M.

_Maddeson_, Mr. death of, lamented, iii. 544*.

_Magazine_ of powder, how to secure it from lightning, i. 375.

_Magical_ circle of circles, ii. 327. picture, i. 195. square of squares, ii. 324.

_Magnetism_, animal, detected and exposed, i. 150. given by electricity, 248, 314. and electricity, affinity between, 410. supposed to exist in all space, ii. 119, 126. conjectures as to its effects on the globe, 120. enquiry how it first came to exist, 126.

_Mahogany_, expands and shrinks, according to climate, ii. 138. recommended for an hygrometer, 141.

_Mandeville_, Franklin's acquaintance with, i. 39.

_Manners_, effects of, on population, ii. 393, _et seq._ letter to the Busy-body on the want of, iii. 432.

_Manufactures_, produce greater proportionate returns than raw materials, ii. 410. founded in the want of land for the poor, iii. 107. are with difficulty transplanted from one country to another, 121. hardly ever lost but by foreign conquest, 122. probability of their establishment in America, 260. want no encouragement from the government, if a country be ripe for them, 405.

_Maritime_ observations, ii. 162.

_Marly_, experiments made at, for drawing lightning from the clouds, i. 421.

_Marriage_ of Franklin, i. 97.

_Marriages_, where the greatest number take place, ii. 383. why frequent and early in America, 385. iii. 113, 403. early, letter on, iii. 475.

_Maryland_, account of a whirlwind there, ii. 61. of paper bills formerly issued there, iii. 155. its conduct in a French war, previous to the American troubles, defended, 262.

_Massachusets_ bay, petition of the inhabitants of, to the king, iii. 325.

_Matter_, enquiry into the supposed vis inertiæ of, ii. 110. man can neither create nor annihilate it, 123.

_Mawgridge_, William, member of the Junto club, i. 84.

_Maxims_, prudential, from poor Richard's almanack, iii. 453.

_Mazeas_, abbe, letter from, i. 420.

_Meal_, grain, &c. manner of preserving them good for ages, i. 376. ii. 190.

_Mechanics_, advantages of an early attention to, i. 14.

_Mediocrity_, prevalence of, in America, iii. 399.

_Melody_ in music, what, ii. 340.

_Men_, six, struck down by an electric shock, i. 306.

_Mercer_, Dr. letter from, on a water-spout, ii. 34.

_Merchants_ and shopkeepers in America, iii. 394.

_Meredith_, Hugh, companion of Franklin, short account of, i. 72, 76, 89.

_Metalline_ rods, secure buildings from lightning, i. 281. either prevent or conduct a stroke, 310.

_Metals_, melted by electricity and by lightning, i. 215, 229. when melted by electricity, stain glass, 232. polished, spotted by electrical sparks, 253. feel colder than wood, why, ii. 56.

_Meteorological_ observations, ii. 1, 45, 66.

_Methusalem_ slept always in the open air, iii. 495.

_Mickle_, Samuel, a prognosticator of evil, i. 81.

_Military_ manners, effects of, ii. 398, 399. power of the king, remarks on, iii. 307.

_Militia_ bill, Franklin the author of one, i. 132.

## particular one, rejected by the governor of Pensylvania, 100.

iii. 157.

_Mines_, method of changing air in them, ii. 291. of rock salt, conjectures as to their formation, 92.

_Mists_, how supported in air, ii. 5.

_Modesty_ in disputation recommended, ii. 317.

_Money_, how to make it plenty, iii. 467. new mode of lending, 468.

_Moral_ principles, state of Franklin's mind respecting, on his entering into business, i. 79.

_Morals_ of chess, iii. 488.

_Motion_, the communication and effects of, ii. 7, 8. of vessels at sea, how to be stopped, 181.

_Mountains_, use of, in producing rain and rivers, i. 208. why the summits of, are cold, ii. 6. conjecture how they became so high, 91.

_Music_, harmony and melody of the old Scotish, ii. 338. modern, defects of, 343.

_Musical_ glasses described, ii. 330.

N.

_Nantucket_ whalers best acquainted with the gulph-stream, ii. 198.

_National_ wealth, data for reasoning on, ii. 408. three ways of acquiring, 410.

_Navigation_, difference of, in shoal and deep water, ii. 158. observations on, 195, 196. from Newfoundland to New York, 197. inland, in America, iii. 118.

_Needle_ of a compass, its polarity reversed by lightning, i. 248, 325. of wood, circular motion of, by electricity, 332, 351.

_Needles_, magnetised by electricity, i. 148. and pins, melted by electricity, 249.

_Negatively_ electrised bodies repel each other, i. 294.

