been accustomed to see it rise, they reckon in this way that one day and night have passed. When, however, the time of the nights arrives, they always take note of the courses of the moon and stars and thus reckon the measure of the days. And when a time amounting to thirty-five days has passed in this long night, certain men are sent to the summits of the mountains--for this is the custom among them--and when they are able from that point barely to see the sun, they bring back word to the people below that within five days the sun will shine upon them. And the whole population celebrates a festival at the good news, and that too in the darkness. And this is the greatest festival which the natives of Thule have; for, I imagine, these islanders always become terrified, although they see the same thing happen every year, fearing that the sun may at some time fail them entirely.

But among the barbarians who are settled in Thule, one nation only, who are called the Scrithiphini, live a kind of life akin to that of the beasts. For they neither wear garments of cloth nor do they walk with shoes on their feet, nor do they drink wine nor derive anything edible from the earth. For they neither till the land themselves, nor do their women work it for them, but the women regularly join the men in hunting, which is their only pursuit. For the forests, which are exceedingly large, produce for them a great abundance of wild beasts and other animals, as do also the mountains which rise there. And they feed exclusively upon the flesh of the wild beasts slain by them, and clothe themselves in their skins, and since they have neither flax nor any implement with which to sew, they fasten these skins together by the sinews of the animals, and in this way manage to cover the whole body. And indeed not even their infants are nursed in the same way as among the rest of mankind. For the children of the Scrithiphini do not feed upon the milk of women nor do they touch their mother's breast, but they are nourished upon the marrow of the animals killed in the hunt, and upon this alone. Now as soon as a woman gives birth to a child, she throws it into a skin and straightway hangs it to a tree, and after putting marrow into its mouth she immediately sets out with her husband for the customary hunt. For they do everything in common and likewise engage in this pursuit together. So much for the daily life of these barbarians.

But all the other inhabitants of Thule, practically speaking, do not differ very much from the rest of men, but they reverence in great numbers gods and demons both of the heavens and of the air, of the earth and of the sea, and sundry other demons which are said to be in the waters of springs and rivers. And they incessantly offer up all kinds of sacrifices, and make oblations to the dead, but the noblest of sacrifices, in their eyes, is the first human being whom they have taken captive in war; for they sacrifice him to Ares, whom they regard as the greatest god. And the manner in which they offer up the captive is not by sacrificing him on an altar only, but also by hanging him to a tree, or throwing him among thorns, or killing him by some of the other most cruel forms of death. Thus, then, do the inhabitants of Thule live. And one of their most numerous nations is the Gauti, and it was next to them that the incoming Eruli settled at the time in question.

On the present occasion,[196] therefore, the Eruli who dwelt among the Romans, after the murder of their king had been perpetrated by them, sent some of their notables to the island of Thule to search out and bring back whomsoever they were able to find there of the royal blood. And when these men reached the island, they found many there of the royal blood, but they selected the one man who pleased them most and set out with him on the return journey. But this man fell sick and died when he had come to the country of the Dani. These men therefore went a second time to the island and secured another man, Datius by name. And he was followed by his brother Aordus and two hundred youths of the Eruli in Thule. But since much time passed while they were absent on this journey, it occurred to the Eruli in the neighbourhood of Singidunum that they were not consulting their own interests in importing a leader from Thule against the wishes of the Emperor Justinian. They therefore sent envoys to Byzantium, begging the emperor to send them a ruler of his own choice. And he straightway sent them one of the Eruli who had long been sojourning in Byzantium, Suartuas by name. At first the Eruli welcomed him and did obeisance to him and rendered the customary obedience to his commands; but not many days later a messenger arrived with the tidings that the men from the island of Thule were near at hand. And Suartuas commanded them to go out to meet those men, his intention being to destroy them, and the Eruli, approving his purpose, immediately went with him. But when the two forces were one day's journey distant from each other, the king's men all abandoned him at night and went over of their own accord to the newcomers, while he himself took to flight and set out unattended for Byzantium. Thereupon the emperor earnestly undertook with all his power to restore him to his office, and the Eruli, fearing the power of the Romans, decided to submit themselves to the Gepaedes. This, then, was the cause of the revolt of the Eruli.[197]

FOOTNOTES:

[192] This has not been stated before by Procopius.

[193] Or Varini, a tribe living on the coast near the mouth of the Rhine.

[194] A group of tribes inhabiting the Danish Peninsula.