_Negroes_ bear heat better, and cold worse, than whites, ii. 86.

_Newbury_, effects of a stroke of lightning there, i. 310.

_New-England_, former flourishing state of, from the issue of paper money, iii. 145. circumstances which rendered the restriction of paper money there not injurious, 148. abolition of paper currency there, 263.

_Newfoundland_ fisheries, more valuable than the mines of Peru, iii. 452.

_Newspaper_, one sufficient for all America, in 1721, i. 23. instance of one set up by Franklin at Philadelphia, 86.

_New-York_, effects of lightning there, i. 326. former flourishing state of, from the issue of paper-money, iii. 146. sentiments of the colonists on the act for abolishing the legislature of, 232. obtained in exchange for Surinam, 349.

_Nollet_, Abbé, Franklin's theory of electricity opposed by, i. 113. remarks on his letters, 430.

_Non-conductors_ of electricity, i. 378.

_Non-electric_, its property in receiving or giving electrical fire, i. 193.

_North-east_ storms in America, account of, ii. 68.

_Nurses_, office at Paris for examining the health of, iii. 549*.

O.

_Oak_ best for flooring and stair-cases, ii. 321.

_Ohio_, distance of its fort from the sea, iii. 119, note.

_Oil_, effect of heat on, ii. 4. evaporates only in dry air, _ibid._ renders air unfit to take up water, _ibid._ curious instance of its effects on water in a lamp, 142. stilling of waves by means of, 144, 145, 148, 150, 151, 154.

_Old_ man's wish, song so called quoted, iii. 546*.

_Onslow_, Arthur, dedication of a work to, by Franklin, iii. 59.

_Opinions_, vulgar ones too much slighted, ii. 146. regard to established ones, thought wisdom in a government, iii. 226.

_Orthography_, a new mode of, ii. 359.

_Osborne_, a friend of Franklin's, i. 50, 53

_Oversetting_ at sea, how it occurs, ii. 172. how to be prevented, _ibid._, 173.

_Outriggers_ to boats, advantages of, ii. 173.

P.

_Packthread_, though wet, not a good conductor, i. 200.

_Paine's_ Common Sense, Franklin supposed to have contributed to, i. 148.

_Paper_, how to make large sheets, in the Chinese way, ii. 349. a poem, iii. 522.

_Paper-credit_, cannot be circumscribed by law, ii. 418.

_Paper-money_, pamphlet written by Franklin on, i. 91. American, remarks and facts relative to, iii. 144. advantages of, over gold and silver, iii. 152.

_Papers_ on philosophical subjects, i. 169, _et seq._ ii. 1, _et seq._ on general politics, ii. 383, _et seq._ on American subjects, before the revolution, iii. 3, _et seq._ during the revolution, iii. 225, _et seq._ subsequent to the revolution, iii. 383, _et seq._ on moral subjects, iii. 421, _et seq._

_Parable_ against persecution, ii. 450.

_Paradoxes_ inferred from some experiments, i. 262.

_Paralysis_, effects of electricity on, i. 401.

_Parliament_ of England, opinions in America, in 1766, concerning, iii. 254.

_Parsons_, William, member of the Junto club, i. 83.

_Parties_, their use in republics, iii. 396.

_Party_ of pleasure, electrical, i. 202.

_Passages_ to and from America, how to be shortened, ii. 138. why shorter from, than to, America, 189.

_Passengers_ by sea, instructions to, ii. 192.

_Patriotism_, spirit of, catching, iii. 90.

_Peace_, the victorious party may insist on adequate securities in the terms of, iii. 96.

_Penn_, governor, remarks on his administration, iii. 183. sold his legislative right in Pensylvania, but did not complete the bargain, 189.

_Pensylvania_, Franklin appointed clerk to the general assembly of, i. 102. forms a plan of association for the defence of, 104. becomes a member of the general assembly of, 114. aggrievances of, iii. 50. infraction of its charter, 52. review of the constitution of, 59. former flourishing state of, from the issue of paper-money, 146. rate of exchange there, 154. letter on the militia bill of, 157. settled by English and Germans, 162. English and German, its provincial languages, _ib._ pecuniary bargains between the governors and assembly of, 165. taxes there, 246, 251. number of its inhabitants, 249. proportion of quakers, and of Germans, _ibid._ exports and imports, 250. assembly of, in 1766, how composed, 252.

_Pensylvanian_ fire-places, account of, ii. 223.

## particularly described, 235.

effects of, 239. manner of using them, 241. advantages of, 243. objections to, answered, 247. directions to bricklayers respecting, 251.

_Peopling_ of countries, observations on, ii. 383, _et seq._

_Perkins_, Dr. letter from, on water-spouts, ii. 11. on shooting stars, 36.

_Persecution_, parable against, ii. 450. of dissenters, letter on, 452. of quakers in New England, 454.

_Perspirable_ matter, pernicious, if retained, ii. 50.

_Perspiration_, necessary to be kept up, in hot climates, ii. 86. difference of, in persons when naked and clothed, 214.

_Petition_ from the colonists of Massachusets bay, iii. 325. of the left hand, 483.

_Petty_, sir William, a double vessel built by, ii. 174.

_Philadelphia_, Franklin's first arrival at, i. 32. account of a seminary there, instituted by Franklin, 116 to 127. state of the public bank at, iii. 551*.

_Phytolacca_, or poke weed, a specific for cancers, i. 261.

_Picture_, magical, described, i. 195.

_Plain_ truth, Franklin's first political pamphlet, iii. 524.

_Plan_ for benefiting distant countries, ii. 403. for settling two western colonies, iii. 41. for the management of Indian affairs, remarks on, 216. for improving the condition of the free blacks, 519.

_Planking_ of ships, improvement in, ii. 189.

_Pleurisy_, Franklin attacked by, i. 71, 154.

_Plus_ and minus electricity, in the Leyden bottle, i. 181. in other bodies, 185.

_Pointed_ rods, secure buildings from lightning, i. 283, 381. experiments and observations on, 388. objections to, answered, 395, 396.

_Points_, their effects, i. 170. property of, explained, 223. experiment showing the effect of, on the clouds, 283. mistake respecting, 310.

_Poke-weed_, a cure for cancers, i. 260, 261.

_Polarity_ given to needles by electricity, i. 248.

_Poles_ of the earth, if changed, would produce a deluge, ii. 127.

_Political_ fragments, ii. 411.

_Polypus_, a nation compared to, ii. 391.

_Poor_, remarks on the management of, ii. 418. the better provided for, the more idle, 422.

_Poor_ Richard, maxims of, iii. 453.

_Pope_, criticism on two of his lines, i. 23.

_Population_, observations on, ii. 383. causes which diminish it, 386. occasional vacancies in, soon filled by natural generation, 390. rate of its increase in America, 385. iii. 113, 250, 254. why it increases faster there, than in England, iii. 255.

_Positions_ concerning national wealth, ii. 408.

_Positiveness_, impropriety of, ii. 318.

_Postage_, not a tax, but payment for a service, iii. 265. state of, in America, in 1766, 279.

_Post-master_, and deputy post-master general, Franklin appointed to the offices of, i. 102, 127.

_Potts_, Stephen, a companion of Franklin's, i. 72, 84.

_Poultry_, not good at sea, ii. 193.

_Powder-magazines_, how secured from lightning, i. 375.

_Power_ to move a heavy body, how to be augmented, ii. 191.

_Pownall_, governor, memorial of, to the Duke of Cumberland, iii. 41. letter from, on an equal communication of rights to America, 243. constitution of the colonies by, 299.

_Preface_ to Mr. Galloway's speech, iii. 163. to proceedings of the inhabitants of Boston, 317.

_Presbyterianism_, established religion in New England, ii. 454.

_Press_, account of the court of, ii. 463. liberty of, abused, 465.

_Pressing_ of seamen, animadversions on, ii. 437.

_Price_, Dr. letter from, on Franklin's death, iii. 541.

_Priestley_, Dr. letter from, on Franklin's character, iii. 547.

_Printers_ at Philadelphia before Franklin, i. 36.

_Printing_, Franklin apprenticed to the business of, i. 15. works at it as a journeymen in England, 58, 62. in America, 35, 71. enters on the business of, as master, 78. observations on fashions in, ii. 355.

_Prison_, society for relieving the misery of, i. 151. not known among the Indians of America, iii. 220.

_Privateering_, reprobated, ii. 436. further observations on, 446. article to prevent it, recommended in national treaties, 448. inserted in a treaty between America and Prussia, 449.

_Proas_, of the pacific ocean, safety of, ii. 173. flying, superior to any of our sailing boats, 176.

_Produce_ of the inland parts of America, iii. 119.

_Products_ of America, do not interfere with those of Britain, iii. 124.

_Prose-writing_, method of acquiring excellence in, i. 18.

_Protest_ against Franklin's appointment as colonial agent, remarks on, iii. 203.

_Provisions_, cheapness of, encourages idleness, ii. 415.

_Prussian_ edict, assuming claims over Britain, iii. 311.