[195] Probably Iceland or the northern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, which was then regarded as an island and called "Scanza." The name of Thule was familiar from earlier times. It was described by the navigator Pytheas in the age of Alexander the Great, and he claimed to have visited the island. It was variously placed, but always considered the northernmost land in the world--"ultima Thule."

[196] Cf. Chap. xiv. 42.

[197] Chap. xiv. 37 introduces this topic.

INDEX

Acarnania, a Roman fleet winters there, V. xxiv. 20

Adegis, bodyguard of Belisarius, VI. vii. 27

Adriatic Sea, of which the modern Adriatic was an inlet, V. xv. 16

Aemilia, district in northern Italy, on the right of the Po, V. xv. 30

Aeneas, son of Anchises, meets Diomedes at Beneventus and receives from him the Palladium, V. xv. 9

Aeschmanus, a Massagete, bodyguard of Belisarius, V. xvi. 1

Aetolia, a Roman fleet winters there, V. xxiv. 20

Africa, mentioned in the oracle regarding Mundus, V. vii. 6, 7

Alamani, barbarian people of Gaul, V. xii. 11

Alani, a Gothic nation, V. i. 3

Alaric, leader of the Visigoths, V. i. 3; deposited plunder of Rome in Carcasiana, V. xii. 41

Alaric the Younger, ruler of the Visigoths; betrothed to Theodichusa, daughter of Theoderic, V. xii. 22; attacked by the Franks, V. xii. 33; appeals to Theoderic, V. xii. 34; meets the Franks in battle and is slain, V. xii. 35-40; father of Giselic, V. xii. 43

Alba, town in Picenum, VI. vii. 25

Albani, a people north of Liguria, V. xv. 29

Albani, town near Rome, V. vi. 7; occupied by Gontharis, VI. iv. 8, vii. 20, 23

Albanum, VI. vii. 23, see Albani

Albilas, Gothic commander of Urviventus, VI. xi. 1

Albis, a Goth sent as envoy to Belisarius, V. xx. 7

Alexander, Roman senator, envoy of Justinian, V. iii. 13, vi. 26; meets Amalasuntha in Ravenna, V. iii. 16; his report, V. iii. 29; brother of Athanasius, V. vi. 26

Alexander, commander of cavalry, VI. v. 1

Aluith, Erulian commander, VI. xiii. 18

Alps, form boundary between Gaul and Liguria, V. xii. 4, 20; distance from Milan, VI. vii. 37, 38; definition of the word "alps," V. xii. 3, 4.

Amalaberga, daughter of Amalafrida, betrothed to Hermenefridus, V. xii. 22; sister of Theodatus, V. xiii. 2

Amalafrida, sister of Theoderic and mother of Theodatus, V. iii. 1; mother of Amalaberga, V. xii. 22

Amalaric, grandson of Theoderic and son of Theodichusa, V. xii. 43, 46; becomes king of the Visigoths, with Theoderic as regent, V. xii. 46; marries the daughter of the Frankish king, and divides Gaul with the Goths and his cousin Atalaric, V. xiii. 4; receives back the treasures of Carcasiana, V. xiii. 6; gives offence to Theudibert by his treatment of his wife, V. xiii. 9, 10; defeated by him in battle and slain, V. xiii. 11

Amalasuntha, daughter of Theoderic, V. ii. 23, xxiv. 25; mother of Atalaric, V. ii. 1; acts as regent for him, V. ii. 3; her plan for his education frustrated by the Goths, V. ii. 6 ff.; allows him to be trained according to the ideas of the Goths, V. ii. 18 ff.; her conflict with the Gothic nobles, V. ii. 20-22; sends a ship to Epidamnus, V. ii. 26 ff., iii. 14; later recalls it, V. ii. 29; her concern at the failing health of Atalaric, V. iii. 10, 11; plans to hand over Italy to Justinian, V. iii. 12; accused by Justinian, V. iii. 15-18; meets Alexander in Ravenna, V. iii. 16; receives Justinian's letter, V. iii. 16-18; her reply, V. iii. 19-27; sends envoys agreeing to hand over all Italy to Justinian, V. iii. 28, 29; hears accusations against Theodatus, V. iv. 1; compels him to make restitution, V. iv. 2; attempts to gain his support, V. iv. 4 ff.; deceived by him, V. iv. 10; imprisoned, V. iv. 13-15; compelled by him to write Justinian, V. iv. 16; the envoy Peter sent to treat with her, V. iv. 18; championed by Justinian, V. iv. 22; her death, V. iv. 25-27, 31; her death foreshadowed by the crumbling of a mosaic in Naples, V. xxiv. 25; her noble qualities, V. iv. 29; her ability and justice as a ruler, V. ii. 3-5; mother of Matasuntha, V. xi. 27