_Public_ services and functions of Franklin, i. 125. spirit, manifest in England, iii. 91. different opinion respecting it expressed, 375.

_Punctuality_ of America in the payment of public debts, iii. 373.

_Puckridge_, Mr. inventor of musical glasses, i. 136.

Q.

_Quaker-lady_, good advice of one to Franklin in his youth, i. 42.

_Quakers_, persecution of, in New England, ii. 454. proportion of, in Pensylvania, iii. 249.

_Quebec_, remarks on the enlargement of the province of, iii. 20, note.

_Queries_ concerning light, i. 258. proposed at the Junto club, ii. 366. from Mr. Strahan, on the American disputes, iii. 287.

_Questions_ discussed by the Junto club, ii. 369.

R.

_Rain_, how produced, i. 207. generally brings down electricity, 292. why never salt, ii. 32. different quantities of, falling at different heights, 133.

_Ralph_, James, a friend of Franklin's, i. 50, 53, 54, 57, 60.

_Rarefaction_ of the air, why greater in the upper regions, ii. 6.

_Read_, maiden name of Franklin's wife, i. 33, 37, 49, 54, 59, 70, 96.

_Reading_, Franklin's early passion for, i. 15, 16. how best taught, ii. 372. advice to youth respecting, 378.

_Recluse_, a Roman Catholic one, in London, i. 65.

_Red_ and green, relation between the colours of, ii. 341.

_Regimen_, sudden alterations of, not prejudicial, i. 49.

_Religious_ sect, new one, intended establishment of, i. 48.

_Repellency_, electrical, how destroyed, i. 172.

_Representation_, American, in the British parliament, thoughts on, iii. 37, 243.

_Repulsion_, electrical, the doctrine of, doubted, i. 333. considerations in support of, 349.

_Revelation_, doubted by Franklin in his youth, i. 79.

_Rhode-Island_, purchased for a pair of spectacles, iii. 21. its population at three periods, iii. 129.

_Rich_, hints to those that would be, iii. 466.

_Ridicule_, delight of the prince of Condé in, iii. 424.

_Rivers_, from the Andes, how formed, i. 209. motion of the tides in, explained, ii. 96, 102. do not run into the sea, 105. evaporate before they reach the sea, 106. inflammability of the surface of, 130.

_Rods_, utility of long pointed ones, to secure buildings from lightning, i. 388. See farther. _Iron._ _Lightning._ _Metalline._

_Rome_, causes of its decline enquired into, ii. 398. political government of its provinces, iii. 136.

_Rooms_, warm, advantages of, ii. 249. do not give colds, ibid.

_Roots_, edible, might be dried and preserved for sea-store, ii. 190.

_Rosin_, when fluid, will conduct electricity, i. 256.

_Rousseau_, his opinion of tunes in parts, ii. 342.

_Rowing_ of boats, Chinese method of, ii. 177.

_Rowley_, Dr. Franklin's obligations to, iii. 555*.

S.

_Sailing_, observations on, ii. 163.

_Sails_, proposed improvements in, ii. 164, 166.

_Saint_ Bride's church, stroke of lightning on, i. 374.

_Salt_, dry, will not conduct electricity, i. 258. rock, conjectures as to its origin, ii. 91.

_Saltness_ of the sea-water considered, _ib._

_Savage_, John, a companion of Franklin's, i. 72.

_Savages_ of North America, remarks on, iii. 383, _et seq._

_School_, sketch of one, for Philadelphia, ii. 370.

_Scotch_ tunes, harmony of, and melody, ii. 338.

_Screaming_, a defect in modern tunes, ii. 345.

_Scull_, Nicholas, member of the Junto club, i. 83.

_Sea_, electrical qualities of its component parts, i. 205. opinion, that it is the source of lightning, considered, 269, 321, 322. supposed cause of its luminous appearance, ii. 88. from what cause, salt, 91. has formerly covered the mountains, _ib._

_Sea-coal_, has a vegetable origin, ii. 128. prejudices against the use of, at Paris, 278.

_Sea-water_, soon loses its luminous quality, i. 269. considerations on the distillation of, ii. 103. how to quench thirst with, 104. thermometrical observation on, 199, _et seq._

_Security_, a just ground to demand cessions from an enemy, iii. 93.

_Separation_ of the colonies from Britain, probability of, in 1775, iii. 356.

_Servants_ in England, the most barren parts of the people, ii. 395.

_Settlements_, new, in America, letter concerning, iii. 409.

_Settlers_ of British colonies, their rights, iii. 299.

_Sheep_, a whole flock killed by lightning, i. 415.

_Ships_, abandoned at sea, often saved, ii. 169. may be nicely balanced, 170. accidents to, at sea, how guarded against, 172.

_Shirley_, governor, letters to, on the taxation of the colonies, iii. 30. on American representation in the British parliament, 37.

_Shooting-stars_, letter on, ii. 36.

_Shop-keepers_ in America, iii. 394.

_Sides_ of vessels, the best construction of, ii. 172.

_Silver_ cann, experiment with, i. 307. vessels, not so easily handled as glass, when filled with hot liquors, ii. 57.

_Slavery_, society for the abolition of, i. 151. address to the public on the abolition of, iii. 517.

_Slaves_, not profitable labourers, ii. 386. diminish population, ii. 387.

_Slave-trade_, sentiment of a French moralist respecting, ii. 195. parody on the arguments in favour of, 450.

_Sliding-plates_ for smoky chimnies described, ii. 287.

_Slitting-mills_ in America, iii. 270.

_Small_, Mr. Alexander, letter from, i. 374.

_Smell_ of electricity, how produced, i. 244.

_Smoke_, principle by which it ascends, ii. 257. stove that consumes it, 296. the burning of, useful in hot-houses, 316.

_Smoky_ chimnies, observation on the causes and cure of, ii. 256. remedy for, if by want of air, 261, 262. if by too large openings in the room, 266, 268. if by too short a funnel, 269. if by overpowering each other, 270, 271. if by being overtopped, 271, 272. if by improper situation of a door, 273. if by smoke drawn down their funnels, 274, 275. if by strong winds, 275, 276. difficult sometimes to discover the cause of, 282.

_Smuggling_, reflections on, ii. 430. encouragement of, not honest, 432.

_Snow_, singular instance of its giving electricity, i. 373.

_Soap-boiler_, part of Franklin's early life devoted to the business of, i. 10, 14.

_Societies_, of which Franklin was president, i. 151. learned, of which he was a member, 135.

_Socrates_, his mode of disputation, i. 21.

_Songs_, ancient, give more pleasure than modern, ii. 342. modern, composed of all the defects of speech, 344.

_Soul_, argument against the annihilation of, iii. 548*.

_Sound_, best mediums for conveying, ii. 335. observations on, 336. queries concerning, 337.

_Sounds_ just past, we have a perfect idea of their pitch, ii. 340.

_Soup-dishes_ at sea, how to be made more convenient, ii. 195.

_Spain_, what has thinned its population, ii. 390.

_Specific_ weight, what, ii. 226.

_Spectacles_, double, advantages of, iii. 544*, 551*.

_Speech_, at Algiers, on slavery and piracy, ii. 450. of Mr. Galloway, preface to, iii. 163. last of Franklin, on the federal constitution, 416.

_Spelling_, a new mode of, recommended, ii. 359.

_Spheres_, electric, commodious ones, i. 178.

_Spider_, artificial, described, i. 177.

_Spirits_, fired without heating, i. 214, 245. linen wetted with, cooling in inflammations, ii. 87. should always be taken to sea in bottles, 175.

_Spots_ in the sun, how formed, i. 260.

_Squares_, magical square of, ii. 324.

_Staffordshire_ chimney, description of, ii. 285.

_Stamp-act_ in America stigmatized, iii. 228. letter on the repeal of, iii. 239. examination of Franklin on, 245.

_Stars._ See _Shooting_.

_State_, internal, of America, iii. 291.

_Storms_, causes of, ii. 65.

_Stove_, Dutch, its advantages and defects, ii. 233. German, ditto, 234. to draw downwards, by J. G. Leutmann, 298. for burning pit-coal and consuming its smoke, 301, 304, 308.

_Strata_ of the earth, letter on, ii. 116.

_Strahan_, Mr. queries by, on American politics, iii. 287. answer to the queries, 290. letter to, disclaiming his friendship, iii. 354.

_Stuber_, Dr. continuator of Franklin's life, i. 98.

_Studies_ of trifles, should be moderate, ii. 95.

_Stuttering_, one of the affected beauties of modern tunes, ii. 245.

_Sugar_, cruelties exercised in producing it, ii. 196.

_Sulphur_ globe, its electricity different from that of the glass globe, i. 265.

_Sun_, supplies vapour with fire, i. 207. why not wasted by expense of light, 259. effect of its rays on different coloured clothes, ii. 108. light of, proposed to be used instead of candlelight, iii. 470, 473. discovered to give light as soon as it rises, 471.

_Surfaces_ of glass, different state of its opposite ones, when electrised, i. 191, 238.