Anastasius, Roman Emperor, VI. xiv. 10; makes alliance with the Eruli, VI. xiv. 28, 32

Anchises, father of Aeneas, V. xv. 9

Ancon, fortress on the Ionian Gulf, VI. xi. 4, 21; its strong position, VI. xiii. 6; taken by Belisarius, VI. xi. 5; attacked by the Goths, VI. xiii. 5 ff.; port of Auximus, VI. xiii. 7; distance from Ariminum, VI. xi. 4; and from Auximus, VI. xiii. 7

Antae, a people settled near the Ister River; serve in the Roman army, V. xxvii. 2

Anthium, used as a harbour by the Romans, V. xxvi. 17; distance from Ostia, _ibid._

Antiochus, a Syrian, resident in Naples, favours the Roman party, V. viii. 21

Antonina, wife of Belisarius, V. xviii. 43; departs for Naples, VI. iv. 6; arriving in Taracina, proceeds to Campania, VI. iv. 14, where she assists Procopius, VI. iv. 20; assists in shipping provisions from Ostia to Rome, VI. vii. 4 ff.; mother of Photius, V. v. 5, xviii. 18; mother-in-law of Ildiger, VI. vii. 15

Aordus, an Erulian, brother of Datius, VI. xv. 29

Appian Way, built by Appius, V. xiv. 6; description of the road, V. xiv. 6-11; travelled by refugees from Rome, V. xxv. 4; Gothic camp near it, VI. iii. 3, iv. 3, 17

Appius, Roman consul, builder of the Appian Way, V. xiv. 6-9

Apulians, a people of Southern Italy, V. xv. 21; voluntarily submit to Belisarius, V. xv. 3

Aquileia, city in northern Italy, V. i. 22

Aquilinus, bodyguard of Belisarius; performs a remarkable feat, VI. v. 18, 19

Aratius, commander of Armenians, who had deserted from the Persians, VI. xiii. 17; joins Belisarius in Italy with an army, _ibid._

Arborychi, barbarians in Gaul, formerly subject to the Romans, V. xii. 9; become Roman soldiers, V. xii. 13; absorbed by the Germans, V. xii. 13-15; receive land from Roman soldiers, V. xii. 17

Ares, worshipped by the inhabitants of Thule, VI. xv. 25

Argos, Diomedes repulsed thence, V. xv. 8

Arians, their views not held by the Franks, V. v. 9; not trusted by Roman soldiers in Gaul, V. xii. 17; Arian heresy espoused by Amalaric, V. xiii. 10

Ariminum, city of northern Italy, occupied by John, VI. x. 5 ff.; abandoned by the Goths, VI. x. 6; besieged by Vittigis, VI. xi. 3, xii. 1 ff.; Ildiger and Martinus sent thither, VI. xi. 4, 21; distance from Ravenna, VI. x. 5; from Ancon, VI. xi. 4

Armenians, Narses an Armenian, VI. xiii. 17

Artasires, a Persian, bodyguard of Belisarius, VI. ii. 10

Arzes, bodyguard of Belisarius; his remarkable wound, VI. ii. 16-18; treatment of his wound, VI. ii. 25-29; of the household of Belisarius, VI. ii. 25

Asclepiodotus, of Naples, a trained speaker; with Pastor opposes the plan to surrender the city, V. viii. 22 ff.; they address the Neapolitans, V. viii. 29-40; bring forward the Jews, V. viii. 41; his effrontery after the capture of the city, V. x. 39, 43-45; bitterly accused by Stephanus, V. x. 40-42; killed by a mob, V. x. 46

Asia, the continent adjoining Libya, V. xii. 1

Asinarian Gate, in Rome, V. xiv. 14

Asinarius, Gothic commander in Dalmatia, V. vii. 1, xvi. 8; gathers an army among the Suevi, V. xvi. 12, 14; joins Uligisalus and proceeds to Salones, V. xvi. 15, 16