_Swimming_, skill of Franklin in, i. 66. art of, how to be acquired, ii. 206 how a person unacquainted with it may avoid sinking, 208. a delightful and wholesome exercise, ii. 209, 211. advantage of, to soldiers, 210. inventions to improve it, _ibid._ 212. medical effects of, _ibid._

T.

_Tariffs_, not easily settled in Indian trade, iii. 218.

_Tautology_, an affected beauty of modern songs, ii. 345.

_Taxation_, American, letters to governor Shirley on, iii. 30. American, Dr. Franklin's examination on, iii. 246, 256. internal and external, distinguished, 259. on importation of goods and consumption, difference between, 266.

_Tea-act_, the duty on, in America, how considered there, iii. 261, 317, 319. characterized by Mr. Burke, 319, _note_.

_Teach_, or Blackbeard, name of a ballad written by Franklin in his youth, i. 16.

_Thanks_ of the assembly of Pensylvania to Franklin, iii. 214.

_Thanksgiving-days_ appointed in New England instead of fasts, iii. 392.

_Theory_ of the earth, ii. 117. of light and heat, 122.

_Thermometer_, not cooled by blowing on, when dry, ii. 87. electrical, described, and experiments with, ii. 336.

_Thermometrical_ observations on the gulph-stream, ii. 199. on the warmth of sea-water, 200.

_Thirst_, may be relieved by sea-water, how, ii. 105.

_Thunder_ and lightning, how caused, i. 209. seldom heard far from land, 216. comparatively little at Bermuda, _ibid._ defined, 378.

_Thunder-gusts_, what, i. 203. hypothesis to explain them, 203, _et seq._

_Tides_ in rivers, motion of, explained, ii. 96, 102.

_Time_, occasional fragments of, how to be collected, ii. 412. is money to a tradesman, iii. 463.

_Toads_ live long without nourishment, ii. 223.

_Toleration_ in Old and New England compared, ii. 457.

_Torpedo_, how to determine its electricity, i. 408, 409.

_Tourmalin_, its singular electrical properties, i. 370. experiments on it, 371, 372.

_Trade_, pleasure attending the first earnings in, i. 81. should be under no restrictions, ii. 415. exchanges in, may be advantageous to each party, 418. inland carriage no obstruction, to, iii. 116. great rivers in America, favourable to, 118. bills of credit, in lieu of money, the best medium of, 156. will find and make its own rates, 219.

_Tradesman_, advice to a young one, iii. 463.

_Transportation_ of felons to America, highly disagreeable to the inhabitants there, iii. 235.

_Treaty_ between America and Prussia, humane article of, ii. 449.

_Treasures_, hidden, search after, ridiculed, iii. 450.

_Trees_, dangerous to be under, in thunder-storms, i. 213. the shivering of, by lightning, explained, 359. why cool in the sun, ii. 87.

_Tubes_ of glass, electrical, manner of rubbing, i. 178. lined with a non-electric, experiment with, 240. exhausted, electric fire moves freely in, 241.

_Tunes_, ancient Scotch, why give general pleasure, ii. 338. composed to the wire-harp, 341. in parts, Rousseau's opinion of, 342. modern, absurdities of, 344, _et seq._

_Turkey_ killed by electricity, i. 299.

_Turks_, ceremony observed by, in visiting, iii. 436.

V. U.

_Vacuum_, Torricellian, experiment with, i. 291. electrical experiment in, 317.

_Vapour_, electrical experiment on, i. 343.

_Vapours_ from moist hay, &c. easily fired by lightning, i. 215. cause of their rising considered, ii. 46, 49.

_Vanity_, observation on, i. 2.

_Varnish_, dry, burnt by electric sparks, i. 199.

_Vattel's_ Law of Nations, greatly consulted by the American congress, iii. 360.

_Vegetable_ diet, observed by Franklin, i. 20. abandoned by Franklin, why, 47.

_Vegetation_, effects of, on noxious air, ii. 129.

_Velocity_ of the electric fire, i. 319.

_Virtue_ in private life exemplified, iii. 427.

_Vernon_, Mr. reposes a trust in Franklin, which he violates, i. 44.

_Vis_ inertiæ of matter, observations on, ii. 110.

_Visits_, unseasonable and importunate, letter on, iii. 432.

_Unintelligibleness_, a fault of modern singing, ii. 345.

_Union_, Albany plan of. See _Albany_.

_Union_ of America with Britain, letter on, iii. 239.

_United_ states of America, nature of the congress of, iii. 550*.

_Voyage_, from Boston to New York, i. 27. from New York to Philadelphia, 28. from Newfoundland to New York, remarks on, ii. 197. crossing the gulph stream, journal of, 199. from Philadelphia to France, 200, 201. from the channel to America, 202. to benefit distant countries, proposed, 403.