Assyrians, V. xxiv. 36

Atalaric, grandson of Theoderic; succeeds him as king of the Goths, V. ii. 1; reared by his mother Amalasuntha, _ibid._; who attempts to educate him, V. ii. 6 ff.; corrupted by the Goths, V. ii. 19 ff.; receives the envoy Alexander, V. vi. 26; divides Gaul with his cousin Amalaric, V. xiii. 4, 5; returns the treasures of Carcasiana to him, V. xiii. 6; attacked by a wasting disease, V. iii. 10, iv. 5; his death, V. iv. 4, 19; his quaestor Fidelius, V. xiv. 5; his death foreshadowed by the crumbling of a mosaic in Naples, V. xxiv. 24

Athanasius, brother of Alexander, V. vi. 26; envoy of Justinian, V. vi. 25, vii. 24

Athena, her statue stolen from Troy, V. xv. 9; given to Aeneas, V. xv. 10; different views as to the existence of the statue in the time of Procopius, V. xv. 11-14; a copy of it in the temple of Fortune in Rome, V. xv. 11; Greek statues of, V. xv. 13

Athenodorus, an Isaurian, bodyguard of Belisarius, V. xxix. 20, 21

Attila, leader of the Huns, V. i. 3

Augustulus, name given to Augustus, Emperor of the West, V. i. 2; dethroned by Odoacer, V. i. 7, VI. vi. 16

Augustus, first emperor of the Romans; allowed the Thuringians to settle in Gaul, V. xii. 10; builder of a great bridge over the Narnus, V. xvii. 11

Augustus, see Augustulus

Aulon, city on the Ionian Gulf, V. iv. 21

Aurelian Gate, in Rome, called also the Gate of Peter, V. xix. 4, xxviii. 15; near the Tomb of Hadrian, V. xxii. 12

Auximus, city in Picenum; its strong position, VI. x. 3; strongly garrisoned by the Goths, VI. xi. 2; metropolis of Picenum, _ibid._; distance from its port Ancon, VI. xiii. 7

Balan, barbarian name for a white-faced horse, V. xviii. 6, 7

Ballista, description of, V. xxi. 14-18; could shoot only straight out, V. xxii. 21