_Vulgar_ opinions, too much slighted, ii. 146.

W.

_Waggons_, number of, supplied by Franklin, on a military emergency, i. 131.

_War_, civil, whether it strengthens a country considered, ii. 399. observations on, 435. laws of, gradually humanized, _ib._ humane article respecting, in a treaty between Prussia and America, ii. 449. French, of 1757, its origin, iii. 274.

_Warm_ rooms do not make people tender, or give colds, ii. 249.

_Washington_, early military talents of, i. 130. Franklin's bequest to, 164.

_Water_, a perfect conductor of electricity, i. 201. strongly electrified, rises in vapour, 204.

## particles of, in rising, are attached to particles of air, 205.

and air, attract each other, 206. exploded like gunpowder, by electricity, 358. expansion of, when reduced to vapour, _ib._ saturated with salt, precipitates the overplus, ii. 2. will dissolve in air, _ib._ expands when boiling, _ib._ how supported in air, 45. bubbles on the surface of, hypothesis respecting, 48. agitated, does not produce heat, 49, 96. supposed originally all salt, 91. fresh, produce of distillation only, _ib._ curious effects of oil on, 142.

_Water-casks_, how to dispose of, in leaky vessels, ii. 170.

_Water-spouts_, observations on, ii. 11. whether they descend or ascend, 14, 23, 38. various appearances of, 16. winds blow from all points towards them, 21. are whirlwinds at sea, _ib._ effect of one on the coast of Guinea, 33. account of one at Antigua, 34. various instances of, 38. Mr. Colden's observations on, 53.

_Watson_, Mr. William, letter by, on thunder-clouds, i. 427.

_Waves_, stilled by oil, ii. 144, 145, 148. greasy water, 146.

_Wax_, when fluid will conduct electricity, i. 256. may be electrised positively and negatively, 291.

_Wealth_, way to, iii. 453. national, positions to be examined concerning, ii. 408. but three ways of acquiring it, 410.

_Webb_, George, a companion of Franklin's, i. 72, 84, 86.

_Wedderburn_, Mr. remarks on his treatment of Franklin before the privy council, iii. 330, 332, notes; 550.

_West_, Mr. his conductor struck by lightning, i. 340.

_Western_ colonies, plan for settling them, iii. 41.

_Whatley_, Mr. four letters to, iii. 543*.

_Wheels_, electrical, described, i. 196.

_Whirlwinds_, how formed, ii. 10. observations on, 20. a remarkable one at Rome, 24. account of one in Maryland, 61.

_Whistle_, a story, iii. 480.

_White_, fittest colour for clothes in hot climates, ii. 109.

_Will_, extracts from Franklin's, i. 155.

_Wilson_, Mr. draws electricity from the clouds, i. 429.

_Wind_ generated by fermentation, ii. 59.

_Winds_ explained, ii. 8, 9, 48. the explanation objected to, 50, 51. observations on, by Mr. Colden, 52. whether confined to, or generated in, clouds, 57. raise the surface of the sea above its level, 188. effect of, on sound, 337.

_Winters_, hard, causes of, ii. 68.

_Winthrop_, professor, letters from, i. 373, 382.

_Wire_ conducts a great stroke of lightning, though destroyed itself, i. 282.

_Wolfe_, general, i. 136.

_Women_ of Paris, singular saying respecting, as mothers, iii. 548*.

_Wood_, dry, will not conduct electricity, i. 172. why does not feel so cold as metals, ii. 56.

_Woods_, not unhealthy to inhabit, ii. 130.

_Woollen_, why warmer than linen, ii. 57, 81.

_Words_, to modern songs, only a pretence for singing, ii. 348.

_Wygate_, an acquaintance of Franklin's, i. 66.

_Wyndham_, sir William, applies to Franklin to teach his sons swimming, i. 69.

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTE

Italic text is denoted by _underscores_.

Obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources.

For consistency and clarity, the pound abbreviation 'l.' has been italicized, so for example '123,321l.' has been replaced by '123,321_l._' in the etext.

For consistency, the date and salutation at the beginning of each letter, and the closing and name at the end of each letter, have been put on separate lines (they were sometimes placed on the same line in the original printed text).

Three or more asterisks, sometimes spaced, were used by the editor to indicate omitted text, and sometimes '-- -- --' or '----' were used. Missing names were indicated by '----' or by '****'. For this reason thought breaks in the text are indicated by two blank lines, not by a line of asterisks.

A deliberate blank space in the text is indicated by [___].