Belisarius, his victory over the Vandals, V. v. 1; sent by sea against the Goths, V. v. 2; commander-in-chief of the army, V. v. 4; sent first to Sicily, V. v. 6, 7, xiii. 14; takes Catana and the other cities of Sicily, except Panormus, by surrender, V. v. 12; takes Panormus, V. v. 12-16; enjoys great fame, V. v. 17 ff.; lays down the consulship in Syracuse, V. v. 18, 19; given power to make settlement with Theodatus, V. vi. 25, 26, 27; ordered to hasten to Italy, crosses from Sicily, V. vii. 27, viii. 1; Ebrimous comes over to him as a deserter, V. viii. 3; reaching Naples, attempts to bring about its surrender, V. viii. 5 ff.; failing in this, begins a siege, V. viii. 42; does not succeed in storming the walls, V. viii. 43; cuts the aqueduct, V. viii. 45, ix. 12; despairs of success in the siege, V. ix. 8, 10; learns of the possibility of entering Naples by the aqueduct, V. ix. 10 ff.; makes necessary preparations for the enterprise, V. ix. 18-21; makes final effort to persuade the Neapolitans to surrender, V. ix. 22 ff.; carries out the plan of entering the city by the aqueduct, V. x. 1 ff.; captures the city, V. x. 21 ff.; addresses the army, V. x. 29-34; guards the Gothic prisoners from harm, V. x. 37; addressed by Asclepiodotus, V. x. 39 ff.; forgives the Neapolitans for killing him, V. x. 48; prepares to march on Rome, leaving a garrison in Naples, V. xiv. 1, 4; garrisons Cumae, V. xiv. 2; invited to Rome by the citizens, V. xiv. 5; enters Rome, V. xiv. 14; sends Leuderis and the keys of Rome to Justinian, V. xiv. 15; repairs and improves the defences of the city, _ibid._; prepares for a siege in spite of the complaints of the citizens, V. xiv. 16, 17; places ballistae and "wild asses" on the wall, V. xxi. 14, 18; guards the gates with "wolves," V. xxi. 19; smallness of his army in Rome, V. xxii. 17, xxiv. 2; receives the submission of part of Samnium, Calabria, and Apulia, V. xv. 1-3; in control of all southern Italy, V. xv. 15; sends troops to occupy many strongholds north of Rome, V. xvi. 1 ff.; Vittigis fearful that he would not catch him in Rome, V. xvi. 20, 21, xvii. 8; recalls some of his troops from Tuscany, V. xvii. 1, 2; fortifies the Mulvian bridge, V. xvii. 14; comes thither with troops, V. xviii. 2; unexpectedly engages with the Goths and fights a battle, V. xviii. 3 ff.; his excellent horse, V. xviii. 6; shut out of Rome by the Romans, V. xviii. 20; drives the Goths from the moat, V. xviii. 26, 27; enters the city, V. xviii. 28; disposes the guards of the city, V. xviii. 34; receives a false report of the capture of the city, V. xviii. 35-37; provides against a second occurrence of this kind, V. xviii. 38, 39; ridiculed by the Romans, V. xviii. 42; persuaded to take a little food late in the night, V. xviii. 43; arranges for the guarding of each gate, V. xix. 14-18; his name given in play to one of the Samnite children, V. xx. 1-4; omen of victory for him, V. xx. 4; stops up the aqueducts, V. xix. 18, VI. ix. 6; operates the mills on the Tiber, V. xix. 19 ff.; reproached by the citizens, V. xx. 6, 7; receives envoys from Vittigis, V. xx. 8; his reply to them, V. xx. 15-18; appoints Fidelius praetorian prefect, V. xx. 20; report of the Gothic envoys regarding him, V. xxi. 1; as the Goths advance against the wall, shoots two of their number with his own bow, V. xxii. 2-5; checks their advance, V. xxii. 7-9; assigns Constantinus to the Aurelian Gate, V. xxii. 15; prevented from rebuilding "Broken Wall," V. xxiii. 5; summoned to the Vivarium, V. xxiii. 13; directs the defence there with signal success, V. xxiii. 14-23; praised by the Romans, V. xxiii. 27; writes to the emperor asking for reinforcements, V. xxiv. 1 ff.; receives from him an encouraging reply, V. xxiv. 21; sends women, children, and servants to Naples, V. xxv. 2; uses Roman artisans as soldiers on the wall, V. xxv. 11, 12; exiles Silverius and some senators from Rome, V. xxv. 13, 14; precautions against corruption of the guards, V. xxv. 15, 16; against surprise at night, V. xxv. 17; unable to defend Portus, V. xxvi. 18; encouraged by the arrival of Martinus and Valerian, V. xxvii. 2; outwits the Goths in three attacks, V. xxvii. 4-14; and likewise when they try his tactics, V. xxvii. 18-23; publicly praised by the Romans, V. xxvii. 25; explains his confidence in the superiority of the Roman army, V. xxvii. 26-29; compelled by the impetuosity of the Romans to risk a pitched battle, V. xxviii. 2, 3; addresses the army, V. xxviii. 5-14; leads out his forces and disposes them for battle, V. xxviii. 15-19; commands in person at the great battle, V. xxix. 16 ff.; grieves at the death of Chorsamantis, VI. i. 34; provides safe-conduct of Euthalius, VI. ii. 1-24; appealed to by the citizens to fight a decisive battle, VI. iii. 12 ff.; his reply, VI. iii. 23-32; sends Procopius to Naples, VI. iv. 1; garrisons strongholds near Rome, VI. iv. 4 ff.; provides for the safe entry of John's troops into Rome, VI. v. 5 ff.; opens the Flaminian Gate, VI. v. 8; out-generals the Goths and wins a decisive victory, VI. v. 9 ff.; his dialogue with the envoys of the Goths, VI. vi. 3 ff.; arranges an armistice with the Goths, VI. vi. 36, vii. 10; goes to Ostia, VI. vii. 3, 4; receives envoys from the Goths, VI. vii. 21 ff.; sends out cavalry from Rome, VI. vii. 25 ff.; appealed to for help from Milan, VI. vii. 35, 38; his disagreement with Constantinus, VI. viii. 1 ff.; puts him to death, VI. viii. 17, 18; hearing of the strange lights in the aqueduct makes investigation, VI. ix. 9-11; learns of the stratagem planned by Vittigis, VI. ix. 20; punishes his accomplice, VI. ix. 22; writes to John to begin operations in Picenum, VI. x. 1, 7; arms his men and attacks the departing Goths, VI. x. 14 ff.; sends messengers to John in Ariminum, VI. xi. 4-7; sends assistance to Milan, VI. xii. 26; moves against Vittigis, VI. xiii. 1; takes Tudera and Clusium by surrender, VI. xiii. 2, 3; garrisons them, VI. xiii. 4; receives reinforcements, VI. xiii. 16-18