All the changes noted in the Errata (pg vi) have been applied to the text.

Many Footnotes have the signature 'B. V.' rather than 'Editor'. This is explained in Vol 1 p 399 Footnote [90], and is copied below for the reader's convenience:- Wherever this signature occurs, the note is taken from a volume of Dr. Franklin's writings, entitled Political, Miscellaneous, and Philosophical Pieces, printed for Johnson, 1779. The editor of that volume, though a young man at the time, had already evinced extraordinary talents, and was the friend and correspondent of our author. As he has chosen to withhold his name, we conceive ourselves not entitled to disclose it: but we shall take the freedom of an acquaintance to use the notes occasionally, deeming them in many instances valuable historical records. Editor.

Except for those changes noted below, misspelling in the text, and inconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained. For example, compleat; controul; inclose; smoaky; Pensylvania; Massachussets; New-England, New England; shopkeeper, shop-keeper.

In addition: Pg vi Errata. Page '59' replaced by '39'. Pg 11. 'infringment' replaced by 'infringement'. Pg 23. 'would he' replaced by 'would be'. Pg 29. 'and slso to' replaced by 'and also to'. Pg 31. 'problably give' replaced by 'probably give'. Pg 39. 'iron mafacture' replaced by 'iron manufacture'. Pg 47. 'thesettlers;' replaced by 'the settlers;'. Pg 59 FN [16] 'our anthor' replaced by 'our author'. Pg 70. 'provice for' replaced by 'province for'. Pg 71. 'Twightwee' replaced by 'Twigtwee'. Pg 74. 'in theuse' replaced by 'in the use'. Pg 81. 'poll-tax of sen' replaced by 'poll-tax of ten'. Pg 84. 'Lower Countries' replaced by 'Lower Counties'. Pg 90. 'msy inspire' replaced by 'may inspire'. Pg 95 FN [26] 'Observatious' replaced by 'Observations'. Pg 104. 'meer names' replaced by 'mere names'. Pg 126 FN [44] '3,353,337' replaced by the correct total '3,363,337'. Pg 129 FN [46] 'those swo' replaced by 'those two'. Pg 131. 'Londom' replaced by 'London'. Pg 188. 'satisfacton' replaced by 'satisfaction'. Pg 196. 'farewel-speech' replaced by 'farewell speech'. Pg 204. 'sauction' replaced by 'sanction'. Pg 234 FN [78] 'Great Britian' replaced by 'Great Britain'. Pg 235. 'cruel idsult' replaced by 'cruel insult'. Pg 238 FN [79] 'trroops' replaced by 'troops'. Pg 253 FN [87] 'repeal or' replaced by 'repeal of'. Pg 267. 'Snpposing' replaced by 'Supposing'. Pg 267 et seq. Seventeen instances of '2.' replaced by 'Q.' Pg 281. 'T. In my opinion' replaced by 'A. In my opinion'. Pg 283. 'Q. I suppose' replaced by 'A. I suppose'. Pg 292 FN [99] ' slave' replaced by 'a slave.'. Pg 295 FN [101] 'froward child' replaced by 'forward child'. Pg 307. 'vice-gerent' replaced by 'vice-regent'. Pg 315. 'adn villains' replaced by 'and villains'. Pg 319 FN [120] 'wolud be' replaced by 'would be'. Pg 332 FN [130] 'Wedderburne' replaced by 'Wedderburn'. Pg 354. Missing anchor for Footnote [148] added. Pg 361. 'la royanté' replaced by 'la royauté'. Pg 361. 'send yon' replaced by 'send you'. Pg 389. 'our intrepreter' replaced by 'our interpreter'. Pg 399. 'genuises' replaced by 'geniuses'. Pg 475. Missing anchor for Footnote [180] added. Pg 524 FN [197] 'who furnised' replaced by 'who furnished'. Pg 537. 'sentimeat' replaced by 'sentiment'. Pg 550*. 'oo muc h' replaced by 'too much'. Index Pg 4i. 'Animalcnles' replaced by 'Animalcules'. Index Pg 29i. 'relation batween' replaced by 'relation between'.

The Index covers all three volumes and was originally printed at the end of Volume 1 only. It has been copied to the end of Volume 2 and 3 as a convenience for the reader.

The Index had no page numbers in the original text; page numbers from 1i to 36i have been added for completeness. For clarity, some volume identifiers (i. or ii. or iii.) have been added, or removed, in the Index. Only references within this volume have been hyperlinked.

The Index has some references to page numbers with a *, eg 551*. These are valid references; the book printer inserted pages 543*-556* between pages 542 and 543 in Vol iii.