Beneventus (Beneventum), city in Samnium, called in ancient times Maleventus, V. xv. 4; its strong winds, V. xv. 7; founded by Diomedes, V. xv. 8; relics of the Caledonian boar preserved in, _ibid._; meeting of Diomedes and Aeneas at, V. xv. 9

Bergomum, city near Milan; occupied by Mundilas, VI. xii. 40

Bessas, of Thrace, Roman general, V. v. 3; by birth a Goth, V. xvi. 2; his ability, V. xvi. 2, 3; at the capture of Naples, V. x. 2, 5, 10, 11, 12, 20; sent against Narnia, V. xvi. 2; takes Narnia by surrender, V. xvi. 3; recalled to Rome, V. xvii. 1, 2; returning slowly, meets the Goths in battle, V. xvii. 4, 5; arrives in Rome, V. xvii. 6; in command of the Praenestine Gate, sends a false report of the capture of the city, V. xviii. 35, xix. 15; summons Belisarius to the Vivarium, V. xxiii. 13; sent out against the Goths by Belisarius, V. xxvii. 18; his remarkable fighting, VI. i. 3; saves Belisarius from Constantinus, VI. viii. 15

Black Gulf, modern Gulf of Saros, V. xv. 18

Bochas, a Massagete, bodyguard of Belisarius, VI. ii. 10; sent to the Plain of Nero, VI. ii. 20; helps to rout the Goths, but is surrounded and wounded, VI. ii. 21-23; after inflicting great losses upon the Goths, VI. ii. 36; rescued by Valerian and Martinus, VI. ii. 24; dies of his wound, VI. ii. 32

Boetius, a Roman senator, son-in-law of Symmachus, V. i. 32; his death, V. i. 34; his children receive from Amalasuntha his property, V. ii. 5

Britain, compared in size with Thule, VI. xv. 4; offered to the Goths by Belisarius, VI. vi. 28; much larger than Sicily, _ibid._

Britons, V. xxiv. 36

Broken Wall, a portion of the defences of Rome, V. xxiii. 3, 4; not rebuilt by Belisarius, V. xxiii. 5; never attacked by the Goths, V. xxiii. 6, 7; never rebuilt, V. xxiii. 8

Bruttii, a people of Southern Italy, V. xv. 22, 23

Bruttium, V. viii. 4

Burgundians, a barbarian people of Gaul, V. xii. 11; attacked by the Franks, V. xii. 23; alliance formed against them by the Franks and Goths, V. xii. 24, 25; driven back by the Franks, V. xii. 26, 28-30; and completely subjugated, V. xiii. 3; sent by Theudibert as allies to the Goths, VI. xii. 38, 39

Burnus, town in Liburnia, V. xvi. 13, 15

Byzantines, their identification of the Palladium, V. xv. 14

Byzantium, ashes from Vesuvius once fell there, VI. iv. 27; senate house of, V. v. 19

Cadmean victory, V. vii. 5

Caesar, see Augustus

Caesena, fortress in northern Italy, V. i. 15; distance from Ravenna, _ibid._; garrisoned by Vittigis, VI. xi. 3

Calabria, in southern Italy, VI. v. 2

Calabrians, their location, V. xv. 21, 22; voluntarily submit to Belisarius, V. xv. 3

Calydonian boar, its tusks preserved in Beneventus, V. xv. 8

Campani, a people of southern Italy, V. xv. 22

Campania, its cities: Naples, V. viii. 5; and Cumae, V. xiv. 2; sought by Roman fugitives, V. xvii. 20; by refugees from Rome, V. xxv. 4, 10; by Procopius, VI. ix. 1 ff.; by Antonina, VI. iv. 14; Roman forces unite there, VI. v. 2; Procopius gathers soldiers and provisions in, VI. iv. 19; offered to Belisarius by the Goths, VI. vi. 30

Cappadocians, Theodoriscus and George, V. xxix. 20

Capua, terminus of the Appian Way, V. xiv. 6

Carcasiana, city in Gaul; battle fought near it, V. xii. 35 ff.; besieged by the Franks, V. xii. 41; siege raised at the approach of Theoderic, V. xii. 44; its treasures conveyed to Ravenna, V. xii. 47; later returned to Amalaric, V. xiii. 6

Carnii, a people of central Europe, V. xv. 27

Carthage, the ostensible destination of Belisarius' expedition, V. v. 6

Catana, in Sicily; taken by Belisarius, V. v. 12

Celtica, at the headwaters of the Po, V. i. 18

Centenarium, a sum of money, V. xiii. 14; cf.